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Luxemburgo - Bourscheid - Castillo
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www.visitluxembourg.com/en/place/castle/bourscheid-castle
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Bourscheid Castle is located near the village of Bourscheid in north-eastern Luxembourg. The medieval castle stands on a site with archeological evidence of structures dating back to Roman times. Standing majestically some 150 metres (490 ft) above the River Sûre, it is enclosed by a circular wall with 11 watchtowers.
Although first mentioned in records from 1095, the castle appears to have been built around the year 1000 on earlier foundations. It was extended on several occasions: the outer wall dates from 1350, the Stolzembourg house from 1384 and the courtyard from 1477. Behind the gateway from the end of the 15th century, a ditch protected by four towers barred access to the upper and lower castles. The southern and eastern towers are from 1498 and the artillery bastions were built in the 16th century.
The extension of the upper part of the castle took place in the 15th century while the great fireplace and tall chimney were completed about a hundred years later. Schenk von Schmidtburg, who acquired the castle at the end of the 18th century, undertook some repair work but was unable to prevent further degradation. In the 19th century, after the chapel collapsed, there was talk of demolishing the building. However, in 1936 it became a listed site and in 1972, with the encouragement of an association called the Friends of the Castle of Bourscheid, the State acquired the building and undertook extensive repairs. As a result of restoration work, the castle is now fully accessible to visitors.
Şirince (pronounced [ʃiˈɾindʒe]) is a village of 600 inhabitants in İzmir Province, Turkey, located about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) east of the town Selçuk.
Şirince was settled when Ephesus was abandoned in the 15th century but most of what one sees today dates from the 19th century. There is a story that the village was settled by freed Greek slaves who named the village Çirkince (meaning "Ugly" in Turkish) to deter others from following them. The village's name was changed to Şirince (meaning "Pleasant") in 1926 by the governor of Izmir Province.
In the 1990s the well-known Istanbul linguist Sevan Nişanyan and his wife Müjde Tönbekici settled in Şirince, which had been semi-derelict since the 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey. They were instrumental in having the village declared a national heritage site, and they undertook to renovate ruined historic houses using the original materials and building techniques of the village.
Several of the renovated village houses were eventually converted into a highly acclaimed Hotel de Charme by the name of the Nisanyan Houses.
After 2006 Nișanyan collaborated with Ali Nesin, a prominent mathematician and philanthropist, in developing the Nesin Mathematics Village near Şirince. Constructed strictly along the lines of traditional Aegean rural architecture, the village offered summer courses in college-level and postgraduate mathematics. It attracted prominent lecturers from around the world, accommodating over 300 resident students by summer 2013.
Nisanyan also built Thethre Madrasa (in Turkish Tiyatro Medresesi), a theater institute and actors’ retreat in the manner of mediaeval Muslim seminaries. The Nisanyan Memorial Library was completed in 2013. A philosophy school became operative on the grounds of Mathematics Village in 2014.
Church of st. Mary Magdalene in Dukla is one of the most valuable Polish rococo churches.
It was built as a gothic one, around 1461, with a brick chancel and a wooden nave. When in 1738 there was a fire in the city, the nave burned down entirely, and the chancel became the basis for the reconstruction of the temple.
The owner of Dukla and the Grand Marshal of the Crown, Józef Wandalin Mniszech, the same one who donated the land for the Bernardine monastery, undertook it. The temple was given a baroque appearance, but another fire and the death of Józef Vandalin in 1747 interrupted the work. They were continued in 1764 by the son of the marshal, Jerzy August Mniszech, supported by his wife, Maria Amalia. It was then that the church's interior acquired a rococo interior and fittings that have survived to this day.
gorybezgranic.pttk.pl/en/295-gory-bez-granic-the-church-o...
National Trust Properties
Anglesey Abbey, Quy Road, Lode, Cambridge, CB25 9EJ
Anglesey Abbey
Built between 1100 and 1135AD on the remains of an Augustine Abbey. It was endowed as a priory in 1212 by Richard de Clare. It remained as a priory until 1536 when it was closed during the Dissolution of the Monasteries. The Priory was largely demolished and in 1595 it was rebuilt as a Jacobean-style house and owned by the Fowkes family. The house had quite a few occupants, notably Thomas Hobson (of Hobson’s choice), his son-in-law, Thomas Parker, a barrister. Samuel Shepheard, a Cambridge MP. Anglesey was not always a place of residence with these various owners, at one time it was leased out as a farm. When Thomas Parker died in 1647, Anglesea changed from Priory to Abbey.
The Reverend John Hailstone purchased the property in 1848 and carried out many renovations. He converted the monks’ day room into an entrance Hall. He then added a stable block, then a service wing and undertook a programme of plants many trees which are a great feature of the grounds. Cedars, Wellingtonia, Acer, Silver Lime and Weeping Elm are just a few of the trees found there. The Reverend stayed in residence until his death in 1877 and his widow sold it in 1877 to another Churchman, Reverend James George Clark. He with his family lived there until 1912.
In 1926 the abbey was sold to the brothers Broughton, Urban Huttleston and Henry Rogers, they were very keen on horse racing and they purchased it because of its proximity to Newmarket and their stud farm near to Bury St Edmunds.
More changes to the property were made, the work done by architect Sidney Parvin, who worked for Turner Lord of London. It was featured in the 1930 edition of Country Life. In 1934 Lode Mill was purchased, it is now used for grinding corn.
In 1966 on the death of Lord Fairhaven, the Abbey was left to the National Trust.
The gardens are well set out, there is a walled garden filled with many plants and wonderful borders of colour. There is a Dahlia and a Rose Garden also a Hyacinth and Narcissus Garden. There are many statues in the grounds which cover close to 100 acres or 400,000 m2. There is also a wonderful avenue of trees as well as Silver Birch avenue close to the entrance. There is a superb walk from the house to the Lode Mill, alongside the river. Excellent to see in Springtime. Hopefully this will open and be enjoyed again in the not too distant future.
A definite house and garden to enjoy.
Admiral Hotel is a hotel in central Copenhagen, Denmark, located on the waterfront between the mouth of the Nyhavn canal and the royal residence Amalienborg Palace. The building was originally two separate warehouses which were commissioned in 1781 for the newly chartered trading company, Østersøisk-Guineiske Handelskompagni which was established the same year and superseded by Pingel, Meyer, Prætorius & Co. The buildings were completed in 1787 to designs by engineering officer Ernst Peymann. They were taken over by the Crown in 1788 and then came into use as granaries. The two buildings were connected in 1885, creating the long building seen today. The building stored up to 30,000 barrels of grain.
The building was acquired by private investors in 1973 for redevelopment as a hotel. The architects Flemming Hertz and Ole Ramsgaard Thomsen undertook the conversion which was rewarded with an Nostra diploma from the European Union. The hotel opened its doors in January 1978 and was refurbished in 2004. (Wikipedia)
National Trust Properties
Anglesey Abbey, Quy Road, Lode, Cambridge, CB25 9EJ
Anglesey Abbey
Built between 1100 and 1135AD on the remains of an Augustine Abbey. It was endowed as a priory in 1212 by Richard de Clare. It remained as a priory until 1536 when it was closed during the Dissolution of the Monasteries. The Priory was largely demolished and in 1595 it was rebuilt as a Jacobean-style house and owned by the Fowkes family. The house had quite a few occupants, notably Thomas Hobson (of Hobson’s choice), his son-in-law, Thomas Parker, a barrister. Samuel Shepheard, a Cambridge MP. Anglesey was not always a place of residence with these various owners, at one time it was leased out as a farm. When Thomas Parker died in 1647, Anglesea changed from Priory to Abbey.
The Reverend John Hailstone purchased the property in 1848 and carried out many renovations. He converted the monks’ day room into an entrance Hall. He then added a stable block, then a service wing and undertook a programme of plants many trees which are a great feature of the grounds. Cedars, Wellingtonia, Acer, Silver Lime and Weeping Elm are just a few of the trees found there. The Reverend stayed in residence until his death in 1877 and his widow sold it in 1877 to another Churchman, Reverend James George Clark. He with hisIn 1926 the abbey was sold to the brothers Broughton, Urban Huttleston and Henry Rogers, they were very keen on horse racing and they purchased it because of its proximity to Newmarket and their stud farm near to Bury St Edmunds.
More changes to the property were made, the work done by architect Sidney Parvin, who worked for Turner Lord of London. It was featured in the 1930 edition of Country Life. In 1934 Lode Mill was purchased, it is now used for grinding corn.
In 1966 on the death of Lord Fairhaven, the Abbey was left to the National Trust.
The gardens are well set out, there is a walled garden filled with many plants and wonderful borders of colour. There is a Dahlia and a Rose Garden also a Hyacinth and Narcissus Garden. There are many statues in the grounds which cover close to 100 acres or 400,000 m2. There is also a wonderful avenue of trees as well as Silver Birch avenue close to the entrance. There is a superb walk from the house to the Lode Mill, alongside the river. Excellent to see in Springtime. Hopefully this will open and be enjoyed again in the not too distant future.
A definite house and garden to enjoy.
family lived there until 1912.
Silver Spitfire | Shuttleworth Collection "Around the World" Airshow - Old Warden Aerodrome
In 2019 the aircraft undertook a 22,138 NM journey around the world.
© Nicholas Thompson - All Rights Reserved
Amtrak Veterans tribute ACS64 642 leads Boston to Norfolk regional train 93 kicking up a squall of fresh powder as it whips west approaching MP 197 on Track 1 of Amtrak's New Haven Line. To learn all about the history of this location check out the lengthy caption with this old post: flic.kr/p/2i2mm9z
At right, partially obscured by the catenary poles and signal on Track 4 for BORO interlocking, is the old wooden tower that was known as SS165 in New Haven Railroad days. Allegedly constructed in 1898, it was relocated here when the NH undertook their massive grade separation project through town and built their two new stations between 1903 and 1906.
This tower also holds the distinction of being the last in service on the corridor in the state, not closing down until 1993. Amazingly it survives nearly three decades later despite regular reports of its imminent demise.
Attleboro, Massachusetts
Monday February 14, 2022
Half-timbered houses from the 15th century in the historic center of Strasbourg, France.
The neighborhood was damaged in its entirety during the Second World War, at the end of which the city undertook a policy of faithful reconstruction.
Explore 22/11/2024
Sumter National Forest, Westminster, South Carolina...I was really glad for the opportunity to get out and shoot today! The cloud cover worked out well for about seven hours and I visited four landmark waterfalls starting in Westminster and worked my way across over to Tamassee. I arrived here at the trailhead right when the sun hit the horizon. This series of waterfalls known as Brasstown Falls (actually in five prominent cascading sections) was one of the first I visited in 2017 when I seriously undertook waterfall photography, so it owns a special place in my heart.
The Plaza de toros de la Real Maestranza de Caballería de Sevilla is a 12,000-capacity bullring in Seville, Spain. During the annual Seville Fair in Seville, it is the site of one of the most well-known bullfighting festivals in the world. It is a part of the Real Maestranza de Caballería de Sevilla, a noble guild established for traditional cavalry training.
The ring itself is considered one of the city's most enjoyable tourist attractions and is certainly one of the most visited. As a stage for bullfighting, it is considered one of the world's most challenging environments because of its history, characteristics, and viewing public, which is considered one of the most unforgiving in all of bullfighting fandom.
Construction began in 1749 of a circular ring on Baratillo Hill to replace the rectangular bullring that was previously located there. In 1761, the construction began to incorporate ochavas (each ochava being equivalent to four arches). At this early stage, the construction supervisors were Francisco Sánchez de Aragón and Pedro y Vicente de San Martín. The inner facade of the plaza (called the Palco del Príncipe or Prince's Box) was completed in 1765. This 'box' consists of two parts: the access gate through which the successful bullfighters exit, and the theater box itself, which is reserved for the exclusive use of the Spanish Royal Family. The topmost part is composed of four arches over which is built a half-orange vault, whose topmost portion is covered by white and blue tiles. The sculptural group that concludes the composition is the work of the Portuguese sculptor Cayetano de Acosta. The Palco was built for the Infante de España, Felipe de Borbón, son of Felipe V and Isabel de Farnesio.
When Carlos III prohibited bullfighting celebrations in 1786, work on the sculptures was halted, even though only one-third of the plaza had been completed at the time. The old Palco de la Diputación (earlier called the Palco de Ganaderos or Herdsmen's Box) is also from this period and is situated over the toriles gate and in front of the Palco del Príncipe.
After 34 years the cover of the launching slips of half of the ring was finished, to the left and right of the Palco del Príncipe; being easily viewed from the cathedral and the Giralda it was reflected in a great number of stamps of the time. By 1868 the Palco de la Diputación was in such a lamentable state that Italian sculptor Augusto Franchy undertook the improvement himself, building a new area with a marble balustrade and the crest of the Real Maestranza de Caballería. The construction of five balconies to each side of the Palco de la Diputación was also added where the ring's clock is currently situated. The construction of the ring was completed in 1881; two thirds was constructed in stone, with the remainder in wood.
Between 1914 and 1915 the stone grandstands were redone in brick under the direction of Sevillian architect Aníbal González. All the rows were reconstructed with a smoother slope. Ten to twelve rows of shaded seating were constructed as well as fourteen rows in the sun and three rows of barrier. A row of armchairs were built in the superior part of the shaded area, in front of the theater boxes.
Dans la première moitié du XVIIe siècle, Christophe Perrot entreprend la construction d'une nouvelle demeure à La Malmaison, composée d'un corps de logis à deux niveaux, orienté Est-Ouest, flanqué au sud d'un pavillon plus élevé.
En 1686, Jacques-Honoré Barentin fait construire le pavillon nord du château, prolongé par une petite aile au toit mansardé, aile qui reçoit son pendant à l'extrémité sud.
Le château entre dans l'histoire de France pendant le Directoire, lorsque Joséphine de Beauharnais, épouse de Napoléon Bonaparte, l'achète le 21 avril 1799.
Napoléon Ier demande aux architectes Charles Percier et Pierre Fontaine de rénover et redécorer la bâtisse au goût du jour. Fontaine conçoit un grand projet de reconstruction du château ; ambition qui sera freinée par l'Empereur, préférant une simple rénovation.
Dès lors, le château devient la demeure principale de Joséphine. Après son divorce, elle y mène une vie désœuvrée sans Bonaparte, qui lui rend visite régulièrement. Elle y reçoit le tsar Alexandre Ier de Russie, le 28 mai 1814, la veille de sa mort. Elle est inhumée dans l'église Saint Pierre Saint Paul de Rueil-Malmaison.
Après la guerre de 1870, où l'armée prussienne saccage l'intérieur, une caserne est installée dans le château, propriété de l'État français.
Le château connaît alors successivement trois propriétaires, avant d'être acheté en 1895 par la famille Suchet d'Albuféra, qui le revend en 1896, avec un parc réduit à 6 hectares, à un riche mécène Daniel Iffla, dit Osiris.
L'intention d'Osiris est de rendre à la Malmaison sa splendeur, le château ayant souffert notamment de son occupation par l'armée prussienne. Il choisit pour cela l'architecte Pierre Humbert, célèbre dans toute l'Europe pour ses brillantes restaurations. Ce dernier parvient, au terme de longs travaux, à rendre à la demeure son aspect d'origine.
En 1904, trois ans avant sa mort, Osiris lègue la Malmaison avec la « collection napoléonienne » qu'il a constituée, à l'État français.
In the first half of the 17th century, Christophe Perrot undertook the construction of a new residence at La Malmaison, consisting of a two-storey main building, oriented East-West, flanked on the South by a higher pavilion.
In 1686, Jacques-Honoré Barentin had the northern pavilion of the château built, extended by a small wing with a mansard roof, which was joined at the southern end.
The château became part of French history during the Directoire period when Josephine de Beauharnais, wife of Napoleon Bonaparte, bought it on 21 April 1799.
Napoleon I asked the architects Charles Percier and Pierre Fontaine to renovate and redecorate the building in line with current trends. Fontaine conceived a major reconstruction project for the château, an ambition that was curbed by the Emperor, who preferred a simple renovation.
From then on, the castle became Josephine's main residence. After her divorce, she led an idle life there without Bonaparte, who visited her regularly. She received the Tsar Alexander I of Russia on 28 May 1814, the day before her death. She is buried in the church of Saint Pierre Saint Paul in Rueil-Malmaison.
After the 1870 war, when the Prussian army ransacked the interior, a barracks was installed in the castle, which became the property of the French state.
The castle then had three successive owners, before being bought in 1895 by the Suchet d'Albuféra family, who sold it in 1896, with a park reduced to 6 hectares, to a rich patron Daniel Iffla, known as Osiris.
Osiris' intention was to restore the splendour of Malmaison, as the château had suffered in particular from its occupation by the Prussian army. He chose the architect Pierre Humbert, famous throughout Europe for his brilliant restorations. After extensive work, he succeeded in restoring the house to its original appearance.
In 1904, three years before his death, Osiris bequeathed Malmaison, together with the "Napoleonic collection" he had built up, to the French state.
The Viking Age (793–1066 AD) was the period during the Middle Ages when Norsemen known as Vikings undertook large-scale raiding, colonizing, conquest, and trading throughout Europe, and reached North America.
It followed the Migration Period and the Germanic Iron Age.[7] The Viking Age applies not only to their homeland of Scandinavia, but to any place significantly settled by Scandinavians during the period.[3] The Scandinavians of the Viking Age are often referred to as Vikings as well as Norsemen, although few of them were Vikings in the technical sense.
Voyaging by sea from their homelands in Denmark, Norway and Sweden, the Norse people settled in the British Isles, Ireland, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, Normandy, the Baltic coast, and along the Dnieper and Volga trade routes in eastern Europe, where they were also known as Varangians. They also briefly settled in Newfoundland, becoming the first Europeans to reach North America. The Norse-Gaels, Normans, Rus' people, Faroese and Icelanders emerged from these Norse colonies.
The Vikings founded several kingdoms and earldoms in Europe: the kingdom of the Isles (Suðreyjar), Orkney (Norðreyjar), York (Jórvík) and the Danelaw (Danalǫg), Dublin (Dyflin), Normandy, and Kievan Rus' (Garðaríki). The Norse homelands were also unified into larger kingdoms during the Viking Age, and the short-lived North Sea Empire included large swathes of Scandinavia and Britain.
Several things drove this expansion. The Vikings were drawn by the growth of wealthy towns and monasteries overseas, and weak kingdoms. They may also have been pushed to leave their homeland by overpopulation, lack of good farmland, and political strife arising from the unification of Norway. The aggressive expansion of the Carolingian Empire and forced conversion of the neighboring Saxons to Christianity may also have been a factor.
Sailing innovations had allowed the Vikings to sail further and longer to begin with.
Information about the Viking Age is drawn largely from primary sources written by those the Vikings encountered, as well as archaeology, supplemented with secondary sources such as the Icelandic Sagas.
ENG: The Gothic "High Castle" of the bishops of Augsburg is situated on a hill above the old town of Füssen in the Allgäu. The large castle is considered one of the best preserved medieval fortresses in Bavaria. This was built sometime in the years around 1292, right next to the monastery Sankt Mang from the 8th century.
In the years from 1486 onwards, Bishop Frederick II of Zollern undertook an extensive rebuilding and extension of the castle, which determines the picture of the complex to this day and in the north wing there has been a gallery of the Bavarian State Paintings Collection since 1931, which can also be visited to this day.
GER: Das gotische „Hohe Schloss“ der Bischöfe von Augsburg liegt auf einem Hügel über der Altstadt von Füssen im Allgäu. Das große Burgschloss gilt als eine der am besten erhaltenen mittelalterlichen Burganlagen Bayerns. Diese entstand irgendwann in den Jahren rund um 1292, direkt neben dem Kloster Sankt Mang aus dem 8. Jahrhundert.
In den Jahren ab 1486 erfolgte unter Bischof Friedrich II. von Zollern ein umfangreicher Um- und Ausbau des Schlosses, der das Bild der Anlage bis heute bestimmt und im Nordflügel befindet sich seit 1931 eine Galerie der Bayerischen Staatsgemäldesammlung, die ebenfalls bis zum heutigen Tage zu besichtigen ist.
Evening's Reflections (Llandudno)
The town of Llandudno developed from Stone Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age settlements over many hundreds of years on the slopes of the limestone headland, known to seafarers as the Great Orme and to landsmen as the Creuddyn Peninsula. The origins in recorded history are with the Manor of Gogarth conveyed by King Edward I to Annan, Bishop of Bangor in 1284 The manor comprised three townships, Y Gogarth in the south-west, Y Cyngreawdr in the north (with the parish church of St Tudno) and Yr Wyddfid in the south-east.
In 1848, Owen Williams, an architect and surveyor from Liverpool, presented Lord Mostyn with plans to develop the marshlands behind Llandudno Bay as a holiday resort. These were enthusiastically pursued by Lord Mostyn. The influence of the Mostyn Estate and its agents over the years was paramount in the development of Llandudno, especially after the appointment of George Felton as surveyor and architect in 1857. Between 1857 and 1877 much of central Llandudno was developed under Felton's supervision. Felton also undertook architectural design work, including the design and execution of Holy Trinity Church in Mostyn Street.
Click the pic to view large!
I undertook another gentle trip recently - I went to north east Wales for a couple of days. While I was there I explored a couple of locations on the coast, including Talacre beach. I wasn't expecting much as there weren't really any clouds and the tide was a long way out, but after exploring the dunes, I found this composition. I haven't really photographed dunes and long grass before, so I was quite pleased with myself. And then a man came past walking his dog, and my repressed street photographer urges burst forth!
I love this image, it makes me smile every time I look at it. Is it allowed to have a blurry man in one's landscape shot? Or to have a lighthouse and long grass in one's street shot?
Having spent the last week travelling in National Parks and bushwalking, triangles have been in short supply. This monument was located near one of our campsites, and recognizes the work done in building a road from Sydney, over the Great Dividing Range, to the hinterland of New South Wales. This was a monumental task and the working party of 26 consisted of convicts who were promised their freedom once the work was complete. Remains of the road now form part of a bushwalk, which we undertook during our stay.
This photograph was taken in-camera by merging two exposures, one of the inscription and one of the top of monument.
Perché au sommet sur un rocher de basalte noir (Castle Rock) à l’emplacement même d’un ancien volcan, le château d’Édimbourg veille sur la ville depuis le moyen âge. Le début de construction de la forteresse remonterait au XIIe siècle, sur un site occupé par l’homme depuis l’âge du bronze (IIe siècle après J.-C.). Une histoire vieille de 3000 ans d'une occupation préhistorique à partir de l'Âge de Bronze aux premiers siècles de notre ère avec les Romains cohabitant avec la tribu celte des Votadini (ou Brythonic) dont les descendants construisirent un château-fort baptisé Din Eityn, qui deviendra finalement Édimbourg. C'est à cette époque, au 7ème siècle, que remonte la plus ancienne trace d’un château sur ce lieu. L’architecture de ses bâtiments en pierre rappelle l’histoire de la ville et ses transformations au fil des siècles. C’est le roi David Ier, au moment de son accession au trône du royaume d’Alba, qui introduit le féodalisme dans le pays et entreprend l’édification de plusieurs seigneuries. Le château d’Édimbourg devient une résidence royale et lieu de couronnement avant d’être utilisé comme caserne militaire. Au XIVe siècle, le château est marqué par de nombreux conflits dont des guerres d’indépendance écossaise contre les forces anglaises. Rebâti après la signature du traité de Berwick de 1357, le château d’Édimbourg est attaqué de nouveau deux siècles plus tard sous le commandement d’Olivier Cromwell en 1651 aboutissant à la formation du Commonwealth républicain d’Angleterre. À partir du début du XVIIe siècle, le site se transforme en prison et héberge une grande garnison de soldats. Le château aurait subi près d’une trentaine de sièges militaires dans son histoire, ce qui en fait un des sites fortifiés les plus assiégés du Royaume-Uni. L’un d’eux aboutit à l’incorporation du royaume d’Écosse dans le nouveau royaume de Grande-Bretagne en 1707 sous le règne de la reine Anne (dynastie des Stuarts). La forteresse abrite les joyaux de la couronne de l’Écosse (Honours of Scotland) et la Pierre du Destin (Stone of Destiny) symboles de l’antique royauté. La pierre de Scone est utilisée pour la cérémonie de couronnement des monarques écossais et anglais depuis plusieurs siècles. De nos jours, le château abrite toujours une garnison. Chaque jour, à treize heures précises, un coup de canon est tiré depuis les remparts dominant l'Esplanade où se déroule tous les ans en août le célèbre « Military Tattoo ».
Perched atop a black basalt rock (Castle Rock) on the very site of an ancient volcano, Edinburgh Castle has watched over the city since the Middle Ages. The beginning of construction of the fortress dates back to the 12th century, on a site occupied by man since the Bronze Age (2nd century AD). A 3000 year old story of prehistoric occupation from the Bronze Age to the first centuries of our era with the Romans cohabiting with the Celtic tribe of the Votadini (or Brythonic) whose descendants built a castle called Din Eityn , which would eventually become Edinburgh. It is at this time, in the 7th century, that the oldest trace of a castle dates back to this place. The architecture of its stone buildings recalls the history of the city and its transformations over the centuries. It was King David I, at the time of his accession to the throne of the Kingdom of Alba, who introduced feudalism to the country and undertook the construction of several seigniories. Edinburgh Castle became a royal residence and coronation site before being used as military barracks. In the 14th century, the castle was marked by numerous conflicts, including the wars of Scottish independence against English forces. Rebuilt after the signing of the Treaty of Berwick in 1357, Edinburgh Castle was attacked again two centuries later under the command of Oliver Cromwell in 1651 resulting in the formation of the Republican Commonwealth of England. From the beginning of the 17th century, the site was transformed into a prison and housed a large garrison of soldiers. The castle would have suffered nearly thirty military sieges in its history, making it one of the most besieged fortified sites in the United Kingdom. One of these resulted in the incorporation of the Kingdom of Scotland into the new Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 during the reign of Queen Anne (Stuart dynasty). The fortress houses the Crown Jewels of Scotland (Honours of Scotland) and the Stone of Destiny, symbols of ancient royalty. The Stone of Scone has been used for the coronation ceremony of Scottish and English monarchs for several centuries. Today, the castle still houses a garrison. Every day, at 1 p.m. sharp, a cannon shot is fired from the ramparts overlooking the Esplanade where the famous “Military Tattoo” takes place every year in August.
With the River Deben and Railway running within sight of each other for two miles towards Woodbridge, I enjoyed some wonderful views whilst out capturing the Engineering trains today.
The first recording of a tide mill on this site was a medieval mill in 1170; it is unknown how many mills have stood here, but probably three. The mill, which was operated by the local Augustinian priory in the Middle Ages, was acquired by Henry VIII during the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1536. It is possible that the Augustinians rebuilt the mill shortly before the dissolution. This mill and the former Woodbridge Priory was granted to Thomas Seckford by Elizabeth I. That mill passed through the hands of various private owners until it was rebuilt in the seventeenth century. This is the mill preserved today.
By the outbreak of World War II the mill was one of only a handful still operating. In 1957 it closed as the last commercially operating tide mill in Britain. In 1968 the derelict mill was purchased by Mrs Jean Gardner and a restoration programme was launched. It was opened to the public five years later in 1973. It is now managed by a charitable trust (Woodbridge Tide Mill Trust) staffed by volunteers, and in 2011 the trust undertook a further and more complete restoration and modernisation project, including a new water wheel and fully restored machinery, which allowed milling to begin again. It re-opened in 2012 and is now one of only two tide mills in the UK that regularly grinds wheat grain producing wholemeal flour for resale. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodbridge_Tide_Mill
The Viking Age (793–1066 AD) was the period during the Middle Ages when Norsemen known as Vikings undertook large-scale raiding, colonizing, conquest, and trading throughout Europe, and reached North America.
It followed the Migration Period and the Germanic Iron Age. The Viking Age applies not only to their homeland of Scandinavia, but to any place significantly settled by Scandinavians during the period.
The Scandinavians of the Viking Age are often referred to as Vikings as well as Norsemen, although few of them were Vikings in the technical sense.
Voyaging by sea from their homelands in Denmark, Norway and Sweden, the Norse people settled in the British Isles, Ireland, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, Normandy, the Baltic coast, and along the Dnieper and Volga trade routes in eastern Europe, where they were also known as Varangians. They also briefly settled in Newfoundland, becoming the first Europeans to reach North America. The Norse-Gaels, Normans, Rus' people, Faroese and Icelanders emerged from these Norse colonies. The Vikings founded several kingdoms and earldoms in Europe: the kingdom of the Isles (Suðreyjar), Orkney (Norðreyjar), York (Jórvík) and the Danelaw (Danalǫg), Dublin (Dyflin), Normandy, and Kievan Rus' (Garðaríki). The Norse homelands were also unified into larger kingdoms during the Viking Age, and the short-lived North Sea Empire included large swathes of Scandinavia and Britain. In 1021, the Vikings achieved the feat of reaching North America- the date of which was not specified until exactly a millennium later.
Several things drove this expansion. The Vikings were drawn by the growth of wealthy towns and monasteries overseas, and weak kingdoms. They may also have been pushed to leave their homeland by overpopulation, lack of good farmland, and political strife arising from the unification of Norway. The aggressive expansion of the Carolingian Empire and forced conversion of the neighboring Saxons to Christianity may also have been a factor.
Sailing innovations had allowed the Vikings to sail further and longer to begin with.
Information about the Viking Age is drawn largely from primary sources written by those the Vikings encountered, as well as archaeology, supplemented with secondary sources such as the Icelandic Sagas.
Discovery Point, Dundee
A.I.- Generated Article:
The RRS Discovery is a barque-rigged auxiliary steamship built in Dundee, Scotland for Antarctic research. Launched in 1901, she was the last traditional wooden three-masted ship to be built in the United Kingdom. Her first mission was the British National Antarctic Expedition, carrying Robert Falcon Scott and Ernest Shackleton on their first, and highly successful, journey to the Antarctic, known as the Discovery Expedition.
After service as a merchant ship before and during the First World War, Discovery was taken into the service of the British government in 1923 to carry out scientific research in the Southern Ocean, becoming the first Royal Research Ship. The ship undertook a two-year expedition – the Discovery Investigations – recording valuable information on the oceans, marine life and being the first scientific investigation into whale populations.
On her return from the BANZARE (British Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition), Discovery was moored in London as a static training ship and visitor attraction until 1979. That year she was placed in the care of the Maritime Trust as a museum ship. In 1986 she was moved to Dundee, the city where she was built. After an extensive restoration, Discovery is now the centrepiece of a visitor attraction in the city.
Zu Besuch in meiner Geburts- und Heimatstadt Annaberg-Buchholz, unternahm ich auch eine kleine Fotowanderung.
Hier zu sehen ... vom Pöhlberg Plateau aus mit dem Teleobjektiv auf die Bergstadt Annaberg-Buchholz und der Annenkirche geschaut.
Vor der Annenkirche die Stadt Annaberg. Über der Annenkirche der Ort Frohnau. Ganz oben links der Ort Dörfel.
Visiting my birthplace and hometown Annaberg-Buchholz, I also undertook a small photo hike.
Here to see ... from the Pöhlberg plateau with the telephoto lens looked at the mountain town Annaberg-Buchholz and the Annenkirche.
In front of the Annenkirche the town of Annaberg. Above the Annenkirche the village of Frohnau. At the top left, the village of Dörfel.
ALASKAN ICE FLOW
Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve is an American national park located in Southeast Alaska west of Juneau. President Calvin Coolidge proclaimed the area around Glacier Bay a national monument under the Antiquities Act on February 26, 1925. Subsequent to an expansion of the monument by President Jimmy Carter in 1978, the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA) enlarged the national monument by 523,000 acres (817.2 sq mi; 2,116.5 km2) on December 2, 1980, and created Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve. The national preserve encompasses 58,406 acres (91.3 sq mi; 236.4 km2) of public land to the immediate northwest of the park, protecting a portion of the Alsek River with its fish and wildlife habitats, while allowing sport hunting.
Glacier Bay became part of a binational UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979, and was inscribed as a Biosphere Reserve in 1986. The National Park Service undertook an obligation to work with Hoonah and Yakutat Tlingit Native American organizations in the management of the protected area in 1994. The park and preserve cover a total of 3,223,384 acres (5,037 sq mi; 13,045 km2), with 2,770,000 acres (4,328 sq mi; 11,210 km2) being designated as a wilderness area.
WIKIPEDIA
Thank-you for all the overwhelming support and many friendships.
Stay Healthy
~Christie
*Best experienced in full screen
© Darlene Bushue 2019
According to the Marble Colorado Historical Society, one of Marble’ most visible landmarks, the tower and its bell, stood and rang for nearly 65 years between 1912 and 1977 as part of the town’s fire alarm system. Twenty-five years after its demise, the Marble Historical Society undertook the reconstruction of an exact replica of the tower in its original location being completed 17 July 2010.
Have a great Tuesday!!! And as always, thanks for your comments. I still have a lot of catching up to do :-)
The world's first iron bridge was erected over the River Severn here in Shropshire in 1779. This pioneering structure marked a turning point in English design and engineering; after it was built, cast iron came to be widely used in the construction of bridges, aqueducts and buildings.
The Iron Bridge's story began in the early 18th century, in the nearby village of Coalbrookdale. Abraham Darby pioneered the smelting of iron using coke, a process that was a catalyst for the Industrial Revolution. It was Abraham Darby III who cast the ironwork for the bridge that still stands today, using the same techniques developed by his grandfather. The bridge was so successful that it gave its name to the spectacular wooded valley which surrounds it, now recognised as the Ironbridge Gorge World Heritage Site.
In 2017-18 English Heritage undertook a £3.6m conservation project on the Iron Bridge, to help safeguard the future of its historic ironwork.
Zu Besuch in meiner Geburts- und Heimatstadt Annaberg-Buchholz, unternahm ich auch eine kleine Fotowanderung.
Hier zu sehen von der Feldschlösschen Kreuzung mit dem Teleobjektiv in die Adam-Rieß-Straße in Richtung Annenkirche geschaut.
Visiting my birthplace and hometown Annaberg-Buchholz, I also undertook a small photo hike.
Here to see from the Feldschlösschen crossing with the telephoto lens in the Adam-Rieß-Straße in the direction of Annenkirche looked.
Pour Antoine Asaro ;)
L’Ile d’Or est l’un des soixante plus beaux sites de France. C'est une île privée de 200 m de long environ, située à l'est de Saint-Raphaël, à la pointe du cap Dramont.
C'est en 1897 que l'État avait mis en vente aux enchères le rocher appelé l'île d'Or. Un particulier, Monsieur Sergent en avait fait l'acquisition pour 280 francs ! Au cours d'une partie de cartes, le rocher revint au docteur Auguste Lutaud qui entreprit au début du XXe siècle d'y édifier une tour sarrazine. Il s'autoproclama en 1913 Auguste Ier, roi de l'île d'Or. Elle a été le théâtre de réceptions fastueuses auxquelles assistait l'aristocratie de l'époque.
En 1961, l'île fut vendue à Monsieur François Bureau, ancien officier de marine qui rénova la tour et l'habita jusqu'à son décès en 1994. L'Île appartient toujours à sa famille.
Cette île a été immortalisée par Hergé dans son album “L’Ile noire”.
L'Ile d'Or is one of the sixty most beautiful sites in France. It is a private island about 200 m long, located east of Saint-Raphaël, at the tip of Cape Dramont.
It was in 1897 that the State auctioned the rock called the Isle of Gold. An individual, Monsieur Sergent, had bought it for 280 francs! During a game of cards, the rock came back to Dr. Auguste Lutaud who undertook at the beginning of the twentieth century to build a tower Saracen. He proclaimed himself in 1913 August I, King of the Island of Gold. It was the scene of lavish receptions attended by the aristocracy of the time.
In 1961, the island was sold to Mr. François Bureau, a former naval officer who renovated the tower and lived until his death in 1994. The island still belongs to his family.
This island was immortalized by Hergé in his album "Black Island".
L'Ile d'Or es uno de los sesenta sitios más bellos de Francia. Es una isla privada de unos 200 m de longitud, ubicada al este de Saint-Raphaël, en la punta del cabo Dramont.
Fue en 1897 que el Estado subastó la roca llamada la Isla de Oro. ¡Un individuo, Monsieur Sergent, lo había comprado por 280 francos! Durante un juego de cartas, el rock regresó al Dr. Auguste Lutaud, quien se comprometió a principios del siglo XX para construir una torre sarracena. Se proclamó en 1913 agosto I, rey de la isla de oro. Fue el escenario de lujosas recepciones a las que asistió la aristocracia de la época.
En 1961, la isla fue vendida al Sr. François Bureau, un ex oficial de la marina que renovó la torre y vivió hasta su muerte en 1994. La isla todavía pertenece a su familia.
Esta isla fue inmortalizada por Hergé en su álbum "Black Island".
© All rights reserved Arnaud Chatelet. Please do not use this image on websites, blogs or any other media without my explicit written permission.
ЦРНО ЈЕЗЕРО, Дурмитор, ранo ујутру 23. IX 2016.
► █░▓ IF THERE IS ONE ICONIC IMAGE of Durmitor, then it is this one with Crno jezero lake (at 1420 m elevation) in the foreground and Međed (2287 m) in the background. This is probably the most photographed scenery in this whole mountain range. No wonder, as the majority of the visitors to mount Durmitor come here in the summer on dayly coach excursions from the Adriatic coast. Upon arrival at Žabljak the buses have to first work their way critically in-between the far too narrow streets, harassing the residents on the pavements and visitors of the adjacent café's. But once they reach the NP-tollgate some 2 km further up the road, they eventually have to park. The tourists there disembark the coaches 'en masse' and get to walk another 800 or 900 meters before they reach the shore of this lake. Most go no further and this is then everything they get to see of Durmitor. No time for the truly nice trail encircling these two lakes. A two-hour hike.
This year even a restaurant has opened at this point, breaching all the existing laws that on paper protect the environment of the National park. Particularly this special place is fragile - a rather precious gift from glacial times, ice ebb and tides.
The locals like to stroll around the lake against the dusk and the evening. Parties are returning from the hikes or climbs they undertook higher up. So the only quiet moment left for the inquisitive photographer is... early in the morning.
As always, it's not only the hour of divine serenity and peace, but also of some atmospheric wonders. You have to be there before the new day really sets in, before it enters each and every corner and drive these playful wisps away.
This image is made early in the morning, in a hurry. Most of the rolling mist had already escaped somewhere. I had yet to undertake a 3 km walk to the bus depot in 20 minutes to welcome a friend. Than this dog kept me. It was erratically strolling around, but not serving me ideally. Then suddenly, it left the bank and made more of a human move, stepping onto a stone in the water just to watch, for one short second. Luckily your reporter was ready to fire this shot but missed the ideal frame.
The camera nor the lens have the IS so I kept the aperture rather open. But ideally, I could have stopped down to f/4 and still retain a fast shutter speed of 1/1000 of a second.
This is an SOOC jpeg with minimal edit, I need to try it with the raw for a better result. Thank you for your visit!
Tattershall Castle is located on the edge of the village of Tattershall about 12 miles north east from the market town of Sleaford.
The site originally was occupied by a 13th century manor house, this was inherited by Ralph, the 3rd Baron Cromwell, in 1419. Upon becoming Lord Treasurer in 1434, he sought a residence that reflected his elevated status, commissioning the impressive, 110-foot-high Great Tower using over a million locally made bricks. The use of brick was a fashionable and expensive choice at the time, making the castle a trendsetter that later inspired architecture at places like Hampton Court Palace.
During the English Civil War in 1643, Royalist forces attacked the castle, leaving only the Great Tower intact. After 1693, the castle was abandoned and fell into disrepair, with its floors collapsing and the ground floor of the tower even being used as a cattle shed.
In 1910, the castle was sold to an American consortium, and its magnificent Gothic fireplaces were ripped out and prepared for shipping to the United States. The Reverend of the local Holy Trinity Church contacted Lord Curzon of Kedleston, a British statesman and conservationist, who bought the castle just in time, tracked down the fireplaces in London, and reinstated them.
Lord Curzon undertook extensive restoration work and, upon his death in 1925, bequeathed the castle to the National Trust, who have cared for it and opened it to the public ever since. The near-loss of Tattershall prompted the passing of the Ancient Monuments Consolidation and Amendment Act 1913, a pivotal piece of heritage protection legislation.
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Explore #63
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El Panteón de Agripa.- Roma
De: historia.nationalgeographic.com.es/a/templo-agripa-maravi...
El Panteón es una construcción única, y tal vez por ello se salvó de la demolición. Un edificio redondo que poseyó la mayor cúpula del mundo hasta el siglo XX, ni Brunelleschi en Florencia ni Miguel Ángel en el Vaticano se atrevieron a levantar una mayor. Su interior, una esfera perfecta, acoge la tumba de uno de los artistas más célebres de la historia, pero sobre todo destaca por la abertura que la corona, el óculo, por el que cada 21 de abril (aniversario del nacimiento de Roma) penetraba un haz de luz que se proyectaba sobre la figura del emperador que atravesaba la puerta de entrada produciendo un efecto mágico que le daba apariencia de divinidad.
Poco queda de la Roma imperial que los desastres naturales, el abandono o la acción del propio hombre no haya reducido a ruinas, majestuosas, pero ruinas al fin y al cabo. El Panteón de Agripa es una maravillosa excepción. A diferencia del Circo Máximo, el Coliseo o las grandes construcciones del Foro, cuyas ajadas piedras fueron "recicladas" desde la Edad Media para construir nuevas casas, iglesias y palacios, el Panteón de Agripa ha sobrevivido incólume hasta nuestros días, casi 2.000 años.
Un edificio compuesto
El Panteón que conocemos en la actualidad es en realidad la suma de dos edificios construidos para honrar al conjunto de los dioses romanos. El primer Panteón fue levantado en el año 27 a.C. y formaba parte de la transformación urbanística del Campo de Marte, entonces situado fuera de las murallas de Roma, emprendida por Marco Vipsanio Agripa, cónsul y yerno del emperador Augusto. Varios incendios y desastres naturales redujeron el edificio a ruinas y en el año 118 d.C., dutrante el reinado del emperador Adrianofue reconstruido por completo, respetando la entrada original. El templo estaba ubicado en un lugar de gran simbolismo para los romanos, ya que creían que allí había desaparecido Rómulo, el fundador de la ciudad y su primer rey, en medio de una gran tempestad, convirtiéndose acto seguido en un dios.
Una maravilla técnica
El espectacular remate del Panteón era la cúpula más grande jamás construida. Título que ostentó hasta el siglo XX. Mide 43,30 m de diámetro, está hecha de hormigón y se apoya sobre un muro cilíndrico o tambor. Solo 15 siglos más tarde, Filippo Brunelleschi se planteó una cúpula de dimensiones mayores, cuando acometió el cerramiento de la catedral gótica de Florencia, pero al final no pudo superarla, quedando la cúpula de Santa María del Fiore dos metros de diámetro por debajo.
Megaestructura
El principal material de construcción tanto del edificio como su cúpula es el hormigón. Tal vez sea esa la razón de que siga completamente en pie y haya sobrevivido a desastres naturales y expolios, salvo el mármol y bronce de puertas paredes y cúpula. Cómo aguantan las paredes el enorme peso que supone una coronación de este material es un misterio del que no tenemos todavía todas las respuestas. Según los últimos estudios, tanto la cúpula como el tambor que la soporta se construyó con materiales más ligeros a medida que se asciende en altura: hormigón con inclusiones de travertino, piedra caliza, ladrillo o fragmentos de caliza porosa más arriba, y, con piedra pómez, muy porosa, cerca del óculo. El tambor cuenta además con falsos arcos de descarga que la pérdida de revestimiento permiten observar en la actualidad.
Brillo perdido
En su tiempo la cúpula del Panteón estuvo cubierta de tejas de mármol y bronce que le daban un resplandeciente brillo. Está coronada por un inmenso óculo de casi nueve metros de diámetro por el que penetra la luz y que hizo que durante siglos el edificio no tuviera que ser iluminado artificialmente mientras brillaba el sol
El firmamento en la Tierra
El interior de la cúpula del Panteón simbolizaba la bóveda celeste, según el historiador Dion Casio. La parte inferior de la esfera representaría el mundo terrenal. La luz que filtraba el óculo debió de funcionar como un vínculo entre los dioses y los hombres y su reflejo en las paredes simbolizaría el sol y su trayecto por el cielo desde el alba hasta la puesta.
Los casetones
La bóveda está decorada con cinco hileras de 28 casetones cada una. Además de su función decorativa, tienen un papel estructural importante, ya que alivian el peso total de la cúpula.
Luz divina
El haz de luz del óculo tenía una importante función simbólica para el emperador. Según explica Dión Casio, Adriano solía reunirse con el Senado y los hombres más poderosos de Roma a tratar los asuntos más importantes en el Panteón "siempre sentado en una tribuna, de manera que fuese público cuanto se hacía". Si la tribuna imperial se situara en en el lugar que incidía el haz de luz del óculo la figura del emperador re revestiría de un aura divina, como centro del Imperio y del universo.
Natale di Roma
El cálculo era tan preciso que cada año, el día que se celebraba la fundación de la ciudad (il natale di Roma), el 21 de abril, el haz de luz iluminaba la monumental puerta de entrada. en el momento que seo ocurría, el emperador entraba en el templo poseído por un destello que resaltaba su naturaleza divina.
Antiinundaciones
Igual que los rayos de luz, la lluvia podía colarse por la abertura cenital de la cúpula. es por ello que el suelo del Panteón no es recto, sino mínimamente cóncavo para que el agua fluya hacia el canal de desagüe que se encuentra en todo el perímetro.
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The Pantheon of Agrippa - Rome
From: historia.nationalgeographic.com.es/a/templo-agripa-maravi...
+ google translator.
The Pantheon is a unique structure, which is perhaps why it was saved from demolition. A round building that had the largest dome in the world until the 20th century, neither Brunelleschi in Florence nor Michelangelo in the Vatican dared to build a larger one. Its interior, a perfect sphere, houses the tomb of one of history's most celebrated artists, but it stands out above all for the opening that crowns it, the oculus, through which a beam of light penetrated every April 21st (the anniversary of the birth of Rome) and was projected onto the figure of the emperor as he passed through the entrance, producing a magical effect that gave him the appearance of a divinity.
Little remains of Imperial Rome that natural disasters, neglect, or human action have not reduced to ruins—majestic, but ruins nonetheless. The Pantheon of Agrippa is a wonderful exception. Unlike the Circus Maximus, the Colosseum, or the great buildings of the Forum, whose worn stones were "recycled" since the Middle Ages to build new houses, churches, and palaces, the Pantheon of Agrippa has survived unscathed to this day, for almost 2,000 years. A Composite Building
The Pantheon we know today is actually the sum of two buildings constructed to honor the Roman gods. The first Pantheon was built in 27 BC and was part of the urban transformation of the Campus Martius, then located outside the walls of Rome, undertaken by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, consul and son-in-law of Emperor Augustus. Several fires and natural disasters reduced the building to ruins, and in 118 AD, during the reign of Emperor Hadrian, it was completely rebuilt, preserving the original entrance. The temple was located in a place of great symbolism for the Romans, as they believed that Romulus, the founder of the city and its first king, had disappeared there in the midst of a great storm, immediately transforming himself into a god.
A Technical Marvel
The spectacular top of the Pantheon was the largest dome ever built, a title it held until the 20th century. It measures 43.30 m in diameter, is made of concrete, and rests on a cylindrical wall or drum. Only 15 centuries later, Filippo Brunelleschi planned a larger dome when he undertook the enclosure of the Gothic cathedral of Florence, but in the end he was unable to surpass it, leaving the dome of Santa Maria del Fiore two meters in diameter below it.
Megastructure
The main construction material of both the building and its dome is concrete. Perhaps this is the reason why it is still completely standing and has survived natural disasters and looting, except for the marble and bronze of the doors, walls, and dome. How the walls support the enormous weight of a crown made of this material is a mystery to which we still do not have all the answers. According to the latest studies, both the dome and the drum that supports it were built with lighter materials as they rise in height: concrete with inclusions of travertine, limestone, brick, or fragments of porous limestone higher up, and with highly porous pumice near the oculus. The drum also has false relieving arches that can still be seen today due to the loss of their covering.
Lost Brilliance
The dome of the Pantheon was once covered with marble and bronze tiles that gave it a dazzling brilliance. It is crowned by an immense oculus, almost nine meters in diameter, through which light penetrates and which meant that for centuries the building did not need to be artificially illuminated while the sun was shining.
The Firmament on Earth
The interior of the Pantheon's dome symbolized the celestial vault, according to the historian Dio Cassius. The lower part of the sphere would represent the earthly world. The light filtered through the oculus must have served as a link between the gods and men, and its reflection on the walls symbolized the sun and its journey across the sky from dawn to sunset.
The Coffering
The vault is decorated with five rows of 28 cofferings each. In addition to their decorative function, they have an important structural role, as they relieve the overall weight of the dome.
Divine Light
The beam of light from the oculus had an important symbolic function for the emperor. According to Dio Cassius, Hadrian used to meet with the Senate and the most powerful men in Rome to discuss the most important matters in the Pantheon, "always seated on a tribune, so that everything that was done would be public." If the imperial tribune were located where the beam of light from the oculus fell, the figure of the emperor would be imbued with a divine aura.
#2461
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Dom Fernando II e Glória is a wooden-hulled, 50 gun frigate of the Portuguese Navy. She was launched in 1843 and made her maiden voyage in 1845.[2] Built at the shipyard of Daman in Portuguese India, it was Portugal's last sailing warship to be built and also the last ship that undertook the Carreira da Índia (India Run),[3] a regular military line that connected Portugal to its colonies in India since the beginning of the 16th century.
The ship remained in active service until 1878, when she made her last sea voyage, having travelled more than one hundred thousand miles, the equivalent of five circumnavigations of the world.
After long service it was almost destroyed by a fire in 1963 with the burned wooden-hull remaining beached at the mud-flats of the river Tagus for the next 29 years. Finally in 1990 the Portuguese Navy decided to restore her to her appearance in the 1850s. During the World Exhibition of 1998 the ship remained in Lisbon as a museum ship on the dependency of the Navy Museum, being classified as an Auxiliary Navy Unit (UAM 203). Since 2008, the ship lies on the southern margin of the Tagus river in Cacilhas, Almada.
Western Maryland Scenic Railroad 1309 is a compound articulated class "H-6" "Mallet" type steam locomotive with a 2-6-6-2 (Whyte notation) wheel arrangement. As the last steam locomotive built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1949, it was originally operated by the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) where it pulled coal trains until its retirement in 1956. In 1972, it was moved to the B&O Railroad Museum for static display until 2014, when it was purchased by the Western Maryland Scenic Railroad (WMSR), who undertook a multi-year effort to restore it to operating condition. The restoration was completed on December 31, 2020, and the locomotive entered tourist excursion service for the WMSR on December 17, 2021. This was the first time an articulated locomotive operated in the eastern United States since the retirement of Norfolk and Western 1218 in 1991. - source Wikipedia article on 1309
Visiting Potipot Island in Zambales province again 5 years after our first visit we noticed that the waters were even clearer than before. According to the people on the island, Potipot's management took social media comments seriously and undertook a serious cleanup of the island. It shows what can happen when people are serious about preserving the beauty of the environment.
Am 23. August 2024 ließ ich mich zu einem Ausflug ins Ostallgäu überreden. Ziel sollte sein, die orientrote 218 406 vor dem IC-Zugpaar 2084/85 zu fotografieren. Im Nachhinein bin ich sehr froh, die Tour unternommen zu haben, konnte dadurch doch unwissentlich eine der letzten Fahrten des "Nebelhorns" auf der Allgäubahn dokumentiert werden. Wenige Tage später verkehrte die Verbindung zum letzen Mal. Es trat beim Stellwerk in Oberstdorf ein gravierender Schaden auf, die Weichen zu den Abstellgleisen mit der Zugvorheiz-Anlage können nicht mehr angesteuert werden. Die Reparatur scheint so aufwändig zu sein, dass man lieber gleich das Fernzug-Angebot eingestellt und für 2025 gar nicht erst bestellt hat. Alternative Möglichkeiten zur Abstellung und zur Zugbehandlung gibt es im Allgäu ebenfalls keine mehr. Was wie ein Schildbürgerstreich klingt, ist leider symptomatisch für den Zustand der Deutschen Bahn. Am besagten 23. August 2024 kam die mustergültig in den Zustand der frühen Epoche V zurück versetzte 218 406 mit ihrem IC 2084 nach Hamburg Altona fast pünktlich die Günzacher Steige hinauf gefahren und konnte von mir bei Mittelberg aufgenommen werden. Die zwei Kühe ließen sich von der Durchfahrt des Zuges nicht irritieren - als hätten sie es geahnt, dass sie künftig beim Grasen ohnehin nur noch von Triebwagen der Baureihen 612 und 633 und mit viel Glück (aus Sicht eines Eisenbahnfreundes) durch einen Güterzug gestört würden.
On 23 August 2024, I was convinced to take a trip to the Ostallgäu. The aim was to photograph the Orient red 218 406 in front of the IC train pair 2084/85. In retrospect, I am very glad that I undertook the trip, as it enabled me to unknowingly document one of the last journeys of the ‘Nebelhorn’ on the Allgäu railway. A few days later, the train ran for the last time. There was serious damage to the control centre in Oberstdorf and the switchyard sidings to the tracks with the train pre-heating system could no longer be controlled. The repair seems to be so costly that the long-distance train service has been cancelled and not even ordered for 2025. There are also no alternative options for heating and train handling in the Allgäu region. What sounds like a prank is unfortunately symptomatic of the state of Deutsche Bahn. On 23 August 2024, 218 406, which had been perfectly restored to the condition of early Era V, drove up the Günzacher Steige almost punctually with its IC 2084 to Hamburg Altona and I was able to take a picture of it near Mittelberg. The two cows were unperturbed by the train's passage - as if they had guessed that in future they would only be disturbed while grazing by class 612 and 633 railcars and, with a lot of luck (from a railway enthusiast's point of view), by a freight train.
Castillo, Berlanga de Duero, Soria, Castilla y León, España.
El castillo de Berlanga de Duero se encuentra en la población del mismo nombre, pertenece a la provincia de Soria y fue construido entre los siglos XV, cuando tuvo la función de castillo señorial, y en el XVI cuando se transformó en una fortaleza artillera. Con anterioridad, en los siglos X y XI, hubo una fortaleza musulmana que, en el XII, tras la conquista castellana, se amplió con el cinturón exterior amurallado que se conserva.
Bordeada por el río Escalote y abrazada por el Duero, se corona por la imponente silueta del castillo que la vigila desde el Coborrón. El conjunto monumental está formado por los restos de la fortaleza tardomedieval (siglo XV), la fortaleza artillera de época renacentista (siglo XVI), la muralla que ciñe el cerro en su base (siglo XII) y el Palacio de los Duques de Frías (siglo XVI).
El conjunto se inició entre los años 1460 y 1480 por encargo de D. Luis Tovar y doña María de Guzmán, que ordenaronn levantar el casillo señorial, para servir de fortaleza defensiva y residencia familiar, sobre un castillo anterior situado en lo alto del cerro, donde se localizaba la primitiva villa de Berlanga protegida por la muralla situada a los pies del cerro.
En el año 1512 se proyectó y comenzó a ejecutar el nuevo castillo, configurado como una fortaleza artillera, con fines militares. Esta nueva fortaleza se adaptó tanto a la topografía abrupta del terreno como a la construcción anterior (el castillo medieval señorial).
En el programa constructivo de los linajes Tovar y de los Duques de Frías se encontraba además la erección del palacio en el recinto interior de la muralla del siglo XII, adaptado a los nuevos modos de vida. Este palacio y sus jardines intramuros estructurados en diversos niveles sufrieron, en 1811, un incendio y una destrucción por parte de las tropas napoleónicas, por lo que en la actualidad solo se conserva su fachada principal.
Durante los años 2004-2005 se acometió por parte de la Junta de Castilla y León un Plan Director, un conjunto de planes y actuaciones orientadas a la mejor conservación, protección y revitalización de este rico patrimonio. Se incluyen estudios de investigación, consolidación y restauración de los restos del monumento o actuaciones en el entorno.
El castillo señorial (siglo XV) presenta planta rectangular, en la que destaca el cubo de planta circular, en el ángulo sur, y la torre del homenaje en el lado opuesto. En el interior, dos patios articulan el espacio: uno, a la entrada, más sencillo, funcionó como patio de armas; y el otro, se planteó como patio palacial porticado, con columnas góticas, tiene en el centro un aljibe con una conducción que lleva al depósito de agua.
A partir del castillo señorial medieval, en el siglo XVI se construyó la fortaleza artillera. Tiene planta rectangular con pontentes cubos en cada ángulo, orientados a los puntos cardinales, los dos delanteros albergan sendas casamatas para instalar la artillería de la fortaleza. Los muros, levantados con piedra de sillería de calidad, tienen cinco metros de espesor y se rematan con un parapeto inclinado para desviar los impactos de artillería.
The castle of Berlanga de Duero is located in the town of the same name, belongs to the province of Soria and was built between the fifteenth century, when it served as a stately castle, and the sixteenth when it was transformed into an artillery fortress. Previously, in the 10th and 11th centuries, there was a Muslim fortress that, in the 12th century, after the Castilian conquest, was extended with the outer walled belt that remains.
Bordered by the River Escalote and embraced by the Duero, it is crowned by the imposing silhouette of the castle that watches over it from the Coborrón. The monumental complex is made up of the remains of the late medieval fortress (15th century), the artillery fortress from the Renaissance period (16th century), the wall that surrounds the hill at its base (12th century) and the Palace of the Dukes of Frías ( century XVI).
The complex began between 1460 and 1480 by order of D. Luis Tovar and Doña María de Guzmán, who ordered the building of the stately castle, to serve as a defensive fortress and family residence, on top of a previous castle located on top of the hill. where the primitive town of Berlanga was located, protected by the wall located at the foot of the hill.
In the year 1512 the new castle was projected and began to be executed, configured as an artillery fortress, for military purposes. This new fortress was adapted both to the steep topography of the land and to the previous construction (the stately medieval castle).
In the construction program of the Tovar lineages and the Dukes of Frías was also the erection of the palace in the inner enclosure of the 12th century wall, adapted to the new ways of life. This palace and its intramural gardens structured on various levels suffered, in 1811, a fire and destruction by Napoleonic troops, so that today only its main façade remains.
During the years 2004-2005, the Junta de Castilla y León undertook a Master Plan, a set of plans and actions aimed at the best conservation, protection and revitalization of this rich heritage. Research studies, consolidation and restoration of the remains of the monument or actions in the environment are included.
The stately castle (15th century) has a rectangular floor plan, in which the circular cube in the southern corner stands out, and the homage tower on the opposite side. Inside, two patios articulate the space: one, at the entrance, simpler, functioned as a parade ground; and the other, designed as a porticoed palatial courtyard, with Gothic columns, has a cistern in the center with a conduit that leads to the water tank.
Starting from the medieval stately castle, the artillery fortress was built in the 16th century. It has a rectangular floor plan with powerful cubes at each angle, oriented to the cardinal points, the two front ones house casemates to install the fortress's artillery. The walls, raised with quality ashlar masonry stone, are five meters thick and are finished off with a sloping parapet to deflect artillery impacts.
Am 15.06.2017 unternahm 247 903, eine der vier von DB Cargo angemieteten Vectron DE Lokomotiven, eine Testfahrt mit schwerem Kesselzug zum Tanklager Rhäsa. Da der Leerzug vom Vortag noch nicht fertig entladen war fuhr die Lok leider als Lokzug zurück nach Dresden. Hier rollt die Lok gerade in den Bahnhof Nossen ein, welcher noch mit alter Signaltechnik ausgestettet ist. Rechts steht eine ex DR V100 von WFL.
On June 15, 2017, 247 903, one of the four Vectron DE locomotives rented by DB Cargo, undertook a test drive with a heavy tank train to the Rhäsa tank farm. Since the empty train from the previous day was not yet completely unloaded, the locomotive unfortunately drove back to Dresden as a locomotive train. Here the locomotive is rolling into Nossen station. On the right is an ex DR V100 from WFL.
Copyright 2024 john bleakley photography. All rights reserved. All images protected by Pixy. No unauthorised use.
First outing for this long exposure image from a couple of years ago, a marvellous TOG excursion to the Grassington Lead mines with 3 Flickr stalwarts, Brad, Mike and Terry, and the ever loyal Barb, Brad's other half.
The clouds race past the chimney on Grassington Moor as a monument among the remnants of the lead mines that scar the area.
"The cupola lead smelt mill built was by the Duke of Devonshire to serve the lead mines on Grassington Moor in 1792.
Prior to that the monks of Fountains Abbey started lead mining on Grassington Moor over 500 years ago.
More recently, in the 18th century the Duke of Devonshire took on a more active role. As a result the mine workings grew substantially. However by the late 19th century production had all but ceased and the mine was closed.
At the height of production the smelt mill contained two coal-fired reverberatory (‘cupola’) furnaces, a roasting furnace and a slag hearth. Late in 1825 or early 1826, a third furnace was added. No.1 furnace was shut down at the end of August 1830. The remaining pair were still called No.2 and No.3, however, until at least 1855.
The mill is associated with an elaborate flue – nearly 1,600 metres long – with two condensers in its course, terminating in an 18 metres high chimney. The chimney was saved by the Earby Mines Research Group which undertook major repairs to it in 1966 and 1971.
The extended flue was built in the 1850s in order to collect lead from the waste gases called ‘fume’ drawn off the furnaces. The lead condensed out on the sides of the flue and on brushwood loaded into the two condensers along its course." © The Yorkshire Post
In early 1990, Burlington Northern undertook a major project to install concrete ties in the Columbia River Gorge. Several BN trains detoured on Union Pacific during the work.
Here, an eastbound BN detour train is taking the connecting track from the UP to the Oregon Trunk. Once it gets on the OT, it will back up across the Columbia River and continue east on home rail.
Note that the middle unit is a very rare B32-8 - only three were built for BN, and 49 in total.
End of the road: arrival at the most westerly point on the British mainland by the Ardnamurchan lighthouse. For people who live in city apartments and flats and look out of their windows into their neighbour's windows, this is a wild and naked world far from what they are accustomed to. Even in heavy rain, the journey is an experience they enjoy and are glad they undertook.
Taken from the castle walls of Fougeres.
Built in the 11th century by the lords of Fougères, the first fortification, defended by Raoul II (1130–1194), was taken by Henry II of England in 1166 and destroyed. Raoul II stubbornly rebuilt a more imposing structure and it became a stronghold defending the borders of Brittany from Mont Saint-Michel to Nantes. However, the geographical position and the interests of the lords of Fougères often tipped in favour of the Kingdom of France. When Raoul III offered its possession to Louis IX of France, the Breton prince Pierre Mauclerc captured the city in 1231, which was re-captured by the king. The daughter of Raoul III, Jeanne de Fougères, who married Hugh XII of Lusignan, undertook new fortification work and beautified the city. The end of the 13th century was a period of peace and prosperity for Fougères.
The castle is one of the most impressive French castles, occupying an area of 2 hectares (4.9 acres), or even for some "the largest medieval fortress of Europe." It consists of three enclosures whose walls have been preserved. Although the seigniorial is ruined, the thirteen towers still rise with majesty. Some of these towers can be visited (the Hallay Tower and Tower of the Hague (12th century), Raoul Tower (15th century) and the Mélusine Tower, erected in 1242 by Hugues of Lusignan). At the entrance, is a triple watermill. Access to the west curtain wall allows observation of the upper town
Cusco or Cuzco is a city in southeastern Peru, near the Urubamba Valley (Sacred Valley) of the Andes mountain range. The city has a population of 348,935 . Located on the eastern end of the Knot of Cusco, its altitude is around 3,300 m. Cusco is the historic capital of the Inca Empire and was declared a World Heritage Site in 1983 by UNESCO. It is a major tourist destination and receives almost a million visitors a year. It is designated as the Historical Capital of Peru by the Constitution of Peru.
Cusco was the capital of the Inca Empire (1200s-1532). Many believe that the city was planned to be shaped like a puma.
The city fell to the sphere of Huáscar in the division of the empire after the death of Huayna Capac in 1527. It was captured by the generals of Atahualpa in April 1532 in the Battle of Quipaipan, and nineteen months later by the Spaniards .
The first Spaniards arrived in the city on November 15, 1533. Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro officially discovered Cusco on March 23, 1534, naming it the "Very noble and great city of Cusco". The many buildings constructed after the Spanish conquest are of Spanish influence with a mix of Inca architecture, including the Santa Clara and San Blas barrios. The Spanish undertook the construction of a new city on the foundations of the old Inca city, replacing temples with churches and palaces with mansions for the conquerors. During the colony, Cusco was very prosperous thanks to the agriculture, cattle raising, mining as well as the trade with Spain. This allowed the construction of many churches and convents, and even a cathedral, university and Archbishopric. Often, Spanish buildings were juxtaposed atop the massive stone walls built by the Inca.
in Explore 2023-01-01 (#498)
The Old Mill (Le Vieux-Moulin, in French) in the commune of Vernon, in northern France, is a 16th century flour mill constructed on top of an ancient bridge that once spanned the Seine River. Originally the bridge had five mills that ground corn grown in the nearby Vexin Plateau. The underside of the mills were equipped with a waterwheel that could be lowered or raised depending on the water level. The bridge is mostly gone now —only a couple of piers remain standing. The Old Mill, the last remaining flour mill, straddles across the two extreme piers of the bridge on the right bank of the Seine.
The stone bridge was built in the 12th century by King Philip II, also known as Philippe Auguste, so that he could move his troops easily. King Philip was at war with English king, Richard I who reigned over the western half of France. The bridge was protected by a bridgehead on the bank —a simple square structure flanked by four 20-meter high towers, and surrounded by a moat and linked to the stone bridge by a wooden drawbridge.
Luckily for the townsfolk of Vernon, before the little fortress could get involved in warfare, the whole of Normandy become French in 1204 and war withdrew from the district for a century and a half. Having lost its military importance, King Philip sold the rights to set up watermills and fisheries on the bridge. Soon five mills were built, two on the right bank, including the one that can still be seen today, and three on the other side.
Neither the local authorities nor the royal family, however, were not up to the task of bridge maintenance. In 1651, floods swept away some of the piers and the supporting arches collapsed, rendering the bridge useless. Instead of repairing the bridge, ferries were put into service to transport people across the river. Vernon didn’t get another bridge until more than two hundred years later in 1860, when a new stone bridge was built a few tens of meters upstream. Ten years later it was blown to bits during the Franco-Prussian War, was rebuilt and then blown again in 1940, and yet again in 1944, during the Second World War.
The old mill was also damaged by the bombings of 1940 and 1944, and was about to fall into the Seine River when the city of Vernon undertook its salvage. The old mill is now restored and is a symbol of Vernon.
Zu Besuch in meiner Geburts- und Heimatstadt Annaberg-Buchholz, unternahm ich auch eine kleine Fotowanderung.
Hier zu sehen von der Feldschlösschen Kreuzung mit dem Teleobjektiv in die Adam-Rieß-Straße in Richtung Annenkirche geschaut.
Visiting my birthplace and hometown Annaberg-Buchholz, I also undertook a small photo hike.
Here to see from the Feldschlösschen crossing with the telephoto lens in the Adam-Rieß-Straße in the direction of Annenkirche looked.
Llandudno Bay and the North Shore, Llandudno, North Wales.
Llandudno Bay and the North Shore Coordinates... 53°19′21″N 3°49′30″W
Llandudno Bay and the North Shore,
For most of the length of Llandudno's North Shore there is a wide curving Victorian promenade. The road, collectively known as The Parade, has a different name for each block and it is on these parades and crescents that many of Llandudno's hotels are built. The North Wales Theatre, Arena and Conference Centre, built in 1994, and extended in 2006 and renamed "Venue Cymru" is located near the centre of the bay.
By 1847 the town had grown to a thousand people, served by the new church of St George, built in 1840. The great majority of the men worked in the copper mines, with others employed in fishing and subsistence agriculture.
In 1848, Owen Williams, an architect and surveyor from Liverpool, presented Lord Mostyn with plans to develop the marshlands behind Llandudno Bay as a holiday resort. These were enthusiastically pursued by Lord Mostyn. The influence of the Mostyn Estate and its agents over the years was paramount in the development of Llandudno, especially after the appointment of George Felton as surveyor and architect in 1857. Between 1857 and 1877 much of central Llandudno was developed under Felton's supervision. Felton also undertook architectural design work, including the design and execution of Holy Trinity Church in Mostyn Street.
Happy New Year ❤️
Click the pic to Explore ❤️
Zu Besuch in meiner Geburts- und Heimatstadt Annaberg-Buchholz, unternahm ich auch eine kleine Fotowanderung.
Hier zu sehen ... vom Pöhlberg Plateau aus mit dem Teleobjektiv auf die Bergstadt Annaberg-Buchholz und der Annenkirche geschaut.
Rechts im Bild die Stadt Annaberg und links die Stadt Buchholz.
Vor der Annenkirche die Stadt Annaberg. Über der Annenkirche der Ort Frohnau. Ganz oben links der Ort Dörfel.
_______________________________________
Visiting my birthplace and hometown Annaberg-Buchholz, I also undertook a small photo hike.
Here to see ... from the Pöhlberg plateau with the telephoto lens looked at the mountain town Annaberg-Buchholz and the Annenkirche.
In front of the Annenkirche the town of Annaberg. Above the Annenkirche the village of Frohnau. At the top left, the village of Dörfel.
Castillo, Berlanga de Duero, Soria, Castilla y León, España.
El castillo de Berlanga de Duero se encuentra en la población del mismo nombre, pertenece a la provincia de Soria y fue construido entre los siglos XV, cuando tuvo la función de castillo señorial, y en el XVI cuando se transformó en una fortaleza artillera. Con anterioridad, en los siglos X y XI, hubo una fortaleza musulmana que, en el XII, tras la conquista castellana, se amplió con el cinturón exterior amurallado que se conserva.
Bordeada por el río Escalote y abrazada por el Duero, se corona por la imponente silueta del castillo que la vigila desde el Coborrón. El conjunto monumental está formado por los restos de la fortaleza tardomedieval (siglo XV), la fortaleza artillera de época renacentista (siglo XVI), la muralla que ciñe el cerro en su base (siglo XII) y el Palacio de los Duques de Frías (siglo XVI).
El conjunto se inició entre los años 1460 y 1480 por encargo de D. Luis Tovar y doña María de Guzmán, que ordenaronn levantar el casillo señorial, para servir de fortaleza defensiva y residencia familiar, sobre un castillo anterior situado en lo alto del cerro, donde se localizaba la primitiva villa de Berlanga protegida por la muralla situada a los pies del cerro.
En el año 1512 se proyectó y comenzó a ejecutar el nuevo castillo, configurado como una fortaleza artillera, con fines militares. Esta nueva fortaleza se adaptó tanto a la topografía abrupta del terreno como a la construcción anterior (el castillo medieval señorial).
En el programa constructivo de los linajes Tovar y de los Duques de Frías se encontraba además la erección del palacio en el recinto interior de la muralla del siglo XII, adaptado a los nuevos modos de vida. Este palacio y sus jardines intramuros estructurados en diversos niveles sufrieron, en 1811, un incendio y una destrucción por parte de las tropas napoleónicas, por lo que en la actualidad solo se conserva su fachada principal.
Durante los años 2004-2005 se acometió por parte de la Junta de Castilla y León un Plan Director, un conjunto de planes y actuaciones orientadas a la mejor conservación, protección y revitalización de este rico patrimonio. Se incluyen estudios de investigación, consolidación y restauración de los restos del monumento o actuaciones en el entorno.
El castillo señorial (siglo XV) presenta planta rectangular, en la que destaca el cubo de planta circular, en el ángulo sur, y la torre del homenaje en el lado opuesto. En el interior, dos patios articulan el espacio: uno, a la entrada, más sencillo, funcionó como patio de armas; y el otro, se planteó como patio palacial porticado, con columnas góticas, tiene en el centro un aljibe con una conducción que lleva al depósito de agua.
A partir del castillo señorial medieval, en el siglo XVI se construyó la fortaleza artillera. Tiene planta rectangular con pontentes cubos en cada ángulo, orientados a los puntos cardinales, los dos delanteros albergan sendas casamatas para instalar la artillería de la fortaleza. Los muros, levantados con piedra de sillería de calidad, tienen cinco metros de espesor y se rematan con un parapeto inclinado para desviar los impactos de artillería.
The castle of Berlanga de Duero is located in the town of the same name, belongs to the province of Soria and was built between the fifteenth century, when it served as a stately castle, and the sixteenth when it was transformed into an artillery fortress. Previously, in the 10th and 11th centuries, there was a Muslim fortress that, in the 12th century, after the Castilian conquest, was extended with the outer walled belt that remains.
Bordered by the River Escalote and embraced by the Duero, it is crowned by the imposing silhouette of the castle that watches over it from the Coborrón. The monumental complex is made up of the remains of the late medieval fortress (15th century), the artillery fortress from the Renaissance period (16th century), the wall that surrounds the hill at its base (12th century) and the Palace of the Dukes of Frías ( century XVI).
The complex began between 1460 and 1480 by order of D. Luis Tovar and Doña María de Guzmán, who ordered the building of the stately castle, to serve as a defensive fortress and family residence, on top of a previous castle located on top of the hill. where the primitive town of Berlanga was located, protected by the wall located at the foot of the hill.
In the year 1512 the new castle was projected and began to be executed, configured as an artillery fortress, for military purposes. This new fortress was adapted both to the steep topography of the land and to the previous construction (the stately medieval castle).
In the construction program of the Tovar lineages and the Dukes of Frías was also the erection of the palace in the inner enclosure of the 12th century wall, adapted to the new ways of life. This palace and its intramural gardens structured on various levels suffered, in 1811, a fire and destruction by Napoleonic troops, so that today only its main façade remains.
During the years 2004-2005, the Junta de Castilla y León undertook a Master Plan, a set of plans and actions aimed at the best conservation, protection and revitalization of this rich heritage. Research studies, consolidation and restoration of the remains of the monument or actions in the environment are included.
The stately castle (15th century) has a rectangular floor plan, in which the circular cube in the southern corner stands out, and the homage tower on the opposite side. Inside, two patios articulate the space: one, at the entrance, simpler, functioned as a parade ground; and the other, designed as a porticoed palatial courtyard, with Gothic columns, has a cistern in the center with a conduit that leads to the water tank.
Starting from the medieval stately castle, the artillery fortress was built in the 16th century. It has a rectangular floor plan with powerful cubes at each angle, oriented to the cardinal points, the two front ones house casemates to install the fortress's artillery. The walls, raised with quality ashlar masonry stone, are five meters thick and are finished off with a sloping parapet to deflect artillery impacts.
GWR King Class 6023 King Edward 11. The Great Western Society at Didcot painstakingly undertook a major restoration of the locomotive which was finally completed after 31 years of hard work. This photo was taken 3 months after its completion.
Ces thermes sont en réalité les troisièmes construits dans la ville de Spa.
Cet imposant bâtiment comprenant deux étages est construit dans un style néo-Renaissance française sur les plans de l’architecte Léon Suys.
À l'origine, cet établissement comptait 52 cabines de bains avec 54 baignoires, 2 salles de grandes douches à forte pression, 2 grandes salles de douches ordinaires et hydrothérapiques avec bassin d’immersion, 2 salles d’hydrothérapie proprement dite, 2 salles pour douches en cercle, douches de siège et pour bains de pieds à eau courante ainsi que 2 plongeons. Par la suite, de nombreuses modifications ont été opérées dans un souci de modernisation de l'établissement.
Charles-Henri Thorelle fut chargé de la taille et de la sculpture des pierres de France. Les statues de la façade et des côtés sont les œuvres de Jacques Van Omberg et des frères Van Den Kerkhove. Le vestibule d'entrée et les salons de repos ont été décorés par le peintre Carpey.
Un premier établissement public de bains avait été érigé en 1828 sur l'actuelle place de l'hôtel de ville.
En 1841, un deuxième établissement fut construit Place Royale, à l’emplacement de l’ancien hôtel des Tuileries et de l’ancienne maison du tourisme situé au bout de la galerie Léopold II, à l’entrée du parc de Sept Heures. Une moyenne de 6 000 bains par an y était donnée.
Sous l'impulsion du bourgmestre Servais, les troisièmes thermes sont inaugurés le 15 août 1868 sur les prairies Lezaack. Il s'agit d'un ensemble hydrothérapique de première classe qui coûta la somme très importante pour l'époque d'1 500 000 de francs belges. Ces thermes accueillirent jusqu'à 167 182 opérations thermales par an (en 1967).
Après 135 années de fonctionnement, ces thermes ferment leurs portes en 2003.
Il aura fallu du temps, de la patience et plusieurs dizaines de millions mais le cœur de Spa revit. Le cœur, ce sont les anciens thermes de la ville. Ils deviennent l’hôtel des Bains.
Entamé en 2009, le processus de restauration et de transformation de cet édifice que l’on doit à Johan Suys est achevé. Inscrit au patrimoine mondial de l’Unesco, classé, il a séduit le groupe Denys qui s'est chargé de la restauration.
These thermal baths are actually the third to have been built in the town of Spa.
This imposing two-story building was constructed in the French Neo-Renaissance style, based on plans by the architect Léon Suys.
Originally, the establishment comprised 52 bathing cabins with 54 bathtubs, two rooms with large, high-pressure showers, two large rooms with standard and hydrotherapy showers and immersion pools, two hydrotherapy rooms, two rooms for circular showers, sitz showers, and foot baths with running water, as well as two diving pools. Subsequently, numerous modifications were made to modernize the facility. Charles-Henri Thorelle was responsible for cutting and sculpting the French stone. The statues on the facade and sides are the work of Jacques Van Omberg and the Van Den Kerkhove brothers. The entrance hall and relaxation rooms were decorated by the painter Carpey. The first public bathhouse was built in 1828 on what is now the Place de l'Hôtel de Ville (Town Hall Square).
In 1841, a second bathhouse was built on the Place Royale, on the site of the former Tuileries Palace and the former tourist information center located at the end of the Galerie Léopold II, at the entrance to the Parc de Sept Heures (Seven O'Clock Park). An average of 6,000 baths were administered there annually.
Under the impetus of Mayor Servais, the third bathhouse was inaugurated on August 15, 1868, on the Lezaack meadows. This first-class hydrotherapy complex cost the considerable sum, for the time, of 1,500,000 Belgian francs. These bathhouses hosted up to 167,182 spa treatments per year (in 1967).
After 135 years of operation, these thermal baths closed their doors in 2003. It took time, patience, and tens of millions of euros, but the heart of Spa has been reborn. The heart of Spa is the town's former thermal baths, now transformed into the Hôtel des Bains. Begun in 2009, the restoration and transformation of this building, designed by Johan Suys, is now complete. A UNESCO World Heritage Site, it attracted the Denys Group, which undertook the restoration.
Western Maryland Scenic Railroad 1309 is a compound articulated class "H-6" "Mallet" type steam locomotive with a 2-6-6-2 (Whyte notation) wheel arrangement. As the last steam locomotive built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1949, it was originally operated by the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) where it pulled coal trains until its retirement in 1956. In 1972, it was moved to the B&O Railroad Museum for static display until 2014, when it was purchased by the Western Maryland Scenic Railroad (WMSR), who undertook a multi-year effort to restore it to operating condition. The restoration was completed on December 31, 2020, and the locomotive entered tourist excursion service for the WMSR on December 17, 2021. This was the first time an articulated locomotive operated in the eastern United States since the retirement of Norfolk and Western 1218 in 1991. - source Wikipedia article on 1309