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Turf bank where people used to (and still do) dig turf for peat fires. These banks can still be seen not far from where I live ....
What are retaining walls?
Retaining walls in Colorado are structures designed to restrain soil to unnatural slopes. They are used to bound soils between two different elevations often in areas of terrain possessing undesirable slopes or in areas where the landscape needs to be shaped severely and engineered for more specific purposes like hillside farming or roadway overpasses. Retaining walls prevent downslope movement or erosion and provide support for vertical or near-vertical grade changes. Retaining walls are generally made of masonry, stone, brick, concrete, vinyl, steel, or timber.
The most important consideration in proper design and installation of retaining walls is that the retained material is attempting to move forward and down slope due to gravity. This creates a lateral earth pressure behind the wall which depends on the angle of internal friction (phi) and the cohesive strength (c) of the retained material, as well as, the direction and magnitude of movement and retaining structure undergoes. Lateral earth pressures are typically smallest at the top of the wall and increase toward the bottom. Earth’s pressures will push the wall forward or overturn it if it is not properly addressed. Also, any groundwater behind the wall that is not dissipated by a drainage system causes an additional horizontal hydrostatic pressure on the walls.
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Fresno State Ag One Turf Day Golf Tournament, Belmont Country Club, Fresno, California, May 9, 2016, photo by Geoff Thurner, Copyright 2016.
Fresno State Ag One Turf Day Golf Tournament, Belmont Country Club, Fresno, California, May 9, 2016, photo by Geoff Thurner, Copyright 2016.
Fresno State Ag One Turf Day Golf Tournament, Belmont Country Club, Fresno, California, May 9, 2016, photo by Geoff Thurner, Copyright 2016.
Fresno State Ag One Turf Day Golf Tournament, Belmont Country Club, Fresno, California, May 9, 2016, photo by Geoff Thurner, Copyright 2016.
Fresno State Ag One Turf Day Golf Tournament, Belmont Country Club, Fresno, California, May 9, 2016, photo by Geoff Thurner, Copyright 2016.
Fresno State Ag One Turf Day Golf Tournament, Belmont Country Club, Fresno, California, May 9, 2016, photo by Geoff Thurner, Copyright 2016.
Fresno State Ag One Turf Day Golf Tournament, Belmont Country Club, Fresno, California, May 9, 2016, photo by Geoff Thurner, Copyright 2016.
Pictured is the inside of the new turf greenhouse on the UGA Tifton campus..By Clint Thompson.7-126-17
July 1, 2018 - Laufás Turf House in Eyjafjörður, Iceland.
"Laufás turf farm is a former vicarage, a dwelling house, situated in the densely populated coastal farmland of Eyjafjörður in northern Iceland. The farmstead was modernized in the 20th century with new dwelling houses and stables and is still an inhabited vicarage. The old farm is a part of the National Museum's Historic Buildings Collection and is managed by the Akureyri Museum. The main thoroughfare in the area has long passed near Laufás and still does. Laufás has been one of the better beneficia with many perquisites and is mentioned several times in the medieval Saga literature. The earliest written sources reveal that a church fire took place there in late 12th century .
Laufás counts 12 houses and the whole complex is around 29 m long and 28 m wide. Most of the farmstead is constructed in the period from 1840-1877, but the origin of the farm is older. Five gables face the yard to the west, forming a gabled farmhouse. To the north is the living room, then entrance, hall (skáli), eider down house (dúnhús) and storage. The entrance gives access to a passageway that connect the other houses; bridal house (brúðarhús), hearth kitchen, pantry and small living room, with a two storey baðstofa at the other end. Both the upper and lower floors of the baðstofa house are divided into three rooms. To the south of the farmstead is Laufás church within a cemetery. The outhouses are no longer standing.
The lower part of the turf walls are made from stone and strengur, but the upper part from turf, klömbruhnaus, kvíahnaus, strengur and snidda, with all the rooftops covered in turf. The gables are from timber. The living rooms, entrance, bridal house and the entire baðstofa house have panelled interior walls and wooden floors. The rest of the houses have visible turf walls and earth floor. Remnants of a stave construction are present in the passageway, which testifies to the farm's old origins. Part of the farm was built from reused timbers.
Laufás represents a large turf house, built in the northern tradition, where a mixed building technique has been employed." Previous text from UNESCO World Heritage Site: