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A Igreja de Santo Albano, também conhecida como St. Alban's Church, é um exemplar notável da arquitetura neogótica em Copenhaga, construída entre 1885 e 1887 para atender à comunidade anglicana. Localizada junto ao Kastellet e ao Parque Churchill, a igreja foi projetada por Arthur Blomfield e apresenta uma combinação distintiva de sílex e calcário, características da tradição britânica, simbolizando a união entre a Dinamarca e o Reino Unido. A construção foi impulsionada pelo apoio da Princesa Alexandra, refletindo laços dinásticos da época. Internamente, preserva vitrais de grande valor artístico, muitos doados por membros da família real britânica. A sua torre esguia e a localização junto ao canal e às antigas muralhas confere-lhe uma dimensão cénica invulgar, tornando-a num ponto de referência arquitetónico na cidade, integrando-se harmoniosamente num conjunto histórico que inclui a Fonte de Gefion e os vestígios defensivos do século XVII.
St. Alban's Church, also known as St. Alban's Church, is a remarkable example of neo-Gothic architecture in Copenhagen, built between 1885 and 1887 to serve the Anglican community. Located next to Kastellet and Churchill Park, the church was designed by Arthur Blomfield and features a distinctive combination of flint and limestone, characteristic of British tradition, symbolizing the union between Denmark and the United Kingdom. The construction was driven by the support of Princess Alexandra, reflecting the dynastic ties of the time. Inside, it preserves stained glass windows of great artistic value, many donated by members of the British royal family. Its slender tower and location next to the canal and the old city walls give it an unusual scenic dimension, making it an architectural landmark in the city, blending harmoniously into a historic ensemble that includes the Gefion Fountain and the defensive remains of the 17th century.
Denmark, Jylland, Løkken, Løkken Strand
Cold & windy day at the beach, the remaining german bunkers can be seen in the distance.
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O Københavns Domhus, ou Tribunal da Cidade de Copenhaga, ergue-se imponente na praça Nytorv, no coração da cidade. Construído entre 1805 e 1815 sob a égide do arquiteto Christian Frederik Hansen, após o devastador incêndio de 1795, o edifício neoclássico substituiu o antigo Paços do Concelho. A sua fachada, adornada por um pórtico hexástilo com colunas jónicas, exibe a inscrição "Med lov skal man land bygge" ("Com a lei se constrói o país"), uma máxima do Código da Jutlândia de 1241 que enaltece a primazia do Estado de Direito. Até 1905, o Domhus albergou tanto a Câmara Municipal como o tribunal, passando depois a funcionar exclusivamente como Tribunal Distrital de Copenhaga. A sua localização central, próximo da Strøget e das praças Gammeltorv-Nytorv, outrora palco de mercados e execuções, confere-lhe um significado histórico e arquitetónico inegável, sendo um testemunho da reconstrução de Copenhaga e um exemplo ímpar do estilo Império dinamarquês.
The Københavns Domhus, or Copenhagen City Court, stands imposingly on Nytorv Square in the heart of the city. Built between 1805 and 1815 under the aegis of architect Christian Frederik Hansen, after the devastating fire of 1795, the neoclassical building replaced the old Town Hall. Its façade, adorned with a hexastyle portico with Ionic columns, bears the inscription “Med lov skal man land bygge” (“With law shall the country be built”), a maxim from the Jutland Code of 1241 that extols the primacy of the rule of law. Until 1905, the Domhus housed both the City Council and the court, after which it functioned exclusively as the Copenhagen District Court. Its central location, close to Strøget and the Gammeltorv-Nytorv squares, once the scene of markets and executions, gives it undeniable historical and architectural significance, bearing witness to the reconstruction of Copenhagen and providing a unique example of the Danish Empire style.
A few of the many #geese and #ducks standing in front of the open-air living #museum, #DenGamleBy, also known as The Old Town, located in the heart of Aarhus. It allows you to see how people lived and worked in Denmark in 1927. #Aarhus is a wonderful #Danish city to visit and is located in #Jutland #Denmark! From the Old Town to the Deer Park and the Queen’s Castle, Aarhus is full of #TreasuresOfTraveling and has much to offer the foreign traveler. Check out some of those treasures below.
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#DenGamleBy, also known as #TheOldTown, is an open-air living museum located in the heart of Aarhus. It allows you to see how people lived and worked in Denmark in 1927. #Aarhus is a wonderful #DanishCity to visit and is located in #Jutland #Denmark! From the Old Town to the Deer Park and the Queen’s Castle, Aarhus is full of #TreasuresOfTraveling and has much to offer the foreign traveler. Check out some of those treasures below.
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The snow covered grounds of #DenGamleBy, also known as #TheOldTown, which is an open-air living museum located in the heart of Aarhus. It allows you to see how people lived and worked in Denmark in 1927. #Aarhus is a wonderful #DanishCity to visit and is located in #Jutland #Denmark! From the Old Town to the Deer Park and the Queen’s Castle, Aarhus is full of #TreasuresOfTraveling and has much to offer the foreign traveler. Check out some of those treasures below.
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#Scandinavia #Europe #TravelBlog #WorldTravel #WorldTraveler #TravelBlogger #TravelPhotography #TravelPics #TravelPhotos #DanishTravel #Architecture #GlobeTrotter #PassportStamps #TravelTheWorld #TourThePlanet #TheGlobeWanderer #TravelDenmark #GayTraveler #GuysWhoTravel #DiscoverEarth #Wanderlust #TravelGram #TravelTheWorld
Dusk approaches over the snow covered grounds of #MarselisborgPalace, which is the summer and Christmas residence of the #DanishRoyalFamily. The Palace grounds, including the Queen's rose garden, are open to the public when the Royal family is not in residence. #Aarhus is a wonderful #DanishCity to visit and is located in #Jutland #Denmark! From the Old Town to the Deer Park and the Queen’s Castle, Aarhus is full of #TreasuresOfTraveling and has much to offer the foreign traveler. Check out some of those treasures below.
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#Scandinavia #Europe #TravelBlog #WorldTravel #WorldTraveler #TravelBlogger #TravelPhotography #TravelPics #TravelPhotos #DanishTravel #Architecture #GlobeTrotter #PassportStamps #TravelTheWorld #TourThePlanet #TheGlobeWanderer #TravelDenmark #GayTraveler #GuysWhoTravel #DiscoverEarth #Wanderlust #TravelGram #TravelTheWorld
The architecture of the traditional buildings of #DenGamleBy are beautiful! It is an open-air living museum located in the heart of Aarhus and it's second name is the #TheOldTown. It allows you to see how people lived and worked in Denmark centuries ago. #Aarhus is a wonderful #DanishCity to visit and is located in #Jutland #Denmark! From the Old Town to the Deer Park and the Queen’s Castle, Aarhus is full of #TreasuresOfTraveling and has much to offer the foreign traveler. Check out some of those treasures below.
treasuresoftraveling.com/4-must-visit-places-in-aarhus-de...
#Scandinavia #Europe #TravelBlog #WorldTravel #WorldTraveler #TravelBlogger #TravelPhotography #TravelPics #TravelPhotos #DanishTravel #GlobeTrotter #PassportStamps #TravelTheWorld #TourThePlanet #TheGlobeWanderer #TravelDenmark #GayTraveler #GuysWhoTravel #DiscoverEarth #Wanderlust #TravelGram #TravelTheWorld #Architecture
Nyhavn is a harbor district in Copenhagen , which is one of the city's most visited tourist destinations. The harbor was excavated from 1671 to 1673 by Danish soldiers and by Swedish prisoners of war from the Second Carl Gustav War as an alternative to the existing harbor . The "Nyhavnskanalen" was inaugurated by Christian V in the 1670s , but today it is simply called Nyhavn. Worth seeing are the over 300-year-old houses. The oldest house is Nyhavn no. 9 from 1681 . Today, Nyhavn is covered with sidewalk cafes and restaurants , especially on the north-east side, the sunny side.
For many years, Nyhavn was among the city's more sinister quarters, with sailors' taverns and the accompanying prostitutes. But in the 1980s, the area was thoroughly renovated, and Nyhavn today houses a number of nicer restaurants, cafes and bars. Among the best known are Nyhavn 17 and Cap Horn.
The poet HC Andersen lived in three of the houses over the course of twenty years. In 1834 he lived in no. 20, from 1848 to 1865 in no. 67 and from 1871 until his death in 1875 in no. 18.
The Nyhavnsbroen between Holbergsgade and Toldbodgade was originally built in 1874-1875 but was replaced by the current drawbridge in 1911-1912. The bridge divides Nyhavn into an inner part, where veteran ships are now located, and an outer part.
The memorial anchor at the end of Nyhavn was erected in 1951 in memory of the Danish sailors who perished during the Second World War .
Close to Nyhavn is the Inderhavnsbroen .
Copenhagen is Denmark's capital and with 1,363,296 inhabitants (2023) the country's largest urban area comprising 18 municipalities or parts thereof.
The inner city had 809,314 inhabitants on 1 July 2022 and is defined by Statistics Denmark as consisting of Copenhagen Municipality (area: 90.10 km 2 ; population: 647,509 1 July 2022 ), Frederiksberg Municipality (area: 8 .70 km 2 ; population: 104,094 1 July 2022), Tårnby Municipality (area: 66.10 km 2 ; population: 43,042 1 July 2022) and Dragør Municipality (area: 18.30 km 2 ; population: 14,669 1. July 2022.
Copenhagen is also the center of the Øresund region , which is the largest metropolitan area in the Nordic region . The Øresund region covers a total of 20,754.63 km 2 in eastern Denmark and Scania in Sweden and had a population of 4,136,082 on 1 July 2022, of which 2,711,554 lived in the Danish parts as of 1 January 2022.
The city is located on the east coast of the island of Zealand ; another part of the city extends to Amager and is separated by the Øresund from Malmö , Sweden. The Øresund connection connects the two cities via motorway and railway.
Copenhagen's history can be traced back to around the year 700, when there was a small fishing village where the city center is now. Copenhagen became Denmark's capital at the beginning of the 15th century. Originating in the 17th century, it consolidated its position as a regional power center with its institutions, defenses and troops. During the Renaissance, the city was the de facto capital of the Kalmar Union , being the seat of the royal house that ruled a majority of today's Nordic regions in a personal union with Sweden and Norway with the Danish monarch as head of state. The city flourished as a cultural and economic center in Scandinavia during the union for over 120 years, from the 15th century until the early 16th century, when the union was dissolved by Sweden's secession. After an outbreak of plague and fires in the 18th century, the city underwent a period of reconstruction. This included the construction of the exclusive Frederiksstaden neighborhood and the foundation of institutions such as the Royal Danish Theater and the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts . After further misfortunes in the 19th century, when Horatio Nelson attacked the Danish-Norwegian fleet and bombarded the city, the reconstruction during the Danish Golden Age brought a neoclassical touch to Copenhagen's architecture. Later, after the Second World War, the Fingerplan fostered urban development along five S-train lines with Copenhagen as the centre.
Since the turn of the millennium, Copenhagen has undergone strong urban and cultural development, facilitated by investments in its institutions and infrastructure. The city is Denmark's cultural, economic and administrative centre; it is one of the main financial centers in Northern Europe with the Copenhagen Stock Exchange . Copenhagen's economy has witnessed rapid development in the service sector, particularly through initiatives concerning information technology, pharmaceuticals and clean technology. Since the completion of the Øresund connection, Copenhagen has been increasingly integrated with the Swedish province of Skåne and its largest city Malmö, forming the Øresund region.
With a number of bridges connecting the different neighborhoods, the urban landscape is characterized by parks, promenades and waterfronts. Copenhagen's landmarks include Tivoli Gardens , The Little Mermaid , Amalienborg , Christiansborg , Rosenborg , the Marble Church , the Stock Exchange , the Glyptoteket , the National Museum , which are significant tourist attractions.
Copenhagen houses the University of Copenhagen , the Technical University of Denmark, CBS , the IT University of Copenhagen . Founded in 1479, the University of Copenhagen is Denmark's oldest university. Copenhagen is home to the football clubs FC Copenhagen and Brøndby IF . Copenhagen Marathon started in 1980. Copenhagen is one of the world's most bicycle-friendly cities.
The name
Elaborating Further article: Copenhagen's name
Before the Middle Ages , the name of the town was probably Havn. In the Middle Ages, the city was called Køpmannæhafn in Old Danish ; a name that translated into modern Danish means merchants' harbor and is an expression of the importance that merchants had for the city at this time.
A number of other names built over the original Danish name for the city are used in different languages. Examples include Swedish Copenhagen , German and Dutch Kopenhagen , English Copenhagen , Italian Copenaghen , French and Spanish Copenhague , Portuguese Copenhaga , Latin Hafnia , Czech Kodaň , Icelandic Kaupmannahöfn and Faroese Keypmannahavn .
In 1923 , the Latin version of the name became the basis for the naming of the newly discovered element hafnium , as the discovery took place at the current Niels Bohr Institute .
Nicknames
As befits big cities, Copenhagen also has nicknames and even several of this kind:
King's Copenhagen : over the centuries, changing kings have left their mark on the capital. This applies in particular to Christian IV , who, in addition to expanding the area within the city walls to three times the size, contributed buildings such as Rosenborg , Rundetårn and Børsen .
The city with beautiful towers : tourist slogan created by brewer Carl Jacobsen in 1910. It alludes to the many towers and spires that then and now leave their mark on Indre By in particular, and to which the generous brewer himself also contributed in the form of the spire at Nicholas Church .
Wonderful Copenhagen ("wonderful Copenhagen"): both a tourist slogan made famous by the actor Danny Kaye , who sang about the city in a 1952 film about HC Andersen , and the name of the city's official tourism organization, Wonderful Copenhagen .
The Paris of the North is also occasionally seen , but unlike the others, this flattering comparison with the City of Cities is not exclusive, as it is shared with both Norway's Tromsø and Denmark's Aalborg .
The name "Copenhagen" is used both for the city as a whole, which includes all or parts of 17 other municipalities, for the city without its suburbs (cf. the image of the road signs, according to which Copenhagen and Vanløse are two different places) and for Copenhagen Municipality . This article covers the city as a whole.
The total urban area is defined geographically by the Geodata Agency (with the so-called polygon method ), where water areas are deducted. The method follows the UN 's guidelines, where in order for an urban area to be considered integrated, there must not be more than 200 meters between the houses (parks and the like not included). However, the Geodata Agency still counts the entire municipalities of Copenhagen and Tårnby , despite the fact that this includes large completely undeveloped areas, e.g. on western Amager , Saltholm and Peberholm . The area occupies a little over 450 km 2 , but the city of Copenhagen itself occupies far from this geographical size. Statistics Denmark then obtains the number of inhabitants via CPR . It is also Statistics Denmark that presents the aggregated information. The extent of Copenhagen – the metropolitan area's urban area – appears from Statistics Denmark's map of urban areas and rural districts . (Zoom in, let the mouse slide over the dark blue areas and see where it says 'Capital area in ... Municipality'). The outermost parts of Copenhagen are thus Kastrup , Tårnby , Karlslunde , Albertslund , Ballerup , Hareskovby , Bagsværd , Holte , Øverød , Søllerød , Nærum and Klampenborg – but with green wedges in between that extend to e.g. Avedøre and Rødovre .
Although the urban area is clearly demarcated by the authorities, they use different designations for it. The Geodata Agency uses Copenhagen, while Statistics Denmark uses the metropolitan area , and on the road signs along the approach roads, the Road Directorate has chosen Greater Copenhagen . However, Copenhagen is the only one of the three designations authorized by the Place Names Committee . [However, in all cases the same area is meant.
Many residents of Copenhagen's suburbs, however, identify to a greater extent with the municipality they live in. This may be to distance themselves from Copenhagen Municipality , which, as by far the largest municipality, naturally often steals the picture. In practice, however, Copenhagen is so densely built-up that in many places it is difficult to see where the borders between the individual municipalities actually go. Outsiders, however, will typically consider the city as a whole, although here and there there is also a tendency to either limit it to the Municipality of Copenhagen or expand it to the entire Capital Region . Therefore, Copenhagen's population is given in some places as approx. 0.6 million (of the municipality) or approx. 2.0 million (of the metropolitan region), where the correct number is 1,363,296 ( as of 1 January 2020 ).
Furthermore, a number of administrative divisions have used Copenhagen or the capital in their name. For example , the Capital Region also includes Bornholm , regardless of the fact that this island is approx. 130 km away, and the former Copenhagen County, despite the name, did not include the Municipality of Copenhagen , although the county seat was located there for a number of years.
History
Elaborating In-depth article: Copenhagen's history
History up to the 12th century
A number of finds from prehistoric times have been made in the Copenhagen area. At the building of Amager Strandpark, one found e.g. remains of a coastal settlement from the Neolithic . Burial mounds in the suburbs indicate human activity in prehistoric times, and many of the town names in the vicinity of Copenhagen also bear witness to the founding of towns in the greater Copenhagen area in the Viking Age .
Until recently, the oldest traces of urban settlement in the Copenhagen area were within the ramparts from around the year 1000, where traces of a small fishing village were found where Copenhagen is today. Fiskerlejet was located just north of Copenhagen's Town Hall around Mikkel Bryggers Gade, which at the time lay by the sea. But in connection with the excavation of the Metro, traces of boat bridges at Gammel Strand have been found, dating all the way back to around the year 700. During the excavation of the metro station at Kongens Nytorv, traces of a farm from the Viking Age have also been found.
1043-1536: The Middle Ages
The first time the precursor to Copenhagen under the name "Havn" is mentioned in the sources, is in connection with a naval battle between Svend Estridsen and the Norwegian king Magnus the Good in 1043. After that, there is silence about the city's fate in the next approx. 120 years.
It is likely that during the 12th century the city was able to profit from its central location between the large cathedral cities of Lund and Roskilde and thus was an important point for traffic and trade between the two cities. The natural harbor and the small island of Slotsholmen , which was easy to defend, probably also gave the city great advantages. In the second half of the 12th century, the silence about the town is broken, when Saxo mentions that Pope Urban III in 1186 confirms that the small town "Hafn", together with a number of other towns that King Valdemar had previously given to Bishop Absalon, must continue belong to Absalom. The exact year of King Valdemar's gift is not known, as the deed of gift that Absalon received has disappeared. From around 1167-1171 , Absalon built a castle and a city wall on the site.
Under Absalon's leadership, the city began to grow. Especially in the 13th century, the city expanded, so that it gradually came to cover a larger part of the area between Kongens Nytorv and Rådhuspladsen . Gråbrødre Kloster and the churches Our Lady , St. Peder (now St. Petri) and St. Nikolai were all built in the first half of the 13th century. The 13th century was a turbulent time in Danish history , which was expressed in the fierce battle between successive bishops and kings for the right to the city. However, in 1251 Bishop Jakob Erlandsen was able to force the pressured King Abel to surrender the city to him, and in 1254 this bishop gave the city its first city court. Five years later, in 1259, the city was attacked and plundered by the Rygian prince Jaromar .
Gradually, the city began to grow into the kingdom's largest and most important, although it had not yet become the capital. Although the city was the largest, there were still less than 5,000 inhabitants, and thus only a few hundred fewer in cities such as Ribe and Århus. The location in the middle of the kingdom with a natural harbor on an important sea trade route was ideal. In 1419, a Danish king, Erik of Pomerania , finally managed to permanently take power over the city from the church, and in 1443 Christopher III made the city a royal residence. In 1479 the university was founded. Copenhagen was now the country's most important city.
Christian IV was of great importance to Copenhagen. Under him, the city's old walls, which had hitherto been along Gothersgade around 1647, were moved, so that they ran along the current railway line between Nørreport and Østerport, bypassing the Nyboder newly built by Christian IV . Copenhagen's ramparts were also expanded with defenses in the newly built area of Christianshavn .
From 1658-1660 during the First Karl Gustav War, Copenhagen was the last area in the kingdom under Danish control, but under siege by the Swedish troops led by Karl X Gustav . In February 1659, the Swedes tried to take the town by storm , but a joint effort by soldiers and the townspeople held them back. After the unsuccessful storming, however, the Swedes kept the city besieged until 27 May 1660. As an offshoot of the Peace of Copenhagen, the monarchy was introduced in 1660 under Frederik III and Copenhagen became an even more important city in Denmark, because it was from here that the increasingly centralist Danish state was governed. As part of this process, in 1660, Copenhagen got a new form of management called the City's 32 men , which was a precursor to the current Citizens' Representation .
In 1711-1712, one of the worst plague epidemics in Copenhagen's history ravaged . The plague killed approximately 22,000 of the city's approximately 60,000 inhabitants. A few years later, things went wrong once again, when just over a quarter of the city's buildings went up in smoke during a city fire in 1728 .
Inspired by European ideas, Frederiksstaden was founded in 1748 north of Kongens Nytorv with Amalienborg as the most beautiful part. In the latter half of the 18th century, during the Florissant period, Copenhagen experienced an enormous boom as a result of the profitable trade with the warring powers, England and France. However, the boom period ended for a time when first Christiansborg burned in 1794 and then a town fire in 1795 ravaged the inner city, and then the British navy came to claim Denmark's navy, which triggered the Battle of the Nest in 1801 , as part of the Napoleonic Wars . Parts of the city were also damaged in that conflict. However, the damage was far from the extent of the damage caused by the landed British army during the English bombardment of the city in 1807 , where large areas of the city burned down, as the British military used rockets. The medieval Church of Our Lady also went up in flames. The challenges for Denmark and Copenhagen end with the state bankruptcy in 1813 and the loss of Norway, and the accompanying trade from Copenhagen to Norway, in 1814.
After the tumultuous events in the years up to 1814, Denmark and Copenhagen had ended up as a small, poor country. It was therefore not immediately possible to rebuild the public buildings that had been destroyed by the bombardment, such as Our Lady's Church and the university , until well into the 19th century. When the economy finally got going, this gave rise to enormous development and most of Copenhagen's inner city is characterized by the reconstructions after the fires and the bombing. Culturally, Copenhagen came to form the framework for one of the most rewarding cultural periods in Danish history, the Golden Age , which was characterized by, among other things, CF Hansen , Bertel Thorvaldsen and Søren Kierkegaard . This was followed by industrialization in the second half of the 19th century. After a major cholera epidemic in 1853, it was finally decided to take down the old ramparts.
It was now allowed to build permanent, foundation-walled new construction outside the ramparts. This release, in combination with very liberal building legislation, led to a building boom in the bridge districts and a significant increase in the population. Around 1800, approximately 100,000 people lived in the capital, and at the start of the 20th century there were almost 500,000.
The new districts became very different: Frederiksberg and Østerbro became neighborhoods of the bourgeoisie ; Nørrebro and Vesterbro, on the other hand, became workers' districts.
As a replacement for the old fortress, the Estrup government adopted the construction of the large fortifications , including the Vestvolden, from 1886 . It was Denmark's largest workplace and was only later surpassed by the Great Belt connection . The construction of large projects such as the Free Harbor (1894), the Town Hall (1905) and the Central Station (1911) also left their mark. Copenhagen had become an industrial metropolis, home to companies on an international scale such as Burmeister & Wain , Østasiatisk Kompagni and the Great Nordic Telegraph Company .
After a weak start ( the Battle of Fælleden ), the labor movement had its breakthrough in the capital of the 20th century, where the post of finance mayor was taken over in 1903 by trade unionist Jens Jensen . In 1901, the municipality incorporated a number of parishes, including Brønshøj and Valby , and in 1902 the municipality of Sundbyernes was incorporated . The municipality's area was thus tripled, leaving Frederiksberg as an enclave in Copenhagen Municipality.
From World War I to the present
This section describes the period from the start of World War I in 1914 to the present day. The policy of neutrality meant that Copenhagen was not particularly affected by the First World War. The so-called goulash barons made a lot of money from stock speculation and from exporting meat products to Germany . After the First World War, there was a shortage of most things, and a great deal of unemployment contributed to a lot of unrest, especially in Copenhagen's working-class neighborhoods. In 1922, the Copenhagen-based Landmandsbanken went bankrupt, dragging many people down with it.
From 1917, the Social Democrats had a majority in the municipality's board. This led to increased public welfare, municipal housing construction, etc. The construction of Fælledparken and other parks was another result of the municipality's new social and health policy programme, which, among other things, as a result of the housing crises of 1908 and 1916 focused on building housing that was not influenced by building speculation. As buildings were built on the lands outside the Søerne and on the areas around e.g. Brønshøj and Valby, which had been merged with Copenhagen Municipality in 1901, approached Copenhagen with surrounding towns such as Lyngby, Herlev and Rødovre. And gradually these became suburbs. Due to a lack of suitable land in the inner city, much of the urban development took place around these cities. This development was also helped by more public transport, i.a. the opening of the S train lines from 1934.
During World War II, Copenhagen, like the rest of Denmark , was occupied by German troops. Several buildings were destroyed during the occupation either by sabotage or by attacks from the allied forces. Among these can be mentioned that the Shell House , which was the headquarters of the Gestapo , was bombed by British planes on 21 March 1945 . During this attack , the French School in Frederiksberg was hit and many children were killed. Many industrial buildings in Copenhagen were also blown up by the Danish resistance movement . One of the biggest popular protests against the conditions under the German occupation was the People's Uprising in 1944
After the war, the increasing use of motor vehicles became increasingly important for the city's development, and this caused the master plan's ideas of a Copenhagen built around collective S-train traffic to become somewhat diluted. Some suburbs grew up away from the S-train network. In the 1960s, development in the Municipality of Copenhagen seemed to have almost come to a standstill, while in the suburban municipalities people were building on life. Gladsaxe Municipality under Erhard Jakobsen and Albertslund are examples of this development in Copenhagen's surrounding municipalities.
Inner Copenhagen, on the other hand, experienced a period of decline from the 1960s with the relocation of industry and residents. This development began to reverse around 1990. Especially with the urban renewal plans from 1991, many run-down neighborhoods slowly but surely became desirable. With the construction of the subway and housing along the harbor, the inner city has become better connected. The construction of the Øresund Bridge in 2000 has connected Copenhagen with western Scania, and the city thus strengthened its status as the center of the Øresund region .
While Ungdomshuset på Jagtvej existed, the Nørrebro area in particular was regularly characterized by violent demonstrations that emanated from here. This culminated in the demolition of the house in March 2007, and subsided in mid-2008, when a new house was built for the young people in North West. Since then, there have been no major demonstrations based on the movement around the Youth House.
During the period, the housing market in the city was approx. 2002–2007, along with the rest of the country, characterized by a housing bubble. This stopped, as in the rest of Denmark, in 2006/2007, when large price drops were experienced. However, Copenhagen recovered quickly and the Copenhagen housing market has been characterized by rising prices since 2009 and today ( 2021 ) prices are higher than prices were at their peak in 2006. At the beginning of the period, it was also possible to assess cooperative housing according to market price. This opened up the otherwise closed co-operative housing market, and instead of being traded through closed lists and sometimes money under the table, co-operative housing is now most often traded in free trade. During the bubble period it was popular to settle in Malmö in Sweden and work in Copenhagen. In 2021, there have been large price increases again and some politicians spoke of further restrictions on the possibilities of borrowing, while others spoke of the fact that it was not necessary.
In 2020, Copenhagen, like the rest of Denmark and the rest of the world, was hit by the Coronavirus pandemic . The authorities recommended homework and shut down entertainment.
Future plans
Until around 2025, four major expansion areas are planned in the Municipality of Copenhagen, which will provide space for 45,000 new Copenhageners; Ørestad south of Field's and on Amager Fælled , Nordhavnen , Valby around New Ellebjerg Station and the Carlsberg plot north of Carlsberg Station are to be developed. Likewise, it is planned that the former freight railway area between Dybbølsbro Station and Hovedbanegården is to be developed, but primarily with business, i.a. hotels and Ikea . All the areas are either old industrial areas or land reclamation, except for Amager Fælled which is originally salt meadow. The municipality of Copenhagen is also planning a very large development in the north-eastern harbor area in the form of Lynetteholmen .
In the preliminary municipal plan 2021, Frederiksberg Municipality plans urban development around e.g. Nordens Plads and the Hospital grounds where Frederiksberg Hospital used to be located. In addition, the focus is on conservation and hollow filling with either new buildings or green areas.
In Rødovre there are three primary urban development areas Rødovre North, the City Core (around Rødovre Centrum ) and Rødovre South. At the City Center, among other things, the possibilities of making a metro stop by extending one of the existing metro lines.
A major challenge with the many additional residents will be to make room for the traffic in the city. The extension in 2019 of the metro with the City Ring and the construction of light rail along ring 3 from Lyngby to Ishøj should create even more coherence in Copenhagen's public transport. There has also been talk for many years about an Eastern Ring Road around the central parts of the city. One possibility is that the eastern ring road can go over Lynetteholmen .
Geography
Geographically, Copenhagen is located in north-eastern Zealand with part of the city on the island of Amager . Western Copenhagen stretches relatively flat further into Zealand, while to both north and south you can experience more hilly terrain. In north-western Copenhagen, e.g. around Søborg and Høje Gladsaxe a larger chain of hills with heights up to 50 meters above sea level. These hilly landscapes in northern Copenhagen are intersected by a number of lakes and Mølleåen . Due to height in the Gladsaxe area, the Gladsaxe transmitter and Copenhagen's water supply have been placed here . In the south-western part of Copenhagen, a calcareous landslide rises at the Carlsberg fault . The more central parts of Copenhagen consist primarily of flatter landscape, alternating in Valby and Brønshøj with less domed hills. Two valley systems follow these small hill ranges from northeast to southwest. In one valley you will find the lakes , in the other you will find Damhussøen . These smaller valleys are crossed by the rivers Harrestrup Å and Ladegårdsåen . Amager and most of the inner city is flat coastal land.
Geologically speaking, Copenhagen, like most of Denmark, rests on an Ice Age bedrock moraine landscape, which in turn rests on a harder subsoil of limestone . In certain places in the area, there is only ten meters down to the limestone layer, which caused considerable problems during the construction of the metro.
Religion
A majority (56.5%) of those who live in the Diocese of Copenhagen are members of the People's Church, and the number is decreasing. The national cathedral, Vor Frue Kirke, is one of numerous churches in Copenhagen. There are also several other Christian congregations in the city, the largest of which is Roman Catholic.
Foreign immigration to Copenhagen, which has increased over the past three decades, has contributed to increasing religious diversity; The Hamad Bin Khalifa Civilization Center opened in 2014. Islam is the second largest religion in Copenhagen, making up an estimated 10% of the population. Although there are no official statistics, it is estimated that a significant proportion of the estimated 175,000–200,000 Muslims in the country live in the Copenhagen area, with the highest concentration in Nørrebro and Vesteggen . There are also up to 7,000 Jews in Denmark, with most living in Copenhagen, where there are several synagogues. Jews have a long history in the city and the first synagogue in Copenhagen was built in 1684. Today, the history of Danish Jews can be experienced at the Danish Jewish Museum in Copenhagen.
Music, theater and opera
The oldest and most famous theater in the capital is the Royal Theater , founded in 1748 , located at the end of Kongens Nytorv. Since its foundation, the theater has been the national stage for theatre , plays , opera and ballet . The theater has a large stage called Gamle scene , which can accommodate approx. 1,600 spectators. Within the last few years, however, opera and plays have been given independent buildings. The opera house was built in 2005 on Holmen opposite Amalienborg and can accommodate up to 1,703 spectators. The theater was built in 2008 at Kvæsthusbroen near Nyhavn. The Royal Danish Ballet can still be found on the old stage of the Royal Danish Theatre. Since it was founded in 1748, it is one of the oldest ballet companies in Europe. It is the home of the Bournonville ballet style .
In addition to the more traditional offerings such as theatre, opera and ballet, which the Royal Theater can offer, there are a multitude of other theaters that offer reinterpretations of classic plays as well as completely new pieces and genres, such as Folketeatret and Nørrebro Teater .
Copenhagen has had a large jazz scene for many years . Jazz came to Copenhagen in the 1960s, when American jazz musicians such as Ben Webster , Thad Jones and Dexter Gordon moved to the city. Musically, they gathered at Jazzhus Montmartre , which in the 1960s was the European center for modern jazz. The jazz club closed in 1995, reopened in May 2010, but is expected to close again in 2020/2021 due to challenges arising in connection with the shutdown due to the corona epidemic. Every year in July, the Copenhagen Jazz Festival is celebrated , which fills venues and squares with jazz concerts.
The most important venue for rhythmic music in Copenhagen is Vega on Vesterbro, which was voted "best concert venue in Europe" by the international music magazine Live Pumpehuset and Den Grå Hal are also popular indoor concert venues. The largest indoor concerts are held in the Park , where there is room for up to 55,000 spectators. The biggest outdoor concerts are often arranged in Valbyparken , including Grøn Koncert , which has ended the tour in Copenhagen since 1985 and since 2017 has also started in Copenhagen.
For free entertainment, you can take a walk up Strøget, especially between Nytorv and Højbro Plads , which in the late afternoon and evening transforms into an improvised three-ring circus with musicians, magicians , jugglers and other street performances.
Museums
As Denmark's capital, Copenhagen contains some of the most important collections of Danish history and culture, but some museums also have collections of great international quality. The National Museum , founded in 1807, is the most important museum in Denmark for culture and history. The museum contains, among other things, a multitude of ancient finds with priceless objects such as The Sun Chariot . New Carlsberg Glyptotek also displays a wide collection of objects from prehistoric times to the present day. The museum has ancient collections from Mesopotamia , Egypt including a large collection of mummies , Ancient Greece with a piece from the Parthenon Frieze that is of international quality, and various artifacts from Ancient Rome . The Glyptotek is completely unique and the only one of its kind in the Nordic countries .
The Statens Museum for Kunst is the country's largest art museum with large collections and often exhibitions of recent art. Thorvaldsen's Museum from 1848 with Bertel Thorvaldsen's many figures was the city's first proper art museum. The Hirschsprung collection contains mostly paintings from the Golden Age and by the Skagen painters . The modern art is presented primarily in Arken in Ishøj and Louisiana in Humlebæk north of Copenhagen.
In addition to Danish art and handicrafts , David's Collection contains one of the ten most important collections of Islamic art in the Western world. The war museum from 1838 contains an enormous collection of military equipment from the Middle Ages until recent times.
The natural history museums are represented by the Botanical Garden , the Geological Museum and the Zoological Museum . The three museums have entered into a collaboration, the Statens Natural History Museum, and are expected to be united in a building at the Botanical Gardens in 2024 as a national natural history museum. Experimentarium and Planetarium deal with general physics and astronomy .
Copenhagen also contains more specialized museums such as the Arbejdermuseet , Frihedsmuseet , Copenhagen City Museum , Storm P Museum and Enigma (expected to open in 2022) which is a successor to the Post & Tele Museum .
Parks, forests, lakes and beaches
Copenhagen has a number of parks, the two largest being Valbyparken and Fælledparken , respectively. 64 and 58 ha. Valbyparken is also surrounded by football pitches and allotment gardens. A beach is being built ( as of 2021 ) at the water's edge facing the Port of Copenhagen. The large lawn in the park lays, among other things, place for Green Concert . The public park on Østerbro is among the most visited attractions in Denmark, with several million visitors a year. The third largest park in Copenhagen is Frederiksberg Have (32 ha). Here you can e.g. enjoy the view of Norman Foster's elephant house in the Zoo , which occupies the western part of the garden.
In addition to parks, the city has some very open natural areas, the largest of which is Amager Fælled at 223 ha. Amager Fælled consists of approx. one quarter original salt marsh and three quarters filled seabed. The community has been continuously reduced and has ceded areas to e.g. Ørestad and ball fields. There are currently being prepared to be built in the southern part. This construction creates ( as of 2021 ) a lot of debate, especially in the Copenhagen media and in Copenhagen politics. In addition, there is the Sydhavnstippen , which is a 40 ha natural area with plenty of wildlife and plant life.
Another very popular park is Kongens Have in central Copenhagen with Rosenborg Castle . The park has been open to the public since the beginning of the 18th century. Centrally in the city along the former ramparts are a number of parks, of which Tivoli is the best known.
Something special for Copenhagen is that several cemeteries also have a double function as parks, although only for quiet activities. Assistens Kirkegård , where HC Andersen is buried, among other things, is an important green breathing hole for Indre Nørrebro . It is official policy in Copenhagen that in 2015 all residents must be able to reach a park or beach on foot in less than 15 minutes.
In addition to parks, Copenhagen also has a number of forests, including Vestskoven (15 km²) in the western part and Hareskoven (9 km²) in the northwestern part. The animal park (11 km²) is located in the northern part and contains both forest, plain and a golf course.
Just west of the ring of parks from the old ramparts are Copenhagen's Indre Søer . Other significant lakes include Damhussøen and i.a. Utterslev Mose and Bagsværd Lake .
Copenhagen has a number of sandy beaches. The largest is Amager Strandpark , which opened in 2005 , which includes a 2 km long artificial island and a total of 4.6 km of sandy beach. In addition, there are e.g. beaches at Bellevue and Charlottenlund along the north coast and Brøndby along the south coast. The beaches are complemented by several harbor baths along the waterfront. The first and most popular of these is located at Islands Brygge .
Media and Film
Many Danish media companies have their headquarters in Copenhagen. The state-funded DR started its radio activities here in 1925. At the beginning of the 1950s, the company was also responsible for spreading television throughout the country. Today, the media company has several television and TV channels, which are controlled from DR Byen , built in 2006/07 in Ørestad . The Odense -based TV 2 has gathered its Copenhagen activities at Teglholmen .
Two of the three major national newspapers, Politiken and Berlingske , as well as the two major tabloid newspapers , Ekstra Bladet and BT, have their headquarters in Copenhagen. Furthermore, Jyllands-Posten has a newsroom in the city. In 2003 Politikens Hus merged with Morgenavisen Jyllands-Posten and formed the company JP/Politikens Hus . Berlingske , founded in 1749, is Denmark's oldest newspaper. Berlingske Media , which i.a. publisher Berlingske is owned by the London -based Mecom Group . In addition, there are a large number of local newspapers such as Vesterbro Avis . Other media companies include Aller Media , which is the largest publisher of weekly and monthly magazines in Scandinavia, Egmont , which, among others, is behind Nordisk Film , and Gyldendal , the largest Danish book publisher.
Copenhagen also has a relatively large film and television industry. Filmbyen , located on a disused military base in the suburb of Hvidovre , houses several film companies and studios. Among the film companies is Zentropa , in which the film director Lars von Trier is a co-owner, who is behind several international film productions and who was one of the founders of the dogma movement . Historically, Copenhagen, and especially the company Nordisk Film , was the center of the film industry in Northern Europe in the 1910s and 1920s, with hundreds of annual film productions. Nordisk Film in Valby still produces many films and today has 1,200 employees (as of 2006 ) and is the largest producer and distributor of electronic entertainment in the Nordics.
The largest concentration of cafes is in Indre By, Østerbro and Vesterbro. The first Copenhagen cafe opened in 1831 at the Hotel D'Angleterre , but it was only with the opening of Café Sommersko in 1976 that the cafe culture really came to Copenhagen, and there are now over 300 cafes spread across the city.
Copenhagen's nightlife is centered around Indre by, Nørrebro and Vesterbro, i.a. Laurits Betjent , Nasa , Rust and Vega .
Within the last decade, Copenhagen has really distinguished itself with restaurants that can measure up among the best. Most prominent is Noma , with 2 stars in the Michelin guide since 2007, which has also been named the best restaurant in the world. In addition to Noma, Copenhagen had 11 restaurants that have received one star in the Michelin guide per 2021. With 18 stars, Copenhagen is the Nordic city with the most stars, which has been the case for a number of years. In 2016, Restaurant Geranium was the first Danish restaurant ever to receive three Michelin stars (which is the highest score), which they have maintained ever since.
The sausage cart has traditionally been the favorite place to eat for the little hungry, but is now being challenged by burger bars, pizzerias , shawarma and sushi bars and the like. Smørrebrød restaurants are another type of lunch catering that is characteristic of Copenhagen.
Copenhagen is the capital in the world where organic food has the largest market share. One in ten purchases is organic in Copenhagen.
Sports
Copenhagen represents a wide range of sports and is often a leader in the field in Denmark . Larger sports facilities include The park , but also e.g. Brøndby Stadium , Farum Park and Gladsaxe Stadium for football, Østerbro Stadium for athletics, Ballerup Super Arena for track cycling , Rødovre Skøjte Arena for ice hockey , Brøndbyhallen for handball and Bagsværd Rostadion for rowing .
The largest Danish stadium Parken , located on Østerbro , is both the home ground for the Danish national football team and the football club FC Copenhagen . FC Copenhagen has for a number of years been very dominant in the Danish Superliga with thirteen championships since 2000 . In addition, Copenhagen is, among other things, hometown of football clubs Brøndby IF , AB , B.93 , Frem and Fremad Amager . In addition to the park, larger football stadiums include Brøndby Stadium (Denmark's second largest), Gladsaxe Stadium and Farum Park . Østerbro Stadium is the city's largest stadium for athletics .
Within handball , KIF Kolding København is the biggest Copenhagen team. However, they only have a men's team associated with the handball league . KIF Kolding Copenhagen is a partial continuation of AG Copenhagen , which merged with Kolding IF Handball . Despite great success in the Champions League in the spring of 2012 , AG Copenhagen suddenly fell into financial crisis in the summer of the same year , which led to the club filing for bankruptcy on 31 July 2012 .
Within athletics , it is the club Sparta in particular that has made a name for itself and the men's team has won the Danish athletics tournament 29 years in a row until 2014 and the women's team has won the Danish athletics tournament 17 years in a row until 2014. The Copenhagen Athletics Games were held in the period 2005 –2007, and before that the Copenhagen Games were held (1973-1986). Both aspired to display world-class athleticism.
The DM in ice hockey for men was won many times until the mid-1970s by the Copenhagen clubs KSF and Rungsted IK . Since then, the DM has primarily been won by Jutland clubs, while Rungsted Seier Capital and Rødovre Mighty Bulls have changed to being Copenhagen's best men's ice hockey team. On the women's side, Hvidovre Ishockey Klub has been very dominant in the DM with 8 championships in the 10 tournaments since 2011, often with Herlev IK as the closest competitor.
Copenhagen has a long tradition of rowing and has produced several national team rowers. DSR , which is Denmark's largest rowing club, and Kvik , both located in Svanemøllebugten , have rowed the traditional swan mill match every year since 1895 . In addition, there are a number of other clubs, e.g. Copenhagen Rowing Club and Bagsværd Rowing Club .
Copenhagen can display a number of golf courses , including Copenhagen Golf Club in Dyrehaven and Royal Golf Center in Ørestad . The Royal Golf Center has been built with a view to being able to hold PGA tournaments .
In the Municipality of Copenhagen, plans have been made to make Copenhagen the host of future international sporting events. In 2009 , Copenhagen hosted the World Outgames , which is an international gay sporting event. And the ambition of holding world championships in e.g. handball and ice hockey are currently being strengthened by the construction of the Copenhagen Arena .
For equestrian sports, the Charlottenlund Track , which opened in 1891 and is the oldest in the Nordic region , can be found in the northern suburbs . Likewise, to the north, there is also the Klampenborg Galopbane . From 1922 to 1976, the Amager Trotting Track also existed in Tårnby .
Copenhagen was one of the host cities at the European Football Championship 2020 , which took place in June and July 2021. Three group stage matches and a round of 16 final were played in Parken .
The 1st stage of the Tour de France 2022 was run as a single start in the city center on 1 July .
Economy
Elaborating In-depth article: Copenhagen's economy
As the country's largest urban area, the capital area is a natural economic powerhouse for the country, but also for southern Sweden, the urban area plays an important economic role.
Previously, Copenhagen was characterized by a number of large industrial companies such as Burmeister & Wain and Dansk Sojakagefabrik . Copenhagen was also the starting point for CF Tietgen's extensive network of companies ( Privatbanken , Det Store Nordiske Telegrafselskab , De Danske Spritfabrikker and others). However, since the end of the Second World War, in line with similar trends in the rest of Europe, heavy industry has moved outside the city or completely out of the country, and Copenhagen has increasingly become a city of knowledge.
Politically, most of the central administration is located in Copenhagen, where most ministries have offices on or in the area around Slotsholmen . Likewise, most agencies are located in the Copenhagen area, which together with the many private knowledge workplaces provides a highly specialized labor market with many knowledge-intensive jobs.
The Copenhagen area is home to a handful of strong business clusters in the areas of biotech , cleantech , IT and shipping . The clusters within biotech and cleantech have many overlaps, within e.g. biomass production. Both clusters are supported by cluster organizations for the growth and promotion of the industries. Within biotech, the cluster organization is Medicon Valley and within cleantech/environmental technology, it is the newly founded Copenhagen Cleantech Cluster . Clusters have received a greater focus from the regional political side, as clusters such as the cleantech cluster cover more than 350 companies and approx. 30,000 jobs.
Several of the largest Danish companies have their headquarters in the city area; especially companies within the pharmaceutical industry ( Novo Nordisk , Lundbeck , Ferring and others) and shipping ( AP Møller-Mærsk , Torm , D/S Norden , J. Lauritzen) are important for the area's economy. Likewise, several large financial groups together with the National Bank characterize central Copenhagen, including Danske Bank , Nordea Bank Danmark and Nykredit . Carlsberg , ISS and Skandinavisk Tobakskompagni are other large companies headquartered in the Copenhagen area.
Tourism
According to the tourist organization HORESTA, the number of hotel nights in the capital region in 2018 was approx. nine million, which is approx. 1 million more than in 2012. Most foreign tourists in Copenhagen continue to come from Sweden , Norway and Germany .
Hotels
Elaborating Detailed article: Copenhagen hotels
In Copenhagen, there are five 5-star hotels, which include counts Hotel Nimb in Tivoli and Hotel Skt. Petri in Indre By . An extensive renovation in 2012–2013 of the famous Hotel D'Angleterre on Kongens Nytorv has made the hotel Copenhagen's only 6-star hotel.
Copenhagen has a total of 12 hotels with more than 300 rooms and Europe's largest hostel, Danhostel Copenhagen City at Kalvebod Brygge , with a total of 1020 beds. The city's – and Scandinavia's – largest hotel is the 75 meter high Bella Sky Comwell in Ørestad with a total of 812 rooms spread over two towers. With its 86 meters and 26 floors , the Radisson Blu Scandinavia Hotel at Islands Brygge is Denmark's tallest hotel. 8 out of Copenhagen's 11 largest hotels were built in the 21st century , whereas the Admiral Hotel in Frederiksstaden , which opened in 1978 , is located in a building built in 1787 . The Radisson Blu Royal Hotel by Arne Jacobsen from 1960 is also worth mentioning. It is centrally located at Vesterport .
Cruise tourism
Since the 1990s, cruise tourism – like many other large port cities in Europe and the rest of the world – has seen significant growth in Copenhagen. In the period 2005-2012, the number of calls increased by over 100, and the number of passengers almost doubled as the tonnage increased. In the Port of Copenhagen, cruise ships dock in three different – and from 2014 four – areas : Langeliniekaj , Nordre Toldbod , Frihavnen and Nordhavnen (opens in 2014). In 2012, a cruise ship docked in the Port of Copenhagen 372 times with a total of 840,000 passengers, which was the best season so far in both Copenhagen and the rest of Denmark. Copenhagen is thus Scandinavia's largest cruise port and Northern Europe's second largest, surpassed only by Southampton .
Business clusters
The Copenhagen area is home to a handful of strong business clusters in the areas of biotech , cleantech , IT and shipping . The clusters within biotech and cleantech have many overlaps, within e.g. biomass production. Both clusters are supported by cluster organizations for the growth and promotion of the industries. Within biotech, the cluster organization is Medicon Valley and within cleantech/environmental technology, it is the newly founded Copenhagen Cleantech Cluster . The latter is considered one of the strongest in the world, partly as a result of annual growth rates of over 10% within exports.
Within shipping, the activities are gathered in The Danish Maritime Cluster , which has its center in Copenhagen. It is one of the world's leading maritime clusters, and accounts for 24% of Denmark's exports and 10% of total Danish production. The cluster as a whole employs 80,000 people in the companies themselves and 35,000 in related occupations, the majority of which are found in the large shipping companies in Copenhagen. The cluster has a large number of partners in education and research, including among others CBS , the University of Copenhagen and DTU . The organization of the cluster is led by the Maritime Development Center and Europe , which is also located in the city.
Within financial IT, there is also a business cluster. While finance and IT make up 5% of Denmark's general employment, the figure is 14% for the Capital Region. Since 2009, the organization Copenhagen Finance IT Region has tried to develop and maintain the industry in the region. One of the challenges is that 50% of jobs in the sector are at risk in relation to outsourcing, compared to 25% for the service sector in general. The cluster organization has a number of partners, including CBS , the Swedish Financial Agency , Dansk Metal and DI ITEK .
Retail
Strøget and Købmagergade are the two biggest shopping streets with the biggest and most common shops, while many of the side streets have the more "quirky" shops. On Gammeltorv by Strøget is the Caritas well, which is considered one of the finest memorials from the Renaissance . [169] In the bridge districts, especially the main streets, such as Nørrebrogade , Amagerbrogade and Østerbrogade from the center, function as traditional shopping streets.
In central Copenhagen are the department stores Magasin du Nord , Illum and Illums Bolighus , while shopping centers are found in several different places in the city, with Fields in Ørestad, City 2 in Taastrup and Fisketorvet at Dybbølsbro being the largest. In the central districts, other centers include e.g. Amager Centre , Frederiksberg Centre , Nørrebro City Center and Spinderiet in Valby, as well as Copenhagen Central Station and Copenhagen Airport also contain a number of shops. In the suburban areas there are e.g. Lyngby Storcenter , Glostrup Storcenter and Rødovre Centrum .
Architecture and urban planning
Copenhagen is famous for having a balance between new and old architecture and a homogeneous building mass of 5-6 storeys in height. In 2008 , the Citizens' Representative Council decided that Indre By should be kept free of high-rise buildings . Thus, large parts of Indre By appear quite well preserved despite historic city fires and bombardments, although many of the famous towers and spires are of recent date. However, large city fires have meant that there are not very many buildings older than 1728 left. Contrary to e.g. Stockholm is Copenhagen, characterized by point-by-point renovations of the building stock rather than violent clearances of larger neighborhoods. At the same time, the economy has often put restrictions on the most ambitious projects, which is why knock-on solutions such as at the Statens Museum for Art are widespread. Large parts of Indre By are subject to building conservation .
Some of the oldest buildings in the inner city are Sankt Petri Church from the 15th century and the Consistory House from approx. 1420 . Christian IV occupies a special place in the city's history. Not only did he double the city's area and build Christianshavn and Nyboder, but he was also the capital's first urban planner. Of all the king's many magnificent buildings, Børsen (1619–25) in the Dutch Renaissance style stands out as a unique building in European architecture. Baroque Copenhagen is also represented by the famous twisted staircase spire on the tower of Our Saviour's Church .
The new district of Frederiksstaden , which was started in 1749, was characterized by the Rococo style. In the center, a large square, Amalienborg Palace Square , was built with four noble palaces surrounding the Equestrian Statue of Frederik 5. . The entire neighborhood is included in the Kulturkanonen .
After the city's fire in 1795 and the British bombardment in 1807, large parts of the city had to be rebuilt. It became a house, with corners cut off so that the fire escapes could get around the corners. Most of Indre By is characterized by this architecture.
The fall of the ramparts (1856) was the start of an unbridled era, where new neighborhoods quickly sprung up. In the bridge quarters and on Gammelholm , an abysmal difference arose between the decorated facades facing the street and the dark backyards and small apartments.
One of the greatest architects of the 20th century, Arne Jacobsen, introduced modernism to Denmark and marked the city with, among other things, Royal Hotel (1960) and Nationalbank (1978).
The post-war planning of the capital area was supported by the Finger plan (1947). The finger plan determined that the urban densification in the future should primarily be concentrated in corridors along the S-Bahn network, while the spaces in between should be kept free for green areas.
The 1970s and 1980s were characterized by international modular architecture with no distinctive character and a building zeal that was mainly concentrated around the suburban municipalities, most often in the form of prefabricated concrete construction . In the central parts of Copenhagen during the period, the focus was mostly on urban renovations , this time aimed at the miserable backyard carts in the bridge districts.
At the beginning of the 1990s, the Municipality of Copenhagen was in crisis, but there was still enough money to initiate large conservation urban renewal projects on Vesterbro and Amagerbro . The construction of Ørestad was supposed to help pull the capital out of the doldrums.
Towards the end of the century, a real flourishing in architecture began with the additions to the Statens Museum for Art and the Royal Library. Then followed significant buildings such as the Opera House , the Theater House and the Tietgen College in Ørestad Nord.
High-rises and towers
Copenhagen has long been a densely built-up but not very tall city. This is due, among other things, to a great respect for the city's historic towers and very strict local plans . In the past 100 years, the general maximum building height has been approx. 25 meters. This has meant that the tallest buildings in Indre By to date are the towers and spires of Copenhagen City Hall , Christiansborg , Our Saviour's Church and Nikolaj Kunsthal .
The tallest buildings in Copenhagen are Herlev Hospital at 120 m and the tower at Christiansborg at 106 m. [ source missing ] However, the tallest man-made structure in Copenhagen is the Gladsaxesenderen at 220 metres. With its 267 m (incl. 47 m natural height), the top of the Gladsaxesenderen is the third highest point in Denmark after two other transmitter masts. [ source missing ] Domus Vista in Frederiksberg was, until Turning Torso in Malmö was inaugurated in 2005, the tallest residential building in the Nordic region, but is now only the second tallest.
Famous Copenhageners
Frank Arnesen , soccer player, soccer coach and talent manager
Bille August , film director
Herman Bang , journalist and author
Niels Bohr , physicist and Nobel Prize winner
Aage Bohr , physicist and Nobel laureate (Niels Bohr's son)
Victor Borge , entertainer
August Bournonville , ballet choreographer
Georg Brandes , cultural and literary critic
Helena Christensen , supermodel
Tove Ditlevsen , author
Carl Th. Dreyer , film director
Rune Glifberg , skateboarder
Vilhelm Hammershøi , painter
Gus Hansen , poker player
Iben Hjejle , actor
Peter Høeg , author
Arne Jacobsen , architect and designer
JC Jacobsen , founder of the Carlsberg brewery
Robert Jacobsen artist
CV Jørgensen , singer and songwriter
Søren Kierkegaard , philosopher
Per Kirkeby , painter
Christen Købke , painter
Kim Larsen , singer, guitarist and songwriter
Michael Laudrup , footballer
Bjørn Lomborg , political scientist and author
Lauritz Melchior , opera singer
Mads Mikkelsen , actor
Andreas Mogensen , astronaut
Maersk Mc-Kinney Møller , shipowner
Verner Panton , architect
Dirch Passer , comedian and actor
Peter Schmeichel , soccer player
Julius Thomsen , chemist
Bertel Thorvaldsen , sculptor
Lars von Trier , film director
Dan Turèll , author
Lars Ulrich , drummer and songwriter for Metallica
Jørn Utzon , architect
Mads Dittmann Mikkelsen R. actor
Magnus Millang actor
Copenhagen is Denmark's capital and with 1,363,296 inhabitants (2023) the country's largest urban area comprising 18 municipalities or parts thereof.
The inner city had 809,314 inhabitants on 1 July 2022 and is defined by Statistics Denmark as consisting of Copenhagen Municipality (area: 90.10 km 2 ; population: 647,509 1 July 2022 ), Frederiksberg Municipality (area: 8 .70 km 2 ; population: 104,094 1 July 2022), Tårnby Municipality (area: 66.10 km 2 ; population: 43,042 1 July 2022) and Dragør Municipality (area: 18.30 km 2 ; population: 14,669 1. July 2022.
Copenhagen is also the center of the Øresund region , which is the largest metropolitan area in the Nordic region . The Øresund region covers a total of 20,754.63 km 2 in eastern Denmark and Scania in Sweden and had a population of 4,136,082 on 1 July 2022, of which 2,711,554 lived in the Danish parts as of 1 January 2022.
The city is located on the east coast of the island of Zealand ; another part of the city extends to Amager and is separated by the Øresund from Malmö , Sweden. The Øresund connection connects the two cities via motorway and railway.
Copenhagen's history can be traced back to around the year 700, when there was a small fishing village where the city center is now. Copenhagen became Denmark's capital at the beginning of the 15th century. Originating in the 17th century, it consolidated its position as a regional power center with its institutions, defenses and troops. During the Renaissance, the city was the de facto capital of the Kalmar Union , being the seat of the royal house that ruled a majority of today's Nordic regions in a personal union with Sweden and Norway with the Danish monarch as head of state. The city flourished as a cultural and economic center in Scandinavia during the union for over 120 years, from the 15th century until the early 16th century, when the union was dissolved by Sweden's secession. After an outbreak of plague and fires in the 18th century, the city underwent a period of reconstruction. This included the construction of the exclusive Frederiksstaden neighborhood and the foundation of institutions such as the Royal Danish Theater and the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts . After further misfortunes in the 19th century, when Horatio Nelson attacked the Danish-Norwegian fleet and bombarded the city, the reconstruction during the Danish Golden Age brought a neoclassical touch to Copenhagen's architecture. Later, after the Second World War, the Fingerplan fostered urban development along five S-train lines with Copenhagen as the centre.
Since the turn of the millennium, Copenhagen has undergone strong urban and cultural development, facilitated by investments in its institutions and infrastructure. The city is Denmark's cultural, economic and administrative centre; it is one of the main financial centers in Northern Europe with the Copenhagen Stock Exchange . Copenhagen's economy has witnessed rapid development in the service sector, particularly through initiatives concerning information technology, pharmaceuticals and clean technology. Since the completion of the Øresund connection, Copenhagen has been increasingly integrated with the Swedish province of Skåne and its largest city Malmö, forming the Øresund region.
With a number of bridges connecting the different neighborhoods, the urban landscape is characterized by parks, promenades and waterfronts. Copenhagen's landmarks include Tivoli Gardens , The Little Mermaid , Amalienborg , Christiansborg , Rosenborg , the Marble Church , the Stock Exchange , the Glyptoteket , the National Museum , which are significant tourist attractions.
Copenhagen houses the University of Copenhagen , the Technical University of Denmark, CBS , the IT University of Copenhagen . Founded in 1479, the University of Copenhagen is Denmark's oldest university. Copenhagen is home to the football clubs FC Copenhagen and Brøndby IF . Copenhagen Marathon started in 1980. Copenhagen is one of the world's most bicycle-friendly cities.
The name
Elaborating Further article: Copenhagen's name
Before the Middle Ages , the name of the town was probably Havn. In the Middle Ages, the city was called Køpmannæhafn in Old Danish ; a name that translated into modern Danish means merchants' harbor and is an expression of the importance that merchants had for the city at this time.
A number of other names built over the original Danish name for the city are used in different languages. Examples include Swedish Copenhagen , German and Dutch Kopenhagen , English Copenhagen , Italian Copenaghen , French and Spanish Copenhague , Portuguese Copenhaga , Latin Hafnia , Czech Kodaň , Icelandic Kaupmannahöfn and Faroese Keypmannahavn .
In 1923 , the Latin version of the name became the basis for the naming of the newly discovered element hafnium , as the discovery took place at the current Niels Bohr Institute .
Nicknames
As befits big cities, Copenhagen also has nicknames and even several of this kind:
King's Copenhagen : over the centuries, changing kings have left their mark on the capital. This applies in particular to Christian IV , who, in addition to expanding the area within the city walls to three times the size, contributed buildings such as Rosenborg , Rundetårn and Børsen .
The city with beautiful towers : tourist slogan created by brewer Carl Jacobsen in 1910. It alludes to the many towers and spires that then and now leave their mark on Indre By in particular, and to which the generous brewer himself also contributed in the form of the spire at Nicholas Church .
Wonderful Copenhagen ("wonderful Copenhagen"): both a tourist slogan made famous by the actor Danny Kaye , who sang about the city in a 1952 film about HC Andersen , and the name of the city's official tourism organization, Wonderful Copenhagen .
The Paris of the North is also occasionally seen , but unlike the others, this flattering comparison with the City of Cities is not exclusive, as it is shared with both Norway's Tromsø and Denmark's Aalborg .
The name "Copenhagen" is used both for the city as a whole, which includes all or parts of 17 other municipalities, for the city without its suburbs (cf. the image of the road signs, according to which Copenhagen and Vanløse are two different places) and for Copenhagen Municipality . This article covers the city as a whole.
The total urban area is defined geographically by the Geodata Agency (with the so-called polygon method ), where water areas are deducted. The method follows the UN 's guidelines, where in order for an urban area to be considered integrated, there must not be more than 200 meters between the houses (parks and the like not included). However, the Geodata Agency still counts the entire municipalities of Copenhagen and Tårnby , despite the fact that this includes large completely undeveloped areas, e.g. on western Amager , Saltholm and Peberholm . The area occupies a little over 450 km 2 , but the city of Copenhagen itself occupies far from this geographical size. Statistics Denmark then obtains the number of inhabitants via CPR . It is also Statistics Denmark that presents the aggregated information. The extent of Copenhagen – the metropolitan area's urban area – appears from Statistics Denmark's map of urban areas and rural districts . (Zoom in, let the mouse slide over the dark blue areas and see where it says 'Capital area in ... Municipality'). The outermost parts of Copenhagen are thus Kastrup , Tårnby , Karlslunde , Albertslund , Ballerup , Hareskovby , Bagsværd , Holte , Øverød , Søllerød , Nærum and Klampenborg – but with green wedges in between that extend to e.g. Avedøre and Rødovre .
Although the urban area is clearly demarcated by the authorities, they use different designations for it. The Geodata Agency uses Copenhagen, while Statistics Denmark uses the metropolitan area , and on the road signs along the approach roads, the Road Directorate has chosen Greater Copenhagen . However, Copenhagen is the only one of the three designations authorized by the Place Names Committee . [However, in all cases the same area is meant.
Many residents of Copenhagen's suburbs, however, identify to a greater extent with the municipality they live in. This may be to distance themselves from Copenhagen Municipality , which, as by far the largest municipality, naturally often steals the picture. In practice, however, Copenhagen is so densely built-up that in many places it is difficult to see where the borders between the individual municipalities actually go. Outsiders, however, will typically consider the city as a whole, although here and there there is also a tendency to either limit it to the Municipality of Copenhagen or expand it to the entire Capital Region . Therefore, Copenhagen's population is given in some places as approx. 0.6 million (of the municipality) or approx. 2.0 million (of the metropolitan region), where the correct number is 1,363,296 ( as of 1 January 2020 ).
Furthermore, a number of administrative divisions have used Copenhagen or the capital in their name. For example , the Capital Region also includes Bornholm , regardless of the fact that this island is approx. 130 km away, and the former Copenhagen County, despite the name, did not include the Municipality of Copenhagen , although the county seat was located there for a number of years.
History
Elaborating In-depth article: Copenhagen's history
History up to the 12th century
A number of finds from prehistoric times have been made in the Copenhagen area. At the building of Amager Strandpark, one found e.g. remains of a coastal settlement from the Neolithic . Burial mounds in the suburbs indicate human activity in prehistoric times, and many of the town names in the vicinity of Copenhagen also bear witness to the founding of towns in the greater Copenhagen area in the Viking Age .
Until recently, the oldest traces of urban settlement in the Copenhagen area were within the ramparts from around the year 1000, where traces of a small fishing village were found where Copenhagen is today. Fiskerlejet was located just north of Copenhagen's Town Hall around Mikkel Bryggers Gade, which at the time lay by the sea. But in connection with the excavation of the Metro, traces of boat bridges at Gammel Strand have been found, dating all the way back to around the year 700. During the excavation of the metro station at Kongens Nytorv, traces of a farm from the Viking Age have also been found.
1043-1536: The Middle Ages
The first time the precursor to Copenhagen under the name "Havn" is mentioned in the sources, is in connection with a naval battle between Svend Estridsen and the Norwegian king Magnus the Good in 1043. After that, there is silence about the city's fate in the next approx. 120 years.
It is likely that during the 12th century the city was able to profit from its central location between the large cathedral cities of Lund and Roskilde and thus was an important point for traffic and trade between the two cities. The natural harbor and the small island of Slotsholmen , which was easy to defend, probably also gave the city great advantages. In the second half of the 12th century, the silence about the town is broken, when Saxo mentions that Pope Urban III in 1186 confirms that the small town "Hafn", together with a number of other towns that King Valdemar had previously given to Bishop Absalon, must continue belong to Absalom. The exact year of King Valdemar's gift is not known, as the deed of gift that Absalon received has disappeared. From around 1167-1171 , Absalon built a castle and a city wall on the site.
Under Absalon's leadership, the city began to grow. Especially in the 13th century, the city expanded, so that it gradually came to cover a larger part of the area between Kongens Nytorv and Rådhuspladsen . Gråbrødre Kloster and the churches Our Lady , St. Peder (now St. Petri) and St. Nikolai were all built in the first half of the 13th century. The 13th century was a turbulent time in Danish history , which was expressed in the fierce battle between successive bishops and kings for the right to the city. However, in 1251 Bishop Jakob Erlandsen was able to force the pressured King Abel to surrender the city to him, and in 1254 this bishop gave the city its first city court. Five years later, in 1259, the city was attacked and plundered by the Rygian prince Jaromar .
Gradually, the city began to grow into the kingdom's largest and most important, although it had not yet become the capital. Although the city was the largest, there were still less than 5,000 inhabitants, and thus only a few hundred fewer in cities such as Ribe and Århus. The location in the middle of the kingdom with a natural harbor on an important sea trade route was ideal. In 1419, a Danish king, Erik of Pomerania , finally managed to permanently take power over the city from the church, and in 1443 Christopher III made the city a royal residence. In 1479 the university was founded. Copenhagen was now the country's most important city.
Christian IV was of great importance to Copenhagen. Under him, the city's old walls, which had hitherto been along Gothersgade around 1647, were moved, so that they ran along the current railway line between Nørreport and Østerport, bypassing the Nyboder newly built by Christian IV . Copenhagen's ramparts were also expanded with defenses in the newly built area of Christianshavn .
From 1658-1660 during the First Karl Gustav War, Copenhagen was the last area in the kingdom under Danish control, but under siege by the Swedish troops led by Karl X Gustav . In February 1659, the Swedes tried to take the town by storm , but a joint effort by soldiers and the townspeople held them back. After the unsuccessful storming, however, the Swedes kept the city besieged until 27 May 1660. As an offshoot of the Peace of Copenhagen, the monarchy was introduced in 1660 under Frederik III and Copenhagen became an even more important city in Denmark, because it was from here that the increasingly centralist Danish state was governed. As part of this process, in 1660, Copenhagen got a new form of management called the City's 32 men , which was a precursor to the current Citizens' Representation .
In 1711-1712, one of the worst plague epidemics in Copenhagen's history ravaged . The plague killed approximately 22,000 of the city's approximately 60,000 inhabitants. A few years later, things went wrong once again, when just over a quarter of the city's buildings went up in smoke during a city fire in 1728 .
Inspired by European ideas, Frederiksstaden was founded in 1748 north of Kongens Nytorv with Amalienborg as the most beautiful part. In the latter half of the 18th century, during the Florissant period, Copenhagen experienced an enormous boom as a result of the profitable trade with the warring powers, England and France. However, the boom period ended for a time when first Christiansborg burned in 1794 and then a town fire in 1795 ravaged the inner city, and then the British navy came to claim Denmark's navy, which triggered the Battle of the Nest in 1801 , as part of the Napoleonic Wars . Parts of the city were also damaged in that conflict. However, the damage was far from the extent of the damage caused by the landed British army during the English bombardment of the city in 1807 , where large areas of the city burned down, as the British military used rockets. The medieval Church of Our Lady also went up in flames. The challenges for Denmark and Copenhagen end with the state bankruptcy in 1813 and the loss of Norway, and the accompanying trade from Copenhagen to Norway, in 1814.
After the tumultuous events in the years up to 1814, Denmark and Copenhagen had ended up as a small, poor country. It was therefore not immediately possible to rebuild the public buildings that had been destroyed by the bombardment, such as Our Lady's Church and the university , until well into the 19th century. When the economy finally got going, this gave rise to enormous development and most of Copenhagen's inner city is characterized by the reconstructions after the fires and the bombing. Culturally, Copenhagen came to form the framework for one of the most rewarding cultural periods in Danish history, the Golden Age , which was characterized by, among other things, CF Hansen , Bertel Thorvaldsen and Søren Kierkegaard . This was followed by industrialization in the second half of the 19th century. After a major cholera epidemic in 1853, it was finally decided to take down the old ramparts.
It was now allowed to build permanent, foundation-walled new construction outside the ramparts. This release, in combination with very liberal building legislation, led to a building boom in the bridge districts and a significant increase in the population. Around 1800, approximately 100,000 people lived in the capital, and at the start of the 20th century there were almost 500,000.
The new districts became very different: Frederiksberg and Østerbro became neighborhoods of the bourgeoisie ; Nørrebro and Vesterbro, on the other hand, became workers' districts.
As a replacement for the old fortress, the Estrup government adopted the construction of the large fortifications , including the Vestvolden, from 1886 . It was Denmark's largest workplace and was only later surpassed by the Great Belt connection . The construction of large projects such as the Free Harbor (1894), the Town Hall (1905) and the Central Station (1911) also left their mark. Copenhagen had become an industrial metropolis, home to companies on an international scale such as Burmeister & Wain , Østasiatisk Kompagni and the Great Nordic Telegraph Company .
After a weak start ( the Battle of Fælleden ), the labor movement had its breakthrough in the capital of the 20th century, where the post of finance mayor was taken over in 1903 by trade unionist Jens Jensen . In 1901, the municipality incorporated a number of parishes, including Brønshøj and Valby , and in 1902 the municipality of Sundbyernes was incorporated . The municipality's area was thus tripled, leaving Frederiksberg as an enclave in Copenhagen Municipality.
From World War I to the present
This section describes the period from the start of World War I in 1914 to the present day. The policy of neutrality meant that Copenhagen was not particularly affected by the First World War. The so-called goulash barons made a lot of money from stock speculation and from exporting meat products to Germany . After the First World War, there was a shortage of most things, and a great deal of unemployment contributed to a lot of unrest, especially in Copenhagen's working-class neighborhoods. In 1922, the Copenhagen-based Landmandsbanken went bankrupt, dragging many people down with it.
From 1917, the Social Democrats had a majority in the municipality's board. This led to increased public welfare, municipal housing construction, etc. The construction of Fælledparken and other parks was another result of the municipality's new social and health policy programme, which, among other things, as a result of the housing crises of 1908 and 1916 focused on building housing that was not influenced by building speculation. As buildings were built on the lands outside the Søerne and on the areas around e.g. Brønshøj and Valby, which had been merged with Copenhagen Municipality in 1901, approached Copenhagen with surrounding towns such as Lyngby, Herlev and Rødovre. And gradually these became suburbs. Due to a lack of suitable land in the inner city, much of the urban development took place around these cities. This development was also helped by more public transport, i.a. the opening of the S train lines from 1934.
During World War II, Copenhagen, like the rest of Denmark , was occupied by German troops. Several buildings were destroyed during the occupation either by sabotage or by attacks from the allied forces. Among these can be mentioned that the Shell House , which was the headquarters of the Gestapo , was bombed by British planes on 21 March 1945 . During this attack , the French School in Frederiksberg was hit and many children were killed. Many industrial buildings in Copenhagen were also blown up by the Danish resistance movement . One of the biggest popular protests against the conditions under the German occupation was the People's Uprising in 1944
After the war, the increasing use of motor vehicles became increasingly important for the city's development, and this caused the master plan's ideas of a Copenhagen built around collective S-train traffic to become somewhat diluted. Some suburbs grew up away from the S-train network. In the 1960s, development in the Municipality of Copenhagen seemed to have almost come to a standstill, while in the suburban municipalities people were building on life. Gladsaxe Municipality under Erhard Jakobsen and Albertslund are examples of this development in Copenhagen's surrounding municipalities.
Inner Copenhagen, on the other hand, experienced a period of decline from the 1960s with the relocation of industry and residents. This development began to reverse around 1990. Especially with the urban renewal plans from 1991, many run-down neighborhoods slowly but surely became desirable. With the construction of the subway and housing along the harbor, the inner city has become better connected. The construction of the Øresund Bridge in 2000 has connected Copenhagen with western Scania, and the city thus strengthened its status as the center of the Øresund region .
While Ungdomshuset på Jagtvej existed, the Nørrebro area in particular was regularly characterized by violent demonstrations that emanated from here. This culminated in the demolition of the house in March 2007, and subsided in mid-2008, when a new house was built for the young people in North West. Since then, there have been no major demonstrations based on the movement around the Youth House.
During the period, the housing market in the city was approx. 2002–2007, along with the rest of the country, characterized by a housing bubble. This stopped, as in the rest of Denmark, in 2006/2007, when large price drops were experienced. However, Copenhagen recovered quickly and the Copenhagen housing market has been characterized by rising prices since 2009 and today ( 2021 ) prices are higher than prices were at their peak in 2006. At the beginning of the period, it was also possible to assess cooperative housing according to market price. This opened up the otherwise closed co-operative housing market, and instead of being traded through closed lists and sometimes money under the table, co-operative housing is now most often traded in free trade. During the bubble period it was popular to settle in Malmö in Sweden and work in Copenhagen. In 2021, there have been large price increases again and some politicians spoke of further restrictions on the possibilities of borrowing, while others spoke of the fact that it was not necessary.
In 2020, Copenhagen, like the rest of Denmark and the rest of the world, was hit by the Coronavirus pandemic . The authorities recommended homework and shut down entertainment.
Future plans
Until around 2025, four major expansion areas are planned in the Municipality of Copenhagen, which will provide space for 45,000 new Copenhageners; Ørestad south of Field's and on Amager Fælled , Nordhavnen , Valby around New Ellebjerg Station and the Carlsberg plot north of Carlsberg Station are to be developed. Likewise, it is planned that the former freight railway area between Dybbølsbro Station and Hovedbanegården is to be developed, but primarily with business, i.a. hotels and Ikea . All the areas are either old industrial areas or land reclamation, except for Amager Fælled which is originally salt meadow. The municipality of Copenhagen is also planning a very large development in the north-eastern harbor area in the form of Lynetteholmen .
In the preliminary municipal plan 2021, Frederiksberg Municipality plans urban development around e.g. Nordens Plads and the Hospital grounds where Frederiksberg Hospital used to be located. In addition, the focus is on conservation and hollow filling with either new buildings or green areas.
In Rødovre there are three primary urban development areas Rødovre North, the City Core (around Rødovre Centrum ) and Rødovre South. At the City Center, among other things, the possibilities of making a metro stop by extending one of the existing metro lines.
A major challenge with the many additional residents will be to make room for the traffic in the city. The extension in 2019 of the metro with the City Ring and the construction of light rail along ring 3 from Lyngby to Ishøj should create even more coherence in Copenhagen's public transport. There has also been talk for many years about an Eastern Ring Road around the central parts of the city. One possibility is that the eastern ring road can go over Lynetteholmen .
Geography
Geographically, Copenhagen is located in north-eastern Zealand with part of the city on the island of Amager . Western Copenhagen stretches relatively flat further into Zealand, while to both north and south you can experience more hilly terrain. In north-western Copenhagen, e.g. around Søborg and Høje Gladsaxe a larger chain of hills with heights up to 50 meters above sea level. These hilly landscapes in northern Copenhagen are intersected by a number of lakes and Mølleåen . Due to height in the Gladsaxe area, the Gladsaxe transmitter and Copenhagen's water supply have been placed here . In the south-western part of Copenhagen, a calcareous landslide rises at the Carlsberg fault . The more central parts of Copenhagen consist primarily of flatter landscape, alternating in Valby and Brønshøj with less domed hills. Two valley systems follow these small hill ranges from northeast to southwest. In one valley you will find the lakes , in the other you will find Damhussøen . These smaller valleys are crossed by the rivers Harrestrup Å and Ladegårdsåen . Amager and most of the inner city is flat coastal land.
Geologically speaking, Copenhagen, like most of Denmark, rests on an Ice Age bedrock moraine landscape, which in turn rests on a harder subsoil of limestone . In certain places in the area, there is only ten meters down to the limestone layer, which caused considerable problems during the construction of the metro.
Religion
A majority (56.5%) of those who live in the Diocese of Copenhagen are members of the People's Church, and the number is decreasing. The national cathedral, Vor Frue Kirke, is one of numerous churches in Copenhagen. There are also several other Christian congregations in the city, the largest of which is Roman Catholic.
Foreign immigration to Copenhagen, which has increased over the past three decades, has contributed to increasing religious diversity; The Hamad Bin Khalifa Civilization Center opened in 2014. Islam is the second largest religion in Copenhagen, making up an estimated 10% of the population. Although there are no official statistics, it is estimated that a significant proportion of the estimated 175,000–200,000 Muslims in the country live in the Copenhagen area, with the highest concentration in Nørrebro and Vesteggen . There are also up to 7,000 Jews in Denmark, with most living in Copenhagen, where there are several synagogues. Jews have a long history in the city and the first synagogue in Copenhagen was built in 1684. Today, the history of Danish Jews can be experienced at the Danish Jewish Museum in Copenhagen.
Music, theater and opera
The oldest and most famous theater in the capital is the Royal Theater , founded in 1748 , located at the end of Kongens Nytorv. Since its foundation, the theater has been the national stage for theatre , plays , opera and ballet . The theater has a large stage called Gamle scene , which can accommodate approx. 1,600 spectators. Within the last few years, however, opera and plays have been given independent buildings. The opera house was built in 2005 on Holmen opposite Amalienborg and can accommodate up to 1,703 spectators. The theater was built in 2008 at Kvæsthusbroen near Nyhavn. The Royal Danish Ballet can still be found on the old stage of the Royal Danish Theatre. Since it was founded in 1748, it is one of the oldest ballet companies in Europe. It is the home of the Bournonville ballet style .
In addition to the more traditional offerings such as theatre, opera and ballet, which the Royal Theater can offer, there are a multitude of other theaters that offer reinterpretations of classic plays as well as completely new pieces and genres, such as Folketeatret and Nørrebro Teater .
Copenhagen has had a large jazz scene for many years . Jazz came to Copenhagen in the 1960s, when American jazz musicians such as Ben Webster , Thad Jones and Dexter Gordon moved to the city. Musically, they gathered at Jazzhus Montmartre , which in the 1960s was the European center for modern jazz. The jazz club closed in 1995, reopened in May 2010, but is expected to close again in 2020/2021 due to challenges arising in connection with the shutdown due to the corona epidemic. Every year in July, the Copenhagen Jazz Festival is celebrated , which fills venues and squares with jazz concerts.
The most important venue for rhythmic music in Copenhagen is Vega on Vesterbro, which was voted "best concert venue in Europe" by the international music magazine Live Pumpehuset and Den Grå Hal are also popular indoor concert venues. The largest indoor concerts are held in the Park , where there is room for up to 55,000 spectators. The biggest outdoor concerts are often arranged in Valbyparken , including Grøn Koncert , which has ended the tour in Copenhagen since 1985 and since 2017 has also started in Copenhagen.
For free entertainment, you can take a walk up Strøget, especially between Nytorv and Højbro Plads , which in the late afternoon and evening transforms into an improvised three-ring circus with musicians, magicians , jugglers and other street performances.
Museums
As Denmark's capital, Copenhagen contains some of the most important collections of Danish history and culture, but some museums also have collections of great international quality. The National Museum , founded in 1807, is the most important museum in Denmark for culture and history. The museum contains, among other things, a multitude of ancient finds with priceless objects such as The Sun Chariot . New Carlsberg Glyptotek also displays a wide collection of objects from prehistoric times to the present day. The museum has ancient collections from Mesopotamia , Egypt including a large collection of mummies , Ancient Greece with a piece from the Parthenon Frieze that is of international quality, and various artifacts from Ancient Rome . The Glyptotek is completely unique and the only one of its kind in the Nordic countries .
The Statens Museum for Kunst is the country's largest art museum with large collections and often exhibitions of recent art. Thorvaldsen's Museum from 1848 with Bertel Thorvaldsen's many figures was the city's first proper art museum. The Hirschsprung collection contains mostly paintings from the Golden Age and by the Skagen painters . The modern art is presented primarily in Arken in Ishøj and Louisiana in Humlebæk north of Copenhagen.
In addition to Danish art and handicrafts , David's Collection contains one of the ten most important collections of Islamic art in the Western world. The war museum from 1838 contains an enormous collection of military equipment from the Middle Ages until recent times.
The natural history museums are represented by the Botanical Garden , the Geological Museum and the Zoological Museum . The three museums have entered into a collaboration, the Statens Natural History Museum, and are expected to be united in a building at the Botanical Gardens in 2024 as a national natural history museum. Experimentarium and Planetarium deal with general physics and astronomy .
Copenhagen also contains more specialized museums such as the Arbejdermuseet , Frihedsmuseet , Copenhagen City Museum , Storm P Museum and Enigma (expected to open in 2022) which is a successor to the Post & Tele Museum .
Parks, forests, lakes and beaches
Copenhagen has a number of parks, the two largest being Valbyparken and Fælledparken , respectively. 64 and 58 ha. Valbyparken is also surrounded by football pitches and allotment gardens. A beach is being built ( as of 2021 ) at the water's edge facing the Port of Copenhagen. The large lawn in the park lays, among other things, place for Green Concert . The public park on Østerbro is among the most visited attractions in Denmark, with several million visitors a year. The third largest park in Copenhagen is Frederiksberg Have (32 ha). Here you can e.g. enjoy the view of Norman Foster's elephant house in the Zoo , which occupies the western part of the garden.
In addition to parks, the city has some very open natural areas, the largest of which is Amager Fælled at 223 ha. Amager Fælled consists of approx. one quarter original salt marsh and three quarters filled seabed. The community has been continuously reduced and has ceded areas to e.g. Ørestad and ball fields. There are currently being prepared to be built in the southern part. This construction creates ( as of 2021 ) a lot of debate, especially in the Copenhagen media and in Copenhagen politics. In addition, there is the Sydhavnstippen , which is a 40 ha natural area with plenty of wildlife and plant life.
Another very popular park is Kongens Have in central Copenhagen with Rosenborg Castle . The park has been open to the public since the beginning of the 18th century. Centrally in the city along the former ramparts are a number of parks, of which Tivoli is the best known.
Something special for Copenhagen is that several cemeteries also have a double function as parks, although only for quiet activities. Assistens Kirkegård , where HC Andersen is buried, among other things, is an important green breathing hole for Indre Nørrebro . It is official policy in Copenhagen that in 2015 all residents must be able to reach a park or beach on foot in less than 15 minutes.
In addition to parks, Copenhagen also has a number of forests, including Vestskoven (15 km²) in the western part and Hareskoven (9 km²) in the northwestern part. The animal park (11 km²) is located in the northern part and contains both forest, plain and a golf course.
Just west of the ring of parks from the old ramparts are Copenhagen's Indre Søer . Other significant lakes include Damhussøen and i.a. Utterslev Mose and Bagsværd Lake .
Copenhagen has a number of sandy beaches. The largest is Amager Strandpark , which opened in 2005 , which includes a 2 km long artificial island and a total of 4.6 km of sandy beach. In addition, there are e.g. beaches at Bellevue and Charlottenlund along the north coast and Brøndby along the south coast. The beaches are complemented by several harbor baths along the waterfront. The first and most popular of these is located at Islands Brygge .
Media and Film
Many Danish media companies have their headquarters in Copenhagen. The state-funded DR started its radio activities here in 1925. At the beginning of the 1950s, the company was also responsible for spreading television throughout the country. Today, the media company has several television and TV channels, which are controlled from DR Byen , built in 2006/07 in Ørestad . The Odense -based TV 2 has gathered its Copenhagen activities at Teglholmen .
Two of the three major national newspapers, Politiken and Berlingske , as well as the two major tabloid newspapers , Ekstra Bladet and BT, have their headquarters in Copenhagen. Furthermore, Jyllands-Posten has a newsroom in the city. In 2003 Politikens Hus merged with Morgenavisen Jyllands-Posten and formed the company JP/Politikens Hus . Berlingske , founded in 1749, is Denmark's oldest newspaper. Berlingske Media , which i.a. publisher Berlingske is owned by the London -based Mecom Group . In addition, there are a large number of local newspapers such as Vesterbro Avis . Other media companies include Aller Media , which is the largest publisher of weekly and monthly magazines in Scandinavia, Egmont , which, among others, is behind Nordisk Film , and Gyldendal , the largest Danish book publisher.
Copenhagen also has a relatively large film and television industry. Filmbyen , located on a disused military base in the suburb of Hvidovre , houses several film companies and studios. Among the film companies is Zentropa , in which the film director Lars von Trier is a co-owner, who is behind several international film productions and who was one of the founders of the dogma movement . Historically, Copenhagen, and especially the company Nordisk Film , was the center of the film industry in Northern Europe in the 1910s and 1920s, with hundreds of annual film productions. Nordisk Film in Valby still produces many films and today has 1,200 employees (as of 2006 ) and is the largest producer and distributor of electronic entertainment in the Nordics.
The largest concentration of cafes is in Indre By, Østerbro and Vesterbro. The first Copenhagen cafe opened in 1831 at the Hotel D'Angleterre , but it was only with the opening of Café Sommersko in 1976 that the cafe culture really came to Copenhagen, and there are now over 300 cafes spread across the city.
Copenhagen's nightlife is centered around Indre by, Nørrebro and Vesterbro, i.a. Laurits Betjent , Nasa , Rust and Vega .
Within the last decade, Copenhagen has really distinguished itself with restaurants that can measure up among the best. Most prominent is Noma , with 2 stars in the Michelin guide since 2007, which has also been named the best restaurant in the world. In addition to Noma, Copenhagen had 11 restaurants that have received one star in the Michelin guide per 2021. With 18 stars, Copenhagen is the Nordic city with the most stars, which has been the case for a number of years. In 2016, Restaurant Geranium was the first Danish restaurant ever to receive three Michelin stars (which is the highest score), which they have maintained ever since.
The sausage cart has traditionally been the favorite place to eat for the little hungry, but is now being challenged by burger bars, pizzerias , shawarma and sushi bars and the like. Smørrebrød restaurants are another type of lunch catering that is characteristic of Copenhagen.
Copenhagen is the capital in the world where organic food has the largest market share. One in ten purchases is organic in Copenhagen.
Sports
Copenhagen represents a wide range of sports and is often a leader in the field in Denmark . Larger sports facilities include The park , but also e.g. Brøndby Stadium , Farum Park and Gladsaxe Stadium for football, Østerbro Stadium for athletics, Ballerup Super Arena for track cycling , Rødovre Skøjte Arena for ice hockey , Brøndbyhallen for handball and Bagsværd Rostadion for rowing .
The largest Danish stadium Parken , located on Østerbro , is both the home ground for the Danish national football team and the football club FC Copenhagen . FC Copenhagen has for a number of years been very dominant in the Danish Superliga with thirteen championships since 2000 . In addition, Copenhagen is, among other things, hometown of football clubs Brøndby IF , AB , B.93 , Frem and Fremad Amager . In addition to the park, larger football stadiums include Brøndby Stadium (Denmark's second largest), Gladsaxe Stadium and Farum Park . Østerbro Stadium is the city's largest stadium for athletics .
Within handball , KIF Kolding København is the biggest Copenhagen team. However, they only have a men's team associated with the handball league . KIF Kolding Copenhagen is a partial continuation of AG Copenhagen , which merged with Kolding IF Handball . Despite great success in the Champions League in the spring of 2012 , AG Copenhagen suddenly fell into financial crisis in the summer of the same year , which led to the club filing for bankruptcy on 31 July 2012 .
Within athletics , it is the club Sparta in particular that has made a name for itself and the men's team has won the Danish athletics tournament 29 years in a row until 2014 and the women's team has won the Danish athletics tournament 17 years in a row until 2014. The Copenhagen Athletics Games were held in the period 2005 –2007, and before that the Copenhagen Games were held (1973-1986). Both aspired to display world-class athleticism.
The DM in ice hockey for men was won many times until the mid-1970s by the Copenhagen clubs KSF and Rungsted IK . Since then, the DM has primarily been won by Jutland clubs, while Rungsted Seier Capital and Rødovre Mighty Bulls have changed to being Copenhagen's best men's ice hockey team. On the women's side, Hvidovre Ishockey Klub has been very dominant in the DM with 8 championships in the 10 tournaments since 2011, often with Herlev IK as the closest competitor.
Copenhagen has a long tradition of rowing and has produced several national team rowers. DSR , which is Denmark's largest rowing club, and Kvik , both located in Svanemøllebugten , have rowed the traditional swan mill match every year since 1895 . In addition, there are a number of other clubs, e.g. Copenhagen Rowing Club and Bagsværd Rowing Club .
Copenhagen can display a number of golf courses , including Copenhagen Golf Club in Dyrehaven and Royal Golf Center in Ørestad . The Royal Golf Center has been built with a view to being able to hold PGA tournaments .
In the Municipality of Copenhagen, plans have been made to make Copenhagen the host of future international sporting events. In 2009 , Copenhagen hosted the World Outgames , which is an international gay sporting event. And the ambition of holding world championships in e.g. handball and ice hockey are currently being strengthened by the construction of the Copenhagen Arena .
For equestrian sports, the Charlottenlund Track , which opened in 1891 and is the oldest in the Nordic region , can be found in the northern suburbs . Likewise, to the north, there is also the Klampenborg Galopbane . From 1922 to 1976, the Amager Trotting Track also existed in Tårnby .
Copenhagen was one of the host cities at the European Football Championship 2020 , which took place in June and July 2021. Three group stage matches and a round of 16 final were played in Parken .
The 1st stage of the Tour de France 2022 was run as a single start in the city center on 1 July .
Economy
Elaborating In-depth article: Copenhagen's economy
As the country's largest urban area, the capital area is a natural economic powerhouse for the country, but also for southern Sweden, the urban area plays an important economic role.
Previously, Copenhagen was characterized by a number of large industrial companies such as Burmeister & Wain and Dansk Sojakagefabrik . Copenhagen was also the starting point for CF Tietgen's extensive network of companies ( Privatbanken , Det Store Nordiske Telegrafselskab , De Danske Spritfabrikker and others). However, since the end of the Second World War, in line with similar trends in the rest of Europe, heavy industry has moved outside the city or completely out of the country, and Copenhagen has increasingly become a city of knowledge.
Politically, most of the central administration is located in Copenhagen, where most ministries have offices on or in the area around Slotsholmen . Likewise, most agencies are located in the Copenhagen area, which together with the many private knowledge workplaces provides a highly specialized labor market with many knowledge-intensive jobs.
The Copenhagen area is home to a handful of strong business clusters in the areas of biotech , cleantech , IT and shipping . The clusters within biotech and cleantech have many overlaps, within e.g. biomass production. Both clusters are supported by cluster organizations for the growth and promotion of the industries. Within biotech, the cluster organization is Medicon Valley and within cleantech/environmental technology, it is the newly founded Copenhagen Cleantech Cluster . Clusters have received a greater focus from the regional political side, as clusters such as the cleantech cluster cover more than 350 companies and approx. 30,000 jobs.
Several of the largest Danish companies have their headquarters in the city area; especially companies within the pharmaceutical industry ( Novo Nordisk , Lundbeck , Ferring and others) and shipping ( AP Møller-Mærsk , Torm , D/S Norden , J. Lauritzen) are important for the area's economy. Likewise, several large financial groups together with the National Bank characterize central Copenhagen, including Danske Bank , Nordea Bank Danmark and Nykredit . Carlsberg , ISS and Skandinavisk Tobakskompagni are other large companies headquartered in the Copenhagen area.
Tourism
According to the tourist organization HORESTA, the number of hotel nights in the capital region in 2018 was approx. nine million, which is approx. 1 million more than in 2012. Most foreign tourists in Copenhagen continue to come from Sweden , Norway and Germany .
Hotels
Elaborating Detailed article: Copenhagen hotels
In Copenhagen, there are five 5-star hotels, which include counts Hotel Nimb in Tivoli and Hotel Skt. Petri in Indre By . An extensive renovation in 2012–2013 of the famous Hotel D'Angleterre on Kongens Nytorv has made the hotel Copenhagen's only 6-star hotel.
Copenhagen has a total of 12 hotels with more than 300 rooms and Europe's largest hostel, Danhostel Copenhagen City at Kalvebod Brygge , with a total of 1020 beds. The city's – and Scandinavia's – largest hotel is the 75 meter high Bella Sky Comwell in Ørestad with a total of 812 rooms spread over two towers. With its 86 meters and 26 floors , the Radisson Blu Scandinavia Hotel at Islands Brygge is Denmark's tallest hotel. 8 out of Copenhagen's 11 largest hotels were built in the 21st century , whereas the Admiral Hotel in Frederiksstaden , which opened in 1978 , is located in a building built in 1787 . The Radisson Blu Royal Hotel by Arne Jacobsen from 1960 is also worth mentioning. It is centrally located at Vesterport .
Cruise tourism
Since the 1990s, cruise tourism – like many other large port cities in Europe and the rest of the world – has seen significant growth in Copenhagen. In the period 2005-2012, the number of calls increased by over 100, and the number of passengers almost doubled as the tonnage increased. In the Port of Copenhagen, cruise ships dock in three different – and from 2014 four – areas : Langeliniekaj , Nordre Toldbod , Frihavnen and Nordhavnen (opens in 2014). In 2012, a cruise ship docked in the Port of Copenhagen 372 times with a total of 840,000 passengers, which was the best season so far in both Copenhagen and the rest of Denmark. Copenhagen is thus Scandinavia's largest cruise port and Northern Europe's second largest, surpassed only by Southampton .
Business clusters
The Copenhagen area is home to a handful of strong business clusters in the areas of biotech , cleantech , IT and shipping . The clusters within biotech and cleantech have many overlaps, within e.g. biomass production. Both clusters are supported by cluster organizations for the growth and promotion of the industries. Within biotech, the cluster organization is Medicon Valley and within cleantech/environmental technology, it is the newly founded Copenhagen Cleantech Cluster . The latter is considered one of the strongest in the world, partly as a result of annual growth rates of over 10% within exports.
Within shipping, the activities are gathered in The Danish Maritime Cluster , which has its center in Copenhagen. It is one of the world's leading maritime clusters, and accounts for 24% of Denmark's exports and 10% of total Danish production. The cluster as a whole employs 80,000 people in the companies themselves and 35,000 in related occupations, the majority of which are found in the large shipping companies in Copenhagen. The cluster has a large number of partners in education and research, including among others CBS , the University of Copenhagen and DTU . The organization of the cluster is led by the Maritime Development Center and Europe , which is also located in the city.
Within financial IT, there is also a business cluster. While finance and IT make up 5% of Denmark's general employment, the figure is 14% for the Capital Region. Since 2009, the organization Copenhagen Finance IT Region has tried to develop and maintain the industry in the region. One of the challenges is that 50% of jobs in the sector are at risk in relation to outsourcing, compared to 25% for the service sector in general. The cluster organization has a number of partners, including CBS , the Swedish Financial Agency , Dansk Metal and DI ITEK .
Retail
Strøget and Købmagergade are the two biggest shopping streets with the biggest and most common shops, while many of the side streets have the more "quirky" shops. On Gammeltorv by Strøget is the Caritas well, which is considered one of the finest memorials from the Renaissance . [169] In the bridge districts, especially the main streets, such as Nørrebrogade , Amagerbrogade and Østerbrogade from the center, function as traditional shopping streets.
In central Copenhagen are the department stores Magasin du Nord , Illum and Illums Bolighus , while shopping centers are found in several different places in the city, with Fields in Ørestad, City 2 in Taastrup and Fisketorvet at Dybbølsbro being the largest. In the central districts, other centers include e.g. Amager Centre , Frederiksberg Centre , Nørrebro City Center and Spinderiet in Valby, as well as Copenhagen Central Station and Copenhagen Airport also contain a number of shops. In the suburban areas there are e.g. Lyngby Storcenter , Glostrup Storcenter and Rødovre Centrum .
Architecture and urban planning
Copenhagen is famous for having a balance between new and old architecture and a homogeneous building mass of 5-6 storeys in height. In 2008 , the Citizens' Representative Council decided that Indre By should be kept free of high-rise buildings . Thus, large parts of Indre By appear quite well preserved despite historic city fires and bombardments, although many of the famous towers and spires are of recent date. However, large city fires have meant that there are not very many buildings older than 1728 left. Contrary to e.g. Stockholm is Copenhagen, characterized by point-by-point renovations of the building stock rather than violent clearances of larger neighborhoods. At the same time, the economy has often put restrictions on the most ambitious projects, which is why knock-on solutions such as at the Statens Museum for Art are widespread. Large parts of Indre By are subject to building conservation .
Some of the oldest buildings in the inner city are Sankt Petri Church from the 15th century and the Consistory House from approx. 1420 . Christian IV occupies a special place in the city's history. Not only did he double the city's area and build Christianshavn and Nyboder, but he was also the capital's first urban planner. Of all the king's many magnificent buildings, Børsen (1619–25) in the Dutch Renaissance style stands out as a unique building in European architecture. Baroque Copenhagen is also represented by the famous twisted staircase spire on the tower of Our Saviour's Church .
The new district of Frederiksstaden , which was started in 1749, was characterized by the Rococo style. In the center, a large square, Amalienborg Palace Square , was built with four noble palaces surrounding the Equestrian Statue of Frederik 5. . The entire neighborhood is included in the Kulturkanonen .
After the city's fire in 1795 and the British bombardment in 1807, large parts of the city had to be rebuilt. It became a house, with corners cut off so that the fire escapes could get around the corners. Most of Indre By is characterized by this architecture.
The fall of the ramparts (1856) was the start of an unbridled era, where new neighborhoods quickly sprung up. In the bridge quarters and on Gammelholm , an abysmal difference arose between the decorated facades facing the street and the dark backyards and small apartments.
One of the greatest architects of the 20th century, Arne Jacobsen, introduced modernism to Denmark and marked the city with, among other things, Royal Hotel (1960) and Nationalbank (1978).
The post-war planning of the capital area was supported by the Finger plan (1947). The finger plan determined that the urban densification in the future should primarily be concentrated in corridors along the S-Bahn network, while the spaces in between should be kept free for green areas.
The 1970s and 1980s were characterized by international modular architecture with no distinctive character and a building zeal that was mainly concentrated around the suburban municipalities, most often in the form of prefabricated concrete construction . In the central parts of Copenhagen during the period, the focus was mostly on urban renovations , this time aimed at the miserable backyard carts in the bridge districts.
At the beginning of the 1990s, the Municipality of Copenhagen was in crisis, but there was still enough money to initiate large conservation urban renewal projects on Vesterbro and Amagerbro . The construction of Ørestad was supposed to help pull the capital out of the doldrums.
Towards the end of the century, a real flourishing in architecture began with the additions to the Statens Museum for Art and the Royal Library. Then followed significant buildings such as the Opera House , the Theater House and the Tietgen College in Ørestad Nord.
High-rises and towers
Copenhagen has long been a densely built-up but not very tall city. This is due, among other things, to a great respect for the city's historic towers and very strict local plans . In the past 100 years, the general maximum building height has been approx. 25 meters. This has meant that the tallest buildings in Indre By to date are the towers and spires of Copenhagen City Hall , Christiansborg , Our Saviour's Church and Nikolaj Kunsthal .
The tallest buildings in Copenhagen are Herlev Hospital at 120 m and the tower at Christiansborg at 106 m. [ source missing ] However, the tallest man-made structure in Copenhagen is the Gladsaxesenderen at 220 metres. With its 267 m (incl. 47 m natural height), the top of the Gladsaxesenderen is the third highest point in Denmark after two other transmitter masts. [ source missing ] Domus Vista in Frederiksberg was, until Turning Torso in Malmö was inaugurated in 2005, the tallest residential building in the Nordic region, but is now only the second tallest.
Famous Copenhageners
Frank Arnesen , soccer player, soccer coach and talent manager
Bille August , film director
Herman Bang , journalist and author
Niels Bohr , physicist and Nobel Prize winner
Aage Bohr , physicist and Nobel laureate (Niels Bohr's son)
Victor Borge , entertainer
August Bournonville , ballet choreographer
Georg Brandes , cultural and literary critic
Helena Christensen , supermodel
Tove Ditlevsen , author
Carl Th. Dreyer , film director
Rune Glifberg , skateboarder
Vilhelm Hammershøi , painter
Gus Hansen , poker player
Iben Hjejle , actor
Peter Høeg , author
Arne Jacobsen , architect and designer
JC Jacobsen , founder of the Carlsberg brewery
Robert Jacobsen artist
CV Jørgensen , singer and songwriter
Søren Kierkegaard , philosopher
Per Kirkeby , painter
Christen Købke , painter
Kim Larsen , singer, guitarist and songwriter
Michael Laudrup , footballer
Bjørn Lomborg , political scientist and author
Lauritz Melchior , opera singer
Mads Mikkelsen , actor
Andreas Mogensen , astronaut
Maersk Mc-Kinney Møller , shipowner
Verner Panton , architect
Dirch Passer , comedian and actor
Peter Schmeichel , soccer player
Julius Thomsen , chemist
Bertel Thorvaldsen , sculptor
Lars von Trier , film director
Dan Turèll , author
Lars Ulrich , drummer and songwriter for Metallica
Jørn Utzon , architect
Mads Dittmann Mikkelsen R. actor
Magnus Millang actor
The Little Mermaid (Danish: Den lille Havfrue) is a bronze statue by Edvard Eriksen, depicting a mermaid becoming human. The sculpture is displayed on a rock by the waterside at the Langelinie promenade in Copenhagen, Denmark. It is 1.25 metres (4.1 ft) tall and weighs 175 kilograms (385 lb).
Based on the 1837 fairy tale of the same name by Danish author Hans Christian Andersen, the small and unimposing statue is a Copenhagen icon and has been a major tourist attraction since its unveiling in 1913. In recent decades it has become a popular target for defacement by vandals and political activists.
Mermaid is among iconic statues that symbolize cities; others include: the statue of Pania of the Reef in Napier, Manneken Pis in Brussels, the Statue of Liberty in New York, Christ the Redeemer in Rio de Janeiro; or Smok Wawelski (Wawel Dragon) in Kraków, Poland.
The statue was commissioned in 1909 by Carl Jacobsen, son of the founder of Carlsberg, who had been fascinated by a ballet about the fairytale in Copenhagen's Royal Theatre and asked the ballerina, Ellen Price, to model for the statue. The sculptor Edvard Eriksen created the bronze statue, which was unveiled on August 23, 1913. The statue's head was modelled after Price, but as the ballerina did not agree to model in the nude, the sculptor's wife, Eline Eriksen, was used for the body.
The Copenhagen City Council arranged to move the statue to Shanghai at the Danish Pavilion for the duration of the Expo 2010 (May to October), the first time it had been moved officially from its perch since it was installed almost a century earlier. While the statue was away in Shanghai an authorised copy was displayed on a rock in the lake in Copenhagen's nearby Tivoli Gardens. Copenhagen officials have considered moving the statue several meters out into the harbour to discourage vandalism and to prevent tourists from climbing onto it, but as of September 2022 the statue remains on dry land at the water side at Langelinie.
Dusk approaches over the snow covered grounds of #MarselisborgPalace, which is the summer and Christmas residence of the #DanishRoyalFamily. The Palace grounds, including the Queen's rose garden, are open to the public when the Royal family is not in residence. #Aarhus is a wonderful #DanishCity to visit and is located in #Jutland #Denmark! From the Old Town to the Deer Park and the Queen’s Castle, Aarhus is full of #TreasuresOfTraveling and has much to offer the foreign traveler. Check out some of those treasures below.
treasuresoftraveling.com/4-must-visit-places-in-aarhus-de...
#Scandinavia #Europe #TravelBlog #WorldTravel #WorldTraveler #TravelBlogger #TravelPhotography #TravelPics #TravelPhotos #DanishTravel #Architecture #GlobeTrotter #PassportStamps #TravelTheWorld #TourThePlanet #TheGlobeWanderer #TravelDenmark #GayTraveler #GuysWhoTravel #DiscoverEarth #Wanderlust #TravelGram #TravelTheWorld
The Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek ("ny" means "new" in Danish; "Glyptotek" comes from the Greek root glyphein, to carve, and theke, storing place), commonly known simply as Glyptoteket, is an art museum in Copenhagen, Denmark. The collection represents the private art collection of Carl Jacobsen (1842–1914), the son of the founder of the Carlsberg Breweries.
Primarily a sculpture museum, as indicated by the name, the focal point of the museum is antique sculpture from the ancient cultures around the Mediterranean, including Egypt, Rome and Greece, as well as more modern sculptures such as a collection of Auguste Rodin's works, considered to be the most important outside France. However, the museum is equally noted for its collection of paintings that includes an extensive collection of French impressionists and Post-impressionists as well as Danish Golden Age paintings.
The French Collection includes works by painters such as Jacques-Louis David, Monet, Pissarro, Renoir, Degas and Cézanne, as well as those by Post-impressionists such as van Gogh, Toulouse-Lautrec and Bonnard. The museum's collection includes all the bronze sculptures of Degas, including the series of dancers. Numerous works by Norwegian-Danish sculptor Stephan Sinding are featured prominently in various sections of the museum.
Carl Jacobsen was a dedicated art collector. He was particularly interested in antique art, but over the years he also acquired a considerable collection of French and Danish sculptures. When his private villa in 1882 was extended with a winter garden, sculptures soon outnumbered plants in it. The same year the collection was opened to the public. In the following years the museum was expanded on a number of occasions to meet the need for more space for his steadily growing collections. In 1885 his 'house museum' had grown to a total of 19 galleries, the first 14 of which had been designed by Vilhelm Dahlerup while Hack Kampmann had built the last four as well as conducted a redesign of the winter garden.
In spite of the many extensions, it was finally clear the existing premises were inadequate and that a new building was needed. On 8 March 1888 Carl Jacobsen donated his collection to the Danish State and the City of Copenhagen on condition that they provided a suitable building for its exhibition. Copenhagen's old fortifications had recently been abandoned and a site was chosen on a ravelin outside Holcks Bastion in the city's Western Rampart, just south of the Tivoli Gardens which had been founded in 1843. Jacobsen was displeased with the location which he found to be too far from the city centre and he had also reservations about the proximity of Tivoli which he found common. Instead he wanted a building on the emerging new city hall square, yet in the end he accepted.
It was Carl Jacobsen who chose the name for the museum, with inspiration from Ludwig I's Glyptothek in Munich, as well as Vilhelm Dahlerup as the architect for the assignment. The moat around the radan was filled and the new museum opened first on 1 May 1897. At first it only included Jacobsen's modern collection with French and Danish works from the 18th century.
In January 1899 Carl Jacobsen donated his collection of Antique art to the museum which made an expansion necessary. It was designed by Hack Kampmann while Dahlerup designed a winter garden which connected the new wing to the old building. It was inaugurated in 1906.
In 1996 the museum was once again extended, this time with an infill constructed in one of its courtyards to the design of Henning Larsen. In 2006, the building underwent a major renovation programme under the direction of Danish architects Dissing + Weitling. and Bonde Ljungar Arkitekter MAA.
A radiant blend of Tibetan prayer flags, Buddhist-inspired architecture, and expressive street art captured in Christiania, Copenhagen. This corner of Freetown reflects the community's spirit of cultural fusion, spiritual freedom, and peaceful resistance—watched over by a tranquil dog basking in the calm.
The Glyptoteket (Gr. glyptos , carving or sculpture and theke , a place where something is assembled/arranged) is a museum.
The founder of New Carlsberg Glyptotek, brewer Carl Jacobsen ( 1842 - 1914 ), was a passionate art collector who collected antique and modern art from all over the world. At first, his large and magnificent art collection was intended for himself and the home in Valby. However, it quickly became clear that the home in Valby could not accommodate Jacobsen's entire collection, since he continued to collect art objects with the same fervor as when he started. He therefore moved the collection in 1882 to the old Glyptothek in Carlsberg, right next to his brewery, where it was opened to the public on 5 November 1882 . Brewer Carl Jacobsen donated his collection to the Danish people in 1888 with the intention that the Danish state should set up the collection in a building in Copenhagen. The new location required a new name, and thus the collection came to be called "New Carlsberg Glyptotek". New Carlsberg Glyptotek's first building on Dantes Plads , the Dahlerup building, was inaugurated in 1897 . After this, the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek was expanded in 1906 , 1996 and 2006 .
The building
It was very important to brewer Carl Jacobsen that the New Carlsberg Glyptotek was not only experienced as an elevated and magnificent temple of art, but that the building itself took the visitors' breath away and that it had a breathtaking atmosphere. This meant that Carl Jacobsen wanted the building to radiate a consistent aesthetic feeling that visitors could feel. This feeling has been maintained throughout the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek's building, despite several extensions over time.
The building consists of a three-winged horseshoe-shaped complex. Its roof covering consists of glass and copper, and the building itself is made of red brick. The facade facing Dante's Square has clear references to the Venetian palace architecture from the Renaissance ; a harmonious sequence of large, column-supported niches flanks the entrance area in three logwork, behind which rises the dome of the Winter Garden.
The vestibule is lavishly decorated with a coffered ceiling, marble columns and is clearly influenced by Renaissance art . The vestibule gives access to two side light rooms, where you can see French and Danish sculpture. The foyer's staircase encircles the Winter Garden and leads to the Golden Age Collection. These stairwells are lined with marble slabs and the ceiling is decorated with stained glass with flower vines and butterflies, allowing natural daylight to seep in.
The winter garden
From the front hall, the daylight leads most people on towards the central courtyard, Vinterhaven. The winter garden, like the surrounding building facing Dantes Plads, was designed by the architect Vilhelm Dahlerup (1836-1907). While Dahlerup's building was inaugurated in 1897, the covered conservatory was only added in 1906. The dome was already included in the original plans – then as a stone dome. But the construction of the dome was postponed, and this came to mean that the dome, instead of stone, was made of iron and glass in the style of the greenhouses and exhibition pavilions that became popular in the late 1800s and were made possible by the iron foundry of industrialism .
At the inauguration on 27 June 1906, Glyptotek's founder, Carl Jacobsen, in his opening speech himself described the idea of the Winter Garden as a pleasurable and sensual entrance to art: "I imagine that the green in winter can draw people in here, and when they looking at the palm trees, perhaps a thought also falls on the statues.”
Kampmann's Building
When Carl and his wife, Ottilia Jacobsen, donated their antique collection to the Danish people in 1888, the collection had become so large that a whole new building was needed to house the collection. For this purpose, an architectural competition was announced, which was won by Hack Kampmann ( 1856 - 1920 ).
The Kampmann building has its own facade to the southwest, which must reflect the antique content. Tranquility, monumentality and ancient architectural forms therefore characterize the exterior of the building. On top of the building's facade is a step pyramid, on which stands a gilded bronze copy of a classical Athena statue.
Kampmann's building is four-winged and on two floors, which faces the older Dahlerup building. The four wings lie symmetrically around an extension of the central axis in Dahlerup's building. As required by brewer Jacobsen, Kampmann's building is lit only through skylights or large side windows.
The winter garden was originally designed by Dahlerup, but was first built with Kampmann's building. Carl Jacobsen's idea behind the Winter Garden was to give visitors a place to rest during their visit. At the same time that the art could be experienced in more unconventional surroundings.
The transition from the Winter Garden to the Festival Hall and the sculpture halls on the first floor is via a stairwell that opens into the Løvehallen, the vestibule of the Antiksamlingen. From here you can access both the Egyptian and antique collections, whose rooms have vaulted ceilings, red terrazzo floors and supporting granite pillars.
Strict axiality and symmetry are pervasive in all the halls, all of which have mosaic-ornamented terrazzo floors and ceilings with stucco decoration. However, each floor has its own character, which is expressed through changing room sizes, colors and decorative motifs.
One of the antiquities collection's most spectacular rooms is the Festhalle, the model of which is a late-classical Greek temple complex. The facility consists of a large rectangular square with colonnades on three sides. The temple's facade forms the fourth and last side, on which is written "Carl and Otilla Jacobsen". Between the Ionic marble columns stand Roman sculptures. The floors are covered with tiles of colored/variegated marble, and inside the temple's vestibule are pillars of polished granite.
In 1992 , the Danish architect Henning Larsen won the competition for an extension to the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek. The new building was necessary to give the French Painting Collection and parts of the Egyptian Collection a climatically adjustable area, and to ensure the preservation of the artefacts. Furthermore, it was important to ensure that the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek could have an exhibition building that meets the high standards that art institutions worldwide demand in connection with lending works.
You can access Larsen's building from Vinterhaven via a glass corridor that runs up Kampmann's antique rooms. The three-storey high building is surrounded by a wide, open and gently rising staircase. This staircase gives access to all the halls, and ends in a roof terrace. All exhibition halls are only lit artificially to protect the works as much as possible. The floors in the French Painting Rooms are made of white Italian marble.
On the ground floor and first floor, but separate from the French painting collection, are the new Egyptian rooms, which can be accessed via the Kampmann building. One of the rooms replicates the descent of the pyramids into the dark and mysterious burial chambers, and is built with black granite floors.
Project 2006
The Carlsberg Foundation and the New Carlsberg Foundation generously donated DKK 100 million to the museum New Carlsberg Glyptotek. in 2004 to rebuild the museum. This happened on the occasion of the Kampmann building's 100th anniversary in 2006, when the extension to the museum was inaugurated.
They wanted to improve the access conditions with Dissing+Weitling as architects, who designed a large foyer under Dahlerup's building with ticketing, cloakroom, toilets etc., which is accessed via four new granite stairs from the Forehall. In Kampmann's building, the former Etruscan collection has been completely renovated and is now called the "Mediterranean Horizon". The other assembly rooms in Dahlerup's and Kampmann's buildings have also been renovated, and the majority painted in colors inspired from 1897/1906.
The collection
Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek's collection contains more than 10,000 objects with the main emphasis on ancient cultures around the Mediterranean as well as Danish and French art from the 19th and 20th centuries .
The Ancient Collection
New Carlsberg Glyptotek has the largest antiquities collection in the Nordics. This collection is arranged in two parallel courses. In rooms 19-25 in Larsen's building, the "Mediterranean horizon" shows the history from the beginning in the Middle East around 6,000 years BC, through Greece, Etruria and the Roman Empire to the 5th century AD . Halls 1-18 exhibit sculptures from ancient Egypt, Palmyra, Greece and the Roman Empire.
The Egyptian Collection
The Egyptian people mastered producing beautiful, durable and useful art which has since then become a recognized style. They became the teachers of the Greeks and Romans, who both took cues from the art of the Egyptians and incorporated them into their own artistic corpus. From here the legacy passed on to later Europe, where the features can still be identified to this day. The New Carlsberg Glyptotek's Egyptian Collection gives the viewer a unique opportunity to visit the source of art and thereby see the beginnings of European art.
In halls 1-4 you can experience the magnificent Pharaonic Egypt with the main emphasis on large sculptures. These halls hold more than 300 exhibits from all over Egypt from 3,000 BC. to 75 AD New Carlsberg Glyptotek has many large objects from Ancient Egypt, and has, among other things, the double statue of King Ramses II and the god Ptah. Furthermore, you can also experience smaller statues, such as a statue of "A man in prayer", a double statue of "A mother and her son", as well as statues of gods and goddesses.
The exhibition also gives the viewer the opportunity to experience statues and objects from ancient Nubia, which for some periods was under Egyptian rule. Nubia was heavily influenced by Egyptian religion and art throughout the country's lifetime, which has resulted in many stone statues as well as bronze statuettes with Egyptian characteristics.
On floor 2, the exhibition is structured like an Egyptian tomb. New Carlsberg Glyptotek has copied a descent into an Egyptian burial chamber, and the museum's mummies and mummy coffins are thus exhibited in a tomb-like atmosphere.
In the other halls you can also see stelae, complete burial sets, burial models, jewellery, statues of gods and kings as well as objects from the Amarna period. The museum also exhibits objects and statuettes of gods made of clay, faience and bronze.
One of the most unique objects in the exhibition is a bronze statue of Seth , which is otherwise rarely seen depicted in statue form.
The Roman and Greek Collection
Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek's large collection of marble sculptures is of international format. The creation of the collection is due to brewer Carl Jacobsen's great interest in the production of the human body, which came to its finest expression in the ancient world through ancient sculpture. The development and history of the sculpture can be experienced in all its stages in the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek's Roman and Greek Collection, where the development and image of the human figure are at the center.
In halls 6-18, you can experience more than 800 Roman and Greek objects on display, which date to the time period approx. 600 BC – 500 AD Here you can experience beautiful sculptures of gods, goddesses and heroes, emperor portraits, tomb reliefs, vases and votive offerings.
New Carlsberg Glyptotek is currently working on a project which examines the color of the ancient sculptures . The museum offers its visitors a unique opportunity to experience what the sculptures of antiquity really looked like when the original, white sculptures stand side by side with their painted copy.
The most magnificent room in this collection is the Festsalen, which is based on a late classical Greek temple complex. The visitors are thereby given the opportunity to step several thousand years back in time and experience the art in its natural surroundings. The large, open rectangular square faces the front of the temple, on which the name of the museum's founders "Carl & Ottilia Jacobsen" is written. On the other three sides of the square, there is a covered colonnade with ancient Roman art between the columns. This space surrounds the visitor in an antique and breathtaking sphere that can only be experienced in very few places.
New Carlsberg Glyptotek has the largest Palmyrene collection outside the Middle East with its 100 busts, of which approx. 20 are exhibited. The exhibition covers the period 113 - 250 AD . Palmyra eventually became a Roman province and the city was destroyed when it rebelled against the Roman Empire . One of the main works of the collection is "Beauty from Palmyra", on which you can still see paint and which was once decorated with inlaid colored glass and semi-precious stones. One of the collection's many busts is a tomb bust of an unknown man, who has been depicted with a camel in the background. This suggests that he may have been the owner of a camel caravan or he may have been one of the few merchants who traveled around with the caravans himself.
Mediterranean horizon
In a world with permeable borders, trade and migration became a central part of the social order. Raw materials, faith in the divine and trade goods were transported over great distances – from Afghanistan to Spain. The "Mediterranean Horizon" exhibition area in rooms 19-23a illuminates how Egyptians and Babylonians , Phoenicians and Greeks , Etruscans and Romans related to everyday life, gods, life and not least death.
The "Mediterranean horizon" has more than 1,400 objects on display. The exhibition reviews history in the years 6,000 BC. - 400 AD , and gives a broad overview of the various cultures around the Mediterranean , i.a. the Greeks, Romans, Assyrians & Etruscans.
The exhibition starts in Mesopotamia with the Assyrians and Babylonians, where you get an insight into their magnificent culture. You can see everything from everyday objects and sculptures to large reliefs of kings and gods as well as reliefs from the Ishtar gate and the processional road in Babylon . Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek is one of the only museums that has a specimen of all three types of animal reliefs; a bull and a dragon from the Ishtar gate and a lion from the processional road.
The exhibition then leads the viewer to ancient Egyptian culture, where e.g. various statuettes and reliefs are on display. Then you come to the Etruscan collection, where you can experience sarcophagi, vases, urns, portraits, a copy of an Etruscan temple, a reconstruction of a princely tomb from Colle del Forno dated to the 6th century BC. , and copies of tomb paintings. The main work of the Etruscan collection is without a doubt the great chariot, as it is very well preserved. Plates for a chariot, harness for the horses, pieces of the wheels and their mounting parts, as well as shields and spears, all made of beautiful metalwork, have been found.
After this, you are led through the Roman and Greek culture, where, among other things, jewelery, tombstones , glass vases, statues of gods, portraits, coins and sarcophagi are on display. The exhibition ends in room 25 with a summary of the cultures around the Mediterranean via various objects, as well as a few objects from Palmyra (modern Syria ).
The Modern Collection
The Modern Collection consists of two collections, both of which contain painting and sculpture; the Danish and the French Collection.
Rooms 28-32, 41-44 & 48-55 are dedicated to Danish painting and sculpture. The special focus of the collection is the many works from the Danish Golden Age, approx. 1800-1850, by i.a. CW Eckersberg , Christen Købke , Johan Thomas Lundbye and Vilhelm Hammershøi .
French sculpture can be experienced in rooms 33-37 & 46 with the main emphasis on works by Auguste Rodin, while French painting with a focus on impressionism in particular is shown in rooms 56-66. Here the over 40 works by Paul Gauguin are exhibited, as well as works by Claude Monet , Edgar Degas , Vincent van Gogh & Paul Cézanne .
The Danish Painting and Sculpture Collection
New Carlsberg Glyptotek's Danish Sculpture Collection dates from the years after 1850 , and can be seen in rooms 31-32 and 41-44.
Founder of Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, brewer Jacobsen (1842-1914) was interested in contemporary sculpture and therefore wanted his Glyptotek to exhibit sculptures from the best sculptors of the time. This meant that Jacobsen began to collect works created by Thorvaldsen's pupils Freund, Bissen and Jerichau.
The collection reflects the sculptors' search for new ideals and standards for both motif and form treatment in the sculpture.
The Nordic mythology and biblical morals are retold by human bodies made of clay, plaster, wood and metal, which, among other things, can be seen in HE Freund's "Loke" or "Odin". This is in stark contrast to the portrayals of social realism.
The form and content of the sculptures approach each other in symbolism with depictions of human destinies shaped in the poses of the sculpture. Modern sculpture in Denmark heralds its beginnings with angry bodies, expressive faces and sensual nudity.
In rooms 28-30 and 48-55, visitors can experience the Danish Painting Collection with a focus on the works from the Danish Golden Age , approx. 1800 - 1860 . The period is called the "Golden Age", as it portrays a brilliant period in the history of Danish art.
Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek's collection is of high quality with works such as Constantin Hansen's "Resting model", CW Eckersberg's "Portræt af Thorvaldsen", Wilhelm Bendz's "Tobaksselskab", PC Skovgaard's "Bøgeskov i May", J. Th. Lundbye "Sjællandsk landscape" and Christen Købke's "Party outside the Northern castle gate". "Study of a nude woman" are 4 portraits by W. Marstrand, C. Hansen, C. Købke and CW Eckersberg, respectively, who all paint the same motif. This study gives the viewer a unique insight into the artists' various techniques, and at the same time makes it possible to compare the artists' differences and similarities.
The exhibition sheds light on a unique era in Danish painting, which was initially based on an interest in ancient art and culture. This interest was common to all of Europe at this time. Inspiration came first from trips to Italy and later to Greece. From approx. 1840 Danish art changed its role and character, and now reproduces the national romantic ideas via landscape painting, in which particular focus is placed on the Danish country, people and history.
The French Painting and Sculpture Collection
Carl Jacobsen had a weakness for French painting and sculpture, and his magnificent collection can be experienced in rooms 33-37, 46 & 56-66.
Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek's French Sculpture Collection covers the period 1820 - 1900 , which is exhibited in rooms 33-37. The exhibition focuses on the period around the " Modern Breakthrough ", approx. 1870 - 1890 . In this period, many different artistic ideals influence each other in the sculpture. In the past, the sculptures depicted biblical and mythical subjects, but in this period the sculpture depicts the present and its people. The inspiration is still drawn from ancient Greek and Roman sculpture, but is now crossed with new possibilities.
New Carlsberg Glyptotek's collection ranges from light salon sculptures to Meunier's worker realism, and also includes works by Carpeaux and Degas.
The collection contains many works by the artist Auguste Rodin , who was a friend of Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek's founder Carl Jacobsen. One of the collection's main works is Rodin's "Citizens from Calais" from 1884 - 1885 . This sculpture is a copy of the original statue which stands in the square in the city of Calais . Jacobsen wanted to include this sculpture in his collection, but when it was not for sale, he had Rodin make a copy of the sculpture for his collection at the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek. Another major work in the collection is Edgar Degas' bronze statue of "Dancer with ballet skirt - fourteen years". You can also experience the artist's 73 other bronze statues in this one at the Glyptoteket.
The sculptors combined the traditional motifs with the poetic thoughts of the period. Sculptures of human bodies weighed down by grief, slavery and fear of God reflect the hard existence of ordinary people in the 1800s , while sculptures of closely intertwined couples show the time's penchant for tales of eroticism and distant, mysterious worlds.
Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek's French Painting Collection contains over 200 exhibited works, and dates from 1820 - 1875 .
Delacroix , David and Manet played decisive roles in the development of French painting in the first half of the 19th century. New Carlsberg Glyptotek owns several major works from the period, and can thereby help shed light on the great development in French art during this period.
Painting in the first half of the 19th century can be divided into two major directions: a neoclassical tradition with tight lines and careful drawing ( J.-L. David ) – and an expressive, 'romantic' use of color ( E. Delacroix ).
Several art movements arose in parallel in the search for a new way of seeing the world also in painting: naturalism , the Barbizon school and realism . During the 1860s, these trends helped shape the development of Impressionism .
New Carlsberg Glyptotek's French Painting Collection contains works by many different artists. The visitor can, among other things, experience Edgar Degas's "Toilet after the bath", Édouard Monet's "The Absinthe Drinker", Paul Gauguin's "Tahiti Woman with a Flower in Her Hair", Claude Monet's "Shadows on the Sea" and Vincent van Gogh's "Landscape from Saint Rémy" are also part of New Carlsberg Glyptotek's collection, all of which can be experienced in rooms 56-66 in the beautiful, white Larsen building.
A water fountain in #DenGamleBy, also known as #TheOldTown, which is an open-air living museum located in the heart of Aarhus. It allows you to see how people lived and worked in Denmark in 1927. #Aarhus is a wonderful #DanishCity to visit and is located in #Jutland #Denmark! From the Old Town to the Deer Park and the Queen’s Castle, Aarhus is full of #TreasuresOfTraveling and has much to offer the foreign traveler. Check out some of those treasures below.
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Dusk approaches over the snow covered grounds of #MarselisborgPalace, which is the summer and Christmas residence of the #DanishRoyalFamily. The Palace grounds, including the Queen's rose garden, are open to the public when the Royal family is not in residence. #Aarhus is a wonderful #DanishCity to visit and is located in #Jutland #Denmark! From the Old Town to the Deer Park and the Queen’s Castle, Aarhus is full of #TreasuresOfTraveling and has much to offer the foreign traveler. Check out some of those treasures below.
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The Little Mermaid (Danish: Den lille Havfrue) is a bronze statue by Edvard Eriksen, depicting a mermaid becoming human. The sculpture is displayed on a rock by the waterside at the Langelinie promenade in Copenhagen, Denmark. It is 1.25 metres (4.1 ft) tall and weighs 175 kilograms (385 lb).
Based on the 1837 fairy tale of the same name by Danish author Hans Christian Andersen, the small and unimposing statue is a Copenhagen icon and has been a major tourist attraction since its unveiling in 1913. In recent decades it has become a popular target for defacement by vandals and political activists.
Mermaid is among iconic statues that symbolize cities; others include: the statue of Pania of the Reef in Napier, Manneken Pis in Brussels, the Statue of Liberty in New York, Christ the Redeemer in Rio de Janeiro, or Smok Wawelski (Wawel Dragon) in Kraków, Poland.
The statue was commissioned in 1909 by Carl Jacobsen, son of the founder of Carlsberg, who had been fascinated by a ballet about the fairytale in Copenhagen's Royal Theatre and asked the ballerina, Ellen Price, to model for the statue. The sculptor Edvard Eriksen created the bronze statue, which was unveiled on August 23, 1913. The statue's head was modelled after Price, but as the ballerina did not agree to model in the nude, the sculptor's wife, Eline Eriksen, was used for the body.
The Copenhagen City Council arranged to move the statue to Shanghai at the Danish Pavilion for the duration of the Expo 2010 (May to October), the first time it had been moved officially from its perch since it was installed almost a century earlier. While the statue was away in Shanghai an authorised copy was displayed on a rock in the lake in Copenhagen's nearby Tivoli Gardens. Copenhagen officials have considered moving the statue several meters out into the harbour to discourage vandalism and to prevent tourists from climbing onto it,[8] but as of September 2022 the statue remains on dry land at the water side at Langelinie.
Ludvig Holberg (born 3 December 1684 in Bergen , died as a baron 28 January 1754 in Copenhagen ) was an epoch-making Danish-Norwegian writer. Holberg has been called "the father of Danish literature". He was a prolific and erudite writer who published books on a wide range of subjects. Holberg wrote scientific works on history, law, geography and philosophy - as well as comedies, novels and poetry. He was an academic of international stature and introduced many of the ideas of the Enlightenment in Denmark-Norway . Many of his comedy characters such as Erasmus Montanus, Jean de France, Jeppe på Bjerget and the Politiske Kandestøber are included as archetypes in Danish language .
Holberg became a landowner and in 1747 created the barony of Holberg from his properties.
Childhood and youth
Ludvig Holberg was born in the Hanseatic city of Bergen in Norway in 1684 as the youngest of six children. His father, commander Christian Nielsen Holberg (ca. 1620 - 1686), died before Ludvig was a year old?, and his mother, Karen Pedersdatter Lem, (7 May 1647 - 1695) died when he was 11. Karen Lem was the daughter of Swedish-born Abel Munthe, (daughter of bishop Ludvig Munthe ) and parish priest Peder Nielsen Lem.
Holberg was now admitted to the home of his cousin, the priest Otto Munthe in Fron , a small settlement in Gudbrandsdalen . Ludvig Holberg later took up residence in the home of his maternal uncle, merchant Peder Pedersen Lem in Bergen.
Holberg lived frugally in his youth and early adulthood. He earned his living as a tutor and as a traveling companion for nobles and tried his hand as a private manuductor at the university. He received a large grant to travel to universities abroad, especially Protestant universities, a condition he did not respect. He searched where the discussion was loudest and where the challenges were greatest.
During his stay in England, Holberg was already inspired to write nonfiction, and after his arrival in Copenhagen he began to write about history. Later he also wrote about geography and about natural and international law, inspired by authors such as Hugo Grotius and Samuel Pufendorf . He was also inspired by the critic Pierre Bayle for his moral philosophical works such as Moral Thoughts (1744) and Epistles (volumes 1-5 1748-54).
Studies
Holberg studied theology at the University of Copenhagen and later law , history and languages . Formally, he did not pursue the theological studies very far, because he settled for a certificate , i.e. a modest exam that gave the right to work as a priest; he did not study for a bachelor's , master's or doctorate in the subject and clearly did not aspire to a career as a theological professor, provost or bishop.
In Holberg's youth, most studied theology – and specialized after a certificate in Greek, Latin, philosophy or history. It was not until 1736 that the University of Copenhagen established an education as a Danish jurist , an education that continued for 200 years. Holberg wrote about natural law and international law for study use in the work Naturens og Folke-Rettens Kunskab (1716), and the book went into several editions and became, among other things, used as a textbook for the training of Danish lawyers, i.e. the non-Latin legal university education.
Travel abroad
Holberg was very well-travelled: He traveled in his youth in England , the Netherlands , France and Italy . He made a journey on foot from Copenhagen via Hamburg to Paris, where he studied at the Sorbonne . He also studied in London and Rome . He stayed in Oxford from 1706 to 1708 , something that had been a peculiar sight for Danish-Norwegian intellectuals before the end of the 17th century, when they were traditionally oriented towards continental Europe. In the period from 1683 1708, a total of 60 Danish-Norwegian students had registered at the university, of which 46 were Danish and 14 Norwegian. He was not formally enrolled at the University of Oxford , but studied in the city's famous libraries and participated in Latin discussions with the English students.
During a stay in Paris, Holberg met the Danish scientist Jacob Winsløw , who was Catholic . Winsløw tried to convert Holberg, but it only resulted in Holberg becoming anti-Catholic and always maintaining the Lutheran faith.
Holberg criticized the schools' teaching of Christianity : "Children must be made human before they become Christians" and "if someone learns theology before he learns to become human, he will never become human".
Professorships
Holberg was educated at the University of Copenhagen and was a teacher there for many years. Here he began his extensive scientific writing and the comedies .
He had to wait to become a professor and had to start in the subject that was first available. It became metaphysics in 1717 . Later he became a professor of eloquence, i.e. in Latin in 1720 , and only in 1730 did he get the professorship in history . In 1735-36 he contested the post of rector.
Authorship
Holberg's travels inspired him to write - the many impressions have also matured him artistically and morally. Holberg was inspired by ancient Latin comedies, by French comedies he had seen in Paris and by the street theaters in Rome.
Ideology – the man of the Enlightenment
His writing can be divided into three: the historical, the poetic/comic and the religious/philosophical. The poetic raptus was about 1720, when he wrote Peder Paars and the wonderful comedies for which we remember him.
Holberg believed in the divine light of reason within us, and for him it must be the first goal of teaching that the students learn to use their senses and understanding - instead of the useless terpene of a textbook. It was a modern view of the religious question, and it is characteristic of Holberg, who was to the highest degree a man of enlightenment. Holberg was also interested in reason, because he believed that it was what bound society together. Furthermore, it surprised Holberg that there could be so much evil in the present , when one could simply let reason prevail. He moved away from a religious explanation of evil towards a rationalist/empirical way of thinking.
Holberg had a positive attitude towards biblical criticism , and he was also not disturbed by the heliocentric worldview. He wrote in one of his epistles "the holy books are not written to enlighten men in astronomy, but to guide them in matters of happiness."
Holberg's religiosity represents deism .
He was critical of the notion of original sin and believed in human free will.
Holberg's stated intention with his authorship was to spread information for the benefit of the general public and for the benefit of society. It is consistent with the image of Holberg as the man of progress and the Enlightenment .
Holberg found himself most at home in big cities with culture; he only stayed in the country as a landowner and on journeys.
Influence on the sciences
Previously, the sciences had been subject to theology , whose conceptions of the worldview were unquestionable. The enlightenment of the 18th century meant that science was made more popular , and it was an advance for the experience-based investigation - empiricism - which not least gave science a new basis and new possibilities. Holberg contributed in principle to this development.
Holberg's scientific ideal was to proceed inductively (ie through experiences built on observations ). Science should be useful, which we see a fine example of in his "Report on the now reigning Qveg-Syge" (1745) - where he reasons that the infection most likely originates from microorganisms .
Holberg's relationship with economics
Holberg published his works himself and sold them at home from the professor's residence in Købmagergade . He had the sense to profit from the authorship. He sold both the books wholesale and individually and preferably by pre-order, subscription. Either bound or in matter: sheets for binding. He also sold books through friends and booksellers in the province. His book on natural and international law went into several editions and was a good source of income.
Location of funds
Holberg lived very ascetically and could put money aside and invest it. In several places in his writings, he criticized citizens and nobles who used their means in an unproductive way to, for example, allow themselves to be carried around in a wheelchair, to run a large household and waste money on other luxuries. Holberg drank and ate very modestly and preferred to walk rather than drive. He believed that when he had made his foreign trips on foot and continued to walk, that was the reason he was able to live with the malaria he had contracted in Italy.
He placed his funds in business ventures and real estate. The acquisition of his first large property, Brorupgaard near Havrebjerg , happened gradually: first he lent money to the owner of the farm, later he took over the farm.
Some years later, Holberg also acquired Tersløsegård at Dianalund , the only one of his properties that has been preserved. The others – in Bergen, in Copenhagen and at Havrebjerg – have been burned or demolished.
Sorø Academy inserted in Holberg's will
As Holberg was unmarried and childless, and at the end of his life had amassed a considerable fortune, he was interested in leaving a legacy. He received a call to bequeath his funds to Sorø Akademi , which was a royal knight's academy whose purpose was to establish a university-level institution for young noble men.
Holberg supported the idea of the academy, drew up proposals for its layout and advised on certain professorial appointments. It was at Holberg's instigation that Jens Schelderup Sneedorff was employed as a political science teacher at the academy in 1751 .
The agreement regarding the gift to the Academy was that Holberg obtained tax-free income from the lands, so that his fortune, which was to accrue to the Academy, grew. He accumulated so much land that he could become a baron . Perhaps becoming noble has piqued Holberg's vanity. With the title, he was given a number of duties and rights in financial and legal terms.
Holberg's sarcophagus stands in Sorø Klosterkirke . It was created by Johannes Wiedewelt .
Stingy or sensibly restrained?
It appears from Holberg's correspondence that he was very persistent. He rejected recommendations from the parish priest in Havrebjerg to restore a (rather redundant) bridge, Staklebro, near Bromøllegaard . He also did not want to increase the remuneration of the servant in Havrebjerg, the so-called Africanus . He had a good eye for the bailiff at Bromøllegaard and got involved in a process against him, which Holberg lost. He left very little to his relatives.
Holberg emphasized that he was willing to spend money if there was a sensible purpose for it and gave as an example that he had provided some of his tenant farmers with funds so that they could get back on their feet after various setbacks.
As the academy had great financial difficulties because the search was extremely limited, Holberg agreed to release funds for the operation.
Quaestor
Holberg was rector of the university in 1735-36 and was then for many years its quaestor , i.e. property administrator and business manager. The university's income came from the many landed properties which, for example, it had received by will.
There was criticism of Holberg's business conduct, but the overwhelming impression is that he was extremely skilled as a property administrator. As quaestor, Holberg was exempted from teaching and could concentrate on writing and administering, partly for the university and partly for himself.
Bibliography
Links to texts and text descriptions in this section are to holbergsskrifter.dk . All of Holberg's works can be read on this site.
Nyhavn (Danish pronunciation: [ˈnyˌhɑwˀn]; New Harbour) is a 17th-century waterfront, canal and entertainment district in Copenhagen, Denmark. Stretching from Kongens Nytorv to the Inner Harbour just south of the Royal Playhouse, it is lined by brightly coloured 17th and early 18th century townhouses and bars, cafes and restaurants. The canal harbours many historical wooden ships.
Nyhavn was constructed by King Christian V from 1670 to 1675, dug by Danish soldiers and Swedish prisoners of war from the Dano-Swedish War 1658–1660. It is a gateway from the sea to the old inner city at Kongens Nytorv (King's Square), where ships handled cargo and fishermens' catch. It was notorious for beer, sailors, and prostitution. Danish author Hans Christian Andersen lived at Nyhavn for 18 years.
The first bridge across Nyhavn opened on 1874. It was a temporary wooden footbridge. It was replaced by the current bridge in 1912.
As ocean-going ships grew larger, Nyhavn was taken over by internal Danish small vessel freight traffic. After World War II land transport took over this role and small vessel traffic disappeared from the Port of Copenhagen, leaving Nyhavn largely deserted of ships.
In the mid-1960s, the Nyhavn Society (Danish: Nyhavnsforeningen) was founded with the aim of revitalising the area. In 1977, Nyhavn was inaugurated as a veteran ship and museum harbour by Copenhagen's Lord Mayor Egon Weidekamp. In 1980 Nyhavn quay was pedestrianised; it had been used as a parking area in the previous years which had coincided with a dwindling of harbour activities. Since then it has become a popular spot for tourists and locals alike, serving the function of a square according to architects Jan Gehl and Lars Gemzøe.
Who will eat the carrot first? Greg or one of the friendly #deer at the Aarhus #DeerPark, which is a 54 acre woodland area in the northern parts of the Marselisborg Forests. I have never seen a #herd of deer so calm and friendly before, but they were used to human interaction. #Aarhus is a wonderful #Danish city to visit and is located in #Jutland #Denmark! From the Old Town to the Deer Park and the Queen’s Castle, Aarhus is full of #TreasuresOfTraveling and has much to offer the foreign traveler. Check out some of those treasures below.
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Marmorkirken is a church in Frederiks Sogn . Its official name is Frederiks Kirke . It is located as a focal point in the part of Copenhagen called Frederiksstaden .
In connection with the establishment of the City ring, a metro station was built under the church.
When Frederiksstaden was laid out in the middle of the 18th century , they wanted to build a monumental church at the end of the district's cross axis, the Amalienborg axis . The church was to mark the Oldenborgs' 300 years in the royal house, and Frederik the 5th laid the foundation stone on 30 October 1749 as part of the anniversary celebrations.
Court architect Nicolai Eigtved was given the task of designing the church and managing the construction. At least 5 drawings from his hand are known from the years 1750 - 1754 . However, the Church Building Commission was not entirely satisfied with Eigtved's projects, which were in an old-fashioned rococo style at the time, and obtained proposals from, among others, the French architects Ange-Jacques Gabriel and Nicolas-Henri Jardin . Projects from Lauritz de Thurah and Georg David Anthon are also known .
Common to most of the projects is the ground plan of the church: a round central church room with a large tambour-supported dome, flanked by two smaller bell towers, and with temple entrances on the east and west sides.
When Eigtved died on 7 June 1754, Thurah was put in charge of the construction, but it was quiet until Jardin was brought to the country and took over responsibility on 1 April 1756 . Construction continued according to Jardin's own drawings, which he published in the form of engravings in 1765 and 1769 under the name Plans, coupes et élévations de l'église royale de Fréderic V. (See links.)
Frederik the 5th, who financed the expensive project, died in 1766 , and Christian the 7th was not so interested in taking it further. Construction continued at half capacity until it stopped completely in 1770 . At that time they had reached the top of the lower columns in the rotunda and the entrance on the east side, and a little lower on the west side.
It would now be over a hundred years before the church was built again. Not that there was a lack of ideas for continuing the construction in the intervening time. Plans are known from virtually all of the well-known architects of the time, including CF Harsdorff and GF Hetsch , but none of them were realized. In 1846, Christian Bernhard Hornbech also exhibited a project, which also came to nothing.
In 1868 , the architect Theodor Stuckenberg exhibited a draft for Frederikskirken's conversion to a Monument for Frederik VII and his Time (Constitutional Monument) and at the same time a model of the monument in Rosenborg Brøndsal . This proposal, which consisted of placing HW Bissen's equestrian statue of the king on the ruins of the Marble Church, caused quite a stir during the finance law debate 1869 - 70 .
The existing church
In 1874 , the financier CF Tietgen bought the church site, including the ruin , from the state, which had taken over ownership from the royal house in 1849 , with the aim of continuing the construction, which was also set as a condition of the purchase.
Tietgen's plan was to let the architect Christian Zwingmann lead the construction and use Ferdinand Meldahl as a consultant, but when Zwingmann had to give up his architectural business due to illness in the mid- 1870s , Meldahl took over the management. He also had his own opinions about how the building should be completed. Meldahl entrusted the day-to-day management of the construction to his close associate, the architect Albert Jensen .
Meldahl's plan, which was continuously adjusted during construction, meant that the side towers were looped and the rotunda was reduced in height. The temple entrance was reduced to four columns instead of six and completely looped on St. The Kongensgade side. The tambourine was also lower than Jardin's, but Meldahl still managed to get almost as high in the air, thanks to an upward-striking dome shape, and above all significantly higher lantern and spire.
The construction site was reopened at the end of 1877 . With the purchase in 1874, Tietgen had been given a 10-year deadline to complete the church, but it still took 20 years. The building was, among other things, delayed by the fact that the ruin was considerably more weathered than expected, so that more had to be demolished than had been anticipated. In addition, the international economic depression in these years also affected Tietgen's business, and made it difficult to obtain funds for the construction.
However, all obstacles were overcome, and on 19 August 1894 the church could be inaugurated – 145 years after the foundation stone was laid. On this occasion, Tietgen transferred the church, which was after all his private property, to the state.
The church building
The lower part of the church appears as a circular ring wall with two square extensions to the east and west, which contain the entrance areas. There are also smaller doors on the north and south sides. The main entrance to the east is provided with a column-supported frontispiece . These parts are covered with gray marble (Norwegian gjellebækmarmor). In the Marble Church, as well as in Christiansborg Castle and the Marble Bridge , there is marble extracted in Bergen and the nearby Sunnhordland diocese from "De Lillienschioldske marmorværker".
The rotunda and the extensions are topped by a balustrade , which is decorated with vases.
Above the rotunda rises the tambour, which is divided into 12 parts with round-arched niches with smaller rectangular windows. The materials are limestone from Fakse and island stone . The tambour is also topped by a balustrade with vases.
The tambour is supported along with the dome by twelve internal pillars. The span is 31 m, which makes it Scandinavia's largest church dome. The dome and the lantern are clad in copper with gilded details. The lantern contains the church bells . The lantern is topped by a cross with a wreath of rays between the arms. On the lower part there is a filigree ornament , in which CF Tietgen's initials are included.
Around the church stand 14 bronze statues of Danish churchmen from Ansgar to Grundtvig and Kierkegaard . A further 18 statues stand on the balustrade, but these are made of zinc .
Inside, the circular church space is delimited by the twelve pillars which support the tambour and dome. Between the pillars and the outer wall is a narrow passage. Above this there is a low pulpit floor .
The floor is gray terrazzo with black markings of walking areas. In the raised choir area, brown fields are included in the pattern.
The ceiling vault starts just above the stained glass windows of the tambour , made by master glazier August Duvier . The windows are the church room's primary source of daylight, as the light from most of the windows in the rotunda is blocked by the twelve pillars.
Painter CN Overgaard made the decoration of the church's dome with the 12 apostles based on sketches by Henrik Olrik who managed to make 6 before he died and Anton Dorph made the last 6. CN Overgaard was given the task of painting the dome's apostles: " Paulus , Thomas , Matthæus , Simon , Judas , Thadæus , Andreas , Peter , John the Elder, Philip, Bartholomew and John the Younger. The 12 angels were drawn and painted by CN Overgaard . After CN Overgaard had completed this perilous job of lying and painting the dome on a scaffold, he was nominated by F. Meldahl as a Knight of the Dannebrog . Overgaard also made the 12 medallions with Christian symbols and the ribbon with the text from the Gospel of John 17:3 : "This is eternal life , that they know you , the only true God , and him , you have sent forth , Jesus Christ" . Two imitation marble mosaics on the right and left side of the altar , as well as the decoration by the old organ are also Overgaard's works. Painter CN Overgaard and glazier August Duvier donated the stained glass "Hearts up" to the Frederikskirken, which can can be seen in the ceiling of the "armoury". Drawn by CN Overgaard and produced by August Duvier .
One of the friendly #deer attempting to eat a carrot from Clause's hand at the Aarhus #DeerPark, which is a 54 acre woodland area in the northern parts of the Marselisborg Forests. I have never seen a herd of deer so calm and friendly before, but they were used to human interaction. #Aarhus is a wonderful #DanishCity to visit and is located in #Jutland #Denmark! From the Old Town to the Deer Park and the Queen’s Castle, Aarhus is full of #TreasuresOfTraveling and has much to offer the foreign traveler. Check out some of those treasures below.
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A view of Øster Storetårn, the iconic round tower of Christiansø, standing tall above the colorful coastal houses with red-tiled roofs. The rocky shoreline and the calm waters of the Baltic Sea create a timeless atmosphere of this historic island settlement.
I love the high rise modern building towering over the traditional Danish buildings of #DenGamleBy, also known as #TheOldTown, is an open-air living museum located in the heart of Aarhus. It allows you to see how people lived and worked in Denmark in 1927. #Aarhus is a wonderful #DanishCity to visit and is located in #Jutland #Denmark! From the Old Town to the Deer Park and the Queen’s Castle, Aarhus is full of #TreasuresOfTraveling and has much to offer the foreign traveler. Check out some of those treasures below.
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A #duck exploring the snow covered grounds of #DenGamleBy, also known as #TheOldTown, which is an open-air living museum located in the heart of Aarhus. It allows you to see how people lived and worked in Denmark in 1927. #Aarhus is a wonderful #DanishCity to visit and is located in #Jutland #Denmark! From the Old Town to the Deer Park and the Queen’s Castle, Aarhus is full of #TreasuresOfTraveling and has much to offer the foreign traveler. Check out some of those treasures below.
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The #Cathedral of Aarhus or better known as Aarhus #Domkirke is the longest & tallest #church in Denmark that is located in the “World’s Smallest Big City”. #Aarhus is a #DanishCity located in #Jutland #Denmark! From the Old Town to the Deer Park and the Queen’s Castle, Aarhus is full of #TreasuresOfTraveling and has much to offer the foreign traveler. Check out some of those treasures below.
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The architecture of the traditional buildings of #DenGamleBy are beautiful! It is an open-air living museum located in the heart of Aarhus and it's second name is the #TheOldTown. It allows you to see how people lived and worked in Denmark centuries ago. #Aarhus is a wonderful #DanishCity to visit and is located in #Jutland #Denmark! From the Old Town to the Deer Park and the Queen’s Castle, Aarhus is full of #TreasuresOfTraveling and has much to offer the foreign traveler. Check out some of those treasures below.
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The statue of Ludvig Holberg by Theobald Stein, together with Herman Wilhelm Bissen's statue of Adam Oehlenschläger, flanks the main entrance to the Royal Danish Theatre on Kongens Nytorv in Copenhagen, Denmark. It was created by Stein in conjunction with the inauguration of Vilhelm Dahlerup's new theatre building in 1875. Bissen's statue of Oehlenschläger is from 1861 and was originally located on Sankt Annæ Plads.
The bronze statue of Holberg depicts him in a comfortable pose, leaned back in an armchair with his right leg stretched out, holding a book in one hand and his walking stick in the other. He is dressed in clothes typical of the late 18th century. Stein based his portrayl of Holberg on Johan Roselius's portrait painting in Sorø Academy and Bertel Thorvaldsen's 1839 portrait bust. The statue has been described as having "a subtly satirical facial expression as if he is watching all the Jean de Frances and political tinkers that are passing by on the square in front of him".
In 1851, Theobald Stein won Neuhausen's Prize (De Neuhausenske Præmier [da]) with a half-size portrait statuette of Ludvig Holberg. The other participants in the competition were Otto Evens, Thorvald Mule and August Saabye. In the early 1870s, Stein was commissioned to create a colossal version of this early work for the new Royal Danish Theatre on Kongens Nytorv. Together with Herman Wilhelm Bissen's 1861 statue of Adam Oehlenschläger, which had until then been located on Sankt Annæ Plads, it was supposed to flank the main entrance of the new theatre building. honouring what was regarded as the two founding fathers of Danish theatre. Since Bissen's statue of Oehlenschläger also depicted him seated in a chair with a book, Stein saw a need for his Holberg statue to stand out from it more clearly. On Wilhelm Marstrand's advice, he therefore chose to add a walking stick to the composition. The new building for the Royal Danish Theatre was inaugurated on 15 October 1984. The Ludvig Holberg statue was unveiled on 31 October 1875. An incidental song by Hans Peter Holst was performed at the event.
The original plaster model of Stein's portrait bust (signed "28 February 1850, original") was acquired by the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek at an auction of Stein's estate on 2 April 1902. An 1851 plaster version of Stein's portrait statuette was acquired by the Royal Collection and is now in the collection of the National Gallery of Denmark/ Two 190+[clarification needed] bronze casts of the 1851 statuette are on display in the Frederiksborg Museum in Hillerød and the Theatre Museum in Copenhagen.
Copenhagen is the capital and most populous city of Denmark, with a population of 1.4 million in the urban area. The city is situated on the islands of Zealand and Amager, separated from Malmö, Sweden, by the Øresund strait. The Øresund Bridge connects the two cities by rail and road.
Originally a Viking fishing village established in the 10th century in the vicinity of what is now Gammel Strand, Copenhagen became the capital of Denmark in the early 15th century. During the 16th century, the city served as the de facto capital of the Kalmar Union and the seat of the Union's monarchy, which governed most of the modern-day Nordic region as part of a Danish confederation with Sweden and Norway. The city flourished as the cultural and economic centre of Scandinavia during the Renaissance. By the 17th century, it had become a regional centre of power, serving as the heart of the Danish government and military. During the 18th century, Copenhagen suffered from a devastating plague outbreak and urban conflagrations. Major redevelopment efforts included the construction of the prestigious district of Frederiksstaden and the establishment of cultural institutions such as the Royal Theatre and the Royal Academy of Fine Arts. The city also became the centre of the Danish slave trade during this period. In 1807, the city was bombarded by a British fleet during the Napoleonic Wars, before the Danish Golden Age brought a Neoclassical look to Copenhagen's architecture. After World War II, the Finger Plan fostered the development of housing and businesses along the five urban railway routes emanating from the city centre.
Since the turn of the 21st century, Copenhagen has seen strong urban and cultural development, facilitated by investment in its institutions and infrastructure. The city is the cultural, economic and governmental centre of Denmark; it is one of the major financial centres of Northern Europe with the Copenhagen Stock Exchange. Copenhagen's economy has developed rapidly in the service sector, especially through initiatives in information technology, pharmaceuticals and clean technology. Since the completion of the Øresund Bridge, Copenhagen has increasingly integrated with the Swedish province of Scania and its largest city, Malmö, forming the Øresund Region. With several bridges connecting the various districts, the cityscape is characterised by parks, promenades, and waterfronts. Copenhagen's landmarks such as Tivoli Gardens, The Little Mermaid statue, the Amalienborg and Christiansborg palaces, Rosenborg Castle, Frederik's Church, Børsen and many museums, restaurants and nightclubs are significant tourist attractions.
Copenhagen is home to the University of Copenhagen, the Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen Business School, and the IT University of Copenhagen. The University of Copenhagen, founded in 1479, is the oldest university in Denmark. Copenhagen is home to the football clubs F.C. Copenhagen and Brøndby IF. The annual Copenhagen Marathon was established in 1980. Copenhagen is one of the most bicycle-friendly cities in the world. Movia is the public mass transit company serving all of eastern Denmark, except Bornholm. The Copenhagen Metro, launched in 2002, serves central Copenhagen. Additionally, the Copenhagen S-train, the Lokaltog (private railway), and the Coast Line network serve and connect central Copenhagen to outlying boroughs. Serving roughly 2.5 million passengers a month, Copenhagen Airport, Kastrup, is the busiest airport in the Nordic countries.
The #Cathedral of Aarhus or better known as Aarhus #Domkirke is the longest & tallest #church in Denmark & artists have spent a great amount of time #painting #frescoes within the cathedral, like this one. #Aarhus is a #DanishCity located in #Jutland #Denmark & Aarhus is full of #TreasuresOfTraveling.
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Frederik's Church (Danish: Frederiks Kirke), popularly known as The Marble Church (Marmorkirken) for its rococo architecture, is an Evangelical Lutheran church in Copenhagen, Denmark. The church forms the focal point of the Frederiksstaden district; it is located due west of Amalienborg Palace.
The church was designed by the architect Nicolai Eigtved in 1740 and was along with the rest of Frederiksstaden, a district of Copenhagen, intended to commemorate the 300 years jubilee of the first coronation of a member of the House of Oldenburg.
Frederick's Church has the largest church dome in Scandinavia with a span of 31 m. The dome rests on 12 columns. The inspiration was probably St. Peter's Basilica in Rome.
The foundation stone was set by king Frederick V on October 31, 1749, but the construction was slowed by budget cuts and the death of Eigtved in 1754. In 1770, the original plans for the church were abandoned by Johann Friedrich Struensee. The church was left incomplete and, in spite of several initiatives to complete it, stood as a ruin for nearly 150 years.
In 1874, Andreas Frederik Krieger, Denmark's Finance Minister at the time, sold the ruins of the uncompleted church and the church square to Carl Frederik Tietgen for 100,000 Rigsdaler — none of which was to be paid in cash — on the condition that Tietgen would build a church in a style similar to the original plans and donate it to the state when complete, while in turn he acquired the rights to subdivide neighboring plots for development.
The deal was at the time highly controversial. On 25 January 1877, a case was brought by the Folketing at the Court of Impeachment (Danish: Rigsretten), Krieger being charged with corruption over this deal. He was, however, eventually acquitted.
Tietgen got Ferdinand Meldahl to design the church in its final form and financed its construction. Due to financial restrictions, the original plans for the church to be built almost entirely from marble were discarded, and instead Meldahl opted for construction to be done with limestone. The church was finally opened to the public on August 19, 1894.
Inscribed in gold lettering on the entablature of the front portico are the words: HERRENS ORD BLIVER EVINDELIG (Danish: the word of the Lord endureth for ever – 1 Peter 1:25, KJV).
A series of statues of prominent theologians and ecclesiastical figures, including one of the eminent Danish philosopher Kierkegaard (who, incidentally, had become very critical of the established church by the end of his life), encircles the grounds of the building.
A picturesque view of Bornholm Island, where traditional yellow houses with tiled roofs blend harmoniously with ancient stone walls and lush greenery. The scene captures the island’s unique Nordic charm, historic architecture, and peaceful atmosphere, inviting visitors to explore the timeless beauty of this Baltic gem.