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Montblanc Elizabeth I Patron of Arts 2010 fountain pen.
1/4 You Tube vid: youtu.be/DWN22eyQ64A
Montblanc Elizabeth I writing instrument seriously tempted my pocket book but MAC preferred another holiday trip to a warm climate.
Limited Edition 4810 and Limited Edition 888
Montblanc's Patron of Art Edition has annually honoured a legendary benefactor of the arts and culture since this special writing instrument line was originally conceived in 1992. This year’s edition is dedicated to an all time great cultural force - Elizabeth I. Regarded the most successful monarch to ever ascend an English throne, under Elizabeth's astute and skillful rule, England "came of age" and, witnessing groundbreaking achievements, was transformed from a "remote backwater" to a globally dominant imperial power. Great battles were won. The New World - or the "Americas" - was discovered and the English Renaissance reached its zenith because of Elizabeth's artistic patronage.
Patron of Art Edition Elizabeth I - Limited Edition 888
Patron of Art Edition Elizabeth I - Limited Edition 4810
The "best educated woman of her generation..." Elizabeth was "passionately" interested in the arts and her "luminous" court stimulated some of the greatest artistic achievements of all time. William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe flourished during her reign as did the poet Edmund Spenser, the painter Nicholas Hillyard and the English composers William Byrd, John Dowland and Thomas Tallis.
Elizabeth I was also a gifted writer and the 2010 Montblanc Patron of Art Edition is therefore composed of two writing instruments conceived with sumptuously striking and clever adornments celebrating her intellect and inimitable regal flair. Patron of Art Edition Elizabeth I, limited to 4810 pieces and limited to 888 pieces, will debut in April 2010 and May 2010, respectively. And, as their presentation has always been associated with the Montblanc de la Culture Arts Patronage Award - which annually celebrates contemporary arts and cultural patrons - the Patron of Art Edition continues a story linking a historical figure with future talent.
Elizabeth I - A Legend in her Own Lifetime
Centuries after her death, Elizabeth I (1533 - 1603), is still considered as one of England's "most popular and influential rulers". She was born at Greenwich Palace on 7 September 1533 to Anne Boleyn, the second wife of Henry VIII, although her arrival was greeted with "surprise and displeasure", by the Court. The "failure" to produce a son for King Henry jeopardized Queen Anne’s life due to her husband's obsession with conceiving a male heir. Charged with adultery, she was beheaded in May 1536.
A retinue of governesses raised the young princess Elizabeth and though she was shunned by her father, Catherine Parr, the "remarkable" sixth and last wife of Henry VIII, oversaw the education which groomed the future queen for greatness and the Patron of Art Edition Elizabeth I will celebrate their special bond. Under the Cambridge scholar Roger Ascham, Elizabeth studied the classics, read history and theology and became fluent in six languages - Greek, Latin, French, Italian, Spanish and German. Her love of music and, skill as a musician, developed from the 60 instrumentalists who resided at Hatfield House, her childhood residence. From age 11, she composed prayers and poems and, when jailed for suspected treason against Mary I, her cousin in 1554, she etched onto a glass prison window a two-line verse with a diamond.
Upon ascending the throne on 15 January 1559, Elizabeth's writing focussed on government matters. She wrote powerful speeches, such as that which she delivered at Tilbury in Essex where English troops had gathered to prepare for Spanish invasion in 1588. Brandishing a silver breastplate over a flowing white velvet gown she arrived on horseback demonstrating the "courage and leadership the English expected" of a monarch - but had never been displayed by a female - and declared to the troops: “I have the body but of a weak and feeble woman but I have the heart and stomach of a king and of a King of England, too".
Nine days later, the defeat of the Spanish Armada proved England's "finest hour". Elizabeth's popularity reached a level no "English woman had enjoyed as a public figure" and she attained supreme power comparable to a "biblical and mythological figure". Her grand mode of dress overawed her subjects while the flourishing of her Renaissance court stimulated new literary, artistic and musical achievements. "Theatres thrived", and, as Shakespeare elevated the English language to its highest level of development, England’s literacy rate soared. Elizabeth attended the debut of Shakespeare's romantic comedy A Midsummer Night's Dream. Numerous works were dedicated to her including poet Edmund Spenser's masterpiece The Fairie Queen. Composers William Byrd, John Dowland and Thomas Tallis also toiled at her court.
The discoveries of adventurers Sir Francis Drake, who circumnavigated the world in 1580, Walter Raleigh's exploration of eastern Venezuela in 1594 and Humphrey Gilbert’s conquering of Newfoundland for the English throne in 1583, spearheaded a new age expansion by the end of Elizabeth's reign. Upon her passing on 24 March 1604, the pioneering monarch, it is said, "departed this life mildly like a lamb, easily like a ripe apple from the tree".
The Limited Edition Celebrating the Elizabethan Age
Patron of Art Edition Elizabeth I 4810
The design and adornments of the Patron of Art Edition Elizabeth I 4810 reflects the life, reign and heraldic regalia of Elizabeth I. Hand engraved on the 18 K gold nib is a bejewelled gold crown which she brandished ascending the throne in 1559. Lacquer barrel and cap signify the spots which appear on an ermine cape, part of the traditional coronation attire which Elizabeth also flaunted. While an ivory coloured Montblanc emblem tops the cap, the clip descends from gold plated Tudor Rose. This "double rose" motif became England’s floral emblem after Henry VII, Elizabeth's grandfather, commandeered it as the symbol of the Tudor Dynasty upon taking the crown from Richard IIII in 1485. The green cabochon embellishing the gold-plated cross upon the clip also reflects the bejewelled cross upon Elizabeth's crown.
Encircling the gold plate band adorning the cap - as well as the cone - is an elegant interlaced pattern inspired by the pretty needlework sleeve Elizabeth conceived for a prayer book she created especially for her stepmother, Catherine Parr, as a New Year's gift in 1544. Entitled The Mirror of the Sinful Soul, it was Lady Elizabeth's own English translation of the French verse originally composed by Queen Margaret of Navarre. A friend of Anne Boleyn, the French Queen gave the original manuscript to her and the religious poem was also a favourite of Catherine Parr’s. Today, Elizabeth I’s handmade book is owned by the University of Oxford's Bodleian Library. Etched by gold plated cap ring is "Video et Taceo" - or "I see and I keep silent". This maxim of Elizabeth I signified her moderate political views and cautious approach to foreign affairs.
Patron of Art Edition Elizabeth I Limited Edition 888
This 750 solid gold fountain pen features a barrel and cap in precious lacquer. Hand engraved on its 18 K gold nib is a bejewelled gold crown in which Elizabeth I ascended the throne in 1559. Topping the cap is the Montblanc emblem rendered in shimmering mother-of-pearl. The clip descends from a solid gold Tudor Rose while its embellishment - a princess cut green garnet - reflects the bejewelled crown. The intricate interlaced motif, derived from the needlework cover of The Mirror of the Sinful Soul, beautifies the solid gold cap and barrel. Elizabeth I's "Video et Taceo" maxim is embossed upon the cap ring.
Montblanc de la Culture Arts Patronage Award
Celebrating Past and Present
The Montblanc de la Culture Arts Patronage Award is presented in 11 countries and represents an exemplary bond forged between past and present and, since its inception in 1992, this merit has been directly linked with the Patron of the Art Edition. The prize, therefore, combines a tribute to an historic patron of the arts while acknowledging a contemporary one. By recognizing the importance of private patronage, the award conveys to the public its crucial role in fostering the arts and culture.
Each recipient of the Montblanc de la Culture Arts Patronage Award is chosen by an international jury of artists and receives financial support of € 15.000 in each country for a cultural project of their own choice. Montblanc also presents the honoree and the jury members with the precious Patron of Art Edition. Sought after by collectors around the world, Montblanc's Patron of Art Edition are writing instruments that will last a lifetime. And like every Montblanc writing instrument, these exceptionally handcrafted fountain pens have been created with the highest demand of craftsmanship that has made Montblanc the benchmark for writing culture.
Prized by connoisseurs and avid collectors, the Montblanc Patron of the Art Edition is a commemorative keepsake meant to be passed down through generations. Manufacturing tools, specially developed for the making of every Montblanc Limited Edition, are destroyed at the end of each production run. As a consequence, these intricately handcrafted pens are collector’s items. Limited Editions produced between 1992 and 2000, for example, have sold at auction for sums greatly exceeding their original retail price, ranging from (US) $ 2,200 to (US) $35,000. And nine years after its 1992 debut, Montblanc Patron of the Art Lorenzo de Medici sold at Christie’s in New York for more than six times its initial cost of (US) $1,292.00, ultimately fetching (US) $8,225.00.
Mei Boa-Jiu, China:
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mei_Baojiu
www.flickr.com/photos/gregsu/14914200150/in/photolist-uiq...
Mei Baojiu (Chinese: 梅葆玖; pinyin: Méi Bǎojiǔ) (29 March 1934 – 25 April 2016)[1] was a contemporary Peking opera artist, also a performer of the Dan role type in Peking Opera and Kunqu opera, the leader of Mei Lanfang Peking Opera troupe in Beijing Peking Opera Theatre. Mei's father Mei Lanfang was one of the most famous Peking opera performers. Mei Baojiu was the ninth and youngest child of Mei Lanfang. For this reason, he was called Baojiu, since in Chinese, jiu means nine.[2] Mei Baojiu was the master of the second generation of Méi School descendant, he was also Mei Lanfang's only child who is now a performer of the Dan role of the Peking Opera.[3]
Mei Baojiu: 梅葆玖
Born: 29 March 1934. Shanghai, China
Died: 25 April 2016 (aged 82) Beijing, China
Occupation: Peking opera artist
Parents: Mei Lanfang (father), Fu Zhifang (mother)
From childhood, Mei had learned Peking Opera from many artists. Mei Baojiu's first opera teacher was Wang Youqing (王幼卿), the nephew of Wang Yaoqing (王瑶卿), who had been the teacher of Mei Lanfang. Tao Yuzhi (陶玉芝) was his teacher of martial arts, while Zhu Chuanming (朱传茗), the famous performer of the Dan role type in Kunqu opera, taught him Kunqu. After that Mei learned the Dan role from Zhu Qinxin (朱琴心). Mei's regular performances of traditional opera include The Hegemon-King Bids His Concubine Farewell, Guifei Intoxicated (貴妃醉酒), Lady General Mu Takes Command (穆桂英挂帅), The story of Yang Guifei (太真外传), Luo Shen (洛神), Xi Shi (西施), etc. Mei has made significant contributions to cultural exchanges and promoting Peking Opera culture. Meanwhile, he also trains more than twenty students, such as Li Shengsu (李胜素), Dong Yuanyuan (董圆圆), Zhang Jing (张晶), Zhang Xinyue (张馨月), Hu Wenge (胡文阁) (the only male student),[4] Tian Hui (田慧), Wei Haimin.[5]
Biography:
Mei Baojiu as a child
In the spring of 1934, Mei Baojiu was born at No. 87 Sinan Road, Shanghai.[2] Because of his comely appearance and delicate voice, his father decided to send Baojiu to learn Peking opera and hoped that Baojiu could make contributions to Méi School. Baojiu himself also showed great interest as well as gifts in Peking opera in his early life. In 1942, Mei Lanfang and his wife Fu Zhifang (福芝芳) invited Wang Youqing (王幼卿), the disciple of famous Dan role performer - Wang Yaoqing (王瑶卿), from Beijing to teach Baojiu as his first qingyi teacher while requesting Zhu Chuanming (朱传茗), one of the most prestigious performers of the Dan role type to teach Baojiu Kunqu Opera. When Mei Lanfang was free from work, he also gave directions to his son himself.[6]
When Baojiu was ten years old, he played Xue Yi (薛倚) in San Niang teaches the child (三娘教子) as his first performance in Shanghai. At the age of twelve, together with his sister Mei Baoyue (梅葆玥), Baojiu acted in Yang Silang Visits His Mother (四郎探母). Being a Qingyi (青衣) performer, he started giving performances of the Legend of the White Snake, The Story Of Su San (玉堂春) and some other traditional plays for charity since the age of 13. He also performed in Wu Jiapo Hill (武家坡) with Baoyue (梅葆玥) at the same time. When Baojiu was 16, he took part in the national tour of the Mei Lanfang Troupe, and toured the country with the troupe. Usually, Baojiu performed for the first three days, and Mei Lanfang performed plays in the rest, sometimes they also performed cooperatively, such as in Legend of the White Snake. Baojiu played the part of Xiao Qing the green snake, while his father played Bai Suzhen the white snake.[6]
Mei Lanfang used to make suggestions to Baojiu in order to make the performance of Baojiu perfect when Baojiu was young. Once, after watching the play The Story Of Sue San (玉堂春), in which Baojiu performed, he came to Baojiu and suggested that Baojiu change the way of acting the spoken parts. He mentioned that it was the most exciting time when the heroine, Sue San, got the Senior judge. For this reason, Baojiu should speak infectiously, he should speak faster and faster to create tension.[7]
Baojiu also got a chance to share the stage with some prestigious senior performers, such as Xiao Changhua (萧长华), Jiang Miaoxiang (姜妙香) and Yu Zhenfei (俞振飞).[8]
Due to the guidance of the actors from the earlier generation, Mei Baojiu's acting greatly improved and hemade a great effort to promote Méi School as well.[9]
In 1961, after Mei Lanfang died, Baojiu took over the position of the leader of Mei Lanfang Peking Opera troupe. During this time, he acted in some other well known plays, such as The mulan (木兰从军), Return of the Phoenix (凤还巢) and Lian Jinfeng (廉锦枫). However, after 1964, almost all performance of traditional plays was forbidden, according to central government regulations. For this reason, Baojiu was forced to do recording and stage lighting related work.[10]
Fourteen years later, in 1978, Baojiu returned to the Mei Lanfang Peking Opera troupe and came back to stage. He reformed the troupe and rearranged many traditional plays like Yuzhoufeng the Sword(宇宙锋), The story of Yang Guifei (太真外传), Luo Shen (洛神), Xi Shi (西施) as well as Royal pavilion (御碑亭) at the same time.[11]
From 1981 to 1984, together with his sister Mei Baoyue and descendants of other schools, he participated in the performance of a series memorial activities to commemorate his father. Making the eight-hour long play lasts for only three hours, he also rearranged The story of Yang Guifei in the late 1980s.[12]
In 1993, led by Baojiu, the Mei Lanfang Peking Opera troupe visited Taiwan and gave elaborately prepared performances to the public. He has made significant contributions to cultural exchanges and promoting Peking Opera culture.[13]
Baojiu cultivates more than twenty students, such as Li Shengsu, Dong Yuanyuan (董圆圆), Zhang Jing (张晶), Zhang Xinyue (张馨月), Hu Wenge (the only male student), Tian Hui (田慧), Wei Haimin (魏海敏). In the last twenty years, he mainly focused on training these students.
As a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), Mei Baojiu put forward a proposal on introducing Peking Opera into elementary schools in 2009.[14]
In March 2012, at the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Mei put forward a proposal on introducing the form of animation into Peking Opera in order to make more teenagers be interested in Peking Opera.[15]
On 26 March 2012, Mei received his Ph.D. from J. F. Oberlin University in Japan.[16]
On 31 March 2016, Mei was hospitalized because of bronchospasm. He died on 25 April 2016, at the age of 82.[17]
Famous plays:
Like his father, Mei Baojiu acts Dan role in the following classic Peking opera plays. The Hegemon-King Bids His Concubine Farewell tells the sad love story of Xiang Yu and his favourite concubine Consort Yu when he is surrounded by Liu Bang’s forces. Mei plays the role of Consort Yu. Shang Changrong (the 3rd son of Shang Xiaoyun) once played the role of Xiang Yu as Mei's partner.
Guifei Intoxicated, also named Bai Hua Ting (百花亭), is about Yang Guifei. In this play she drinks down her sorrow because she is irritated by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang breaking his promise. Based on Mei Lanfang’s original work, Mei Baojiu adapted this play for The Great Concubine of Tang (大唐贵妃), a contemporary Beijing opera with historical motif in 2002. Mu Guiying Takes Command, a classic Yu opera was adapted by Mei Lanfang in 1959, and he acted the leading role the same year in celebration of the 10th anniversary of PRC.
Cooperating with famous Yu opera master Ma Jinfeng (马金凤), Mei Baojiu performed this play in the Shuang xia guo style (双下锅), which means different forms of opera performed in one play.[3]
Family:
Mei Baojiu's mother, Fu Zhifang (福芝芳), the second wife of Mei Lanfang, bore 9 children, but only 4 of them survived.
Mei Baojiu is the youngest child in his family. His eldest brother, Mei Baochen (梅葆琛) (1925-2008), was a senior engineer in Beijing's Academy of Architecture (北京建筑设计院). His elder brother, Mei Shaowu (梅绍武) (1928-2005), was a researcher of the Chinese academy of social sciences institute of the United States (中国社会科学院美国研究所) and the president of Mei Lanfang Culture-art Seminar (中国梅兰芳文化艺术研究会). His elder sister Mei Baoyue (梅葆玥) (1930-2000) was a performer of the Laosheng role type in Peking Opera, and performed together with Mei Baojiu sometimes. Mei Baojiu is the only heir to the Meipai Qingyi (梅派青衣).[3][18]
Mei Baojiu's wife is named Lin Liyuan (林丽媛), she is the consultant of Mei Lanfang Troupe. They have no children.[19]
References:
^ Mei Shaowu (梅绍武), Mei Weidong (梅卫东), Biography of Mei Lanfang (梅兰芳自述) :Appendix - studies (附录：年谱简表)
^ a b Wu Ying (吴迎), From Mei Lanfang to Mei Baojiu (从梅兰芳到梅葆玖) Page 50
^ a b c "梅氏家族 (May Family)". Archived from the original on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
^ "胡文阁被梅葆玖"看"得紧紧的(组图) (Mei Baojiu keeps a close watch on Hu Wenge (photo))". 9 January 2012. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
^ "梅葆玖简介 (About Mei Baojiu)". July 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
^ a b Li Zhongming (李仲明), The Family of Mei Lanfang (梅兰芳家族) Page93
^ Li Zhongming (李仲明), The Family of Mei Lanfang (梅兰芳家族) Page 96
^ "梅兰芳的剧照 Mei Lanfang snapshot". Archived from the original on 17 April 2012. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
^ Li Zhongming (李仲明), The Family of Mei Lanfang (梅兰芳家族) Page92 - 93
^ Li Zhongming (李仲明), The Family of Mei Lanfang (梅兰芳家族) Page110
^ Li Zhongming (李仲明), The Family of Mei Lanfang (梅兰芳家族) Page112-113
^ Xu Beicheng (徐北城), Mei Lanfang and the 20th century (梅兰芳与二十世纪) :chapter 10. the Dance of Mei (第十章：梅之舞)
^ Li Zhongming (李仲明), The Family of Mei Lanfang (梅兰芳家族) Page113-121
^ "Mei Baojiu". 11 March 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
^ "Mei Baojiu". 7 March 2012. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
^ "Mei Baojiu". 29 March 2012. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
^ "京剧大师梅葆玖去世享年82岁 世间从此再无"梅先生"". people.cn. 25 April 2016. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
^ Li Zhongming (李仲明), The Family of Mei Lanfang (梅兰芳家族) Page84 - 90
^ "About Mei Baojiu". 29 March 2012. Archived from the original on 5 December 2012. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
Martine Franck, France:
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martine_Franck
Martine Franck (2 April 1938 – 16 August 2012) was a British-Belgian documentary and portrait photographer. She was a member of Magnum Photos for over 32 years. Franck was the second wife of Henri Cartier-Bresson and co-founder and president of the Henri Cartier-Bresson Foundation.
Martine Franck
Photo of Martine Franck.jpg
Franck in 1972, by Henri-Cartier Bresson
Born: 2 April 1938 Antwerp, Belgium
Died: 16 August 2012 (aged 74) Paris, France
Occupation
Documentary and portrait photographer
Spouse(s): Henri Cartier-Bresson (m. 1970; died 2004)
Children: 1
Contents:
Early life:
Franck was born in Antwerp[1] to the Belgian banker Louis Franck and his British wife, Evelyn.[2] After her birth the family moved almost immediately to London.[2] A year later, her father joined the British army, and the rest of the family were evacuated to the United States, spending the remainder of the Second World War on Long Island and in Arizona.[3]
Franck's father was an amateur art collector who often took his daughter to galleries and museums. Franck was in boarding school from the age of six onwards, and her mother sent her a postcard every day, frequently of paintings. Ms. Franck, attended Heathfield School, an all-girls boarding school close to Ascot in England, and studied the history of art from the age of 14. "I had a wonderful teacher who really galvanized me," she says. "In those days she took us on outings to London, which was the big excitement of the year for me."[4]
Career:
Franck studied art history at the University of Madrid and at the Ecole du Louvre in Paris. After struggling through her thesis (on French sculptor Henri Gaudier-Brzeska and the influence of cubism on sculpture), she said she realized she had no particular talent for writing, and turned to photography instead.[5]
In 1963, Franck's photography career started following trips to the Far East, having taken pictures with her cousin’s Leica camera. Returning to France in 1964, now possessing a camera of her own, Franck became an assistant to photographers Eliot Elisofon and Gjon Mili at Time-Life. By 1969 she was a busy freelance photographer for magazines such as Vogue, Life and Sports Illustrated, and the official photographer of the Théâtre du Soleil (a position she held for 48 years).[6] From 1970 to 1971 she worked in Paris at the Agence Vu photo agency, and in 1972 she co-founded the Viva agency.[2]
In 1980, Franck joined the Magnum Photos cooperative agency as a "nominee", and in 1983 she became a full member. She was one of a very small number of women to be accepted into the agency.
In 1983, she completed a project for the now-defunct French Ministry of Women's Rights and in 1985 she began collaborating with the non-profit International Federation of Little Brothers of the Poor. In 1993, she first traveled to the Irish island of Tory where she documented the tiny Gaelic community living there. She also traveled to Tibet and Nepal, and with the help of Marilyn Silverstone photographed the education system of the Tibetan Tulkus monks. In 2003 and 2004 she returned to Paris to document the work of theater director Robert Wilson who was staging La Fontaine's fables at the Comédie Française.[7]
Nine books of Franck's photographs have been published, and in 2005 Franck was made a chevalier of the French Légion d'Honneur.[8]
Franck continued working even after she was diagnosed with bone cancer in 2010. Her last exhibition was in October 2011 at the Maison Européenne de la Photographie. The exhibit consisted of 62 portraits of artists "coming from somewhere else” collected from 1965 through 2010. This same year, there were collections of portraits shown at New York's Howard Greenberg Gallery and at the Claude Bernard Gallery, Paris.[9]
Work:
Franck was well known for her documentary-style photographs of important cultural figures such as the painter Marc Chagall, philosopher Michel Foucault and poet Seamus Heaney, and of remote or marginalized communities such as Tibetan Buddhist monks, elderly French people, and isolated Gaelic speakers. Michael Pritchard, the Director-General of the Royal Photographic Society, observed: "Martine was able to work with her subjects and bring out their emotions and record their expressions on film, helping the viewer understand what she had seen in person. Her images were always empathetic with her subject." In 1976, Frank took one of her most iconic photos of bathers beside a pool in Le Brusc, Provence. By her account, she saw them from a distance and rushed to photograph the moment, all the while changing the roll of film in her camera. She quickly closed the lens just at the right moment, when happened to be most intense.[9]
She cited as influences the portraits of British photographer Julia Margaret Cameron, the work of American photojournalist Dorothea Lange and American documentary photographer Margaret Bourke-White.[8] In 2010, she told The New York Times that photography "suits my curiosity about people and human situations." [10]
She worked outside the studio, using a 35 mm Leica camera, and preferring black and white film.[2] The British Royal Photographic Society has described her work as "firmly rooted in the tradition of French humanist documentary photography."[11]
Personal life:
Franck was often described as elegant, dignified and shy.[12][13][14]
In 1966, she met Henri Cartier-Bresson, thirty years her senior, when she was photographing Paris fashion shows for The New York Times. In 2010, she told interviewer Charlie Rose "his opening line was, ‘Martine, I want to come and see your contact sheets.’" They married in 1970, had one child, a daughter named Mélanie, and remained together until his death in 2004.[2]
Throughout her career Franck, who was sometimes described as a feminist, was uncomfortable being in the shadow of her famous husband and wanted to be recognized for her own work. In 1970, the Institute of Contemporary Arts in London planned to stage Franck's first solo exhibition: when she saw that the invitations included her husband's name and said he would be present at the launch, she cancelled the show. Franck once said that she put her husband's career ahead of her own. In 2003 Franck and her daughter launched the Henri Cartier-Bresson Foundation to promote Cartier-Bresson's photojournalism, and in 2004 Franck became its president.[8]
Franck was diagnosed with leukemia in 2010, and died in Paris in 2012 at 74 years old.[2]
Publications:
Martine Franck: Dun jour, l'autre. France: Seuil, 1998. ISBN 978-2-02-034771-6
Tibetan Tulkus, images of continuity. London: Anna Maria Rossi & Fabio Rossi Publications, 2000. ISBN 978-0-9520992-8-4
Tory Island Images. Wolfhound Press, 2000. ISBN 978-0-86327-561-6
Martine Franck Photographe, Musée de la Vie romantique, Paris-Musées/Adam Biro, 2002. ISBN 978-2-87660-346-2
Fables de la Fontaine (production by Robert Wilson), Actes Sud. Paris, 2004
Martine Franck: One Day to the Next. Aperture, 2005. ISBN 978-0-89381-845-6
Martine Franck. Louis Baring. London: Phaidon, 2007. ISBN 978-0-7148-4781-8
Martine Franck: Photo Poche. France: Actes Sud, 2007. ISBN 978-2-7427-6725-0
Women/Femmes, Steidl, 2010. ISBN 978-3-86930-149-5
Venus d'ailleurs, Actes Sud, 2011
ExhibitionsEdit
La vie et la mort, Rencontres d'Arles, Arles, France, 1980[citation needed]
Martine Franck Photographe, Musée de la Vie romantique, Paris, 2004[citation needed]
Les Rencontres, Rencontres d'Arles, Arles, France, 2004[citation needed]
ReferencesEdit
^ Phaidon Editors (2019). Great women artists. Phaidon Press. p. 141. ISBN 0714878774.
^ a b c d e f Leslie Kaufman (22 August 2012). "Martine Franck, Documentary Photographer, Dies at 74". New York Times. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
^ Tori (21 August 2012). "'Magnum has lost a point of reference, a lighthouse, and one of our most influential and beloved members – Martine Franck". Film's Not Dead. Archived from the original on 26 August 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
^ Grey, Tobias (21 October 2011). "Martine Franck's Curious Lens". ProQuest 899273270.
^ Bussell, Mark (8 June 2010). "Martine Franck's Pictures Within Pictures". New York Times. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
^ Wallace, Vaughan (20 August 2012). "Martine Franck: 1938 – 2012". Life magazine. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
^ Magnumphotos
^ a b c Hopkinson, Amanda (19 August 2012). "Martine Franck obituary". Guardian. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
^ a b Childs, Martin (29 August 2012). "The Independent". The Independent. Independent Print Ltd.
^ Bussell, Mark (8 June 2010). "Martine Franck's Pictures Within Pictures". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
^ Laurent, Olivier (17 August 2012). "Magnum Photos member and photographer Martine Franck has died". British Journal of Photography. Archived from the original on 19 August 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
^ Gill, A.A. (2008). Previous convictions: assignments from here and there (1st Simon & Schuster trade pbk. ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster Paperbacks. p. 90. ISBN 978-1416572497.
^ Walker, David (17 August 2012). "Photographer Martine Franck dies". Photo District News. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
^ "Wife of Henri Cartier-Bresson, Martine Franck, dies at 74". Art Media Agency. 20 August 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
External linksEdit
Henri Cartier-Bresson Foundation
New York Times "Martine Franck's Pictures Within Pictures"
Martine Franck 1991 catalogue of Taipei Fine Art Museum, with the pencil painting of Henri Cartier-Bresson.
Dr. rer. pol. Arend Oetker, Germany:
de.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arend_Oetker
Arend Oetker was born on March 30, 1939 in Bielefeld, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany and studied business administration and political science in Hamburg, Berlin and Cologne as well as Marketing at Harvard Business School. He received his doctorate in 1966 from the University of Cologne.
Dr. Arend Oetker, Managing Partner of Dr. Arend Oetker Holding, is Honorary Chairman of the Board and majority shareholder of the food company Hero AG, Deputy Chairman and major shareholder of KWS Saat AG and chairman of the board of Cognos AG.
Furthermore, Dr. Arend Oetker is actively involved as president of the German Council on Foreign Relations (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik e. V.), board member of the Confederation of German Employers‘ Associations (Bundesvereinigung der Deutschen Arbeitgeberverbände e. V.) and honorary member of the Federation of German Industries (Bundesverband der Deutschen Industrie e. V.). He has received a number of accolades in the field of visual arts and music.
Dr. Arend Oetker is married and has five children.
Dr. William Mong Man Wai, Hong Kong:
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Mong
William Mong Man-wai GBS (Chinese: 蒙民偉, 7 November 1927 – 20 July 2010) was the chairman of the Shun Hing Group, the distributor of Matsushita products (National, Panasonic, Technics) in Hong Kong.
He attended La Salle College in Hong Kong. Mong Man-wai died from cancer on 20 July 2010, aged 82. Many buildings in Hong Kong universities are named after him.[1]
Award received:
Gold Bauhinia Star
honorary doctor of the University of Hong Kong
honorary doctor of the Tsinghua University (2007)
honorary doctor of the Chinese University of Hong Kong.
Giulio Mogol, Italy:
Giulio Rapetti (born 17 August 1936), in art Mogol (Italian pronunciation: [moˈɡɔl]), is an Italian music lyricist. He is best known for his collaborations with Lucio Battisti, Gianni Bella, Adriano Celentano and Mango.
Career:
Mogol was born in Milan. His father, Mariano Rapetti, was an important director of the Ricordi record label, and had been in his own time a successful lyricist of the 1950s. Young Giulio, who was likewise employed by Ricordi as a public relations expert, began his own career as a lyricist against his father's wishes.
His first successes were "Il cielo in una stanza", set to music by Gino Paoli and sung by Mina; "Al di là", a piece that won the 1961 Sanremo Festival, performed by Luciano Tajoli and Betty Curtis; "Una lacrima sul viso", which was a huge hit for Bobby Solo in 1964. Another famous song from 1961 was "Uno dei tanti" (English: "One among many") which was rewritten by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller in 1963 for Ben E. King and released under the title "I (Who Have Nothing)".
In addition to writing new lyrics in Italian for a great many singers, Mogol also took it upon himself, in years in which familiarity with the English language in Italy was still sparse, to translate many hits from overseas, especially film soundtracks, but also works of Bob Dylan and David Bowie.
In 1965, he met Lucio Battisti, a young guitarist and composer from the Latium region of central Italy. Mogol's lyrics contributed to Battisti's initial success as an author, in megahits such as "29 settembre", and led him to undertake the role of producer as well, as happened with the song "Sognando la California", which Mogol himself had translated from the signature number of The Mamas & the Papas, "California Dreamin'", and with "Senza luce" ("Without light"), an Italian rendering of "A Whiter Shade of Pale" by Procol Harum.
In 1966, Mogol, overcoming resistance from his record label, convinced Battisti to perform his own songs. The lyricist's intuition would have one of the most rewarding outcomes of the history of Italian music, as Battisti, after a halting start, would explode as a singer, becoming one of the most successful artists in the panorama of Italian music. In the same year, Mogol left the Ricordi label to create his own with Battisti, called Numero Uno, which brought together many celebrated Italian singer-songwriters. The pair wrote songs as well for Bruno Lauzi and Patty Pravo. Their greatest chart success came from the songs written for Mina in 1969–1970.
In 1980, Mogol broke the artistic relationship with Battisti, and successfully continued his independent career as a lyricist with the noted singer-songwriter Riccardo Cocciante, with whom he wrote the texts for some successful albums, first in the series being "Cervo a Primavera".
Mogol (2007)
Lately, he began his collaboration with Mango, co-writing successful songs like "Oro", "Nella mia città", "Come Monna Lisa" and "Mediterraneo".
Mogol has formed a stable partnership with Adriano Celentano; his songs for Celentano are scored by the Sicilian singer-songwriter Gianni Bella. This collaboration has produced the delicate song "L'arcobaleno", included in the CD Io non so parlar d'amore, which is considered dedicated to Battisti, who had recently died. Mogol has also collaborated with singer-songwriter Jack Rubinacci.
Mari Natsuki, Japan:
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_Natsuki
Junko Nakajima (中島 淳子, Nakajima Junko, born 2 May 1952), more commonly known by her stage name Mari Natsuki (夏木 マリ, Natsuki Mari), is a Japanese singer, dancer and actress.[1] Born in Tokyo, she started work as a singer from a young age. In 2007, Natsuki announced her engagement to percussionist Nobu Saitō, with their marriage taking place in Spring 2008.
Mari Natsuki
MJK 08427 Mari Natsuki (Berlinale 2018).jpg
Mari Natsuki (2018)
Born: Mari Natsuki. 夏木 マリ. 2 May 1952 (age 67) Tokyo, Japan
Nationality: Japanese
Other names: Junko Nakajima
Occupation: Singer, dancer, actress
Natsuki has participated in musical theatre, including that of Yukio Ninagawa. She provided the voice of Yubaba in Spirited Away, played the young witch's mother in the Japanese TV remake of Bewitched and has twice been nominated for a Japanese Academy Award. Natsuki played the character Big Mama in the Japanese version of Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots[2] and has also acted in television dramas, such as the 2005 series Nobuta o Produce, playing the Vice Principal, Katharine.
Contents:
Film:
Otoko wa Tsurai yo series:
Tora-san, My Uncle (1989)
Tora-san Takes a Vacation (1990)
Tora-san Confesses (1991)
Tora-San Makes Excuses (1992)
Tora-san to the Rescue (1995)
Tora-san, Wish You Were Here (2019)
Onimasa (1982)
Legend of the Eight Samurai (1983)
Kita no Hotaru (1984)
Jittemai (1986)
Death Powder (1986)
Otoko wa Tsurai yo: Boku no Ojisan (1989)
The Hunted (1995)
Samurai Fiction (1998)
Spirited Away (2001)
Shōjo (2001)
Ping Pong (2002)
Okusama wa Majo (2004)
Sugar and Spice (2006)
Sakuran (2007)
Girl In The Sunny Place (2013)
Isle of Dogs (2018)
Ikiru Machi (2018)
Vision (2018)
Dai Kome Sōdō (2021), Taki
Television: Yoshitsune (2005), Carnation (2011), Montage (2016), Meet Me After School (2018)
Video Games: Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots (Big Mama) (2008), Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception (Katherine Marlowe) (2011)
Japanese dub:
Live-action: Feud (Joan Crawford (Jessica Lange)), The West Wing (C.J. Cregg (Allison Janney))
Animation: Moana (Tala)
References:
^ Mills, Ted. "Apple Music Preview. About Mari Natsuki". music.apple.com. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
^ Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns Of The Patriots: MGS4 Voice Cast Announced Archived 30 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine.
Changjae Shin, South Korea:
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shin_Chang-jae
Shin Chang-jae (born 1953/54) is a Korean billionaire businessman, Chairman and CEO of Kyobo Life Insurance Company.
Shin Chang-jae
Born: 1953/1954 (age 65–66)[1]
Nationality: Korean
Alma mater: Seoul National University
Occupation: Chairman and CEO, Kyobo Life Insurance Company
Net worth: $2.3 billion (June 2015)[1]
Spouse(s): married
Children: 2 sons
Early life:
He is the son of Shin Yong-ho, who founded Kyobo Life Insurance Company in 1958.[1] he has a doctorate from Seoul National University.[1]
Career: Kyobo Life Insurance Building, Seoul
He trained as an obstetrician and worked as a professor at the Seoul National University medical school.[1]
He has been Chairman and CEO of Kyobo Life Insurance Company since 2000.[1] In June 2015, Forbes estimated his net worth at US$2.3 billion.[1]
Personal life: He is married with two sons and lives in Seoul, South Korea.[1]
References: ^ a b c d e f g h "Shin Chang-Jae". Forbes. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
Patrick Charpenel, Mexico;
Patrick Charpenel will be the new executive director of El Museo del Barrio in New York.
Charpenel is a Mexico City–based curator who has worked extensively in Mexico as well as internationally. He organized a Gabriel Orozco retrospective at the Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes in Mexico City in 2006 and an exhibition of work by Franz West at the Museo Tamayo Arte Contemporáneo in 2009. He also oversaw the Art Public section for the 2009 and 2010 editions of Art Basel Miami Beach.
Charpenel served as the executive director of Museo Jumex, the private museum in Mexico City of ART news Top 200 collector Eugenio López Alonso. (Charpenel resigned from his post in 2015 amid the controversy over the cancellation of a Hermann Nitsch show.) Charpenel is also a writer and a collector of “a heterogeneous group of works” that focuses on such interests as “the structure of the global economy and the extension of artistic experience into the social sphere.”
Patrick Charpenel is an art historian and collector currently working as an independent curator in Mexico City. He holds a graduate degree in philosophy. Charpenel has curated numerous exhibitions including Franz West, Tamayo Museum, Mexico City, Mexico (2006); Sólo los personajes cambian, Museum of Contemporary Art, Monterrey, Mexico (2004); Inter.play, Moore Space, Miami, Florida (2003); Edén, Jumex Collection, Mexico City, Mexico (2003); and ACNÉ, Museum of Modern Art, Mexico City, Mexico (1995). He has numerous critical texts published in catalogues and magazines.
2018 Bienvenidos a El Museo del Barrio!
We are excited to announce the appointment of our new Executive Director, Patrick Charpenel. El Museo del Barrio is thrilled to have Charpenel join the institution’s leadership and we look forward to seeing what he will bring to the legacy of this museum.
YouTube: youtu.be/l1Amlj49bt8
Laura Garcia-Lorca de los Rios, Spain:
Gloria Giner de los Ríos García (28 March 1886 – 6 February 1970) was a Spanish teacher at the Escuela Normal Superior de Maestras and the Institución Libre de Enseñanza. The author of innovative manuals dedicated to the teaching of history and geography,[1] she, together with Leonor Serrano Pablo [es], developed the educational "recipe" that they called "enthusiastic observation". They also worked to change the androcentric canon of geographical studies to include women.[2]
Gloria Giner de los Ríos García
Born: 28 March 1886 Madrid, Spain
Died: 6 February 1970 (aged 83) Madrid, Spain
Resting place: Civil Cemetery of Madrid [es]
Occupation: Teacher
Spouse(s): Fernando de los Ríos
Children: Laura de los Ríos Giner [es]
Parents: Hermenegildo Giner de los Ríos [es] (father), Laura García Hoppe [es] (mother)
She lived in exile during the Francoist Spain era, forming part of the intellectual elite that carried out educational, philological, literary, legal, and cultural work. Her family had close connections to that of poet Federico García Lorca.
Biography:
Gloria Giner de los Ríos García was born in Madrid on 28 March 1886. The daughter of Laura García Hoppe [es] and Hermenegildo Giner de los Ríos [es], she spent her childhood and adolescence in Madrid, Alicante, and Barcelona, cities where her father held the Chair of Philosophy. After finishing high school in 1906 and teaching in 1908, she completed her training by attending classes at the Institución Libre de Enseñanza and taking courses in art, pedagogy, and philosophy.[3] In 1909, she was promoted to the Escuela de Estudios Superiores de Magisterio [es].[1]
Marriage, family, and social life:
On 1 July 1912, Giner married Fernando de los Ríos, who had obtained the Chair of Law at the University of Granada. It was in this city that the couple took up residence, and in which Gloria was a teacher at the Normal School, by right of consort at first, and later in her own position.[3] A year later, their daughter Laura de los Ríos Giner [es] was born. In Granada, the Ríos Giner family became friends with the García Lorca family, with Manuel de Falla, and with Berta Wilhelmi and her husband Eduardo Domínguez. Wilhelmi had been in contact with the Institución Libre de Enseñanza and had organized some community schools in Almuñécar.[4] With her collaboration, Giner organized the education of her daughter Laura and other children, including Isabel García Lorca [es], in order to separate them from Granada's private education system.[3]
Laura de los Ríos and Isabel García Lorca:
Federico García Lorca was one of the select circle of friends of the Ríos family. He dedicated the poem Romance sonámbulo to Fernando and Gloria,[5] and was the one who introduced their daughters, Laura de los Ríos and Isabel García Lorca. The friendship between the latter was very intense and lasting. They became sisters-in-law when Laura married Federico's younger brother Francisco [es]. In an interview, Isabel Garcia Lorca recalled:
Gloria Giner was an extraordinary being. Well, of character, I think there was a certain similarity in all of them, some high moral tension. People a little demanding with what others did and what they could do. They were like that down deep, including my mother.[6]
Laura, in another interview, told of her mother's life in Granada:
My mother attended her classes every day...in the afternoon she prepared her classes and helped my father. She translated from German, the language my father and a German teacher in Granada had taught her. She also translated from French, which she knew very well, from Greek and Latin...lovingly and intellectually my parents were a very well-matched marriage.[7]
Professional career:
In 1931, the Provisional Government of the Republic appointed her husband Minister of Justice, and in December, Minister of Public Instruction. Giner told her daughter, "I'm not going to give up my career and live as a minister."[8] Nonetheless she performed some ceremonial functions and accompanied her husband on trips through Spain.[3] In 1932 she was on leave as a teacher at the Normal School, but continued teaching at the Institución Libre de Enseñanza. In 1933, after her husband resigned from government office, she rejoined teaching by accepting a position in Zamora. For three courses she lived alone in a hotel room three days a week, returning to Madrid for the rest of the week.[8] In Zamora, as in Granada, society shunned her for being the wife of a socialist and not attending religious services.[7]
Exile:
At the end of September 1936, Fernando de los Ríos was appointed ambassador of Spain to the United States, a position he held until March 1939. Gloria Giner moved to Washington, D.C. with her daughter, her mother, and a nephew of her husband. Fernanda Urruti, Fernando's mother, would later join them. In Washington, Giner was invited to several meetings that Eleanor Roosevelt organized in the White House.[3] During the Civil War, Fernando de los Ríos was separated from his professorship at the University of Madrid. In 1939, the Franco government definitively separated him from his chair and dismissed him.
Fernando de los Ríos taught at The New School for Social Research in New York, an institution founded to welcome European intellectuals who emigrated for political reasons.[5] Giner was a professor at Columbia University.[3][9] The Ríos-Giner family lived in exile in the United States, which did not recognize Spanish Republican exiles and subjected those who wanted to enter to immigration laws. However, university students and artists were exempt from the rigid immigration quota, provided they were endorsed by US citizens or claimed by a university. Gloria was one of the exiled academics who passed through American universities and formed an intellectual elite.[10]
In 1942, her daughter Laura married Francisco García Lorca, younger brother of the poet Federico, in the Mead Chapel of Middlebury College, where both were professors at the Spanish School.[11] The couple had three daughters, and the family lived together in a New York apartment. In addition to preparing classes, writing poems, and working on the publication of her works, Giner took care of her three granddaughters, took them out for walks and, if necessary, took them on the bus and subway in New York.
In 1949, Fernando de los Ríos died. Over 50 personalities of politics and culture attended the funeral. José de los Ríos – the younger brother of Fernando and Francisco García Lorca – presided over the dual family. Fernando's wife, mother, and daughter stayed at the house during the funeral, in accordance with Spanish custom at the time.
Return to Spain:
Gloria Giner returned to Spain with her daughter's family in 1965. She died in Madrid on 6 February 1970.[12] She was buried in the Civil Cemetery of Madrid [es], and her husband's remains were reinterred there alongside hers on 28 June 1980.[13]
Teaching methods:
Gloria Giner and her great friend Leonor Serrano Pablo [es] worked together on the teaching of geography in order to connect with students.[14] Giner defended the formative capacity of the plastic arts "as a real basis for the teaching of history in the first years of the formation of the culture of the child". Her 1935 book Cien lecturas históricas became a prominent text for educational reformers inspired by the work of Rafael Altamira.[1]
With Altamira and Maria Montessori as references, they developed didactic methods that, in Serrano's words, revolved around "enthusiastic observation". This consisted of teaching geography in dialogue with the students, strengthening their physical and emotional relationship with the environment. Another component of enthusiastic observation was emotional. Impositions of rote memorization were eliminated. In Giner's words, "the soul was educated and the spirit strengthened".
Serrano and Giner also advocated for the meaningful inclusion of women in the androcentric canon of studies on geography. The Dictionary of the Royal Spanish Academy had, in 1803, included the meaning of the word hombre (man) to refer to all mankind. Taking the term as inclusive of women, they understood that it forced men to relate to nature as women did. Serrano considered that rendering the androcentric references in geography meaningless would foster a "new creative, loving, anti-destructive, and anti-war humanity".[2] In the opinion of professor Ana I. Simón Alegre, this teaching, in the language of the 21st century, could be called the development of environmental education or the first manifestations of ecofeminism.[15]
Giner's last book, Por tierras de España (1962), also incorporated audio-lingual teaching methods.[9]
Works:
Historia de la pedagogía (1910)
Weimer, Hermann 1872-1942 (translation)
Geografía Primer grado. Aspectos de la naturaleza y vida del hombre en la tierra (1919)
Geografía: Primer grado (1919), with Federico Ribas (1890–1952)
Geografía general. El cielo, la Tierra y el hombre (1935)
Cien lecturas históricas (1935)
Lecturas geográficas. Espectáculos de la naturaleza, paisajes, ciudades y hombres (1936)
Romances de los ríos de España (1943)
Manual de historia de la civilización española (1951)
Cumbres de la civilización española: Interpretación del espíritu español individualizado en diecinueve figuras representativas (1955)
El paisaje de Hispanoamérica a través de su literatura: (antología) (1958)
Introducción a la historia de la civilización española (1959)
Por tierras de España (1962), with Luke Nolfi, ISBN 9780030800238
References:
^ a b c Duarte-Piña, Olga (2015). La enseñanza de la historia en la educación secundaria [Teaching of History in Secondary Education] (Thesis) (in Spanish). University of Seville. pp. 105–108. Retrieved 15 July 2019 – via Dialnet.
^ a b Simón Alegre, Ana I.; Sanz Álvarez, Arancha (January–June 2010). "Prácticas y teorías de descubrir paisajes: Viajeras y cultivadoras del estudio de la geografía en España, desde finales del siglo XIX hasta el primer tercio del XX" [Practices and Theories of Discovering Landscapes: Travelers and Cultivators of the Study of Geography in Spain, from the End of the 19th Century to the First Third of the 20th]. Arenal. Revista de historia de las mujeres (in Spanish). 17 (1): 55–79. ISSN 1134-6396. Retrieved 15 July 2019 – via Dialnet.
^ a b c d e f Ruiz-Manjón, Octavio (2007). "Gloria Giner de los Ríos: noticia biográfica de una madrileña" [Gloria Giner de los Ríos: Biographical Report of a Woman from Madrid]. Cuadernos de historia contemporánea (in Spanish) (Extra 1): 265–272. ISSN 0214-400X. Retrieved 15 July 2019 – via Dialnet.
^ Ruiz-Manjón, Octavio (31 May 2007). "Fernando de los Ríos. Un intelectual en el PSOE". El Cultural (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
^ a b "Ríos Urruti, Fernando de los (1879–1949)" (in Spanish). Charles III University of Madrid. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
^ Méndez, José. "Isabel García Lorca". Revista Residencia (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 July 2019.
^ a b Rodrigo, Antonia (1 May 1982). "Laura de los Ríos". Revista Triunfo (in Spanish). No. 19. p. 64. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
^ a b "La niña que tocaba con Falla" [The Girl Who Played With Falla]. Granada Hoy (in Spanish). 8 March 2009. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
^ a b "Local Pair Co-Author Spanish Text". Democrat and Chronicle. 26 December 1962. p. 15. Retrieved 15 July 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
^ García Cueto, Pedro (30 April 2015). "Dos visiones del exilio cultural español: Vicente Llorens y Jordi Gracia" [Two Visions of Spanish Cultural Exile: Vicente Llorens and Jordi Gracia]. Fronterad (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 25 July 2018. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
^ Seseña, Natacha (26 December 1981). "Laura de los Ríos, un duelo de labores y esperanzas" [Laura de los Ríos, a Duel of Labors and Hopes]. El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 July 2019.
^ "Doña Gloria Giner de los Ríos". El Tiempo (in Spanish). 13 February 1970. p. 4. Retrieved 15 July 2019 – via Google News.
^ "Los restos de Fernando de los Ríos recibieron sepultura en el cementerio civil de Madrid" [The Remains of Fernando de los Ríos Buried in the Civil Cemetery of Madrid]. El País (in Spanish). 29 June 1980. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
^ Ortells Roca, Miquel; Artero Broch, Inmaculada (1 December 2013). "¿Para qué sirven las inspectoras? Leonor Serrano: La pedagogía y/contra el poder" [What are Inspectors For? Leonor Serrano: Pedagogy and/Against Power]. Quaderns (in Spanish) (76). Retrieved 15 July 2019.
^ Simón Alegre, Ana I. (1 March 2013). "Los inicios del ecofeminismo en España" [The Beginnings of Ecofeminism in Spain]. El Ecologista (in Spanish) (76). Retrieved 15 July 2019.
Further readingEdit
Fuentes, Víctor (2010). "'Manhattan transfers' personales al trasluz del exilio republicano en Nueva York". In Faber, Sebastiaan (ed.). Contra el olvido: el exilio español en Estados Unidos (in Spanish). Instituto Franklin de Estudios Norteamericanos. pp. 223–241. ISBN 9788481388701.
Zulueta, Carmen (2001). "Los domingos de don Fernando" [Sundays with Don Fernando]. Fundamentos de antropología (in Spanish) (10–11): 130–137.
Candida Gertler & Yana Peel, United Kingdom:
Candida Gertler (born 1966/1967) OBE is a British/German art collector, philanthropist, and former journalist.[2]
Candida Gertler
Born: 1966/1967 (age 52–53)[1]. Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Nationality: British, German
Occupation: Art collector
Net worth: £150 million (2009)
Spouse(s): Zak Gertler
Children: 2
Early life:
She was born in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, to Romanian Jewish immigrant parents.[1] [3] She studied journalism and law.[1]
Career:
In 2003 Gertler and Yana Peel founded the Outset Contemporary Art Fund.[4]
In June 2015, she was given an OBE "for services to Contemporary Visual Arts and Arts Philanthropy".[5]
She is a member of the Tate International Council.[6]
Personal life:
She is married to Zak Gertler.[7] They are Jewish, and have two children.[8]
He has been called "one of London's leading property developers".[7] In 2009, Zak Gertler and family had an estimated net worth of £150 million, down from £250 million in 2008.[9] "The Gertlers developed offices in Germany, moving into the London market in the 1990s."[9]
References:
^ a b c "The Tate's Secret Weapon: Outset". Art Market Monitor. 25 August 2009. Retrieved 12 April 2019.
^ "A missionary for art". Arterritory.com - Baltic, Russian and Scandinaviawn Art Territory. Retrieved 12 April 2019.
^ ""Artfully Dressed: Women in the Art World", Volume IV: Collectors & Patrons". Issuu. Retrieved 12 April 2019.
^ www.arterritory.com/en/art_market/collections/6202-a_miss...
^ "Candida GERTLER". www.thegazette.co.uk. Retrieved 12 April 2019.
^ "Interview with Candida Gertler, OBE". Artkurio Consultancy. Retrieved 12 April 2019.
^ a b "The London Magazine". www.thelondonmagazine.co.uk. Retrieved 12 April 2019.
^ parkeastsynagogue.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Annoucem...
^ a b "Zak Gertler and family". The Sunday Times. 26 April 2009. Retrieved 12 April 2019.
Yana Peel (born June 1974) is a Canadian executive, businesswoman, children's author and philanthropist.[2] She was CEO of the Serpentine Galleries from 2016 to 2019, and was previously a board member.[3][4]
Yana Peel:
Born: Yana Mirkin[1]. June 1974 (age 45). Leningrad, USSR (now Russia)
Nationality: Canadian
Alma mater: McGill University, London School of Economics
Predecessor: Julia Peyton-Jones
Spouse(s): Stephen Peel (m. 1999)
Children: 2
Peel is a co-founder of the Outset Contemporary Art Fund (with Candida Gertler), and Intelligence Squared Asia, and was CEO of Intelligence Squared Group from 2013 to 2016.[5]
Peel has several advisory positions including the Tate International Council, V-A-C Foundation, and the NSPCC therapeutic board.[6][7] She has been an advisor to the British Fashion Council, Asia Art Archive, Lincoln Center, Para Site and the Victoria and Albert Museum, where she founded the design fund.[6][8][9][7]
Early life:
Yana Peel was born in June 1974[10] in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), Russia. Her family emigrated to Canada via Austria in 1978.[3] She grew up in Toronto, Ontario.[11]
Peel studied Russian studies at McGill University during the 1990s. [12][3][1] In 1996,[13] while being a student she co-organised a fashion show for charity.[1][6][14] After that, Peel undertook a post-graduate degree in economics at the London School of Economics.[3][11] Peel was a member of the 2011 class of the World Economic Forum's Young Global Leaders programme.[15]
Career:
Goldman Sachs:
Peel started her career in the equities division of Goldman Sachs in 1997 in London, and became an executive director before leaving in 2003.[16][6][3][2]
Outset Contemporary Art Fund:
Peel co-founded the charity Outset Contemporary Art Fund in 2003 with Candida Gertler.[17][6][11] Peel and Gertler generated a model whereby artists could be presented to potential donors in order to raise funds to purchase their work, or to fund new commissions with a view to donating them to public institutions.[6] The Fund purchased over 100 pieces for the Tate Modern, and commissioned work by artists including Francis Alys, Yael Bartana, Candice Breitz and Steve McQueen.[6][16]
Intelligence Squared:
In 2009, Peel co-founded Intelligence Squared Asia with Amelie Von Wedel, a not-for-profit platform for hosting live debates in Hong Kong.[18][17][19] In 2012 Peel became CEO of Intelligence Squared Group,[18][20] bringing the live events business out of its financial difficulties.[6] Peel has hosted interviews including: Olafur Eliasson and Shirin Neshat at Davos,[21] Ai Wei Wei at the Cambridge Union.[22]
Serpentine Galleries:
In April 2016, Peel was appointed to the role of CEO of the Serpentine Galleries.[23][3] Peel said it was her "mission to create a safe space for unsafe ideas",[2] and to promote a "socially conscious Serpentine".[11] She indicated that she wanted to give artists a greater say in the development of the Serpentine Galleries, in order to give "artists a voice in the biggest global conversations".[11] Peel worked in tandem with the artistic director, Hans Ulrich Obrist.[6]
Peel furthered the Serpentine Galleries' technological ambitions, introducing digital engagement initiatives including Serpentine Mobile Tours[24] and the translation of the exhibition Zaha Hadid: Early Paintings and Drawings into Virtual Reality.[25][26] Peel stated that she was "committed to maintaining and open-source spirit"[27] at the Serpentine Galleries, and that it was her ambition "to inspire the widest audiences with the urgency of art and architecture".[2] The Financial Times noted that Peel "has been able to lure companies such as Google and Bloomberg as partners to help meet the Serpentine's annual £9.5m target".[24]
Peel and Obrist selected both the first African architect to work on a pavilion,[28] and the youngest architect to do so.[29] In 2018, she broadened the global reach of the Serpentine Pavilion programme by announcing the launch of a pavilion in Beijing designed by Sichuan practice, Jiakun Architects.[30]
Together with Lord Richard Rogers and Sir David Adjaye, Peel and Obrist selected Burkina Faso architect Diébédo Francis Kéré to design the 2017 pavilion.[31] The pavilion was awarded the Civic Trust Award in 2018.[32]
The Serpentine selected Mexican architect Frida Escobedo to design the 2018 pavilion. She will be the youngest architect to have participated in the Pavilion programme since it began in 2000.[29]
She stepped down as CEO in June 2019 as a consequence of the attention paid to her co-ownership of NSO Group, an Israeli cyberweapons company whose software has allegedly been used by authoritarian regimes to spy on dissidents.[4]
Philanthropy:
Peel co-chaired Para Site, a not-for-profit contemporary art space in Hong Kong, from 2010 to 2015.[33] She has been involved with the project since 2009.[17]
Peel founded the Victoria and Albert Museum's design fund in 2011.[9] The fund supported the acquisition of contemporary design objects.[9]
Peel is a member of NSPCC's therapeutic board.[7] Inspired by her children, in 2008 Peel produced a series of toddler-friendly art books published by Templar, including: Art For Baby, Color For Baby and Faces For Baby.[34] These books feature works by artists ranging from Damien Hirst to Keith Haring. Proceeds from the sales of the books go towards the NSPCC.[35]
Personal life:
In 1999, Peel married Stephen Peel,[36] a private equity financier.[37] They have two children and live in Bayswater, London.[37][38]
Awards and honours:
Montblanc Award for Arts Patronage 2011[39]
Debrett's 500 List: Art[40]
Evening Standard Progress 1000 2017[41]
ArtLyst Power 100[42]
Harper's Bazaar Women Of The Year 2017[27]
Harper's Bazaar Working Wardrobe: Best dressed women 2018[43]
Henry Crown Fellow. Appointed by the Aspen Institute in 2018.[44]
References:
^ a b c "McGill Reporter - Volume 28 Number 11". reporter-archive.mcgill.ca. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
^ a b c d Bailey, Sarah. "In Conversation: Art and Fashion Are Both About Desire", Red, London, 1 November 2017. Retrieved on 19 February 2018.
^ a b c d e f McElvoy, Anne. "In The Hot Seat", Porter, London, 1 December 2016.
^ a b Greenfield, Patrick (18 June 2019). "Serpentine Galleries chief resigns in spyware firm row". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 18 June 2019 – via www.theguardian.com.
^ Sloway, Diane. "Meet Yana Peel, the Audacious Canadian Who's Transforming London's Famed Serpentine Galleries", W Magazine, 29 November 2016. Retrieved on 19 February 2018.
^ a b c d e f g h i Bourne, Henry. "L’alchimista", La Repubblica, Rome, 8 May 2017. Retrieved on 19 February 2018.
^ a b c "Serpentine Galleries Announce Appointment of Outset’s Yana Peel As CEO", ArtLys
Alva Noto
Book :
Access Kafka
Jüdisches Museum Berlin
2024
Sketch . Franz Kafka
CD + Postcard :
Josef K
Entomology
Domino Recordings
REWIG30
Use Hearing Protection
GMA
Strokar - STROKAR inside with and without Banksy
Un parcours de fresques, des expositions de peinture et photos, des installations artistiques dans un endroit unique en Belgique d'ou vous ne ressortirez pas indifferents, le tout dans un espace magique que beaucoup de bruxellois connaissent deja, l'ancien Delhaize 'Moliere' transforme en temple du graffiti et du street art. Sur des murs grandeur nature comme sur les facades, les artistes s'expriment avec chacun un univers colore et parfaitement inspire.
( Decouvrez la nouvelle plateforme entierement dediee a la culture urbaine ! )
"Nunca he vivido sin religión y no podría vivir sin ella un sólo día, pero he podido pasar toda mi vida sin una iglesia. No soy representante de ninguna doctrina fija y establecida. Soy un hombre de cambios y transformaciones. Nunca he podido ser protestante o católico, partidario de Bach o de Wagner, para mí, la vida y la historia sólo tienen sentido y valor total en la diversidad con que Dios se presenta en inagotables configuraciones"
(Hermann Hesse)
Pointblank from G1 Transformers cartoon series, turns into a futuristic speedster. Transformation doesn't require reassembly of parts.
I am taking inspiration from both his original toy version from the 80s and also some design cues from his cartoon/comic version.
For more photos and writeups of this LEGO creation, do pay a visit to my blog link below ! Thank you!
alanyuppie.blogspot.com/2018/05/lego-former-targetmaster-...
Follow me in FB!
www.facebook.com/alanyuppiebrick/
..and subscribe my youtube channel!
www.youtube.com/user/alanyuppie
...Instagram, anyone?
Arcane transforms into a crane (vehicle) and crane (bird) and robot.
Pay a visit to my blog below for photos and my ramblings /writes of this creation.
¿cómo funcionan estas "máquinas" que transforman la leña en carbón? Una vez cargados, se sellan las puertas (tienen una para la carga y otra, en el lado opuesto, para la descarga) y se empieza a prender por un hueco de unos 50 centímetros. "Después se le da unas diez horas de fuego y, una vez que éste «agarra», se tapa la abertura con barro y el horno comienza a trabajar solo."
Luego de 24 horas, el fuego comienza a bajar a las vizcacheras, 12 pequeñas aberturas ubicadas aproximadamente cada un metro y medio en la parte inferior de las paredes. Estas son indispensables para manejar el quemado. Cuando el fuego cae en la primera se la debe tapar, para que la llama se apague en ese sector y "caiga" en el siguiente. Una por una, estas bocas se van sellando en el sentido de las agujas del reloj, hasta que arde el último tronco. Es ésta la fórmula para guiar el fuego y realizar un quemado parejo. "Cuando ya ardió toda la leña, comienza a salir un humo celeste claro al principio y blanco después, entonces se tapa la boca de la chimenea para ahogar el fuego. Acá no podemos usar agua, porque se estropearía el carbón", explicó Jesús.
Todo ese proceso lleva tres días, y se deberán aguardar otros tres para que el horno se enfríe y se pueda sacar la producción. Apenas se vacíe, volverá a llenarse con leña seca y todo empezará otra vez. "No bien se saca, el carbón se carga en un camión y se despacha, para no correr el riesgo de que una lluvia lo moje."
Charcoal production in Santiago del Estero, still using ancient production methods...
This young Black-crowned night heron is starting to get his/her big-bird plumage. It is already sporting a nice long white feather from the back of it's head. This is most likely a second-year juvenile, based on its plumage.
Sara Pantuliano, Managing Director, Overseas Development Institute, United Kingdom, speaking during the session, Transforming Humanitarian Finance, at the Annual Meeting 2018 of the World Economic Forum in Davos, January 25, 2018. Copyright by World Economic Forum / Ciaran McCrickard
The west side of the North Terrace in Adelaide is transferring at a high rate to high rise. © Henk Graalman 5140
With my gorgeous friend Lorraine.
As ever we had a wonderful evening at the Carrington Hotel in Katoomba.
Great friends, wonderful dance music and over the top hospitality.
Transformal number nine was a great success.
Transform your February into a candy-coated confection with next month's winning theme... SweetHearts!
Description:
Wishing you a sweet Valentine's Day that's filled with love and sugar! ♥
● Do you have an idea for a theme you'd like to see at Collabor88? We'd love to see it!
● If your theme is voted the winner, you'll also receive a day of early access shopping to the event!
The princes and cubs have all been totally deboxed, and are standing next to each other. The princes are a bit unstable free standing, even on a hard flat surface. That is because their feet are small, they are very top heavy and not exactly balanced. So I had to put them on small doll stands.
My first look at the 6 piece Triplets Brave Doll Set. It was released by the Disney Store on Monday May 14, 2012 online and in stores, along with many other Brave merchandise. It's cost is $19.50 US. The set consists of the triplet princes in kilts as 4 1/2'' tall dolls, and the three bear cubs, as 4 3/4'' tall hollow plastic cases for the princes to transform into cubs. The prince dolls have arms and legs that are molded into fixed positions on their bodies; only their heads can move.
First I photographed the set in the unopened box. Then with the dolls taken out of the box, but still attached to the inner cardboard backing, which slides out of the box like a tray. Then I remove the triplets from the backing, and transform the triplet princes to triplet cubs. Finally I pose the triplets in various transformational states with Formal Merida (from the Angus and Merida doll set).
Price - $523.22
Description - Skin texture visually indistinguishable from a real penis
Powerful and hard erection for mind-blowing orgasms
The thin tab fits perfectly into your place, to create maximum comfort and a very realistic look
Ultra-realistic scrotum with movable testicles filled with a special gel
Moveable skin, due to the production technique, we layer different silicones and create an ultra-realistic skin effect
With silicone rod inside the shaft
Length 5.9in (15cm) / Insertable length 4.9in (12.5cm)
Girth 5.12in (13 cm) / Weight 12oz (340g)
They say that size doesn’t matter, and that couldn’t be more true when it comes to our FTM pack and play model - ER02
Silicone softness and device shape are ideal for clitoral stimulation. Gently press it to your partner's body to stimulate clit, labia, or anywhere you please to discover what feels good and enjoy the intense pleasure that can flow through the body.
This pack n play device is perfect for sex, also it is possible to pack with it. Anyway please understand it is not very comfortable to have an erect penis all the time in your pants. But still, if you decide to pack with this model please do not bend the shaft down too much, this model shaft designed to be always erect.
Visit Our Site - ftm.shop/
Not terrible in mobile suit mode, the mobile armor though is a bit rough. Scaled for Mobile Frame Zero: Rapid Attack.
The original docks area of Tampa had fallen into steady dereliction but is now being transformed by wholesale redevelopment. A new yachting marina and boatyard also features the waterside Hula Bay bar and restaurant that is already a popular lunchtime venue.
Took Major's C15, and transformed it into a captured DAK vehicle. Then took his Bofors and chopped it down a bit to fit in the bed of the truck. I have 2 more variants of this truck. :)
Credit to Lego Major for his C15 and his Bofors.
¿Cambian de nombre y se transforman? parece que no.
Estuve averiguando como se llamaban las calles de Santiago a mediados del siglo XX y muchos han cambiado pero la ciudad sigue siendo la misma.
He numerado las calles con su nombre siglo XX y por si no las ubicas he puesto entre qué vías se extiende.
Hubo otras calles cuyos nombres les fueron quitados y fueron a dar a barrios más elegantes.
A fines del siglo XX nos dio un ataque de siutiquería y le volvimos a cambiar su denominación, eso no sale aquí pero si lo quieres comentar bienvenido sea.
LA COMUNA DE SANTIAGO DE MEDIADOS DEL SIGLO XX ERA MAS EXTENSA QUE LA QUE CONOCES HOY. LISTADO SANTIAGONOSTALGICO DE CALLES QUE CAMBIARON DE NOMBRE.
1. Abate Molina (ex-Molina) entre Avenida Bernardo O'Higgins 2602-Antofagasta 2601.
2. Abdón Cifuentes (ex-Bilbao) Avenida Bernardo O'Higgins 2162- Grajales 2171.
3. Adolfo Ibáñez (ex-Ibáñez) Prieto 1501- Rivera 1502.
4. Adolfo Valderrama (ex-Pedro León Ugalde) Venecia 1751.
5. Agua Santa (ex- Juan M. Dávila Baeza) Avenida Centenario 972.
6. Agustín Edwards (ex- José María Bari) Avenida Beaucheff 1775- Club Hípico.
7. Aillavilu (ex-Zañartu) Puente 870-Bandera 578.
8. Alameda Bernardo O'Higgins (ex-Avenida Bernardo O'Higgins) Plaza Baquedano - Camino Las Rejas. Antes fue la Alameda de Las Delicias entre Portugal y la Estación Central. Acuérdate que más allá se llamaba Latorre.
9. Albano, Avenida (ex-General Freire) Patria Vieja 401- Bernardo O'Higgins 402.
10. Alcalde Dávalos (ex-Aurora) Valentín Letelier 12- Cerro San Cristóbal.
11. Alcalde Flórez (ex-Miguel León Prado) Pedro Montt 2501-Padura 2502
12. Almirante Blanco Encalada, Avenida (ex-Avenida Blanco Encalada) San Ignacio 801-Exposición 800.
13. Almirante Latorre (ex-Simón Bolívar) Avenida Bernardo O’Higgins 2102-Grajales 2099.
14. Almirante Riveros (ex-Galvarino Riveros) Vicuña Mackenna 602-Avenida Seminario 575.
15. Alonso de Reinoso (ex-Hipólito Acevedo) Avenida Centenario 1005-P. Vélez Silva.
16. Allende Padín (ex-Adolfo Menadier) Avenida Beaucheff 1711-Club Hípico.
17. Amalia Errázuriz (ex-Caupolicán) O'Higgins 1387- Carrión 1300.
18. Aristóteles (ex-Luz) Eduardo Covarrubias 3546- Arica 3527.
19. Arriero Estay (ex-Abdón Cifuentes) Ruiz Tagle 64-Ramírez 71.
20. Artemio Gutiérrez (ex-San Pedro) Avenida Matta 452- Zanjón de la Aguada.
21. Arzobispo Subercaseaux (ex-Nueva Antofagasta) Antonio Varas 1361-Aravena 1300.
22. Arzobispo Valdivieso, Avenida (ex-Avenida Valdivieso) San Cristóbal-Recoleta 1501.
23. Arzobispo Valenzuela (ex-Valenzuela Basterrica) Bascuñán Guerrero 2199- San Alfonso 2200.
24. Aurelio Díaz Meza (ex-José Miguel Carrera) Chile 201- Bernardo O'Higgins 200.
15. Baldomero Lillo (ex-José Tomás Ovalle) Avenida Independencia 1397.
27. Belisario Prats (ex-Los Castaños) San José-General Saavedra 1002.
28. Bernal del Mercado (ex-Antonio Varas) Avenida Ecuador 3600-Camino a Melipilla.
29. Blanco Cuartín (ex-Oriente) Salas Errázuriz 2962- San Dionisio 2861.
30. Bombero Adolfo Ossa (ex- Adolfo Ossa) Pablo Urzúa 901- Pérez Cotapos.
31. Bombero Núñez (ex-Almagro) Bellavista 171-Domínica 108.
32. Bravo de Naveda (ex-Manuel Zañartu) Urbano Vergara- Abelardo Pizarro.
33. Bravo de Saravia (ex-Manuel A. Matta) Camino Lo Ruiz- Caupolicán.
34. Cabo Arestey (ex-Alberto Blest Gana) Avenida España 53.
35. Caliche (ex-Manzano 2.a Sección) Balmaceda 500-San Cristóbal 502.
36. Camarico (ex-Luis Ramírez Sanz) Avenida Centenario 957.
37. Campino (ex-General Zenteno) Patria Vieja 301-Bernardo O'Higgins 302.
38. Cancha Rayada (ex-San Rafael) Melipilla 1850-San Sebastián.
39. Cañete, Avenida (ex-Av. Prado) Independencia 2750-Fermín Vivaceta 2681.
40. Carlos Sage (ex-Trinidad) Errázuriz 3501-Río Mapocho.
41. Carlos Walker Martínez (ex- Carlos Walker) Avenida Santa María-Bellavista 0301.
42. Cautín (ex-Paz) San Pablo 2351-Presidente Balmaceda 2352.
43. Clentaru (ex-Andacollo) Avenida Brasil 1142-Avenida Ricardo Cummings. Eso Es cerca de Los Buenos Muchachos.
44 Comandante Canales (ex-Huamachuco 1.a Sección), Fermín Vivaceta 302 Matías Ovalle.
45. Concha Castillo (ex-Pablo A. Urzúa) Bascuñán Guerrero 2101- San Alfonso 2102.
46. Concha y Toro (ex-Enrique Concha y Toro) Avenida Bernardo O'Higgins 2131-Erasmo Escala 2150.
47. Conde del Maule (ex-Nogales) Toro Mazotte 52 A.-Amengual 51 A.
48. Coronel Bueras (ex-Bueras) Irene Morales-Estados Unidos.
49. Coronel de la Quintana (ex-Quintana) Zenteno 1902-Rivera 1902.
50. Coronel del Canto (ex-Coronel Bueras) Chile 501-O'Higgins 500.
51. Coronel Godoy (ex-Córdoba) Jorge Meléndez 4202-Sucre 4201.
52. Coronel Souper (ex-Sucre) Ruiz Tagle 201-Amengual 202.
53. Corte Suprema (ex-Martín de Aranda) Vidaurre 1445- Olivares 1446.
54. Cueto (ex-General Korner) Erasmo Escala 2601- Avenida Presidente Balmaceda.
55. Cura Marchant (ex-Enrique Richard) Porvenir 780-Avenida Matta 781.
56. David Arellano (ex-Avenida Correa) Independencia 2602- Avenida Presidente Balmaceda.
57. Dávila Baeza (ex-Dávila) Recoleta 402-Independencia 401.
58. Díaz Ramos (ex-Fuentes) San Cristóbal 501-Vera 500.
59. Diego de Almeyda (ex-Arzobispo Errázuriz) Andrés Bello 939.
60. Diego Portales, Avenida (ex-Portales 1.a Sección) General Korner 202-Avenida Matucana 201.
61. Doce de Febrero, Avenida (ex- Avenida Presidente Bulnes), Avenida Bernardo O'Higgins 1250-Plaza Almagro-Llano Subercaseaux.
62. Doctor Corvalán Melgarejo (ex-Manuel Barros Borgoño) Avenida Bernardo O'Higgins 267.
63. Doctor García Guerrero (ex-Prado) Mapocho 3601-Ramón Barros Luco 3602.
64. Doctor Moore (ex-Manuel Montt 1.a Sección) Al Oeste de Vergara 100.
65. Doctor Ostornol (ex-Doctor Torres Boonen) Avenida El Salto 2002-Avenida Recoleta 2021.
66. Doctor Raimundo Charlín (ex-Balmaceda) Avenida Recoleta 802-Santos Dumont.
67. Duque de Kent (ex-Argentina) La Montaña-Avenida El Salto.
68. Educadora Adela Edwards (ex-Inés de Suárez) Avenida Chile 901-Huanaco 2251.
69. Eistein, Avenida (ex-Avenida Centenario) Camino del Salto- Independencia 2301.
70. El Quijote (ex-M. Salamanca) Sargento Aldea 1470-Ñuble 1431.
71. El Roble (ex-Roble) Avenida El Salto 2402-Huanaco 2401.
72. Espiñeira (ex-Fresia) Molina 1401-San Vicente 1401.
73. Estudiantes (ex-Nueva Lillo) Loreto 351.
74. Eusebio Lillo (ex-Lillo) Río de Janeiro 402-Recoleta 401.
75. Federico Hansen (ex-Jorge Meléndez) Toro Mazotte 19- Córdoba 21.
76. Franciscano Bardesi (ex-Acevedo) Avenida Brasil 1202- Avenida Cumming 1201.
77. Franciscano de Zúñiga (ex-San Sebastián San Juan-San Rafael.
78. Francisco Puelma (ex-Ricardo Matte) Bellavista 0952- Valentín Letelier 951.
79. Francisco Pizarro, Avenida (ex-Avenida Pizarro 2.a Sección) Subercaseaux 2701-San Manuel-San Joaquín 2701.
80. Fray Andresito (ex-Valdivieso) Diez de Julio 48.
81. Fray Luis de la Peña (ex-Lincoyán) Molina 1101-Exposición 1102.
82. Fucsias (ex-Rodolfo Irarrázaval) Avenida Centenario 949.
Gabriel de Avilés (ex-Ernesto Riquelme) Zañartu 1025-Presidente Balmaceda 1030.
83. Gamero (ex-O'Higgins) Avenida Independencia 902- General Bulnes.
85. García de Cáceres (ex-San Rafael) Avenida General Velásquez 651-Toro Mazotte.
86. Garcilaso de la Vega (ex-Arturo Pérez Canto) Placer 630- Ferrocarril de Circunvalación.
87. Gaspar Cabrales (ex-Atahualpa) San Ignacio 570. EL CORNETA DE LA Esmeralda acuérdate.
88. Gaspar de la Barrera (ex-San José) Avenida El Mirador- Melipilla 1502.
89. Gavilán (ex-Coronel Dávila Baeza) Doctor Torres Boonen 471-25 de Mayo.
90. General Aracena (ex-Agustín R. Edwards) Pedro Lagos 1070.
91. General Baquedano (ex-Baquedano) Catedral 2101-Av. Presidente Balmaceda.
92. General Borgoño (ex-Borgoño) Av. Independencia 102- Escanilla.
93. General Bulnes (ex-Bulnes) Avenida Bernardo O'Higgins 2401- Avenida Presidente Balmaceda.
94. General Concha Pedregal (ex-Errázuriz) Colón 1701-O'Higgins 1702.
95. General de la Lastra (ex-Nueva de Lastra) Avenida Recoleta 302-Rengifo 301.
96. General Gana (ex-Concepción) San Luis Cousiño 1902.
97. General García (ex-General Holley) Avenida Bernardo O'Higgins 2202.
98. General González Balcarse (ex-Concepción) Polígono 1900-Beaucheff 1902.
99. General Jarpa (ex-San Gerardo) Lautaro 2950-Tucapel 2951.
100. General Las Heras (ex-Las Heras) San Ignacio 501-502.
101. General Pinto Concha (ex-Pinto Concha) Eduardo Garcés Rojas- Bulnes-Balmaceda.
102. General Prieto (ex-Prieto) Independencia 202-Fermín Vivaceta 51.
103. General Rondizzoni (ex-Rondizzoni) San Ignacio 1801-Avenida Mirador.
104. Germán del Sol (ex-El Arrayán) Brasil 58.
105. Grumete Bustos (ex-Pastor Ovalle) Zenteno 2201-O'Higgins 2202.
106. Guernica (ex-Salas) Amengual 241.
107. Héctor Barreto (ex-Ratinoff) Carmen 751.
108. Hermano Eyraud (ex-Granadillas) 5 de Abril 4302-Javiera Salas.
109. Hermanos Amunátegui (ex-Amunátegui) Avenida Bernardo O'Higgins-Avenida Presidente Balmaceda. La verdad es que le seguimos llamando Amunategui solamente.
110. Hipólito Villegas (ex-San José) Melipilla 2201- Antonio Varas 1752.
111. Huanaco (ex-Santa María) Santa Laura 1387-Avenida Centenario 980.
112. Hugo Donoso (ex-Ignacio Carrera Pinto) Placer 680- Ferrocarril de Circunvalación.
113. Hurtado de Mendoza (ex-Infante) Amunátegui 952-San Martín 951.Habia prostíbulos casa por medio las otras eraN de putas.
114. Ingeniero Birt (ex-Miguel Amunátegui) Andrés Bello 291- Domingo Santa María 290.
115. Ingeniero Obrecht (ex-Avenida Pedro Montt) Arauco 626- Bío-Bío 625.
116. Ingeniero Stuven (ex-Sur 50) Esperanza 50.
117. Intendente Cousiño (ex-Sotomayor Neuhaus) Huérfanos 1460. Es por el hijo de don Benjamín.
118. Irisarri (ex- Manuel Marambio) Fariña 471 Juárez 780.
119. Isabel Riquelme (ex-Pío X) Bellavista 0320.
120. Joaquín Vicuña (ex-Covarrubias) Porvenir 250-Avenida Matta 251.
121. Jofré (ex-Mariscal Alcázar) Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 200-Ramón Carnicer.
122. José Alberto Bravo (calle Nueva) Nataniel 79.
123. José Luis Coo (ex-Bélgica) Avenida Bernardo O'Higgins 3476-M Thompson.
124. José Miguel Carrera, Avenida (ex-Carrera) Avenida Bernardo O'Higgins 2002-Blanco Encala. En algunas publicaciones la he visto como Hermanos Carrera.
125. José Toribio Medina (ex-Doce de Febrero) Avenida Bernardo O'Higgins 2001-Santa Mónica.
126. Juan José Carrera (ex-Carrera) Avenida General Velásquez 701- Toro Mazotte.
127. Juan N. Espejo (ex-Central) Pablo Urzúa 2850-Valenzuela Basterrica.
128. Juan Ramsay (ex-Sucre) Madrid 671 General Urriola 670.
129. La Araucana (ex-San Camilo) Avenida General Velásquez 751- Toro Mazotte 752.
130. La Colonia (ex-Colonia) Chile 701-Robles 700.
131. La Placilla (ex-Placilla) Avenida Ecuador 4312-5 de abril 4301.
132. Las Hiedras (ex-Jiménez Torrejón Pasaje) Agustinas 630.
133. Lincoln (ex-Lautaro) Molina 901-Exposición 900.
134. Lisperguer (ex-Eduardo Covarrubias) San Borja 351-Jotabeche 700.
135. Logroño (ex-Helvecia) Antonio Varas 1800.
136. Longaví (ex-Poniente) Salas Errázuriz 2862-San Dionisio 2861.
137. Los Algarrobos (ex-Alberto Romero) Franklin 1402-Placer 1401.
138. Los Canelos (ex-Ricardo González) San José 3052- Salas Errázuriz 3051.
139. Los Muermos (ex-Ramírez) Avenida Ecuador 3902-Nueva Antofagasta.
140. Los Olivos (ex-Olivos) Avenida Recoleta 602-Avenida Independencia 701.º
141. Los Piñones (ex-El Peumo) Bellavista 1001-Santa María 1002.
142. Los Vecinos (ex-Ibáñez) Loreto 401.
143. Luis Risopatrón (ex-Manuel Silva) Beaucheff 1741-Avenida Club Hípico.
144. Maestra Lidia Torres (ex-Nueva Balmaceda) Cerro San Cristóbal-Manzano 802.
145. Málaga (ex-Granada) Avenida Santa María 1251.
146. Malaquías Concha (ex-San Joaquín) Vicuña Mackenna 650- Eucaliptus 601.
147. Manuel Antonio Matta, Avenida (ex-Matta y Matta Oriente) Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 1101-Avenida Viel 1102-San Eugenio 202-Avenida Ñuñoa 201, fue la avenida de Los Monos.
148. Manuel A. Tocornal (ex-Tocornal 1.a y 2.a Sección) Jofré 450-Coquimbo 451-Santa Elvira 476-Zanjón de la Aguada.
149. Manuel de Amat (ex-Salas Errázuriz) Bascuñán Guerrero 1602-Exposición 1601.
150. Manuel Vásquez (ex-Manuel Vásquez R.) Toro Mazotte 51- Córdoba 52.
151. Maquinista Escobar (ex-Caupolicán) Molina 1001-Exposición 102.
152. Marga-Marga (ex-San Luis) Eucaliptus 530.
153. María Graham (ex-Chorrillos) San Cristóbal-Avenida Recoleta 1401.
154. Marinero Díaz (Ex-Capitán Orella) Bernardo O'Higgins 3452-M. Thomson.
155. Marinero Pedro Aros (ex-Eduardo Edwards) General Velásquez 501- Gandarillas.
156. Marta Arteaga (ex-Marta Arteaga de V.) San Diego 1147- Gálvez 1150.
157. Martínez Quevedo (ex-Nogales) Avenida Recoleta 2350- Centenario 625.
158. Maturana (ex-Fontecilla y Maturana) Avenida Bernardo O'Higgins 2201-Plaza Brasil-Avenida Presidente Balmaceda 2202.
159. Mayor Angulo (ex-Arturo Edwards) Avenida Matta 1552- Marina de Gaete 1551.
160. Méjico, Avenida (ex-Avenida Chile) El Salto 2201-Guanaco 2201.
161. Mercedes Fontecilla (ex-Jaraquemada) Zenteno 2401-Rivera 2402.
162. Miguel León Prado (ex-León Prado) Vicuña Mackenna 1451- Santa Rosa 1450.
163. Mistral (ex-Mercurio) Antonio Varas 1501.
164. Monitor Araucano (ex-Valentín Letelier) Monte Carmelo 39-Aurora.
165. Montecarlo (ex-Monte Carmelo) Bellavista 0602- Cerro San Cristóbal.
166. Naturalista Pavón (ex-Santa Adela) Avenida General Velásquez 801-Toro Mazotte.
167. Nicanor Plaza (ex-Marta) Santa Elena 1565.
168. Nicolás de Gárnica (ex-25 de Mayo) Camino El Salto-Avenida Recoleta 2077.
169. Obispo del Pozo (ex-Santa Ana) Avenida Chile 301-Roble 302.
170. Obispo Edwards (ex-Castro Montt) Domeyko 1970-Blanco Encalada 1975.
171. Orleans (ex-Juana de Arco) Avenida Valdivieso 489.
172. Padre Las Casas (ex-San Diego) Fermín Vivaceta 1202-L Weinstein 351.
173. Padre López (ex-Victoria) Avenida Correa 1301-Prado 1602.
174. Padre Luis de Valdivia (ex-Valdivia) José Victorino Lastarria 201-Cerro 200.antiguo Callejón de Los Patos.
175. Padre Orellana (ex-San Luis de Francia) Avenida Matta 202- Franklin 201.
176. Paredones (ex-Nueva de Ovalle) Colón 2001-O'Higgins 2202.
177. Patria Nueva (ex-San Luis) San Pablo 4101-Santo Domingo 4102.
178. Patronato (ex-Manuel Vásquez) Avenida Santa María 401- Buenos Aires 410.
179. Pedro Antonio González (ex-Atacama) Antonio Varas 1401.
180. Pedro Bannen (ex-San Ramón) General Bustamante-Avenida Seminario 275.
181. Pedro León Ugalde (ex-Washington) Avenida Matta 332-Franklin 312.
182. Pérez Canto (ex-Arturo Pérez Canto) Placer 630-Ferrocarril de Circunvalación.
183. Pérez Freire (ex-Polígono) Avenida Rondizzoni 2002- Concepción 2001.
184. Phillips (ex-Central) Merced 801-Monjitas 870antigua galería San Carlos.
185. Pilcomayo (ex-Ramón Barros Luco) Bascuñán Guerrero 2201- San Alfonso 2202.
186. Piloto Pardo (ex-Edwards) 5 de Abril 3952-Arica 3951.
187. Pintor Cicarelli (ex-Berna) Santa Rosa 2420.
188. Presidente Balmaceda, Avenida (ex-Presidente Balmaceda) Parque Forestal-Matucana-Errázuriz.
189. Presidente Errázuriz Zañartu (ex-Errázuriz) Libertad 1502- Matucana 1501.
190. Presidente Pinto (ex-Pinto) Independencia 400-Matías Ovalle 101.
191. Profesor Zañartu (ex-Panteón) Monserrat 1100- Independencia 1101.
192. Puma (ex-León 1.a y 2.a Sección) Vera 401-Schlak 400-Delfina León Avenida Valdivieso 400.
193. Punta Arenas (ex-Irarrázaval) Bellavista 0630.
194. Purén Indómito (ex-San Jorge) Maule 510-Ñuble 551.
195. Quechereguas (ex-San Rafael) Avenida Portales 2741-Huérfanos 2744.
196. Quidora (ex-Santa Corina) San Alfonso 1241-Conferencia 1250.
197. Rafael Sotomayor (ex-Sotomayor 1.a y 2.a Sección) Avenida Bernardo O'Higgins 2651-Mapocho 2702-Castillo 2701-Yungay 2702.
198. Ramón Subercaseaux (ex-Subercaseaux) Avenida El Mirador- Melipilla 1200.
199. Rapa Nui (ex-Francisco Villagra) Cerro San Cristóbal- Avenida Perú.
200. Raulí (ex-Freire) Santa Victoria 340 - Diez de julio 331.
201. Raza Chilena (ex-Nicolás Palacios) Avenida Hipódromo Chile 1290.
202. Reñaca (ex-Barros Arana) Vicuña Mackenna 19.
203. Rivas Vicuña (ex-Torreblanca) San Pablo 3601 - Mapocho 3602.
204. Rosauro Acuña (ex-San Juan) Sierra Bella 1351- Santiago Concha 1350.
205. Rouget de L'Isle (ex-Rodríguez) Lafayette 1802 Los Castaños 1805.
206. Ruiz de Gamboa (ex-Darío Zañartu) Bellavista 0373 - Avenida Santa María.
207. Salvador Sanfuentes (ex-Manuel Montt 1.a Sección) Simón Bolívar 101 - Exposición 102.
208. San Camilo (ex-Camilo Henríquez 1.a Sección), Rancagua 202 - Avenida Matta 201.
209. Santiaguillo (ex-Valparaíso) Arturo Prat 1201 - Avenida Viel 1202.
210 Sara del Campo (ex - Egaña) Carmen 101 - San Isidro 102.
211. Sepúlveda Leyton (ex-Francisco Huneeus) Bascuñán Guerrero 1702 Exposición 1702.
212. Siria (ex - Mercedes) Plaza Yarur - Bascuñán Guerrero 2062.
213. Tabaré (ex - Montevideo 2.a Sección) Balmaceda 401 - San Cristóbal 402.
214. Temuco (ex - Cornelio 2°. Aravena) Germán Yungue 4100 - Antofagasta.
215. Teniente Bisson (ex - Matías Ovalle) Zenteno 2301 - O'Higgins 2302.
216. Ventura Lavalle (ex - Santa Teresa) Portugal 1201 - Santa Rosa 1176.
217. Veteranos del 79 (ex - Manuel Valenzuela) General Velásquez 1101 - C. 2.° Aravena.
218. Vichuquén (ex - Blanco) Jofré 430 - Tocornal 300.
219. Víctor Cuccuini (ex- Bernardo O'Higgins) El Salto 2505 - Robles 710.
220. Villarrica (ex- Doctor Torres Boonen), Avenida El Salto 2002 - Avenida Recoleta 2021.
221. Violier (ex Rosa Waugh de Violier), Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 145.
222. Virreinato (ex - Rivera Miranda) Vicuña Mackenna 631.
Elvis Aaron Presley[a] (January 8, 1935 – August 16, 1977), often referred to mononymously as Elvis, was an American singer and actor. Dubbed the "King of Rock and Roll", he is regarded as one of the most significant cultural figures of the 20th century. His energized interpretations of songs and sexually provocative performance style, combined with a singularly potent mix of influences across color lines during a transformative era in race relations, led him to both great success and initial controversy.
Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, and relocated to Memphis, Tennessee, with his family when he was 13 years old. His music career began there in 1954, recording at Sun Records with producer Sam Phillips, who wanted to bring the sound of African-American music to a wider audience. Presley, on rhythm acoustic guitar, and accompanied by lead guitarist Scotty Moore and bassist Bill Black, was a pioneer of rockabilly, an uptempo, backbeat-driven fusion of country music and rhythm and blues. In 1955, drummer D. J. Fontana joined to complete the lineup of Presley's classic quartet and RCA Victor acquired his contract in a deal arranged by Colonel Tom Parker, who would manage him for more than two decades. Presley's first RCA Victor single, "Heartbreak Hotel", was released in January 1956 and became a number-one hit in the United States. Within a year, RCA would sell ten million Presley singles. With a series of successful network television appearances and chart-topping records, Presley became the leading figure of the newly popular sound of rock and roll; though his performative style and promotion of the then-marginalized sound of African Americans[6] led to him being widely considered a threat to the moral well-being of the White American youth.
In November 1956, Presley made his film debut in Love Me Tender. Drafted into military service in 1958, Presley relaunched his recording career two years later with some of his most commercially successful work. He held few concerts, however, and guided by Parker, proceeded to devote much of the 1960s to making Hollywood films and soundtrack albums, most of them critically derided. Some of his most famous films included Jailhouse Rock (1957), Blue Hawaii (1961), and Viva Las Vegas (1964). In 1968, following a seven-year break from live performances, he returned to the stage in the acclaimed television comeback special Elvis, which led to an extended Las Vegas concert residency and a string of highly profitable tours. In 1973, Presley gave the first concert by a solo artist to be broadcast around the world, Aloha from Hawaii. Years of prescription drug abuse and unhealthy eating habits severely compromised his health, and he died suddenly in 1977 at his Graceland estate at the age of 42.
Having sold over 400 million records worldwide, Presley is recognized as the best-selling solo music artist of all time by Guinness World Records. He was commercially successful in many genres, including pop, country, rhythm & blues, adult contemporary, and gospel. Presley won three Grammy Awards, received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award at age 36, and has been inducted into multiple music halls of fame. He holds several records, including the most RIAA-certified gold and platinum albums, the most albums charted on the Billboard 200, the most number-one albums by a solo artist on the UK Albums Chart, and the most number-one singles by any act on the UK Singles Chart. In 2018, Presley was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
Elvis Aaron Presley was born on January 8, 1935, in Tupelo, Mississippi, to Vernon Elvis (April 10, 1916 – June 26, 1979) and Gladys Love (née Smith; April 25, 1912 – August 14, 1958) Presley in a two-room shotgun house that his father built for the occasion. Elvis's identical twin brother, Jesse Garon Presley, was delivered 35 minutes before him, stillborn. Presley became close to both parents and formed an especially close bond with his mother. The family attended an Assembly of God church, where he found his initial musical inspiration.
A photo of Elvis's parents at the Historic Blue Moon Museum in Verona, Mississippi
Presley's father Vernon was of German, Scottish and English origins. He was a descendant of the Harrison family of Virginia through his ancestor Tunis Hood. Presley's mother Gladys was Scots-Irish with some French Norman ancestry. His mother and the rest of the family believed that her great-great-grandmother, Morning Dove White, was Cherokee. This belief was restated by Elvis's granddaughter Riley Keough in 2017. Elaine Dundy, in her biography, supports the belief.
Vernon moved from one odd job to the next, showing little ambition. The family often relied on help from neighbors and government food assistance. In 1938, they lost their home after Vernon was found guilty of altering a check written by his landowner and sometime-employer. He was jailed for eight months, while Gladys and Elvis moved in with relatives.
In September 1941, Presley entered first grade at East Tupelo Consolidated, where his teachers regarded him as "average". He was encouraged to enter a singing contest after impressing his schoolteacher with a rendition of Red Foley's country song "Old Shep" during morning prayers. The contest, held at the Mississippi–Alabama Fair and Dairy Show on October 3, 1945, was his first public performance. The ten-year-old Presley stood on a chair to reach the microphone and sang "Old Shep". He recalled placing fifth. A few months later, Presley received his first guitar for his birthday; he had hoped for something else—by different accounts, either a bicycle or a rifle. Over the following year, he received basic guitar lessons from two of his uncles and the new pastor at the family's church. Presley recalled, "I took the guitar, and I watched people, and I learned to play a little bit. But I would never sing in public. I was very shy about it."
In September 1946, Presley entered a new school, Milam, for sixth grade; he was regarded as a loner. The following year, he began bringing his guitar to school on a daily basis. He played and sang during lunchtime and was often teased as a "trashy" kid who played hillbilly music. By then, the family was living in a largely black neighborhood. Presley was a devotee of Mississippi Slim's show on the Tupelo radio station WELO. He was described as "crazy about music" by Slim's younger brother, who was one of Presley's classmates and often took him into the station. Slim supplemented Presley's guitar instruction by demonstrating chord techniques. When his protégé was 12 years old, Slim scheduled him for two on-air performances. Presley was overcome by stage fright the first time, but succeeded in performing the following week.
In November 1948, the family moved to Memphis, Tennessee. After residing for nearly a year in rooming houses, they were granted a two-bedroom apartment in the public housing complex known as the Lauderdale Courts. Enrolled at L. C. Humes High School, Presley received only a C in music in eighth grade. When his music teacher told him that he had no aptitude for singing, he brought in his guitar the next day and sang a recent hit, "Keep Them Cold Icy Fingers Off Me", to prove otherwise. A classmate later recalled that the teacher "agreed that Elvis was right when he said that she didn't appreciate his kind of singing". He was usually too shy to perform openly and was occasionally bullied by classmates who viewed him as a "mama's boy".
In 1950, he began practicing guitar regularly under the tutelage of Lee Denson, a neighbor two and a half years his senior. They and three other boys—including two future rockabilly pioneers, brothers Dorsey and Johnny Burnette—formed a loose musical collective that played frequently around the Courts. That September, he began working as an usher at Loew's State Theater. Other jobs followed at Precision Tool, Loew's again, and MARL Metal Products. Presley also helped Jewish neighbors, the Fruchters, by being their shabbos goy.
During his junior year, Presley began to stand out more among his classmates, largely because of his appearance: he grew his sideburns and styled his hair with rose oil and Vaseline. In his free time, he would head down to Beale Street, the heart of Memphis's thriving blues scene, and gaze longingly at the wild, flashy clothes in the windows of Lansky Brothers. By his senior year, he was wearing those clothes. Overcoming his reticence about performing outside the Lauderdale Courts, he competed in Humes' Annual "Minstrel" show in April 1953. Singing and playing guitar, he opened with "Till I Waltz Again with You", a recent hit for Teresa Brewer. Presley recalled that the performance did much for his reputation: "I wasn't popular in school ... I failed music—only thing I ever failed. And then they entered me in this talent show ... when I came onstage I heard people kind of rumbling and whispering and so forth, 'cause nobody knew I even sang. It was amazing how popular I became in school after that."
Presley, who received no formal music training and could not read music, studied and played by ear. He also frequented record stores that provided jukeboxes and listening booths to customers. He knew all of Hank Snow's songs, and he loved records by other country singers such as Roy Acuff, Ernest Tubb, Ted Daffan, Jimmie Rodgers, Jimmie Davis, and Bob Wills. The Southern gospel singer Jake Hess, one of his favorite performers, was a significant influence on his ballad-singing style. He was a regular audience member at the monthly All-Night Singings downtown, where many of the white gospel groups that performed reflected the influence of African-American spiritual music. He adored the music of black gospel singer Sister Rosetta Tharpe.
Like some of his peers, he may have attended blues venues—of necessity, in the segregated South—only on nights designated for exclusively white audiences. He certainly listened to the regional radio stations, such as WDIA-AM, that played "race records": spirituals, blues, and the modern, backbeat-heavy sound of rhythm and blues. Many of his future recordings were inspired by local African-American musicians such as Arthur Crudup and Rufus Thomas. B.B. King recalled that he had known Presley before he was popular when they both used to frequent Beale Street. By the time he graduated from high school in June 1953, Presley had already singled out music as his future.
Graceland is a mansion on a 13.8-acre (5.6-hectare) estate in Memphis, Tennessee, United States, which was once owned by the rock and roll singer Elvis Presley. His daughter, Lisa Marie Presley, inherited Graceland after his death in 1977. Following Lisa Marie Presley's death in 2023, the mansion is to be inherited by her daughters. In addition to being the final resting place of Elvis Presley himself, the property contains the graves of his parents, paternal grandmother and grandson, and contains a memorial to Presley's stillborn twin brother. In addition, Lisa Marie Presley will be buried there.
Graceland is located at 3764 Elvis Presley Boulevard in the Whitehaven neighborhood, about nine miles (14 kilometers) south of central Memphis and fewer than four miles (6.4 km) north of the Mississippi border.[5] It was opened to the public as a house museum on June 7, 1982. The site was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on November 7, 1991, becoming the first site recognized for significance related to rock music. Graceland was declared a National Historic Landmark on March 27, 2006, also a first for such a site. Graceland attracts more than 650,000 visitors annually.
Graceland Farms was originally owned by Stephen C. Toof, founder of S.C. Toof & Co., the oldest commercial printing firm in Memphis. He worked previously as the pressroom foreman of the Memphis newspaper, the Memphis Daily Appeal. The "grounds" (before the mansion was built in 1939) were named after Toof's daughter, Grace. She inherited the farm/property from her father in 1894. After her death, the property was passed to her niece Ruth Moore, a Memphis socialite. Together with her husband, Thomas Moore, Ruth Moore commissioned construction of a 10,266-square-foot (953.7 m2) Colonial Revival style mansion in 1939. The house was designed by architects Furbringer and Ehrman.
After Elvis Presley began his musical career, he purchased a $40,000 home for himself and his family at 1034 Audubon Drive in Memphis. As his success and fame grew, especially after his appearances on television, the number of fans who would congregate outside the house multiplied. Presley's neighbors, although happy to have a celebrity living nearby, soon concluded that the constant gathering of fans and journalists was a nuisance.
In early 1957, Presley gave his parents, Vernon and Gladys Presley, a budget of $100,000 and asked them to find a "farmhouse"-like property to purchase, with buffer space around it. At the time, Graceland was located in southern Shelby County, several miles south of Memphis' main urban area. In later years, Memphis would expand with residential developments, resulting in Graceland being surrounded by other properties. Presley purchased Graceland on March 19, 1957, for the amount of $102,500.
Later that year, Presley invited Richard Williams and singer Buzz Cason to the house. Cason said: "We proceeded to clown around on the front porch, striking our best rock 'n' roll poses and snapping pictures with the little camera. We peeked in the not-yet-curtained windows and got a kick out of the pastel colored walls in the front rooms with shades of bright reds and purples that Elvis most certainly had picked out." Presley was fond of claiming that the US government had mooted a visit to Graceland by Nikita Khrushchev of the Soviet Union, "to see how in America a fellow can start out with nothing and, you know, make good."
After Gladys died in 1958 aged 46, Presley's father Vernon remarried to Dee Stanley in 1960, and the couple lived at Graceland for a time. There was some discord between Presley and his stepmother Dee at Graceland, however. Elaine Dundy, who wrote about Presley and his mother, said that
"Vernon had settled down with Dee where Gladys had once reigned, while Dee herself – when Elvis was away – had taken over the role of mistress of Graceland so thoroughly as to rearrange the furniture and replace the very curtains that Gladys had approved of." This was too much for the singer, who still loved his late mother deeply. One afternoon, "a van arrived ... and all Dee's household's goods, clothes, 'improvements,' and her own menagerie of pets, were loaded on ... while Vernon, Dee and her three children went by car to a nearby house on Hermitage until they finally settled into a house on Dolan Drive which ran alongside Elvis' estate."
According to Mark Crispin Miller, Graceland became for Presley "the home of the organization that was himself, was tended by a large vague clan of Presleys and deputy Presleys, each squandering the vast gratuities which Elvis used to keep his whole world smiling." The author adds that Presley's father Vernon "had a swimming pool in his bedroom", that there "was a jukebox next to the swimming pool, containing Elvis' favorite records", and that the singer himself "would spend hours in his bedroom, watching his property on a closed-circuit television." According to the singer's cousin, Billy Smith, Presley spent the night at Graceland with Smith and his wife Jo many times: "we were all three there talking for hours about everything in the world! Sometimes he would have a bad dream and come looking for me to talk to, and he would actually fall asleep in our bed with us."
Priscilla Beaulieu lived at Graceland for five years before she and Presley wed in Las Vegas, Nevada, on May 1, 1967. Their daughter Lisa Marie Presley was born on February 1, 1968, and spent the first years of her life on the estate. After her parents divorced in 1972, her mother moved with the girl to California. Every year around Christmas, Lisa Marie Presley and all her family would go to Graceland to celebrate Christmas together. Lisa Marie often returned to Graceland for visits.
When Elvis would tour, staying in hotels, "the rooms would be remodeled in advance of his arrival, so as to make the same configurations of space as he had at home – the Graceland mansion. His furniture would arrive, and he could unwind after his performances in surroundings which were completely familiar and comforting." 'The Jungle Room' was described as being "an example of particularly lurid kitsch."[
On August 16, 1977, Presley died aged 42 at Graceland. The official cause of death was cardiac arrhythmia, although later toxicology reports strongly suggested that polypharmacy was the primary cause of death; "fourteen drugs were found in Elvis' system, with several drugs such as codeine in significant quantities. Presley lay in repose in a 900-pound (410 kg), copper-lined coffin just inside the foyer; more than 3,500 of his mourning fans passed by to pay their respects. A private funeral with 200 mourners was held on August 18, 1977, in the house, with the casket placed in front of the stained glass doorway of the music room. Graceland continued to be occupied by members of the family until the death of Presley's aunt Delta in 1993, who had moved in at Elvis's invitation after her husband's death. Elvis's daughter, Lisa Marie Presley, inherited the estate in 1993 when she turned 25.
Presley's tombstone, along with those of his parents Gladys and Vernon Presley, and his grandmother Minnie Mae Presley, are installed in the Meditation Garden next to the mansion. They can be visited during the mansion tours or for free before the mansion tours begin. A memorial gravestone for Presley's stillborn twin brother, Jesse Garon, is also at the site.
In 2019, the owners of Graceland threatened to leave Memphis unless the city provided tax incentives. The Memphis City Council subsequently voted on a deal to help fund a $100 million expansion of Graceland.
Constructed at the top of a hill and surrounded by rolling pastures and a grove of oak trees, Graceland is designed by the Memphis architectural firm, Furbringer and Erhmanis. It's a two-story, five-bay residence in the Colonial Revival style, with a side-facing gabled roof covered in asphalt shingles, a central two-story projecting pedimented portico, and two one-story wings on the north and south sides. Attached to the wing is an additional one-story stuccoed wing, which was originally a garage that houses up to four cars. The mansion has two chimneys; one on the north side's exterior wall, the second rising through the south side's roof ridge. The central block's front and side facades are veneered with tan Tishomingo limestone from Mississippi and its rear wall is stuccoed, as are the one-story wings. The front facade fenestration on the first floor includes 9x9 double-hung windows set in arched openings with wooden panels above, and 6x6 double-hung windows on the second floor.
Flanked by two marble lions, four stone steps ascend from the driveway to the two-story central projecting pedimented portico. The pediment has dentils and a small, leaded oval window in the center while the portico contains four Corinthian columns with capitals modeled after architect James Stuart's conjectural porticos for the "Tower of the Winds" in Athens, Greece. The portico's cornered columns are matched by pilasters on the front facade. The doorway has a broken arched pediment, full entablature, and engaged columns while its transom and sidelights contain elaborate and colorful stained glass. And above the main entrance is another rectangular window, completed with a shallow iron balcony.
Graceland is 17,552 square feet (1,630.6 m2) and has a total of 23 rooms, including eight bedrooms and bathrooms. To the right of the Entrance Hall, through an elliptical-arched opening with classical details, is the Living Room. The Living Room contains a 15-foot-long (4.6 m) white couch against the wall overlooking the front yard. To the left are two white sofas, a china cabinet and a fireplace with a mirrored wall. The painting that hangs in the room was Elvis' last Christmas present from his father, Vernon, and also displayed are photographs of Elvis' parents Vernon and Gladys, Elvis and Lisa Marie. Behind an adjoined doorway is the Music Room, framed by vivid large peacocks set in stained glass and contains a black baby grand piano and a 1950s style TV. And the third adjacent room is a bedroom that was occupied by Elvis' parents. The walls, carpet, dresser, and queen size bed are bright white with the bed draped in a velvet-looking dark purple bedspread along with an en-suite full bathroom done in pink.
To the left of the Entrance Hall, mirroring the Living Room, is the Dining Room, headlined by a massive crystal chandelier. It features six plush chairs in golden metal frames set around a marble table, all of which are placed on black marble flooring in the center with carpet around the perimeter. Connected to the Dining Room is the Kitchen, which was used by Elvis' aunt Delta until her death in 1993 before it was opened to the public two years later.
The original one-story wing on the north end of the residence includes a mechanical room, bedroom, and bath. In the mid-1960s, Presley enlarged the house to create a den known as the Jungle Room which features an indoor waterfall of cut field stone on the north wall. The room also contains items both related to and imported from the state of Hawaii because, after starring in the tropical film "Blue Hawaii" (1961), the musician wanted to bring some memorabilia from The Aloha State to his mansion, which gives visitors the same feeling. In 1976, the Jungle Room was converted into a recording studio, where he recorded the bulk of his final two albums, From Elvis Presley Boulevard, Memphis, Tennessee (1976) and Moody Blue (1977); these were his final known recordings in a studio setting.[27] During the mid-1960s expansion of the house, Presley constructed a large wing on the south side of the main house that was a sidewalk, between the music room in the original one-story wing and the swimming pool area, that connected to the house by a small enclosed gallery. The new wing initially housed a slot car track and to store his many items of appreciation, but was later remodeled to what is now known as the Trophy Building, which now features an exhibit about the Presley family, and includes Priscilla's wedding dress, Elvis' wedding tuxedo, Lisa Marie's toy chest and baby clothes and more.
The Entrance Hall contains a white staircase leading to the house's second floor with a wall of mirrors. However, the second floor is not open to visitors, out of respect for the Presley family, and partially to avoid any improper focus on the bathroom which was the site of his death. Still, it features Elvis' bedroom at the southwest corner that connects to his dressing room and bathroom in the northwest. His daughter Lisa Marie's bedroom is in the northeast corner, and in the southeast is a bedroom that served as a private personal office for the musician. The floor has been untouched since the day Elvis died and is rarely seen by non-family members.
Downstairs in the basement is the TV room, where Elvis often watched three television sets at once, and was within close reach of a wet bar. The three TV sets are built into the room's south wall and there's a stereo, and cabinets for Elvis' record collection. And painted on the west wall is The King's 1970s logo of a lightning bolt and cloud with the initials TCB, both of which represent 'taking care of business in a flash'. And the last room in the mansion opposite of the TV room is the billiard room; an avid billiards player, Elvis bought the pool table in 1960 and had the walls and ceiling covered with 350–400 yards of pleated cotton fabric after the two basement rooms were remodeled in 1974. The pool balls are arranged just the way they were in the musician's final days along with a strict warning sign to visitors that says "Please Do Not Touch! Thank You!" in capital letters. And in one corner of the pool table, there's a rip in the green felt, which was caused by one of Elvis' friends in a failed attempt of a trick shot.
Critics such as Albert Goldman write: "Though it cost a lot of money to fill up Graceland with the things that appealed to Elvis Presley, nothing in the house is worth a dime." In chapter 1 of his book, Elvis (1981), the author describes Graceland as looking like a brothel: "it appears to have been lifted from some turn-of-the-century bordello down in the French Quarter of New Orleans. Lulu White or the Countess Willie Piazza might have contrived this plushy parlor for the entertainment of Gyp the Blood. The room is a gaudy mélange of red velour and gilded tassels, Louis XV furniture and porcelain bric-a-brac..." And he dismisses the interior as "bizarre," "garish" and "phony," adding that "King Elvis's obsession with royal red reaches an intensity that makes you gag."
In similar terms, Greil Marcus writes that people who visited the inside of Graceland—"people who to a real degree shared Elvis Presley’s class background, and whose lives were formed by his music—have returned with one word to describe what they saw: ‘Tacky.’ Tacky, garish, tasteless—words others translated as white trash."
According to Karal Ann Marling, Graceland is "a Technicolor illusion. The façade is Gone With the Wind all the way. The den in the back is Mogambo with a hint of Blue Hawaii. Living in Graceland was like living on a Hollywood backlot, where patches of tropical scenery alternated with the blackened ruins of antebellum Atlanta. It was like living in a Memphis movie theater... Diehard fans are sometimes disappointed by the formal rooms along the highway side of Graceland. They’re beautiful, in a chilly blue-and-white way, but remote and overarranged." The Jungle Room's "overt bad taste" lets nonbelievers "recoil in horror and imagine themselves a notch or two higher than Elvis on the class scale."
After purchasing the property Presley spent in excess of $500,000 carrying out extensive modifications to suit his needs including a pink Alabama fieldstone wall surrounding the grounds that has several years' worth of graffiti (signatures and messages) from visitors, who simply refer to it as "the wall". Designed and built by Abe Sauer is the wrought-iron front gate shaped like a book of sheet music, along with green colored musical notes and two mirrored silhouettes of Elvis playing his guitar. Sauer also installed a kidney shaped swimming pool and a racquetball court, which is reminiscent of an old country club, furnished in dark leather and a functional bar. There is a sunken sitting area with the ever-present stereo system found throughout Graceland, as well as the dark brown upright piano upon which Elvis played for what were to be his last songs, Willie Nelson's "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain" and "Unchained Melody".
However, reports conflict about which one was the last song. The sitting area has a floor-to-ceiling shatterproof window designed to watch the many racquetball games that took place there when Elvis was alive. In the early hours of the morning on which Elvis died, he played a game of racquetball with his girlfriend Ginger Alden, his first cousin Billy Smith and Billy's wife Jo before ending the game with the song on the piano before walking into the main house to wash his hair and go to bed. Today the two story court has been restored to the way it was when Elvis used the building.
Elsewhere on the estate is a small white building that served as an office for Vernon, along with an old smokehouse that housed a shooting range and a fully functional stable of horses.
One of Presley's better known modifications was the addition of the Meditation Garden, designed and built by architect Bernard Grenadier. It was used by the musician to reflect on any problems or situations that arose during his life. It is also where his entire family is buried: himself (1935–1977), his parents Gladys (1912–1958) and Vernon (1916–1979), and grandmother Minnie Mae Hood (1890–1980) while a small stone memorializes his twin brother Jesse Garon, who died at birth thirty minutes before Elvis was born on January 8, 1935. In late 2020, Lisa Marie's son Benjamin Keough was laid to rest on the opposite end of the Meditation Garden after his death from suicide in July of that year. Lisa Marie Presley died from sudden cardiac arrest in January 2023 and is buried next to her son.
After Elvis Presley's death in 1977, Vernon Presley served as executor of his estate. Upon his death in 1979, he chose Priscilla to serve as the estate executor for Elvis's only child, Lisa Marie, who was only 11. Graceland itself cost $500,000 a year in upkeep, and expenses had dwindled Elvis's and Priscilla's daughter Lisa Marie's inheritance to only $1 million. Taxes were due on the property; those and other expenses due came to over $500,000. Faced with having to sell Graceland, Priscilla examined other famous houses/museums, and hired a CEO, Jack Soden, to turn Graceland into a moneymaker. Graceland was opened to the public on June 7, 1982. Priscilla's gamble paid off; after only a month of opening Graceland's doors the estate made back all the money it had invested. Priscilla Presley became the chairwoman and president of Elvis Presley Enterprises, or EPE, stating at that time she would do so until Lisa Marie reached 21 years of age. The enterprise's fortunes soared and eventually the trust grew to be worth over $100 million.
An annual procession through the estate and past Elvis's grave is held on the anniversary of his death. Known as Elvis Week, it includes a full schedule of speakers and events, including the only Elvis Mass at St. Paul's Church, the highlight for many Elvis fans of all faiths. The 20th Anniversary in 1997 had several hundred media groups from around the world that were present resulting in the event gaining its greatest media publicity.
One of the largest gatherings assembled on the 25th anniversary in 2002 with one estimate of 40,000 people in attendance, despite the heavy rain. On the 38th anniversary of Elvis's death, an estimated 30,000 people attended the Candlelight Vigil during the night of August 15–16, 2015. On the 40th anniversary of Elvis's death, on August 15–16, 2017, at least 50,000 fans were expected to attend the Candlelight Vigil. No official figure seems to have been released, maybe because, for the first time, attendees had to pay at least the lowest tour fare, $28.75, to cover the extra security costs due to a larger than usual crowd.
For many of the hundreds of thousands of people who visit Graceland each year, the visit takes on a quasi-religious perspective. They may plan for years to journey to the home of the 'King' of rock and roll. On site, headphones narrate the salient events of Elvis's life and introduce the relics that adorn the rooms and corridors. The rhetorical mode is hagiographic, celebrating the life of an extraordinary man, emphasizing his generosity, his kindness and good fellowship, how he was at once a poor boy who made good, an extraordinary musical talent, a sinner and substance abuser, and a religious man devoted to the Gospel and its music. At the meditation garden, containing Elvis's grave, some visitors pray, kneel, or quietly sing one of Elvis's favorite hymns. The brick wall that encloses the mansion's grounds is covered with graffiti that express an admiration for Presley as well as petitions for help and thanks for favors granted.
The Graceland grounds include a new exhibit complex, Elvis Presley's Memphis, which includes a new car museum, Presley Motors, which houses Elvis's Pink Cadillac. The complex features new exhibits and museums, as well as a studio for Sirius Satellite Radio's all-Elvis Presley channel. The service's subscribers all over North America can hear Presley's music from Graceland around the clock. Not far away on display are his two aircraft including Lisa Marie (a Convair 880 jetliner) and Hound Dog II (a Lockheed JetStar business jet). The jets are owned by Graceland and are on permanent static display.
In early August 2005, Lisa Marie Presley sold 85% of the business side of her father's estate. She kept the Graceland property itself, as well as the bulk of the possessions found therein, and she turned over the management of Graceland to CKX, Inc., an entertainment company (on whose board of directors Priscilla Presley sat) that also owns 19 Entertainment, creator of the American Idol TV show.
Graceland Holdings LLC, led by managing partner Joel Weinshanker, is the majority owner of EPE. Lisa Marie Presley's estate retains a 15% ownership in the company.
In August 2018, Gladys Presley's headstone, which contained the Jewish star of David on one side and a cross on the other and was designed by Elvis himself, which become publicly displayed when it placed in Graceland's Mediation Garden after being stored for many years in the Graceland Archive.
Lisa Marie Presley's estate, which is being held in trust for her daughters Riley Keough and Harper and Finley Lockwood, retain 100% sole personal ownership of Graceland Mansion itself and its over 13-acre original grounds as well as Elvis Presley's personal effects – including costumes, wardrobe, awards, furniture, cars, etc. Prior to her death in 2023, Lisa Marie Presley had made the mansion property and her father's personal effects permanently available for tours of Graceland and for use in all of EPE's operations.
According to Elvis Presley's Enterprises, staff at Graceland informally kept a list of celebrities who had visited in the first years following Elvis's death. This practice was not formalized for a decade. Muhammad Ali was an early celebrity visitor in 1978, as was singer Paul Simon. He toured Graceland in the early 80s and afterward wrote a song of the same name; it was the title track of his Grammy-winning album Graceland.
During the Joshua Tree Tour in 1987, U2 toured Graceland. The footage was filmed for the film Rattle & Hum. During the visit, drummer, Larry Mullen Jr., sat on Elvis Presley's motorcycle -- against the rules for Graceland visitors.
On June 30, 2006, then US President George W. Bush hosted Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi for a tour of the mansion. It was one of the few private residences on United States soil to have been the site of an official joint-visit by a sitting US president and a serving head of a foreign government. On August 6, 2010, Prince Albert II, Head of State of the Principality of Monaco, and his fiancée (now Princess of Monaco) Charlene Wittstock, toured Graceland while vacationing in the US. On May 26, 2013, Paul McCartney of The Beatles visited Graceland. Prince William and Prince Harry, while in Memphis for a friend's wedding, visited Graceland on May 2, 2014.
The home has also been visited by former US President Jimmy Carter; the late Duchess of Devonshire, the sitting ambassadors of India, France, China, Korea and Israel to the United States; as well as several US governors, members of the US Congress, and at least two Nobel Prize winners, namely singer-songwriter Bob Dylan, a Literature Prize laureate, and the former President of Costa Rica, Oscar Arias, a Peace Prize honoree, who visited it on October 10, 2001.
In May 2016, Graceland welcomed a newlywed couple as its 20 millionth visitor.
In June 2022, actors Austin Butler and Tom Hanks visited the mansion and were interviewed virtually by the Good Morning America news program from the Jungle Room to talk about their biographical film Elvis.
In popular culture
Paul Simon named an album Graceland, as well as its title track. The song won the Grammy Award for Record of the Year in 1987.
The song "Walking in Memphis" by Marc Cohn mentions Graceland; in the second verse, he refers to the mansion and the Jungle Room. This song was later covered by Cher and Lonestar, among others.
The film 3000 Miles to Graceland is about a group of criminals who plan to rob a casino during an international Elvis week, disguised as Elvis impersonators. No scenes take place at or near the estate.
The film Finding Graceland stars Harvey Keitel with Johnathon Schaech. Keitel is an impersonator who claims to be the real Elvis after Schaech picks him up as a hitch-hiker.
In the rock music "mockumentary" This Is Spinal Tap, band members gather around Presley's grave at Graceland and attempt to sing a verse of "Heartbreak Hotel".
Pop punk group Groovie Ghoulies have a song called "Graceland" on their 1997 album Re-Animation Festival.
In the movie Zombieland: Double Tap, the protagonists venture to Graceland in hopes of shelter during a zombie apocalypse, but are distressed to find it in a ruined state.
During the credits of Lilo & Stitch, there's a photograph of Lilo, Nani, David and Stitch visiting the front gates of Graceland. Almost 20 years later, the original painting of that shot was put on display as part of the traveling Walt Disney Archives exhibition at Graceland.
In the season three episode of American Dad “The Vacation Goo”, Steve Smith asks Stan Smith if they can go to Graceland for their next vacation and Stan says “Steve, if you want to pay your respects to a fat man who died on the toilet, we can visit your Aunt Mary’s grave.”
Phoebe Bridgers has a song "Graceland Too" on her second studio album Punisher.
In the third episode of National Treasure: Edge of History, "Graceland Gambit," the main protagonist, Jess (portrayed by Lisette Olivera) is on a treasure hunt that leads her and her friends to Graceland.
Florence + The Machine reference Graceland and Elvis in their song "Morning Elvis" on their 2022 album Dance Fever.