View allAll Photos Tagged TextileMachinery
842
This spinning mule came from James Ive's Mill Yeadon Leeds.It closed in 1980 after 132 years of making cloth. It was made in Oldham Lancashire in 1904 by Platt Brothers. Multiple-spindle spinning machine invented by Samuel Crompton (1779), which permitted large-scale manufacture of high-quality thread for the textile industry.
Taken at the Armley Industrial Museum Leeds West Yorkshire.
Platt Brothers of Oldham was one of the world's biggest names in the manufacturing of textile machinery and, given the competition, that was quite an achievement. Based primarily in Oldham, at one time one of the great centres of cotton spinning amongst the belt of towns around Manchester in south east Lancashire they had their origins as far back as 1770. By the time of WW1 they employed over 15,000 workers but as the UK textile industries declined, and despite selling machines and equipment abroad, so the company shrank over time.
To help manage this, especially in the Great Depression, several machine manufacturing companies amalgamated as Textile Machinery Makers Ltd and Platt's took a controlling interest. The various companies continued to market machinery under their own name as can be seen here; they include other well known names such as Dobson & Barlow of Bolton. In 1946 a seperate sales concern was spun off and it was this arm of the company that issued this brochure. It was to market improved techniques in combing and drafting raw cotton fibres that improved productivity and output and older machines could be converted. Sadly, in many cases, UK producers found investment difficult and many soldiered on with incresingly outdated machinery further widening the gap between modernised producers and overseas competitors.
Issued in 1954 the brochure has quite a contemporary feel to the cover - the rear panel is a little 'older' and makes much use of the red rose of the County of Lancashire, base of the various companies involved. A variety of typefaces and lettering is used. My thanks to BritishLetterPress for passing this brochure over.
A visit to Sir Richard Arkwright's Masson Mills Working Textile Museum, near Matlock Bath in Derbyshire.
Masson Mills is part of the Derwent Valley World Heritage Site.
This mill was built in 1783.
A Grade II* listed building.
Weaving Shed and Dispatch
Looms - Yorkshire & Lancashire in action!
Yorkshire loom in Weaving Shed
These Yorkshire looms date back around 130 years. By fitting cams to the drive shaft, and with the aid of tappets to control the healds, it is possible to produce various patterns of weave. For example using five healds give a weave similar to denim where the warp appears to be going diagonally across the material.
The Yorkshire loom only has one shuttle, so the cloth produced is either plain or multicoloured stripes can be produced by winding various coloured cottons onto the beam at the back of the loom.
Yorkshire looms have a warp width of approximately 36-48 inches, holding approximately 1,200 “ends” or threads. The shuttle travels across the “shed” (from left to right and back again) at about 60 miles per hour. A full shuttle has enough thread on the pirn to complete about 7 minutes of weaving and will produce around 13 inches of cloth.
Lancashire loom in Weaving Shed
This Lancashire loom was made by Harling and Todd of Burnley and was bought second-hand in 1867! thus making it one of the earliest power looms in existence. It was an enormous improvement over the hand loom. In its heyday Lancashire had over 20,000,000 looms and many weaving sheds had more than 2,000 looms.
The Lancashire loom is similar in its production capabilities to the Yorkshire loom and this particular one is still giving good service and producing excellent cloth nearly 150 years after it was made.
As seen during the demonstration. This was the first machine the guide turned on!
HD video clip - it was very noisy!
Platt Brothers were one of the, if not the greatest, name in the manufacture of textile machinery (although as a Rochdale lad I'd have to mention Tweedale & Smalley!). Founded in Oldham in 1770 the company grew so that at one time they employed 12,000 workers and the Hartford Works in Werneth was a small empire in its own right. The name continues although, alongside the collapse in the UK textile production business, Platts (merged into Platt-Saco-Lowell in 1982) the Oldham works closed in c1982 marking the end of an industrial era. This magazine shows Rayon materials produced by one of Platts customers the Manchester based concern of Tootal, Broadhurst, Lee & Co Ltd, another great name in the textile industry.
A visit to Sir Richard Arkwright's Masson Mills Working Textile Museum, near Matlock Bath in Derbyshire.
Masson Mills is part of the Derwent Valley World Heritage Site.
This mill was built in 1783.
A Grade II* listed building.
Spinning and Carding
After the Scutcher, the cotton passes throught the Breaker Card which opens the fibres and forms them into a soft, untwisted rope known as a “sliver”.
Different machine to the one in the above description, but it probably does the same thing!
3rd machine turned on during the demonstration!
HD video clip
A visit to Sir Richard Arkwright's Masson Mills Working Textile Museum, near Matlock Bath in Derbyshire.
Masson Mills is part of the Derwent Valley World Heritage Site.
This mill was built in 1783.
A Grade II* listed building.
Spinning and Carding
This pair of mules was used for the spinning of cotton condenser yarns from cotton comber waste – a by-product of the spinning of fine cotton yarns. They worked at Field Mill in Ramsbottom, Lancahsire until 1988 and were the last working mules in the cotton industry anywhere in the world.
They were built by Asa Lees and Co. of Oldham, Lancashire in 1907 and were installed second-hand at Field Mill in around 1915. Work is still in progress to restore both mules in the pair.
Shown during the demonstration. Don't think this one was turned on!
A visit to Sir Richard Arkwright's Masson Mills Working Textile Museum, near Matlock Bath in Derbyshire.
Masson Mills is part of the Derwent Valley World Heritage Site.
This mill was built in 1783.
A Grade II* listed building.
Textile machinery in the Doubling Room.
Original Masson Mill ring-spinning frames
This ring-spinning machine was manufactured by Prince -Smith and Sells Ltd, Keighley, West Yorkshire in 1953 is also original to Masson Mills.
A visit to Sir Richard Arkwright's Masson Mills Working Textile Museum, near Matlock Bath in Derbyshire.
Masson Mills is part of the Derwent Valley World Heritage Site.
This mill was built in 1783.
A Grade II* listed building.
Weaving Shed and Dispatch
This Saurer loom dates from the 1970’s or 80’s and can weave complex patterns very quickly due to the number of shuttles it can hold and the automatic shuttle re-loading mechanism.
As seen during the demonstration. The 2nd machine that was turned on for us!
The Jacquard looms couldn't be turned on, so the guy turned this one on instead! It has more advanced card patterns than the older machine!
HD video clip of this loom,
A visit to Sir Richard Arkwright's Masson Mills Working Textile Museum, near Matlock Bath in Derbyshire.
Masson Mills is part of the Derwent Valley World Heritage Site.
This mill was built in 1783.
A Grade II* listed building.
Weaving Shed and Dispatch
Looms - Yorkshire & Lancashire in action!
Yorkshire loom in Weaving Shed
These Yorkshire looms date back around 130 years. By fitting cams to the drive shaft, and with the aid of tappets to control the healds, it is possible to produce various patterns of weave. For example using five healds give a weave similar to denim where the warp appears to be going diagonally across the material.
The Yorkshire loom only has one shuttle, so the cloth produced is either plain or multicoloured stripes can be produced by winding various coloured cottons onto the beam at the back of the loom.
Yorkshire looms have a warp width of approximately 36-48 inches, holding approximately 1,200 “ends” or threads. The shuttle travels across the “shed” (from left to right and back again) at about 60 miles per hour. A full shuttle has enough thread on the pirn to complete about 7 minutes of weaving and will produce around 13 inches of cloth.
Lancashire loom in Weaving Shed
This Lancashire loom was made by Harling and Todd of Burnley and was bought second-hand in 1867! thus making it one of the earliest power looms in existence. It was an enormous improvement over the hand loom. In its heyday Lancashire had over 20,000,000 looms and many weaving sheds had more than 2,000 looms.
The Lancashire loom is similar in its production capabilities to the Yorkshire loom and this particular one is still giving good service and producing excellent cloth nearly 150 years after it was made.
As seen during the demonstration. This was the first machine the guide turned on!
A visit to Sir Richard Arkwright's Masson Mills Working Textile Museum, near Matlock Bath in Derbyshire.
Masson Mills is part of the Derwent Valley World Heritage Site.
This mill was built in 1783.
A Grade II* listed building.
Weaving Shed and Dispatch
Looms - Yorkshire, Lancashire and Jacquard.
Yorkshire loom in Weaving Shed
These Yorkshire looms date back around 130 years. By fitting cams to the drive shaft, and with the aid of tappets to control the healds, it is possible to produce various patterns of weave. For example using five healds give a weave similar to denim where the warp appears to be going diagonally across the material.
The Yorkshire loom only has one shuttle, so the cloth produced is either plain or multicoloured stripes can be produced by winding various coloured cottons onto the beam at the back of the loom.
Yorkshire looms have a warp width of approximately 36-48 inches, holding approximately 1,200 “ends” or threads. The shuttle travels across the “shed” (from left to right and back again) at about 60 miles per hour. A full shuttle has enough thread on the pirn to complete about 7 minutes of weaving and will produce around 13 inches of cloth.
Lancashire loom in Weaving Shed
This Lancashire loom was made by Harling and Todd of Burnley and was bought second-hand in 1867! thus making it one of the earliest power looms in existence. It was an enormous improvement over the hand loom. In its heyday Lancashire had over 20,000,000 looms and many weaving sheds had more than 2,000 looms.
The Lancashire loom is similar in its production capabilities to the Yorkshire loom and this particular one is still giving good service and producing excellent cloth nearly 150 years after it was made.
Jacquard looms represent a further development in weaving techniques. These Jacquard looms were made by George Hattersley & Sons, Keighley, West Yorkshire, in the 1920’s.
They have a magazine of 6 shuttles thus enabling them to weave very complex patterns when combined with the Jacquard mechanism situated above the loom.
A visit to Sir Richard Arkwright's Masson Mills Working Textile Museum, near Matlock Bath in Derbyshire.
Masson Mills is part of the Derwent Valley World Heritage Site.
This mill was built in 1783.
A Grade II* listed building.
Textile machinery in the Doubling Room.
Original Masson Mill doubling frame
This cotton doubling machine was manufactured by Prince-Smith and Sells Ltd, Keighley, West Yorkshire in 1954 and is original to Masson Mills.
In a similar way to Arkwright’s waterframes which once filled all the floors of Masson Mill, the doubling frame combines the processes of drawing the cotton yarn and twisting it to give it strength. In the case of the doubling frame, two strands of thread are twisted together to give a double thickness to the final yarn.
The cotton yarn is taken off spools at the top of the machine, passed through rollers and twisted by means of a flyer onto spools or bobbins at the bottom.
A visit to Sir Richard Arkwright's Masson Mills Working Textile Museum, near Matlock Bath in Derbyshire.
Masson Mills is part of the Derwent Valley World Heritage Site.
This mill was built in 1783.
A Grade II* listed building.
Weaving Shed and Dispatch
This Saurer loom dates from the 1970’s or 80’s and can weave complex patterns very quickly due to the number of shuttles it can hold and the automatic shuttle re-loading mechanism.
As seen during the demonstration. The 2nd machine that was turned on for us!
The Jacquard looms couldn't be turned on, so the guy turned this one on instead! It has more advanced card patterns than the older machine!
A visit to Sir Richard Arkwright's Masson Mills Working Textile Museum, near Matlock Bath in Derbyshire.
Masson Mills is part of the Derwent Valley World Heritage Site.
This mill was built in 1783.
A Grade II* listed building.
Mechanics' Shop - was a bit rushed here, as I had to go over and watch the demonstration in the Weaving Shed at the other end of the museum!
Typical late 19th century “Pillar Drill”, so called because it represented a column or pillar. As is all the machinery in the Mechanics’ Shop, the pillar drill is belt-driven.
A visit to Sir Richard Arkwright's Masson Mills Working Textile Museum, near Matlock Bath in Derbyshire.
Masson Mills is part of the Derwent Valley World Heritage Site.
This mill was built in 1783.
A Grade II* listed building.
Textile machinery in the Doubling Room.
This rope/braiding machine was kindly loaned to the museum by Mr. S. Coates of W. Coates & Sons, Nottingham. The machine is over 100 years old and came originally from Martock in Somerset. It can make cord of varying thickness using different materials, but here at Masson it is using jute for making rope.
A visit to Sir Richard Arkwright's Masson Mills Working Textile Museum, near Matlock Bath in Derbyshire.
Masson Mills is part of the Derwent Valley World Heritage Site.
This mill was built in 1783.
A Grade II* listed building.
Spinning and Carding
You wouldn’t want to fall into this machine at the end of a hard day at the mill!
“The Devil” was well-named. It was a machine which opened and broke up the raw bales of cotton using large rotating spikes and accidents occurred all too often. There are gruesome reports of millworkers falling into the working parts; the consequences of which were usually either fatal or resulted in the loss of limbs.
The Scutcher continues the opening and cleaning process of the cotton fibres started by the Devil.
A visit to Sir Richard Arkwright's Masson Mills Working Textile Museum, near Matlock Bath in Derbyshire.
Masson Mills is part of the Derwent Valley World Heritage Site.
This mill was built in 1783.
A Grade II* listed building.
Weaving Shed and Dispatch
Looms - Jacquard and Saurer.
Jacquard looms represent a further development in weaving techniques. These Jacquard looms were made by George Hattersley & Sons, Keighley, West Yorkshire, in the 1920’s.
They have a magazine of 6 shuttles thus enabling them to weave very complex patterns when combined with the Jacquard mechanism situated above the loom.
This Saurer loom dates from the 1970’s or 80’s and can weave complex patterns very quickly due to the number of shuttles it can hold and the automatic shuttle re-loading mechanism.
A visit to Sir Richard Arkwright's Masson Mills Working Textile Museum, near Matlock Bath in Derbyshire.
Masson Mills is part of the Derwent Valley World Heritage Site.
This mill was built in 1783.
A Grade II* listed building.
Textile machinery in the Doubling Room.
This rope/braiding machine was kindly loaned to the museum by Mr. S. Coates of W. Coates & Sons, Nottingham. The machine is over 100 years old and came originally from Martock in Somerset. It can make cord of varying thickness using different materials, but here at Masson it is using jute for making rope.
Howard & Bullough Ltd (H&B) was a textile machinery manufacturer established in 1853 at the Globe Works in Accrington, Lancashire. The company was renowned for its innovation and quality of the machinery it manufactured, at its peak exporting some 75% of its machinery worldwide. Throughout its 140 year history, they remained Accrington’s largest employer having about 6,000 workers at its peak during the 1920’s and 1930’s (that's close to 15% of the town's population). From the 1970’s, the company went into decline and changed ownership a number of times before finally closing in 1993.
The initials TMM stands for Textile Machinery Manufacturers.
.
References:
www.hyndburnheritage.co.uk/industry/howard-and-bullough/ (Brief history of Howard & Bullough Ltd of Accrington).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_%26_Bullough
www.hyndburnbc.gov.uk/site/scripts/documents_info.php?doc... (The Globe Works in Accrington, 1853-1993).
oneguyfrombarlick.co.uk/viewtopic.php?f=359&t=6890 (About the Bullough family, 1837-1939).
www.panoramio.com/photo/1909125 (Howard & Bullough Ltd buildings as they are today).
www.isleofrum.com/isleofrumheritag.php (George Bullough and Kinloch Castle on the Isle of Rum).
.
Enamels: 2 (red & black).
Finish: Gilt.
Material: Brass.
Fixer: Pin.
Size: 1 1/8” x 1 ¼” (28mm x 31mm).
Process: Die stamped.
Imprint: B’HAM MEDAL & BADGE CO LTD
www.wsf-tex.com/product/wsf618a-01-precision-winder.html
WSF618A-01 Hank Precise Winder is especially used in hank dyeing. This yarn hank winder is applied for rewinding 50D-600D elastic hank yarns. You can get pineapple shape by this hank precision winder to supply for using in warp and weft, knitting and etc. This yarn hank winder contains length counter, full bobbin auto-stop, yarn break auto-stop. If the bobbin is full or yarn is broken, the motor on the yarn hank winder will stop to protect the yarns. Also there is spindle speed automatic adjustment, overfeed speed adjustment, slow start, and constant winding speed installed on this hank precision winder to ensure the accuracy of the package. This hank precision winder is advance winding equipment for high stretch yarn.
Also this yarn hank winder is totally a customized winding machine. As a winder supplier, we offer the best service for our clients. We will try our best to improve our hank precision winder to meet your requests. You can have more details about our winding machine for sale by telephone +86-575-86333306 or email sales@wsftex.com.
This house was built for Thomas Meek, A textile machinery salesman, in 1879. One of the few relatively stylish victorian houses in the town of Douglas Massachusetts, it was still owned by a member of his family as of 1989.
A visit to Sir Richard Arkwright's Masson Mills Working Textile Museum, near Matlock Bath in Derbyshire.
Masson Mills is part of the Derwent Valley World Heritage Site.
This mill was built in 1783.
A Grade II* listed building.
Spinning and Carding - up the ramp to the next section.
Mechanics' Shop - was a bit rushed here, as I had to go over and watch the demonstration in the Weaving Shed at the other end of the museum!
A visit to Sir Richard Arkwright's Masson Mills Working Textile Museum, near Matlock Bath in Derbyshire.
Masson Mills is part of the Derwent Valley World Heritage Site.
This mill was built in 1783.
A Grade II* listed building.
Mechanics' Shop - was a bit rushed here, as I had to go over and watch the demonstration in the Weaving Shed at the other end of the museum!
A visit to Sir Richard Arkwright's Masson Mills Working Textile Museum, near Matlock Bath in Derbyshire.
Masson Mills is part of the Derwent Valley World Heritage Site.
This mill was built in 1783.
A Grade II* listed building.
Spinning and Carding
This pair of mules was used for the spinning of cotton condenser yarns from cotton comber waste – a by-product of the spinning of fine cotton yarns. They worked at Field Mill in Ramsbottom, Lancahsire until 1988 and were the last working mules in the cotton industry anywhere in the world.
They were built by Asa Lees and Co. of Oldham, Lancashire in 1907 and were installed second-hand at Field Mill in around 1915. Work is still in progress to restore both mules in the pair.
A visit to Sir Richard Arkwright's Masson Mills Working Textile Museum, near Matlock Bath in Derbyshire.
Masson Mills is part of the Derwent Valley World Heritage Site.
This mill was built in 1783.
A Grade II* listed building.
Mechanics' Shop - was a bit rushed here, as I had to go over and watch the demonstration in the Weaving Shed at the other end of the museum!
A visit to Sir Richard Arkwright's Masson Mills Working Textile Museum, near Matlock Bath in Derbyshire.
Masson Mills is part of the Derwent Valley World Heritage Site.
This mill was built in 1783.
A Grade II* listed building.
Spinning and Carding - view of the next section,
Mechanics' Shop - was a bit rushed here, as I had to go over and watch the demonstration in the Weaving Shed at the other end of the museum!
A visit to Sir Richard Arkwright's Masson Mills Working Textile Museum, near Matlock Bath in Derbyshire.
Masson Mills is part of the Derwent Valley World Heritage Site.
This mill was built in 1783.
A Grade II* listed building.
Mechanics' Shop - was a bit rushed here, as I had to go over and watch the demonstration in the Weaving Shed at the other end of the museum!
A visit to Sir Richard Arkwright's Masson Mills Working Textile Museum, near Matlock Bath in Derbyshire.
Masson Mills is part of the Derwent Valley World Heritage Site.
This mill was built in 1783.
A Grade II* listed building.
Spinning and Carding
Fine spinning mule at Masson Mill
This is a Fine Spinning Mule which spins very fine, thin thread. This shortened mule was originally 133 feet in length and contained 1,122 spindles. It originally came from Elk Mill near Manchester.
This is the mule which Guy operated in the series “The Boat That Guy Built”, BBC, 2011.
Industrial rolling up doors applied to the textile industry.
Reduce the noise decibel
Textile Machine Noise Control
Sound reducing device in a textile machine
This type of door is very useful for isolating factory compartments from noises and dust.
They open and close very quickly and for this are also Energy saving.
visit us at www.ocmflex.com
A visit to Sir Richard Arkwright's Masson Mills Working Textile Museum, near Matlock Bath in Derbyshire.
Masson Mills is part of the Derwent Valley World Heritage Site.
This mill was built in 1783.
A Grade II* listed building.
Textile machinery in the Doubling Room.
Original Masson Mill ring-spinning frames
This ring-spinning machine was manufactured by Prince -Smith and Sells Ltd, Keighley, West Yorkshire in 1953 is also original to Masson Mills.
A visit to Sir Richard Arkwright's Masson Mills Working Textile Museum, near Matlock Bath in Derbyshire.
Masson Mills is part of the Derwent Valley World Heritage Site.
This mill was built in 1783.
A Grade II* listed building.
Textile machinery in the Doubling Room.
Scales - my weight!
A visit to Sir Richard Arkwright's Masson Mills Working Textile Museum, near Matlock Bath in Derbyshire.
Masson Mills is part of the Derwent Valley World Heritage Site.
This mill was built in 1783.
A Grade II* listed building.
Spinning and Carding
After the Scutcher, the cotton passes throught the Breaker Card which opens the fibres and forms them into a soft, untwisted rope known as a “sliver”.
Different machine to the one in the above description, but it probably does the same thing!
3rd machine turned on during the demonstration!
A visit to Sir Richard Arkwright's Masson Mills Working Textile Museum, near Matlock Bath in Derbyshire.
Masson Mills is part of the Derwent Valley World Heritage Site.
This mill was built in 1783.
A Grade II* listed building.
Spinning and Carding
The card lap from the Derby Doubler is loaded onto the back of the Finisher Card to enable the final cleaning and opening process, after which the fibres are rubbed together, or “condensed”, to form “rovings”, 34 of which are wound onto a long wooden bobbin for the mule.
One of the many brochures and publciity items issued by the world famous Platt's of Oldham who were, for many years, one of the great names in textile machinery. Frames, of the Slubbing, Intermediate, Roving and Fine Roving types, were a vital part of the production of cotton yarns and this brochure looks at various models manufactured by the company. These Flyer Frames could include various components such as Ashton & Moorhouses Patent Duplex Cones, Curtis & Rhodes Patent Winding Motion (this overcame objections to the Houldsworth "Jack-i'th-Box motion) and Platt & Hilton's Patent Change Gear, all illustrating the technical complexities and innovations of textile technology.
The brochure dates from 1938 and has an eye-catching cover depicting thread being wound onto a bobbin. Platt's dated back to the 1770s when Henry Platt was a blacksmith manufacturing equipment and the concern through the family line until 1868 when as a limited liability company they were based in the massive Hartford Works in Oldham. In a town dominated by cotton, and with other major machine manufacturers, by 1929 Platt's employed 12,000. The company continued to expand and in post-WW2 years they effectively became two companies; manufacturing and sales. In the 1970s a series of mergers and takeovers, primarily by American concerns, saw Platt's become part of an international group and the Oldham works closed.
A brochure celebrating the centenary in 1966 of the Rochdale engineering company of William Tatham Ltd. and with an aerial view of the works in Kenworthy St., off Milnrow Road in Rochdale and with the main Calder Valley railway line behind. Indeed you can make out the soon to be abandoned Bacup branch curving off to the north and a three car British Railways DMU on the 'main line'.
Tatham's original works had been at the Sandford Works, later known as the Vulcan Iron Foundry, closer to the centre of the town. The second works, seen here and destined to become the company's main site, was opened in 1908 and the Vulcan Works was effectively closed in 1929/30. It was sold to the neighbouring Besco Company in post-WW2 years. Tatham's were noted manufacturers of textile and fibre processing machinery - an important local trade and allied to the local cotton industry - although Tatham's exported much and moved into manchinery for a wide range of natural and manmade textiles over time.
The company's foundry also made a side line that can still be seen on Rochdale's streets in that many drain and inspection covers on the town's streets were cast by them. The company survived until it went into adminstration in 2007 and closed. The works have been demolished and replaced by housing. The open land to the north of the railway, Newbold Brow, and that surprisingly survived as open land for decades, has now also been built on.
A visit to Sir Richard Arkwright's Masson Mills Working Textile Museum, near Matlock Bath in Derbyshire.
Masson Mills is part of the Derwent Valley World Heritage Site.
This mill was built in 1783.
A Grade II* listed building.
Spinning and Carding
After the Scutcher, the cotton passes throught the Breaker Card which opens the fibres and forms them into a soft, untwisted rope known as a “sliver”.
A visit to Sir Richard Arkwright's Masson Mills Working Textile Museum, near Matlock Bath in Derbyshire.
Masson Mills is part of the Derwent Valley World Heritage Site.
This mill was built in 1783.
A Grade II* listed building.
Textile machinery in the Doubling Room.
This doubling machine was made in 1922 by Arundel & Co. of Stockport.
A visit to Sir Richard Arkwright's Masson Mills Working Textile Museum, near Matlock Bath in Derbyshire.
Masson Mills is part of the Derwent Valley World Heritage Site.
This mill was built in 1783.
A Grade II* listed building.
Weaving Shed and Dispatch