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The Manhattan Bridge is a suspension bridge that crosses the East River in New York City, connecting Lower Manhattan at Canal Street with Downtown Brooklyn at the Flatbush Avenue Extension. The main span is 1,470 ft (448 m) long, with the suspension cables being 3,224 ft (983 m) long. The bridge's total length is 6,855 ft (2,089 m). It is one of four toll-free bridges spanning the East River; the other three are the Queensboro, Williamsburg, and Brooklyn Bridges.
The bridge opened to traffic on December 31, 1909. It was built by The Phoenix Bridge Company and designed by Leon Moisseiff, and is noted for its innovative design. As the first suspension bridge to employ Josef Melan's deflection theory for the stiffening of its deck, it is considered to be the forerunner of modern suspension bridges, and this design served as the model for many of the long-span suspension bridges built in the first half of the twentieth century. The Manhattan Bridge was also the first suspension bridge to utilize a Warren truss in its design.
History
The Manhattan Bridge was the last of the three suspension bridges built across the lower East River, following the Brooklyn and Williamsburg Bridges. In the earliest plans, the Manhattan Bridge was to have been called "Bridge No. 3" because it was the third bridge to be built. The Manhattan Bridge's current name was given in 1902. The name was confirmed in 1904. The New York Times criticized the name as "meaningless" and that the Manhattan Bridge's name "would have geographical and historical significance if it were known as the Wallabout Bridge". This was a reference to Wallabout Bay, located near the proposed bridge's Brooklyn side. In 1905, the Times raised another objection, stating, "All bridges across the East River are Manhattan bridges. When there was only one, it was well enough to call it the Brooklyn Bridge, or the East River Bridge".
Construction
Construction on the bridge's towers had commenced by at least 1901. By 1903, three workers had died while working on the Brooklyn-side tower's caisson. A $10 million grant for the bridge's construction was granted in May 1904 with the expectation that work on the span would start later that year.
A plan for the suspension-bridge span was announced in 1903. Elevated and trolley routes would use the Manhattan Bridge, and there would be large balconies and enormous spaces within the towers' anchorages. However, the Municipal Art Commission raised objections to one of the bridge's plans, which delayed the start of construction for the span. Another set of plans was unveiled in June 1904 by New York City Bridge Commissioner Gustav Lindenthal, but the second plan was also rejected. The dispute revolved around whether eyebars or wire cables should be used in the new bridge. The MAC voted to use wire cables in the bridge in September 1904. Because of this dispute, the plans for Manhattan Bridge are sometimes mistakenly attributed to Lindenthal. Other delays arose over the proposed placement of the bridge's termini on either side.
The Manhattan Bridge under construction in March 1909
The first temporary wire between the Manhattan Bridge's two towers was strung in June 1908. It was to be replaced later with permanent, thicker main cables, each 21 inches (53 cm) thick, on both sides of the bridge's deck. By this time, the construction cost had increased to $22 million. During the stringing of the anchorages, one of the cables on the Brooklyn side broke loose, injuring two people. The last of the suspender ropes supporting the main cables was strung in December of that year. The cables had been strung in four months, The construction of the bridge span required 30,000 tons of steel. Erection of the superstructure and steel fabrication were contracted to The Phoenix Bridge Company. The first girder for the new bridge was installed in February 1909. By April, the majority of the span had been fitted into place between the main cables.
The New York City Rapid Transit Commission recommended the construction of a subway line across the Manhattan Bridge in 1905. This line was approved in 1907. The New York City Public Service Commission requested permission to start constructing the subway tracks in March 1908. This plan was approved in May.
A group of 100 "leading citizens of Brooklyn" walked over the bridge on December 5, 1909, marking the unofficial completion of the bridge. The bridge was officially opened by outgoing Mayor George B. McClellan Jr. on December 31, 1909. Shortly after opening, a fire on the Brooklyn side of the Manhattan Bridge damaged the structure.
Later history
Floodlights and barbed-wire fences were installed at the bases of the bridge's anchorages in 1951, during the Cold War. The installations were fortified to protect against "possible sabotage attempts under wartime conditions". The anchorages themselves were sealed.
The subway trains crossing the Manhattan Bridge had a major impact on its condition (see § Trackage history), and the bridge started to tilt to one side based on how many trains used that side. This had supposedly been a problem since the tracks opened in 1917. In 1956, the bridge was renovated in order to rectify this tilt. However, by 1978, the Manhattan Bridge had deteriorated to such a point that the United States Congress voted to allocate money to repair the bridge, as well as several others in New York City. Minor repair work started in 1982. A discretionary grant for $50 million was allocated to these bridges' repairs in 1985. The first phase of repairs started that year. The bridge's condition was blamed on the imbalance in the number of trains crossing the bridge, as well as deferred maintenance during the New York City fiscal crisis of the 1970s.
In April 1986, workers temporarily closed the Manhattan-bound roadway on the upper level in order to repair the deck there. The north-side subway tracks, underneath the Manhattan-bound roadway, were also closed during this time. In December 1987, inspectors also shut one lane of the lower level due to a crack in the deck. The New York City Department of Transportation published a list of 17 structurally deficient bridges in the city. Among them was the Manhattan Bridge, which needed $166 million in repairs to fix "cable anchors and torsion of steel members as subways cross". Repairs on the northern side of the Manhattan Bridge were complete by the end of 1988, and the subway tracks on the north side were reopened. Simultaneous with the reopening of the north side, the south-side tracks were closed.[48] In 1991, trucks were banned from the lower level because they were too heavy for the decaying bridge.
"Major" repair work on the southern side began in 1992. The Yonkers Construction Company was awarded a $97.8 million contract for the repair project in August 1992. City Comptroller Elizabeth Holtzman originally denied the contract to the company because of concerns about corruption, but she was overridden by Mayor David Dinkins, who wanted to complete repairs quickly. At the same time, the NYCDOT increased the frequency of maintenance inspections for the bridge, after inspectors found holes in beams that had been deemed structurally sound during previous inspections. The Brooklyn-bound roadway on the upper level was closed from 1993 to 1996 so that side of the bridge could be repaired. The bridge repairs were repeatedly delayed as the renovation process uncovered more serious structural problems underlying the bridge. The original plans had been to complete the renovations by 1995 for $150 million, but by 1996, the renovation was slated to be complete in 2003 at a cost of $452 million. By 2001, it was estimated that the total cost of the renovations had reached half a billion dollars, including $260 million for the south side and another $175 million for the north side. At the time, the NYCDOT had set a January 2004 deadline for the renovation.
The original pedestrian walkway on the south side of the bridge was reopened after forty years in June 2001. It was shared with bicycles until late summer 2004, when a dedicated bicycle path was opened on the north side of the bridge. The northern bridge bike path is notable for poor signage that leads to cyclist and pedestrian conflicts. By the time work on the bridge was completed in 2004, the final cost of the renovation totaled $800 million.
To celebrate the bridge's centennial anniversary, a series of events and exhibits were organized by the New York City Bridge Centennial Commission in October 2009. These included a ceremonial parade across the Manhattan Bridge on the morning of October 4 and a fireworks display in the evening.[57] In 2009, the bridge was designated as a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers.
Although some crossings were made to be temporary, they last years. In the end it's all good as long as we can cross them.
Photos from our visit to several of Andy Goldsworthy's sheepfold project installations dotted around Cumbria. This is the Riverstone Fold at Deadman's Gill near Middleton-in-Teasdale.
Makeup has played a dispensable role in most women's life. In their opinion, they should make up well to look much more beautiful.
Glamour's Suze Yalof Schwartz went behind the scenes at Fashion Week to find out how they do it. Now she's giving you lessons!
1 Easter egg colors are your friend.
We're loving this cheery remix of the smoky eye. Just swap your charcoal shadow for the grown-up pastels makeup artist Dick Page used on models at Michael Kors. He lined their eyes with black pencil, then added gold shimmer in the inner corners. Next, he applied light blue or purple shadow along the lower curve of the eyes and from the lash line to just above the crease, then smudged, smudged, smudged. He finished with black mascara.
2 Pretty eye shadows to try.
Shiseido Makeup Luminizing Satin Eye Color in Bone, Fondant and Provence.
3 Fab skin and lip savers.
A one-minute way to glow?
Darphin Aromatic Renewing Balm. For a cheaper moisturizer alternative that's easy to track down, check your medicine cabinet - a bit of petroleum jelly works too.
4 Orange is the new red (lipstick).
We saw this again and again backstage and learned the trick to pulling it off: Just pick one spot to play up. Makeup pro Lucia Pica chose the cheeks at the Erin Fetherston show. She rubbed creamy orange blush onto the models' cheekbones with her fingers - a nice, bright contrast to their smoky brown eyeshadow.
5 A lipstick to love.
At Rebecca Taylor, makeup artist Rie Omoto used MAC Lipstick in Lady Danger on the models' lips. Apply it with a lip brush for more control.
6 A cure for tarantula lashes.
In between primping models at BCBG, vice president of MAC makeup artistry Gordon Espinet taught me his secret for keeping lashes defined and clump-free: Apply mascara with a fan brush, left. Just rub it over your mascara wand, then brush it onto your lashes—the stiff bristles are great for separating. How genius is that?
7 Try a textured mani.
Think of your nails as a showpiece accessory (they're jewelry, but cheaper), and apply a polish with sparkle - like chunky glitter or gold flecks - built in. "It's all about texture," manicurist Elle told me at the Reem Acra show. Another way to wear the trend: Try a dark, opaque shade, with a sheer, shimmery layer on top.
8 Do an unboring decorated bun.
Classic chignons are a runway staple, but the best ones this year got dressed up with fabric. At the Tibi show, hairstylists Kevin Ryan and Frank Rizzieri confessed that they used leftover fabric to frame the models' updos. And at Jason Wu, hair pro Odile Gilbert used sheer black cloth to add drama to the models' hair. "It's fresh and spontaneous," she said. To DIY, twist your hair into a bun, wrap fabric around it and make big loops with the material, pinning them into place as you go.
9 Vampy lips done right.
The super-intense lipstick combo MAC artist Romero Jennings used for the Jason Wu show made me want to take a temporary hiatus from my usual nudes - it's that gorgeous. First he applied a deep berry matte lipstick with a lip brush to create a base. Then he added a creamy eggplant shade on top, pressing it in with his fingers for a modern, stained effect. You can perfect the line with a cotton swab or a lip brush (no liner needed). As for your eyes, keep them simple like Jennings did. Apply bronzy shadow and brown liner, then curl your lashes. So fresh!
10 Add texture to your ponytail.
Why Ted Gibson loves the roughed up look: "You get a really interesting ponytail rather than the same old version you always wear." At Lela Rose, Gibson spritzed sections of the models' wet hair with hairspray, then rolled the pieces with his fingers while blow-drying for messiness. Laurent Philippon used a crimper to go punk at Monique Lhuillier. Crimp a big front section and pull your hair back, keeping the sides of the pony slick. Secure with an elastic, then crimp down along the tail.
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A combo trail and forest shot, I love the light in this little scene near the Plover River. Fall is so great. Well, until stick season.
From shaving that is. Nobody at work knows that I've been growing this horrible thing under the masks we must always wear. Usually, after a few weeks of this, I can't stand it and out comes the razor.
Located in Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto City Shimizu, Otowayama Kiyomizu Temple.
The travel and was founding in 778 AD, principal image multiarmed deity.
Stage as tourist destination, the Kiyomizu Temple, is a famous temple in particular.
There is a saying "with the intention to jump off the stage of Kiyomizu", that go over the top in Japan.
It is about to have a lot of people jumped by multiplying the wish actually, ban of jumping off a dead man out even came out.
京都市東山区清水にある、音羽山 清水寺。
西暦778年に開山したと伝わる、本尊は千手観音。
観光地、清水寺の舞台として、特に有名なお寺です。
日本では思い切ったことをする事を、"清水の舞台から飛び降りるつもりで"というコトワザがある。
実際に願いを掛けて飛び降りた人もたくさんいて、死んだ人も出て飛び降りの禁止令が出たほどです。
The boundary of concreteness and abstraction
Feel.
Border de abstrato e concreto.
Sinta-se.
Frontera de abstracto y lo concreto.
Siente.
具象と抽象の境。
The Alaska Highway travels through some pretty gorgeous but remote and unforgiving country. It has changed a great deal since I first travelled it in the mid 70's, and probably bares little to no resemblance to the original military road that shares its name.
Unfortunately, as the highway has been straightened, improved and paved, the need for many of the lodges that festooned its length and provided much needed respite for those travelling on older versions of the trail has diminished. In some cases, they were abandoned when the road shifted, in other cases, the owners may have died, moved on, or simply given up. This photo was taken on the site of one of those many boarded up and decaying vestiges of the past.
Photo taken with the Olympus OM-D E-M1 and M.Zuiko 12-40mm f/2.8 Pro hand held. Image processing was performed in DxO PhotoLab 5.3.X and in Nik Analog Efex Pro. I hope you like the result.
Olean, NY. July 2020.
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I am back again for a while ..so well catch up when I can.
On my walk around the city catching up on events. Christchurch September 27, 2015 New Zealand.
temporary city and regional area bus terminal - financial district south, san francisco, california. 2 stitched images.
A temporary card representation of the Coaling Stage at Old Oak Common depot
In the background is the Service Shed housing a Western and a Warship. That building was erected around the time of the depot's Turntable sheds' demolition
Location
Old Oak Common Depot 81a
Buildings are simple card creations to gauge size and position modelled on the originals which will eventually be replaced with 'proper' ones
Date
Circa 1965
Theme
BR Western Region
Steam to Diesel transition
(OK - the Q1 Steam locomotive is purely just for reference as I'm not sure they were ever used on the Western Region)
20210809_155628
(This is a temporary detour from working on my Red Riding Hood series.... While I was trying to figure out the next illustration in the series I got artists block, so decided to take a short break and work briefly on a completely different story :))
I've long been fascinated by the varied tales of the Slavic figure of Baba Yaga. A furious and wizened old woman with iron teeth and a gaunt frame, who propels herself around her forest home in an oversized mortar, sweeping away her tracks behind her with a broom of silver birch...
She's ambiguous and mercurial by nature - a fearsome witch who threatens to devour intruders - but also a shrewd crone who dispenses invaluable wisdom to those who please her.... In some tales she appears as a trio of women, who bear the same name and an identical appearance - but more often, she is a single (yet remarkably impressive) figure. Baba Yaga sleeps curled up in her ramshackle house, (which is mounted on chicken feet, and which marches along after her, often spinning and turning on its axis) - and yet the hut is too small for the long-limbed witch, who has to fold herself inside its walls each night, her body bent tight against each surface.
She's elemental and changeable, untameable and feral, capricious and canny.
In the most-told tale of Baba Yaga, she is thwarted and then begrudgingly assists the heroine Vasilisa the Beautiful (a tale that I would like to illustrate in full one day...)
But for now, I imagined her encountering titular Storyteller from Jim Henson's captivating series of fables. The wandering tale-teller who recounts his stories by a blazing fire with his trusty dog by his side....
It seems not unlikely that their paths may have crossed. And that he wove her into a tale to be told on dark nights.....
Dagupan Bus Co. Inc.- 1208
Dagupan Bus Co. Inc.- 1010
Bus No: 1208
Year released: 2012
Capacity: 51; 2x2 seating configuration
Route: Cubao/Kamias-Dagupan/Manaoag via Dau/SCTEX-Concepcion/Capas/Tarlac/Gerona/Paniqui/Moncada/San Manuel/Carmen/Villasis/Urdaneta/Binalonan/Laoac/San Jacinto/Mangaldan
Body: Santarosa Motorworks Inc. (rehabbed by JACG Corp.)
Model: 2012 SR-Cityliner ORD RE Series
Chassis: Daewoo BV115
Engine: Daewoo DE12TiS-BA
Fare: Airconditioned
Transmission System: M/T
Suspension: Leaf-Spring Suspension
Taken on: May 17, 2016
Location: Mabalacat City Bus Terminal, Brgy. Dau, Mabalacat City, Pampanga
sunset in the Columbia Gorge is pretty fun this time of year, if you do not mind the cold! I really love the waterfalls...
or should I say ICEfalls?
This is one of many runoff waterfalls coming over the cliffs along Highway 14 just East of Bingen, Washington.
As always, my photos are all taken with a Canon Powershot A630
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On February 21, Bear Lake had a thin skin of ice as far as we could see. A day later, most of it was gone as high winds pushed the ice onto the shore. See the next photo.
A quick, low-light shot of a loon off the dock in the backyard. At one point we had 5 of them! Usually it's one or two at a time.
Amsterdam - Stedelijk Museum - Barbara Kruger - Past/Present/Future
Barbara Kruger’s work with pictures and words addresses mass culture’s representations of power, identity and sexuality. As she has stated, “I work with pictures and words because they have the ability to determine who we are, what we want to be, and what we become.” The range of Kruger’s works is broad—from photographic prints on paper and vinyl to videos, room-size installations, public commissions, printed matter, and a variety of merchandise. Using the language of direct address and words like “you,” “me,” “we,” and “they,” her works reach out into the social space of the spectator.
In this installation—designed especially for the building’s largest gallery, known as the Hall of Honor—Kruger’s wraps the floor and walls with printed texts that “speak” directly and loudly to the spectator in a chorus of voices. Her provocative, emotionally charged statements about how people regard and treat each other disrupt the decorum of a traditional museum space. Bringing the world into her work and her work into the world, she confronts stereotypes and clichés, shattering them with a rigorous critique, a generous empathy and a sharp wit.
The result of an adapted lesson in Photoshopping, Molly sports back and arm tattoos... but only for this photo.
Volenteer law enforcement and first responders on duty at a temporary U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) Disaster Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (D-SNAP) processing centers such as this one in the North Charleston Coliseum where county residents recovering from severe flooding have come to, in North Charleston, SC, on Tuesday, Nov. 17, 2015.In times of emergency, FNS coordinates with state and federal partners, as well as local volunteer organizations, such as the American Red Cross and Salvation Army, to provide USDA Foods to shelters and other mass feeding sites and, in limited cases, distribute food packages directly to households in need. USDA Foods are 100% domestically produced, processed and procured agricultural commodities that are made available to schools, tribes, and low-income individuals through FNS Nutrition Assistance Programs. Once retail food stores reopen, if survivors still need nutrition assistance and the area has received a ‘Presidential Disaster Declaration with Individual Assistance,’ State agencies may request to operate D-SNAP. People who may not normally qualify for nutrition assistance benefits may be eligible for D-SNAP if they had disaster-related expenses, such as loss of income, damage to property, relocation expenses, and, in some cases, loss of food due to power outages. Those already participating in the SNAP may be eligible for supplemental benefits under D-SNAP. For more information please visit this web site: www.fns.usda.gov/disaster. USDA photos by Lance Cheung.
The bus stands on The Broadway have been dug up (as seen in the background), so buses from the east are having to drop off at Locke Way stop 7 if they've got layover to take before their next departure.
They seem to park here if there's room, but if it's full, then they need to go round to Duke Street. If that's full, then they need to go back out, and down Stanley Road and up Chertsey Road to the lower half of Duke Street, where the car parking has been suspended to create more bus parking.
The amusing part of all these arrangements is that, with the roadworks and fencing, the right turn from Duke Street back onto The Broadway to get to the pick up stands is not actually possible to do in a bus without driving over the pavement!
Here's Abellio Surrey 8443 (KM02 HFS), having come in on a 456 from Staines. It's the only of this batch of ex-London Darts to wear the new livery - although it's (still) missing vinyls and the interior is as bad as the others, so does not really compare well to the refurbished MPDs.
Locke Way, Woking, Surrey.
Very very temporary assembly for my self-satisfaction. ;)
Lens : Schneider Super-Angulon 38mm f5.6 XL
Rug : Sheep skin for make a bellows
37421 rests outside it's temporary Home Depot of Muir of Ord on 8th August 1989. The depot was quickly opened following the bridge collapse at Inverness during a severe storm, which isolated the Kyle and Far North lines. This allowed light maintenance of the Class 37s, stock and DMUs that were marooned. Some transfers were also carried out by road to and from Inverness TMD when heavier work on the trains was required
Temporary grafiti produced during the Strong Women of Clydeside history walk at the main gates of Fairfield Shipyard, Govan, to commemorate the role of women in the Upper Clyde Shipbuilders work-in of 1971.
The roses reference those sent to the worked, along with a donation, by John Lennon and Yoko Ono as a token of their support. These were donated to the maternity ward of the near-by Southern General Hospital.