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List of subscribers and sums gathered to assist in defraying the expenses of two night policemen for the town of Kinross
Ref: GB252/MS48/5/1
CHSH Download Club subscribers can download this unit @ www.christianhomeschoolhub.com/downloads.htm?a=&act=v...
Types of poetry covered: Acrostic, Diamante, Haiku, Limerick, Monorhyme, Cinquain, Minute, Tanka and Shape
The newest subscriber gift at %Percent! This one won't last long! Check store info, (nc included in subscriber gift,) for places you can find two others in different colors. After, they'll be sold as a full, texture change set! slurl.com/secondlife/Bembecia/201/145/105
As the sign reads:
William Henry Harrison and the Cincinnati & Whitewater Canal
Harrison, later to become the ninth President of the United States, was a strong supporter of the Cincinnati & Whitewater Canal project and a major subscriber of stock in the canal company. He sold land from his North Bend farm for the canal and tunnel right-of-way and provided clay and cordwood for manufacturing the bricks for the tunnel. On March 31, 1836, the steamer Moselle carried passengers from Cincinnati to the Harrison farm to witness the canal groundbreaking ceremonies. After his death in 1841, President Harrison was laid to rest in a tomb on the hill a few hundred feet above the North Bend portal of the tunnel.
The other side of the sign reads:
Cincinnati & Whitewater Canal Tunnel
In 1832, Cincinnati merchants projected a branch canal to join the Whitewater Canal at West Harrison, Indiana, with the goal of tapping commerce from Indiana's Whitewater Valley. The major obstacle on this route was the ridge between North Bend and Cleves just northeast of this site. Engineer Darius Lapham designed a 1782-foot tunnel through this barrier. Lined with brick made on site, the tunnel, 24 feet wide and 20-1/2 feet high, was the first canal tunnel in Ohio. Six workers died in its construction. The Cincinnati & Whitewater Canal opened in 1843 but was abandoned by 1856, after the main Whitewater Canal had been rendered useless by repeated flooding. The canal tunnel was subsequently used as a railroad tunnel from 1863 until 1888, illustrating the progression of transportation technology in the mid-nineteenth century.
The Ohio Bicentennial Commission, The Longaberger Company, The Three Rivers Historical Society, the Canal Society of Ohio and the Ohio Historical Society 2000.
A radio station featured my video & we hit 10,000 subscribers! Become a Shiggity Shanker: bit.ly/TheFunnyrats Yesterday's Vlog: ift.tt/1zjAYuw Like the Video? Share the Love! Shop our Amazon link: USA: ift.tt/1hkBumO Canada: ift.tt/1mlu8TM (You pay the same, we get a few dimes!) 99.9 KTDY: ift.tt/1wlR6zw ThredUp: ift.tt/1oy25BQ Mystery Video: ift.tt/1hG68qd LaneVid Video: ift.tt/1sbSE8O Year 1 (2009): ift.tt/1zjB0Tg Year 2 (2010): ift.tt/1wlR5eR Year 3 (2011): ift.tt/1zjB0Tk Year 4 (2012): ift.tt/1wlR6zx Year 5: ift.tt/1zjB19y Vlogging Channel: ift.tt/XhTpg4 LaneVids Channel: ift.tt/Lbu9Um iPhone Channel: ift.tt/108WAJf Get an E-mail when I upload a new video, sign-up here: ift.tt/1e5oNtJ Get a Text when I upload a new video, sign-up here: ift.tt/1cF5Psy Send me some Shiggity Shankness in the Mail!: Lane Fournerat PO BOX 81271 Lafayette, LA 70508 You guys are AWESOMELY SHIGGITY SHANK! SOCIAL LINKS --------------------- Twitter (Lane): ift.tt/10aL8jw Twitter (Krista): ift.tt/10aL8jz Instagram (Lane): ift.tt/1fxosSB Instagram (Krista): ift.tt/1fEITea Facebook: ift.tt/108WAJg Google Plus: ift.tt/1fgUqQQ Pinterest: ift.tt/1fxosSz LANEVIDS SHIRTS: ift.tt/10aL6YX WEBSITE: www.LaneVids.com Help Us Get Out of DEBT (Paypal Donation): ift.tt/1cARtdz
CHSH Download Club subscribers can download the unit @ www.christianhomeschoolhub.com/pt/Grammar-Resources-and-D...
Was a lot easier years ago when I installed the thing on a 1 1/2 pole sunk in the ground. Aside from that and occasional weather related problems and rate hikes, this DTV first year they were in biz subscriber has been pretty pleased.
I do think that the HD is more prone to glitches in bad weather. Maybe cause they need to pick up more sats? I just know it has to be aligned on three axis' so unlike my first dish I did not feel like installing this one myself.
Yes the OTA antennae provides great HD to a TV not on the Directv
L'illustration
As we indicated at the head of our
penultimate issue, many of our
subscribers and our readers have us for a few
months, expressed the desire to review in our pages a
series of anaglyphs.
Made in France, using photography,
for the first time, by Ducos du Hauron, in 1891,
the anaglyphs then only benefited from a curio-
transient site. The article by our collaborators L. Gimpel
and E. Touchet brilliantly pulled them out of oblivion in
which they had fallen. The reception given to this article
and the two-color engravings that accompanied it,
on January 26, its reproduction in a certain
number of journals, "popularized" anaglyphs
to the point that some illustrated newspapers from England
in particular, now give it in almost all
their numbers,
But, it must be said, the anaglyph does not suffer
mediocrity. It must be of such perfect execution
as possible. This is because most of the anaglyphs
published so far were faulty they hadn't
won public favor. Illustration, eager,
as usual, to offer only visions of
choice to its readers, made them take the
pictures that we reproduce on the following pages.
Note that these are not stereoscopies
ordinary. The first of these views, among others, is
hyperstereoscopy: we will find in our
january issue the explanation of this term and everything
which relates to the relief vision.
Remember that these engravings must be seen
gods with the two-colored eyeglass, - whose elements
(red-orange gelatin and green-blue gelatin) have been
previously supplied, - by placing the red oval
in front of the left eye, the green oval in front of the right eye.
Short-sighted or presbyopic patients must also
serve their usual eyeglasses.
We assume that our subscribers and readers have
still in their possession the eyeglass they had
made up. The renewed publication of these ana-
glyphs makes two-tone eyeglasses an accessory of
office almost as essential as a paper cutter
or a magnifying glass.
We will be excused for not giving again here
even the elements of this device. But eyeglasses
all prepared will be shipped, in an envelope, against
receipt of the sum of one franc in postage stamps.
Blown away by the response to this resource I created for worship leaders and their teams. Almost 600 subscribers from 25 countries are receiving this free weekly Bible devotional for worship teams. Link in bio to sign up - ift.tt/27BJUzw #worshipleader #worshipteam #wlco #worshipleaders #crtvmin #crtvchurch #churchleaders #pastor #pastors #worshipteam #worshipteambiblestudy
A SBC DSL (Digital Subscriber Line or high speed internet) filter. This filter is responsible for filtering out computer signals from voice signals in a normal ground telephone line.
This filter requires no power supply, and has 1 input and 2 outputs. Input is the phone jack, and outputs are connected to the DSL modem and a normal phone.
The filter is composed of 2 inductors and 3 capacitors. I drew out the schematic of the circuit, and after tidying up the circuit. I figured out they are just an AC low pass filter and a high pass filter.
CHSH Download Club subscribers can download @ www.christianhomeschoolhub.com/pt/Community-Helpers-Teach...
This download is perfect to use during any Community Helpers unit. It contains 3 pages for each of the 16 community helpers and students will have the opportunity to color, draw and write practicing fine motor skills as well as handwriting and sentence writing for older students!
Community Helpers in this volume:
farmer
firefighter
flight attendant
gardener
geologist
hairdresser
highway patrol
judge
lawyer
librarian
postman
marine biologist
mechanic
meteorologist
microbiologist
nurse
The equestrian statue of Viscount Combermere stands on an island in Grosvenor Road, Chester, Cheshire, England, opposite the entrance to Chester Castle. It commemorates his successful military career, and was made by Carlo Marochetti. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building.
History
Stapleton Cotton, 1st Viscount Combermere (1773–1865) was a cavalry officer, diplomat and politician, who served with distinction under Wellington in the Peninsular War.[1] In 1863 it was suggested that a monument to him should be erected. The proposal quickly gained support from the major landowners of Cheshire and John Graham, Bishop of Chester, who were all major subscribers to the project. It was agreed, because of Combermere's distinguished cavalry career, that the monument should be an equestrian statue. Carlo Marochetti, noted for his equestrian statues, was commissioned to create the work. It was also agreed that the statue should stand on a prestigious site opposite Chester Castle. Work began in 1864 but, before the work could be completed, Combermere died in February 1865. The statue was unveiled on 26 October 1865 and cost about £5,000 (equivalent to £510,000 in 2021). Around £7,000 had been raised from the subscriptions, and the difference was given to charitable causes. It was the first major piece of open-air public sculpture to be erected in Cheshire.
Description
The statue consists of a bronze figure seated on a horse, standing on a pedestal of Cornish granite. The figure is about 3.4 metres (11 ft) in height, and the pedestal is about 3.7 metres (12 ft) high. Combermere is dressed in the uniform of a field marshal, sitting on a horse at rest with one foot raised. The pedestal is inscribed with Combermere's name and dates, and the names of the major conflicts in which he had been involved.
Appraisal
The statue was designated as a Grade II* listed building on 10 January 1972. Grade II* is the middle of the three grades of listing designated by English Heritage, and is granted to "particularly important buildings of more than special interest".
Baron Pietro Carlo Giovanni Battista Marochetti RA (14 January 1805 – 29 December 1867) was an Italian-born French sculptor who worked in France, Italy and Britain. He completed many public sculptures, often in a neo-classical style, plus reliefs, memorials and large equestrian monuments in bronze and marble. In 1848, Marochetti settled in England, where he received commissions from Queen Victoria. Marochetti received great recognition during his lifetime, being made a baron in Italy and was awarded the Legion of Honour by the French government.
Chester is a cathedral city and the county town of Cheshire, England, on the River Dee, close to the England-Wales border. With a population of 79,645 in 2011, it is the most populous settlement of Cheshire West and Chester (a unitary authority which had a population of 329,608 in 2011) and serves as its administrative headquarters. It is also the historic county town of Cheshire and the second-largest settlement in Cheshire after Warrington.
Chester was founded in 79 AD as a "castrum" or Roman fort with the name Deva Victrix during the reign of Emperor Vespasian. One of the main army camps in Roman Britain, Deva later became a major civilian settlement. In 689, King Æthelred of Mercia founded the Minster Church of West Mercia, which later became Chester's first cathedral, and the Angles extended and strengthened the walls to protect the city against the Danes. Chester was one of the last cities in England to fall to the Normans, and William the Conqueror ordered the construction of a castle to dominate the town and the nearby Welsh border. Chester was granted city status in 1541.
The city walls of Chester are some of the best-preserved in the country and have Grade I listed status. It has a number of medieval buildings, but many of the black-and-white buildings within the city centre are Victorian restorations, originating from the Black-and-white Revival movement. Apart from a 100-metre (330 ft) section, the walls are almost complete. The Industrial Revolution brought railways, canals, and new roads to the city, which saw substantial expansion and development; Chester Town Hall and the Grosvenor Museum are examples of Victorian architecture from this period. Tourism, the retail industry, public administration, and financial services are important to the modern economy. Chester signs itself as Chester International Heritage City on road signs on the main roads entering the city.
The history of Chester extends back nearly two millennia, covering all periods of British history in between then and the present day. The city of Chester was founded as a fort, known as Deva Vitrix, by the Romans in AD 70s, as early as AD 74 based on discovered lead pipes. The city was the scene of battles between warring Welsh and Saxon kingdoms throughout the post-Roman years until the Saxons strengthened the fort against raiding Danes.
Following the Norman Conquest in 1066, Chester came under the Earl of Chester. It became a centre of the defence against Welsh raiders and a launch point for raids on Ireland.
The city grew as a trading port until the power of the Port of Liverpool overtook it. However the city did not decline and during the Georgian and Victorian periods was seen as a place of escape from the more industrial cities of Manchester and Liverpool.
Roman
The Romans founded Chester as Deva Victrix in AD 70s in the land of the Celtic Cornovii, according to ancient cartographer Ptolemy, as a fortress during the Roman expansion north.
It was named Deva either after the goddess of the Dee, or directly from the British name for the river. The 'victrix' part of the name was taken from the title of the Legio XX Valeria Victrix who were based at Deva. A civilian settlement grew around the settlement, probably starting as a group of traders and their families who were profiting from trade with the fortress. The fortress was 20% larger than other fortresses in Britannia built around the same time at York (Eboracum) and Caerleon (Isca Augusta); this has led to the suggestion that the fortress may have been intended to become the capital of the province rather than London (Londinium).
The civilian amphitheatre which was built in 1st century could sit between 8,000 and 10,000 people, is the largest known military amphitheatre in Britain, and is also a Scheduled Monument. The Minerva Shrine in the Roman quarry is the only rock cut Roman shrine still in situ in Britain. The fortress was garrisoned by the legion until at least the late 4th century. Although the army would have abandoned the fortress by 410 when the Romans retreated from Britannia the civilians settlement continued and its occupants probably continued to use the fortress and its defences as protection from raiders in the Irish Sea.
Sub-Roman and Saxon period
The Roman withdrawal from Britain was effectively complete by 410 and the Britons established a number of successor states. The area of Chester is thought to have formed part of the kingdom of Powys, whose early kings claimed descent from the exile Vortigern. Chester is generally identified with the Cair Legion ("Fort Legion") listed as one of the 28 cities of Britain in the History of the Britons traditionally attributed to Nennius. In Welsh legend, King Arthur is said to have fought his ninth battle against the Saxon invasion at the "city of the legions" and later St Augustine came to the city to try and subjugate the Welsh bishops to his mission. In 616, Æthelfrith of Northumbria defeated a Welsh army at the Battle of Chester and probably established the Anglo-Saxon position in the area from then on.
The Anglo-Saxons adopted the native name as the calque Legeceaster, which over time was shortened to Ceaster and finally corrupted to Chester. In 689, King Æthelred of Mercia founded the Minster Church of West Mercia on what is considered to be an early Christian site and known as the Minster of St John the Baptist, Chester (now St John the Baptist's Church), which later became the city's first cathedral. In the 9th century, the body of Æthelred's niece, St Werburgh was removed from Hanbury in Staffordshire; in order to save its desecration by Danish marauders, she was reburied in the Church of SS Peter & Paul—later to become the Abbey Church and present cathedral. Her name is still remembered by the St Werburgh's Street which passes beside the cathedral. The Saxons extended and strengthened the city walls to protect the city against the Danes, who occupied it for a short time until Alfred seized all the cattle and laid waste the surrounding land to drive them out. In fact it was Alfred's daughter Æthelfleda, "Lady of the Mercians", who rebuilt the Saxon burh. In 907, she dedicated a new church to St Peter.
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that, in 973, King Edgar came to Chester following his coronation at Bath. He held his court in a place located in what is now called "Edgar's Field", near the old Dee bridge in Handbridge. Taking a barge up the River Dee from his court to the Minster of St John the Baptist, Edgar supposedly took the helm of the vessel while it was rowed by six or eight tributary "kings" (Latin: reguli, lit. "little kings").
The Chronicles of Melrose and of Florence of Worcester describe that "eight petty kings, namely, Kynath, king of the Scots, Malcolm, king of the Cumbrians, Maccus, king of several isles and five others, named Dufnall, Siferth, Huwall, Jacob and Juchill, met him there as he had appointed and swore that they would be faithful to him, and assist him by land and by sea".
After the kings swore fealty and allegiance they rowed him back to the palace. As he entered he is reported to have said that with so many kings' allegiance his successors could boast themselves to be kings of the English.
Middle Ages
After the 1066 Norman Conquest and the Harrying of the North, the Normans took Chester, destroying 200 houses in the city. Hugh d'Avranches, the first Norman earl (it was first given to a Fleming, Gherbod, who never took up residence but returned to Flanders where he was captured, and later killed) was William's nephew. He built a motte and bailey near the river, as another defence from the Celts. It is now known as Chester Castle and was rebuilt in stone by Henry III in 1245, after the last of six Norman earls died without issue.
Chester's earls were a law unto themselves. They kept huge hunting forests - Hugo was said to have 'preferred falconers and huntsmen to the cultivators of the soil', and Ranulf I converted the Wirral farmlands into another hunting forest. Before Ranulph, Hugo's son had inherited at the age of seven but died in the White Ship, along with the king's heir, William, on his way to England from France, where he was educated under the guardianship of Henry I. Earl Ranulf II, Ranulph's son, even helped to capture King Stephen in 1140, and ended up controlling a third of England after supporting Henry II's claim to the throne.
Other earls were Hugh II, Ranulf III and John the Scot. The traditional independence that Chester had under the earls was confirmed by a charter of Richard II in 1398 stating that 'the said county of Chester shall be the principality of Chester'. The earls are remembered with their shields on the suspension bridge over the river Dee, and again on the Grosvenor Park lodge.
The first earl had endowed a great Benedictine monastery dedicated to Saint Werburgh in 1092 (on the site of the church of dedicated to St Peter and St Paul). The monastery was dissolved under Henry VIII in 1540 and was rededicated to Christ and the Blessed Virgin Mary to become Chester Cathedral. Previously, the first Chester Cathedral was begun in 1075 by the first Norman Bishop of Mercia, Peter de Leya after the See was moved from Lichfield in Chester. De Leya's successor moved the See to Coventry and it later returned to Lichfield. St John's became the co-Cathedral and Collegiate Church.
There is a popular belief that it was the silting of the River Dee that created the land which is now Chester's racecourse (known as the Roodee), on which a stone cross still stands which is said to have been erected in memory of Lady Trawst who died as a result of an image of the Virgin Mary called Holy Rood falling upon her in Hawarden church a few miles down the river). But the Roodee was in existence as early as the 13th and 14th centuries, so it cannot have been created by later silting. The silting which led to the creation of the Roodee, in its current form, is well established on a sequence of post-medieval maps dating from the later 16th century. It has also been established by archaeological evaluations and excavations in the area of the Old Port, known as the Roodee tail. Physical evidence for the silting of this area of the city is shown by the building of the 14th-century port watch tower, now known as the Water Tower, which projects from the north-west corner of the city walls. This tower was originally built out into the river. Maps of the 16th century, its archaeological form and related documentary evidence all demonstrate this.
Despite stories to the contrary, the weir above the Old Dee Bridge was not built by the Romans but by Hugh Lupus, Earl of Chester between 1077 and 1101 to hold water for his river mills. The purpose of the weir on the river was to keep water levels high for these mills, one of which gave rise to the traditional song "Miller of Dee", which reflects the attitude of the happy miller who was granted a monopoly on grinding. It also prevents the salty tidal waters from entering the Dee fresh water basin.
Chester's port flourished under Norman rule. In 1195 a monk, Lucian, wrote 'ships from Aquitaine, Spain, Ireland and Germany unload their cargoes of wine and other merchandise'. In fact wine was imported through only four other English ports. During the 13th century Chester was famous for its fur trade and even by the mid-16th century the port was importing large amounts of fur and skins. In 1543 one ship alone brought in '1600 shhep fells, 68 dere, 69 fawne skins and 6300 broke (badger skins)' .
However the estuary was silting up so that trading ships to the port of Chester had to harbour downstream at Neston, Parkgate, and "Hoyle Lake" or Hoylake.
Chester's first known mayor was William the Clerk. The second known mayor was Walter of Coventry, who served between 1241 and 1245. The town's third mayor was Walter de Livet (Levett) who was named as mayor in a royal decree from May 1246. (Walter of Coventry and Walter de Livet may be the same person.) During early Chester history, the mayor often held his position for 10 years or more; apparently the early mayor's terms were open-ended.
Tudor and Stuart times
Originally the port was located to the north of the Watergate just below the city wall. To the south of the Watergate the Roodee existed in smaller form than today. The map sequence shows the river moving its course from against the wall north of the Watergate out to its current location between 1580 and approximately the 1830s. By the first edition OS map the river had reached its current position. However, it is apparent that some rivulets and inlets have been lost since, although some have been identified in archaeological work on the site of the former House of Industry and Gasworks.
In September 1642 tension between King Charles I and Parliament was growing and civil war looked like it might be a possibility. Charles visited Chester and ensured the election of pro-royalist mayor William Ince. In March 1643, leading Chester royalist Francis Gamull was commissioned to raise a regiment of foot to defend the city. Colonel Robert Ellis, an experienced soldier, was asked to construct outer defences to the city. A series of earthworks were constructed around the city from Boughton through Hoole and Newton to the Water Tower. The earthworks consisted of a ditch and mud wall with a series of 'mounts' or gun platforms were added along with turnpike gates on incoming roads.
Parliamentary forces began to lay siege to the city of Chester. In the early morning of 20 September 1645, parliamentary forces overran the eastern earthworks at the Boughton turnpike and captured the east suburbs of the city up to the walls. They began to construct cannon batteries within range of the city.
A cannon battery placed in St John's churchyard breached the city walls on 22 September near the Roman amphitheatre. A hole some 25 feet wide was made with thirty-two cannon shots. Following the breach an attempt was made to storm the city, but the defenders repelled the charge. According to an account at the time by Lord Byron, the breach was stopped up with woolpacks and featherbeds from all parts of the town. One can see to this day the repairs made to the wall, the section of which is next to the Roman Gardens (see photo below).
On the evening of 23 September 1645, King Charles I entered the City of Chester with 600 men via the Old Dee Bridge. He stayed the night at Sir Francis Gamull's house on Bridge Street. Also during the evening Sydenham Poyntz, a Parliamentarian in pursuit of the King's forces, entered Whitchurch (15 miles to the south) with 3000 horse. A battle looked likely.
Later that evening the King became aware of Poyntz's movements, as a messenger was intercepted at Holt. A decision was made to send out Lord Gerrard's horse troops and five hundred foot soldiers in the morning.
On the morning of 24 September 1645 the Battle of Rowton Heath occurred in moor land called Miller's Heath near the village of Rowton, two miles to the south east of Chester on the modern A41 road. Parliamentary forces crushed the Royalist loyal Cavaliers. The city was under siege at the time by the Parliamentary army. Royalist forces were coming to lift the siege and join up with Scottish allies, but were intercepted by Parliamentary Forces outside Chester.
The engagement lasted all day starting at 9am and continued throughout the day in three stages as Royalists were pushed back towards the City and its walls. The battle was mainly conducted on horseback with musketeers supporting the cavalry's flanks. As the battle went on into the afternoon, more troops were ordered to march out of the Northgate in support of the Royalists on Rowton Moor, but this decision was too late—the battle was already lost.
As the fighting reached the suburbs it was watched by King Charles I and Sir Francis Gamull from Chester's Phoenix Tower (now also called King Charles' Tower) on the city walls. The King quickly withdrew to the Cathedral tower, but even this was not safe, as the captain standing next to him was shot in the head by musket fire from the victorious Parliamentarians who took residence in the St John's Church tower.
The battle cost the lives of 600 Royalists and an unknown number of Parliamentarians. Among the Royalist dead was Lord Bernard Stuart (1622–1645) Earl of Lichfield, the king's cousin. His portrait is displayed in the National Gallery.
Also slain at the same time was William Lawes (1602–1645) a noted English composer and musician. He was buried in Chester Cathedral without a memorial. He was remembered by the king as the 'Father of Musick' and his portrait as a cavalier hangs in the Faculty of Music at Oxford.
Today there is a small memorial to the battle in the village of Rowton. It consists of a brief history and a battle plan of field at the time.
The next day the king slipped out of Chester and crossed the Old Dee Bridge en route to Denbigh. He left instructions for the city to hold out for 10 days more.
By 1646, after having refused to surrender nine times and with Lord Byron at the head of the city's defences, having only spring water and boiled wheat for lunch — the citizens (17,000) had already eaten their dogs — a treaty was signed. The mills and the waterworks lay in ruins. When the exultant Puritan forces were let loose on the city, despite the treaty, they destroyed religious icons including the high cross, which was not erected again for over three centuries. In 1646 King Charles I was proclaimed a traitor beside its base.
Worse was to come. The starved citizens then bore the full brunt of the plague, with 2099 people dead from the summer of 1647 to the following spring.
In 1643 Sir Richard Grosvenor petitioned the Assembly to enclose the Row which ran through the front of his town house on Lower Bridge Street, and his request was granted. At the time he was employed in the Royalist army as a Commander. Some speculate that perhaps the room was being used to organise the Royalist Resistance in Chester. In the years after the war, people further down the street also asked for the Row to be enclosed. Eventually Lower Bridge Street lost its rows. The only trace can now be found at number 11.
Most of Chester was rebuilt after the Civil War. There are many fine half-timbered houses dating from this time still standing today.
Chester port declined with most of the ships going from the colonies now going to Liverpool, although it was still the major port of passenger embarkation for Ireland until the early 19th century. A new port was established on the Wirral called Parkgate, but this also fell out of use. The road to the port of Chester was called the 'Great Irish Road' and ran from Bristol to Chester.
Georgian and Victorian eras
The port declined seriously from 1762 onwards. By 1840 it could no longer effectively compete with Liverpool as a port, although significant shipbuilding and ropemaking continued at Chester. It was once thought that Chester's maritime trade was brought to an end by the silting of the River Dee, although recent research has shown this was not the case. It was the use of larger ocean-going ships that led to the diversion of the trade to the relatively young town of Liverpool and other locations on the River Mersey, which had long been rivals to Chester, such as Runcorn.
In the Georgian era, Chester became again a centre of affluence, a town with elegant terraces where the landed aristocracy lived. This trend continued into the Industrial Revolution, when the city was populated with the upper classes in fleeing to a safe distance from the industrial sprawls of Manchester and Liverpool.
Edmund Halley (of comet fame) was the deputy controller of Chester Castle for a short time and on 10 May 1697 recorded a fall of one inch hailstones in the area. William Molyneux was in exile here from Ireland in 1691 and was working on his book Dioptrics published in London the following year.
The Industrial Revolution brought the Chester Canal (now part of the Shropshire Union Canal) to the city (which was dubbed 'England's first unsuccessful canal', after its failure to bring heavy industry to Chester) as well as railways and two large central stations, only one of which remains. The building of the route to Holyhead involved one particularly notable tragedy, when a cast iron bridge over the river Dee just by the Roodee race course, collapsed. The Dee bridge disaster sent shock waves through the whole nation because there were many other bridges of similar design on the growing national rail network. Robert Stephenson was the engineer to the new line, and he came in for heavy criticism at the inquest held locally. The design was faulty, and many other bridges had to be demolished or replaced. In an attempt to strengthen the brittle cast iron girders of the bridge, Stephenson added tough wrought iron straps along the length of the spans, but, far from improving the structure, added little or no extra strength. A Royal Commission was set up to investigate the problem, and they confirmed the conclusions of the Railway Inspectorate that the design was wrong.
A leadworks was established by the canal in 1799; its shot tower, which was used for making lead shot for the Napoleonic Wars, is the oldest remaining shot tower in the UK.
The Ruskinian Venetian Gothic Town Hall was ceremoniously opened by Prince of Wales in 1869; its design, following a public competition held to replace the Exchange building, which had stood at the centre of Northgate Street until it burnt down in 1862, was by William Henry Lynn (1829–1915) an Irish architect with a practice in Belfast. Along with the Cathedral Church of Christ & the Blessed Virgin Mary, it still dominates the city skyline. The Volunteer Street drill hall was completed in 1868. The three clock faces were added in 1980.
The Eastgate clock was also built at this time, and is a central feature as it crosses Eastgate street, and is part of the city walls. The clock is very popular with tourists, and this has given it the grand title of the second most photographed clock in the UK (perhaps even the World) after Big Ben.
Crown Street, Darlington the gift of Edward Pease of the Quaker Pease Family. The Laying of the Corner Stone of the Darlington Free Library by Sir Joseph W. Pease, Bart, M.P. took place on 4th June 1884 and the building was officially opened on 23rd October 1885, by Lady Lymington.
North Star Darlington Saturday 24th October 1885
"UNVEILING OF THE BUST Mr David Dale in asking the Borough Member to unveil the bust of the late Mr Edward Pease said from the purposes for which that building was obviously designed and from the use which he hoped it would be in perpetuity devoted the inquirer of the future would learn much of the character of Edward and he would infer and rightly infer that Edward Pease was a man who was devoted to culture that he appreciated the pleasures and recognised the importance of cultivating a taste for reading and of helping a communion through books with the great min of past ages And' he would infer rightly that Edward Pease was a man of generous sympathies who desired to place within the reach of others that world of books to which he was himself devoted and that he was a man who applied much of that wealth which a gracious Providence had endowed him to noble public uses The inquirer having learned thus much of the man in whom he was interested he would desire to know something of his personal presence and presentment and it was partly with a view to meet that desire and partly to mark their own love and respect that numerous townsmen of Edward some who like himself had known him from Ins bovhood many who had worked with him in public and philanthropic objects and many belonging to that artisan class in whom he took so deep an interest commissioned their talented townsman Frank Priestman to execute a bust from such photographic material as was available (Applause) It was now his duty on behalf of the subscribers to present the bust to the Mayor and in the presence of that distinguished company and of the only descendant of Edward Pease with whose mixed feelings on that occasion they heartily sympathised to ask the Member of the borough to unveil the bust (Applause) Mr Fry MP then proceeded to unveil the bust whose exact position in tho library we have already indicate! He observed that one distinguishing feature of tho character of the late Mr Edward Pease was his great sympathy with those who were sick and suffering perhaps because he hinself did not enjoy strong health Mr Pease was largely interested with his brothers in the erection of the Convalescent Home at Saltburn and the same spirit induced him to open at Bournemouth a home where ladies of limited means and in delicate health might receive the benefit of rest at the sea side He was also the founder of the Anti-Opium Society whose efforts to suppress that immoral traffic among the Chinese had been attended with considerable success (Applause)
MR ARTHUR ADDRESS Alderman Arthur Pease MP said he rejoiced in the thought to which expression had just been given that the citizens of Darlington would have something upon which they could gaze which would recall to the memory of so many of them features that were once familiar He cordially united with his brother in the gratification they felt at the expression of satisfaction of it's town with the way in which they bad fulfilled their duties under the will of the late Edward Pease They had felt that theirs was a sacred trust (Hear hear) It was a trust that was congenial to their own min ts and they bad found in the architect one who hid been able to give an expression to that which they cleared in presenting before the view of all the town a building worthy of the object for which it was intended (Applause) On account of his brother health to which allusion had been made he was not able to take the prominent part in commerce and public affairs which had fallen to the lot of many of them On that account he had more and he very largely occupied that leisure time in the acquirement of information from books He was a diligent reader he read with great (te and he had a tenacious memory 0e found that his life was sweetened by the knowledge he thus obtained and he earnestly desired that others whose means might not be so great as his should share in some of the intellectual enjoyment which he himself had found (Applause) The great deeds of men reminded them that they might make their lives sublime There was a sphere for each on a of them Let the remembrance of that day be to stir them up to diligence that while they had the strength and the opportunity they might fulfil the work which was allotted to them On Behalf of Sir Joseph Pease and himself he thanked all who had taken an interest in the proceedings of that day They felt their part had been discharged but they also felt that if it had not been for the cordial co-operation of the Mayor and Corporation and of others the ceremony of that day would have been incomplete indeed He bad to express once more how cordially his brother and he appreciated their kindness and how much they rejoiced in the success which had attended the arrangements (Applause) The Mayor having thanked the subscribers to the bust on behalf of the town cheers were raised for Lady Lymington and the formal opening proceedings concluded The Library was afterwards inspected by hundreds of persons the really beautiful interior Being universally admired The day was observed as a half holiday most of the works being closed at noon.
THE LUNCHEON At the conclusion of the opening ceremony the company proceeded to the Trevelyan Temperance Hotel where over 100 guests partook of luncheon at the invitation of his Worship the Mayor At the termination of the repast the Mayor stated that Alderman Lucas Pease Mr Parker and the Rev Kendall were prevented by indisposition from being present The toast of the Queen and the Royal Family was then enthusiastically honoured on the proposition of the Mayor Mr Bowman JP briefly proposed the health of All Christian Ministers and The Vicar op Darlington (the Rev Hodgson) in responding said the Church had yesterday suffered a very great loss (hear hear) in the sudden removal of the Lord Bishop of Manchester who had been called not only Bishop of Manchester but Bfehop of all hear and there was auother bishop seriously ill whose life was despaired of and it was a good thing to drink his health if it would have any beueficial effect (Applause) Ha was sometimes surprised by the amount of work their own Bishop got through (Applause) He believed the clergy and dissenting ministers endeavoured to do the duty assigned to them and all felt deeply interested in tne event of that day (Applause) The clergy had always taken a great interest in education and could not fail to (eel deeply interested in seeing established in Darlington a public library like that opened by Lady Lymington whom they were all pleased to (Applause) He hoped it would be extremely useful and would also advance many ways the great cause of Christianity (Applause) The Town Clerk op Darlington (Mr Hugh Dunn) proposed the toast The Houses of Parliament in a humorous speech in the course of which he said he would not say anything of the Houses of Parliament as they existed at present and as to them as they would exist after the General Election he would not venture to speak because it was a good plan not to prophecy uutil they knew (Laughter) He hoped every gentleman who was a candidate would be satisfied with the result of the General Election (Laughter) Lord Lymington in replying said he felt somewhat in the anomalous and rather peiplexing position to which the Town Clerk had alluded He like his friend Mr Fry was not certain whether he was condemned or not (Laughter) It was left to a mysterious process it would not be proper for him to discuss on a non-political occasion to decide but they had a few days to live and although they might not afterwards be supporters from within the House of Commons they might be bulwarks from without (Applause) The Town Clerk had said that he was not a public speaker but be thought Mr Dunn had succeeded in making a very witty speech (Applause He thousht however a great many of those who were sitting in the House and those who were candidates would wish they had not the power of speaking in public and others might wish so too (Laughter) He remembered a remark once made by Lord Beaconsfield There was a dull debate in the House of Commons and he happened to come down to hear it A member of the House who happened to be rather deaf was making use of an ear trumpet and Lord Beaconsfield aud you conceive a man to be such a fool as to interfere with so providential a (Laughter) He hoped the next House of Commons would show a greater aptitude for business and less for talk He spoke from no party point of view but he thought it would be a very great national misfortune if the reputation and character of the House of Commons were to suffer in the eyes of the people because the House of Commons was not a really effective and business-like senate (Applause) He hoped it might be spared from any evil of the kind (Applause) Of course it was only fair that during the great General Election principles should be abundantly debated and discussed but he hoped that whoever were returned would devote themselves to the business of the country with somewhat more despatch and a little less talk than the present House (Applause) Mr Fry MP also responded remarking that if the Honse of Commons transacted their business with the same celerity and ability as the Corporations did thev would have performed a great deal more business than they had done in the last few years (Applause) Mr Steavenson ex-Mayor of Darlington in proposing the health of Mr Edward Executors said he could not give the toast in the language which lie thought it deserved (Applause) He felt they had had imposed upon them a trust which they had discharged certiinly with very great credit to themselves and very great satisfaction to the town of Darlington-( Applause) He believed the will of the late Mr Edward Pease left them the power to dispose of the fund in such a manner as they might think best tit for furthering the education of the town of Darling ton and he could not think of one institution more calculated to do good than a public library for that town (Applause) The Education Act had brought the children forward to a certain point by empowering the authorities to give instruction to the children in such a manner that they were now able ta understant and avail themselves of those ad vantages offered by the library (Applause) Their old Library was good in its way but he trusted that their present library would be stocked with books of greater value not only intrinsically but as to the elements of teaching than ever the Mechanics Library was The Library possessed a small reference library but a large space had been left in the present building for a reference library which he thought was calculated to continue the education of the children in such a maimer as the present generation would hardly be able to realise (Applause) The taste for literature and learning had been begun with the children in the elementary schools and he trusted that they would go day after day and night after night to that reference library and avail themselves of the opportune the executors of the late Mr Edwara Pease had been pleased to put in their power and he hoped the subscription list would swell not only in money but by donations of books (Applause) He was not able that morning to give them the list of books which the library contained but he would do so now The total volumes in the reference library was 2982 and in the lending library 7625 making a total of 10607 (Applausej Out of that number of books 8386 had Seen purchased and 7221 given (Applause) The cost of the 3386 volumes was £472 18s 6dl of which £447 0s had been expended ob hooka to hand the conveyance of the lead and building to the Mayor He said: Mr Mayor my Lord Lymington Lady Lymington ladies an 1 gentlemen The duty that 1 have to perform to-day is one of a most simple character and yet it is one that amidst so large at assembly belonging to my native town I cannot discharge without some of those feelings creeping into my heart which render it somewhat difficult to discharge even ao small a duty In handing over to you Mr Mayor this paper which contains the conveyance of this building to you and the Town Council of Darlington and those whom you may represent for what men call for ever I do it at thebequet which is after all the most solemn fom of request of one who will ever be remembered in this town and one whose bequest and request in this matter my brother and myself nave had great pleasure in discharging (Hear hear) He was known among you as a young man he worked among your working men he saw the temptations which assailed them he knew ths troubles of life which environed them and ho was de ermined whilst he lived to do what he cou'd to raise the men and women of this district higher if possible in the scale of mental and intellectual standing than they were when he was born (Applause) He failed in his because the time was not favourable to to induce you during his life to adopt what he thought would be the benefits of the Free Library jhear but he left as yon are awaro a clause in his will in which he put £1 1000 absolutely under tte discretion of my brother and myself for works of education here Wo thought we could not better apply that money tban in the direction which he during his life had marked ont for us and to-day we disenargeour duty I am really afraid that we have almost spent tbo whole of our money as I ha-1 hoped there might have besn a nest eee left for some other educational work in the district I have the honour of handing to you Mr Mayor this paper in the presence of his whose kind consideration in this matter we have always had who has taken a great interest in this building and who will I hope before many moments are over unlock it as I have already said for the benefit of these in this town and neighbourhood whom her father so much loved (Applause) It is hardly ns ts (ary for me to say much more but I cannot forbear saying that he who is gone from as bore a name which will not be forgotten in this kingdom (Hear hear) His name I bolieve would bo banded down to posterity if tins building behind me liad never existed His great de-ire will I believe be fulfilled and this building will do much towards encouraging those literary tastes which I hope not only render men better citizens but I heartily believe and pray make them better Christians (Applause) 1 hand you over this conveyance Mr Mayor and I will only add two more lines to my speech and those are words which we may always lender A gee man never dies beyond thegitssof Death lo th) land of Glory (Much ap lause) '1 hs Mayor accepted the document and on behalf of the town most co liallv thanked Sir Joseph and Mr Arthur ise not merely as legal trustees but os th jso who hail rejoiced to rry out the wishes of a dear one After eulogising the memory of the late Mr Edward Pease his Wurshp handed to Lady Lymington a silver key with which to open the building ai which bore tho inscrintioo Public Library Presented to Viscount tss Lym'nzton 1 the Corporation of Dari ng on on the asioa of her opening the Pnblic Library iber 1885 Swenson Chairman of Com-mittte: Hoskins (Arplause) Lady Lymington accepted he key I must thank 501 Mr Mayor for this key which you have given me on behalf of the Corporate Having unlocked the door her Ladyship walked some distance into the vestibule of the Library and then returned to the steps Lady Lymington then said Ladies and You will I am sure beiieve that it gives me the very greatest pleasure to be here to day and to declare" this building open It was as yon know bequeathed to yon by my dear father and I teel sure that bis trustees my uncles have fulfilled Ills bequest entirely as he would have wished I have great pleasure in declaring the building open (Loud applause) VOTE OP THANKS TO IADY LYMINGTON Mr Steavenson chairman of the library Committee proposed a Tore of thanks to Lady Lym ngton for her kindness in coming there and taking epart in the opening ceremony of that magnificent building In the course of a few apnro priate observations he observed that unner the Free Act which they id adopted the library-rate could not exceed Id in the pound which upon the present rateable value of Darlington raised about £069 a year After paym nt of tho workin expenses they hoped to have something like £350 or £400 to invest in books 1 Hear hoar) Mr HOSKINS conded the proposed votb He remarked that Lady Lymington without doubt was the right woman in the right place tint day (Applause) The vote was accorded very cordially LOnD ymington returns thanks Viscount Lymington in responding on behalf of her Ladyship said lie had to thank them most heartily for tho very kind manner in which they had extended the vote of thanks He could truly say that that was a day which would always be looked upon by his wife with the deepest interest There were moment! in the lives of every one of us which left an impression so powerful and clear that years could hardly weaken them and no time could obliterate (Hear hear) 8nch he was suie would be this occasion Their thoughts that day were naturally drawn towards one with whom was associated his tonderest recollections in the past one who offered to them a great exainplo of a good and Godly life and one whose presence was still felt among them that day speaking as it di 1 to them in the beneficence of that grea: in-titution wiiich they were called upon that day tu commemorate (Applause) Perhaps they would allow him iu the course of his remarks to say something about the books which were to be the tenants ot tie shelves of the library (Haar bear) Books wore becoming more and more the only means by which great thinkers could give what was best to tlie public We heard a great ileal about the phrase the influence of the That phrase was one which hud always somewhat puzzled h'in He kuew nut what that influence precisely meant or what the Press was but 1 his he ventured to say that every day tnt-n were beginning to read the newspapers more for facts than for ideas (Hear hear) They saw that constantly and they also saw that local new-papers were taking the place of the London newspapers and this must become still more the case in the future He believed as that municipal life was engendered iu the country at large wh'ch was promised to us by both parties under the County Boari people would read more and more their lo al newspapers But there was this great distinction between newspapers and thitthe one was the result of the best of a brains and the other must of neccs ity be only the best means of making use of those brains under certain circumstances The one was complete the other of necessity must be partial and ephemeral ami that was why if we look at some of the greatest social movements in this and we were perhaps marching out of a political into a social chapter in the we would find that those movements which had stirred men minds so deeply and hail produced such great results were tho outcome of books such as in the case of the French Revolution of Rousseau the Puritan movement of John Miltonl and the great ecclesiastical movement of Cardina Newman But he was afraid to many of ua books had appsared only to bo rather dead things in stiff covers which had nothing of human interest about them which cared not for the toil or for the pleasure which partook not of hill or the stubble-fields of the sun rise or the snn-tet of the cares or desirts of life If this were so if bookB would not speak to us when we spoke to them they would indeed be pqnr companions for human beings (Hear hear) Bathe venture 1 to say that a library ought to be a club of the best minde of all time (Applause) We must remember that books spoke to ns in the first person instead of the big adopted by the editor of a newspaper or a reviewer We had in Shakespeare a man who was thoroughly acquainted with human nature he wae able to enter into the manhood of people farthest away from him people with whom he had had least to do Shakespeare had shown himself to be a true friend to us he had heloed us not only to know the past history of our country the land and its people but he had told us of human character of the people whom we were meeting in every-day life If he (Lord Lymington) was not wearying them (cries of "Go on would say a few words to prove the friendship of books having regard to Milton Milton wa 1 perhaps tha greatest literary writer who produced the greatest political and social consequences There was no man who had so set before us who had so impressed the public mind with the grandeur of great aims In every line of the poem Samson Agnnstes" in which ho had interpreted the playwright of the Greeks moat exquisitely by his knowledge of the Scriptures the man himself spoke he himself transferred ns to the presence of Samson and there he pleaded for and sympathised with human nature for that great infirmity of blindness which was the affliction of his life Milton had also this he showed the true epirit of genius by begetting life-warmth and kindling enthusiasm in every one who had read those pages If there was poetry in a poem it must be iu the (hear hear) it must be in the poet not because he was a stone or a rock but because he was a living and a Buffering man (Applause) Lot him take another case to prove the friendship of books via that of Cowper However we might estimate his poetry it was the poetry and the language of a gentleman and a scholar characteristic was that he not only sympathised with his readers but he asked his hearers to sympathise with him They all knew of the terrible tragedy which wa? at the bottom of his life and which a the shadows of evening closed around him grew more terrible They remembered the hopeless lines which he wrote and how his deathbed was described by his nephew who saw playing about the features of Cowper after his death a beautiful and holy smile which seemed to show that visions of the future had appeared to him now that he had pierced the impenetrable veil of the present In all the great writers of the past we were dealing with living men' He had said that a library was society a club of the best minds of all times Let him say one word more with regard to the great educational value of books We often heard at the present day of the advantage of special journals or newspapers to represent the desires and of oertnin classes It had often been remarked how advantageous it would be to establish a paper which would represent the feelings of the working classes With all due deference he protested against that and for this reason In the first place the working classes were so much the stuff and the life of the country that no one journal or newspaper could represent their feelings (Hoar hear) It could only represent a faction and not the most serious and the deepest feeling even of that faction but only their superficial feelings at moments of temporary excitement But he objected to any proposal of that kind and to the tendency of to-day In this desire of the working classes to have their own opinions represented they re copying a wish and a desire which made the upper classes weak They were weak and did not expand because they were so fond of having their own maxims repeated to them Instead of wishing for teachers who should teach them other greater or nobler things they were constantly seeking teachers who should put them in good humour with themselves He hoped and believed that the ambition of the working classes was different that as bad been well said they did not wish to live on their knees but to acauire a nobler and better life These treasures of tne mind of which he had been speaking were the inheritance of poverty perhaps oftener than of wealth All could share ana partake of them and the working classes in so doing doing what was beat (or themselves and (or the SATURDAY OCTOBER 2h 18S5 RECOGNISING RESPONSIBILITIES The opening of a Free Library must of necessity be a circumstance of considerable importance and Darlington was justified yesterday in holding high holiday in honour of such an event Like many another place the town which is serio comically called by people whe have no sense of the ludicrous Athens of South Durham had resolutely refused to adopt the Free Libraries Acts its inhabitants emphatically said No But when the Trustees of the late Mr Edward Pease generously offered to build and fit-up such a Library if the burgesses would adopt it as their own and keep it up opposition naturally ended and ceremony was the sequel Like most other social subjects there is a good deal to be said against Free Libraries as well as in their favour but so far as Darlington is concerned all the adverse arguments were put out of court by an act of generosity on the part of what it is the fashion in certain schools of thought to sneer at as the dead and by the wise application of those gentlemen to whom Mr Edward Pease entrusted the earrying-out of his wishes Hull Edinburgh Glasgow Westminster these and other large centres of population still refuse to rate themselves in order that thd many may read works of fiction and the few consult books of reference and dip into works published at a prohibitive price but the Skcrneside borough had such an offer as only imbecility would refuse and it was promptly accepted As we have before said the building is most admirably adapted for its purposes all that skill wealth experience and research could yield-up to produce perfection were pressed into service it will remain throughout time we trust a monument alike to the liberality of the much-beloved dead donor and the practical wisdom of his two administering relatives It was a happy thought originally suggested in these columns we believe to get Mr Edward only child to perform the opening ceremony and as she has lately become the wife of a Viscount the presence of her husband shed a welcome glory upon the scene For the British public dearly love a Lord and none more so than your ramping Radical The aristooarcy may be railed against by such in th abstract mention of the House of Lords may provoke his howls when is in the air But place a Peer in front of him put his Lordship up to speak to him and the simply effaces himself looking-on with an awestruck air which strangely contrasts with his every-day Equality outcries In this and in other ways is it proved that natural leaders of the people are the cultured classes that Viscount Lymington therefore had a hearty reception from all classes yesterday his scholarly address from the steps of the Library and his clear-cut sentences subsequently proving that the future Earl of Portsmouth adds brains to birth and is admirably fitted to adorn his high position The concluding ceremony then iu connection with this Free Library gift to the town of Darlington was well worthy of its conception and execution After all however it is only just that some of the enormous profits which the members of the Pease Family have derived from their various industrial undertakings should be given-up for the benefit of their poorer neighbours While humble workers throughout long years painfully toiled for pence the employers pocketed pounds until the aggregate of the thus-acquired wealth amounted to more than a million and a-half sterling It is of course kind and considerate of the possessors of all this Money to (as they do) "do gbod and distribute selfish souls would either hoard it up in order to pass it on upon the condemned entail and primogeniture principle or squander it in self-indulgence and wickedly Bjit while we unhesitatingly join in earned eulogy-chorus and say to every praise-sentence that was uttered it ought not to be forgotten that Money as well as Land has its duties in addition to its rights and that when trade-profits have swollen to such an enormous extent in one Family partly by thrift and partly by careful management it is hnt a plain duty to give a bonus as it were to the masses by whose help such grand results were achieved While therefore we repeat the praise poured over the donor and his surviving relatives yesterday because of this Free Library gift and gladly give credit for the generosity and the kindly feelings which it discloses we would at the same time hint at the per the abiding debt which Wealth owes to Poverty and remind all concerned that to whom much is given much is also required in other than the Biblical sense especially where the is largely the direct result of the exertions of men aud women who were comparatively speaking poorly paid whilst the pile was being reared Darlington and its district owe much to the Family of which Sir Joseph Pease is the honoured head but at the same time the Family also owe very much in return And interesting ceremony may be regarded as a frank acknowledgment of this fact Long may such kindly relationships continue and would that more of the men with much Money recognised their purse responsilities to the poor in the same way In order to give as much news as possible this morning we withhold our Election Notes and several Letters We have also used much smaller type as will he Been A sends 2a Gd for the fund Mr Settle secretary of Stockton Hospital acknowledges receipt of £7 9s from the Moor Steel and Iron workmen Twenty three of the men employed at Messrs Bolckow Vaughan and colliery at Bin-chester have received notice to terminate their engagements Henry Bellamy described as a vendor of patent medicines" was at Loftus yesterday fined £1 2s for using foul and profane language in the market place At West Hartlepool yesterday William Roy a travelling tailor was fined £1 or three weeks for stealing a pair of boots the property of Alexander Sharp compositor a fellow-lodger in Rokeby-street At a crowded public meeting at Chilton on Thursday night a resolution was passed calling upon the School Board to re-instate Mr A Forbes as schoolmaster he having been removed from that position several months ago against the wishes of the majority of the parents and ratepayers Weardale Board of At meeting it was reported that the assistant overseer and collector of Stanhope had not sent in his monthly statement and it was decided to write him a sharp letter complaining of his negligence The new vagrant wards were ordered to be opened at once At a meeting of National school managers held in Whitby the Rector presiding it was resolved to take steps for the enlargement of St Schools so as to avoid the possible risk of a School Board for the township of Ruswarp The West End Rooms have been taken by the committee temporarily as an infant school THE OPENING CEREMONY YESTERDAY ADDRESSES BY LD LYMINGTON MP SIR JOSEPH PEASE P- MR ARTHUR PEASE MP MR DAVID DALE Yesterday the new Public Library at Darlington which owes its origin and existence to the munificence of the late Mr Edward Pease of Green croft who bequeathed £10000 to be devoted to educational purposes in his native town was opened yesterday by Viscountess Lymington daughter of the testator in the presence of an immense assemblage DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING The building has been designed by Mr George Gordon Hoskins FRIBA of Darlington and carried out under his personal supervision The style of architecture is Renaissance of an admirable type The structural materials employed have been red pressed br cks from Grosmont near Whitby red stone partly from Dufton Quarries Westmoreland and partly from Newbiggin Quarry near Carlisle and pitcb pine timber The west elevation (Crown-street) as a frontage of about 103 feet and the north elevation (East street) of about 92 feet The main entrance is at the junction of these two elevations at the north-west angle and is made conspicuous by a handsome cable which cuts off and thus destroys the severity of a right angle this object being further attained by a well proportioned parch in the stone tympanum of which is some heraldic carving of a very chaste character representing the Borough arms with its motto Fioreat and the arms of the Pease familv with its motto Pax et On the keystone of the arch is displayed the head of Minerva the goddess of learning and above it her head is the owl with its right claw upon an open volume Entering by this porch we pass through swing doors glazed with stained glass in a handsome oval aimed vestibule and from thence to what be termed the public lobby which gives diect access to the various looms comprising the butidng The gene al effect here is very striking the large area of marble mosaic pavement in the centre of which st Is a white marble lU3t of the late donor on a black marble pedestal on which is cast a soft mellow and aleady lit from the large octagonal ceiling light filed in with painted glass The bn alluded to is the work of Mr Frank PriestmanDarlington and considering he is had to obtain the portraiture by the aid of photographs only he is to be highly congratulated on the result of his artistic labours An inscription on the pedestal reads as follows Public Library was erected out of the monies bequeathed for the purpose by the late Edward Pease E9q of Greencroft West in this town and of Bewdley in the county of Worcester for the convenience enjoyment and mental improvement of the burgesses and other inhabitants of this his native place The corner stone was laid on Wednesday 4th June 1881 The Library was opened to the public with 10500 volumes on Friday the 23rd day of October 1885 This bust was erected by voluntary Before leaving the lobby we must notice the large screen which divides the lobby from the lending library In the tympanum of this the whole of which is tilled in with painted a is a very beautiful group of three figures which is a tine conception of the architect and most satisfactorily carried out from his drawings by Mr Atkinson of Newcastle-on-Tyne The figures in this group are treated as statuary in the centre is a female figure illustrative of on her right is a male figure in whose right hand appears the old wool comb whilst his left arm rests upon three flute On the left the central figure is another male figure exhibiting a model of No 1 engine and holding in his right hand a pair of compasses These male figures are at once recognised as representing two early industries of Darlington They are beautifully posed and the central figure to which they are earnestly gazing is vey dignified and most artistically treated Passing through the swing doors in the screen we find ourselves in the Lending Library which measures about 57 feet by 26 feet This is admirably lighted from the roof which is partly open timbered The librarian's desk is immediately in front of the entrance and by an arrangement of glass panelled doors the librarian or his assistant is enabled to see every person who enters not only the lobby but those going into tie Reading Rooms and Reference Library Running south from one side of the librarians' desk to a length of 43 feet and from the other side of his desk running est for about 12 feet are the indicators for 24000 volumes which enables borrowers to ascertain at a glance without troubling the librarian whether or not the jobs they may require are or The remainder of the furniture in this room consists of specially designed bookcases etc capable of holding 32000 volumes These are arranged in capital order utilising the floor space to the greatest advantage In this apartment is hung a comprehensive map of Darlington which has been presented to the library by Mr Cowper Cain ana which will be found of great use especially to strangers Leaving this room either by he way of the large screen and Public Lobby or direct by a glazed door on the west side of the room we reach the General Reading Room This noble apartment measures 51 feet by it feet and is otherwise well proportioned and admirably treated as regards its structure and artistic details This room in the opinion of many is the room of the building Leaving it and crossing the lobby we reach the Reference Library which measures 36 feet by 29 feet The next feature which claims our attention is one which we believe exists in only one other public library in the United Kingdom and that is at Nottingham viz Ladies Reading Room for the exclusive use of ladies with every convenience in the way of lavatory arrangements This room is the first on the right on entering the public lobby and is well lighted by two windows looking west (Crown-street) In the same position on the north as this room occupies on the west occurs a Committee or Room The whole of the rooms throughout the building are laid with a patent noiseless cork carpet The heating and ventilating have received the utmost care and attention of the architect and have been carried out on the most perfect and modern principles by Messrs Haden and Son of Trowbridge and Manchester The contractors for the various works have been as follow Excavators bricklayers and work Messrs and McKenzie Darlington carpenters and joiner's work and the whole of the furniture and fittings in the lending library Mr Snaith Darlington work Messrs George Pattison and Son Darlington work Mr Ormerod Carlisle plumber's gasfitter's and bell work Mr Thomas Lishman Darlington wrought iron palisading and other ironwork Mr Win Liddlel Darlington Heating and ventilating Messrs Haden and Sous Trowbridge and Manchester staining varnishing and general painting Messrs and Hoskins Darlington all furniture and fittings in general reading room reference library room and committee room the North of England School Furnishing Company (Limited) Darlington external stone carving Mr Margetson Chelsea London who has executed the work at the Royal Court of Justice under the late Mr Street stained and painted glass Mr Atkinson Newcastle-on-Tyne marble mosaic pavement Mr James Nelson Carlisle gas fittings Mr Hodkinson of the Fine Art Metal Work Coventry patent noiseless cork carpet Messrs Bainbridge and Co Newcastle
THE PROCESSION At 12 15 a procession moved fr the Town Hall in the following order Rifle Volunteer Band The Police Force under Superintendent Rogers and Inspectors Go diurfn and Dobson The Fire Biigade in command of Captain Bowman The Me ml era of the Institute and a number of townsmen Borough and County Mr Wilson-Todd Mr W A Cooler Mr T McLachlan Mr A Luck Dr Fothergill Mr David Dale Mr Alfred Backhouse Mr Fry The Library Mr Theodore West Mr Haro Mr Harbottle Mr Thomas Eden Mr Morrell the Librarian (Mr Burgoyne) Officers of the The Deputy Town Clerk Mr Newby Watson Borough Surveyor Mr Thomas Smith Borough Accountant Mr Armitage Medical Officer Dr Lawrence Gas Manager Mr Smith Jonathan Dresser Pease Foggitt Robinson Harding Mossom A Hitching Sedwick Marshall Burnside Wilkes Thompson Elgie Garthwaite Barron A Pease The vicar of Darlington (Rev Hodgson) and the Rev Davis The Mayor of Middlesbrough (Mr Wilson) and the Town Clerk (Mr Bainbridge) The Mayor of Stockton (Mr Hind) and the Town Clerk (Mr Dodds) The Mayor of Hartlepool (Mr Rawlings) and the Town Clerk (Mr Belk Mr A Pease MP Mr Fry MP the ex-Mayor (Mr Steavenson) and the architect (Mr Hoskins) mace- Bearer Donnis The Mayor (Mr Hodgkin) the Town Clerk (Mr Hugh Dunn) Viscount Lymington MP and Sir Pease Bart MP OPENING CEREMONY The procession walked to the Public Library by way of Prebend Bow Northgate and Crown-street and a very large crowd speedily assembled it being estimated that there wero ten thousand spectators of the opening ceremony Portions of the Library had been barricaded off and admission within the barriers was by ticket Among the general company here assembled we observed the Mayoress Lady Pease Mr Thomas Hodgkin DCL Newcastle brother of the Mayor Sir Henry Havelock-Allan Bart Lady Havelock-AIlan and Miss Havelock-Allan Mr Isaac Wilson MP Mr Henry Fell Pease Mr Hamlyn barrister and son-in-law of Sir Joseph Pease Mrs Arthur Pease Mrs Fry Mrs Pease Mrs Gurney Pease Mrs Butler Mr John Hitching Mrs Steavenson Mr and Mrs A Pease Pinchingthorpe Mr Lloyd Pease Mr Harold Pease Mr JP Fry the Misses Barron Mr Leslie Mr Tnmer Mr Wilmot Dr Middlemias Mr Pearson Dr Manson Mr Robson Rev Grey Richardson Mr Bowman Mr Brooks Rev Boyden Rev Wingell Rev Stephen Mr Pratt Mr Ormerod Carlisle Mr Mounsey Mr Bell Mr Haggeratone librarian at Newcastle Ac Ac Viscount and Viscountess Lymington the Mayor Sit Joseph Pease and Mr Arthur Pease having taken up a position on the steps of the library The Vicar offered Prayer Sir Joseph Pease on behalf of Mr Arthur Pease HP and himself then proceed"
There's a Subscriber born every minute. editorial board.
Vancouver, Pulp Press, 1 march 1976. [12oo copies].
4 pp printed, offset with rubberstamp addition to front cover. 5-1/2 x 8-1/2, leaflet.
prose by J.Stephen Osborne, Norbert Ruebsaat; poetry by Dan Dougherty, Charles Tidler.
1o.oo
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AD Miss Fortune vs AP Miss Fortune full build - outplays vs pentakill ( lol - league of legends montage ) Help me reach 100,000 subscribers. Thank you! Runes : AD vs AP ( Arcane Comet ) credit :https://ift.tt/2sw9aII ift.tt/2K8LuSM plays.tv/u/Ruks ift.tt/2He1PCY ift.tt/2Geemdg ift.tt/2B9mvKP ift.tt/2D0tFBG ift.tt/2D0tDK4 ift.tt/2xv40hr ift.tt/2sw92ZK ift.tt/2sqYZpV ift.tt/2sw9eYY ift.tt/2kJUmTi ift.tt/2HdfElo ift.tt/2sqZ0tZ ift.tt/2Hb3WaR ift.tt/2kJUr9y ift.tt/2sw9hUE ift.tt/2sw9hUE ift.tt/2kJUpys plays.tv/u/Tnx ift.tt/2sByjlm ift.tt/2kGF7KX ift.tt/2sw9iYI ift.tt/2sqZ1y3 Music : Aero Chord & Anuka - Incomplete (T-Mass Remix) [NCS Release] Jo Cohen & Sex Whales - Run Away (feat. Lusil) [NCS Release Killabyte - Wicked Ways (feat. Danyka Nadeau) [NCS Release] Watch more videos 🔔TOP 50 ULTIMATE COMBO : www.youtube.com/watch?v=Shbun5zqo4U 🔔TOP 30 ONE FOR ALL 2013-2016 : www.youtube.com/watch?v=4thEJSBwHmU 🔔TOP 50 "1vs1 OUTPLAYS EVER" : www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXxwSOcVeQM 🔔BEST PRO SAVES : www.youtube.com/watch?v=CTm6Inle4Js 🔔1 HP YOU CAN OUTPLAY : www.youtube.com/watch?v=ySZZyTzFbnw 🔔HUGE JINX ULT ONE SHOT : www.youtube.com/watch?v=c0RwQxD8dME 🔔RIVEN FULL COMBO ULTIMATES : www.youtube.com/watch?v=HvQABqPcCng 🔔DARIUS PERFECT COMBOS : www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6ru4zKd2K4 🔔200 IQ BAIT : www.youtube.com/watch?v=dWfnUvJaf70 🔔BEST PRO SNIPES : www.youtube.com/watch?v=CYbsBbDdDsA 🔔LUX ULTS -200 IQ : www.youtube.com/watch?v=yV-LJUFc5so 🔔BOX BOX 😎 The king of RIVEN : www.youtube.com/watch?v=KIq_joGp9Eo 🔔VIDEO FOR FAKER FANS : www.youtube.com/watch?v=R_lr13nN03g 🔔LEGENDS NEVER DIE : www.youtube.com/watch?v=wgqR8J-z2h4 🔔ONESHOT "Only 0.00 Seconds" : www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fo83nj6YNMk 🔔OUTPLAYS With STOPWATCH : www.youtube.com/watch?v=zLBC3lzRnSs 🔔ADC 2018 : www.youtube.com/watch?v=ViIxIz84xSM Thank for watching ! ☛ If a video I have influence, or influence the company, individual or organization please inform me. We will consider carefully and oppressive conduct, edit or remove it immediately. youtu.be/_wAEXfCeomI
With my absolute apologies for the fruity language in the quote, here's my first, published photograph on the cover of Scottish Outdoors Magazine, March 2014 Subscriber Edition. Thanks to Stefan's bottom (featured) for earning me money in this shot :) Original here: flic.kr/p/av9tcF
Succumbing to the pressure of his subscribers, Dragonax loses his sanity and begins his path of mindless destruction.
MANGULA - Violet Set (Long and short + heels) available in the store as a free subscriber gift.
maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Mangula/148/126/22
Blogged here: deliciousdollz.fashion.blog/2020/09/13/mangula-violet-set/
BODY AND ACCESSORIES
GENUS - strong head (group gift - previous notices)
MILA - Aggie skin - dark tones (group gift inworld)
TAMELESS HAIR - Harlie Natural tones
CHEAP & CHIC - Love and Death Ink - BOM (group gift instore)
IDTTY - Mystic Falls Ink - BOM
TAOX - Belly Butterfly Ink - BOM (dollarbie Marketplace)
EUPHORIC - Hizma nose piercing (Dollarbie marketplace)
ELIYA - Unisex V Septum ring (dollarbie Marketplace)
eBODY - Curvy
Here is Lok's May Subscriber Gift, 18 pictures from Puerto Rico! Including 3 panoramics. Get them here: maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Low%20Prim%20Furniture/128...
Thank you guys so much for 350 subscribers!! You guys are the best and if anyone here on flickr is not already subscribed feel free to do so if you'd like! youtube.com/kitfistonator
July 2015, moderators on Reddit "took down," "made private," and "blacked out" their communities to advocate for better communication and software from the company.
I'm currently interviewing Reddit moderators to learn more about your experience as a moderator and your experience of the blackout. If you're interested to talk, message me on Reddit at /u/natematias.
This graph, part of my summer research at Microsoft Research, shows networks of shared moderation among subreddits with more than 10,128 subscribers (not including NSFW subs), as sampled in June 2015. Ties between subreddits represent moderators shared between two communities.
In this graph, blue-tinted subreddits did not black out, while yellow-tinted subreddits joined the blackout.
This chart is laid out using the ForceAtlas layout, which in this case separated out some of the more prominent subreddit networks, including the ImaginaryNetwork and the "SFW Porn" Network. These networks are notable because some of them made network-wide decisions about their participation in the blackout.
CHSH Download Club subscribers can download this unit @ www.christianhomeschoolhub.com/downloads.htm?a=&act=v...
Types of poetry covered: Acrostic, Diamante, Haiku, Limerick, Monorhyme, Cinquain, Minute, Tanka and Shape
From A6610: A collection of Australian badges for commemorative and community fund raising initiatives mostly in the Newcastle and Hunter Regions 1930s-1950s
The Orange County Register provided an inspiring glimpse of companies who do right by their employees at the 12th Annual O.C. Top Workplaces Awards, held Thursday, December 12, at the City National Grove of Anaheim.
The dinner celebration brought together over 600 executives from many of the 140 top-performing companies doing business in Orange County.
Guests attending the reception received advance copies of the annual Top Workplaces magazine at the close of the event. Subscribers of The Orange County Register received the magazine with their newspaper on December 12.
Many thanks to all of our Top Workplaces partners and valued sponsors!
Canal Youtube Video Street photography.
Pensando en el gran EDWUARD HOPPER.
XXIII Salón del Manga de Barcelona.
Rincones que hace el mar; calas.
Made in Austria, people and landscapes.
Lalita, un icono de cariño, compañía y bondad.
Arte y forja en L'Espluga de Francolí, (Tarragona).
Cuando murió su amada pensó en hacerse viejo. (A. Machado).
Una ruta por Mura, (Barcelona).
Con mis fotografías pretendo captar el momento o mejor dicho, un “momento” de la vida.
Si esto causa malestar a los protagonistas de mis imágenes, no tengo ningún inconveniente en retirarlas si lo manifiestan; así como enviarle una copia vía e-mail si me lo hacen llegar.
Submitter's Name: redrose Blackheart
Business or Organization Name: Bee the Best
SLURL:
maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Rannveig/240/123/37
Website(s):
Type of Business, Organization, Products and/or Services:
Bee the Best: An easy accessible group and place to receive free hints, tips & tricks about a various things in sl. I have started this so everyone has access to free information that may help you to become better in what you do. Hosts, club-owners, store-owners, models, everyone can use information or helpful tricks.
How to get all the information you want? Come down at the office, on the displays you find the Subjects, click the subject you want to get information and a menu will pop-up. Select all the notecards you want to have and click Deliver. It is that easy!
Which Subscriber Kiosk products do you use:
Combo pro package (Master + remotes)
SK Greeter
SK SISbox
Mailbox plus
TC kiosk (still need to work that system out though)
Describe how Subscriber Kiosk helps you manage your business or organization:
Both groups I started just recently (august 2014). A couple of years ago I had my own club which was open 24/7. However, I have been out of Sl fro a couple of years so I was a bit out of it. Luckily I met Aerielle and she helped me select the good products I need. She advised and helped setting it all up and it works like a charm. I want to thank Fred for making such wonderful products and I want to thank Aerielle for being such a fantastic support. The products help me with everything I wanted it to do. Welcoming people, gathering them in the mailing-list and the SISbox is the perfect system to hand out the information that Bee the Best is all about.
This is Millennium Place, which I made to commemmorate reaching 1000 YouTube Subscribers on 13th March 2020. Ref: D1639-028
Hanoi; Vietnamese: Hà Nội is the capital of Vietnam and the country's second largest city. Its population in 2009 was estimated at 2.6 million for urban districts and 6.5 million for the metropolitan jurisdiction. From 1010 until 1802, it was the most important political centre of Vietnam. It was eclipsed by Huế, the imperial capital of Vietnam during the Nguyễn Dynasty (1802–1945), but Hanoi served as the capital of French Indochina from 1902 to 1954. From 1954 to 1976, it was the capital of North Vietnam, and it became the capital of a reunified Vietnam in 1976, after the North's victory in the Vietnam War.
The city lies on the right bank of the Red River. Hanoi is 1,760 km north of Ho Chi Minh City and 120 km west of Hai Phong city.
October 2010 officially marked 1000 years since the establishment of the city. The Hanoi Ceramic Mosaic Mural is a 4 km ceramic mosaic mural created to mark the occasion.
NAMES
Hanoi (河內) has had many names throughout history. During the Chinese occupation of Vietnam, it was known first as Long Biên, then Tống Bình (宋平, "Song Peace") and Long Đỗ (龍肚, "Dragonbelly"). In 866, it was turned into a citadel and named Đại La (大羅, "Big Net"). During the Lê dynasty, Hanoi was known as Đông Kinh (東京, "Eastern Capital"); this gave the name to Tonkin.
HISTORY
Pre-Thăng Long period
Hanoi has been inhabited since at least 3000 BC. The Cổ Loa Citadel in Dong Anh district served as the capital of the Âu Lạc kingdom founded by the Shu emigrant Thục Phán after his 258 BC conquest of the native Văn Lang.
In 197 BC, Âu Lạc Kingdom was annexed by Nanyue, which ushered in more than a millennium of Chinese domination. By the middle of the 5th century, in the center of ancient Hanoi, the Liu Song Dynasty set up a new district (縣) called Songping (Tong Binh), which later became a commandery (郡), including two districts Yihuai (義懷) and Suining (綏寧) in the south of the Red River (now Từ Liêm and Hoài Đức districts) with a metropolis (the domination centre) in the present inner Hanoi. By the year 679, the Tang dynasty changed the region's name into Annan (Pacified South), with Songping as its capital.
In order to defeat the people’s uprisings, in the later half of the 8th century, Zhang Boyi (張伯儀), a Tang dynasty viceroy, built Luocheng (羅城, La Thanh or La citadel, from Thu Le to Quan Ngua in present-day Ba Dinh precinct). In the earlier half of the 9th century, it was further built up and called Jincheng (金城, Kim Thanh or Kim Citadel). In 866, Gao Pian, the Chinese Jiedushi, consolidated and named it Daluocheng (大羅城, Dai La citadel, running from Quan Ngua to Bach Thao), the then-largest citadel of ancient Hanoi.
Thăng Long, Đông Đô, Đông Quan, Đông Kinh
In 1010, Lý Thái Tổ, the first ruler of the Lý Dynasty, moved the capital of Đại Việt to the site of the Đại La Citadel. Claiming to have seen a dragon ascending the Red River, he renamed the site Thăng Long (昇龍, "Soaring Dragon") - a name still used poetically to this day. Thăng Long remained the capital of Đại Việt until 1397, when it was moved to Thanh Hóa, then known as Tây Đô (西都), the "Western Capital". Thăng Long then became Đông Đô (東都), the "Eastern Capital."
In 1408, the Chinese Ming Dynasty attacked and occupied Vietnam, changing Đông Đô's name to Dongguan (Chinese: 東關, Eastern Gateway), or Đông Quan in Sino-Vietnamese. In 1428, the Vietnamese overthrew the Chinese under the leadership of Lê Lợi, who later founded the Lê Dynasty and renamed Đông Quan Đông Kinh (東京, "Eastern Capital") or Tonkin. Right after the end of the Tây Sơn Dynasty, it was named Bắc Thành (北城, "Northern Citadel").
During Nguyễn Dynasty and the French colonial period
In 1802, when the Nguyễn Dynasty was established and moved the capital to Huế, the old name Thăng Long was modified to become Thăng Long (昇龍, "Soaring Dragon"). In 1831, the Nguyễn emperor Minh Mạng renamed it Hà Nội (河内, "Between Rivers" or "River Interior"). Hanoi was occupied by the French in 1873 and passed to them ten years later. As Hanoï, it became the capital of French Indochina after 1887.
DURING TWO WARS
The city was occupied by the Japanese in 1940 and liberated in 1945, when it briefly became the seat of the Viet Minh government after Ho Chi Minh proclaimed the independence of Vietnam. However, the French returned and reoccupied the city in 1946. After nine years of fighting between the French and Viet Minh forces, Hanoi became the capital of an independent North Vietnam in 1954.
During the Vietnam War, Hanoi's transportation facilities were disrupted by the bombing of bridges and railways. These were all, however, promptly repaired. Following the end of the war, Hanoi became the capital of a reunified Vietnam when North and South Vietnam were reunited on July 2, 1976.
MODERN HANOI
On May 29, 2008, it was decided that Hà Tây Province, Vĩnh Phúc Province's Mê Linh District and 4 communes of Lương Sơn District, Hòa Bình Province be merged into the metropolitan area of Hanoi from August 1, 2008. Hanoi's total area then increased to 334,470 hectares in 29 subdivisions with the new population being 6,232,940., effectively tripling its size. The Hanoi Capital Region (Vùng Thủ đô Hà Nội), a metropolitan area covering Hanoi and 6 surrounding provinces under its administration, will have an area of 13,436 square kilometres with 15 million people by 2020
Hanoi has experienced a rapid construction boom recently. Skyscrapers, popping up in new urban areas, have dramatically changed the cityscape and have formed a modern skyline outside the old city. In 2015, Hanoi is ranked # 39 by Emporis in the list of world cities with most skyscrapers over 100 m; its two tallest buildings are Hanoi Landmark 72 Tower (336m, tallest in Vietnam and second tallest in Southeast Asia after Malaysia's Petronas Twin Towers) and Hanoi Lotte Center (272m, also second tallest in Vietnam)
GEOGRAPHY
LOCATION - TOPOGRAPHY
Hanoi is located in northern region of Vietnam, situated in the Vietnam’s Red River delta, nearly 90 km away from the coastal area. Hanoi contains three basic kind of terrain, which are the delta area, the midland area and mountainous zone. In general, the terrain is gradually lower from the north to the south and from the west to the east, with the average height ranging from 5 to 20 meters above the sea level. The hills and mountainous zones are located in the northern and western part of the city. The highest peak is at Ba Vi with 1281 m, located in the western part of the region.
CLIMATE
Hanoi features a warm humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa) with plentiful precipitation. The city experiences the typical climate of northern Vietnam, with 4 distinct seasons. Summer, from May until August, is characterized by hot and humid weather with abundant rainfall. September to October is fall, characterized by a decrease in temperature and precipitation. Winter, from November to January, is dry and cool by national standards. The city is usually cloudy and foggy in winter, averaging only 1.5 hours of sunshine per day in February.
Hanoi averages 1,680 millimetres of rainfall per year, the majority falling from May to September. There are an average of 114 days with rain.
The average annual temperature is 23.6 °C with a mean relative humidity of 79%. The highest recorded temperature was 42.8 °C on May 1926 while the lowest recorded temperature was 2.7 °C on January 1955.
ADMINISTRATIVES DIVISIONS
Hà Nội is divided into 12 urban districts, 1 district-leveled town and 17 rural districts. When Ha Tay was merged into Hanoi in 2008, Hà Đông was transformed into an urban district while Sơn Tây degraded to a district-leveled town. They are further subdivided into 22 commune-level towns (or townlets), 399 communes, and 145 wards.
DEMOGRAPHICS
Hanoi's population is constantly growing (about 3.5% per year), a reflection of the fact that the city is both a major metropolitan area of Northern Vietnam, and also the country's political centre. This population growth also puts a lot of pressure on the infrastructure, some of which is antiquated and dates back to the early 20th century.
The number of Hanoians who have settled down for more than three generations is likely to be very small when compared to the overall population of the city. Even in the Old Quarter, where commerce started hundreds of years ago and consisted mostly of family businesses, many of the street-front stores nowadays are owned by merchants and retailers from other provinces. The original owner family may have either rented out the store and moved into the adjoining house or moved out of the neighbourhood altogether. The pace of change has especially escalated after the abandonment of central-planning economic policies and relaxing of the district-based household registrar system.
Hanoi's telephone numbers have been increased to 8 digits to cope with demand (October 2008). Subscribers' telephone numbers have been changed in a haphazard way; however, mobile phones and SIM cards are readily available in Vietnam, with pre-paid mobile phone credit available in all areas of Hanoi.
ECONOMY
Hanoi has the highest Human Development Index among the cities in Vietnam. According to a recent ranking by PricewaterhouseCoopers, Hanoi will be the fastest growing city in the world in terms of GDP growth from 2008 to 2025. In the year 2013, Hanoi contributed 12.6% to GDP, exported 7.5% of total exports, contributed 17% to the national budget and attracted 22% investment capital of Vietnam. The city's nominal GDP at current prices reached 451,213 billion VND (21.48 billion USD) in 2013, which made per capita GDP stand at 63.3 million VND (3,000 USD). Industrial production in the city has experienced a rapid boom since the 1990s, with average annual growth of 19.1 percent from 1991–95, 15.9 percent from 1996–2000, and 20.9 percent during 2001–2003. In addition to eight existing industrial parks, Hanoi is building five new large-scale industrial parks and 16 small- and medium-sized industrial clusters. The non-state economic sector is expanding fast, with more than 48,000 businesses currently operating under the Enterprise Law (as of 3/2007).
Trade is another strong sector of the city. In 2003, Hanoi had 2,000 businesses engaged in foreign trade, having established ties with 161 countries and territories. The city's export value grew by an average 11.6 percent each year from 1996–2000 and 9.1 percent during 2001–2003. The economic structure also underwent important shifts, with tourism, finance, and banking now playing an increasingly important role. Hanoi's business districts are traditionally Hoàn Kiếm and the neighborhood; and a newly developing Cầu Giấy and Từ Liêm in the western part.
Similar to Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi enjoys a rapidly developing real estate market. The current most notable new urban areas are central Trung Hoa Nhan Chinh, Mỹ Đình, the luxurious zones of The Manor, Ciputra and Times City.
Agriculture, previously a pillar in Hanoi's economy, has striven to reform itself, introducing new high-yield plant varieties and livestock, and applying modern farming techniques.
Together with economic growth, Hanoi's appearance has also changed significantly, especially in recent years. Infrastructure is constantly being upgraded, with new roads and an improved public transportation system.
LANDMARKS
As the capital of Vietnam for almost a thousand years, Hanoi is considered one of the main cultural centres of Vietnam, where most Vietnamese dynasties have left their imprint. Even though some relics have not survived through wars and time, the city still has many interesting cultural and historic monuments for visitors and residents alike. Even when the nation's capital moved to Huế under the Nguyễn Dynasty in 1802, the city of Hanoi continued to flourish, especially after the French took control in 1888 and modeled the city's architecture to their tastes, lending an important aesthetic to the city's rich stylistic heritage. The city hosts more cultural sites than any other city in Vietnam, and boasts more than 1,000 years of history; that of the past few hundred years has been well preserved.
OLD QUARTER
The Old Quarter, near Hoàn Kiếm Lake, has the original street layout and architecture of old Hanoi. At the beginning of the 20th century the city consisted of only about 36 streets, most of which are now part of the old quarter. Each street then had merchants and households specializing in a particular trade, such as silk or jewelry. The street names nowadays still reflect these specializations, although few of them remain exclusively in their original commerce. The area is famous for its small artisans and merchants, including many silk shops. Local cuisine specialties as well as several clubs and bars can be found here also. A night market (near Đồng Xuân Market) in the heart of the district opens for business every Friday, Saturday, and Sunday evening with a variety of clothing, souvenirs and food.
Some other prominent places are: The Temple of Literature (Văn Miếu), site of the oldest university in Vietnam 1010; One Pillar Pagoda (Chùa Một Cột); Flag Tower of Hanoi (Cột cờ Hà Nội). In 2004, a massive part of the 900-year-old Hanoi Citadel was discovered in central Hanoi, near the site of Ba Đình Square.
LAKES
A city between rivers built from low land, Hanoi has many scenic lakes and is sometimes called "city of lakes." Among its lakes, the most famous are Hoàn Kiếm Lake, West Lake, and Bay Mau Lake (inside Thongnhat Park). Hoan Kiem Lake, also known as Sword Lake, is the historical and cultural center of Hanoi, and is linked to the legend of the magic sword. West Lake (Hồ Tây) is a popular place for people to spend time. It is the largest lake in Hanoi and there are many temples in the area. The lakeside road in the Nghi Tam - Quang Ba area is perfect for bicycling, jogging and viewing the cityscape or enjoying lotus ponds in the summer. The best way to see the majestic beauty of a Westlake sunset is to view it from one of the many bars around the lake, especially the Sofitel Plaza rooftop bar.
COLONIAL HANOI
Under French rule, as an administrative centre for the French colony of Indochina, the French colonial architecture style became dominant, and many examples remain today: the tree-lined boulevards (e.g. Phan Dinh Phung street) and its many villas and mansions, Grand Opera House, State Bank of Vietnam (formerly The Bank of Indochina), Presidential Palace (formerly the Palace of the Governor-General of French Indochina), St. Joseph's Cathedral, and the historic Hotel Metropole. Many of the colonial structures are an eclectic mixture of French and traditional Vietnamese architectural styles, such as the National Museum of Vietnamese History, the Vietnam National Museum of Fine Arts and the old Indochina Medical College. Gouveneur-Général Paul Doumer (1898-1902) played a crucial role in colonial Hanoi's urban planning. Under his tenure there was a major construction boom.
Critical historians of empire have noted that French colonial rule imposed a system of white supremacy on the city. Vietnamese subjects supplied labor and tax revenue, but the privileges and comforts of the city went to the white population. French efforts at rat eradication revealed some of the colonial city's racial double-standards.
MUSEUMS
Hanoi is home to a number of museums:
- National Museum of Vietnamese History
- Vietnam National Museum of Fine Arts
- Vietnam Museum of Ethnology
- Vietnam Museum of Revolution
- Hỏa Lò Prison (Hanoi Hilton)
- Ho Chi Minh Museum
- Hanoi Contemporary Arts Centre
- Vietnam Military History Museum
- Hanoi Museum
TOURISM
Hanoi is a very picturesque city, the leafy metropolis sometimes dubbed the "Paris of Asia." With its tree-fringed boulevards, more than two dozen lakes and thousands of French colonial-era buildings, Hanoi is a popular tourist attraction and one of only a few Asian capitals to retain its historic charm amid rapid modernization and population growth.
In 2015, Hanoi ranks #4 in TripAdvisor's list of the World's Best Destinations (Travellers' Choice).
And Hanoi is the most affordable international destination in TripAdvisor's annual TripIndex report. Created to help travelers plan and budget their summer holiday, the TripIndex looks at the average cost of a three-night trip in 60 key tourist cities around the world.
ENTERTAINMENT
A variety of options for entertainment in Hanoi can be found throughout the city. Modern and traditional theaters, cinemas, karaoke bars, dance clubs, bowling alleys, and an abundance of opportunities for shopping provide leisure activity for both locals and tourists. Hanoi has been named one of the top 10 cities for shopping in Asia by Water Puppet Tours. The number of art galleries exhibiting Vietnamese art has dramatically increased in recent years, now including galleries such as "Nhat Huy" of Huynh Thong Nhat.
A popular traditional form of entertainment is Water puppetry, which is shown, for example, at the Thăng Long Water Puppet Theatre."
CUISINE
Hanoi has rich culinary traditions. Many of Vietnam's most famous dishes, such as phở, chả cá, bánh cuốn and cốm are believed to have originated in Hanoi. Perhaps most widely known is Phở - a simple rice noodle soup often eaten as breakfast at home or at street-side cafes, but also served in restaurants as a meal. Two varieties dominate the Hanoi scene: Phở Bò, containing beef, and Phở Gà, containing chicken.
Vietnam's national dish phở has been named as one of the Top 5 streetfoods in the world by globalpost.
Hanoi has a number of restaurants whose menus specifically offer dishes containing dog, snake and various species of insects. Insect-inspired menus can be found at a number of restaurants in Khuong Thuong village, Hanoi. The signature dishes at these restaurant are those containing processed ant-eggs, often in the culinary styles of Thai people or Vietnam's Muong and Tay ethnic people.
EDUCATION
Hanoi, as the capital of French Indochina, was home to the first Western-style universities in Indochina, including: Indochina Medical College (1902) - now Hanoi Medical University, Indochina University (1904) - now Hanoi National University (the largest), and École Supérieure des Beaux-Arts de l'Indochine (1925) - now Hanoi University of Fine Art.
After the Communist Party took control over Hanoi in 1954 with support from the Soviet Union, many new universities were built, among them, Hanoi University of Technology, still the largest technical university in Vietnam. Recently ULIS (University of Languages and International Studies) was rated as one of the top universities in Southeast Asia for languages and language studies at the undergraduate level. Other universities that are not part of Vietnam National University or Hanoi University include Hanoi School for Public Health and Hanoi School of Agriculture.
Hanoi is the largest centre of education in Vietnam. It is estimated that 62% of the scientists in the whole country are living and working in Hanoi. Admissions to undergraduate study are through entrance examinations, which are conducted annually and open for everyone (who has successfully completed his/her secondary education) in the country. The majority of universities in Hanoi are public, although in recent years a number of private universities have begun operation. Thăng Long University, founded in 1988, by some Vietnamese mathematics professors in Hanoi and France is the first private university in Vietnam. Because many of Vietnam's major universities are located in Hanoi, students from other provinces (especially in the northern part of the country) wishing to enter university often travel to Hanoi for the annual entrance examination. Such events usually take place in June and July, during which a large number of students and their families converge on the city for several weeks around this intense examination period. In recent years, these entrance exams have been centrally coordinated by the Ministry of Education, but passing marks are decided independently by each university.
Although there are state owned kindergartens, there are also many private ventures that serve both local and international needs. Pre-tertiary (elementary and secondary) schools in Hanoi are generally state run, but there are also some independent schools. Education is equivalent to the K–12 system in the US, with elementary school between grades 1 and 5, middle school (or junior high) between grades 6 and 9, and high school from grades 10 to 12.
TRANSPORT
Hanoi is served by Noi Bai International Airport, located in the Soc Son District, approximately 15 km north of Hanoi. The new international terminal (T2), designed and built by Japanese contractors, opened in January 2015 and is a big facelift for Noibai International Airport. In addition, a new highway and the new Nhat Tan cable-stay bridge connecting the airport and the city center opened at the same time, offering much more convenience than the old road (via Thanglong bridge). Taxis are plentiful and usually have trip meters, although it is also common to agree on the trip price before taking a taxi from the airport to the city centre.
Hanoi is also the origin or departure point for many Vietnam Railways train routes in the country. The Reunification Express (tàu Thống Nhất) runs from Hanoi to Ho Chi Minh City from Hanoi station (formerly Hang Co station), with stops at cities and provinces along the line. Trains also depart Hanoi frequently for Hai Phong and other northern cities. The Reunification Express line was established during French colonial rule and was completed over a period of nearly forty years, from 1899 to 1936. The Reunification Express between Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City covers a distance of 1,726 km and takes approximately 33 hours. As of 2005, there were 278 stations on the Vietnamese railway network, of which 191 were located along the North-South line.
The main means of transport within Hanoi city are motorbikes, buses, taxis, and a rising number of cars. In recent decades, motorbikes have overtaken bicycles as the main form of transportation. The increased number of motorcycles can cause gridlock. To minimize this and the negative consequences for the environment and health, the local government is trying to increase public transportation. Public buses run on many routes and fares can be purchased on the bus, with very cheap prices (30 cents for a journey where a taxi might cost $10).
There are 2 metro lines under construction in Hanoi now. The first one is expected to be operational in 2016, the second in 2018
Persons on their own or traveling in a pair who wish to make a fast trip around Hanoi to avoid traffic jams or to travel at an irregular time or by way of an irregular route often use "xe ôm" (literally, "hug bike"). Motorbikes can also be rented from agents within the Old Quarter of Hanoi.
WIKIPEDIA
Sam was my 1st brand new (in box) American Girl doll that I purchased. I bought her together with Caroline in the spring of 2015. She's a beautiful doll and so iconic in the American Girl Historical collection.
Blog: www.cozycomfortsanddolls.blogsspot.com
IG: cozydollsag
Youtube:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBxWB5F9E1zICq4TeyD9dGw?view_as=subscriber
1960s newspaper advert by the GPO promoting STD using telephone 706 with shilling coin as the dial.
3 mins talking for 1/- (one shilling)
Tape blouse - main shop open (Fore) - Subscriber gift
slurl.com/secondlife/Osaka/238/211/21
The Sipowicz pants (Pig) - Good Shit Hunt
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Low heel pumps black (BlackOwl) - lucky board
Boater brown (BlackOwl) - group gift (notices)
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Free Kago bag (Zunda) SLMaMeMall - free
maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/SLMaMe%201/54/65/27
Elle skin fair (Belleza) - group gift (250L fee)
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Nettie hair beige (Rubisoho) - past lucky board