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Zur Abwechslung mal ein paar leckere Erdbeer Macarons. Ich weiss das ist nicht das Übliche was ich sonst fotografiere, aber ich dachte mir etwas Neues kann nicht schaden.
For a change, some delicious strawberry macarons. I know that's not the usual thing I photograph else, but I figured something new can not hurt.
Stillleben - Still-life
Cham Oberpfalz
Bayern (Bavaria) - Deutschland (Germany)
April 2016
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Matyasy réunit en une seule maison la pâtisserie, le traiteur, la chocolaterie, la confiserie et les glaces. D’abord un régal pour les yeux, le goût éclate en bouche. Le mariage des saveurs, des textures, des couleurs créent l’envie.
L’envie, d’un instant gourmand en solo ou à partager en famille ou entre amis. La signature Matyasy est une invitation aux plaisirs sucrés et salés.
J'aime beaucoup prendre des photos de nourriture également.
les macarons sont faits maison, les dragées proviennent de la Maison Rosière, voici l'histoire de cet établissement :
AUX SOURCES DE L'ORIENT
SANS DOUTE LES MEILLEURES DRAGÉES DU MONDE …
u début du XX° siècle, Agop ADJEMIAN et son épouse Philomène exercent le métier d'épicier-confiseur à Ankara en Anatolie turque. Ils y tiennent un salon de thé dont la solide réputation tient à la qualité de leurs douceurs et particulièrement de leurs confitures de roses …
En 1923, abandonnant tout, Agop et Philomène débarquent à Marseille et lancent leur nouvelle vie en confectionnant des confiseries orientales: Rahat Loukoum, sucettes, sucres d'orges, confitures, gommes, pralines, petits mimosas, etc …
En 1924, ils fondent la Confiserie A L'ARC-EN-CIEL avenue de la Petite Suisse dans le quartier de Beaumont, près de Saint Julien. Dans les années 30, ils s'installent au 16 avenue de la Rosière à Beaumont et habitent au-dessus de leur fabrique qui prend de l'essor.
En 1948, leurs deux fils Paul-Jean et Clément reprennent l'affaire. En cette période d'après-guerre, l'optimisme s'étend à la France toute entière et les mariages, baptêmes et communions se multiplient. Et les futurs mariés ou jeunes parents demandent des dragées.
Les deux frères créent alors la recette des dragées ROSIERE qui fera le succès de la Maison, à partir de la meilleure amande, l'Avola Princesse de Sicile, et d'une petite pointe de vanille de Madagascar. Ils gardent jalousement le secret des proportions … et parcourent la France avec leur mallette d'échantillons !
En 1969, Paul-Jean ADJEMIAN fait construire une nouvelle fabrique au numéro 5 avenue des Trois-Lucs, devenue avenue Fernandel en 1971, car le célèbre comédien résidait non loin de là, au numéro 138, à la Villa des 1 000 Roses. Certains prétendent même qu'il venait y goûter quelques dragées à ses heures perdues …
Depuis 2000, ROSIERE sélectionne les meilleurs produits et les meilleurs fournisseurs pour produire la recette unique et exclusive des dragées ROSIERE, et ces derniers sont bien souvent labélisés EPV (Entreprises du patrimoine Vivant).
Venez visiter notre boutique, où vous retrouverez quelques vieux outils encore imprégnés de l'odeur des confiseries … Et n'hésitez pas à nous transmettre vos archives témoignant de la présence des dragées ROSIERE dans les moments importants de l'histoire de vos familles !
plus d'information sur rosiere.fr/fr/10-dragees
A wider shot of ewes with views. Looking down Glen Lyon from Meall nan Subh. A very bright morning, liked the layers in this shot.
Dress: UNA. Cyrstal Dress (on The Crystal Heart Event)
Gloves: Caboodle - Zenko Kitsune Armwarmers (Gacha)
Epaulet: Sweet Thing. Broodmother Epaulet - RGB (Gacha)
Headband: *Sweet Kajira* Subh Crown & bracelet Old Gold
Shirt: {AS} Rekha Dupatta, Veils & Accessories: Jacquard Sand
Pants: lassitude & ennui Handstitched leather leggings
Rings: :ANDORE: - bento ring - Julia
Leg Warmers: *PROMAGIC* Chitra -Leg Warmers-BrownLeather (Gacha)
Boots: //R3D// Boots Runar
Hair: [monso] My Hair - Vicky
Bow w pose: Fashiowl - Archer
Three ewes look on from a rocky knoll overlooking Glen Lyon. The glens shoulders look quite faint in the morning haze. These sheep certainly have a huge area to graze.
SUBH KE KAHANI KIRNO KE ZE ZUBANI .life at first light of the day at Delhi Gate, inside the walled city of lahore .
Location: Old city, Dehli Gate, Lahore
English - Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year!
Afrikaans - Geseënde Kersfees en 'n gelukkige nuwe jaar! Geseënde Kersfees en 'n voorspoedige Nuwe jaar!
Akeanon - Maayad-ayad nga Paskwa! Mahigugmaon nga Bag-ong Dag-on kinyo tanan!
Albanian - Gëzuar Krishtlindjet e Vitin e Ri!
Aleut - Kamgan Ukudigaa!
Alsatian - E güeti Wïnâchte un e gleckichs Nej Johr!
Amharic - Melkam Gena! Melkam Addis Amet!
Apache (Western) - Gozhqq Keshmish!
Arabic (Modern Standard)أجمل التهاني بمناسبة الميلاد و حلول السنة الجديدة
(ajmil at-tihānī bimunāsabah al-mīlād wa ḥilūl as-sanah al-jadīdah)
Armenian (Eastern) - Շնորհավոր Ամանոր և Սուրբ Ծնունդ (Shnorhavor Amanor yev Surb Tznund)
Armenian (Western) - Շնորհաւոր Նոր Տարի եւ Սուրբ Ծնունդ: (Shnorhavor Nor Daree yev Soorp Dzuhnoont) Բարի կաղանդ և ամանոր (Paree gaghant yev amanor)
Aromanian - Cãrciun hãrios (Hristolu s-aflà! Dealihea cà s-afla!)
shi ti multsã-anji Anlu Nàù!
Asturian - Bones Navidaes y Gayoleru añu nuevu!
Aymara - Sooma Nawira-ra!
Azerbaijani - Yeni Iliniz Mübarək / Təzə iliniz yaxşı olsun!
Basque - Zorionak eta urte berri on!
Belarusian - З Божым нараджэннем! (Z Bozym naradzenniem!) Шчаслівых Калядау! (Szczaslivych Kaliadau!) З Новым годам i Калядамi! (Z Novym godam i Kaliadami!)
Bengali - শুভ বড়দিন (shubho bôṛodin) শুভ নববর্ষ (shubho nôbobôrsho)
Bikol - Maogmang Pasko! Mamura-way na Ba-gong Taon sa indo gabos!
Blackfoot - I'taamomahkatoyiiksistsikomi!
Bosnian - Sretan Bozic i sretna nova godina!
Breton - Nedeleg laouen ha bloavezh mat!
Bulgarian - Честита Коледа! (Čestita Koleda!) Щастлива Нова Година! (Štastliva Nova Godina!)
Catalan - Bon Nadal i feliç any nou!
Cebuano - Maayong Pasko! Mabungahong Bag-ong Tuig kaninyong tanan!
Chamorro - Felis Nåbidåt yan Magof na Åñu Nuebu! Felis Påsgua yan Magof na Åñu Nuebu!
Cherokee - Danistayohihv & Aliheli'sdi Itse Udetiyvasadisv!
Cheyenne - Hoesenestotse & Aa'eEmona'e!
Chinese (Cantonese) - 聖誕節同新年快樂 (singdaanjit tùnhg sànnìhn faailohk)
Chinese (Hakka) - 聖誕節快樂, 新年快樂 (shin5-tan5-ziet7 kwai5-lok8, sin1-ngien2 kwai5-lok8)
Chinese (Mandarin) - 聖誕快樂 新年快樂 [圣诞快乐 新年快乐] (shèngdàn kuàilè xīnnián kuàilè)
Chinese (Shanghainese) - 圣诞节快乐 (sendaijiq kualoq) 新年快乐 (sinni kualoq)
Chinese (Taiwanese) - Sèng-tàn-chiat Khòai-lo̍k (聖誕節快樂)
Sin-nî Chhut-thâu-thiⁿ (新年出頭天)
Chinese (Teochew) - 圣诞快乐 (siandang kuailak) 新年快乐 (singnin kuailak)
Choctaw - Yukpa, Nitak Hollo Chito!
Comanche - Tsaa Nu̶u̶sukatu̶̲ Waa Himaru̶!
Cornish - Nadelik Lowen ha Blydhen Nowydh Da! Nadelik Looan ha Looan Blethen Noweth! Nadelack looan ha looan blethan noueth!
Cree - Mitho Makosi Kesikansi!
Creek - Afvcke Nettvcakorakko!
Croatian - Sretan Božić! Sretna Nova godina!
Czech - Veselé vánoce a šťastný nový rok!
Danish - Glædelig jul og godt nytår!
Dutch - Prettige kerstdagen en een Gelukkig Nieuwjaar! Zalig kerstfeest en Gelukkig Nieuwjaar!
East Inuktitut - Quviasummi Quviasugitsi/Quviasuvvisiutsiarit ammalu Qitinngumarik!
Esperanto - Ĝojan/Bonan Kristnaskon kaj feliĉan novan jaron!
Estonian - Rõõmsaid Jõule ja Head Uut Aastat! Häid Jõule ja Head Uut Aastat!
Faroese - Gleðilig Jól og eydnuríkt nýggjár! Gleðilig Jól og gott nýggjár! Gleiðilig jól og eitt av harranum signað nýggjár!
Fijian - Me Nomuni na marau ni siga ni sucu dei na yabaki vou!
Finnish - Hyvää joulua ja onnellista uutta vuotta!
Flemish - Zalig Kerstfeest en Gelukkig nieuw jaar!
Frisian - Noflike Krystdagen en folle lok en seine!
French - Joyeux Noël et bonne année!
Friulian - Bon Nadâl e Biel An Gnûv!
Galician - Bo Nadal e próspero aninovo!
Georgian - გილოცავთ შობა-ახალ წელს (gilocavth shoba-akhal c’els) გილოცავ შობა-ახალ წელს (gilocav shoba-akhal c’els)
German - Fröhliche Weihnachten und ein gutes neues Jahr!
German (Bavarian) - Froue Weihnåcht'n, und a guad's nei's Joah!
German (Hessian) - Frohe Weihnachte unn ein gudes neus Jahr!
German (Swiss) - Schöni Wienachte und e guets neus Jahr! Schöni Wiehnachte und es guets Neus! Schöni Wiänachtä, äs guets Nöis!
German (Pennsylvania) - En frehlicher Grischtdaag un en hallich Nei Yaahr!
Greek - Καλά Χριστούγεννα! (kalá hristúyenna) Ευτυχισμένο το Νέο Έτος! (eftyhisméno to Néo Étos!) Καλή χρονιά! (kalí hroñá)
Greenlandic - Juullimi ukiortaasamilu pilluaritsi!
Hausa - Barka da Kirsimatikuma barka da sabuwar shekara!
Hawaiian - Mele Kalikimaka me ka Hauʻoli Makahiki Hou!
Hebrew - חג מולד שמח ושנה טובה Chag Molad Sameach v'Shanah Tovah
Hiligaynon - Malipayon nga Paskwa!
Mahamungayaon - Nga Bag-ong Tuig sa inyong tanan!
Hindi - शुभ क्रिसमस (Śubh krisamas) नये साल की हार्दिक शुभकामनायें (Naye sāl kī hārdik śubhkāmnayeṅ)
Hungarian - Kellemes karácsonyt és boldog új évet!
Icelandic - Gleðileg jól og farsælt komandi ár! Gleðileg jól og farsælt nýtt ár!
Ilokano - Naragsak a Paskua! Narang-ay a Baro a Tawen kadakayo amin!
Indonesian - Selamat hari natal dan tahun baru!
Inonhan - Malipayon nga Paskwa kag Masadya nga Bag-ong Tuig sa inyo tanan!
Inuktitut - Kuvianak Inovia! IñupiaqQuvianagli Anaiyyuniqpaliqsi suli Nakuuluni Ukiutqiutiqsi! InupiatunAnnaurri Aniruq-lu Paglaun Ukiutchiaq! Quvianaq Agaayuniqpak-lu Paglaun Ukiutchiaq! Nayaangmik Piqagiñ-lu Paglaun Ukiutchiaq!
Irish (Gaelic) - Nollaig shona duit! Beannachtaí na Nollag! Beannachtaí an tSéasúir! Athbhliain faoi mhaise duit! Bliain úr faoi shéan is faoi mhaise duit!
Italian - Buon Natale e felice anno nuovo!
Japanese - メリークリスマス (merī kurisumasu) 新年おめでとうございます (shinnen omedetō gozaimasu) 明けましておめでとうございます (akemashite omedetō gozaimasu) 旧年中大変お世話になりました (kyūnenjū taihen osewa ni narimashita) 本年もよろしくお願いいたします (honnen mo yoroshiku onegai itashimasu)
Jèrriais - Bouan Noué / Jouaiyeux Noué et Bouonne année! Un Bouan Noué et lé Nouvel An!
Judeo-Spanish / Ladino - Noel alegre i felis anyo muevo!
Kapampangan - Masayang Pasku! Masaplalang Bayung Banwa keko ngan!
Kazakh - Жаңа жыл құтты болсын! (Jaña jıl quttı bolsın!) Жаңа жылыңыз құтты болсын! (Jaña jılıñız quttı bolsın!)
Kinyarwanda - Noheri nziza n'umwaka mushya muhire!
Kirghiz - Жаны Жылыныздар куттуу болсун!
Korean - 즐거운 성탄절 보내세요 및 새해 복 많이 받으세요 (jeulgeoun seongtanjeol bonaeseyo mich saehae bok manhi bateusaeyo) 메리 크리스마스 잘 지내고 새해 복 많이 받으세요
(meri keuriseumaseu mich saehae bok manhi bateusaeyo)
Kurdish (Kurmanji) - Kirîsmes u ser sala we pîroz be!
Kurdish (Sorani) - Kirîsmes u salî nwêtan lê pîroz bê!
Lao - Souksan van Christmas! Sabai dee pee mai!
Latin - Natale hilare et annum faustum!
Latvian - Priecīgus Ziemassvētkus un laimīgu Jauno gadu!
Lithuanian - Linksmų Kalėdų ir laimingų Naujųjų Metų!
Luganda - Mbagaliza Christmass Enungi Nomwaka Omugya Gubaberere Gwamirembe!
Luxembourgish - E schéine Chrëschtdag an e glécklecht neit Joer!
Schéi Feierdeeg an e glécklecht neit Joer! Schéi Chrëschtdeeg an e gudde Rutsch an d'neit Joer!
Macedonian - Христос се роди! (Hristoc se rodi!) Среќен Божик и среќна Нова година! (Sreken Božik i srekna Nova godina)
Malagasy - Mirary noely sambatra! Arahabaina tratrin'ny taona vaovao!
Malay - Selamat Hari Natal! Selamat Tahun Baru!
Malayalam - പുഥുവല്സര ആശംസകല് (puthuvalsara aashamsakal) ക്രിസ്തുമസ് ആശംസകല് (kariistumasu aashamsakal) നവവല്സര ആശംസകല് (nava-valsara aashamsakal)
MalteseI - l-Milied Ħieni u s-Sena t-Tajba! Awguri għas-sena l-ġdid!
Manx - Nollick Ghennal as Blein Vie Noa!
Māori - Meri Kirihimete me ngā mihi o te tau hou ki a koutou katoa!
Marathi - शुभ नाताळ (Śubh Nātāḷ) नवीन वर्षच्या हार्दिक शुभेच्छा (Navīn varṣacyā hārdik śubhecchā)
Mongolian - Танд зул сарын баярын болон шинэ жилийн мэндийг хүргэе (Tand zul sariin bayriin bolon shine jiliin mendiig hurgey)
Navajo - Ya'at'eeh Keshmish!
Nepali - क्रस्मसको शुभकामना तथा नयाँ वर्षको शुभकामना
(krismas ko subhakamana tatha nayabarsha ko subhakamana)
Norwegian - God jul og godt nytt år! God jol og godt nyttår!
Occitan - Polit Nadal e bona annada!
Ogoni - Eenyie Mea Krist Ne Eenyie Aagbaa!
Old English - Glæd Geol and Gesælig Niw Gear!
Pangasinan - Maabig ya Pasko! Maaligwas ya Balon Taon ed sikayon amin!
Papiamentu - Bon Pasku i Felis Anja Nobo!
Persian - (kerismas mobārak) كریسمس مبارک
(sale no mobārak) سال نو مبارک
Polish - Wesołych świąt i szczęśliwego nowego roku!
Portuguese - Feliz Natal e próspero ano novo! Feliz Ano Novo!
Boas Festas e Feliz Ano Novo! Um Santo e Feliz Natal!
Punjab - iਕਰਿਸਮ ਤੇ ਨਵਾੰ ਸਾਲ ਖੁਸ਼ਿਯਾੰਵਾਲਾ ਹੋਵੇ (karisama te nawāṃ sāla khušayāṃwālā hewe)
Quenya - Alassëa Hristomerendë! Alassëa Vinyarië!
Rarotongan - Kia orana e kia manuia rava i teia Kiritimeti e te Mataiti Ou!
Romansh (Sursilvan dialect) - Legreivlas fiastas da Nadal ed in bien niev onn!
Romanian - Crăciun fericit şi un An Nou Fericit!
Russian - С наступающим Новым Годом! (S nastupayuščim Novym Godom) С Рождеством Христовым! (S Roždestvom Khristovym)
Samoan - Manuia le Kerisimasi, ma le Tausaga Fou!
Scots - A Blythe Yule an a Guid Hogmanay! Merry Christmas an a Guid Hogmanay!
Scottish - GaelicNollaig chridheil agus bliadhna mhath ùr!
Serbian (Orthodox) Христос се роди и срећна Нова година!
Serbian (Non-Orthodox) Срећан Божић и срећна Нова година!
Sesotho - Keresemese e monate le mahlohonolo a selemo se setjha!
Sicilian - Bon Natali e filici annu novu!
Sindarin - Mereth Veren e-Doled Eruion! Garo Idhrinn Eden Veren!
Slovak - Veselé vianoce a Štastný nový rok!
Slovenian - Vesel božič in Srečno novo leto!
Somali - Ciid wanaagsan iyo sanad cusub oo fiican!
Spanish - ¡Feliz Navidad y próspero año nuevo!
Swahili - Krismasi Njema! Heri ya krismas! Heri ya mwaka mpya!
Swedish - God jul och gott nytt år!
Tagalog - Maligayang Pasko, Manigong bagong taon!
Tamil - Nathar Puthu Varuda Valthukkal
Tahitian - Ia orana no te noere! Ia orana i te matahiti api!
Telugu - సంతోషకరమైన క్రిస్ఠ్మస్ ! (saṅthoashakaramaina kristmas) మరియు నూతన సంవత్సర శుభాకాంక్షలు (mariyu noothana saṅvathsara shubhaakaaṅkshalu)
Thai - สุขสันต์วันคริสต์มาส และสวัสดีปีใหม (souksaan wan Christmas sawatdii pimaï)
Tibetan - Iosalazashidele
Tigrinya - rHus beˋal ldet (ygberelka) rHus əwed ˋamet (ygberelka)
Tongan - Kilisimasi fiefia mo ha ta'u fo'ou monū'ia!
Tsotsil - Xmuyubajuk ti avo'one ti ta k'ine xchu'uk ti ta ach' jabile!
Turkish - İyi Noeller ve Mutlu Yıllar! İyi seneler / Yeni yılınız kutlu olsun! Yeni yılınızı kutlar, sağlık ve başarılar dileriz!
Ukrainian - Веселого Різдва і з Новим Роком!
Urdu - کرسمَس مبارک
نايا سال مبارک هو
بڑدا دنمبارک هو
Uzbek - Yangi yilingiz bilan!
Vietnamese - Chúc Giáng Sinh Vui Vẻ và Chúc Năm Mới Tốt Lành!
Volapük - Lemotöfazäli yofik e nulayeli läbik!
Võro - Hüvvä joulu ja õnnõlikku vahtsõt aastakka!
Waray-Waray - Maupay nga Pasko! Mainuswagon nga Bag-ong Tuig ha iyo ngatanan!
Welsh - Nadolig llawen a blwyddyn newydd dda!
West Inuktitun - Quvianaq Qitchirvik/Quviahugitsi Quviahugvingmi amma Quvianaq Ukiuaq Nutaaq Tikingmivuq!
Xhosa - Siniqwenelela Ikrisimesi Emnandi Nonyaka Omtsha Ozele Iintsikelelo!
Yorùbá - Ẹ ku Ayọ Keresimesi ati Ọdun Tuntun!
Zulu - Sinifesela uKhisimusi oMuhle noNyaka oMusha oNempumelelo!
Bahasa Malaysia - Selamat Hari Natal!
Bengali - Shuvo Baro Din - Shuvo Nabo Barsho!
Corsican - Bon Natale e Bon capu d' annu!
Crazanian - Rot Yikji Dol La Roo!
Duri - Christmas-e- Shoma Mobarak!
Eskimo - Jutdlime pivdluarit ukiortame pivdluaritlo!
Indonesian -Selamat Hari Natal!
Karelian - Rastawanke Sinun, Uvven Vuvenke Sinun!
Lappic - Buorit Juovllat ja Buorre Oddajahki!
Lausitzian - Wjesole hody a strowe nowe leto!
Livian - Riiemlizi Talspividi ja pagin vonno udaigastos!
Low Saxon - Heughliche Winachten un 'n moi Nijaar!
Marathi - Shub Naya Varsh!
Maori - Meri Kirihimete!
Monogasque - Festusu Natale e Bona ana noeva!
Oriya -Sukhamaya christmass ebang khusibhara naba barsa!
Papua New Guinea - Bikpela hamamas blong dispela Krismas na Nupela yia i go long yu!
Philippines Maligayang - Pasco at Manigong Bagong Taon!
Pashto - De Christmas akhtar de bakhtawar au newai kal de mubarak sha!
Punjabi - Nave sal di mubaraka!
Pushto - Christmas Aao Ne-way Kaal Mo Mobarak Sha!
Raeto-Ramance - Bella Festas da zNadal ed in Ventiravel Onn Nov!
Rhetian - Bellas festas da nadal e bun onn!
Romanche - Legreivlas fiastas da Nadal e bien niev onn!
Romani (GYPSY) - Bachtalo krecunu Thaj Bachtalo Nevo Bers!
Sami - Buorrit Juovllat!
Samoan - Manuia le Kerisimasi ma le Tausaga Fou!
Sardian - Felize Nadale e Bonu Cabuannu!
Sardinian -Bonu nadale e prosperu annu nou!
Surinamese (SRANANTONGO) - Wan Santa Bedaki!
Singhalese - Subha nath thalak Vewa. Subha Aluth Awrudhak Vewa!
Sorbian - Wjesole hody a strowe Nowe leto!
Somali - Ciid wanaagsan iyo sanad cusub oo fiican!
Sudanese - Wilujeng Natal Sareng Warsa Enggal!
Tagalog - Maligayang Pasko at Manigong Bagong Taon!
Tamil - Nathar Puthu Varuda Valthukkal!
Tok Pisin - Meri Krismas & Hepi Nu Yia!
Tongan - Kilisimasi Fiefia & Ta'u fo'ou monu ia!
Tswana - Keresemose o monate le masego a ngwaga o montsha!
Urdu - Naya Saal Mubarak Ho!
Vanina - Bon Natale a Tutti!
Vepsi - Rastvoidenke i Udenke Vodenke!
Yayeya - Krisema!
Afrikander - Een Plesierige Kerfees!
Tigrinja - Rehus-Beal-Ledeats!
Assyrian - Eidokhon Avee Brikha!
Azari - Bayramez Mobarak Olsen!
Bicolano - Maugmang Capascuhan asin Masaganang Ba-gong Taon!
Iban - Selamat Ari Krismas enggau Taun Baru!
Kadazan -Kotobian Tadau Do Krimas om Toun Vagu!
Trukeese - Neekirissimas annim oo iyer seefe feyiyeech!
Sobota - Dobro dedek!
Udmurt - Shuldyr Ymuśton!
Iroquois - Ojenyunyat Sungwiyadeson honungradon nagwutut. Ojenyunyat osrasay!
Stronuich Reservoir in Glen Lyon from Meall nan Subh. A misty hazy scene as the cloud slips away before the sun came out in earnest.
All rights reserved © fairuz 2009
Asbahna 'ala fitroti al islam
explored #167, novermber, 8 2009
Location:Kuala Lumpur
090609
Christmas green, gold & red
Just a bit of fun photographing Christmas decorations on a rainy night! This was testing out the Canon EF 100mm f/2.8 Macro USM lens with two glass Christmas tree balls, some red, green and silver tinsel and a halogen light. A very Merry Christmassy result!
More like this in my Christmas Set
English - Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year!
Afrikaans - Geseënde Kersfees en 'n gelukkige nuwe jaar! Geseënde Kersfees en 'n voorspoedige Nuwe jaar!
Akeanon - Maayad-ayad nga Paskwa! Mahigugmaon nga Bag-ong Dag-on kinyo tanan!
Albanian - Gëzuar Krishtlindjet e Vitin e Ri!
Aleut - Kamgan Ukudigaa!
Alsatian - E güeti Wïnâchte un e gleckichs Nej Johr!
Amharic - Melkam Gena! Melkam Addis Amet!
Apache (Western) - Gozhqq Keshmish!
Arabic (Modern Standard)أجمل التهاني بمناسبة الميلاد و حلول السنة الجديدة
(ajmil at-tihānī bimunāsabah al-mīlād wa ḥilūl as-sanah al-jadīdah)
Armenian (Eastern) - Շնորհավոր Ամանոր և Սուրբ Ծնունդ (Shnorhavor Amanor yev Surb Tznund)
Armenian (Western) - Շնորհաւոր Նոր Տարի եւ Սուրբ Ծնունդ: (Shnorhavor Nor Daree yev Soorp Dzuhnoont) Բարի կաղանդ և ամանոր (Paree gaghant yev amanor)
Aromanian - Cãrciun hãrios (Hristolu s-aflà! Dealihea cà s-afla!)
shi ti multsã-anji Anlu Nàù!
Asturian - Bones Navidaes y Gayoleru añu nuevu!
Aymara - Sooma Nawira-ra!
Azerbaijani - Yeni Iliniz Mübarək / Təzə iliniz yaxşı olsun!
Basque - Zorionak eta urte berri on!
Belarusian - З Божым нараджэннем! (Z Bozym naradzenniem!) Шчаслівых Калядау! (Szczaslivych Kaliadau!) З Новым годам i Калядамi! (Z Novym godam i Kaliadami!)
Bengali - শুভ বড়দিন (shubho bôṛodin) শুভ নববর্ষ (shubho nôbobôrsho)
Bikol - Maogmang Pasko! Mamura-way na Ba-gong Taon sa indo gabos!
Blackfoot - I'taamomahkatoyiiksistsikomi!
Bosnian - Sretan Bozic i sretna nova godina!
Breton - Nedeleg laouen ha bloavezh mat!
Bulgarian - Честита Коледа! (Čestita Koleda!) Щастлива Нова Година! (Štastliva Nova Godina!)
Catalan - Bon Nadal i feliç any nou!
Cebuano - Maayong Pasko! Mabungahong Bag-ong Tuig kaninyong tanan!
Chamorro - Felis Nåbidåt yan Magof na Åñu Nuebu! Felis Påsgua yan Magof na Åñu Nuebu!
Cherokee - Danistayohihv & Aliheli'sdi Itse Udetiyvasadisv!
Cheyenne - Hoesenestotse & Aa'eEmona'e!
Chinese (Cantonese) - 聖誕節同新年快樂 (singdaanjit tùnhg sànnìhn faailohk)
Chinese (Hakka) - 聖誕節快樂, 新年快樂 (shin5-tan5-ziet7 kwai5-lok8, sin1-ngien2 kwai5-lok8)
Chinese (Mandarin) - 聖誕快樂 新年快樂 [圣诞快乐 新年快乐] (shèngdàn kuàilè xīnnián kuàilè)
Chinese (Shanghainese) - 圣诞节快乐 (sendaijiq kualoq) 新年快乐 (sinni kualoq)
Chinese (Taiwanese) - Sèng-tàn-chiat Khòai-lo̍k (聖誕節快樂)
Sin-nî Chhut-thâu-thiⁿ (新年出頭天)
Chinese (Teochew) - 圣诞快乐 (siandang kuailak) 新年快乐 (singnin kuailak)
Choctaw - Yukpa, Nitak Hollo Chito!
Comanche - Tsaa Nu̶u̶sukatu̶̲ Waa Himaru̶!
Cornish - Nadelik Lowen ha Blydhen Nowydh Da! Nadelik Looan ha Looan Blethen Noweth! Nadelack looan ha looan blethan noueth!
Cree - Mitho Makosi Kesikansi!
Creek - Afvcke Nettvcakorakko!
Croatian - Sretan Božić! Sretna Nova godina!
Czech - Veselé vánoce a šťastný nový rok!
Danish - Glædelig jul og godt nytår!
Dutch - Prettige kerstdagen en een Gelukkig Nieuwjaar! Zalig kerstfeest en Gelukkig Nieuwjaar!
East Inuktitut - Quviasummi Quviasugitsi/Quviasuvvisiutsiarit ammalu Qitinngumarik!
Esperanto - Ĝojan/Bonan Kristnaskon kaj feliĉan novan jaron!
Estonian - Rõõmsaid Jõule ja Head Uut Aastat! Häid Jõule ja Head Uut Aastat!
Faroese - Gleðilig Jól og eydnuríkt nýggjár! Gleðilig Jól og gott nýggjár! Gleiðilig jól og eitt av harranum signað nýggjár!
Fijian - Me Nomuni na marau ni siga ni sucu dei na yabaki vou!
Finnish - Hyvää joulua ja onnellista uutta vuotta!
Flemish - Zalig Kerstfeest en Gelukkig nieuw jaar!
Frisian - Noflike Krystdagen en folle lok en seine!
French - Joyeux Noël et bonne année!
Friulian - Bon Nadâl e Biel An Gnûv!
Galician - Bo Nadal e próspero aninovo!
Georgian - გილოცავთ შობა-ახალ წელს (gilocavth shoba-akhal c’els) გილოცავ შობა-ახალ წელს (gilocav shoba-akhal c’els)
German - Fröhliche Weihnachten und ein gutes neues Jahr!
German (Bavarian) - Froue Weihnåcht'n, und a guad's nei's Joah!
German (Hessian) - Frohe Weihnachte unn ein gudes neus Jahr!
German (Swiss) - Schöni Wienachte und e guets neus Jahr! Schöni Wiehnachte und es guets Neus! Schöni Wiänachtä, äs guets Nöis!
German (Pennsylvania) - En frehlicher Grischtdaag un en hallich Nei Yaahr!
Greek - Καλά Χριστούγεννα! (kalá hristúyenna) Ευτυχισμένο το Νέο Έτος! (eftyhisméno to Néo Étos!) Καλή χρονιά! (kalí hroñá)
Greenlandic - Juullimi ukiortaasamilu pilluaritsi!
Hausa - Barka da Kirsimatikuma barka da sabuwar shekara!
Hawaiian - Mele Kalikimaka me ka Hauʻoli Makahiki Hou!
Hebrew - חג מולד שמח ושנה טובה Chag Molad Sameach v'Shanah Tovah
Hiligaynon - Malipayon nga Paskwa!
Mahamungayaon - Nga Bag-ong Tuig sa inyong tanan!
Hindi - शुभ क्रिसमस (Śubh krisamas) नये साल की हार्दिक शुभकामनायें (Naye sāl kī hārdik śubhkāmnayeṅ)
Hungarian - Kellemes karácsonyt és boldog új évet!
Icelandic - Gleðileg jól og farsælt komandi ár! Gleðileg jól og farsælt nýtt ár!
Ilokano - Naragsak a Paskua! Narang-ay a Baro a Tawen kadakayo amin!
Indonesian - Selamat hari natal dan tahun baru!
Inonhan - Malipayon nga Paskwa kag Masadya nga Bag-ong Tuig sa inyo tanan!
Inuktitut - Kuvianak Inovia! IñupiaqQuvianagli Anaiyyuniqpaliqsi suli Nakuuluni Ukiutqiutiqsi! InupiatunAnnaurri Aniruq-lu Paglaun Ukiutchiaq! Quvianaq Agaayuniqpak-lu Paglaun Ukiutchiaq! Nayaangmik Piqagiñ-lu Paglaun Ukiutchiaq!
Irish (Gaelic) - Nollaig shona duit! Beannachtaí na Nollag! Beannachtaí an tSéasúir! Athbhliain faoi mhaise duit! Bliain úr faoi shéan is faoi mhaise duit!
Italian - Buon Natale e felice anno nuovo!
Japanese - メリークリスマス (merī kurisumasu) 新年おめでとうございます (shinnen omedetō gozaimasu) 明けましておめでとうございます (akemashite omedetō gozaimasu) 旧年中大変お世話になりました (kyūnenjū taihen osewa ni narimashita) 本年もよろしくお願いいたします (honnen mo yoroshiku onegai itashimasu)
Jèrriais - Bouan Noué / Jouaiyeux Noué et Bouonne année! Un Bouan Noué et lé Nouvel An!
Judeo-Spanish / Ladino - Noel alegre i felis anyo muevo!
Kapampangan - Masayang Pasku! Masaplalang Bayung Banwa keko ngan!
Kazakh - Жаңа жыл құтты болсын! (Jaña jıl quttı bolsın!) Жаңа жылыңыз құтты болсын! (Jaña jılıñız quttı bolsın!)
Kinyarwanda - Noheri nziza n'umwaka mushya muhire!
Kirghiz - Жаны Жылыныздар куттуу болсун!
Korean - 즐거운 성탄절 보내세요 및 새해 복 많이 받으세요 (jeulgeoun seongtanjeol bonaeseyo mich saehae bok manhi bateusaeyo) 메리 크리스마스 잘 지내고 새해 복 많이 받으세요
(meri keuriseumaseu mich saehae bok manhi bateusaeyo)
Kurdish (Kurmanji) - Kirîsmes u ser sala we pîroz be!
Kurdish (Sorani) - Kirîsmes u salî nwêtan lê pîroz bê!
Lao - Souksan van Christmas! Sabai dee pee mai!
Latin - Natale hilare et annum faustum!
Latvian - Priecīgus Ziemassvētkus un laimīgu Jauno gadu!
Lithuanian - Linksmų Kalėdų ir laimingų Naujųjų Metų!
Luganda - Mbagaliza Christmass Enungi Nomwaka Omugya Gubaberere Gwamirembe!
Luxembourgish - E schéine Chrëschtdag an e glécklecht neit Joer!
Schéi Feierdeeg an e glécklecht neit Joer! Schéi Chrëschtdeeg an e gudde Rutsch an d'neit Joer!
Macedonian - Христос се роди! (Hristoc se rodi!) Среќен Божик и среќна Нова година! (Sreken Božik i srekna Nova godina)
Malagasy - Mirary noely sambatra! Arahabaina tratrin'ny taona vaovao!
Malay - Selamat Hari Natal! Selamat Tahun Baru!
Malayalam - പുഥുവല്സര ആശംസകല് (puthuvalsara aashamsakal) ക്രിസ്തുമസ് ആശംസകല് (kariistumasu aashamsakal) നവവല്സര ആശംസകല് (nava-valsara aashamsakal)
MalteseI - l-Milied Ħieni u s-Sena t-Tajba! Awguri għas-sena l-ġdid!
Manx - Nollick Ghennal as Blein Vie Noa!
Māori - Meri Kirihimete me ngā mihi o te tau hou ki a koutou katoa!
Marathi - शुभ नाताळ (Śubh Nātāḷ) नवीन वर्षच्या हार्दिक शुभेच्छा (Navīn varṣacyā hārdik śubhecchā)
Mongolian - Танд зул сарын баярын болон шинэ жилийн мэндийг хүргэе (Tand zul sariin bayriin bolon shine jiliin mendiig hurgey)
Navajo - Ya'at'eeh Keshmish!
Nepali - क्रस्मसको शुभकामना तथा नयाँ वर्षको शुभकामना
(krismas ko subhakamana tatha nayabarsha ko subhakamana)
Norwegian - God jul og godt nytt år! God jol og godt nyttår!
Occitan - Polit Nadal e bona annada!
Ogoni - Eenyie Mea Krist Ne Eenyie Aagbaa!
Old English - Glæd Geol and Gesælig Niw Gear!
Pangasinan - Maabig ya Pasko! Maaligwas ya Balon Taon ed sikayon amin!
Papiamentu - Bon Pasku i Felis Anja Nobo!
Persian - (kerismas mobārak) كریسمس مبارک
(sale no mobārak) سال نو مبارک
Polish - Wesołych świąt i szczęśliwego nowego roku!
Portuguese - Feliz Natal e próspero ano novo! Feliz Ano Novo!
Boas Festas e Feliz Ano Novo! Um Santo e Feliz Natal!
Punjab - iਕਰਿਸਮ ਤੇ ਨਵਾੰ ਸਾਲ ਖੁਸ਼ਿਯਾੰਵਾਲਾ ਹੋਵੇ (karisama te nawāṃ sāla khušayāṃwālā hewe)
Quenya - Alassëa Hristomerendë! Alassëa Vinyarië!
Rarotongan - Kia orana e kia manuia rava i teia Kiritimeti e te Mataiti Ou!
Romansh (Sursilvan dialect) - Legreivlas fiastas da Nadal ed in bien niev onn!
Romanian - Crăciun fericit şi un An Nou Fericit!
Russian - С наступающим Новым Годом! (S nastupayuščim Novym Godom) С Рождеством Христовым! (S Roždestvom Khristovym)
Samoan - Manuia le Kerisimasi, ma le Tausaga Fou!
Scots - A Blythe Yule an a Guid Hogmanay! Merry Christmas an a Guid Hogmanay!
Scottish - GaelicNollaig chridheil agus bliadhna mhath ùr!
Serbian (Orthodox) Христос се роди и срећна Нова година!
Serbian (Non-Orthodox) Срећан Божић и срећна Нова година!
Sesotho - Keresemese e monate le mahlohonolo a selemo se setjha!
Sicilian - Bon Natali e filici annu novu!
Sindarin - Mereth Veren e-Doled Eruion! Garo Idhrinn Eden Veren!
Slovak - Veselé vianoce a Štastný nový rok!
Slovenian - Vesel božič in Srečno novo leto!
Somali - Ciid wanaagsan iyo sanad cusub oo fiican!
Spanish - ¡Feliz Navidad y próspero año nuevo!
Swahili - Krismasi Njema! Heri ya krismas! Heri ya mwaka mpya!
Swedish - God jul och gott nytt år!
Tagalog - Maligayang Pasko, Manigong bagong taon!
Tamil - Nathar Puthu Varuda Valthukkal
Tahitian - Ia orana no te noere! Ia orana i te matahiti api!
Telugu - సంతోషకరమైన క్రిస్ఠ్మస్ ! (saṅthoashakaramaina kristmas) మరియు నూతన సంవత్సర శుభాకాంక్షలు (mariyu noothana saṅvathsara shubhaakaaṅkshalu)
Thai - สุขสันต์วันคริสต์มาส และสวัสดีปีใหม (souksaan wan Christmas sawatdii pimaï)
Tibetan - Iosalazashidele
Tigrinya - rHus beˋal ldet (ygberelka) rHus əwed ˋamet (ygberelka)
Tongan - Kilisimasi fiefia mo ha ta'u fo'ou monū'ia!
Tsotsil - Xmuyubajuk ti avo'one ti ta k'ine xchu'uk ti ta ach' jabile!
Turkish - İyi Noeller ve Mutlu Yıllar! İyi seneler / Yeni yılınız kutlu olsun! Yeni yılınızı kutlar, sağlık ve başarılar dileriz!
Ukrainian - Веселого Різдва і з Новим Роком!
Urdu - کرسمَس مبارک
نايا سال مبارک هو
بڑدا دنمبارک هو
Uzbek - Yangi yilingiz bilan!
Vietnamese - Chúc Giáng Sinh Vui Vẻ và Chúc Năm Mới Tốt Lành!
Volapük - Lemotöfazäli yofik e nulayeli läbik!
Võro - Hüvvä joulu ja õnnõlikku vahtsõt aastakka!
Waray-Waray - Maupay nga Pasko! Mainuswagon nga Bag-ong Tuig ha iyo ngatanan!
Welsh - Nadolig llawen a blwyddyn newydd dda!
West Inuktitun - Quvianaq Qitchirvik/Quviahugitsi Quviahugvingmi amma Quvianaq Ukiuaq Nutaaq Tikingmivuq!
Xhosa - Siniqwenelela Ikrisimesi Emnandi Nonyaka Omtsha Ozele Iintsikelelo!
Yorùbá - Ẹ ku Ayọ Keresimesi ati Ọdun Tuntun!
Zulu - Sinifesela uKhisimusi oMuhle noNyaka oMusha oNempumelelo!
Bahasa Malaysia - Selamat Hari Natal!
Bengali - Shuvo Baro Din - Shuvo Nabo Barsho!
Corsican - Bon Natale e Bon capu d' annu!
Crazanian - Rot Yikji Dol La Roo!
Duri - Christmas-e- Shoma Mobarak!
Eskimo - Jutdlime pivdluarit ukiortame pivdluaritlo!
Indonesian -Selamat Hari Natal!
Karelian - Rastawanke Sinun, Uvven Vuvenke Sinun!
Lappic - Buorit Juovllat ja Buorre Oddajahki!
Lausitzian - Wjesole hody a strowe nowe leto!
Livian - Riiemlizi Talspividi ja pagin vonno udaigastos!
Low Saxon - Heughliche Winachten un 'n moi Nijaar!
Marathi - Shub Naya Varsh!
Maori - Meri Kirihimete!
Monogasque - Festusu Natale e Bona ana noeva!
Oriya -Sukhamaya christmass ebang khusibhara naba barsa!
Papua New Guinea - Bikpela hamamas blong dispela Krismas na Nupela yia i go long yu!
Philippines Maligayang - Pasco at Manigong Bagong Taon!
Pashto - De Christmas akhtar de bakhtawar au newai kal de mubarak sha!
Punjabi - Nave sal di mubaraka!
Pushto - Christmas Aao Ne-way Kaal Mo Mobarak Sha!
Raeto-Ramance - Bella Festas da zNadal ed in Ventiravel Onn Nov!
Rhetian - Bellas festas da nadal e bun onn!
Romanche - Legreivlas fiastas da Nadal e bien niev onn!
Romani (GYPSY) - Bachtalo krecunu Thaj Bachtalo Nevo Bers!
Sami - Buorrit Juovllat!
Samoan - Manuia le Kerisimasi ma le Tausaga Fou!
Sardian - Felize Nadale e Bonu Cabuannu!
Sardinian -Bonu nadale e prosperu annu nou!
Surinamese (SRANANTONGO) - Wan Santa Bedaki!
Singhalese - Subha nath thalak Vewa. Subha Aluth Awrudhak Vewa!
Sorbian - Wjesole hody a strowe Nowe leto!
Somali - Ciid wanaagsan iyo sanad cusub oo fiican!
Sudanese - Wilujeng Natal Sareng Warsa Enggal!
Tagalog - Maligayang Pasko at Manigong Bagong Taon!
Tamil - Nathar Puthu Varuda Valthukkal!
Tok Pisin - Meri Krismas & Hepi Nu Yia!
Tongan - Kilisimasi Fiefia & Ta'u fo'ou monu ia!
Tswana - Keresemose o monate le masego a ngwaga o montsha!
Urdu - Naya Saal Mubarak Ho!
Vanina - Bon Natale a Tutti!
Vepsi - Rastvoidenke i Udenke Vodenke!
Yayeya - Krisema!
Afrikander - Een Plesierige Kerfees!
Tigrinja - Rehus-Beal-Ledeats!
Assyrian - Eidokhon Avee Brikha!
Azari - Bayramez Mobarak Olsen!
Bicolano - Maugmang Capascuhan asin Masaganang Ba-gong Taon!
Iban - Selamat Ari Krismas enggau Taun Baru!
Kadazan -Kotobian Tadau Do Krimas om Toun Vagu!
Trukeese - Neekirissimas annim oo iyer seefe feyiyeech!
Sobota - Dobro dedek!
Udmurt - Shuldyr Ymuśton!
Iroquois - Ojenyunyat Sungwiyadeson honungradon nagwutut. Ojenyunyat osrasay!
12 days till Christmas
Lots more like this in my CHRISTMAS SET
Playing in the dark last night with Christmas decorations and cameras! Just a few glass baubles hung on threads and dangled in front of some silver tinsel.
English - Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year!
Afrikaans - Geseënde Kersfees en 'n gelukkige nuwe jaar! Geseënde Kersfees en 'n voorspoedige Nuwe jaar!
Akeanon - Maayad-ayad nga Paskwa! Mahigugmaon nga Bag-ong Dag-on kinyo tanan!
Albanian - Gëzuar Krishtlindjet e Vitin e Ri!
Aleut - Kamgan Ukudigaa!
Alsatian - E güeti Wïnâchte un e gleckichs Nej Johr!
Amharic - Melkam Gena! Melkam Addis Amet!
Apache (Western) - Gozhqq Keshmish!
Arabic (Modern Standard)أجمل التهاني بمناسبة الميلاد و حلول السنة الجديدة
(ajmil at-tihānī bimunāsabah al-mīlād wa ḥilūl as-sanah al-jadīdah)
Armenian (Eastern) - Շնորհավոր Ամանոր և Սուրբ Ծնունդ (Shnorhavor Amanor yev Surb Tznund)
Armenian (Western) - Շնորհաւոր Նոր Տարի եւ Սուրբ Ծնունդ: (Shnorhavor Nor Daree yev Soorp Dzuhnoont) Բարի կաղանդ և ամանոր (Paree gaghant yev amanor)
Aromanian - Cãrciun hãrios (Hristolu s-aflà! Dealihea cà s-afla!)
shi ti multsã-anji Anlu Nàù!
Asturian - Bones Navidaes y Gayoleru añu nuevu!
Aymara - Sooma Nawira-ra!
Azerbaijani - Yeni Iliniz Mübarək / Təzə iliniz yaxşı olsun!
Basque - Zorionak eta urte berri on!
Belarusian - З Божым нараджэннем! (Z Bozym naradzenniem!) Шчаслівых Калядау! (Szczaslivych Kaliadau!) З Новым годам i Калядамi! (Z Novym godam i Kaliadami!)
Bengali - শুভ বড়দিন (shubho bôṛodin) শুভ নববর্ষ (shubho nôbobôrsho)
Bikol - Maogmang Pasko! Mamura-way na Ba-gong Taon sa indo gabos!
Blackfoot - I'taamomahkatoyiiksistsikomi!
Bosnian - Sretan Bozic i sretna nova godina!
Breton - Nedeleg laouen ha bloavezh mat!
Bulgarian - Честита Коледа! (Čestita Koleda!) Щастлива Нова Година! (Štastliva Nova Godina!)
Catalan - Bon Nadal i feliç any nou!
Cebuano - Maayong Pasko! Mabungahong Bag-ong Tuig kaninyong tanan!
Chamorro - Felis Nåbidåt yan Magof na Åñu Nuebu! Felis Påsgua yan Magof na Åñu Nuebu!
Cherokee - Danistayohihv & Aliheli'sdi Itse Udetiyvasadisv!
Cheyenne - Hoesenestotse & Aa'eEmona'e!
Chinese (Cantonese) - 聖誕節同新年快樂 (singdaanjit tùnhg sànnìhn faailohk)
Chinese (Hakka) - 聖誕節快樂, 新年快樂 (shin5-tan5-ziet7 kwai5-lok8, sin1-ngien2 kwai5-lok8)
Chinese (Mandarin) - 聖誕快樂 新年快樂 [圣诞快乐 新年快乐] (shèngdàn kuàilè xīnnián kuàilè)
Chinese (Shanghainese) - 圣诞节快乐 (sendaijiq kualoq) 新年快乐 (sinni kualoq)
Chinese (Taiwanese) - Sèng-tàn-chiat Khòai-lo̍k (聖誕節快樂)
Sin-nî Chhut-thâu-thiⁿ (新年出頭天)
Chinese (Teochew) - 圣诞快乐 (siandang kuailak) 新年快乐 (singnin kuailak)
Choctaw - Yukpa, Nitak Hollo Chito!
Comanche - Tsaa Nu̶u̶sukatu̶̲ Waa Himaru̶!
Cornish - Nadelik Lowen ha Blydhen Nowydh Da! Nadelik Looan ha Looan Blethen Noweth! Nadelack looan ha looan blethan noueth!
Cree - Mitho Makosi Kesikansi!
Creek - Afvcke Nettvcakorakko!
Croatian - Sretan Božić! Sretna Nova godina!
Czech - Veselé vánoce a šťastný nový rok!
Danish - Glædelig jul og godt nytår!
Dutch - Prettige kerstdagen en een Gelukkig Nieuwjaar! Zalig kerstfeest en Gelukkig Nieuwjaar!
East Inuktitut - Quviasummi Quviasugitsi/Quviasuvvisiutsiarit ammalu Qitinngumarik!
Esperanto - Ĝojan/Bonan Kristnaskon kaj feliĉan novan jaron!
Estonian - Rõõmsaid Jõule ja Head Uut Aastat! Häid Jõule ja Head Uut Aastat!
Faroese - Gleðilig Jól og eydnuríkt nýggjár! Gleðilig Jól og gott nýggjár! Gleiðilig jól og eitt av harranum signað nýggjár!
Fijian - Me Nomuni na marau ni siga ni sucu dei na yabaki vou!
Finnish - Hyvää joulua ja onnellista uutta vuotta!
Flemish - Zalig Kerstfeest en Gelukkig nieuw jaar!
Frisian - Noflike Krystdagen en folle lok en seine!
French - Joyeux Noël et bonne année!
Friulian - Bon Nadâl e Biel An Gnûv!
Galician - Bo Nadal e próspero aninovo!
Georgian - გილოცავთ შობა-ახალ წელს (gilocavth shoba-akhal c’els) გილოცავ შობა-ახალ წელს (gilocav shoba-akhal c’els)
German - Fröhliche Weihnachten und ein gutes neues Jahr!
German (Bavarian) - Froue Weihnåcht'n, und a guad's nei's Joah!
German (Hessian) - Frohe Weihnachte unn ein gudes neus Jahr!
German (Swiss) - Schöni Wienachte und e guets neus Jahr! Schöni Wiehnachte und es guets Neus! Schöni Wiänachtä, äs guets Nöis!
German (Pennsylvania) - En frehlicher Grischtdaag un en hallich Nei Yaahr!
Greek - Καλά Χριστούγεννα! (kalá hristúyenna) Ευτυχισμένο το Νέο Έτος! (eftyhisméno to Néo Étos!) Καλή χρονιά! (kalí hroñá)
Greenlandic - Juullimi ukiortaasamilu pilluaritsi!
Hausa - Barka da Kirsimatikuma barka da sabuwar shekara!
Hawaiian - Mele Kalikimaka me ka Hauʻoli Makahiki Hou!
Hebrew - חג מולד שמח ושנה טובה Chag Molad Sameach v'Shanah Tovah
Hiligaynon - Malipayon nga Paskwa!
Mahamungayaon - Nga Bag-ong Tuig sa inyong tanan!
Hindi - शुभ क्रिसमस (Śubh krisamas) नये साल की हार्दिक शुभकामनायें (Naye sāl kī hārdik śubhkāmnayeṅ)
Hungarian - Kellemes karácsonyt és boldog új évet!
Icelandic - Gleðileg jól og farsælt komandi ár! Gleðileg jól og farsælt nýtt ár!
Ilokano - Naragsak a Paskua! Narang-ay a Baro a Tawen kadakayo amin!
Indonesian - Selamat hari natal dan tahun baru!
Inonhan - Malipayon nga Paskwa kag Masadya nga Bag-ong Tuig sa inyo tanan!
Inuktitut - Kuvianak Inovia! IñupiaqQuvianagli Anaiyyuniqpaliqsi suli Nakuuluni Ukiutqiutiqsi! InupiatunAnnaurri Aniruq-lu Paglaun Ukiutchiaq! Quvianaq Agaayuniqpak-lu Paglaun Ukiutchiaq! Nayaangmik Piqagiñ-lu Paglaun Ukiutchiaq!
Irish (Gaelic) - Nollaig shona duit! Beannachtaí na Nollag! Beannachtaí an tSéasúir! Athbhliain faoi mhaise duit! Bliain úr faoi shéan is faoi mhaise duit!
Italian - Buon Natale e felice anno nuovo!
Japanese - メリークリスマス (merī kurisumasu) 新年おめでとうございます (shinnen omedetō gozaimasu) 明けましておめでとうございます (akemashite omedetō gozaimasu) 旧年中大変お世話になりました (kyūnenjū taihen osewa ni narimashita) 本年もよろしくお願いいたします (honnen mo yoroshiku onegai itashimasu)
Jèrriais - Bouan Noué / Jouaiyeux Noué et Bouonne année! Un Bouan Noué et lé Nouvel An!
Judeo-Spanish / Ladino - Noel alegre i felis anyo muevo!
Kapampangan - Masayang Pasku! Masaplalang Bayung Banwa keko ngan!
Kazakh - Жаңа жыл құтты болсын! (Jaña jıl quttı bolsın!) Жаңа жылыңыз құтты болсын! (Jaña jılıñız quttı bolsın!)
Kinyarwanda - Noheri nziza n'umwaka mushya muhire!
Kirghiz - Жаны Жылыныздар куттуу болсун!
Korean - 즐거운 성탄절 보내세요 및 새해 복 많이 받으세요 (jeulgeoun seongtanjeol bonaeseyo mich saehae bok manhi bateusaeyo) 메리 크리스마스 잘 지내고 새해 복 많이 받으세요
(meri keuriseumaseu mich saehae bok manhi bateusaeyo)
Kurdish (Kurmanji) - Kirîsmes u ser sala we pîroz be!
Kurdish (Sorani) - Kirîsmes u salî nwêtan lê pîroz bê!
Lao - Souksan van Christmas! Sabai dee pee mai!
Latin - Natale hilare et annum faustum!
Latvian - Priecīgus Ziemassvētkus un laimīgu Jauno gadu!
Lithuanian - Linksmų Kalėdų ir laimingų Naujųjų Metų!
Luganda - Mbagaliza Christmass Enungi Nomwaka Omugya Gubaberere Gwamirembe!
Luxembourgish - E schéine Chrëschtdag an e glécklecht neit Joer!
Schéi Feierdeeg an e glécklecht neit Joer! Schéi Chrëschtdeeg an e gudde Rutsch an d'neit Joer!
Macedonian - Христос се роди! (Hristoc se rodi!) Среќен Божик и среќна Нова година! (Sreken Božik i srekna Nova godina)
Malagasy - Mirary noely sambatra! Arahabaina tratrin'ny taona vaovao!
Malay - Selamat Hari Natal! Selamat Tahun Baru!
Malayalam - പുഥുവല്സര ആശംസകല് (puthuvalsara aashamsakal) ക്രിസ്തുമസ് ആശംസകല് (kariistumasu aashamsakal) നവവല്സര ആശംസകല് (nava-valsara aashamsakal)
MalteseI - l-Milied Ħieni u s-Sena t-Tajba! Awguri għas-sena l-ġdid!
Manx - Nollick Ghennal as Blein Vie Noa!
Māori - Meri Kirihimete me ngā mihi o te tau hou ki a koutou katoa!
Marathi - शुभ नाताळ (Śubh Nātāḷ) नवीन वर्षच्या हार्दिक शुभेच्छा (Navīn varṣacyā hārdik śubhecchā)
Mongolian - Танд зул сарын баярын болон шинэ жилийн мэндийг хүргэе (Tand zul sariin bayriin bolon shine jiliin mendiig hurgey)
Navajo - Ya'at'eeh Keshmish!
Nepali - क्रस्मसको शुभकामना तथा नयाँ वर्षको शुभकामना
(krismas ko subhakamana tatha nayabarsha ko subhakamana)
Norwegian - God jul og godt nytt år! God jol og godt nyttår!
Occitan - Polit Nadal e bona annada!
Ogoni - Eenyie Mea Krist Ne Eenyie Aagbaa!
Old English - Glæd Geol and Gesælig Niw Gear!
Pangasinan - Maabig ya Pasko! Maaligwas ya Balon Taon ed sikayon amin!
Papiamentu - Bon Pasku i Felis Anja Nobo!
Persian - (kerismas mobārak) كریسمس مبارک
(sale no mobārak) سال نو مبارک
Polish - Wesołych świąt i szczęśliwego nowego roku!
Portuguese - Feliz Natal e próspero ano novo! Feliz Ano Novo!
Boas Festas e Feliz Ano Novo! Um Santo e Feliz Natal!
Punjab - iਕਰਿਸਮ ਤੇ ਨਵਾੰ ਸਾਲ ਖੁਸ਼ਿਯਾੰਵਾਲਾ ਹੋਵੇ (karisama te nawāṃ sāla khušayāṃwālā hewe)
Quenya - Alassëa Hristomerendë! Alassëa Vinyarië!
Rarotongan - Kia orana e kia manuia rava i teia Kiritimeti e te Mataiti Ou!
Romansh (Sursilvan dialect) - Legreivlas fiastas da Nadal ed in bien niev onn!
Romanian - Crăciun fericit şi un An Nou Fericit!
Russian - С наступающим Новым Годом! (S nastupayuščim Novym Godom) С Рождеством Христовым! (S Roždestvom Khristovym)
Samoan - Manuia le Kerisimasi, ma le Tausaga Fou!
Scots - A Blythe Yule an a Guid Hogmanay! Merry Christmas an a Guid Hogmanay!
Scottish - GaelicNollaig chridheil agus bliadhna mhath ùr!
Serbian (Orthodox) Христос се роди и срећна Нова година!
Serbian (Non-Orthodox) Срећан Божић и срећна Нова година!
Sesotho - Keresemese e monate le mahlohonolo a selemo se setjha!
Sicilian - Bon Natali e filici annu novu!
Sindarin - Mereth Veren e-Doled Eruion! Garo Idhrinn Eden Veren!
Slovak - Veselé vianoce a Štastný nový rok!
Slovenian - Vesel božič in Srečno novo leto!
Somali - Ciid wanaagsan iyo sanad cusub oo fiican!
Spanish - ¡Feliz Navidad y próspero año nuevo!
Swahili - Krismasi Njema! Heri ya krismas! Heri ya mwaka mpya!
Swedish - God jul och gott nytt år!
Tagalog - Maligayang Pasko, Manigong bagong taon!
Tamil - Nathar Puthu Varuda Valthukkal
Tahitian - Ia orana no te noere! Ia orana i te matahiti api!
Telugu - సంతోషకరమైన క్రిస్ఠ్మస్ ! (saṅthoashakaramaina kristmas) మరియు నూతన సంవత్సర శుభాకాంక్షలు (mariyu noothana saṅvathsara shubhaakaaṅkshalu)
Thai - สุขสันต์วันคริสต์มาส และสวัสดีปีใหม (souksaan wan Christmas sawatdii pimaï)
Tibetan - Iosalazashidele
Tigrinya - rHus beˋal ldet (ygberelka) rHus əwed ˋamet (ygberelka)
Tongan - Kilisimasi fiefia mo ha ta'u fo'ou monū'ia!
Tsotsil - Xmuyubajuk ti avo'one ti ta k'ine xchu'uk ti ta ach' jabile!
Turkish - İyi Noeller ve Mutlu Yıllar! İyi seneler / Yeni yılınız kutlu olsun! Yeni yılınızı kutlar, sağlık ve başarılar dileriz!
Ukrainian - Веселого Різдва і з Новим Роком!
Urdu - کرسمَس مبارک
نايا سال مبارک هو
بڑدا دنمبارک هو
Uzbek - Yangi yilingiz bilan!
Vietnamese - Chúc Giáng Sinh Vui Vẻ và Chúc Năm Mới Tốt Lành!
Volapük - Lemotöfazäli yofik e nulayeli läbik!
Võro - Hüvvä joulu ja õnnõlikku vahtsõt aastakka!
Waray-Waray - Maupay nga Pasko! Mainuswagon nga Bag-ong Tuig ha iyo ngatanan!
Welsh - Nadolig llawen a blwyddyn newydd dda!
West Inuktitun - Quvianaq Qitchirvik/Quviahugitsi Quviahugvingmi amma Quvianaq Ukiuaq Nutaaq Tikingmivuq!
Xhosa - Siniqwenelela Ikrisimesi Emnandi Nonyaka Omtsha Ozele Iintsikelelo!
Yorùbá - Ẹ ku Ayọ Keresimesi ati Ọdun Tuntun!
Zulu - Sinifesela uKhisimusi oMuhle noNyaka oMusha oNempumelelo!
Bahasa Malaysia - Selamat Hari Natal!
Bengali - Shuvo Baro Din - Shuvo Nabo Barsho!
Corsican - Bon Natale e Bon capu d' annu!
Crazanian - Rot Yikji Dol La Roo!
Duri - Christmas-e- Shoma Mobarak!
Eskimo - Jutdlime pivdluarit ukiortame pivdluaritlo!
Indonesian -Selamat Hari Natal!
Karelian - Rastawanke Sinun, Uvven Vuvenke Sinun!
Lappic - Buorit Juovllat ja Buorre Oddajahki!
Lausitzian - Wjesole hody a strowe nowe leto!
Livian - Riiemlizi Talspividi ja pagin vonno udaigastos!
Low Saxon - Heughliche Winachten un 'n moi Nijaar!
Marathi - Shub Naya Varsh!
Maori - Meri Kirihimete!
Monogasque - Festusu Natale e Bona ana noeva!
Oriya -Sukhamaya christmass ebang khusibhara naba barsa!
Papua New Guinea - Bikpela hamamas blong dispela Krismas na Nupela yia i go long yu!
Philippines Maligayang - Pasco at Manigong Bagong Taon!
Pashto - De Christmas akhtar de bakhtawar au newai kal de mubarak sha!
Punjabi - Nave sal di mubaraka!
Pushto - Christmas Aao Ne-way Kaal Mo Mobarak Sha!
Raeto-Ramance - Bella Festas da zNadal ed in Ventiravel Onn Nov!
Rhetian - Bellas festas da nadal e bun onn!
Romanche - Legreivlas fiastas da Nadal e bien niev onn!
Romani (GYPSY) - Bachtalo krecunu Thaj Bachtalo Nevo Bers!
Sami - Buorrit Juovllat!
Samoan - Manuia le Kerisimasi ma le Tausaga Fou!
Sardian - Felize Nadale e Bonu Cabuannu!
Sardinian -Bonu nadale e prosperu annu nou!
Surinamese (SRANANTONGO) - Wan Santa Bedaki!
Singhalese - Subha nath thalak Vewa. Subha Aluth Awrudhak Vewa!
Sorbian - Wjesole hody a strowe Nowe leto!
Somali - Ciid wanaagsan iyo sanad cusub oo fiican!
Sudanese - Wilujeng Natal Sareng Warsa Enggal!
Tagalog - Maligayang Pasko at Manigong Bagong Taon!
Tamil - Nathar Puthu Varuda Valthukkal!
Tok Pisin - Meri Krismas & Hepi Nu Yia!
Tongan - Kilisimasi Fiefia & Ta'u fo'ou monu ia!
Tswana - Keresemose o monate le masego a ngwaga o montsha!
Urdu - Naya Saal Mubarak Ho!
Vanina - Bon Natale a Tutti!
Vepsi - Rastvoidenke i Udenke Vodenke!
Yayeya - Krisema!
Afrikander - Een Plesierige Kerfees!
Tigrinja - Rehus-Beal-Ledeats!
Assyrian - Eidokhon Avee Brikha!
Azari - Bayramez Mobarak Olsen!
Bicolano - Maugmang Capascuhan asin Masaganang Ba-gong Taon!
Iban - Selamat Ari Krismas enggau Taun Baru!
Kadazan -Kotobian Tadau Do Krimas om Toun Vagu!
Trukeese - Neekirissimas annim oo iyer seefe feyiyeech!
Sobota - Dobro dedek!
Udmurt - Shuldyr Ymuśton!
Iroquois - Ojenyunyat Sungwiyadeson honungradon nagwutut. Ojenyunyat osrasay!
English - Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year!
Afrikaans - Geseënde Kersfees en 'n gelukkige nuwe jaar! Geseënde Kersfees en 'n voorspoedige Nuwe jaar!
Akeanon - Maayad-ayad nga Paskwa! Mahigugmaon nga Bag-ong Dag-on kinyo tanan!
Albanian - Gëzuar Krishtlindjet e Vitin e Ri!
Aleut - Kamgan Ukudigaa!
Alsatian - E güeti Wïnâchte un e gleckichs Nej Johr!
Amharic - Melkam Gena! Melkam Addis Amet!
Apache (Western) - Gozhqq Keshmish!
Arabic (Modern Standard)أجمل التهاني بمناسبة الميلاد و حلول السنة الجديدة
(ajmil at-tihānī bimunāsabah al-mīlād wa ḥilūl as-sanah al-jadīdah)
Armenian (Eastern) - Շնորհավոր Ամանոր և Սուրբ Ծնունդ (Shnorhavor Amanor yev Surb Tznund)
Armenian (Western) - Շնորհաւոր Նոր Տարի եւ Սուրբ Ծնունդ: (Shnorhavor Nor Daree yev Soorp Dzuhnoont) Բարի կաղանդ և ամանոր (Paree gaghant yev amanor)
Aromanian - Cãrciun hãrios (Hristolu s-aflà! Dealihea cà s-afla!)
shi ti multsã-anji Anlu Nàù!
Asturian - Bones Navidaes y Gayoleru añu nuevu!
Aymara - Sooma Nawira-ra!
Azerbaijani - Yeni Iliniz Mübarək / Təzə iliniz yaxşı olsun!
Basque - Zorionak eta urte berri on!
Belarusian - З Божым нараджэннем! (Z Bozym naradzenniem!) Шчаслівых Калядау! (Szczaslivych Kaliadau!) З Новым годам i Калядамi! (Z Novym godam i Kaliadami!)
Bengali - শুভ বড়দিন (shubho bôṛodin) শুভ নববর্ষ (shubho nôbobôrsho)
Bikol - Maogmang Pasko! Mamura-way na Ba-gong Taon sa indo gabos!
Blackfoot - I'taamomahkatoyiiksistsikomi!
Bosnian - Sretan Bozic i sretna nova godina!
Breton - Nedeleg laouen ha bloavezh mat!
Bulgarian - Честита Коледа! (Čestita Koleda!) Щастлива Нова Година! (Štastliva Nova Godina!)
Catalan - Bon Nadal i feliç any nou!
Cebuano - Maayong Pasko! Mabungahong Bag-ong Tuig kaninyong tanan!
Chamorro - Felis Nåbidåt yan Magof na Åñu Nuebu! Felis Påsgua yan Magof na Åñu Nuebu!
Cherokee - Danistayohihv & Aliheli'sdi Itse Udetiyvasadisv!
Cheyenne - Hoesenestotse & Aa'eEmona'e!
Chinese (Cantonese) - 聖誕節同新年快樂 (singdaanjit tùnhg sànnìhn faailohk)
Chinese (Hakka) - 聖誕節快樂, 新年快樂 (shin5-tan5-ziet7 kwai5-lok8, sin1-ngien2 kwai5-lok8)
Chinese (Mandarin) - 聖誕快樂 新年快樂 [圣诞快乐 新年快乐] (shèngdàn kuàilè xīnnián kuàilè)
Chinese (Shanghainese) - 圣诞节快乐 (sendaijiq kualoq) 新年快乐 (sinni kualoq)
Chinese (Taiwanese) - Sèng-tàn-chiat Khòai-lo̍k (聖誕節快樂)
Sin-nî Chhut-thâu-thiⁿ (新年出頭天)
Chinese (Teochew) - 圣诞快乐 (siandang kuailak) 新年快乐 (singnin kuailak)
Choctaw - Yukpa, Nitak Hollo Chito!
Comanche - Tsaa Nu̶u̶sukatu̶̲ Waa Himaru̶!
Cornish - Nadelik Lowen ha Blydhen Nowydh Da! Nadelik Looan ha Looan Blethen Noweth! Nadelack looan ha looan blethan noueth!
Cree - Mitho Makosi Kesikansi!
Creek - Afvcke Nettvcakorakko!
Croatian - Sretan Božić! Sretna Nova godina!
Czech - Veselé vánoce a šťastný nový rok!
Danish - Glædelig jul og godt nytår!
Dutch - Prettige kerstdagen en een Gelukkig Nieuwjaar! Zalig kerstfeest en Gelukkig Nieuwjaar!
East Inuktitut - Quviasummi Quviasugitsi/Quviasuvvisiutsiarit ammalu Qitinngumarik!
Esperanto - Ĝojan/Bonan Kristnaskon kaj feliĉan novan jaron!
Estonian - Rõõmsaid Jõule ja Head Uut Aastat! Häid Jõule ja Head Uut Aastat!
Faroese - Gleðilig Jól og eydnuríkt nýggjár! Gleðilig Jól og gott nýggjár! Gleiðilig jól og eitt av harranum signað nýggjár!
Fijian - Me Nomuni na marau ni siga ni sucu dei na yabaki vou!
Finnish - Hyvää joulua ja onnellista uutta vuotta!
Flemish - Zalig Kerstfeest en Gelukkig nieuw jaar!
Frisian - Noflike Krystdagen en folle lok en seine!
French - Joyeux Noël et bonne année!
Friulian - Bon Nadâl e Biel An Gnûv!
Galician - Bo Nadal e próspero aninovo!
Georgian - გილოცავთ შობა-ახალ წელს (gilocavth shoba-akhal c’els) გილოცავ შობა-ახალ წელს (gilocav shoba-akhal c’els)
German - Fröhliche Weihnachten und ein gutes neues Jahr!
German (Bavarian) - Froue Weihnåcht'n, und a guad's nei's Joah!
German (Hessian) - Frohe Weihnachte unn ein gudes neus Jahr!
German (Swiss) - Schöni Wienachte und e guets neus Jahr! Schöni Wiehnachte und es guets Neus! Schöni Wiänachtä, äs guets Nöis!
German (Pennsylvania) - En frehlicher Grischtdaag un en hallich Nei Yaahr!
Greek - Καλά Χριστούγεννα! (kalá hristúyenna) Ευτυχισμένο το Νέο Έτος! (eftyhisméno to Néo Étos!) Καλή χρονιά! (kalí hroñá)
Greenlandic - Juullimi ukiortaasamilu pilluaritsi!
Hausa - Barka da Kirsimatikuma barka da sabuwar shekara!
Hawaiian - Mele Kalikimaka me ka Hauʻoli Makahiki Hou!
Hebrew - חג מולד שמח ושנה טובה Chag Molad Sameach v'Shanah Tovah
Hiligaynon - Malipayon nga Paskwa!
Mahamungayaon - Nga Bag-ong Tuig sa inyong tanan!
Hindi - शुभ क्रिसमस (Śubh krisamas) नये साल की हार्दिक शुभकामनायें (Naye sāl kī hārdik śubhkāmnayeṅ)
Hungarian - Kellemes karácsonyt és boldog új évet!
Icelandic - Gleðileg jól og farsælt komandi ár! Gleðileg jól og farsælt nýtt ár!
Ilokano - Naragsak a Paskua! Narang-ay a Baro a Tawen kadakayo amin!
Indonesian - Selamat hari natal dan tahun baru!
Inonhan - Malipayon nga Paskwa kag Masadya nga Bag-ong Tuig sa inyo tanan!
Inuktitut - Kuvianak Inovia! IñupiaqQuvianagli Anaiyyuniqpaliqsi suli Nakuuluni Ukiutqiutiqsi! InupiatunAnnaurri Aniruq-lu Paglaun Ukiutchiaq! Quvianaq Agaayuniqpak-lu Paglaun Ukiutchiaq! Nayaangmik Piqagiñ-lu Paglaun Ukiutchiaq!
Irish (Gaelic) - Nollaig shona duit! Beannachtaí na Nollag! Beannachtaí an tSéasúir! Athbhliain faoi mhaise duit! Bliain úr faoi shéan is faoi mhaise duit!
Italian - Buon Natale e felice anno nuovo!
Japanese - メリークリスマス (merī kurisumasu) 新年おめでとうございます (shinnen omedetō gozaimasu) 明けましておめでとうございます (akemashite omedetō gozaimasu) 旧年中大変お世話になりました (kyūnenjū taihen osewa ni narimashita) 本年もよろしくお願いいたします (honnen mo yoroshiku onegai itashimasu)
Jèrriais - Bouan Noué / Jouaiyeux Noué et Bouonne année! Un Bouan Noué et lé Nouvel An!
Judeo-Spanish / Ladino - Noel alegre i felis anyo muevo!
Kapampangan - Masayang Pasku! Masaplalang Bayung Banwa keko ngan!
Kazakh - Жаңа жыл құтты болсын! (Jaña jıl quttı bolsın!) Жаңа жылыңыз құтты болсын! (Jaña jılıñız quttı bolsın!)
Kinyarwanda - Noheri nziza n'umwaka mushya muhire!
Kirghiz - Жаны Жылыныздар куттуу болсун!
Korean - 즐거운 성탄절 보내세요 및 새해 복 많이 받으세요 (jeulgeoun seongtanjeol bonaeseyo mich saehae bok manhi bateusaeyo) 메리 크리스마스 잘 지내고 새해 복 많이 받으세요
(meri keuriseumaseu mich saehae bok manhi bateusaeyo)
Kurdish (Kurmanji) - Kirîsmes u ser sala we pîroz be!
Kurdish (Sorani) - Kirîsmes u salî nwêtan lê pîroz bê!
Lao - Souksan van Christmas! Sabai dee pee mai!
Latin - Natale hilare et annum faustum!
Latvian - Priecīgus Ziemassvētkus un laimīgu Jauno gadu!
Lithuanian - Linksmų Kalėdų ir laimingų Naujųjų Metų!
Luganda - Mbagaliza Christmass Enungi Nomwaka Omugya Gubaberere Gwamirembe!
Luxembourgish - E schéine Chrëschtdag an e glécklecht neit Joer!
Schéi Feierdeeg an e glécklecht neit Joer! Schéi Chrëschtdeeg an e gudde Rutsch an d'neit Joer!
Macedonian - Христос се роди! (Hristoc se rodi!) Среќен Божик и среќна Нова година! (Sreken Božik i srekna Nova godina)
Malagasy - Mirary noely sambatra! Arahabaina tratrin'ny taona vaovao!
Malay - Selamat Hari Natal! Selamat Tahun Baru!
Malayalam - പുഥുവല്സര ആശംസകല് (puthuvalsara aashamsakal) ക്രിസ്തുമസ് ആശംസകല് (kariistumasu aashamsakal) നവവല്സര ആശംസകല് (nava-valsara aashamsakal)
MalteseI - l-Milied Ħieni u s-Sena t-Tajba! Awguri għas-sena l-ġdid!
Manx - Nollick Ghennal as Blein Vie Noa!
Māori - Meri Kirihimete me ngā mihi o te tau hou ki a koutou katoa!
Marathi - शुभ नाताळ (Śubh Nātāḷ) नवीन वर्षच्या हार्दिक शुभेच्छा (Navīn varṣacyā hārdik śubhecchā)
Mongolian - Танд зул сарын баярын болон шинэ жилийн мэндийг хүргэе (Tand zul sariin bayriin bolon shine jiliin mendiig hurgey)
Navajo - Ya'at'eeh Keshmish!
Nepali - क्रस्मसको शुभकामना तथा नयाँ वर्षको शुभकामना
(krismas ko subhakamana tatha nayabarsha ko subhakamana)
Norwegian - God jul og godt nytt år! God jol og godt nyttår!
Occitan - Polit Nadal e bona annada!
Ogoni - Eenyie Mea Krist Ne Eenyie Aagbaa!
Old English - Glæd Geol and Gesælig Niw Gear!
Pangasinan - Maabig ya Pasko! Maaligwas ya Balon Taon ed sikayon amin!
Papiamentu - Bon Pasku i Felis Anja Nobo!
Persian - (kerismas mobārak) كریسمس مبارک
(sale no mobārak) سال نو مبارک
Polish - Wesołych świąt i szczęśliwego nowego roku!
Portuguese - Feliz Natal e próspero ano novo! Feliz Ano Novo!
Boas Festas e Feliz Ano Novo! Um Santo e Feliz Natal!
Punjab - iਕਰਿਸਮ ਤੇ ਨਵਾੰ ਸਾਲ ਖੁਸ਼ਿਯਾੰਵਾਲਾ ਹੋਵੇ (karisama te nawāṃ sāla khušayāṃwālā hewe)
Quenya - Alassëa Hristomerendë! Alassëa Vinyarië!
Rarotongan - Kia orana e kia manuia rava i teia Kiritimeti e te Mataiti Ou!
Romansh (Sursilvan dialect) - Legreivlas fiastas da Nadal ed in bien niev onn!
Romanian - Crăciun fericit şi un An Nou Fericit!
Russian - С наступающим Новым Годом! (S nastupayuščim Novym Godom) С Рождеством Христовым! (S Roždestvom Khristovym)
Samoan - Manuia le Kerisimasi, ma le Tausaga Fou!
Scots - A Blythe Yule an a Guid Hogmanay! Merry Christmas an a Guid Hogmanay!
Scottish - GaelicNollaig chridheil agus bliadhna mhath ùr!
Serbian (Orthodox) Христос се роди и срећна Нова година!
Serbian (Non-Orthodox) Срећан Божић и срећна Нова година!
Sesotho - Keresemese e monate le mahlohonolo a selemo se setjha!
Sicilian - Bon Natali e filici annu novu!
Sindarin - Mereth Veren e-Doled Eruion! Garo Idhrinn Eden Veren!
Slovak - Veselé vianoce a Štastný nový rok!
Slovenian - Vesel božič in Srečno novo leto!
Somali - Ciid wanaagsan iyo sanad cusub oo fiican!
Spanish - ¡Feliz Navidad y próspero año nuevo!
Swahili - Krismasi Njema! Heri ya krismas! Heri ya mwaka mpya!
Swedish - God jul och gott nytt år!
Tagalog - Maligayang Pasko, Manigong bagong taon!
Tamil - Nathar Puthu Varuda Valthukkal
Tahitian - Ia orana no te noere! Ia orana i te matahiti api!
Telugu - సంతోషకరమైన క్రిస్ఠ్మస్ ! (saṅthoashakaramaina kristmas) మరియు నూతన సంవత్సర శుభాకాంక్షలు (mariyu noothana saṅvathsara shubhaakaaṅkshalu)
Thai - สุขสันต์วันคริสต์มาส และสวัสดีปีใหม (souksaan wan Christmas sawatdii pimaï)
Tibetan - Iosalazashidele
Tigrinya - rHus beˋal ldet (ygberelka) rHus əwed ˋamet (ygberelka)
Tongan - Kilisimasi fiefia mo ha ta'u fo'ou monū'ia!
Tsotsil - Xmuyubajuk ti avo'one ti ta k'ine xchu'uk ti ta ach' jabile!
Turkish - İyi Noeller ve Mutlu Yıllar! İyi seneler / Yeni yılınız kutlu olsun! Yeni yılınızı kutlar, sağlık ve başarılar dileriz!
Ukrainian - Веселого Різдва і з Новим Роком!
Urdu - کرسمَس مبارک
نايا سال مبارک هو
بڑدا دنمبارک هو
Uzbek - Yangi yilingiz bilan!
Vietnamese - Chúc Giáng Sinh Vui Vẻ và Chúc Năm Mới Tốt Lành!
Volapük - Lemotöfazäli yofik e nulayeli läbik!
Võro - Hüvvä joulu ja õnnõlikku vahtsõt aastakka!
Waray-Waray - Maupay nga Pasko! Mainuswagon nga Bag-ong Tuig ha iyo ngatanan!
Welsh - Nadolig llawen a blwyddyn newydd dda!
West Inuktitun - Quvianaq Qitchirvik/Quviahugitsi Quviahugvingmi amma Quvianaq Ukiuaq Nutaaq Tikingmivuq!
Xhosa - Siniqwenelela Ikrisimesi Emnandi Nonyaka Omtsha Ozele Iintsikelelo!
Yorùbá - Ẹ ku Ayọ Keresimesi ati Ọdun Tuntun!
Zulu - Sinifesela uKhisimusi oMuhle noNyaka oMusha oNempumelelo!
Bahasa Malaysia - Selamat Hari Natal!
Bengali - Shuvo Baro Din - Shuvo Nabo Barsho!
Corsican - Bon Natale e Bon capu d' annu!
Crazanian - Rot Yikji Dol La Roo!
Duri - Christmas-e- Shoma Mobarak!
Eskimo - Jutdlime pivdluarit ukiortame pivdluaritlo!
Gypsy - Romani - Bachtalo krecunu Thaj Bachtalo Nevo Bers!
Indonesian -Selamat Hari Natal!
Karelian - Rastawanke Sinun, Uvven Vuvenke Sinun!
Lappic - Buorit Juovllat ja Buorre Oddajahki!
Lausitzian - Wjesole hody a strowe nowe leto!
Livian - Riiemlizi Talspividi ja pagin vonno udaigastos!
Low Saxon - Heughliche Winachten un 'n moi Nijaar!
Marathi - Shub Naya Varsh!
Maori - Meri Kirihimete!
Monogasque - Festusu Natale e Bona ana noeva!
Oriya -Sukhamaya christmass ebang khusibhara naba barsa!
Papua New Guinea - Bikpela hamamas blong dispela Krismas na Nupela yia i go long yu!
Philippines Maligayang - Pasco at Manigong Bagong Taon!
Pashto - De Christmas akhtar de bakhtawar au newai kal de mubarak sha!
Punjabi - Nave sal di mubaraka!
Pushto - Christmas Aao Ne-way Kaal Mo Mobarak Sha!
Raeto-Ramance - Bella Festas da zNadal ed in Ventiravel Onn Nov!
Rhetian - Bellas festas da nadal e bun onn!
Romanche - Legreivlas fiastas da Nadal e bien niev onn!
Sami - Buorrit Juovllat!
Samoan - Manuia le Kerisimasi ma le Tausaga Fou!
Sardian - Felize Nadale e Bonu Cabuannu!
Sardinian -Bonu nadale e prosperu annu nou!
Surinamese (SRANANTONGO) - Wan Santa Bedaki!
Singhalese - Subha nath thalak Vewa. Subha Aluth Awrudhak Vewa!
Sorbian - Wjesole hody a strowe Nowe leto!
Somali - Ciid wanaagsan iyo sanad cusub oo fiican!
Sudanese - Wilujeng Natal Sareng Warsa Enggal!
Tagalog - Maligayang Pasko at Manigong Bagong Taon!
Tamil - Nathar Puthu Varuda Valthukkal!
Tok Pisin - Meri Krismas & Hepi Nu Yia!
Tongan - Kilisimasi Fiefia & Ta'u fo'ou monu ia!
Tswana - Keresemose o monate le masego a ngwaga o montsha!
Urdu - Naya Saal Mubarak Ho!
Vanina - Bon Natale a Tutti!
Vepsi - Rastvoidenke i Udenke Vodenke!
Yayeya - Krisema!
Afrikander - Een Plesierige Kerfees!
Tigrinja - Rehus-Beal-Ledeats!
Assyrian - Eidokhon Avee Brikha!
Azari - Bayramez Mobarak Olsen!
Bicolano - Maugmang Capascuhan asin Masaganang Ba-gong Taon!
Iban - Selamat Ari Krismas enggau Taun Baru!
Kadazan -Kotobian Tadau Do Krimas om Toun Vagu!
Trukeese - Neekirissimas annim oo iyer seefe feyiyeech!
Sobota - Dobro dedek!
Udmurt - Shuldyr Ymuśton!
Iroquois - Ojenyunyat Sungwiyadeson honungradon nagwutut. Ojenyunyat osrasay!
Glass balls complete with thread ready to go onto the Christmas tree at last!
Festive season photography.
Lots more photos like this in my Christmas Set
English - Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year!
Afrikaans - Geseënde Kersfees en 'n gelukkige nuwe jaar! Geseënde Kersfees en 'n voorspoedige Nuwe jaar!
Akeanon - Maayad-ayad nga Paskwa! Mahigugmaon nga Bag-ong Dag-on kinyo tanan!
Albanian - Gëzuar Krishtlindjet e Vitin e Ri!
Aleut - Kamgan Ukudigaa!
Alsatian - E güeti Wïnâchte un e gleckichs Nej Johr!
Amharic - Melkam Gena! Melkam Addis Amet!
Apache (Western) - Gozhqq Keshmish!
Arabic (Modern Standard)أجمل التهاني بمناسبة الميلاد و حلول السنة الجديدة
(ajmil at-tihānī bimunāsabah al-mīlād wa ḥilūl as-sanah al-jadīdah)
Armenian (Eastern) - Շնորհավոր Ամանոր և Սուրբ Ծնունդ (Shnorhavor Amanor yev Surb Tznund)
Armenian (Western) - Շնորհաւոր Նոր Տարի եւ Սուրբ Ծնունդ: (Shnorhavor Nor Daree yev Soorp Dzuhnoont) Բարի կաղանդ և ամանոր (Paree gaghant yev amanor)
Aromanian - Cãrciun hãrios (Hristolu s-aflà! Dealihea cà s-afla!)
shi ti multsã-anji Anlu Nàù!
Asturian - Bones Navidaes y Gayoleru añu nuevu!
Aymara - Sooma Nawira-ra!
Azerbaijani - Yeni Iliniz Mübarək / Təzə iliniz yaxşı olsun!
Basque - Zorionak eta urte berri on!
Belarusian - З Божым нараджэннем! (Z Bozym naradzenniem!) Шчаслівых Калядау! (Szczaslivych Kaliadau!) З Новым годам i Калядамi! (Z Novym godam i Kaliadami!)
Bengali - শুভ বড়দিন (shubho bôṛodin) শুভ নববর্ষ (shubho nôbobôrsho)
Bikol - Maogmang Pasko! Mamura-way na Ba-gong Taon sa indo gabos!
Blackfoot - I'taamomahkatoyiiksistsikomi!
Bosnian - Sretan Bozic i sretna nova godina!
Breton - Nedeleg laouen ha bloavezh mat!
Bulgarian - Честита Коледа! (Čestita Koleda!) Щастлива Нова Година! (Štastliva Nova Godina!)
Catalan - Bon Nadal i feliç any nou!
Cebuano - Maayong Pasko! Mabungahong Bag-ong Tuig kaninyong tanan!
Chamorro - Felis Nåbidåt yan Magof na Åñu Nuebu! Felis Påsgua yan Magof na Åñu Nuebu!
Cherokee - Danistayohihv & Aliheli'sdi Itse Udetiyvasadisv!
Cheyenne - Hoesenestotse & Aa'eEmona'e!
Chinese (Cantonese) - 聖誕節同新年快樂 (singdaanjit tùnhg sànnìhn faailohk)
Chinese (Hakka) - 聖誕節快樂, 新年快樂 (shin5-tan5-ziet7 kwai5-lok8, sin1-ngien2 kwai5-lok8)
Chinese (Mandarin) - 聖誕快樂 新年快樂 [圣诞快乐 新年快乐] (shèngdàn kuàilè xīnnián kuàilè)
Chinese (Shanghainese) - 圣诞节快乐 (sendaijiq kualoq) 新年快乐 (sinni kualoq)
Chinese (Taiwanese) - Sèng-tàn-chiat Khòai-lo̍k (聖誕節快樂)
Sin-nî Chhut-thâu-thiⁿ (新年出頭天)
Chinese (Teochew) - 圣诞快乐 (siandang kuailak) 新年快乐 (singnin kuailak)
Choctaw - Yukpa, Nitak Hollo Chito!
Comanche - Tsaa Nu̶u̶sukatu̶̲ Waa Himaru̶!
Cornish - Nadelik Lowen ha Blydhen Nowydh Da! Nadelik Looan ha Looan Blethen Noweth! Nadelack looan ha looan blethan noueth!
Cree - Mitho Makosi Kesikansi!
Creek - Afvcke Nettvcakorakko!
Croatian - Sretan Božić! Sretna Nova godina!
Czech - Veselé vánoce a šťastný nový rok!
Danish - Glædelig jul og godt nytår!
Dutch - Prettige kerstdagen en een Gelukkig Nieuwjaar! Zalig kerstfeest en Gelukkig Nieuwjaar!
East Inuktitut - Quviasummi Quviasugitsi/Quviasuvvisiutsiarit ammalu Qitinngumarik!
Esperanto - Ĝojan/Bonan Kristnaskon kaj feliĉan novan jaron!
Estonian - Rõõmsaid Jõule ja Head Uut Aastat! Häid Jõule ja Head Uut Aastat!
Faroese - Gleðilig Jól og eydnuríkt nýggjár! Gleðilig Jól og gott nýggjár! Gleiðilig jól og eitt av harranum signað nýggjár!
Fijian - Me Nomuni na marau ni siga ni sucu dei na yabaki vou!
Finnish - Hyvää joulua ja onnellista uutta vuotta!
Flemish - Zalig Kerstfeest en Gelukkig nieuw jaar!
Frisian - Noflike Krystdagen en folle lok en seine!
French - Joyeux Noël et bonne année!
Friulian - Bon Nadâl e Biel An Gnûv!
Galician - Bo Nadal e próspero aninovo!
Georgian - გილოცავთ შობა-ახალ წელს (gilocavth shoba-akhal c’els) გილოცავ შობა-ახალ წელს (gilocav shoba-akhal c’els)
German - Fröhliche Weihnachten und ein gutes neues Jahr!
German (Bavarian) - Froue Weihnåcht'n, und a guad's nei's Joah!
German (Hessian) - Frohe Weihnachte unn ein gudes neus Jahr!
German (Swiss) - Schöni Wienachte und e guets neus Jahr! Schöni Wiehnachte und es guets Neus! Schöni Wiänachtä, äs guets Nöis!
German (Pennsylvania) - En frehlicher Grischtdaag un en hallich Nei Yaahr!
Greek - Καλά Χριστούγεννα! (kalá hristúyenna) Ευτυχισμένο το Νέο Έτος! (eftyhisméno to Néo Étos!) Καλή χρονιά! (kalí hroñá)
Greenlandic - Juullimi ukiortaasamilu pilluaritsi!
Hausa - Barka da Kirsimatikuma barka da sabuwar shekara!
Hawaiian - Mele Kalikimaka me ka Hauʻoli Makahiki Hou!
Hebrew - חג מולד שמח ושנה טובה Chag Molad Sameach v'Shanah Tovah
Hiligaynon - Malipayon nga Paskwa!
Mahamungayaon - Nga Bag-ong Tuig sa inyong tanan!
Hindi - शुभ क्रिसमस (Śubh krisamas) नये साल की हार्दिक शुभकामनायें (Naye sāl kī hārdik śubhkāmnayeṅ)
Hungarian - Kellemes karácsonyt és boldog új évet!
Icelandic - Gleðileg jól og farsælt komandi ár! Gleðileg jól og farsælt nýtt ár!
Ilokano - Naragsak a Paskua! Narang-ay a Baro a Tawen kadakayo amin!
Indonesian - Selamat hari natal dan tahun baru!
Inonhan - Malipayon nga Paskwa kag Masadya nga Bag-ong Tuig sa inyo tanan!
Inuktitut - Kuvianak Inovia! IñupiaqQuvianagli Anaiyyuniqpaliqsi suli Nakuuluni Ukiutqiutiqsi! InupiatunAnnaurri Aniruq-lu Paglaun Ukiutchiaq! Quvianaq Agaayuniqpak-lu Paglaun Ukiutchiaq! Nayaangmik Piqagiñ-lu Paglaun Ukiutchiaq!
Irish (Gaelic) - Nollaig shona duit! Beannachtaí na Nollag! Beannachtaí an tSéasúir! Athbhliain faoi mhaise duit! Bliain úr faoi shéan is faoi mhaise duit!
Italian - Buon Natale e felice anno nuovo!
Japanese - メリークリスマス (merī kurisumasu) 新年おめでとうございます (shinnen omedetō gozaimasu) 明けましておめでとうございます (akemashite omedetō gozaimasu) 旧年中大変お世話になりました (kyūnenjū taihen osewa ni narimashita) 本年もよろしくお願いいたします (honnen mo yoroshiku onegai itashimasu)
Jèrriais - Bouan Noué / Jouaiyeux Noué et Bouonne année! Un Bouan Noué et lé Nouvel An!
Judeo-Spanish / Ladino - Noel alegre i felis anyo muevo!
Kapampangan - Masayang Pasku! Masaplalang Bayung Banwa keko ngan!
Kazakh - Жаңа жыл құтты болсын! (Jaña jıl quttı bolsın!) Жаңа жылыңыз құтты болсын! (Jaña jılıñız quttı bolsın!)
Kinyarwanda - Noheri nziza n'umwaka mushya muhire!
Kirghiz - Жаны Жылыныздар куттуу болсун!
Korean - 즐거운 성탄절 보내세요 및 새해 복 많이 받으세요 (jeulgeoun seongtanjeol bonaeseyo mich saehae bok manhi bateusaeyo) 메리 크리스마스 잘 지내고 새해 복 많이 받으세요
(meri keuriseumaseu mich saehae bok manhi bateusaeyo)
Kurdish (Kurmanji) - Kirîsmes u ser sala we pîroz be!
Kurdish (Sorani) - Kirîsmes u salî nwêtan lê pîroz bê!
Lao - Souksan van Christmas! Sabai dee pee mai!
Latin - Natale hilare et annum faustum!
Latvian - Priecīgus Ziemassvētkus un laimīgu Jauno gadu!
Lithuanian - Linksmų Kalėdų ir laimingų Naujųjų Metų!
Luganda - Mbagaliza Christmass Enungi Nomwaka Omugya Gubaberere Gwamirembe!
Luxembourgish - E schéine Chrëschtdag an e glécklecht neit Joer!
Schéi Feierdeeg an e glécklecht neit Joer! Schéi Chrëschtdeeg an e gudde Rutsch an d'neit Joer!
Macedonian - Христос се роди! (Hristoc se rodi!) Среќен Божик и среќна Нова година! (Sreken Božik i srekna Nova godina)
Malagasy - Mirary noely sambatra! Arahabaina tratrin'ny taona vaovao!
Malay - Selamat Hari Natal! Selamat Tahun Baru!
Malayalam - പുഥുവല്സര ആശംസകല് (puthuvalsara aashamsakal) ക്രിസ്തുമസ് ആശംസകല് (kariistumasu aashamsakal) നവവല്സര ആശംസകല് (nava-valsara aashamsakal)
MalteseI - l-Milied Ħieni u s-Sena t-Tajba! Awguri għas-sena l-ġdid!
Manx - Nollick Ghennal as Blein Vie Noa!
Māori - Meri Kirihimete me ngā mihi o te tau hou ki a koutou katoa!
Marathi - शुभ नाताळ (Śubh Nātāḷ) नवीन वर्षच्या हार्दिक शुभेच्छा (Navīn varṣacyā hārdik śubhecchā)
Mongolian - Танд зул сарын баярын болон шинэ жилийн мэндийг хүргэе (Tand zul sariin bayriin bolon shine jiliin mendiig hurgey)
Navajo - Ya'at'eeh Keshmish!
Nepali - क्रस्मसको शुभकामना तथा नयाँ वर्षको शुभकामना
(krismas ko subhakamana tatha nayabarsha ko subhakamana)
Norwegian - God jul og godt nytt år! God jol og godt nyttår!
Occitan - Polit Nadal e bona annada!
Ogoni - Eenyie Mea Krist Ne Eenyie Aagbaa!
Old English - Glæd Geol and Gesælig Niw Gear!
Pangasinan - Maabig ya Pasko! Maaligwas ya Balon Taon ed sikayon amin!
Papiamentu - Bon Pasku i Felis Anja Nobo!
Persian - (kerismas mobārak) كریسمس مبارک
(sale no mobārak) سال نو مبارک
Polish - Wesołych świąt i szczęśliwego nowego roku!
Portuguese - Feliz Natal e próspero ano novo! Feliz Ano Novo!
Boas Festas e Feliz Ano Novo! Um Santo e Feliz Natal!
Punjab - iਕਰਿਸਮ ਤੇ ਨਵਾੰ ਸਾਲ ਖੁਸ਼ਿਯਾੰਵਾਲਾ ਹੋਵੇ (karisama te nawāṃ sāla khušayāṃwālā hewe)
Quenya - Alassëa Hristomerendë! Alassëa Vinyarië!
Rarotongan - Kia orana e kia manuia rava i teia Kiritimeti e te Mataiti Ou!
Romansh (Sursilvan dialect) - Legreivlas fiastas da Nadal ed in bien niev onn!
Romanian - Crăciun fericit şi un An Nou Fericit!
Russian - С наступающим Новым Годом! (S nastupayuščim Novym Godom) С Рождеством Христовым! (S Roždestvom Khristovym)
Samoan - Manuia le Kerisimasi, ma le Tausaga Fou!
Scots - A Blythe Yule an a Guid Hogmanay! Merry Christmas an a Guid Hogmanay!
Scottish - GaelicNollaig chridheil agus bliadhna mhath ùr!
Serbian (Orthodox) Христос се роди и срећна Нова година!
Serbian (Non-Orthodox) Срећан Божић и срећна Нова година!
Sesotho - Keresemese e monate le mahlohonolo a selemo se setjha!
Sicilian - Bon Natali e filici annu novu!
Sindarin - Mereth Veren e-Doled Eruion! Garo Idhrinn Eden Veren!
Slovak - Veselé vianoce a Štastný nový rok!
Slovenian - Vesel božič in Srečno novo leto!
Somali - Ciid wanaagsan iyo sanad cusub oo fiican!
Spanish - ¡Feliz Navidad y próspero año nuevo!
Swahili - Krismasi Njema! Heri ya krismas! Heri ya mwaka mpya!
Swedish - God jul och gott nytt år!
Tagalog - Maligayang Pasko, Manigong bagong taon!
Tamil - Nathar Puthu Varuda Valthukkal
Tahitian - Ia orana no te noere! Ia orana i te matahiti api!
Telugu - సంతోషకరమైన క్రిస్ఠ్మస్ ! (saṅthoashakaramaina kristmas) మరియు నూతన సంవత్సర శుభాకాంక్షలు (mariyu noothana saṅvathsara shubhaakaaṅkshalu)
Thai - สุขสันต์วันคริสต์มาส และสวัสดีปีใหม (souksaan wan Christmas sawatdii pimaï)
Tibetan - Iosalazashidele
Tigrinya - rHus beˋal ldet (ygberelka) rHus əwed ˋamet (ygberelka)
Tongan - Kilisimasi fiefia mo ha ta'u fo'ou monū'ia!
Tsotsil - Xmuyubajuk ti avo'one ti ta k'ine xchu'uk ti ta ach' jabile!
Turkish - İyi Noeller ve Mutlu Yıllar! İyi seneler / Yeni yılınız kutlu olsun! Yeni yılınızı kutlar, sağlık ve başarılar dileriz!
Ukrainian - Веселого Різдва і з Новим Роком!
Urdu - کرسمَس مبارک
نايا سال مبارک هو
بڑدا دنمبارک هو
Uzbek - Yangi yilingiz bilan!
Vietnamese - Chúc Giáng Sinh Vui Vẻ và Chúc Năm Mới Tốt Lành!
Volapük - Lemotöfazäli yofik e nulayeli läbik!
Võro - Hüvvä joulu ja õnnõlikku vahtsõt aastakka!
Waray-Waray - Maupay nga Pasko! Mainuswagon nga Bag-ong Tuig ha iyo ngatanan!
Welsh - Nadolig llawen a blwyddyn newydd dda!
West Inuktitun - Quvianaq Qitchirvik/Quviahugitsi Quviahugvingmi amma Quvianaq Ukiuaq Nutaaq Tikingmivuq!
Xhosa - Siniqwenelela Ikrisimesi Emnandi Nonyaka Omtsha Ozele Iintsikelelo!
Yorùbá - Ẹ ku Ayọ Keresimesi ati Ọdun Tuntun!
Zulu - Sinifesela uKhisimusi oMuhle noNyaka oMusha oNempumelelo!
Bahasa Malaysia - Selamat Hari Natal!
Bengali - Shuvo Baro Din - Shuvo Nabo Barsho!
Corsican - Bon Natale e Bon capu d' annu!
Crazanian - Rot Yikji Dol La Roo!
Duri - Christmas-e- Shoma Mobarak!
Eskimo - Jutdlime pivdluarit ukiortame pivdluaritlo!
Indonesian -Selamat Hari Natal!
Karelian - Rastawanke Sinun, Uvven Vuvenke Sinun!
Lappic - Buorit Juovllat ja Buorre Oddajahki!
Lausitzian - Wjesole hody a strowe nowe leto!
Livian - Riiemlizi Talspividi ja pagin vonno udaigastos!
Low Saxon - Heughliche Winachten un 'n moi Nijaar!
Marathi - Shub Naya Varsh!
Maori - Meri Kirihimete!
Monogasque - Festusu Natale e Bona ana noeva!
Oriya -Sukhamaya christmass ebang khusibhara naba barsa!
Papua New Guinea - Bikpela hamamas blong dispela Krismas na Nupela yia i go long yu!
Philippines Maligayang - Pasco at Manigong Bagong Taon!
Pashto - De Christmas akhtar de bakhtawar au newai kal de mubarak sha!
Punjabi - Nave sal di mubaraka!
Pushto - Christmas Aao Ne-way Kaal Mo Mobarak Sha!
Raeto-Ramance - Bella Festas da zNadal ed in Ventiravel Onn Nov!
Rhetian - Bellas festas da nadal e bun onn!
Romanche - Legreivlas fiastas da Nadal e bien niev onn!
Romani (GYPSY) - Bachtalo krecunu Thaj Bachtalo Nevo Bers!
Sami - Buorrit Juovllat!
Samoan - Manuia le Kerisimasi ma le Tausaga Fou!
Sardian - Felize Nadale e Bonu Cabuannu!
Sardinian -Bonu nadale e prosperu annu nou!
Surinamese (SRANANTONGO) - Wan Santa Bedaki!
Singhalese - Subha nath thalak Vewa. Subha Aluth Awrudhak Vewa!
Sorbian - Wjesole hody a strowe Nowe leto!
Somali - Ciid wanaagsan iyo sanad cusub oo fiican!
Sudanese - Wilujeng Natal Sareng Warsa Enggal!
Tagalog - Maligayang Pasko at Manigong Bagong Taon!
Tamil - Nathar Puthu Varuda Valthukkal!
Tok Pisin - Meri Krismas & Hepi Nu Yia!
Tongan - Kilisimasi Fiefia & Ta'u fo'ou monu ia!
Tswana - Keresemose o monate le masego a ngwaga o montsha!
Urdu - Naya Saal Mubarak Ho!
Vanina - Bon Natale a Tutti!
Vepsi - Rastvoidenke i Udenke Vodenke!
Yayeya - Krisema!
Afrikander - Een Plesierige Kerfees!
Tigrinja - Rehus-Beal-Ledeats!
Assyrian - Eidokhon Avee Brikha!
Azari - Bayramez Mobarak Olsen!
Bicolano - Maugmang Capascuhan asin Masaganang Ba-gong Taon!
Iban - Selamat Ari Krismas enggau Taun Baru!
Kadazan -Kotobian Tadau Do Krimas om Toun Vagu!
Trukeese - Neekirissimas annim oo iyer seefe feyiyeech!
Sobota - Dobro dedek!
Udmurt - Shuldyr Ymuśton!
Iroquois - Ojenyunyat Sungwiyadeson honungradon nagwutut. Ojenyunyat osrasay!
"Holi is a Hindu spring festival celebrated in India and Nepal, also known as the "festival of colours" or the "festival of love." (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holi)
On the picture a detail of the celebration in The Hague (Netherlands).
The view from Meall nan Subh looking towards the hills on the southern side of Glen Lyon. The cloud breaking up and moving off here after a cloudy start to the morning.
Waiting for Santa Claus
English - Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year!
Afrikaans - Geseënde Kersfees en 'n gelukkige nuwe jaar! Geseënde Kersfees en 'n voorspoedige Nuwe jaar!
Akeanon - Maayad-ayad nga Paskwa! Mahigugmaon nga Bag-ong Dag-on kinyo tanan!
Albanian - Gëzuar Krishtlindjet e Vitin e Ri!
Aleut - Kamgan Ukudigaa!
Alsatian - E güeti Wïnâchte un e gleckichs Nej Johr!
Amharic - Melkam Gena! Melkam Addis Amet!
Apache (Western) - Gozhqq Keshmish!
Arabic (Modern Standard)أجمل التهاني بمناسبة الميلاد و حلول السنة الجديدة
(ajmil at-tihānī bimunāsabah al-mīlād wa ḥilūl as-sanah al-jadīdah)
Armenian (Eastern) - Շնորհավոր Ամանոր և Սուրբ Ծնունդ (Shnorhavor Amanor yev Surb Tznund)
Armenian (Western) - Շնորհաւոր Նոր Տարի եւ Սուրբ Ծնունդ: (Shnorhavor Nor Daree yev Soorp Dzuhnoont) Բարի կաղանդ և ամանոր (Paree gaghant yev amanor)
Aromanian - Cãrciun hãrios (Hristolu s-aflà! Dealihea cà s-afla!)
shi ti multsã-anji Anlu Nàù!
Asturian - Bones Navidaes y Gayoleru añu nuevu!
Aymara - Sooma Nawira-ra!
Azerbaijani - Yeni Iliniz Mübarək / Təzə iliniz yaxşı olsun!
Basque - Zorionak eta urte berri on!
Belarusian - З Божым нараджэннем! (Z Bozym naradzenniem!) Шчаслівых Калядау! (Szczaslivych Kaliadau!) З Новым годам i Калядамi! (Z Novym godam i Kaliadami!)
Bengali - শুভ বড়দিন (shubho bôṛodin) শুভ নববর্ষ (shubho nôbobôrsho)
Bikol - Maogmang Pasko! Mamura-way na Ba-gong Taon sa indo gabos!
Blackfoot - I'taamomahkatoyiiksistsikomi!
Bosnian - Sretan Bozic i sretna nova godina!
Breton - Nedeleg laouen ha bloavezh mat!
Bulgarian - Честита Коледа! (Čestita Koleda!) Щастлива Нова Година! (Štastliva Nova Godina!)
Catalan - Bon Nadal i feliç any nou!
Cebuano - Maayong Pasko! Mabungahong Bag-ong Tuig kaninyong tanan!
Chamorro - Felis Nåbidåt yan Magof na Åñu Nuebu! Felis Påsgua yan Magof na Åñu Nuebu!
Cherokee - Danistayohihv & Aliheli'sdi Itse Udetiyvasadisv!
Cheyenne - Hoesenestotse & Aa'eEmona'e!
Chinese (Cantonese) - 聖誕節同新年快樂 (singdaanjit tùnhg sànnìhn faailohk)
Chinese (Hakka) - 聖誕節快樂, 新年快樂 (shin5-tan5-ziet7 kwai5-lok8, sin1-ngien2 kwai5-lok8)
Chinese (Mandarin) - 聖誕快樂 新年快樂 [圣诞快乐 新年快乐] (shèngdàn kuàilè xīnnián kuàilè)
Chinese (Shanghainese) - 圣诞节快乐 (sendaijiq kualoq) 新年快乐 (sinni kualoq)
Chinese (Taiwanese) - Sèng-tàn-chiat Khòai-lo̍k (聖誕節快樂)
Sin-nî Chhut-thâu-thiⁿ (新年出頭天)
Chinese (Teochew) - 圣诞快乐 (siandang kuailak) 新年快乐 (singnin kuailak)
Choctaw - Yukpa, Nitak Hollo Chito!
Comanche - Tsaa Nu̶u̶sukatu̶̲ Waa Himaru̶!
Cornish - Nadelik Lowen ha Blydhen Nowydh Da! Nadelik Looan ha Looan Blethen Noweth! Nadelack looan ha looan blethan noueth!
Cree - Mitho Makosi Kesikansi!
Creek - Afvcke Nettvcakorakko!
Croatian - Sretan Božić! Sretna Nova godina!
Czech - Veselé vánoce a šťastný nový rok!
Danish - Glædelig jul og godt nytår!
Dutch - Prettige kerstdagen en een Gelukkig Nieuwjaar! Zalig kerstfeest en Gelukkig Nieuwjaar!
East Inuktitut - Quviasummi Quviasugitsi/Quviasuvvisiutsiarit ammalu Qitinngumarik!
Esperanto - Ĝojan/Bonan Kristnaskon kaj feliĉan novan jaron!
Estonian - Rõõmsaid Jõule ja Head Uut Aastat! Häid Jõule ja Head Uut Aastat!
Faroese - Gleðilig Jól og eydnuríkt nýggjár! Gleðilig Jól og gott nýggjár! Gleiðilig jól og eitt av harranum signað nýggjár!
Fijian - Me Nomuni na marau ni siga ni sucu dei na yabaki vou!
Finnish - Hyvää joulua ja onnellista uutta vuotta!
Flemish - Zalig Kerstfeest en Gelukkig nieuw jaar!
Frisian - Noflike Krystdagen en folle lok en seine!
French - Joyeux Noël et bonne année!
Friulian - Bon Nadâl e Biel An Gnûv!
Galician - Bo Nadal e próspero aninovo!
Georgian - გილოცავთ შობა-ახალ წელს (gilocavth shoba-akhal c’els) გილოცავ შობა-ახალ წელს (gilocav shoba-akhal c’els)
German - Fröhliche Weihnachten und ein gutes neues Jahr!
German (Bavarian) - Froue Weihnåcht'n, und a guad's nei's Joah!
German (Hessian) - Frohe Weihnachte unn ein gudes neus Jahr!
German (Swiss) - Schöni Wienachte und e guets neus Jahr! Schöni Wiehnachte und es guets Neus! Schöni Wiänachtä, äs guets Nöis!
German (Pennsylvania) - En frehlicher Grischtdaag un en hallich Nei Yaahr!
Greek - Καλά Χριστούγεννα! (kalá hristúyenna) Ευτυχισμένο το Νέο Έτος! (eftyhisméno to Néo Étos!) Καλή χρονιά! (kalí hroñá)
Greenlandic - Juullimi ukiortaasamilu pilluaritsi!
Hausa - Barka da Kirsimatikuma barka da sabuwar shekara!
Hawaiian - Mele Kalikimaka me ka Hauʻoli Makahiki Hou!
Hebrew - חג מולד שמח ושנה טובה Chag Molad Sameach v'Shanah Tovah
Hiligaynon - Malipayon nga Paskwa!
Mahamungayaon - Nga Bag-ong Tuig sa inyong tanan!
Hindi - शुभ क्रिसमस (Śubh krisamas) नये साल की हार्दिक शुभकामनायें (Naye sāl kī hārdik śubhkāmnayeṅ)
Hungarian - Kellemes karácsonyt és boldog új évet!
Icelandic - Gleðileg jól og farsælt komandi ár! Gleðileg jól og farsælt nýtt ár!
Ilokano - Naragsak a Paskua! Narang-ay a Baro a Tawen kadakayo amin!
Indonesian - Selamat hari natal dan tahun baru!
Inonhan - Malipayon nga Paskwa kag Masadya nga Bag-ong Tuig sa inyo tanan!
Inuktitut - Kuvianak Inovia! IñupiaqQuvianagli Anaiyyuniqpaliqsi suli Nakuuluni Ukiutqiutiqsi! InupiatunAnnaurri Aniruq-lu Paglaun Ukiutchiaq! Quvianaq Agaayuniqpak-lu Paglaun Ukiutchiaq! Nayaangmik Piqagiñ-lu Paglaun Ukiutchiaq!
Irish (Gaelic) - Nollaig shona duit! Beannachtaí na Nollag! Beannachtaí an tSéasúir! Athbhliain faoi mhaise duit! Bliain úr faoi shéan is faoi mhaise duit!
Italian - Buon Natale e felice anno nuovo!
Japanese - メリークリスマス (merī kurisumasu) 新年おめでとうございます (shinnen omedetō gozaimasu) 明けましておめでとうございます (akemashite omedetō gozaimasu) 旧年中大変お世話になりました (kyūnenjū taihen osewa ni narimashita) 本年もよろしくお願いいたします (honnen mo yoroshiku onegai itashimasu)
Jèrriais - Bouan Noué / Jouaiyeux Noué et Bouonne année! Un Bouan Noué et lé Nouvel An!
Judeo-Spanish / Ladino - Noel alegre i felis anyo muevo!
Kapampangan - Masayang Pasku! Masaplalang Bayung Banwa keko ngan!
Kazakh - Жаңа жыл құтты болсын! (Jaña jıl quttı bolsın!) Жаңа жылыңыз құтты болсын! (Jaña jılıñız quttı bolsın!)
Kinyarwanda - Noheri nziza n'umwaka mushya muhire!
Kirghiz - Жаны Жылыныздар куттуу болсун!
Korean - 즐거운 성탄절 보내세요 및 새해 복 많이 받으세요 (jeulgeoun seongtanjeol bonaeseyo mich saehae bok manhi bateusaeyo) 메리 크리스마스 잘 지내고 새해 복 많이 받으세요
(meri keuriseumaseu mich saehae bok manhi bateusaeyo)
Kurdish (Kurmanji) - Kirîsmes u ser sala we pîroz be!
Kurdish (Sorani) - Kirîsmes u salî nwêtan lê pîroz bê!
Lao - Souksan van Christmas! Sabai dee pee mai!
Latin - Natale hilare et annum faustum!
Latvian - Priecīgus Ziemassvētkus un laimīgu Jauno gadu!
Lithuanian - Linksmų Kalėdų ir laimingų Naujųjų Metų!
Luganda - Mbagaliza Christmass Enungi Nomwaka Omugya Gubaberere Gwamirembe!
Luxembourgish - E schéine Chrëschtdag an e glécklecht neit Joer!
Schéi Feierdeeg an e glécklecht neit Joer! Schéi Chrëschtdeeg an e gudde Rutsch an d'neit Joer!
Macedonian - Христос се роди! (Hristoc se rodi!) Среќен Божик и среќна Нова година! (Sreken Božik i srekna Nova godina)
Malagasy - Mirary noely sambatra! Arahabaina tratrin'ny taona vaovao!
Malay - Selamat Hari Natal! Selamat Tahun Baru!
Malayalam - പുഥുവല്സര ആശംസകല് (puthuvalsara aashamsakal) ക്രിസ്തുമസ് ആശംസകല് (kariistumasu aashamsakal) നവവല്സര ആശംസകല് (nava-valsara aashamsakal)
MalteseI - l-Milied Ħieni u s-Sena t-Tajba! Awguri għas-sena l-ġdid!
Manx - Nollick Ghennal as Blein Vie Noa!
Māori - Meri Kirihimete me ngā mihi o te tau hou ki a koutou katoa!
Marathi - शुभ नाताळ (Śubh Nātāḷ) नवीन वर्षच्या हार्दिक शुभेच्छा (Navīn varṣacyā hārdik śubhecchā)
Mongolian - Танд зул сарын баярын болон шинэ жилийн мэндийг хүргэе (Tand zul sariin bayriin bolon shine jiliin mendiig hurgey)
Navajo - Ya'at'eeh Keshmish!
Nepali - क्रस्मसको शुभकामना तथा नयाँ वर्षको शुभकामना
(krismas ko subhakamana tatha nayabarsha ko subhakamana)
Norwegian - God jul og godt nytt år! God jol og godt nyttår!
Occitan - Polit Nadal e bona annada!
Ogoni - Eenyie Mea Krist Ne Eenyie Aagbaa!
Old English - Glæd Geol and Gesælig Niw Gear!
Pangasinan - Maabig ya Pasko! Maaligwas ya Balon Taon ed sikayon amin!
Papiamentu - Bon Pasku i Felis Anja Nobo!
Persian - (kerismas mobārak) كریسمس مبارک
(sale no mobārak) سال نو مبارک
Polish - Wesołych świąt i szczęśliwego nowego roku!
Portuguese - Feliz Natal e próspero ano novo! Feliz Ano Novo!
Boas Festas e Feliz Ano Novo! Um Santo e Feliz Natal!
Punjab - iਕਰਿਸਮ ਤੇ ਨਵਾੰ ਸਾਲ ਖੁਸ਼ਿਯਾੰਵਾਲਾ ਹੋਵੇ (karisama te nawāṃ sāla khušayāṃwālā hewe)
Quenya - Alassëa Hristomerendë! Alassëa Vinyarië!
Rarotongan - Kia orana e kia manuia rava i teia Kiritimeti e te Mataiti Ou!
Romansh (Sursilvan dialect) - Legreivlas fiastas da Nadal ed in bien niev onn!
Romanian - Crăciun fericit şi un An Nou Fericit!
Russian - С наступающим Новым Годом! (S nastupayuščim Novym Godom) С Рождеством Христовым! (S Roždestvom Khristovym)
Samoan - Manuia le Kerisimasi, ma le Tausaga Fou!
Scots - A Blythe Yule an a Guid Hogmanay! Merry Christmas an a Guid Hogmanay!
Scottish - GaelicNollaig chridheil agus bliadhna mhath ùr!
Serbian (Orthodox) Христос се роди и срећна Нова година!
Serbian (Non-Orthodox) Срећан Божић и срећна Нова година!
Sesotho - Keresemese e monate le mahlohonolo a selemo se setjha!
Sicilian - Bon Natali e filici annu novu!
Sindarin - Mereth Veren e-Doled Eruion! Garo Idhrinn Eden Veren!
Slovak - Veselé vianoce a Štastný nový rok!
Slovenian - Vesel božič in Srečno novo leto!
Somali - Ciid wanaagsan iyo sanad cusub oo fiican!
Spanish - ¡Feliz Navidad y próspero año nuevo!
Swahili - Krismasi Njema! Heri ya krismas! Heri ya mwaka mpya!
Swedish - God jul och gott nytt år!
Tagalog - Maligayang Pasko, Manigong bagong taon!
Tamil - Nathar Puthu Varuda Valthukkal
Tahitian - Ia orana no te noere! Ia orana i te matahiti api!
Telugu - సంతోషకరమైన క్రిస్ఠ్మస్ ! (saṅthoashakaramaina kristmas) మరియు నూతన సంవత్సర శుభాకాంక్షలు (mariyu noothana saṅvathsara shubhaakaaṅkshalu)
Thai - สุขสันต์วันคริสต์มาส และสวัสดีปีใหม (souksaan wan Christmas sawatdii pimaï)
Tibetan - Iosalazashidele
Tigrinya - rHus beˋal ldet (ygberelka) rHus əwed ˋamet (ygberelka)
Tongan - Kilisimasi fiefia mo ha ta'u fo'ou monū'ia!
Tsotsil - Xmuyubajuk ti avo'one ti ta k'ine xchu'uk ti ta ach' jabile!
Turkish - İyi Noeller ve Mutlu Yıllar! İyi seneler / Yeni yılınız kutlu olsun! Yeni yılınızı kutlar, sağlık ve başarılar dileriz!
Ukrainian - Веселого Різдва і з Новим Роком!
Urdu - کرسمَس مبارک
نايا سال مبارک هو
بڑدا دنمبارک هو
Uzbek - Yangi yilingiz bilan!
Vietnamese - Chúc Giáng Sinh Vui Vẻ và Chúc Năm Mới Tốt Lành!
Volapük - Lemotöfazäli yofik e nulayeli läbik!
Võro - Hüvvä joulu ja õnnõlikku vahtsõt aastakka!
Waray-Waray - Maupay nga Pasko! Mainuswagon nga Bag-ong Tuig ha iyo ngatanan!
Welsh - Nadolig llawen a blwyddyn newydd dda!
West Inuktitun - Quvianaq Qitchirvik/Quviahugitsi Quviahugvingmi amma Quvianaq Ukiuaq Nutaaq Tikingmivuq!
Xhosa - Siniqwenelela Ikrisimesi Emnandi Nonyaka Omtsha Ozele Iintsikelelo!
Yorùbá - Ẹ ku Ayọ Keresimesi ati Ọdun Tuntun!
Zulu - Sinifesela uKhisimusi oMuhle noNyaka oMusha oNempumelelo!
Bahasa Malaysia - Selamat Hari Natal!
Bengali - Shuvo Baro Din - Shuvo Nabo Barsho!
Corsican - Bon Natale e Bon capu d' annu!
Crazanian - Rot Yikji Dol La Roo!
Duri - Christmas-e- Shoma Mobarak!
Eskimo - Jutdlime pivdluarit ukiortame pivdluaritlo!
Indonesian -Selamat Hari Natal!
Karelian - Rastawanke Sinun, Uvven Vuvenke Sinun!
Lappic - Buorit Juovllat ja Buorre Oddajahki!
Lausitzian - Wjesole hody a strowe nowe leto!
Livian - Riiemlizi Talspividi ja pagin vonno udaigastos!
Low Saxon - Heughliche Winachten un 'n moi Nijaar!
Marathi - Shub Naya Varsh!
Maori - Meri Kirihimete!
Monogasque - Festusu Natale e Bona ana noeva!
Oriya -Sukhamaya christmass ebang khusibhara naba barsa!
Papua New Guinea - Bikpela hamamas blong dispela Krismas na Nupela yia i go long yu!
Philippines Maligayang - Pasco at Manigong Bagong Taon!
Pashto - De Christmas akhtar de bakhtawar au newai kal de mubarak sha!
Punjabi - Nave sal di mubaraka!
Pushto - Christmas Aao Ne-way Kaal Mo Mobarak Sha!
Raeto-Ramance - Bella Festas da zNadal ed in Ventiravel Onn Nov!
Rhetian - Bellas festas da nadal e bun onn!
Romanche - Legreivlas fiastas da Nadal e bien niev onn!
Romani (GYPSY) - Bachtalo krecunu Thaj Bachtalo Nevo Bers!
Sami - Buorrit Juovllat!
Samoan - Manuia le Kerisimasi ma le Tausaga Fou!
Sardian - Felize Nadale e Bonu Cabuannu!
Sardinian -Bonu nadale e prosperu annu nou!
Surinamese (SRANANTONGO) - Wan Santa Bedaki!
Singhalese - Subha nath thalak Vewa. Subha Aluth Awrudhak Vewa!
Sorbian - Wjesole hody a strowe Nowe leto!
Somali - Ciid wanaagsan iyo sanad cusub oo fiican!
Sudanese - Wilujeng Natal Sareng Warsa Enggal!
Tagalog - Maligayang Pasko at Manigong Bagong Taon!
Tamil - Nathar Puthu Varuda Valthukkal!
Tok Pisin - Meri Krismas & Hepi Nu Yia!
Tongan - Kilisimasi Fiefia & Ta'u fo'ou monu ia!
Tswana - Keresemose o monate le masego a ngwaga o montsha!
Urdu - Naya Saal Mubarak Ho!
Vanina - Bon Natale a Tutti!
Vepsi - Rastvoidenke i Udenke Vodenke!
Yayeya - Krisema!
Afrikander - Een Plesierige Kerfees!
Tigrinja - Rehus-Beal-Ledeats!
Assyrian - Eidokhon Avee Brikha!
Azari - Bayramez Mobarak Olsen!
Bicolano - Maugmang Capascuhan asin Masaganang Ba-gong Taon!
Iban - Selamat Ari Krismas enggau Taun Baru!
Kadazan -Kotobian Tadau Do Krimas om Toun Vagu!
Trukeese - Neekirissimas annim oo iyer seefe feyiyeech!
Sobota - Dobro dedek!
Udmurt - Shuldyr Ymuśton!
Iroquois - Ojenyunyat Sungwiyadeson honungradon nagwutut. Ojenyunyat osrasay!
🎧 microscopic meditations offered for heart and heart's ease, after listening to morning blessings of Mahant Swami Maharaj in his divine presence in Mumbai on 23 February 2023:
to see right there in the palm of your hand, a place where consciousness & the subliminal gather in hands cupped like a bowl; to go into the forest with this bowl, where silence and beauty are the deepest; and that’s when the magic happens...
phone isn’t
the same string
from person to
person now
that we carry
them and
have no homes
eileen myles
when you 'get it,' the language is heart's ease - beautiful, connected, resonant; and when you don’t, it can be frustrating to ramble about an isolating experience.{} honesty is a sine qua non to this reflection process...all I want is to be opened.
Meditation 1: painful intimacy - emotional openness ...which stems from startled silence of emotion; emotion never dodged, only the details. an intimacy which is not destructive, on the contrary, it becomes constructive to discover through the fogs of silence, the secret of the wounds. an innocent intimacy as you meditate like writing a letter to a close friend, confiding the innermost and intimate nature of that kind of conversation:
between two infinities, when one can never spin fast enough to catch a glimpse of the spinning world; zoom in - a pas de loup. body-edged journey squaring the circle; where openness is not charted - soul-flow is getting missed; and so the next second brings storm-clouds ☁ over the head; unguarded position found. le séjour. it brings in triple waves - of emptiness, of hurried emotions (signs of dizziness you don't know) and of deeply unfathomable feelings (when light and darkness is felt closer than ever); feeling cold to take the next step in the shivering rain that never stops, one further feels the subtle clouds looming over a larger distance as far as you can see, to bring in muted moments of indecision. terra incognita - the map of every place in the mind of 'jonathan livingston storm gull'; wherein to find the path means to lose the peace. a silver lining gains a place of esteem in the head-cloud, “we don't patch up and piece together the time spent with illusions.”
"I tie my handkerchief
to a kite
to try and dry
the cries of
the clouds up there.
Pour, pour:
oh, if only
I hadn’t loaned
my umbrella
to that submarine!"
.
playing the royal game in circles, 'put the blame on', each and every day, the paper airplanes fly inside through the window; the newspaper has been crying another day older denying any liability in non-fulfillment to worth of life; the auto-triggered paralyzing thoughts of a messy heart slowly finds the status quo - the chaos reigns as reprehensible acts gain momentum and then it will no longer be possible to stave off utter misery; pollen's hardened outer coating, the honey bees cleave the grains at a vulnerable point. a moth-like attraction to the mental processes full of waves of frivolity, that will cost the moth everything; recklessness always turns out to be expensive, yet the mind clothed in rags remains obdurate as it cannot let go the sub-stratum of such images which spring to the impromptu mind who dreams to robe ornate clothing; images which are result of attraction of cohesion to the highest beauty which a flesh-mental-ego self would love to marry. the dense calendar flows like water bursting out through your hands and yet the empty thirst never quenched; and when you really wake up, the corrosive paper airplane has been compelled to form a slowly moving boat of ineptitude, asking you to drink your own tears. with bonds damaged, tissue paper in water, coming apart from a sailing quality. inundated areas of thinking start to project the weakness on others. same emotion tumbling around in your head, amorphous but forming. evaporating as the years pass by and the brooding clouds keep crying. even when the skies clear, there is a constellation of grief around and there is no clearing of deceit-less path to find a way out of the shame, dread, debt, doubt and sadness. lurching between soaring high waves and agonizing lows waves, how can one sail in the ruling tides of haunted past, wistful present, and the disorienting future? simply unmoored, breasting the surging tide, the turbulent seas...
heart does the assignment
underlines the words
after mind erases them
the emotion has its own tide coming in
a blank page is a mirror
has the line that won't go away
being aware of the deceptive circles in which you move. ripples... as in the mirror, every little bad dream is preening to be remembered; also a reflection of hangover after past that adumbrates the future and so the mind is churned over again to seek relief-joy; a melting point [IIΙ] for wisdom followed by series of griefs, each compounding the last one. the count never ends; but this creates a immobilizing language of circumstances and sad database, which infiltrates the joy of gratitude and the defense of it.
"every problem has a solution. the problem is to find the solution to the problem." — pierre filion
irredeemably till how long will you will you continue to define yourself but not refine yourself into aligned understanding? restructuring of the self and reality needs to see the essence - 'the soul can always evolve.' backfired, in measuring the positive parts of life, the numbered days of the passing life does not paint the whole picture; and yet they start becoming a Lazy Sunday - each day. and so finding satisfaction in moments of stark relief, punctured in these wasted days, a recluse does not think beyond the merry-go-round of the numbered whole.
"Books were to her not an end in themselves but a substitute for living. She raced through folios because she was forbidden to scamper on the grass." Virginia Woolf on Aurora Leigh
so much information to be deposited elsewhere keeps coming at you and very little manages to stick and make you think better. things can move better and be possible, only when you are in a state of grace, when deep channels are open throughout; deeply stirred balance maintained. but ignorance can quickly hold us as whole, at most of the times, like no knowing can; because in this shelled ignorance lies body-edged joy brought in quickly, not even giving a fortnight of chance to the story of patience - that which can ripen as the joy of an enduring kind - a story about river meeting it's sea. instead our story becomes like sea channels that needs regular dredging to stay open and that cannot happen by staying shrouded in mystery.
futzing around ever since,
a story about story-lessness,
or to become of worthlessness
or ideas left to stew in
vat of pulpy esoteric stew.
again, a fear to lose the face,
in those staircase encounters,
where unsettled ghosts linger.
formlessness of the darkness
living an austere life, existence
you hardly even acknowledge
eyes of others; felt ambivalence
as time passes distance grows
leaves a couple of points undefined.
until you really stop to examine
the progression and coherence,
the dreary analytical lines can spin
into excess; inhibiting the soul-work.
an afterthought to character development
wasn’t really addressing any
of the questions that really drew me,
a muffled voice says within & still mumbling
lines follow shifts in the thoughts and feelings
with no break in the texture and flow
homogeneous passages maddeningly ambiguous
dense & abstract aesthetic, return to form
emotionlessly transposing world into word.
to make the thought sound more deep than it is.
looking to address such battles
of the negligible music; with a narrative
from the timbre of his voice
every story wants every vile human impulse
to be transformed through care; and,
in case you forget who i am, do not
forget the common ground, just plowed
grief isn’t fresh but it’s ongoing
confounds but deepen us
the glimmers of hope deep inside you
grateful, not hateful.
enter the harvest time
.
"most of our problems proceed from our inability
to sit quietly in a small room." — pascal.
solving one problem by creating other problems is not the way to do things... don't you see?
feeling discouraged as well as judgmental, how much overwhelming information would be flitting around the mind? still the plans for the road ahead were always ditched for the earliest fixations of the mind - a way to grapple with un-grappable feelings as well as tendency to crumble in pressure situations. with nothing at stake, the relief-joy moments are delineated'; merry - no - round, there is an unseen hole in this illusory sense of whole and unable to deal with the painful and prosaic realities of life. the relief-wisdom, if at all gained in the process, may never get beyond just being good - becoming a lengthy as well as single monotonous line without a melody.
“I buried my head under the darkness of the pillow and pretended it was night. I couldn't see the point of getting up. I had nothing to look forward to.” ― Sylvia Plath
“Growth in painful. Change is painful. But nothing is as painful as staying stuck somewhere you don’t belong.”
in such a state of inconsequential affairs, when one's heart is fettered with memories and when one's heart does not really get moved, the strident hinged door opens up certain promising techniques of the times. the cross is, basically, that the portrait of the soul loses many wholes with frontal light of such techniques. such techniques like mindfulness to the present moment and other quick-fix ways will never fill the void within nor answer a lot of questions about 'right affection'. continuing our discordant chorus, the fulfillment of heart never really happens as one switches between the light and dark moments without much rhyme or reason. after a peak of body-edged joy trying to fill the bottomless ego, there is a rapidly decreasing taste of enjoyment as the senses are blunted to some extent. momentarily stumped and yet to forget the queasy feelings and as an act of coping mechanism, one is pulled in to that same cycle of relief-joy and then feeling rather stung by the pleasure. if it was treasured time, why that became a trash time? why you grew more and more despondent? why ashamed to see what you leave in your wake? inured to stress, as if the side-lined efforts were for nought - the factor by which nothing will multiply and fickleness of eyes never saturated; now, never eager to receive the grace of the Purest who can enlighten the earnest eyes.
"a shrug says sorry" and you stay near but elsewhere; and you delude yourself to exist trouble-free in same plane of thoughts but not able to see how the grace can end the suffering created by struggle between truth consciousness and unconsciousness of peace-making pathways. in over-trying to do things in own mind's dominant reaction to difficult situations, you forget to establish the rhythm formed in the pathway charted through fortitude, and a graceful rhythm as being greatly reflected in the Purest Heart.
everything the heart needed appears in that moment of belonging to the Heart breathing the truth of devotion, and then recedes as the delusion in own mind also intensifies when crisscrossing the landscapes of momentary belonging is a journey to pass into days of dust. near to the wild heart, with this mindset of giving all-or-nothing and letting time slip in rolls-royce ecstasy, till when can one wait to have the courage for surrendering to the compassionate Truth? and travel through gates of vulnerability before the scorpion tells the truth? is it that when eyes ache, then only it can be seen that the self which resisted baring is going to fail? shouldn't the methods of living life as learned behavior of unawareness and unwanted urges, expose the hollowness in one or another area, till the collective trauma of the profound personal loss is not addressed by going to the source? to see what blesses and sustains us at the source level. it is definitely some grace received to find that inner alignment and rhythm and then asking the right questions.
"Days pass when I forget the mystery." — Denise Levertov
steeped in comfort, till when can you continue to secure a favorable or transcendent narrative to camouflage unscrupulous deeds? isn't it too taxing to maintain our pretenses with the ugly tedium of explanatory justifications? of commanding cerebral experiences? of disparaging cliches? when will you stop the inflationary use of the compensatory and positive words that are not a stitch in time to save nine? don't you see that these words of suffocating clarity trickle down and gets stuck in your heart like a thorn? when will that understanding happen to see - why you've been protecting yourself, wearing a hat always in style, instead of wholeheartedly working on protecting the truth? don't you know that only the pencil will support your weight without leaving an indelible scar? how will you navigate your own self-doubts and misgivings? are you really interrogating the nature of your fears or just becoming more weaker with the fear of questions? will not, adding here of one more thing, to the list of interfering questions, create more disconnection and disorientation and cast doubt across decades; or are these questions stepping in stones to meet the hurtful part of self? to see how deterioration started by collusion with this gradual process of enticement. how long will you entertain false-hearted guests to your thought process? don't you see that every little comment from them just chips away at your confidence.
ventriloquizing of a voice dreaded throughout from an ingrained identity but not from purity of a soul? forced to question when you are ruing the lost time? are these self-obsessed questions another form of resistance - a daily resistance to death (or reluctance to let go) and an embrace of life? or are these tea-time questions, a sign of sugar full of procrastination to indefinite prolongation and beyond? a sign of inveterate tendency to overlook the course of action? can just asking more of such unconsidered questions fill your ravenous soul? soul that is increasingly being alienated from own purpose and true self. would you like when someone quizzes you about your irrecoverable unemployment? ignoring the many ways of associative knowing, life destroyed by silent-natured embarrassing relationships and obliterated by subsequent incidences of missing the deeper and subtler eye to see through such awkward involvements. can you read your personal, intimate book? incapable of deep-reading, eliminating the mystifying features of the study days; alienated and demystified from natural world and natural order to study, you only exclude learning and wonder pathways and become hardened to integrate them. unsure but hopeful, in the end, are these spiritual questions limbering up or just the magnitude of cerebral questions in which you feel cleaving of mind between intimacy and distance for the same concepts seen in limited observation of the mind shining through flashbacks of fragmentary memories; maybe, like Emily since the ancient times, cannot explain with a delicate-as-lace sentences poem:
The Lost Thought
I felt a cleaving in my mind
As if my brain had split;
I tried to match it, seam by seam,
But could not make them fit.
The thought behind I strove to join
Unto the thought before, ,
But sequence ravelled out of reach
Like balls upon a floor.
Emily Dickinson (can you see if Emily in you retreated further into herself or emerged out open to big change?) she saw deeply and so could also see that something was missing. unfortunately, she couldn't put her finger on what that was. She definitely did not had a cursory way of looking at grief.
imprisoned within the shrinking confines of a conscribed life, to read the questions straight through will further tangle the mind. and it is difficult to read these questions and "difficult" is a different thing from "incomprehensible". the ego has a false belief that everything will cohere somehow or other, because it all comes from you! to take the next right step, something always gets missed, you say with a sinking voice. a voice which asks, "does not the fragmented structure of the thought process echo your mental state? the general tenor of all but querulous...
mind to soul and soul to mind, each preaching to the choir and so the honest question was never attempted from the very beginning. only ego massage by seemingly big questions and then nothing. the honest question to ask the self mirror is - how principles once rigidly followed become fluid when it becomes expedient? the golden principles can only be truly lived, right from the start, if one is truthful in love, but not by who feigns love for selfish reasons. please do not have a convenient follow up to these questions with a band-aid to plug a deluge.
“when the sky cries, things start to bloom. so, let those tears flow. it's good for you too. all things which greatly hurt me greatly teach me. often, it’s the deepest pain which empowers you to grow into your highest self.” ~ ― karen salmonsohn
grief, I’ve learned, is really just love.
it’s all the love you want to give, but cannot.
all that unspent love gathers up in the corners of your eyes, the lump in your throat, and in that hollow part of your chest.
grief is just love with no place to go.
jamie anderson
les nuages dans ma tête. going à travers a baffling phase in own life and impossible to act in the moment when thinking diverges into abstractness, it takes extraordinary acts of metamorphosis by fostering qualities of courage and engagement in shaking the self, to get the self looking through after the initial breakthrough - a look for cathartic value in the continuum of life in everyday and of pathways that create better connection to your intermediate stages in journey; bridging through metaphors and similes and the grateful connection to grand continuum. in this act of listening in care, what does being fully present to the moment mean? it is when one brings parts of self together (who had been put up with each other and so had not communicated with each other for long), so that they listen to each other. worth the pain, "i feel so gutted" for the gain of affection; it is then, when one begins to heal and find how the pain hurts so less than subdued grief of regret; and then you listen to your true source in pursuit of the sublime.
did you see this as a fallow period which is now copiously bestowed with the ripening is because of trust of 'Eterna-Oski' who is so steadfast and believing? Tears...
looking into the sea of your eyes, tears broke through me, through my fears, the way frozen river break open after the arrival of spring. once you find your breakthrough moment, rivers of yearning, rivers of reaching... comes through
it is this continuum wholeness where clouds become witness to a graceful sight – leaf joyfully breathes the wind —
looking into the eyes of love in the clouds, what is seen, is a beautiful journey of training as an apprentice with alertness and dedication, to achieve the continuum of consciousness, that is observing – with equanimity and not living from behind the positioned ego, that creates barriers to being fully present.
.
Meditation 2: returning with wonder. the pitch and purpose of this peaceful reflection is 'spiritual openness' as a source of clarity and compassion, about how we love.
"But to say, I know—is there any touch in it?
To be there; to listen; not invade. Another solitude ..."
— Jean Valentine
being fully present in the moment is never about being in middle of nowhere. meaning of a word is its use in the language coming from the Heart. shapes of preciousness. ton histoire commence par un voyage. must press on for one last battle, gentle warrior of mine, revisiting the arc - not just a point we’ve arrived at but a direction of travel:
of truly "seeing" where you belong, the vantage point offered, beyond being an oddball; this seeing in essence, becomes a simple yet generative story of mine, of finding a closure - closure to body-edged drifting of self, along the great tendencies of 'nakara' self who always craved to get the crumbs of fairy-tale joy; such an urge, felt by the untested self; felt without stronger feelings due to heartstrings stretched in every direction in the fleeting moments. interplay of disorder and order as day and night follows in a worn world. steering the strong waves with own mind as rudder, between all the competing voices pulling us here, pushing us there, this vantage point of life offering a steady beacon of light by which you can navigate to your authentic self and devote truly in love.
a small bowl
in my hands like the nest
/- joseph fasano
lumière divine sur toi, this vantage point of life - an attachment formed via wonder of the soul to love the dweller inside the inner garden, two doors away and the shrine eight outer barriers away; bringing the purest and golden transformation of self. la caresse, a guide and a gift, an invitation at the same time into yourself and beyond yourself; whispering woods - this secret, no longer held between shadow and light present in every vanishing page of life. everything unfolds from the center with no boundaries of affection.
once a true love is recognized, it takes tremendous courage to make a connection with right affection and completely trust your journey to it, with it. beauty of love that is challenging and comforting at the same time - expanding thoughts to meaning, healing, order, respect, rhythm and timeless calm. compassion you have for those of us who "try" earnestly, humbly and transparently. very taken by this innocence of friendship at its most glorious and by nourishing care, to be lost in contemplation in the grateful wonder of this garden .. following the great footsteps, this homecoming filling the void of the soul at the feelings level, relevant and true - of experiencing 'Eterna Tenderness' of Purest Hearts.
a thought under my pillow, glowing in the morning's dark
now all the efforts surf on 'finesse et légèreté'/fineness & lightness. performing the poetry of such tenderness together, of nurturing one another, a great joy comes when we re-imagine our world together united as one. nourished wisdom that plants seeds of Tenderness... of beauty and light. the more generously we love, the more blessed we lead our lives and get to flourish. compelling honesty cast like dandelions upon the air of thoughts; with such ease, and such care that only true friendship can do. companionship thought buds toward devotion, blossoming with tender honesty and deeper truths.
Dear Heart, do not be stymied by what you consider as mistakes. keep growing in our joy of togetherness.
when i'm not thinking about anything else, that’s joy forever. heart is no longer vacant of dreams; yet, never a wish for something more, now, every dream i have, transcends me to same garden of the Heart where I see the Form behind the light. one stays amazed in this magical dream so truthful, and from that moment, the time was enfolded in the act of being fully present to unfold the bundles of conversational joy with a steadfast companion; and now the earthly glow responds with saintliness to blossom the flowers of peace for one and all - a wish, highest of all.
English - Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year!
Afrikaans - Geseënde Kersfees en 'n gelukkige nuwe jaar! Geseënde Kersfees en 'n voorspoedige Nuwe jaar!
Akeanon - Maayad-ayad nga Paskwa! Mahigugmaon nga Bag-ong Dag-on kinyo tanan!
Albanian - Gëzuar Krishtlindjet e Vitin e Ri!
Aleut - Kamgan Ukudigaa!
Alsatian - E güeti Wïnâchte un e gleckichs Nej Johr!
Amharic - Melkam Gena! Melkam Addis Amet!
Apache (Western) - Gozhqq Keshmish!
Arabic (Modern Standard)أجمل التهاني بمناسبة الميلاد و حلول السنة الجديدة
(ajmil at-tihānī bimunāsabah al-mīlād wa ḥilūl as-sanah al-jadīdah)
Armenian (Eastern) - Շնորհավոր Ամանոր և Սուրբ Ծնունդ (Shnorhavor Amanor yev Surb Tznund)
Armenian (Western) - Շնորհաւոր Նոր Տարի եւ Սուրբ Ծնունդ: (Shnorhavor Nor Daree yev Soorp Dzuhnoont) Բարի կաղանդ և ամանոր (Paree gaghant yev amanor)
Aromanian - Cãrciun hãrios (Hristolu s-aflà! Dealihea cà s-afla!)
shi ti multsã-anji Anlu Nàù!
Asturian - Bones Navidaes y Gayoleru añu nuevu!
Aymara - Sooma Nawira-ra!
Azerbaijani - Yeni Iliniz Mübarək / Təzə iliniz yaxşı olsun!
Basque - Zorionak eta urte berri on!
Belarusian - З Божым нараджэннем! (Z Bozym naradzenniem!) Шчаслівых Калядау! (Szczaslivych Kaliadau!) З Новым годам i Калядамi! (Z Novym godam i Kaliadami!)
Bengali - শুভ বড়দিন (shubho bôṛodin) শুভ নববর্ষ (shubho nôbobôrsho)
Bikol - Maogmang Pasko! Mamura-way na Ba-gong Taon sa indo gabos!
Blackfoot - I'taamomahkatoyiiksistsikomi!
Bosnian - Sretan Bozic i sretna nova godina!
Breton - Nedeleg laouen ha bloavezh mat!
Bulgarian - Честита Коледа! (Čestita Koleda!) Щастлива Нова Година! (Štastliva Nova Godina!)
Catalan - Bon Nadal i feliç any nou!
Cebuano - Maayong Pasko! Mabungahong Bag-ong Tuig kaninyong tanan!
Chamorro - Felis Nåbidåt yan Magof na Åñu Nuebu! Felis Påsgua yan Magof na Åñu Nuebu!
Cherokee - Danistayohihv & Aliheli'sdi Itse Udetiyvasadisv!
Cheyenne - Hoesenestotse & Aa'eEmona'e!
Chinese (Cantonese) - 聖誕節同新年快樂 (singdaanjit tùnhg sànnìhn faailohk)
Chinese (Hakka) - 聖誕節快樂, 新年快樂 (shin5-tan5-ziet7 kwai5-lok8, sin1-ngien2 kwai5-lok8)
Chinese (Mandarin) - 聖誕快樂 新年快樂 [圣诞快乐 新年快乐] (shèngdàn kuàilè xīnnián kuàilè)
Chinese (Shanghainese) - 圣诞节快乐 (sendaijiq kualoq) 新年快乐 (sinni kualoq)
Chinese (Taiwanese) - Sèng-tàn-chiat Khòai-lo̍k (聖誕節快樂)
Sin-nî Chhut-thâu-thiⁿ (新年出頭天)
Chinese (Teochew) - 圣诞快乐 (siandang kuailak) 新年快乐 (singnin kuailak)
Choctaw - Yukpa, Nitak Hollo Chito!
Comanche - Tsaa Nu̶u̶sukatu̶̲ Waa Himaru̶!
Cornish - Nadelik Lowen ha Blydhen Nowydh Da! Nadelik Looan ha Looan Blethen Noweth! Nadelack looan ha looan blethan noueth!
Cree - Mitho Makosi Kesikansi!
Creek - Afvcke Nettvcakorakko!
Croatian - Sretan Božić! Sretna Nova godina!
Czech - Veselé vánoce a šťastný nový rok!
Danish - Glædelig jul og godt nytår!
Dutch - Prettige kerstdagen en een Gelukkig Nieuwjaar! Zalig kerstfeest en Gelukkig Nieuwjaar!
East Inuktitut - Quviasummi Quviasugitsi/Quviasuvvisiutsiarit ammalu Qitinngumarik!
Esperanto - Ĝojan/Bonan Kristnaskon kaj feliĉan novan jaron!
Estonian - Rõõmsaid Jõule ja Head Uut Aastat! Häid Jõule ja Head Uut Aastat!
Faroese - Gleðilig Jól og eydnuríkt nýggjár! Gleðilig Jól og gott nýggjár! Gleiðilig jól og eitt av harranum signað nýggjár!
Fijian - Me Nomuni na marau ni siga ni sucu dei na yabaki vou!
Finnish - Hyvää joulua ja onnellista uutta vuotta!
Flemish - Zalig Kerstfeest en Gelukkig nieuw jaar!
Frisian - Noflike Krystdagen en folle lok en seine!
French - Joyeux Noël et bonne année!
Friulian - Bon Nadâl e Biel An Gnûv!
Galician - Bo Nadal e próspero aninovo!
Georgian - გილოცავთ შობა-ახალ წელს (gilocavth shoba-akhal c’els) გილოცავ შობა-ახალ წელს (gilocav shoba-akhal c’els)
German - Fröhliche Weihnachten und ein gutes neues Jahr!
German (Bavarian) - Froue Weihnåcht'n, und a guad's nei's Joah!
German (Hessian) - Frohe Weihnachte unn ein gudes neus Jahr!
German (Swiss) - Schöni Wienachte und e guets neus Jahr! Schöni Wiehnachte und es guets Neus! Schöni Wiänachtä, äs guets Nöis!
German (Pennsylvania) - En frehlicher Grischtdaag un en hallich Nei Yaahr!
Greek - Καλά Χριστούγεννα! (kalá hristúyenna) Ευτυχισμένο το Νέο Έτος! (eftyhisméno to Néo Étos!) Καλή χρονιά! (kalí hroñá)
Greenlandic - Juullimi ukiortaasamilu pilluaritsi!
Hausa - Barka da Kirsimatikuma barka da sabuwar shekara!
Hawaiian - Mele Kalikimaka me ka Hauʻoli Makahiki Hou!
Hebrew - חג מולד שמח ושנה טובה Chag Molad Sameach v'Shanah Tovah
Hiligaynon - Malipayon nga Paskwa!
Mahamungayaon - Nga Bag-ong Tuig sa inyong tanan!
Hindi - शुभ क्रिसमस (Śubh krisamas) नये साल की हार्दिक शुभकामनायें (Naye sāl kī hārdik śubhkāmnayeṅ)
Hungarian - Kellemes karácsonyt és boldog új évet!
Icelandic - Gleðileg jól og farsælt komandi ár! Gleðileg jól og farsælt nýtt ár!
Ilokano - Naragsak a Paskua! Narang-ay a Baro a Tawen kadakayo amin!
Indonesian - Selamat hari natal dan tahun baru!
Inonhan - Malipayon nga Paskwa kag Masadya nga Bag-ong Tuig sa inyo tanan!
Inuktitut - Kuvianak Inovia! IñupiaqQuvianagli Anaiyyuniqpaliqsi suli Nakuuluni Ukiutqiutiqsi! InupiatunAnnaurri Aniruq-lu Paglaun Ukiutchiaq! Quvianaq Agaayuniqpak-lu Paglaun Ukiutchiaq! Nayaangmik Piqagiñ-lu Paglaun Ukiutchiaq!
Irish (Gaelic) - Nollaig shona duit! Beannachtaí na Nollag! Beannachtaí an tSéasúir! Athbhliain faoi mhaise duit! Bliain úr faoi shéan is faoi mhaise duit!
Italian - Buon Natale e felice anno nuovo!
Japanese - メリークリスマス (merī kurisumasu) 新年おめでとうございます (shinnen omedetō gozaimasu) 明けましておめでとうございます (akemashite omedetō gozaimasu) 旧年中大変お世話になりました (kyūnenjū taihen osewa ni narimashita) 本年もよろしくお願いいたします (honnen mo yoroshiku onegai itashimasu)
Jèrriais - Bouan Noué / Jouaiyeux Noué et Bouonne année! Un Bouan Noué et lé Nouvel An!
Judeo-Spanish / Ladino - Noel alegre i felis anyo muevo!
Kapampangan - Masayang Pasku! Masaplalang Bayung Banwa keko ngan!
Kazakh - Жаңа жыл құтты болсын! (Jaña jıl quttı bolsın!) Жаңа жылыңыз құтты болсын! (Jaña jılıñız quttı bolsın!)
Kinyarwanda - Noheri nziza n'umwaka mushya muhire!
Kirghiz - Жаны Жылыныздар куттуу болсун!
Korean - 즐거운 성탄절 보내세요 및 새해 복 많이 받으세요 (jeulgeoun seongtanjeol bonaeseyo mich saehae bok manhi bateusaeyo) 메리 크리스마스 잘 지내고 새해 복 많이 받으세요
(meri keuriseumaseu mich saehae bok manhi bateusaeyo)
Kurdish (Kurmanji) - Kirîsmes u ser sala we pîroz be!
Kurdish (Sorani) - Kirîsmes u salî nwêtan lê pîroz bê!
Lao - Souksan van Christmas! Sabai dee pee mai!
Latin - Natale hilare et annum faustum!
Latvian - Priecīgus Ziemassvētkus un laimīgu Jauno gadu!
Lithuanian - Linksmų Kalėdų ir laimingų Naujųjų Metų!
Luganda - Mbagaliza Christmass Enungi Nomwaka Omugya Gubaberere Gwamirembe!
Luxembourgish - E schéine Chrëschtdag an e glécklecht neit Joer!
Schéi Feierdeeg an e glécklecht neit Joer! Schéi Chrëschtdeeg an e gudde Rutsch an d'neit Joer!
Macedonian - Христос се роди! (Hristoc se rodi!) Среќен Божик и среќна Нова година! (Sreken Božik i srekna Nova godina)
Malagasy - Mirary noely sambatra! Arahabaina tratrin'ny taona vaovao!
Malay - Selamat Hari Natal! Selamat Tahun Baru!
Malayalam - പുഥുവല്സര ആശംസകല് (puthuvalsara aashamsakal) ക്രിസ്തുമസ് ആശംസകല് (kariistumasu aashamsakal) നവവല്സര ആശംസകല് (nava-valsara aashamsakal)
MalteseI - l-Milied Ħieni u s-Sena t-Tajba! Awguri għas-sena l-ġdid!
Manx - Nollick Ghennal as Blein Vie Noa!
Māori - Meri Kirihimete me ngā mihi o te tau hou ki a koutou katoa!
Marathi - शुभ नाताळ (Śubh Nātāḷ) नवीन वर्षच्या हार्दिक शुभेच्छा (Navīn varṣacyā hārdik śubhecchā)
Mongolian - Танд зул сарын баярын болон шинэ жилийн мэндийг хүргэе (Tand zul sariin bayriin bolon shine jiliin mendiig hurgey)
Navajo - Ya'at'eeh Keshmish!
Nepali - क्रस्मसको शुभकामना तथा नयाँ वर्षको शुभकामना
(krismas ko subhakamana tatha nayabarsha ko subhakamana)
Norwegian - God jul og godt nytt år! God jol og godt nyttår!
Occitan - Polit Nadal e bona annada!
Ogoni - Eenyie Mea Krist Ne Eenyie Aagbaa!
Old English - Glæd Geol and Gesælig Niw Gear!
Pangasinan - Maabig ya Pasko! Maaligwas ya Balon Taon ed sikayon amin!
Papiamentu - Bon Pasku i Felis Anja Nobo!
Persian - (kerismas mobārak) كریسمس مبارک
(sale no mobārak) سال نو مبارک
Polish - Wesołych świąt i szczęśliwego nowego roku!
Portuguese - Feliz Natal e próspero ano novo! Feliz Ano Novo!
Boas Festas e Feliz Ano Novo! Um Santo e Feliz Natal!
Punjab - iਕਰਿਸਮ ਤੇ ਨਵਾੰ ਸਾਲ ਖੁਸ਼ਿਯਾੰਵਾਲਾ ਹੋਵੇ (karisama te nawāṃ sāla khušayāṃwālā hewe)
Quenya - Alassëa Hristomerendë! Alassëa Vinyarië!
Rarotongan - Kia orana e kia manuia rava i teia Kiritimeti e te Mataiti Ou!
Romansh (Sursilvan dialect) - Legreivlas fiastas da Nadal ed in bien niev onn!
Romanian - Crăciun fericit şi un An Nou Fericit!
Russian - С наступающим Новым Годом! (S nastupayuščim Novym Godom) С Рождеством Христовым! (S Roždestvom Khristovym)
Samoan - Manuia le Kerisimasi, ma le Tausaga Fou!
Scots - A Blythe Yule an a Guid Hogmanay! Merry Christmas an a Guid Hogmanay!
Scottish - GaelicNollaig chridheil agus bliadhna mhath ùr!
Serbian (Orthodox) Христос се роди и срећна Нова година!
Serbian (Non-Orthodox) Срећан Божић и срећна Нова година!
Sesotho - Keresemese e monate le mahlohonolo a selemo se setjha!
Sicilian - Bon Natali e filici annu novu!
Sindarin - Mereth Veren e-Doled Eruion! Garo Idhrinn Eden Veren!
Slovak - Veselé vianoce a Štastný nový rok!
Slovenian - Vesel božič in Srečno novo leto!
Somali - Ciid wanaagsan iyo sanad cusub oo fiican!
Spanish - ¡Feliz Navidad y próspero año nuevo!
Swahili - Krismasi Njema! Heri ya krismas! Heri ya mwaka mpya!
Swedish - God jul och gott nytt år!
Tagalog - Maligayang Pasko, Manigong bagong taon!
Tamil - Nathar Puthu Varuda Valthukkal
Tahitian - Ia orana no te noere! Ia orana i te matahiti api!
Telugu - సంతోషకరమైన క్రిస్ఠ్మస్ ! (saṅthoashakaramaina kristmas) మరియు నూతన సంవత్సర శుభాకాంక్షలు (mariyu noothana saṅvathsara shubhaakaaṅkshalu)
Thai - สุขสันต์วันคริสต์มาส และสวัสดีปีใหม (souksaan wan Christmas sawatdii pimaï)
Tibetan - Iosalazashidele
Tigrinya - rHus beˋal ldet (ygberelka) rHus əwed ˋamet (ygberelka)
Tongan - Kilisimasi fiefia mo ha ta'u fo'ou monū'ia!
Tsotsil - Xmuyubajuk ti avo'one ti ta k'ine xchu'uk ti ta ach' jabile!
Turkish - İyi Noeller ve Mutlu Yıllar! İyi seneler / Yeni yılınız kutlu olsun! Yeni yılınızı kutlar, sağlık ve başarılar dileriz!
Ukrainian - Веселого Різдва і з Новим Роком!
Urdu - کرسمَس مبارک
نايا سال مبارک هو
بڑدا دنمبارک هو
Uzbek - Yangi yilingiz bilan!
Vietnamese - Chúc Giáng Sinh Vui Vẻ và Chúc Năm Mới Tốt Lành!
Volapük - Lemotöfazäli yofik e nulayeli läbik!
Võro - Hüvvä joulu ja õnnõlikku vahtsõt aastakka!
Waray-Waray - Maupay nga Pasko! Mainuswagon nga Bag-ong Tuig ha iyo ngatanan!
Welsh - Nadolig llawen a blwyddyn newydd dda!
West Inuktitun - Quvianaq Qitchirvik/Quviahugitsi Quviahugvingmi amma Quvianaq Ukiuaq Nutaaq Tikingmivuq!
Xhosa - Siniqwenelela Ikrisimesi Emnandi Nonyaka Omtsha Ozele Iintsikelelo!
Yorùbá - Ẹ ku Ayọ Keresimesi ati Ọdun Tuntun!
Zulu - Sinifesela uKhisimusi oMuhle noNyaka oMusha oNempumelelo!
Bahasa Malaysia - Selamat Hari Natal!
Bengali - Shuvo Baro Din - Shuvo Nabo Barsho!
Corsican - Bon Natale e Bon capu d' annu!
Crazanian - Rot Yikji Dol La Roo!
Duri - Christmas-e- Shoma Mobarak!
Eskimo - Jutdlime pivdluarit ukiortame pivdluaritlo!
Indonesian -Selamat Hari Natal!
Karelian - Rastawanke Sinun, Uvven Vuvenke Sinun!
Lappic - Buorit Juovllat ja Buorre Oddajahki!
Lausitzian - Wjesole hody a strowe nowe leto!
Livian - Riiemlizi Talspividi ja pagin vonno udaigastos!
Low Saxon - Heughliche Winachten un 'n moi Nijaar!
Marathi - Shub Naya Varsh!
Maori - Meri Kirihimete!
Monogasque - Festusu Natale e Bona ana noeva!
Oriya -Sukhamaya christmass ebang khusibhara naba barsa!
Papua New Guinea - Bikpela hamamas blong dispela Krismas na Nupela yia i go long yu!
Philippines Maligayang - Pasco at Manigong Bagong Taon!
Pashto - De Christmas akhtar de bakhtawar au newai kal de mubarak sha!
Punjabi - Nave sal di mubaraka!
Pushto - Christmas Aao Ne-way Kaal Mo Mobarak Sha!
Raeto-Ramance - Bella Festas da zNadal ed in Ventiravel Onn Nov!
Rhetian - Bellas festas da nadal e bun onn!
Romanche - Legreivlas fiastas da Nadal e bien niev onn!
Romani (GYPSY) - Bachtalo krecunu Thaj Bachtalo Nevo Bers!
Sami - Buorrit Juovllat!
Samoan - Manuia le Kerisimasi ma le Tausaga Fou!
Sardian - Felize Nadale e Bonu Cabuannu!
Sardinian -Bonu nadale e prosperu annu nou!
Surinamese (SRANANTONGO) - Wan Santa Bedaki!
Singhalese - Subha nath thalak Vewa. Subha Aluth Awrudhak Vewa!
Sorbian - Wjesole hody a strowe Nowe leto!
Somali - Ciid wanaagsan iyo sanad cusub oo fiican!
Sudanese - Wilujeng Natal Sareng Warsa Enggal!
Tagalog - Maligayang Pasko at Manigong Bagong Taon!
Tamil - Nathar Puthu Varuda Valthukkal!
Tok Pisin - Meri Krismas & Hepi Nu Yia!
Tongan - Kilisimasi Fiefia & Ta'u fo'ou monu ia!
Tswana - Keresemose o monate le masego a ngwaga o montsha!
Urdu - Naya Saal Mubarak Ho!
Vanina - Bon Natale a Tutti!
Vepsi - Rastvoidenke i Udenke Vodenke!
Yayeya - Krisema!
Afrikander - Een Plesierige Kerfees!
Tigrinja - Rehus-Beal-Ledeats!
Assyrian - Eidokhon Avee Brikha!
Azari - Bayramez Mobarak Olsen!
Bicolano - Maugmang Capascuhan asin Masaganang Ba-gong Taon!
Iban - Selamat Ari Krismas enggau Taun Baru!
Kadazan -Kotobian Tadau Do Krimas om Toun Vagu!
Trukeese - Neekirissimas annim oo iyer seefe feyiyeech!
Sobota - Dobro dedek!
Udmurt - Shuldyr Ymuśton!
Iroquois - Ojenyunyat Sungwiyadeson honungradon nagwutut. Ojenyunyat osrasay!
Merry Christmas to you all.
Many thanks to all those who have commented, informed, educated and amused over the past year. All the best for 2013.
English - Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year!
Afrikaans - Geseënde Kersfees en 'n gelukkige nuwe jaar! Geseënde Kersfees en 'n voorspoedige Nuwe jaar!
Akeanon - Maayad-ayad nga Paskwa! Mahigugmaon nga Bag-ong Dag-on kinyo tanan!
Albanian - Gëzuar Krishtlindjet e Vitin e Ri!
Aleut - Kamgan Ukudigaa!
Alsatian - E güeti Wïnâchte un e gleckichs Nej Johr!
Amharic - Melkam Gena! Melkam Addis Amet!
Apache (Western) - Gozhqq Keshmish!
Arabic (Modern Standard)أجمل التهاني بمناسبة الميلاد و حلول السنة الجديدة
(ajmil at-tihānī bimunāsabah al-mīlād wa ḥilūl as-sanah al-jadīdah)
Armenian (Eastern) - Շնորհավոր Ամանոր և Սուրբ Ծնունդ (Shnorhavor Amanor yev Surb Tznund)
Armenian (Western) - Շնորհաւոր Նոր Տարի եւ Սուրբ Ծնունդ: (Shnorhavor Nor Daree yev Soorp Dzuhnoont) Բարի կաղանդ և ամանոր (Paree gaghant yev amanor)
Aromanian - Cãrciun hãrios (Hristolu s-aflà! Dealihea cà s-afla!)
shi ti multsã-anji Anlu Nàù!
Asturian - Bones Navidaes y Gayoleru añu nuevu!
Aymara - Sooma Nawira-ra!
Azerbaijani - Yeni Iliniz Mübarək / Təzə iliniz yaxşı olsun!
Basque - Zorionak eta urte berri on!
Belarusian - З Божым нараджэннем! (Z Bozym naradzenniem!) Шчаслівых Калядау! (Szczaslivych Kaliadau!) З Новым годам i Калядамi! (Z Novym godam i Kaliadami!)
Bengali - শুভ বড়দিন (shubho bôṛodin) শুভ নববর্ষ (shubho nôbobôrsho)
Bikol - Maogmang Pasko! Mamura-way na Ba-gong Taon sa indo gabos!
Blackfoot - I'taamomahkatoyiiksistsikomi!
Bosnian - Sretan Bozic i sretna nova godina!
Breton - Nedeleg laouen ha bloavezh mat!
Bulgarian - Честита Коледа! (Čestita Koleda!) Щастлива Нова Година! (Štastliva Nova Godina!)
Catalan - Bon Nadal i feliç any nou!
Cebuano - Maayong Pasko! Mabungahong Bag-ong Tuig kaninyong tanan!
Chamorro - Felis Nåbidåt yan Magof na Åñu Nuebu! Felis Påsgua yan Magof na Åñu Nuebu!
Cherokee - Danistayohihv & Aliheli'sdi Itse Udetiyvasadisv!
Cheyenne - Hoesenestotse & Aa'eEmona'e!
Chinese (Cantonese) - 聖誕節同新年快樂 (singdaanjit tùnhg sànnìhn faailohk)
Chinese (Hakka) - 聖誕節快樂, 新年快樂 (shin5-tan5-ziet7 kwai5-lok8, sin1-ngien2 kwai5-lok8)
Chinese (Mandarin) - 聖誕快樂 新年快樂 [圣诞快乐 新年快乐] (shèngdàn kuàilè xīnnián kuàilè)
Chinese (Shanghainese) - 圣诞节快乐 (sendaijiq kualoq) 新年快乐 (sinni kualoq)
Chinese (Taiwanese) - Sèng-tàn-chiat Khòai-lo̍k (聖誕節快樂)
Sin-nî Chhut-thâu-thiⁿ (新年出頭天)
Chinese (Teochew) - 圣诞快乐 (siandang kuailak) 新年快乐 (singnin kuailak)
Choctaw - Yukpa, Nitak Hollo Chito!
Comanche - Tsaa Nu̶u̶sukatu̶̲ Waa Himaru̶!
Cornish - Nadelik Lowen ha Blydhen Nowydh Da! Nadelik Looan ha Looan Blethen Noweth! Nadelack looan ha looan blethan noueth!
Cree - Mitho Makosi Kesikansi!
Creek - Afvcke Nettvcakorakko!
Croatian - Sretan Božić! Sretna Nova godina!
Czech - Veselé vánoce a šťastný nový rok!
Danish - Glædelig jul og godt nytår!
Dutch - Prettige kerstdagen en een Gelukkig Nieuwjaar! Zalig kerstfeest en Gelukkig Nieuwjaar!
East Inuktitut - Quviasummi Quviasugitsi/Quviasuvvisiutsiarit ammalu Qitinngumarik!
Esperanto - Ĝojan/Bonan Kristnaskon kaj feliĉan novan jaron!
Estonian - Rõõmsaid Jõule ja Head Uut Aastat! Häid Jõule ja Head Uut Aastat!
Faroese - Gleðilig Jól og eydnuríkt nýggjár! Gleðilig Jól og gott nýggjár! Gleiðilig jól og eitt av harranum signað nýggjár!
Fijian - Me Nomuni na marau ni siga ni sucu dei na yabaki vou!
Finnish - Hyvää joulua ja onnellista uutta vuotta!
Flemish - Zalig Kerstfeest en Gelukkig nieuw jaar!
Frisian - Noflike Krystdagen en folle lok en seine!
French - Joyeux Noël et bonne année!
Friulian - Bon Nadâl e Biel An Gnûv!
Galician - Bo Nadal e próspero aninovo!
Georgian - გილოცავთ შობა-ახალ წელს (gilocavth shoba-akhal c’els) გილოცავ შობა-ახალ წელს (gilocav shoba-akhal c’els)
German - Fröhliche Weihnachten und ein gutes neues Jahr!
German (Bavarian) - Froue Weihnåcht'n, und a guad's nei's Joah!
German (Hessian) - Frohe Weihnachte unn ein gudes neus Jahr!
German (Swiss) - Schöni Wienachte und e guets neus Jahr! Schöni Wiehnachte und es guets Neus! Schöni Wiänachtä, äs guets Nöis!
German (Pennsylvania) - En frehlicher Grischtdaag un en hallich Nei Yaahr!
Greek - Καλά Χριστούγεννα! (kalá hristúyenna) Ευτυχισμένο το Νέο Έτος! (eftyhisméno to Néo Étos!) Καλή χρονιά! (kalí hroñá)
Greenlandic - Juullimi ukiortaasamilu pilluaritsi!
Hausa - Barka da Kirsimatikuma barka da sabuwar shekara!
Hawaiian - Mele Kalikimaka me ka Hauʻoli Makahiki Hou!
Hebrew - חג מולד שמח ושנה טובה Chag Molad Sameach v'Shanah Tovah
Hiligaynon - Malipayon nga Paskwa!
Mahamungayaon - Nga Bag-ong Tuig sa inyong tanan!
Hindi - शुभ क्रिसमस (Śubh krisamas) नये साल की हार्दिक शुभकामनायें (Naye sāl kī hārdik śubhkāmnayeṅ)
Hungarian - Kellemes karácsonyt és boldog új évet!
Icelandic - Gleðileg jól og farsælt komandi ár! Gleðileg jól og farsælt nýtt ár!
Ilokano - Naragsak a Paskua! Narang-ay a Baro a Tawen kadakayo amin!
Indonesian - Selamat hari natal dan tahun baru!
Inonhan - Malipayon nga Paskwa kag Masadya nga Bag-ong Tuig sa inyo tanan!
Inuktitut - Kuvianak Inovia! IñupiaqQuvianagli Anaiyyuniqpaliqsi suli Nakuuluni Ukiutqiutiqsi! InupiatunAnnaurri Aniruq-lu Paglaun Ukiutchiaq! Quvianaq Agaayuniqpak-lu Paglaun Ukiutchiaq! Nayaangmik Piqagiñ-lu Paglaun Ukiutchiaq!
Irish (Gaelic) - Nollaig shona duit! Beannachtaí na Nollag! Beannachtaí an tSéasúir! Athbhliain faoi mhaise duit! Bliain úr faoi shéan is faoi mhaise duit!
Italian - Buon Natale e felice anno nuovo!
Japanese - メリークリスマス (merī kurisumasu) 新年おめでとうございます (shinnen omedetō gozaimasu) 明けましておめでとうございます (akemashite omedetō gozaimasu) 旧年中大変お世話になりました (kyūnenjū taihen osewa ni narimashita) 本年もよろしくお願いいたします (honnen mo yoroshiku onegai itashimasu)
Jèrriais - Bouan Noué / Jouaiyeux Noué et Bouonne année! Un Bouan Noué et lé Nouvel An!
Judeo-Spanish / Ladino - Noel alegre i felis anyo muevo!
Kapampangan - Masayang Pasku! Masaplalang Bayung Banwa keko ngan!
Kazakh - Жаңа жыл құтты болсын! (Jaña jıl quttı bolsın!) Жаңа жылыңыз құтты болсын! (Jaña jılıñız quttı bolsın!)
Kinyarwanda - Noheri nziza n'umwaka mushya muhire!
Kirghiz - Жаны Жылыныздар куттуу болсун!
Korean - 즐거운 성탄절 보내세요 및 새해 복 많이 받으세요 (jeulgeoun seongtanjeol bonaeseyo mich saehae bok manhi bateusaeyo) 메리 크리스마스 잘 지내고 새해 복 많이 받으세요
(meri keuriseumaseu mich saehae bok manhi bateusaeyo)
Kurdish (Kurmanji) - Kirîsmes u ser sala we pîroz be!
Kurdish (Sorani) - Kirîsmes u salî nwêtan lê pîroz bê!
Lao - Souksan van Christmas! Sabai dee pee mai!
Latin - Natale hilare et annum faustum!
Latvian - Priecīgus Ziemassvētkus un laimīgu Jauno gadu!
Lithuanian - Linksmų Kalėdų ir laimingų Naujųjų Metų!
Luganda - Mbagaliza Christmass Enungi Nomwaka Omugya Gubaberere Gwamirembe!
Luxembourgish - E schéine Chrëschtdag an e glécklecht neit Joer!
Schéi Feierdeeg an e glécklecht neit Joer! Schéi Chrëschtdeeg an e gudde Rutsch an d'neit Joer!
Macedonian - Христос се роди! (Hristoc se rodi!) Среќен Божик и среќна Нова година! (Sreken Božik i srekna Nova godina)
Malagasy - Mirary noely sambatra! Arahabaina tratrin'ny taona vaovao!
Malay - Selamat Hari Natal! Selamat Tahun Baru!
Malayalam - പുഥുവല്സര ആശംസകല് (puthuvalsara aashamsakal) ക്രിസ്തുമസ് ആശംസകല് (kariistumasu aashamsakal) നവവല്സര ആശംസകല് (nava-valsara aashamsakal)
MalteseI - l-Milied Ħieni u s-Sena t-Tajba! Awguri għas-sena l-ġdid!
Manx - Nollick Ghennal as Blein Vie Noa!
Māori - Meri Kirihimete me ngā mihi o te tau hou ki a koutou katoa!
Marathi - शुभ नाताळ (Śubh Nātāḷ) नवीन वर्षच्या हार्दिक शुभेच्छा (Navīn varṣacyā hārdik śubhecchā)
Mongolian - Танд зул сарын баярын болон шинэ жилийн мэндийг хүргэе (Tand zul sariin bayriin bolon shine jiliin mendiig hurgey)
Navajo - Ya'at'eeh Keshmish!
Nepali - क्रस्मसको शुभकामना तथा नयाँ वर्षको शुभकामना
(krismas ko subhakamana tatha nayabarsha ko subhakamana)
Norwegian - God jul og godt nytt år! God jol og godt nyttår!
Occitan - Polit Nadal e bona annada!
Ogoni - Eenyie Mea Krist Ne Eenyie Aagbaa!
Old English - Glæd Geol and Gesælig Niw Gear!
Pangasinan - Maabig ya Pasko! Maaligwas ya Balon Taon ed sikayon amin!
Papiamentu - Bon Pasku i Felis Anja Nobo!
Persian - (kerismas mobārak) كریسمس مبارک
(sale no mobārak) سال نو مبارک
Polish - Wesołych świąt i szczęśliwego nowego roku!
Portuguese - Feliz Natal e próspero ano novo! Feliz Ano Novo!
Boas Festas e Feliz Ano Novo! Um Santo e Feliz Natal!
Punjab - iਕਰਿਸਮ ਤੇ ਨਵਾੰ ਸਾਲ ਖੁਸ਼ਿਯਾੰਵਾਲਾ ਹੋਵੇ (karisama te nawāṃ sāla khušayāṃwālā hewe)
Quenya - Alassëa Hristomerendë! Alassëa Vinyarië!
Rarotongan - Kia orana e kia manuia rava i teia Kiritimeti e te Mataiti Ou!
Romansh (Sursilvan dialect) - Legreivlas fiastas da Nadal ed in bien niev onn!
Romanian - Crăciun fericit şi un An Nou Fericit!
Russian - С наступающим Новым Годом! (S nastupayuščim Novym Godom) С Рождеством Христовым! (S Roždestvom Khristovym)
Samoan - Manuia le Kerisimasi, ma le Tausaga Fou!
Scots - A Blythe Yule an a Guid Hogmanay! Merry Christmas an a Guid Hogmanay!
Scottish - GaelicNollaig chridheil agus bliadhna mhath ùr!
Serbian (Orthodox) Христос се роди и срећна Нова година!
Serbian (Non-Orthodox) Срећан Божић и срећна Нова година!
Sesotho - Keresemese e monate le mahlohonolo a selemo se setjha!
Sicilian - Bon Natali e filici annu novu!
Sindarin - Mereth Veren e-Doled Eruion! Garo Idhrinn Eden Veren!
Slovak - Veselé vianoce a Štastný nový rok!
Slovenian - Vesel božič in Srečno novo leto!
Somali - Ciid wanaagsan iyo sanad cusub oo fiican!
Spanish - ¡Feliz Navidad y próspero año nuevo!
Swahili - Krismasi Njema! Heri ya krismas! Heri ya mwaka mpya!
Swedish - God jul och gott nytt år!
Tagalog - Maligayang Pasko, Manigong bagong taon!
Tamil - Nathar Puthu Varuda Valthukkal
Tahitian - Ia orana no te noere! Ia orana i te matahiti api!
Telugu - సంతోషకరమైన క్రిస్ఠ్మస్ ! (saṅthoashakaramaina kristmas) మరియు నూతన సంవత్సర శుభాకాంక్షలు (mariyu noothana saṅvathsara shubhaakaaṅkshalu)
Thai - สุขสันต์วันคริสต์มาส และสวัสดีปีใหม (souksaan wan Christmas sawatdii pimaï)
Tibetan - Iosalazashidele
Tigrinya - rHus beˋal ldet (ygberelka) rHus əwed ˋamet (ygberelka)
Tongan - Kilisimasi fiefia mo ha ta'u fo'ou monū'ia!
Tsotsil - Xmuyubajuk ti avo'one ti ta k'ine xchu'uk ti ta ach' jabile!
Turkish - İyi Noeller ve Mutlu Yıllar! İyi seneler / Yeni yılınız kutlu olsun! Yeni yılınızı kutlar, sağlık ve başarılar dileriz!
Ukrainian - Веселого Різдва і з Новим Роком!
Urdu - کرسمَس مبارک
نايا سال مبارک هو
بڑدا دنمبارک هو
Uzbek - Yangi yilingiz bilan!
Vietnamese - Chúc Giáng Sinh Vui Vẻ và Chúc Năm Mới Tốt Lành!
Volapük - Lemotöfazäli yofik e nulayeli läbik!
Võro - Hüvvä joulu ja õnnõlikku vahtsõt aastakka!
Waray-Waray - Maupay nga Pasko! Mainuswagon nga Bag-ong Tuig ha iyo ngatanan!
Welsh - Nadolig llawen a blwyddyn newydd dda!
West Inuktitun - Quvianaq Qitchirvik/Quviahugitsi Quviahugvingmi amma Quvianaq Ukiuaq Nutaaq Tikingmivuq!
Xhosa - Siniqwenelela Ikrisimesi Emnandi Nonyaka Omtsha Ozele Iintsikelelo!
Yorùbá - Ẹ ku Ayọ Keresimesi ati Ọdun Tuntun!
Zulu - Sinifesela uKhisimusi oMuhle noNyaka oMusha oNempumelelo!
Bahasa Malaysia - Selamat Hari Natal!
Bengali - Shuvo Baro Din - Shuvo Nabo Barsho!
Corsican - Bon Natale e Bon capu d' annu!
Crazanian - Rot Yikji Dol La Roo!
Duri - Christmas-e- Shoma Mobarak!
Eskimo - Jutdlime pivdluarit ukiortame pivdluaritlo!
Indonesian -Selamat Hari Natal!
Karelian - Rastawanke Sinun, Uvven Vuvenke Sinun!
Lappic - Buorit Juovllat ja Buorre Oddajahki!
Lausitzian - Wjesole hody a strowe nowe leto!
Livian - Riiemlizi Talspividi ja pagin vonno udaigastos!
Low Saxon - Heughliche Winachten un 'n moi Nijaar!
Marathi - Shub Naya Varsh!
Maori - Meri Kirihimete!
Monogasque - Festusu Natale e Bona ana noeva!
Oriya -Sukhamaya christmass ebang khusibhara naba barsa!
Papua New Guinea - Bikpela hamamas blong dispela Krismas na Nupela yia i go long yu!
Philippines Maligayang - Pasco at Manigong Bagong Taon!
Pashto - De Christmas akhtar de bakhtawar au newai kal de mubarak sha!
Punjabi - Nave sal di mubaraka!
Pushto - Christmas Aao Ne-way Kaal Mo Mobarak Sha!
Raeto-Ramance - Bella Festas da zNadal ed in Ventiravel Onn Nov!
Rhetian - Bellas festas da nadal e bun onn!
Romanche - Legreivlas fiastas da Nadal e bien niev onn!
Romani (GYPSY) - Bachtalo krecunu Thaj Bachtalo Nevo Bers!
Sami - Buorrit Juovllat!
Samoan - Manuia le Kerisimasi ma le Tausaga Fou!
Sardian - Felize Nadale e Bonu Cabuannu!
Sardinian -Bonu nadale e prosperu annu nou!
Surinamese (SRANANTONGO) - Wan Santa Bedaki!
Singhalese - Subha nath thalak Vewa. Subha Aluth Awrudhak Vewa!
Sorbian - Wjesole hody a strowe Nowe leto!
Somali - Ciid wanaagsan iyo sanad cusub oo fiican!
Sudanese - Wilujeng Natal Sareng Warsa Enggal!
Tagalog - Maligayang Pasko at Manigong Bagong Taon!
Tamil - Nathar Puthu Varuda Valthukkal!
Tok Pisin - Meri Krismas & Hepi Nu Yia!
Tongan - Kilisimasi Fiefia & Ta'u fo'ou monu ia!
Tswana - Keresemose o monate le masego a ngwaga o montsha!
Urdu - Naya Saal Mubarak Ho!
Vanina - Bon Natale a Tutti!
Vepsi - Rastvoidenke i Udenke Vodenke!
Yayeya - Krisema!
Afrikander - Een Plesierige Kerfees!
Tigrinja - Rehus-Beal-Ledeats!
Assyrian - Eidokhon Avee Brikha!
Azari - Bayramez Mobarak Olsen!
Bicolano - Maugmang Capascuhan asin Masaganang Ba-gong Taon!
Iban - Selamat Ari Krismas enggau Taun Baru!
Kadazan -Kotobian Tadau Do Krimas om Toun Vagu!
Trukeese - Neekirissimas annim oo iyer seefe feyiyeech!
Sobota - Dobro dedek!
Udmurt - Shuldyr Ymuśton!
Iroquois - Ojenyunyat Sungwiyadeson honungradon nagwutut. Ojenyunyat osrasay!
English - Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year!
Afrikaans - Geseënde Kersfees en 'n gelukkige nuwe jaar! Geseënde Kersfees en 'n voorspoedige Nuwe jaar!
Akeanon - Maayad-ayad nga Paskwa! Mahigugmaon nga Bag-ong Dag-on kinyo tanan!
Albanian - Gëzuar Krishtlindjet e Vitin e Ri!
Aleut - Kamgan Ukudigaa!
Alsatian - E güeti Wïnâchte un e gleckichs Nej Johr!
Amharic - Melkam Gena! Melkam Addis Amet!
Apache (Western) - Gozhqq Keshmish!
Arabic (Modern Standard)أجمل التهاني بمناسبة الميلاد و حلول السنة الجديدة
(ajmil at-tihānī bimunāsabah al-mīlād wa ḥilūl as-sanah al-jadīdah)
Armenian (Eastern) - Շնորհավոր Ամանոր և Սուրբ Ծնունդ (Shnorhavor Amanor yev Surb Tznund)
Armenian (Western) - Շնորհաւոր Նոր Տարի եւ Սուրբ Ծնունդ: (Shnorhavor Nor Daree yev Soorp Dzuhnoont) Բարի կաղանդ և ամանոր (Paree gaghant yev amanor)
Aromanian - Cãrciun hãrios (Hristolu s-aflà! Dealihea cà s-afla!)
shi ti multsã-anji Anlu Nàù!
Asturian - Bones Navidaes y Gayoleru añu nuevu!
Aymara - Sooma Nawira-ra!
Azerbaijani - Yeni Iliniz Mübarək / Təzə iliniz yaxşı olsun!
Basque - Zorionak eta urte berri on!
Belarusian - З Божым нараджэннем! (Z Bozym naradzenniem!) Шчаслівых Калядау! (Szczaslivych Kaliadau!) З Новым годам i Калядамi! (Z Novym godam i Kaliadami!)
Bengali - শুভ বড়দিন (shubho bôṛodin) শুভ নববর্ষ (shubho nôbobôrsho)
Bikol - Maogmang Pasko! Mamura-way na Ba-gong Taon sa indo gabos!
Blackfoot - I'taamomahkatoyiiksistsikomi!
Bosnian - Sretan Bozic i sretna nova godina!
Breton - Nedeleg laouen ha bloavezh mat!
Bulgarian - Честита Коледа! (Čestita Koleda!) Щастлива Нова Година! (Štastliva Nova Godina!)
Catalan - Bon Nadal i feliç any nou!
Cebuano - Maayong Pasko! Mabungahong Bag-ong Tuig kaninyong tanan!
Chamorro - Felis Nåbidåt yan Magof na Åñu Nuebu! Felis Påsgua yan Magof na Åñu Nuebu!
Cherokee - Danistayohihv & Aliheli'sdi Itse Udetiyvasadisv!
Cheyenne - Hoesenestotse & Aa'eEmona'e!
Chinese (Cantonese) - 聖誕節同新年快樂 (singdaanjit tùnhg sànnìhn faailohk)
Chinese (Hakka) - 聖誕節快樂, 新年快樂 (shin5-tan5-ziet7 kwai5-lok8, sin1-ngien2 kwai5-lok8)
Chinese (Mandarin) - 聖誕快樂 新年快樂 [圣诞快乐 新年快乐] (shèngdàn kuàilè xīnnián kuàilè)
Chinese (Shanghainese) - 圣诞节快乐 (sendaijiq kualoq) 新年快乐 (sinni kualoq)
Chinese (Taiwanese) - Sèng-tàn-chiat Khòai-lo̍k (聖誕節快樂)
Sin-nî Chhut-thâu-thiⁿ (新年出頭天)
Chinese (Teochew) - 圣诞快乐 (siandang kuailak) 新年快乐 (singnin kuailak)
Choctaw - Yukpa, Nitak Hollo Chito!
Comanche - Tsaa Nu̶u̶sukatu̶̲ Waa Himaru̶!
Cornish - Nadelik Lowen ha Blydhen Nowydh Da! Nadelik Looan ha Looan Blethen Noweth! Nadelack looan ha looan blethan noueth!
Cree - Mitho Makosi Kesikansi!
Creek - Afvcke Nettvcakorakko!
Croatian - Sretan Božić! Sretna Nova godina!
Czech - Veselé vánoce a šťastný nový rok!
Danish - Glædelig jul og godt nytår!
Dutch - Prettige kerstdagen en een Gelukkig Nieuwjaar! Zalig kerstfeest en Gelukkig Nieuwjaar!
East Inuktitut - Quviasummi Quviasugitsi/Quviasuvvisiutsiarit ammalu Qitinngumarik!
Esperanto - Ĝojan/Bonan Kristnaskon kaj feliĉan novan jaron!
Estonian - Rõõmsaid Jõule ja Head Uut Aastat! Häid Jõule ja Head Uut Aastat!
Faroese - Gleðilig Jól og eydnuríkt nýggjár! Gleðilig Jól og gott nýggjár! Gleiðilig jól og eitt av harranum signað nýggjár!
Fijian - Me Nomuni na marau ni siga ni sucu dei na yabaki vou!
Finnish - Hyvää joulua ja onnellista uutta vuotta!
Flemish - Zalig Kerstfeest en Gelukkig nieuw jaar!
Frisian - Noflike Krystdagen en folle lok en seine!
French - Joyeux Noël et bonne année!
Friulian - Bon Nadâl e Biel An Gnûv!
Galician - Bo Nadal e próspero aninovo!
Georgian - გილოცავთ შობა-ახალ წელს (gilocavth shoba-akhal c’els) გილოცავ შობა-ახალ წელს (gilocav shoba-akhal c’els)
German - Fröhliche Weihnachten und ein gutes neues Jahr!
German (Bavarian) - Froue Weihnåcht'n, und a guad's nei's Joah!
German (Hessian) - Frohe Weihnachte unn ein gudes neus Jahr!
German (Swiss) - Schöni Wienachte und e guets neus Jahr! Schöni Wiehnachte und es guets Neus! Schöni Wiänachtä, äs guets Nöis!
German (Pennsylvania) - En frehlicher Grischtdaag un en hallich Nei Yaahr!
Greek - Καλά Χριστούγεννα! (kalá hristúyenna) Ευτυχισμένο το Νέο Έτος! (eftyhisméno to Néo Étos!) Καλή χρονιά! (kalí hroñá)
Greenlandic - Juullimi ukiortaasamilu pilluaritsi!
Hausa - Barka da Kirsimatikuma barka da sabuwar shekara!
Hawaiian - Mele Kalikimaka me ka Hauʻoli Makahiki Hou!
Hebrew - חג מולד שמח ושנה טובה Chag Molad Sameach v'Shanah Tovah
Hiligaynon - Malipayon nga Paskwa!
Mahamungayaon - Nga Bag-ong Tuig sa inyong tanan!
Hindi - शुभ क्रिसमस (Śubh krisamas) नये साल की हार्दिक शुभकामनायें (Naye sāl kī hārdik śubhkāmnayeṅ)
Hungarian - Kellemes karácsonyt és boldog új évet!
Icelandic - Gleðileg jól og farsælt komandi ár! Gleðileg jól og farsælt nýtt ár!
Ilokano - Naragsak a Paskua! Narang-ay a Baro a Tawen kadakayo amin!
Indonesian - Selamat hari natal dan tahun baru!
Inonhan - Malipayon nga Paskwa kag Masadya nga Bag-ong Tuig sa inyo tanan!
Inuktitut - Kuvianak Inovia! IñupiaqQuvianagli Anaiyyuniqpaliqsi suli Nakuuluni Ukiutqiutiqsi! InupiatunAnnaurri Aniruq-lu Paglaun Ukiutchiaq! Quvianaq Agaayuniqpak-lu Paglaun Ukiutchiaq! Nayaangmik Piqagiñ-lu Paglaun Ukiutchiaq!
Irish (Gaelic) - Nollaig shona duit! Beannachtaí na Nollag! Beannachtaí an tSéasúir! Athbhliain faoi mhaise duit! Bliain úr faoi shéan is faoi mhaise duit!
Italian - Buon Natale e felice anno nuovo!
Japanese - メリークリスマス (merī kurisumasu) 新年おめでとうございます (shinnen omedetō gozaimasu) 明けましておめでとうございます (akemashite omedetō gozaimasu) 旧年中大変お世話になりました (kyūnenjū taihen osewa ni narimashita) 本年もよろしくお願いいたします (honnen mo yoroshiku onegai itashimasu)
Jèrriais - Bouan Noué / Jouaiyeux Noué et Bouonne année! Un Bouan Noué et lé Nouvel An!
Judeo-Spanish / Ladino - Noel alegre i felis anyo muevo!
Kapampangan - Masayang Pasku! Masaplalang Bayung Banwa keko ngan!
Kazakh - Жаңа жыл құтты болсын! (Jaña jıl quttı bolsın!) Жаңа жылыңыз құтты болсын! (Jaña jılıñız quttı bolsın!)
Kinyarwanda - Noheri nziza n'umwaka mushya muhire!
Kirghiz - Жаны Жылыныздар куттуу болсун!
Korean - 즐거운 성탄절 보내세요 및 새해 복 많이 받으세요 (jeulgeoun seongtanjeol bonaeseyo mich saehae bok manhi bateusaeyo) 메리 크리스마스 잘 지내고 새해 복 많이 받으세요
(meri keuriseumaseu mich saehae bok manhi bateusaeyo)
Kurdish (Kurmanji) - Kirîsmes u ser sala we pîroz be!
Kurdish (Sorani) - Kirîsmes u salî nwêtan lê pîroz bê!
Lao - Souksan van Christmas! Sabai dee pee mai!
Latin - Natale hilare et annum faustum!
Latvian - Priecīgus Ziemassvētkus un laimīgu Jauno gadu!
Lithuanian - Linksmų Kalėdų ir laimingų Naujųjų Metų!
Luganda - Mbagaliza Christmass Enungi Nomwaka Omugya Gubaberere Gwamirembe!
Luxembourgish - E schéine Chrëschtdag an e glécklecht neit Joer!
Schéi Feierdeeg an e glécklecht neit Joer! Schéi Chrëschtdeeg an e gudde Rutsch an d'neit Joer!
Macedonian - Христос се роди! (Hristoc se rodi!) Среќен Божик и среќна Нова година! (Sreken Božik i srekna Nova godina)
Malagasy - Mirary noely sambatra! Arahabaina tratrin'ny taona vaovao!
Malay - Selamat Hari Natal! Selamat Tahun Baru!
Malayalam - പുഥുവല്സര ആശംസകല് (puthuvalsara aashamsakal) ക്രിസ്തുമസ് ആശംസകല് (kariistumasu aashamsakal) നവവല്സര ആശംസകല് (nava-valsara aashamsakal)
MalteseI - l-Milied Ħieni u s-Sena t-Tajba! Awguri għas-sena l-ġdid!
Manx - Nollick Ghennal as Blein Vie Noa!
Māori - Meri Kirihimete me ngā mihi o te tau hou ki a koutou katoa!
Marathi - शुभ नाताळ (Śubh Nātāḷ) नवीन वर्षच्या हार्दिक शुभेच्छा (Navīn varṣacyā hārdik śubhecchā)
Mongolian - Танд зул сарын баярын болон шинэ жилийн мэндийг хүргэе (Tand zul sariin bayriin bolon shine jiliin mendiig hurgey)
Navajo - Ya'at'eeh Keshmish!
Nepali - क्रस्मसको शुभकामना तथा नयाँ वर्षको शुभकामना
(krismas ko subhakamana tatha nayabarsha ko subhakamana)
Norwegian - God jul og godt nytt år! God jol og godt nyttår!
Occitan - Polit Nadal e bona annada!
Ogoni - Eenyie Mea Krist Ne Eenyie Aagbaa!
Old English - Glæd Geol and Gesælig Niw Gear!
Pangasinan - Maabig ya Pasko! Maaligwas ya Balon Taon ed sikayon amin!
Papiamentu - Bon Pasku i Felis Anja Nobo!
Persian - (kerismas mobārak) كریسمس مبارک
(sale no mobārak) سال نو مبارک
Polish - Wesołych świąt i szczęśliwego nowego roku!
Portuguese - Feliz Natal e próspero ano novo! Feliz Ano Novo!
Boas Festas e Feliz Ano Novo! Um Santo e Feliz Natal!
Punjab - iਕਰਿਸਮ ਤੇ ਨਵਾੰ ਸਾਲ ਖੁਸ਼ਿਯਾੰਵਾਲਾ ਹੋਵੇ (karisama te nawāṃ sāla khušayāṃwālā hewe)
Quenya - Alassëa Hristomerendë! Alassëa Vinyarië!
Rarotongan - Kia orana e kia manuia rava i teia Kiritimeti e te Mataiti Ou!
Romansh (Sursilvan dialect) - Legreivlas fiastas da Nadal ed in bien niev onn!
Romanian - Crăciun fericit şi un An Nou Fericit!
Russian - С наступающим Новым Годом! (S nastupayuščim Novym Godom) С Рождеством Христовым! (S Roždestvom Khristovym)
Samoan - Manuia le Kerisimasi, ma le Tausaga Fou!
Scots - A Blythe Yule an a Guid Hogmanay! Merry Christmas an a Guid Hogmanay!
Scottish - GaelicNollaig chridheil agus bliadhna mhath ùr!
Serbian (Orthodox) Христос се роди и срећна Нова година!
Serbian (Non-Orthodox) Срећан Божић и срећна Нова година!
Sesotho - Keresemese e monate le mahlohonolo a selemo se setjha!
Sicilian - Bon Natali e filici annu novu!
Sindarin - Mereth Veren e-Doled Eruion! Garo Idhrinn Eden Veren!
Slovak - Veselé vianoce a Štastný nový rok!
Slovenian - Vesel božič in Srečno novo leto!
Somali - Ciid wanaagsan iyo sanad cusub oo fiican!
Spanish - ¡Feliz Navidad y próspero año nuevo!
Swahili - Krismasi Njema! Heri ya krismas! Heri ya mwaka mpya!
Swedish - God jul och gott nytt år!
Tagalog - Maligayang Pasko, Manigong bagong taon!
Tamil - Nathar Puthu Varuda Valthukkal
Tahitian - Ia orana no te noere! Ia orana i te matahiti api!
Telugu - సంతోషకరమైన క్రిస్ఠ్మస్ ! (saṅthoashakaramaina kristmas) మరియు నూతన సంవత్సర శుభాకాంక్షలు (mariyu noothana saṅvathsara shubhaakaaṅkshalu)
Thai - สุขสันต์วันคริสต์มาส และสวัสดีปีใหม (souksaan wan Christmas sawatdii pimaï)
Tibetan - Iosalazashidele
Tigrinya - rHus beˋal ldet (ygberelka) rHus əwed ˋamet (ygberelka)
Tongan - Kilisimasi fiefia mo ha ta'u fo'ou monū'ia!
Tsotsil - Xmuyubajuk ti avo'one ti ta k'ine xchu'uk ti ta ach' jabile!
Turkish - İyi Noeller ve Mutlu Yıllar! İyi seneler / Yeni yılınız kutlu olsun! Yeni yılınızı kutlar, sağlık ve başarılar dileriz!
Ukrainian - Веселого Різдва і з Новим Роком!
Urdu - کرسمَس مبارک
نايا سال مبارک هو
بڑدا دنمبارک هو
Uzbek - Yangi yilingiz bilan!
Vietnamese - Chúc Giáng Sinh Vui Vẻ và Chúc Năm Mới Tốt Lành!
Volapük - Lemotöfazäli yofik e nulayeli läbik!
Võro - Hüvvä joulu ja õnnõlikku vahtsõt aastakka!
Waray-Waray - Maupay nga Pasko! Mainuswagon nga Bag-ong Tuig ha iyo ngatanan!
Welsh - Nadolig llawen a blwyddyn newydd dda!
West Inuktitun - Quvianaq Qitchirvik/Quviahugitsi Quviahugvingmi amma Quvianaq Ukiuaq Nutaaq Tikingmivuq!
Xhosa - Siniqwenelela Ikrisimesi Emnandi Nonyaka Omtsha Ozele Iintsikelelo!
Yorùbá - Ẹ ku Ayọ Keresimesi ati Ọdun Tuntun!
Zulu - Sinifesela uKhisimusi oMuhle noNyaka oMusha oNempumelelo!
Bahasa Malaysia - Selamat Hari Natal!
Bengali - Shuvo Baro Din - Shuvo Nabo Barsho!
Corsican - Bon Natale e Bon capu d' annu!
Crazanian - Rot Yikji Dol La Roo!
Duri - Christmas-e- Shoma Mobarak!
Eskimo - Jutdlime pivdluarit ukiortame pivdluaritlo!
Indonesian -Selamat Hari Natal!
Karelian - Rastawanke Sinun, Uvven Vuvenke Sinun!
Lappic - Buorit Juovllat ja Buorre Oddajahki!
Lausitzian - Wjesole hody a strowe nowe leto!
Livian - Riiemlizi Talspividi ja pagin vonno udaigastos!
Low Saxon - Heughliche Winachten un 'n moi Nijaar!
Marathi - Shub Naya Varsh!
Maori - Meri Kirihimete!
Monogasque - Festusu Natale e Bona ana noeva!
Oriya -Sukhamaya christmass ebang khusibhara naba barsa!
Papua New Guinea - Bikpela hamamas blong dispela Krismas na Nupela yia i go long yu!
Philippines Maligayang - Pasco at Manigong Bagong Taon!
Pashto - De Christmas akhtar de bakhtawar au newai kal de mubarak sha!
Punjabi - Nave sal di mubaraka!
Pushto - Christmas Aao Ne-way Kaal Mo Mobarak Sha!
Raeto-Ramance - Bella Festas da zNadal ed in Ventiravel Onn Nov!
Rhetian - Bellas festas da nadal e bun onn!
Romanche - Legreivlas fiastas da Nadal e bien niev onn!
Romani (GYPSY) - Bachtalo krecunu Thaj Bachtalo Nevo Bers!
Sami - Buorrit Juovllat!
Samoan - Manuia le Kerisimasi ma le Tausaga Fou!
Sardian - Felize Nadale e Bonu Cabuannu!
Sardinian -Bonu nadale e prosperu annu nou!
Surinamese (SRANANTONGO) - Wan Santa Bedaki!
Singhalese - Subha nath thalak Vewa. Subha Aluth Awrudhak Vewa!
Sorbian - Wjesole hody a strowe Nowe leto!
Somali - Ciid wanaagsan iyo sanad cusub oo fiican!
Sudanese - Wilujeng Natal Sareng Warsa Enggal!
Tagalog - Maligayang Pasko at Manigong Bagong Taon!
Tamil - Nathar Puthu Varuda Valthukkal!
Tok Pisin - Meri Krismas & Hepi Nu Yia!
Tongan - Kilisimasi Fiefia & Ta'u fo'ou monu ia!
Tswana - Keresemose o monate le masego a ngwaga o montsha!
Urdu - Naya Saal Mubarak Ho!
Vanina - Bon Natale a Tutti!
Vepsi - Rastvoidenke i Udenke Vodenke!
Yayeya - Krisema!
Afrikander - Een Plesierige Kerfees!
Tigrinja - Rehus-Beal-Ledeats!
Assyrian - Eidokhon Avee Brikha!
Azari - Bayramez Mobarak Olsen!
Bicolano - Maugmang Capascuhan asin Masaganang Ba-gong Taon!
Iban - Selamat Ari Krismas enggau Taun Baru!
Kadazan -Kotobian Tadau Do Krimas om Toun Vagu!
Trukeese - Neekirissimas annim oo iyer seefe feyiyeech!
Sobota - Dobro dedek!
Udmurt - Shuldyr Ymuśton!
Iroquois - Ojenyunyat Sungwiyadeson honungradon nagwutut. Ojenyunyat osrasay!
Reproducción a escala original (14x8x7 cm, peso 515 g) del denominado "Bote de Zamora", pieza de marfil que, según la inscripción que hay en su tapadera, es un regalo del califa Alhakén II a la concubina Subh, a finales del siglo X.
Fue guardado en la Catedral de Zamora hasta 1911. Actualmente está en el Museo Arqueológico Nacional, en Madrid.
Santa Claus is coming tonight!
Merry Christmas to everyone!
Christmas cake decoration depicting Santa Claus on a chimney photographed against a background of coloured Christmas tinsel
Lots more photos like this in my Christmas Set
Merry Christmas translations:-
English - Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year!
Afrikaans - Geseënde Kersfees en 'n gelukkige nuwe jaar! Geseënde Kersfees en 'n voorspoedige Nuwe jaar!
Akeanon - Maayad-ayad nga Paskwa! Mahigugmaon nga Bag-ong Dag-on kinyo tanan!
Albanian - Gëzuar Krishtlindjet e Vitin e Ri!
Aleut - Kamgan Ukudigaa!
Alsatian - E güeti Wïnâchte un e gleckichs Nej Johr!
Amharic - Melkam Gena! Melkam Addis Amet!
Apache (Western) - Gozhqq Keshmish!
Arabic (Modern Standard)أجمل التهاني بمناسبة الميلاد و حلول السنة الجديدة
(ajmil at-tihānī bimunāsabah al-mīlād wa ḥilūl as-sanah al-jadīdah)
Armenian (Eastern) - Շնորհավոր Ամանոր և Սուրբ Ծնունդ (Shnorhavor Amanor yev Surb Tznund)
Armenian (Western) - Շնորհաւոր Նոր Տարի եւ Սուրբ Ծնունդ: (Shnorhavor Nor Daree yev Soorp Dzuhnoont) Բարի կաղանդ և ամանոր (Paree gaghant yev amanor)
Aromanian - Cãrciun hãrios (Hristolu s-aflà! Dealihea cà s-afla!)
shi ti multsã-anji Anlu Nàù!
Asturian - Bones Navidaes y Gayoleru añu nuevu!
Aymara - Sooma Nawira-ra!
Azerbaijani - Yeni Iliniz Mübarək / Təzə iliniz yaxşı olsun!
Basque - Zorionak eta urte berri on!
Belarusian - З Божым нараджэннем! (Z Bozym naradzenniem!) Шчаслівых Калядау! (Szczaslivych Kaliadau!) З Новым годам i Калядамi! (Z Novym godam i Kaliadami!)
Bengali - শুভ বড়দিন (shubho bôṛodin) শুভ নববর্ষ (shubho nôbobôrsho)
Bikol - Maogmang Pasko! Mamura-way na Ba-gong Taon sa indo gabos!
Blackfoot - I'taamomahkatoyiiksistsikomi!
Bosnian - Sretan Bozic i sretna nova godina!
Breton - Nedeleg laouen ha bloavezh mat!
Bulgarian - Честита Коледа! (Čestita Koleda!) Щастлива Нова Година! (Štastliva Nova Godina!)
Catalan - Bon Nadal i feliç any nou!
Cebuano - Maayong Pasko! Mabungahong Bag-ong Tuig kaninyong tanan!
Chamorro - Felis Nåbidåt yan Magof na Åñu Nuebu! Felis Påsgua yan Magof na Åñu Nuebu!
Cherokee - Danistayohihv & Aliheli'sdi Itse Udetiyvasadisv!
Cheyenne - Hoesenestotse & Aa'eEmona'e!
Chinese (Cantonese) - 聖誕節同新年快樂 (singdaanjit tùnhg sànnìhn faailohk)
Chinese (Hakka) - 聖誕節快樂, 新年快樂 (shin5-tan5-ziet7 kwai5-lok8, sin1-ngien2 kwai5-lok8)
Chinese (Mandarin) - 聖誕快樂 新年快樂 [圣诞快乐 新年快乐] (shèngdàn kuàilè xīnnián kuàilè)
Chinese (Shanghainese) - 圣诞节快乐 (sendaijiq kualoq) 新年快乐 (sinni kualoq)
Chinese (Taiwanese) - Sèng-tàn-chiat Khòai-lo̍k (聖誕節快樂)
Sin-nî Chhut-thâu-thiⁿ (新年出頭天)
Chinese (Teochew) - 圣诞快乐 (siandang kuailak) 新年快乐 (singnin kuailak)
Choctaw - Yukpa, Nitak Hollo Chito!
Comanche - Tsaa Nu̶u̶sukatu̶̲ Waa Himaru̶!
Cornish - Nadelik Lowen ha Blydhen Nowydh Da! Nadelik Looan ha Looan Blethen Noweth! Nadelack looan ha looan blethan noueth!
Cree - Mitho Makosi Kesikansi!
Creek - Afvcke Nettvcakorakko!
Croatian - Sretan Božić! Sretna Nova godina!
Czech - Veselé vánoce a šťastný nový rok!
Danish - Glædelig jul og godt nytår!
Dutch - Prettige kerstdagen en een Gelukkig Nieuwjaar! Zalig kerstfeest en Gelukkig Nieuwjaar!
East Inuktitut - Quviasummi Quviasugitsi/Quviasuvvisiutsiarit ammalu Qitinngumarik!
Esperanto - Ĝojan/Bonan Kristnaskon kaj feliĉan novan jaron!
Estonian - Rõõmsaid Jõule ja Head Uut Aastat! Häid Jõule ja Head Uut Aastat!
Faroese - Gleðilig Jól og eydnuríkt nýggjár! Gleðilig Jól og gott nýggjár! Gleiðilig jól og eitt av harranum signað nýggjár!
Fijian - Me Nomuni na marau ni siga ni sucu dei na yabaki vou!
Finnish - Hyvää joulua ja onnellista uutta vuotta!
Flemish - Zalig Kerstfeest en Gelukkig nieuw jaar!
Frisian - Noflike Krystdagen en folle lok en seine!
French - Joyeux Noël et bonne année!
Friulian - Bon Nadâl e Biel An Gnûv!
Galician - Bo Nadal e próspero aninovo!
Georgian - გილოცავთ შობა-ახალ წელს (gilocavth shoba-akhal c’els) გილოცავ შობა-ახალ წელს (gilocav shoba-akhal c’els)
German - Fröhliche Weihnachten und ein gutes neues Jahr!
German (Bavarian) - Froue Weihnåcht'n, und a guad's nei's Joah!
German (Hessian) - Frohe Weihnachte unn ein gudes neus Jahr!
German (Swiss) - Schöni Wienachte und e guets neus Jahr! Schöni Wiehnachte und es guets Neus! Schöni Wiänachtä, äs guets Nöis!
German (Pennsylvania) - En frehlicher Grischtdaag un en hallich Nei Yaahr!
Greek - Καλά Χριστούγεννα! (kalá hristúyenna) Ευτυχισμένο το Νέο Έτος! (eftyhisméno to Néo Étos!) Καλή χρονιά! (kalí hroñá)
Greenlandic - Juullimi ukiortaasamilu pilluaritsi!
Hausa - Barka da Kirsimatikuma barka da sabuwar shekara!
Hawaiian - Mele Kalikimaka me ka Hauʻoli Makahiki Hou!
Hebrew - חג מולד שמח ושנה טובה Chag Molad Sameach v'Shanah Tovah
Hiligaynon - Malipayon nga Paskwa!
Mahamungayaon - Nga Bag-ong Tuig sa inyong tanan!
Hindi - शुभ क्रिसमस (Śubh krisamas) नये साल की हार्दिक शुभकामनायें (Naye sāl kī hārdik śubhkāmnayeṅ)
Hungarian - Kellemes karácsonyt és boldog új évet!
Icelandic - Gleðileg jól og farsælt komandi ár! Gleðileg jól og farsælt nýtt ár!
Ilokano - Naragsak a Paskua! Narang-ay a Baro a Tawen kadakayo amin!
Indonesian - Selamat hari natal dan tahun baru!
Inonhan - Malipayon nga Paskwa kag Masadya nga Bag-ong Tuig sa inyo tanan!
Inuktitut - Kuvianak Inovia! IñupiaqQuvianagli Anaiyyuniqpaliqsi suli Nakuuluni Ukiutqiutiqsi! InupiatunAnnaurri Aniruq-lu Paglaun Ukiutchiaq! Quvianaq Agaayuniqpak-lu Paglaun Ukiutchiaq! Nayaangmik Piqagiñ-lu Paglaun Ukiutchiaq!
Irish (Gaelic) - Nollaig shona duit! Beannachtaí na Nollag! Beannachtaí an tSéasúir! Athbhliain faoi mhaise duit! Bliain úr faoi shéan is faoi mhaise duit!
Italian - Buon Natale e felice anno nuovo!
Japanese - メリークリスマス (merī kurisumasu) 新年おめでとうございます (shinnen omedetō gozaimasu) 明けましておめでとうございます (akemashite omedetō gozaimasu) 旧年中大変お世話になりました (kyūnenjū taihen osewa ni narimashita) 本年もよろしくお願いいたします (honnen mo yoroshiku onegai itashimasu)
Jèrriais - Bouan Noué / Jouaiyeux Noué et Bouonne année! Un Bouan Noué et lé Nouvel An!
Judeo-Spanish / Ladino - Noel alegre i felis anyo muevo!
Kapampangan - Masayang Pasku! Masaplalang Bayung Banwa keko ngan!
Kazakh - Жаңа жыл құтты болсын! (Jaña jıl quttı bolsın!) Жаңа жылыңыз құтты болсын! (Jaña jılıñız quttı bolsın!)
Kinyarwanda - Noheri nziza n'umwaka mushya muhire!
Kirghiz - Жаны Жылыныздар куттуу болсун!
Korean - 즐거운 성탄절 보내세요 및 새해 복 많이 받으세요 (jeulgeoun seongtanjeol bonaeseyo mich saehae bok manhi bateusaeyo) 메리 크리스마스 잘 지내고 새해 복 많이 받으세요
(meri keuriseumaseu mich saehae bok manhi bateusaeyo)
Kurdish (Kurmanji) - Kirîsmes u ser sala we pîroz be!
Kurdish (Sorani) - Kirîsmes u salî nwêtan lê pîroz bê!
Lao - Souksan van Christmas! Sabai dee pee mai!
Latin - Natale hilare et annum faustum!
Latvian - Priecīgus Ziemassvētkus un laimīgu Jauno gadu!
Lithuanian - Linksmų Kalėdų ir laimingų Naujųjų Metų!
Luganda - Mbagaliza Christmass Enungi Nomwaka Omugya Gubaberere Gwamirembe!
Luxembourgish - E schéine Chrëschtdag an e glécklecht neit Joer!
Schéi Feierdeeg an e glécklecht neit Joer! Schéi Chrëschtdeeg an e gudde Rutsch an d'neit Joer!
Macedonian - Христос се роди! (Hristoc se rodi!) Среќен Божик и среќна Нова година! (Sreken Božik i srekna Nova godina)
Malagasy - Mirary noely sambatra! Arahabaina tratrin'ny taona vaovao!
Malay - Selamat Hari Natal! Selamat Tahun Baru!
Malayalam - പുഥുവല്സര ആശംസകല് (puthuvalsara aashamsakal) ക്രിസ്തുമസ് ആശംസകല് (kariistumasu aashamsakal) നവവല്സര ആശംസകല് (nava-valsara aashamsakal)
MalteseI - l-Milied Ħieni u s-Sena t-Tajba! Awguri għas-sena l-ġdid!
Manx - Nollick Ghennal as Blein Vie Noa!
Māori - Meri Kirihimete me ngā mihi o te tau hou ki a koutou katoa!
Marathi - शुभ नाताळ (Śubh Nātāḷ) नवीन वर्षच्या हार्दिक शुभेच्छा (Navīn varṣacyā hārdik śubhecchā)
Mongolian - Танд зул сарын баярын болон шинэ жилийн мэндийг хүргэе (Tand zul sariin bayriin bolon shine jiliin mendiig hurgey)
Navajo - Ya'at'eeh Keshmish!
Nepali - क्रस्मसको शुभकामना तथा नयाँ वर्षको शुभकामना
(krismas ko subhakamana tatha nayabarsha ko subhakamana)
Norwegian - God jul og godt nytt år! God jol og godt nyttår!
Occitan - Polit Nadal e bona annada!
Ogoni - Eenyie Mea Krist Ne Eenyie Aagbaa!
Old English - Glæd Geol and Gesælig Niw Gear!
Pangasinan - Maabig ya Pasko! Maaligwas ya Balon Taon ed sikayon amin!
Papiamentu - Bon Pasku i Felis Anja Nobo!
Persian - (kerismas mobārak) كریسمس مبارک
(sale no mobārak) سال نو مبارک
Polish - Wesołych świąt i szczęśliwego nowego roku!
Portuguese - Feliz Natal e próspero ano novo! Feliz Ano Novo!
Boas Festas e Feliz Ano Novo! Um Santo e Feliz Natal!
Punjab - iਕਰਿਸਮ ਤੇ ਨਵਾੰ ਸਾਲ ਖੁਸ਼ਿਯਾੰਵਾਲਾ ਹੋਵੇ (karisama te nawāṃ sāla khušayāṃwālā hewe)
Quenya - Alassëa Hristomerendë! Alassëa Vinyarië!
Rarotongan - Kia orana e kia manuia rava i teia Kiritimeti e te Mataiti Ou!
Romansh (Sursilvan dialect) - Legreivlas fiastas da Nadal ed in bien niev onn!
Romanian - Crăciun fericit şi un An Nou Fericit!
Russian - С наступающим Новым Годом! (S nastupayuščim Novym Godom) С Рождеством Христовым! (S Roždestvom Khristovym)
Samoan - Manuia le Kerisimasi, ma le Tausaga Fou!
Scots - A Blythe Yule an a Guid Hogmanay! Merry Christmas an a Guid Hogmanay!
Scottish - GaelicNollaig chridheil agus bliadhna mhath ùr!
Serbian (Orthodox) Христос се роди и срећна Нова година!
Serbian (Non-Orthodox) Срећан Божић и срећна Нова година!
Sesotho - Keresemese e monate le mahlohonolo a selemo se setjha!
Sicilian - Bon Natali e filici annu novu!
Sindarin - Mereth Veren e-Doled Eruion! Garo Idhrinn Eden Veren!
Slovak - Veselé vianoce a Štastný nový rok!
Slovenian - Vesel božič in Srečno novo leto!
Somali - Ciid wanaagsan iyo sanad cusub oo fiican!
Spanish - ¡Feliz Navidad y próspero año nuevo!
Swahili - Krismasi Njema! Heri ya krismas! Heri ya mwaka mpya!
Swedish - God jul och gott nytt år!
Tagalog - Maligayang Pasko, Manigong bagong taon!
Tamil - Nathar Puthu Varuda Valthukkal
Tahitian - Ia orana no te noere! Ia orana i te matahiti api!
Telugu - సంతోషకరమైన క్రిస్ఠ్మస్ ! (saṅthoashakaramaina kristmas) మరియు నూతన సంవత్సర శుభాకాంక్షలు (mariyu noothana saṅvathsara shubhaakaaṅkshalu)
Thai - สุขสันต์วันคริสต์มาส และสวัสดีปีใหม (souksaan wan Christmas sawatdii pimaï)
Tibetan - Iosalazashidele
Tigrinya - rHus beˋal ldet (ygberelka) rHus əwed ˋamet (ygberelka)
Tongan - Kilisimasi fiefia mo ha ta'u fo'ou monū'ia!
Tsotsil - Xmuyubajuk ti avo'one ti ta k'ine xchu'uk ti ta ach' jabile!
Turkish - İyi Noeller ve Mutlu Yıllar! İyi seneler / Yeni yılınız kutlu olsun! Yeni yılınızı kutlar, sağlık ve başarılar dileriz!
Ukrainian - Веселого Різдва і з Новим Роком!
Urdu - کرسمَس مبارک
نايا سال مبارک هو
بڑدا دنمبارک هو
Uzbek - Yangi yilingiz bilan!
Vietnamese - Chúc Giáng Sinh Vui Vẻ và Chúc Năm Mới Tốt Lành!
Volapük - Lemotöfazäli yofik e nulayeli läbik!
Võro - Hüvvä joulu ja õnnõlikku vahtsõt aastakka!
Waray-Waray - Maupay nga Pasko! Mainuswagon nga Bag-ong Tuig ha iyo ngatanan!
Welsh - Nadolig llawen a blwyddyn newydd dda!
West Inuktitun - Quvianaq Qitchirvik/Quviahugitsi Quviahugvingmi amma Quvianaq Ukiuaq Nutaaq Tikingmivuq!
Xhosa - Siniqwenelela Ikrisimesi Emnandi Nonyaka Omtsha Ozele Iintsikelelo!
Yorùbá - Ẹ ku Ayọ Keresimesi ati Ọdun Tuntun!
Zulu - Sinifesela uKhisimusi oMuhle noNyaka oMusha oNempumelelo!
Bahasa Malaysia - Selamat Hari Natal!
Bengali - Shuvo Baro Din - Shuvo Nabo Barsho!
Corsican - Bon Natale e Bon capu d' annu!
Crazanian - Rot Yikji Dol La Roo!
Duri - Christmas-e- Shoma Mobarak!
Eskimo - Jutdlime pivdluarit ukiortame pivdluaritlo!
Indonesian -Selamat Hari Natal!
Karelian - Rastawanke Sinun, Uvven Vuvenke Sinun!
Lappic - Buorit Juovllat ja Buorre Oddajahki!
Lausitzian - Wjesole hody a strowe nowe leto!
Livian - Riiemlizi Talspividi ja pagin vonno udaigastos!
Low Saxon - Heughliche Winachten un 'n moi Nijaar!
Marathi - Shub Naya Varsh!
Maori - Meri Kirihimete!
Monogasque - Festusu Natale e Bona ana noeva!
Oriya -Sukhamaya christmass ebang khusibhara naba barsa!
Papua New Guinea - Bikpela hamamas blong dispela Krismas na Nupela yia i go long yu!
Philippines Maligayang - Pasco at Manigong Bagong Taon!
Pashto - De Christmas akhtar de bakhtawar au newai kal de mubarak sha!
Punjabi - Nave sal di mubaraka!
Pushto - Christmas Aao Ne-way Kaal Mo Mobarak Sha!
Raeto-Ramance - Bella Festas da zNadal ed in Ventiravel Onn Nov!
Rhetian - Bellas festas da nadal e bun onn!
Romanche - Legreivlas fiastas da Nadal e bien niev onn!
Romani (GYPSY) - Bachtalo krecunu Thaj Bachtalo Nevo Bers!
Sami - Buorrit Juovllat!
Samoan - Manuia le Kerisimasi ma le Tausaga Fou!
Sardian - Felize Nadale e Bonu Cabuannu!
Sardinian -Bonu nadale e prosperu annu nou!
Surinamese (SRANANTONGO) - Wan Santa Bedaki!
Singhalese - Subha nath thalak Vewa. Subha Aluth Awrudhak Vewa!
Sorbian - Wjesole hody a strowe Nowe leto!
Somali - Ciid wanaagsan iyo sanad cusub oo fiican!
Sudanese - Wilujeng Natal Sareng Warsa Enggal!
Tagalog - Maligayang Pasko at Manigong Bagong Taon!
Tamil - Nathar Puthu Varuda Valthukkal!
Tok Pisin - Meri Krismas & Hepi Nu Yia!
Tongan - Kilisimasi Fiefia & Ta'u fo'ou monu ia!
Tswana - Keresemose o monate le masego a ngwaga o montsha!
Urdu - Naya Saal Mubarak Ho!
Vanina - Bon Natale a Tutti!
Vepsi - Rastvoidenke i Udenke Vodenke!
Yayeya - Krisema!
Afrikander - Een Plesierige Kerfees!
Tigrinja - Rehus-Beal-Ledeats!
Assyrian - Eidokhon Avee Brikha!
Azari - Bayramez Mobarak Olsen!
Bicolano - Maugmang Capascuhan asin Masaganang Ba-gong Taon!
Iban - Selamat Ari Krismas enggau Taun Baru!
Kadazan -Kotobian Tadau Do Krimas om Toun Vagu!
Trukeese - Neekirissimas annim oo iyer seefe feyiyeech!
Sobota - Dobro dedek!
Udmurt - Shuldyr Ymuśton!
Iroquois - Ojenyunyat Sungwiyadeson honungradon nagwutut. Ojenyunyat osrasay!
"HO HO HO...There is no reason to be claustrophobic...Don't be afraid of Santa Claus...HO HO HO"
I saw Santa as he crossed the window of Fortnum & Mason in London and I had the time to click this picture...
Merry Christmas, शुभ क्रिसमस (śubh krisamas), Joyeux Noël, Buon Natale, Feliz Navidad, Krismas Mubarak,...To everyone...!!!
Join the photographer at www.facebook.com/laurent.goldstein.photography
© All photographs are copyrighted and all rights reserved.
Please do not use any photographs without permission (even for private use).
The use of any work without consent of the artist is PROHIBITED and will lead automatically to consequences.
Afrikaans - Geseënde Kersfees en 'n gelukkige nuwe jaar!
Geseënde Kersfees en 'n voorspoedige Nuwe jaar!
Akeanon - Maayad-ayad nga Paskwa! Mahigugmaon nga Bag-ong Dag-on kinyo tanan!
Albanian - Gëzuar Krishtlindjet e Vitin e Ri!Aleut - Kamgan Ukudigaa!
Alsatian - E güeti Wïnâchte un e gleckichs Nej Johr!
Amharic - Melkam Gena! Melkam Addis Amet!
Apache (Western) - Gozhqq Keshmish!
Arabic (Modern Standard)أجمل التهاني بمناسبة الميلاد و حلول السنة الجديدة
(ajmil at-tihānī bimunāsabah al-mīlād wa ḥilūl as-sanah al-jadīdah)
Armenian (Eastern) - Շնորհավոր Ամանոր և Սուրբ Ծնունդ (Shnorhavor Amanor yev Surb Tznund)
Armenian (Western) - Շնորհաւոր Նոր Տարի եւ Սուրբ Ծնունդ: (Shnorhavor Nor Daree yev Soorp Dzuhnoont) Բարի կաղանդ և ամանոր (Paree gaghant yev amanor)
Aromanian - Cãrciun hãrios (Hristolu s-aflà! Dealihea cà s-afla!)
shi ti multsã-anji Anlu Nàù!
Asturian - Bones Navidaes y Gayoleru añu nuevu!
Aymara - Sooma Nawira-ra!
Azerbaijani - Yeni Iliniz Mübarək / Təzə iliniz yaxşı olsun!
Basque - Zorionak eta urte berri on!
Belarusian - З Божым нараджэннем! (Z Bozym naradzenniem!) Шчаслівых Калядау! (Szczaslivych Kaliadau!) З Новым годам i Калядамi! (Z Novym godam i Kaliadami!)
Bengali - শুভ বড়দিন (shubho bôṛodin) শুভ নববর্ষ (shubho nôbobôrsho)
Bikol - Maogmang Pasko! Mamura-way na Ba-gong Taon sa indo gabos!
Blackfoot - I'taamomahkatoyiiksistsikomi!
Bosnian - Sretan Bozic i sretna nova godina!
Breton - Nedeleg laouen ha bloavezh mat!
Bulgarian - Честита Коледа! (Čestita Koleda!) Щастлива Нова Година! (Štastliva Nova Godina!)
Catalan - Bon Nadal i feliç any nou!
Cebuano - Maayong Pasko! Mabungahong Bag-ong Tuig kaninyong tanan!
Chamorro - Felis Nåbidåt yan Magof na Åñu Nuebu! Felis Påsgua yan Magof na Åñu Nuebu!
Cherokee - Danistayohihv & Aliheli'sdi Itse Udetiyvasadisv!
Cheyenne - Hoesenestotse & Aa'eEmona'e!
Chinese (Cantonese) - 聖誕節同新年快樂 (singdaanjit tùnhg sànnìhn faailohk)
Chinese (Hakka) - 聖誕節快樂, 新年快樂 (shin5-tan5-ziet7 kwai5-lok8, sin1-ngien2 kwai5-lok8)
Chinese (Mandarin) - 聖誕快樂 新年快樂 [圣诞快乐 新年快乐] (shèngdàn kuàilè xīnnián kuàilè)
Chinese (Shanghainese) - 圣诞节快乐 (sendaijiq kualoq) 新年快乐 (sinni kualoq)
Chinese (Taiwanese) - Sèng-tàn-chiat Khòai-lo̍k (聖誕節快樂)
Sin-nî Chhut-thâu-thiⁿ (新年出頭天)
Chinese (Teochew) - 圣诞快乐 (siandang kuailak) 新年快乐 (singnin kuailak)
Choctaw - Yukpa, Nitak Hollo Chito!
Comanche - Tsaa Nu̶u̶sukatu̶̲ Waa Himaru̶!
Cornish - Nadelik Lowen ha Blydhen Nowydh Da! Nadelik Looan ha Looan Blethen Noweth! Nadelack looan ha looan blethan noueth!
Cree - Mitho Makosi Kesikansi!
Creek - Afvcke Nettvcakorakko!
Croatian - Sretan Božić! Sretna Nova godina!
Czech - Veselé vánoce a šťastný nový rok!
Danish - Glædelig jul og godt nytår!
Dutch - Prettige kerstdagen en een Gelukkig Nieuwjaar! Zalig kerstfeest en Gelukkig Nieuwjaar!
East Inuktitut - Quviasummi Quviasugitsi/Quviasuvvisiutsiarit ammalu Qitinngumarik!
Esperanto - Ĝojan/Bonan Kristnaskon kaj feliĉan novan jaron!
Estonian - Rõõmsaid Jõule ja Head Uut Aastat! Häid Jõule ja Head Uut Aastat!
Faroese - Gleðilig Jól og eydnuríkt nýggjár! Gleðilig Jól og gott nýggjár! Gleiðilig jól og eitt av harranum signað nýggjár!
Fijian - Me Nomuni na marau ni siga ni sucu dei na yabaki vou!
Finnish - Hyvää joulua ja onnellista uutta vuotta!
Flemish - Zalig Kerstfeest en Gelukkig nieuw jaar!
Frisian - Noflike Krystdagen en folle lok en seine!
French - Joyeux Noël et bonne année!
Friulian - Bon Nadâl e Biel An Gnûv!
Galician - Bo Nadal e próspero aninovo!
Georgian - გილოცავთ შობა-ახალ წელს (gilocavth shoba-akhal c’els) გილოცავ შობა-ახალ წელს (gilocav shoba-akhal c’els)
German - Fröhliche Weihnachten und ein gutes neues Jahr!
German (Bavarian) - Froue Weihnåcht'n, und a guad's nei's Joah!
German (Hessian) - Frohe Weihnachte unn ein gudes neus Jahr!
German (Swiss) - Schöni Wienachte und e guets neus Jahr! Schöni Wiehnachte und es guets Neus! Schöni Wiänachtä, äs guets Nöis!
German (Pennsylvania) - En frehlicher Grischtdaag un en hallich Nei Yaahr!
Greek - Καλά Χριστούγεννα! (kalá hristúyenna) Ευτυχισμένο το Νέο Έτος! (eftyhisméno to Néo Étos!) Καλή χρονιά! (kalí hroñá)
Greenlandic - Juullimi ukiortaasamilu pilluaritsi!
Hausa - Barka da Kirsimatikuma barka da sabuwar shekara!
Hawaiian - Mele Kalikimaka me ka Hauʻoli Makahiki Hou!
Hebrew - חג מולד שמח ושנה טובה Chag Molad Sameach v'Shanah Tovah
Hiligaynon - Malipayon nga Paskwa!
Mahamungayaon - Nga Bag-ong Tuig sa inyong tanan!
Hindi - शुभ क्रिसमस (Śubh krisamas) नये साल की हार्दिक शुभकामनायें (Naye sāl kī hārdik śubhkāmnayeṅ)
Hungarian - Kellemes karácsonyt és boldog új évet!
Icelandic - Gleðileg jól og farsælt komandi ár! Gleðileg jól og farsælt nýtt ár!
Ilokano - Naragsak a Paskua! Narang-ay a Baro a Tawen kadakayo amin!
Indonesian - Selamat hari natal dan tahun baru!
Inonhan - Malipayon nga Paskwa kag Masadya nga Bag-ong Tuig sa inyo tanan!
Inuktitut - Kuvianak Inovia! IñupiaqQuvianagli Anaiyyuniqpaliqsi suli Nakuuluni Ukiutqiutiqsi! InupiatunAnnaurri Aniruq-lu Paglaun Ukiutchiaq! Quvianaq Agaayuniqpak-lu Paglaun Ukiutchiaq! Nayaangmik Piqagiñ-lu Paglaun Ukiutchiaq!
Irish (Gaelic) - Nollaig shona duit! Beannachtaí na Nollag! Beannachtaí an tSéasúir! Athbhliain faoi mhaise duit! Bliain úr faoi shéan is faoi mhaise duit!
Italian - Buon Natale e felice anno nuovo!
Japanese - メリークリスマス (merī kurisumasu) 新年おめでとうございます (shinnen omedetō gozaimasu) 明けましておめでとうございます (akemashite omedetō gozaimasu) 旧年中大変お世話になりました (kyūnenjū taihen osewa ni narimashita) 本年もよろしくお願いいたします (honnen mo yoroshiku onegai itashimasu)
Jèrriais - Bouan Noué / Jouaiyeux Noué et Bouonne année! Un Bouan Noué et lé Nouvel An!
Judeo-Spanish / Ladino - Noel alegre i felis anyo muevo!
Kapampangan - Masayang Pasku! Masaplalang Bayung Banwa keko ngan!
Kazakh - Жаңа жыл құтты болсын! (Jaña jıl quttı bolsın!) Жаңа жылыңыз құтты болсын! (Jaña jılıñız quttı bolsın!)
Kinyarwanda - Noheri nziza n'umwaka mushya muhire!
Kirghiz - Жаны Жылыныздар куттуу болсун!
Korean - 즐거운 성탄절 보내세요 및 새해 복 많이 받으세요 (jeulgeoun seongtanjeol bonaeseyo mich saehae bok manhi bateusaeyo) 메리 크리스마스 잘 지내고 새해 복 많이 받으세요
(meri keuriseumaseu mich saehae bok manhi bateusaeyo)
Kurdish (Kurmanji) - Kirîsmes u ser sala we pîroz be!
Kurdish (Sorani) - Kirîsmes u salî nwêtan lê pîroz bê!
Lao - Souksan van Christmas! Sabai dee pee mai!
Latin - Natale hilare et annum faustum!
Latvian - Priecīgus Ziemassvētkus un laimīgu Jauno gadu!
Lithuanian - Linksmų Kalėdų ir laimingų Naujųjų Metų!
Luganda - Mbagaliza Christmass Enungi Nomwaka Omugya Gubaberere Gwamirembe!
Luxembourgish - E schéine Chrëschtdag an e glécklecht neit Joer!
Schéi Feierdeeg an e glécklecht neit Joer! Schéi Chrëschtdeeg an e gudde Rutsch an d'neit Joer!
Macedonian - Христос се роди! (Hristoc se rodi!) Среќен Божик и среќна Нова година! (Sreken Božik i srekna Nova godina)
Malagasy - Mirary noely sambatra! Arahabaina tratrin'ny taona vaovao!
Malay - Selamat Hari Natal! Selamat Tahun Baru!
Malayalam - പുഥുവല്സര ആശംസകല് (puthuvalsara aashamsakal) ക്രിസ്തുമസ് ആശംസകല് (kariistumasu aashamsakal) നവവല്സര ആശംസകല് (nava-valsara aashamsakal)
MalteseI - l-Milied Ħieni u s-Sena t-Tajba! Awguri għas-sena l-ġdid!
Manx - Nollick Ghennal as Blein Vie Noa!
Māori - Meri Kirihimete me ngā mihi o te tau hou ki a koutou katoa!
Marathi - शुभ नाताळ (Śubh Nātāḷ) नवीन वर्षच्या हार्दिक शुभेच्छा (Navīn varṣacyā hārdik śubhecchā)
Mongolian - Танд зул сарын баярын болон шинэ жилийн мэндийг хүргэе (Tand zul sariin bayriin bolon shine jiliin mendiig hurgey)
Navajo - Ya'at'eeh Keshmish!
Nepali - क्रस्मसको शुभकामना तथा नयाँ वर्षको शुभकामना
(krismas ko subhakamana tatha nayabarsha ko subhakamana)
Norwegian - God jul og godt nytt år! God jol og godt nyttår!
Occitan - Polit Nadal e bona annada!
Ogoni - Eenyie Mea Krist Ne Eenyie Aagbaa!
Old English - Glæd Geol and Gesælig Niw Gear!
Pangasinan - Maabig ya Pasko! Maaligwas ya Balon Taon ed sikayon amin!
Papiamentu - Bon Pasku i Felis Anja Nobo!
Persian - (kerismas mobārak) كریسمس مبارک
(sale no mobārak) سال نو مبارک
Polish - Wesołych świąt i szczęśliwego nowego roku!
Portuguese - Feliz Natal e próspero ano novo! Feliz Ano Novo!
Boas Festas e Feliz Ano Novo! Um Santo e Feliz Natal!
Punjab - iਕਰਿਸਮ ਤੇ ਨਵਾੰ ਸਾਲ ਖੁਸ਼ਿਯਾੰਵਾਲਾ ਹੋਵੇ (karisama te nawāṃ sāla khušayāṃwālā hewe)
Quenya - Alassëa Hristomerendë! Alassëa Vinyarië!
Rarotongan - Kia orana e kia manuia rava i teia Kiritimeti e te Mataiti Ou!
Romansh (Sursilvan dialect) - Legreivlas fiastas da Nadal ed in bien niev onn!
Romanian - Crăciun fericit şi un An Nou Fericit!
Russian - С наступающим Новым Годом! (S nastupayuščim Novym Godom) С Рождеством Христовым! (S Roždestvom Khristovym)
Samoan - Manuia le Kerisimasi, ma le Tausaga Fou!
Scots - A Blythe Yule an a Guid Hogmanay! Merry Christmas an a Guid Hogmanay!
Scottish - GaelicNollaig chridheil agus bliadhna mhath ùr!
Serbian (Orthodox) Христос се роди и срећна Нова година!
Serbian (Non-Orthodox) Срећан Божић и срећна Нова година!
Sesotho - Keresemese e monate le mahlohonolo a selemo se setjha!
Sicilian - Bon Natali e filici annu novu!
Sindarin - Mereth Veren e-Doled Eruion! Garo Idhrinn Eden Veren!
Slovak - Veselé vianoce a Štastný nový rok!
Slovenian - Vesel božič in Srečno novo leto!
Somali - Ciid wanaagsan iyo sanad cusub oo fiican!
Spanish - ¡Feliz Navidad y próspero año nuevo!
Swahili - Krismasi Njema! Heri ya krismas! Heri ya mwaka mpya!
Swedish - God jul och gott nytt år!
Tagalog - Maligayang Pasko, Manigong bagong taon!
Tamil - Nathar Puthu Varuda Valthukkal
Tahitian - Ia orana no te noere! Ia orana i te matahiti api!
Telugu - సంతోషకరమైన క్రిస్ఠ్మస్ ! (saṅthoashakaramaina kristmas) మరియు నూతన సంవత్సర శుభాకాంక్షలు (mariyu noothana saṅvathsara shubhaakaaṅkshalu)
Thai - สุขสันต์วันคริสต์มาส และสวัสดีปีใหม (souksaan wan Christmas sawatdii pimaï)
Tibetan - Iosalazashidele
Tigrinya - rHus beˋal ldet (ygberelka) rHus əwed ˋamet (ygberelka)
Tongan - Kilisimasi fiefia mo ha ta'u fo'ou monū'ia!
Tsotsil - Xmuyubajuk ti avo'one ti ta k'ine xchu'uk ti ta ach' jabile!
Turkish - İyi Noeller ve Mutlu Yıllar! İyi seneler / Yeni yılınız kutlu olsun! Yeni yılınızı kutlar, sağlık ve başarılar dileriz!
Ukrainian - Веселого Різдва і з Новим Роком!
Urdu - کرسمَس مبارک
نايا سال مبارک هو
بڑدا دنمبارک هو
Uzbek - Yangi yilingiz bilan!
Vietnamese - Chúc Giáng Sinh Vui Vẻ và Chúc Năm Mới Tốt Lành!
Volapük - Lemotöfazäli yofik e nulayeli läbik!
Võro - Hüvvä joulu ja õnnõlikku vahtsõt aastakka!
Waray-Waray - Maupay nga Pasko! Mainuswagon nga Bag-ong Tuig ha iyo ngatanan!
Welsh - Nadolig llawen a blwyddyn newydd dda!
West Inuktitun - Quvianaq Qitchirvik/Quviahugitsi Quviahugvingmi amma Quvianaq Ukiuaq Nutaaq Tikingmivuq!
Xhosa - Siniqwenelela Ikrisimesi Emnandi Nonyaka Omtsha Ozele Iintsikelelo!
Yorùbá - Ẹ ku Ayọ Keresimesi ati Ọdun Tuntun!
Zulu - Sinifesela uKhisimusi oMuhle noNyaka oMusha oNempumelelo!
Bahasa Malaysia - Selamat Hari Natal!
Bengali - Shuvo Baro Din - Shuvo Nabo Barsho!
Corsican - Bon Natale e Bon capu d' annu!
Crazanian - Rot Yikji Dol La Roo!
Duri - Christmas-e- Shoma Mobarak!
Eskimo - Jutdlime pivdluarit ukiortame pivdluaritlo!
Indonesian -Selamat Hari Natal!
Karelian - Rastawanke Sinun, Uvven Vuvenke Sinun!
Lappic - Buorit Juovllat ja Buorre Oddajahki!
Lausitzian - Wjesole hody a strowe nowe leto!
Livian - Riiemlizi Talspividi ja pagin vonno udaigastos!
Low Saxon - Heughliche Winachten un 'n moi Nijaar!
Marathi - Shub Naya Varsh!
Maori - Meri Kirihimete!
Monogasque - Festusu Natale e Bona ana noeva!
Oriya -Sukhamaya christmass ebang khusibhara naba barsa!
Papua New Guinea - Bikpela hamamas blong dispela Krismas na Nupela yia i go long yu!
Philippines Maligayang - Pasco at Manigong Bagong Taon!
Pashto - De Christmas akhtar de bakhtawar au newai kal de mubarak sha!
Punjabi - Nave sal di mubaraka!
Pushto - Christmas Aao Ne-way Kaal Mo Mobarak Sha!
Raeto-Ramance - Bella Festas da zNadal ed in Ventiravel Onn Nov!
Rhetian - Bellas festas da nadal e bun onn!
Romanche - Legreivlas fiastas da Nadal e bien niev onn!
Romani (GYPSY) - Bachtalo krecunu Thaj Bachtalo Nevo Bers!
Sami - Buorrit Juovllat!
Samoan - Manuia le Kerisimasi ma le Tausaga Fou!
Sardian - Felize Nadale e Bonu Cabuannu!
Sardinian -Bonu nadale e prosperu annu nou!
Surinamese (SRANANTONGO) - Wan Santa Bedaki!
Singhalese - Subha nath thalak Vewa. Subha Aluth Awrudhak Vewa!
Sorbian - Wjesole hody a strowe Nowe leto!
Somali - Ciid wanaagsan iyo sanad cusub oo fiican!
Sudanese - Wilujeng Natal Sareng Warsa Enggal!
Tagalog - Maligayang Pasko at Manigong Bagong Taon!
Tamil - Nathar Puthu Varuda Valthukkal!
Tok Pisin - Meri Krismas & Hepi Nu Yia!
Tongan - Kilisimasi Fiefia & Ta'u fo'ou monu ia!
Tswana - Keresemose o monate le masego a ngwaga o montsha!
Urdu - Naya Saal Mubarak Ho!
Vanina - Bon Natale a Tutti!
Vepsi - Rastvoidenke i Udenke Vodenke!
Yayeya - Krisema!
Afrikander - Een Plesierige Kerfees!
Tigrinja - Rehus-Beal-Ledeats!
Assyrian - Eidokhon Avee Brikha!
Azari - Bayramez Mobarak Olsen!
Bicolano - Maugmang Capascuhan asin Masaganang Ba-gong Taon!
Iban - Selamat Ari Krismas enggau Taun Baru!
Kadazan -Kotobian Tadau Do Krimas om Toun Vagu!
Trukeese - Neekirissimas annim oo iyer seefe feyiyeech!
Sobota - Dobro dedek!
Udmurt - Shuldyr Ymuśton!
Iroquois - Ojenyunyat Sungwiyadeson honungradon nagwutut. Ojenyunyat osrasay!
Vietnamese - Mừng Giáng Sinh vui vẽ!
Belgium. Meise.
National Botanic Garden.
Prunus is a genus of trees and shrubs, which includes the plums, cherries, peaches, apricots and almonds. There are around 430 species spread throughout the northern temperate regions of the globe. Many members of the genus are widely cultivated for fruit and ornament.
During the rather dreary months from late autumn to early spring there are a small number of woody plants that dare to flower and bring colour into the garden. The Autumn Cherry is one of them, Prunus x subhirtella ‘Autumnalis’.
Prunus x subhirtella ‘Autumnalis’ forms a small, open-branched tree with a spreading canopy; and even when it is in full leaf it does not cast a lot of shade. It is a great choice for a small town garden. The flowers are small but delicate and they are semi-double, pink when in bud, opening to a creamy white which continue to open during mild spells until the end of March, which is amazing as the frilled flowers first appear in November. It is lovely for cutting and brining indoors.
www.gardenhousebrighton.co.uk/lost-the-plot/prunus-x-subh...
Morning Hope
I chose this to photograph amoung the line of flowers along a road at Islamabad.
Tkx to friend 'ZAK! for the title.
Transvaal wijkpark Den Haag.
Het Holifeest of Holi-Phagwa of gewoon ‘Phagwa, Phagawa’, is een Hindoestaans feest dat jaarlijks gevierd wordt en in feite een combinatie is van een lentefeest, verlossingsfeest en een nieuwjaarsfeest. Volgens het Gregoriaanse kalender wordt het in het voorjaar gevierd, op de eerste dag van nieuwe maan maand chaitra. Het holifeest kenmerkt zich door culturele dans, - zang, versnaperingen en het strooien met (vaak rood en geel) gekleurd poeder en parfum (Goellaal en Abier).
Holi (Hindi: होली), or Phagwa (Bhojpuri), also called the Festival of Colours, is a popular Hindu spring festival observed in India and Nepal. In West Bengal, it is known as Dolyatra (Doljatra) or Boshonto Utsav ("spring festival").
On the second day, known as Dhulhendi, people spend the day throwing colored powder and water at each other. The spring season, during which the weather changes, is believed to cause viral fever and cold. Thus, the playful throwing of the colored powders has a medicinal significance: the colors are traditionally made of Neem, Kumkum, Haldi, Bilva, and other medicinal herbs prescribed by Āyurvedic doctors.
Belgium. Meise.
National Botanic Garden.
Prunus is a genus of trees and shrubs, which includes the plums, cherries, peaches, apricots and almonds. There are around 430 species spread throughout the northern temperate regions of the globe. Many members of the genus are widely cultivated for fruit and ornament.
During the rather dreary months from late autumn to early spring there are a small number of woody plants that dare to flower and bring colour into the garden. The Autumn Cherry is one of them, Prunus x subhirtella ‘Autumnalis’.
Prunus x subhirtella ‘Autumnalis’ forms a small, open-branched tree with a spreading canopy; and even when it is in full leaf it does not cast a lot of shade. It is a great choice for a small town garden. The flowers are small but delicate and they are semi-double, pink when in bud, opening to a creamy white which continue to open during mild spells until the end of March, which is amazing as the frilled flowers first appear in November. It is lovely for cutting and brining indoors.
www.gardenhousebrighton.co.uk/lost-the-plot/prunus-x-subh...
Heading northwest from Canbulat Gate, on the way back to the center of town are two small and closely situated Franco-Byzantine-style churches. To the north are the ruins of Agios Nikolaos (St Nicholas Church)
Famagusta is a city on the east coast of the de facto state Northern Cyprus. It is located east of Nicosia and possesses the deepest harbour of the island. During the Middle Ages (especially under the maritime republics of Genoa and Venice), Famagusta was the island's most important port city and a gateway to trade with the ports of the Levant, from where the Silk Road merchants carried their goods to Western Europe. The old walled city and parts of the modern city are de facto part of Northern Cyprus as the capital of the Gazimağusa District.
The city was known as Arsinoe or Arsinoë (Greek: Ἀρσινόη, Arsinóē) in antiquity, after Ptolemy II of Egypt's sister and wife Arsinoe II.
By the 3rd century, the city appears as Ammochostos (Greek: Ἀμμόχωστος or Αμμόχωστος, Ammókhōstos, "Hidden in Sand") in the Stadiasmus Maris Magni.[5] This name is still used in modern Greek with the pronunciation [aˈmːoxostos], while it developed into Latin Fama Augusta, French Famagouste, Italian Famagosta, and English Famagusta during the medieval period. Its informal modern Turkish name Mağusa (Turkish pronunciation: [maˈusa]) came from the same source. Since 1974, it has formally been known to Turkey and Northern Cyprus as Gazimağusa ([ɡaːzimaˈusa]), from the addition of the title gazi, meaning "veteran" or "one who has faught in a holy war".
In the early medieval period, the city was also known as New Justiniana (Greek: Νέα Ἰουστινιανία, Néa Ioustinianía) in appreciation for the patronage of the Byzantine emperor Justinian, whose wife Theodora was born there.
The old town of Famagusta has also been nicknamed "the City of 365 Churches" from the legend that, at its peak, it boasted a church for every day of the year.
The city was founded around 274 BC, after the serious damage to Salamis by an earthquake, by Ptolemy II Philadelphus and named "Arsinoe" after his sister.[6] Arsinoe was described as a "fishing town" by Strabo in his Geographica in the first century BC. In essence, Famagusta was the successor of the most famous and most important ancient city of Cyprus, Salamis. According to Greek mythology, Salamis was founded after the end of the Trojan War by Teucros, the son of Telamon and brother of Aedes, from the Greek island of Salamis.
The city experienced great prosperity much later, during the time of the Byzantine emperor Justinian. To honor the city, from which his wife Theodora came, Justinian enriched it with many buildings, while the inhabitants named it New Justiniania to express their gratitude. In AD 647, when the neighboring cities were destroyed by Arab raiding, the inhabitants of these cities moved to Famagusta, as a result of which the city's population increased significantly and the city experienced another boom.
Later, when Jerusalem was occupied by the Arabs, the Christian population fled to Famagusta, as a result of which the city became an important Christian center, but also one of the most important commercial centers in the eastern Mediterranean.
The turning point for Famagusta was 1192 with the onset of Lusignan rule. It was during this period that Famagusta developed as a fully-fledged town. It increased in importance to the Eastern Mediterranean due to its natural harbour and the walls that protected its inner town. Its population began to increase. This development accelerated in the 13th century as the town became a centre of commerce for both the East and West. An influx of Christian refugees fleeing the downfall of Acre (1291) in Palestine transformed it from a tiny village into one of the richest cities in Christendom.
In 1372 the port was seized by Genoa and in 1489 by Venice. This commercial activity turned Famagusta into a place where merchants and ship owners led lives of luxury. By the mid-14th century, Famagusta was said to have the richest citizens in the world. The belief that people's wealth could be measured by the churches they built inspired these merchants to have churches built in varying styles. These churches, which still exist, were the reason Famagusta came to be known as "the district of churches". The development of the town focused on the social lives of the wealthy people and was centred upon the Lusignan palace, the cathedral, the Square and the harbour.
In 1570–1571, Famagusta was the last stronghold in Venetian Cyprus to hold out against the Turks under Mustafa Pasha. It resisted a siege of thirteen months and a terrible bombardment, until at last the garrison surrendered. The Ottoman forces had lost 50,000 men, including Mustafa Pasha's son. Although the surrender terms had stipulated that the Venetian forces be allowed to return home, the Venetian commander, Marco Antonio Bragadin, was flayed alive, his lieutenant Tiepolo was hanged, and many other Christians were killed.
With the advent of the Ottoman rule, Latins lost their privileged status in Famagusta and were expelled from the city. Greek Cypriots natives were at first allowed to own and buy property in the city, but were banished from the walled city in 1573–74 and had to settle outside in the area that later developed into Varosha. Turkish families from Anatolia were resettled in the walled city but could not fill the buildings that previously hosted a population of 10,000. This caused a drastic decrease in the population of Famagusta. Merchants from Famagusta, who mostly consisted of Latins that had been expelled, resettled in Larnaca and as Larnaca flourished, Famagusta lost its importance as a trade centre. Over time, Varosha developed into a prosperous agricultural town thanks to its location away from the marshes, whilst the walled city remained dilapidated.
In the walled city, some buildings were repurposed to serve the interests of the Muslim population: the Cathedral of St. Nicholas was converted to a mosque (now known as Lala Mustafa Pasha Mosque), a bazaar was developed, public baths, fountains and a theological school were built to accommodate the inhabitants' needs. Dead end streets, an Ottoman urban characteristic, was imported to the city and a communal spirit developed in which a small number of two-storey houses inhabited by the small upper class co-existed with the widespread one-storey houses.
With the British takeover, Famagusta regained its significance as a port and an economic centre and its development was specifically targeted in British plans. As soon as the British took over the island, a Famagusta Development Act was passed that aimed at the reconstruction and redevelopment of the city's streets and dilapidated buildings as well as better hygiene. The port was developed and expanded between 1903 and 1906 and Cyprus Government Railway, with its terminus in Famagusta, started construction in 1904. Whilst Larnaca continued to be used as the main port of the island for some time, after Famagusta's use as a military base in World War I trade significantly shifted to Famagusta. The city outside the walls grew at an accelerated rate, with development being centred around Varosha. Varosha became the administrative centre as the British moved their headquarters and residences there and tourism grew significantly in the last years of the British rule. Pottery and production of citrus and potatoes also significantly grew in the city outside the walls, whilst agriculture within the walled city declined to non-existence.
New residential areas were built to accommodate the increasing population towards the end of the British rule,[11] and by 1960, Famagusta was a modern port city extending far beyond Varosha and the walled city.
The British period saw a significant demographic shift in the city. In 1881, Christians constituted 60% of the city's population while Muslims were at 40%. By 1960, the Turkish Cypriot population had dropped to 17.5% of the overall population, while the Greek Cypriot population had risen to 70%. The city was also the site for one of the British internment camps for nearly 50,000 Jewish survivors of the Holocaust trying to emigrate to Palestine.
From independence in 1960 to the Turkish invasion of Cyprus of 1974, Famagusta developed toward the south west of Varosha as a well-known entertainment and tourist centre. The contribution of Famagusta to the country's economic activity by 1974 far exceeded its proportional dimensions within the country. Whilst its population was only about 7% of the total of the country, Famagusta by 1974 accounted for over 10% of the total industrial employment and production of Cyprus, concentrating mainly on light industry compatible with its activity as a tourist resort and turning out high-quality products ranging from food, beverages and tobacco to clothing, footwear, plastics, light machinery and transport equipment. It contributed 19.3% of the business units and employed 21.3% of the total number of persons engaged in commerce on the island. It acted as the main tourist destination of Cyprus, hosting 31.5% of the hotels and 45% of Cyprus' total bed capacity. Varosha acted as the main touristic and business quarters.
In this period, the urbanisation of Famagusta slowed down and the development of the rural areas accelerated. Therefore, economic growth was shared between the city of Famagusta and the district, which had a balanced agricultural economy, with citrus, potatoes, tobacco and wheat as main products. Famagusta maintained good communications with this hinterland. The city's port remained the island's main seaport and in 1961, it was expanded to double its capacity in order to accommodate the growing volume of exports and imports. The port handled 42.7% of Cypriot exports, 48.6% of imports and 49% of passenger traffic.
There has not been an official census since 1960 but the population of the town in 1974 was estimated to be around 39,000 not counting about 12,000–15,000 persons commuting daily from the surrounding villages and suburbs to work in Famagusta. The number of people staying in the city would swell to about 90,000–100,000 during the peak summer tourist period, with the influx of tourists from numerous European countries, mainly Britain, France, Germany and the Scandinavian countries. The majority of the city population were Greek Cypriots (26,500), with 8,500 Turkish Cypriots and 4,000 people from other ethnic groups.
During the second phase of the Turkish invasion of Cyprus on 14 August 1974 the Mesaoria plain was overrun by Turkish tanks and Famagusta was bombed by Turkish aircraft. It took two days for the Turkish Army to occupy the city, prior to which Famagusta's entire Greek Cypriot population had fled into surrounding fields. As a result of Turkish airstrikes dozens of civilians died, including tourists.
Unlike other parts of the Turkish-controlled areas of Cyprus, the Varosha suburb of Famagusta was fenced off by the Turkish army immediately after being captured and remained fenced off until October 2020, when the TRNC reopened some streets to visitors. Some Greek Cypriots who had fled Varosha have been allowed to view the town and journalists have been allowed in.
UN Security Council resolution 550 (1984) considers any attempts to settle any part of Famagusta by people other than its inhabitants as inadmissible and calls for the transfer of this area to the administration of the UN. The UN's Security Council resolution 789 (1992) also urges that with a view to the implementation of resolution 550 (1984), the area at present under the control of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus be extended to include Varosha.
Famagusta's historic city centre is surrounded by the fortifications of Famagusta, which have a roughly rectangular shape, built mainly by the Venetians in the 15th and 16th centuries, though some sections of the walls have been dated earlier times, as far as 1211.
Some important landmarks and visitor attractions in the old city are:
The Lala Mustafa Pasha Mosque
The Othello Castle
Palazzo del Provveditore - the Venetian palace of the governor, built on the site of the former Lusignan royal palace
St. Francis' Church
Sinan Pasha Mosque
Church of St. George of the Greeks
Church of St. George of the Latins
Twin Churches
Nestorian Church (of St George the Exiler)
Namık Kemal Dungeon
Agios Ioannis Church
Venetian House
Akkule Masjid
Mustafa Pasha Mosque
Ganchvor monastery
In an October 2010 report titled Saving Our Vanishing Heritage, Global Heritage Fund listed Famagusta, a "maritime ancient city of crusader kings", among the 12 sites most "On the Verge" of irreparable loss and destruction, citing insufficient management and development pressures.
Famagusta is an important commercial hub of Northern Cyprus. The main economic activities in the city are tourism, education, construction and industrial production. It has a 115-acre free port, which is the most important seaport of Northern Cyprus for travel and commerce. The port is an important source of income and employment for the city, though its volume of trade is restricted by the embargo against Northern Cyprus. Its historical sites, including the walled city, Salamis, the Othello Castle and the St Barnabas Church, as well as the sandy beaches surrounding it make it a tourist attraction; efforts are also underway to make the city more attractive for international congresses. The Eastern Mediterranean University is also an important employer and supplies significant income and activity, as well as opportunities for the construction sector. The university also raises a qualified workforce that stimulates the city's industry and makes communications industry viable. The city has two industrial zones: the Large Industrial Zone and the Little Industrial Zone. The city is also home to a fishing port, but inadequate infrastructure of the port restricts the growth of this sector. The industry in the city has traditionally been concentrated on processing agricultural products.
Historically, the port was the primary source of income and employment for the city, especially right after 1974. However, it gradually lost some of its importance to the economy as the share of its employees in the population of Famagusta diminished due to various reasons. However, it still is the primary port for commerce in Northern Cyprus, with more than half of ships that came to Northern Cyprus in 2013 coming to Famagusta. It is the second most popular seaport for passengers, after Kyrenia, with around 20,000 passengers using the port in 2013.
The mayor-in-exile of Famagusta is Simos Ioannou. Süleyman Uluçay heads the Turkish Cypriot municipal administration of Famagusta, which remains legal as a communal-based body under the constitutional system of the Republic of Cyprus.
Since 1974, Greek Cypriots submitted a number of proposals within the context of bicommunal discussions for the return of Varosha to UN administration, allowing the return of its previous inhabitants, requesting also the opening of Famagusta harbour for use by both communities. Varosha would have been returned to Greek Cypriot control as part of the 2004 Annan Plan but the plan had been rejected by a majority(3/4) of Greek Cypriot voters.
The walled city of Famagusta contains many unique buildings. Famagusta has a walled city popular with tourists.
Every year, the International Famagusta Art and Culture Festival is organized in Famagusta. Concerts, dance shows and theater plays take place during the festival.
A growth in tourism and the city's university have fueled the development of Famagusta's vibrant nightlife. Nightlife in the city is especially active on Wednesday, Friday and Saturday nights and in the hotter months of the year, starting from April. Larger hotels in the city have casinos that cater to their customers. Salamis Road is an area of Famagusta with a heavy concentration of bars frequented by students and locals.
Famagusta's Othello Castle is the setting for Shakespeare's play Othello. The city was also the setting for Victoria Hislop's 2015 novel The Sunrise, and Michael Paraskos's 2016 novel In Search of Sixpence. The city is the birthplace of the eponymous hero of the Renaissance proto-novel Fortunatus.
Famagusta was home to many Greek Cypriot sport teams that left the city because of the Turkish invasion and still bear their original names. Most notable football clubs originally from the city are Anorthosis Famagusta FC and Nea Salamis Famagusta FC, both of the Cypriot First Division, which are now based in Larnaca. Usually Anorthosis Famagusta fans are politically right wing where Nea Salamis fans are left wing.
Famagusta is represented by Mağusa Türk Gücü in the Turkish Cypriot First Division. Dr. Fazıl Küçük Stadium is the largest football stadium in Famagusta. Many Turkish Cypriot sport teams that left Southern Cyprus because of the Cypriot intercommunal violence are based in Famagusta.
Famagusta is represented by DAÜ Sports Club and Magem Sports Club in North Cyprus First Volleyball Division. Gazimağusa Türk Maarif Koleji represents Famagusta in the North Cyprus High School Volleyball League.
Famagusta has a modern volleyball stadium called the Mağusa Arena.
The Eastern Mediterranean University was founded in the city in 1979. The Istanbul Technical University founded a campus in the city in 2010.
The Cyprus College of Art was founded in Famagusta by the Cypriot artist Stass Paraskos in 1969, before moving to Paphos in 1972 after protests from local hoteliers that the presence of art students in the city was putting off holidaymakers.
Famagusta has three general hospitals. Gazimağusa Devlet Hastahanesi, a state hospital, is the biggest hospital in city. Gazimağusa Tıp Merkezi and Gazimağusa Yaşam Hastahanesi are private hospitals.
Personalities
Saint Barnabas, born and died in Salamis, Famagusta
Chris Achilleos, illustrator of the book versions on the BBC children's series Doctor Who
Beran Bertuğ, former Governor of Famagusta, first Cypriot woman to hold this position
Marios Constantinou, former international Cypriot football midfielder and current manager.
Eleftheria Eleftheriou, Cypriot singer.
Derviş Eroğlu, former President of Northern Cyprus
Alexis Galanos, 7th President of the House of Representatives and Famagusta mayor-in-exile (2006-2019) (Republic of Cyprus)
Xanthos Hadjisoteriou, Cypriot painter
Oz Karahan, political activist, President of the Union of Cypriots
Oktay Kayalp, former Turkish Cypriot Famagusta mayor (Northern Cyprus)
Harry Luke British diplomat
Angelos Misos, former international footballer
Costas Montis was an influential and prolific Greek Cypriot poet, novelist, and playwright born in Famagusta.
Hal Ozsan, actor (Dawson's Creek, Kyle XY)
Dimitris Papadakis, a Greek Cypriot politician, who served as a Member of the European Parliament.
Ṣubḥ-i-Azal, Persian religious leader, lived and died in exile in Famagusta
Touker Suleyman (born Türker Süleyman), British Turkish Cypriot fashion retail entrepreneur, investor and reality television personality.
Alexia Vassiliou, singer, left here as a refugee when the town was invaded.
George Vasiliou, former President of Cyprus
Vamik Volkan, Emeritus Professor of Psychiatry
Derviş Zaim, film director
Famagusta is twinned with:
İzmir, Turkey (since 1974)
Corfu, Greece (since 1994)
Patras, Greece (since 1994)
Antalya, Turkey (since 1997)
Salamina (city), Greece (since 1998)
Struga, North Macedonia
Athens, Greece (since 2005)
Mersin, Turkey
Northern Cyprus, officially the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), is a de facto state that comprises the northeastern portion of the island of Cyprus. It is recognised only by Turkey, and its territory is considered by all other states to be part of the Republic of Cyprus.
Northern Cyprus extends from the tip of the Karpass Peninsula in the northeast to Morphou Bay, Cape Kormakitis and its westernmost point, the Kokkina exclave in the west. Its southernmost point is the village of Louroujina. A buffer zone under the control of the United Nations stretches between Northern Cyprus and the rest of the island and divides Nicosia, the island's largest city and capital of both sides.
A coup d'état in 1974, performed as part of an attempt to annex the island to Greece, prompted the Turkish invasion of Cyprus. This resulted in the eviction of much of the north's Greek Cypriot population, the flight of Turkish Cypriots from the south, and the partitioning of the island, leading to a unilateral declaration of independence by the north in 1983. Due to its lack of recognition, Northern Cyprus is heavily dependent on Turkey for economic, political and military support.
Attempts to reach a solution to the Cyprus dispute have been unsuccessful. The Turkish Army maintains a large force in Northern Cyprus with the support and approval of the TRNC government, while the Republic of Cyprus, the European Union as a whole, and the international community regard it as an occupation force. This military presence has been denounced in several United Nations Security Council resolutions.
Northern Cyprus is a semi-presidential, democratic republic with a cultural heritage incorporating various influences and an economy that is dominated by the services sector. The economy has seen growth through the 2000s and 2010s, with the GNP per capita more than tripling in the 2000s, but is held back by an international embargo due to the official closure of the ports in Northern Cyprus by the Republic of Cyprus. The official language is Turkish, with a distinct local dialect being spoken. The vast majority of the population consists of Sunni Muslims, while religious attitudes are mostly moderate and secular. Northern Cyprus is an observer state of ECO and OIC under the name "Turkish Cypriot State", PACE under the name "Turkish Cypriot Community", and Organization of Turkic States with its own name.
Several distinct periods of Cypriot intercommunal violence involving the two main ethnic communities, Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots, marked mid-20th century Cyprus. These included the Cyprus Emergency of 1955–59 during British rule, the post-independence Cyprus crisis of 1963–64, and the Cyprus crisis of 1967. Hostilities culminated in the 1974 de facto division of the island along the Green Line following the Turkish invasion of Cyprus. The region has been relatively peaceful since then, but the Cyprus dispute has continued, with various attempts to solve it diplomatically having been generally unsuccessful.
Cyprus, an island lying in the eastern Mediterranean, hosted a population of Greeks and Turks (four-fifths and one-fifth, respectively), who lived under British rule in the late nineteenth-century and the first half of the twentieth-century. Christian Orthodox Church of Cyprus played a prominent political role among the Greek Cypriot community, a privilege that it acquired during the Ottoman Empire with the employment of the millet system, which gave the archbishop an unofficial ethnarch status.
The repeated rejections by the British of Greek Cypriot demands for enosis, union with Greece, led to armed resistance, organised by the National Organization of Cypriot Struggle, or EOKA. EOKA, led by the Greek-Cypriot commander George Grivas, systematically targeted British colonial authorities. One of the effects of EOKA's campaign was to alter the Turkish position from demanding full reincorporation into Turkey to a demand for taksim (partition). EOKA's mission and activities caused a "Cretan syndrome" (see Turkish Resistance Organisation) within the Turkish Cypriot community, as its members feared that they would be forced to leave the island in such a case as had been the case with Cretan Turks. As such, they preferred the continuation of British colonial rule and then taksim, the division of the island. Due to the Turkish Cypriots' support for the British, EOKA's leader, Georgios Grivas, declared them to be enemies. The fact that the Turks were a minority was, according to Nihat Erim, to be addressed by the transfer of thousands of Turks from mainland Turkey so that Greek Cypriots would cease to be the majority. When Erim visited Cyprus as the Turkish representative, he was advised by Field Marshal Sir John Harding, the then Governor of Cyprus, that Turkey should send educated Turks to settle in Cyprus.
Turkey actively promoted the idea that on the island of Cyprus two distinctive communities existed, and sidestepped its former claim that "the people of Cyprus were all Turkish subjects". In doing so, Turkey's aim to have self-determination of two to-be equal communities in effect led to de jure partition of the island.[citation needed] This could be justified to the international community against the will of the majority Greek population of the island. Dr. Fazil Küçük in 1954 had already proposed Cyprus be divided in two at the 35° parallel.
Lindley Dan, from Notre Dame University, spotted the roots of intercommunal violence to different visions among the two communities of Cyprus (enosis for Greek Cypriots, taksim for Turkish Cypriots). Also, Lindlay wrote that "the merging of church, schools/education, and politics in divisive and nationalistic ways" had played a crucial role in creation of havoc in Cyprus' history. Attalides Michael also pointed to the opposing nationalisms as the cause of the Cyprus problem.
By the mid-1950's, the "Cyprus is Turkish" party, movement, and slogan gained force in both Cyprus and Turkey. In a 1954 editorial, Turkish Cypriot leader Dr. Fazil Kuchuk expressed the sentiment that the Turkish youth had grown up with the idea that "as soon as Great Britain leaves the island, it will be taken over by the Turks", and that "Turkey cannot tolerate otherwise". This perspective contributed to the willingness of Turkish Cypriots to align themselves with the British, who started recruiting Turkish Cypriots into the police force that patrolled Cyprus to fight EOKA, a Greek Cypriot nationalist organisation that sought to rid the island of British rule.
EOKA targeted colonial authorities, including police, but Georgios Grivas, the leader of EOKA, did not initially wish to open up a new front by fighting Turkish Cypriots and reassured them that EOKA would not harm their people. In 1956, some Turkish Cypriot policemen were killed by EOKA members and this provoked some intercommunal violence in the spring and summer, but these attacks on policemen were not motivated by the fact that they were Turkish Cypriots.
However, in January 1957, Grivas changed his policy as his forces in the mountains became increasingly pressured by the British Crown forces. In order to divert the attention of the Crown forces, EOKA members started to target Turkish Cypriot policemen intentionally in the towns, so that Turkish Cypriots would riot against the Greek Cypriots and the security forces would have to be diverted to the towns to restore order. The killing of a Turkish Cypriot policeman on 19 January, when a power station was bombed, and the injury of three others, provoked three days of intercommunal violence in Nicosia. The two communities targeted each other in reprisals, at least one Greek Cypriot was killed and the British Army was deployed in the streets. Greek Cypriot stores were burned and their neighbourhoods attacked. Following the events, the Greek Cypriot leadership spread the propaganda that the riots had merely been an act of Turkish Cypriot aggression. Such events created chaos and drove the communities apart both in Cyprus and in Turkey.
On 22 October 1957 Sir Hugh Mackintosh Foot replaced Sir John Harding as the British Governor of Cyprus. Foot suggested five to seven years of self-government before any final decision. His plan rejected both enosis and taksim. The Turkish Cypriot response to this plan was a series of anti-British demonstrations in Nicosia on 27 and 28 January 1958 rejecting the proposed plan because the plan did not include partition. The British then withdrew the plan.
In 1957, Black Gang, a Turkish Cypriot pro-taksim paramilitary organisation, was formed to patrol a Turkish Cypriot enclave, the Tahtakale district of Nicosia, against activities of EOKA. The organisation later attempted to grow into a national scale, but failed to gain public support.
By 1958, signs of dissatisfaction with the British increased on both sides, with a group of Turkish Cypriots forming Volkan (later renamed to the Turkish Resistance Organisation) paramilitary group to promote partition and the annexation of Cyprus to Turkey as dictated by the Menderes plan. Volkan initially consisted of roughly 100 members, with the stated aim of raising awareness in Turkey of the Cyprus issue and courting military training and support for Turkish Cypriot fighters from the Turkish government.
In June 1958, the British Prime Minister, Harold Macmillan, was expected to propose a plan to resolve the Cyprus issue. In light of the new development, the Turks rioted in Nicosia to promote the idea that Greek and Turkish Cypriots could not live together and therefore any plan that did not include partition would not be viable. This violence was soon followed by bombing, Greek Cypriot deaths and looting of Greek Cypriot-owned shops and houses. Greek and Turkish Cypriots started to flee mixed population villages where they were a minority in search of safety. This was effectively the beginning of the segregation of the two communities. On 7 June 1958, a bomb exploded at the entrance of the Turkish Embassy in Cyprus. Following the bombing, Turkish Cypriots looted Greek Cypriot properties. On 26 June 1984, the Turkish Cypriot leader, Rauf Denktaş, admitted on British channel ITV that the bomb was placed by the Turks themselves in order to create tension. On 9 January 1995, Rauf Denktaş repeated his claim to the famous Turkish newspaper Milliyet in Turkey.
The crisis reached a climax on 12 June 1958, when eight Greeks, out of an armed group of thirty five arrested by soldiers of the Royal Horse Guards on suspicion of preparing an attack on the Turkish quarter of Skylloura, were killed in a suspected attack by Turkish Cypriot locals, near the village of Geunyeli, having been ordered to walk back to their village of Kondemenos.
After the EOKA campaign had begun, the British government successfully began to turn the Cyprus issue from a British colonial problem into a Greek-Turkish issue. British diplomacy exerted backstage influence on the Adnan Menderes government, with the aim of making Turkey active in Cyprus. For the British, the attempt had a twofold objective. The EOKA campaign would be silenced as quickly as possible, and Turkish Cypriots would not side with Greek Cypriots against the British colonial claims over the island, which would thus remain under the British. The Turkish Cypriot leadership visited Menderes to discuss the Cyprus issue. When asked how the Turkish Cypriots should respond to the Greek Cypriot claim of enosis, Menderes replied: "You should go to the British foreign minister and request the status quo be prolonged, Cyprus to remain as a British colony". When the Turkish Cypriots visited the British Foreign Secretary and requested for Cyprus to remain a colony, he replied: "You should not be asking for colonialism at this day and age, you should be asking for Cyprus be returned to Turkey, its former owner".
As Turkish Cypriots began to look to Turkey for protection, Greek Cypriots soon understood that enosis was extremely unlikely. The Greek Cypriot leader, Archbishop Makarios III, now set independence for the island as his objective.
Britain resolved to solve the dispute by creating an independent Cyprus. In 1959, all involved parties signed the Zurich Agreements: Britain, Turkey, Greece, and the Greek and Turkish Cypriot leaders, Makarios and Dr. Fazil Kucuk, respectively. The new constitution drew heavily on the ethnic composition of the island. The President would be a Greek Cypriot, and the Vice-President a Turkish Cypriot with an equal veto. The contribution to the public service would be set at a ratio of 70:30, and the Supreme Court would consist of an equal number of judges from both communities as well as an independent judge who was not Greek, Turkish or British. The Zurich Agreements were supplemented by a number of treaties. The Treaty of Guarantee stated that secession or union with any state was forbidden, and that Greece, Turkey and Britain would be given guarantor status to intervene if that was violated. The Treaty of Alliance allowed for two small Greek and Turkish military contingents to be stationed on the island, and the Treaty of Establishment gave Britain sovereignty over two bases in Akrotiri and Dhekelia.
On 15 August 1960, the Colony of Cyprus became fully independent as the Republic of Cyprus. The new republic remained within the Commonwealth of Nations.
The new constitution brought dissatisfaction to Greek Cypriots, who felt it to be highly unjust for them for historical, demographic and contributional reasons. Although 80% of the island's population were Greek Cypriots and these indigenous people had lived on the island for thousands of years and paid 94% of taxes, the new constitution was giving the 17% of the population that was Turkish Cypriots, who paid 6% of taxes, around 30% of government jobs and 40% of national security jobs.
Within three years tensions between the two communities in administrative affairs began to show. In particular disputes over separate municipalities and taxation created a deadlock in government. A constitutional court ruled in 1963 Makarios had failed to uphold article 173 of the constitution which called for the establishment of separate municipalities for Turkish Cypriots. Makarios subsequently declared his intention to ignore the judgement, resulting in the West German judge resigning from his position. Makarios proposed thirteen amendments to the constitution, which would have had the effect of resolving most of the issues in the Greek Cypriot favour. Under the proposals, the President and Vice-President would lose their veto, the separate municipalities as sought after by the Turkish Cypriots would be abandoned, the need for separate majorities by both communities in passing legislation would be discarded and the civil service contribution would be set at actual population ratios (82:18) instead of the slightly higher figure for Turkish Cypriots.
The intention behind the amendments has long been called into question. The Akritas plan, written in the height of the constitutional dispute by the Greek Cypriot interior minister Polycarpos Georkadjis, called for the removal of undesirable elements of the constitution so as to allow power-sharing to work. The plan envisaged a swift retaliatory attack on Turkish Cypriot strongholds should Turkish Cypriots resort to violence to resist the measures, stating "In the event of a planned or staged Turkish attack, it is imperative to overcome it by force in the shortest possible time, because if we succeed in gaining command of the situation (in one or two days), no outside, intervention would be either justified or possible." Whether Makarios's proposals were part of the Akritas plan is unclear, however it remains that sentiment towards enosis had not completely disappeared with independence. Makarios described independence as "a step on the road to enosis".[31] Preparations for conflict were not entirely absent from Turkish Cypriots either, with right wing elements still believing taksim (partition) the best safeguard against enosis.
Greek Cypriots however believe the amendments were a necessity stemming from a perceived attempt by Turkish Cypriots to frustrate the working of government. Turkish Cypriots saw it as a means to reduce their status within the state from one of co-founder to that of minority, seeing it as a first step towards enosis. The security situation deteriorated rapidly.
Main articles: Bloody Christmas (1963) and Battle of Tillyria
An armed conflict was triggered after December 21, 1963, a period remembered by Turkish Cypriots as Bloody Christmas, when a Greek Cypriot policemen that had been called to help deal with a taxi driver refusing officers already on the scene access to check the identification documents of his customers, took out his gun upon arrival and shot and killed the taxi driver and his partner. Eric Solsten summarised the events as follows: "a Greek Cypriot police patrol, ostensibly checking identification documents, stopped a Turkish Cypriot couple on the edge of the Turkish quarter. A hostile crowd gathered, shots were fired, and two Turkish Cypriots were killed."
In the morning after the shooting, crowds gathered in protest in Northern Nicosia, likely encouraged by the TMT, without incident. On the evening of the 22nd, gunfire broke out, communication lines to the Turkish neighbourhoods were cut, and the Greek Cypriot police occupied the nearby airport. On the 23rd, a ceasefire was negotiated, but did not hold. Fighting, including automatic weapons fire, between Greek and Turkish Cypriots and militias increased in Nicosia and Larnaca. A force of Greek Cypriot irregulars led by Nikos Sampson entered the Nicosia suburb of Omorphita and engaged in heavy firing on armed, as well as by some accounts unarmed, Turkish Cypriots. The Omorphita clash has been described by Turkish Cypriots as a massacre, while this view has generally not been acknowledged by Greek Cypriots.
Further ceasefires were arranged between the two sides, but also failed. By Christmas Eve, the 24th, Britain, Greece, and Turkey had joined talks, with all sides calling for a truce. On Christmas day, Turkish fighter jets overflew Nicosia in a show of support. Finally it was agreed to allow a force of 2,700 British soldiers to help enforce a ceasefire. In the next days, a "buffer zone" was created in Nicosia, and a British officer marked a line on a map with green ink, separating the two sides of the city, which was the beginning of the "Green Line". Fighting continued across the island for the next several weeks.
In total 364 Turkish Cypriots and 174 Greek Cypriots were killed during the violence. 25,000 Turkish Cypriots from 103-109 villages fled and were displaced into enclaves and thousands of Turkish Cypriot houses were ransacked or completely destroyed.
Contemporary newspapers also reported on the forceful exodus of the Turkish Cypriots from their homes. According to The Times in 1964, threats, shootings and attempts of arson were committed against the Turkish Cypriots to force them out of their homes. The Daily Express wrote that "25,000 Turks have already been forced to leave their homes". The Guardian reported a massacre of Turks at Limassol on 16 February 1964.
Turkey had by now readied its fleet and its fighter jets appeared over Nicosia. Turkey was dissuaded from direct involvement by the creation of a United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) in 1964. Despite the negotiated ceasefire in Nicosia, attacks on the Turkish Cypriot persisted, particularly in Limassol. Concerned about the possibility of a Turkish invasion, Makarios undertook the creation of a Greek Cypriot conscript-based army called the "National Guard". A general from Greece took charge of the army, whilst a further 20,000 well-equipped officers and men were smuggled from Greece into Cyprus. Turkey threatened to intervene once more, but was prevented by a strongly worded letter from the American President Lyndon B. Johnson, anxious to avoid a conflict between NATO allies Greece and Turkey at the height of the Cold War.
Turkish Cypriots had by now established an important bridgehead at Kokkina, provided with arms, volunteers and materials from Turkey and abroad. Seeing this incursion of foreign weapons and troops as a major threat, the Cypriot government invited George Grivas to return from Greece as commander of the Greek troops on the island and launch a major attack on the bridgehead. Turkey retaliated by dispatching its fighter jets to bomb Greek positions, causing Makarios to threaten an attack on every Turkish Cypriot village on the island if the bombings did not cease. The conflict had now drawn in Greece and Turkey, with both countries amassing troops on their Thracian borders. Efforts at mediation by Dean Acheson, a former U.S. Secretary of State, and UN-appointed mediator Galo Plaza had failed, all the while the division of the two communities becoming more apparent. Greek Cypriot forces were estimated at some 30,000, including the National Guard and the large contingent from Greece. Defending the Turkish Cypriot enclaves was a force of approximately 5,000 irregulars, led by a Turkish colonel, but lacking the equipment and organisation of the Greek forces.
The Secretary-General of the United Nations in 1964, U Thant, reported the damage during the conflicts:
UNFICYP carried out a detailed survey of all damage to properties throughout the island during the disturbances; it shows that in 109 villages, most of them Turkish-Cypriot or mixed villages, 527 houses have been destroyed while 2,000 others have suffered damage from looting.
The situation worsened in 1967, when a military junta overthrew the democratically elected government of Greece, and began applying pressure on Makarios to achieve enosis. Makarios, not wishing to become part of a military dictatorship or trigger a Turkish invasion, began to distance himself from the goal of enosis. This caused tensions with the junta in Greece as well as George Grivas in Cyprus. Grivas's control over the National Guard and Greek contingent was seen as a threat to Makarios's position, who now feared a possible coup.[citation needed] The National Guard and Cyprus Police began patrolling the Turkish Cypriot enclaves of Ayios Theodoros and Kophinou, and on November 15 engaged in heavy fighting with the Turkish Cypriots.
By the time of his withdrawal 26 Turkish Cypriots had been killed. Turkey replied with an ultimatum demanding that Grivas be removed from the island, that the troops smuggled from Greece in excess of the limits of the Treaty of Alliance be removed, and that the economic blockades on the Turkish Cypriot enclaves be lifted. Grivas was recalled by the Athens Junta and the 12,000 Greek troops were withdrawn. Makarios now attempted to consolidate his position by reducing the number of National Guard troops, and by creating a paramilitary force loyal to Cypriot independence. In 1968, acknowledging that enosis was now all but impossible, Makarios stated, "A solution by necessity must be sought within the limits of what is feasible which does not always coincide with the limits of what is desirable."
After 1967 tensions between the Greek and Turkish Cypriots subsided. Instead, the main source of tension on the island came from factions within the Greek Cypriot community. Although Makarios had effectively abandoned enosis in favour of an 'attainable solution', many others continued to believe that the only legitimate political aspiration for Greek Cypriots was union with Greece.
On his arrival, Grivas began by establishing a nationalist paramilitary group known as the National Organization of Cypriot Fighters (Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston B or EOKA-B), drawing comparisons with the EOKA struggle for enosis under the British colonial administration of the 1950s.
The military junta in Athens saw Makarios as an obstacle. Makarios's failure to disband the National Guard, whose officer class was dominated by mainland Greeks, had meant the junta had practical control over the Cypriot military establishment, leaving Makarios isolated and a vulnerable target.
During the first Turkish invasion, Turkish troops invaded Cyprus territory on 20 July 1974, invoking its rights under the Treaty of Guarantee. This expansion of Turkish-occupied zone violated International Law as well as the Charter of the United Nations. Turkish troops managed to capture 3% of the island which was accompanied by the burning of the Turkish Cypriot quarter, as well as the raping and killing of women and children. A temporary cease-fire followed which was mitigated by the UN Security Council. Subsequently, the Greek military Junta collapsed on July 23, 1974, and peace talks commenced in which a democratic government was installed. The Resolution 353 was broken after Turkey attacked a second time and managed to get a hold of 37% of Cyprus territory. The Island of Cyprus was appointed a Buffer Zone by the United Nations, which divided the island into two zones through the 'Green Line' and put an end to the Turkish invasion. Although Turkey announced that the occupied areas of Cyprus to be called the Federated Turkish State in 1975, it is not legitimised on a worldwide political scale. The United Nations called for the international recognition of independence for the Republic of Cyprus in the Security Council Resolution 367.
In the years after the Turkish invasion of northern Cyprus one can observe a history of failed talks between the two parties. The 1983 declaration of the independent Turkish Republic of Cyprus resulted in a rise of inter-communal tensions and made it increasingly hard to find mutual understanding. With Cyprus' interest of a possible EU membership and a new UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan in 1997 new hopes arose for a fresh start. International involvement from sides of the US and UK, wanting a solution to the Cyprus dispute prior to the EU accession led to political pressures for new talks. The believe that an accession without a solution would threaten Greek-Turkish relations and acknowledge the partition of the island would direct the coming negotiations.
Over the course of two years a concrete plan, the Annan plan was formulated. In 2004 the fifth version agreed upon from both sides and with the endorsement of Turkey, US, UK and EU then was presented to the public and was given a referendum in both Cypriot communities to assure the legitimisation of the resolution. The Turkish Cypriots voted with 65% for the plan, however the Greek Cypriots voted with a 76% majority against. The Annan plan contained multiple important topics. Firstly it established a confederation of two separate states called the United Cyprus Republic. Both communities would have autonomous states combined under one unified government. The members of parliament would be chosen according to the percentage in population numbers to ensure a just involvement from both communities. The paper proposed a demilitarisation of the island over the next years. Furthermore it agreed upon a number of 45000 Turkish settlers that could remain on the island. These settlers became a very important issue concerning peace talks. Originally the Turkish government encouraged Turks to settle in Cyprus providing transfer and property, to establish a counterpart to the Greek Cypriot population due to their 1 to 5 minority. With the economic situation many Turkish-Cypriot decided to leave the island, however their departure is made up by incoming Turkish settlers leaving the population ratio between Turkish Cypriots and Greek Cypriots stable. However all these points where criticised and as seen in the vote rejected mainly by the Greek Cypriots. These name the dissolution of the „Republic of Cyprus", economic consequences of a reunion and the remaining Turkish settlers as reason. Many claim that the plan was indeed drawing more from Turkish-Cypriot demands then Greek-Cypriot interests. Taking in consideration that the US wanted to keep Turkey as a strategic partner in future Middle Eastern conflicts.
A week after the failed referendum the Republic of Cyprus joined the EU. In multiple instances the EU tried to promote trade with Northern Cyprus but without internationally recognised ports this spiked a grand debate. Both side endure their intention of negotiations, however without the prospect of any new compromises or agreements the UN is unwilling to start the process again. Since 2004 negotiations took place in numbers but without any results, both sides are strongly holding on to their position without an agreeable solution in sight that would suit both parties.
The Biddulph Gate in Famagusta, Turkish Republic of North Cyprus, is a ruined structure named after General Sir Robert Biddulph. It is situated within the walled city of Famagusta but is not part of the defensive wall. The gate's current state is that of a ruin.
The history of the Biddulph Gate is closely tied to General Sir Robert Biddulph, a British military officer who served in Cyprus during the late 19th century. It is believed that the gate was named in his honor, possibly due to his contributions or association with the region.
The exact origins and architectural details of the Biddulph Gate are unclear due to its ruined state. It is possible that the gate had historical significance and functioned as an entry point or passage within the walled city of Famagusta. However, the lack of available information makes it challenging to provide an in-depth account of its original purpose or design.
Over time, the Biddulph Gate fell into disrepair and is now in a ruined state. The specific reasons for its deterioration or the events that led to its current condition remain unclear. The gate's ruinous state adds to its historical intrigue and provides a sense of mystery surrounding its past.
Despite its ruined state, the Biddulph Gate holds cultural and historical importance as a tangible reminder of Famagusta's past. It serves as a poignant symbol of the city's history and the passage of time.
Preservation and restoration efforts may be necessary to protect the Biddulph Gate and prevent further deterioration. These initiatives could focus on stabilizing the structure, conducting archaeological research, and potentially opening it up to visitors as a cultural and historical attraction.
In conclusion, the Biddulph Gate in Famagusta, Turkish Republic of North Cyprus, is a ruined structure named after General Sir Robert Biddulph. While its exact origins and original purpose are unclear due to its current state, the gate's association with General Biddulph and its location within the walled city of Famagusta contribute to its historical significance. Efforts to preserve and understand this cultural heritage site may be necessary to ensure its continued appreciation and exploration.
General Sir Robert Biddulph, (26 August 1835 – 18 November 1918) was a senior British Army officer. He served as Quartermaster-General to the Forces in 1893, and was then Governor of Gibraltar until 1900.
Military career
Educated at Twyford School and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, Biddulph was commissioned into the Royal Artillery in 1853. He served in the Crimean War and was present at the Siege of Sevastopol in 1854. He then served in the Indian Mutiny, and was Brigade Major during the Siege of Lucknow in 1857.
In 1871 he was selected to be Assistant Adjutant-General at the War Office and then in 1879 he succeeded Sir Garnet Wolseley as High Commissioner and Commander-in-Chief of Cyprus. In 1886, he returned to London to be Inspector-General of Recruiting and two years later became Director-General of Military Education. In 1893 he was briefly Quartermaster-General to the Forces. Later that year he became Governor of Gibraltar, serving as such until 1900. He was Colonel Commandant of Royal Artillery, and was placed on retired pay on 26 August 1902.
His final appointment, in 1904, was as Army Purchase Commissioner: in that capacity he abolished the purchase of commissions.
He was appointed Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath in the 1899 Birthday Honours. Biddulph's Gate in Famagusta in Cyprus is named after him.
Famagusta is a city on the east coast of the de facto state Northern Cyprus. It is located east of Nicosia and possesses the deepest harbour of the island. During the Middle Ages (especially under the maritime republics of Genoa and Venice), Famagusta was the island's most important port city and a gateway to trade with the ports of the Levant, from where the Silk Road merchants carried their goods to Western Europe. The old walled city and parts of the modern city are de facto part of Northern Cyprus as the capital of the Gazimağusa District.
The city was known as Arsinoe or Arsinoë (Greek: Ἀρσινόη, Arsinóē) in antiquity, after Ptolemy II of Egypt's sister and wife Arsinoe II.
By the 3rd century, the city appears as Ammochostos (Greek: Ἀμμόχωστος or Αμμόχωστος, Ammókhōstos, "Hidden in Sand") in the Stadiasmus Maris Magni.[5] This name is still used in modern Greek with the pronunciation [aˈmːoxostos], while it developed into Latin Fama Augusta, French Famagouste, Italian Famagosta, and English Famagusta during the medieval period. Its informal modern Turkish name Mağusa (Turkish pronunciation: [maˈusa]) came from the same source. Since 1974, it has formally been known to Turkey and Northern Cyprus as Gazimağusa ([ɡaːzimaˈusa]), from the addition of the title gazi, meaning "veteran" or "one who has faught in a holy war".
In the early medieval period, the city was also known as New Justiniana (Greek: Νέα Ἰουστινιανία, Néa Ioustinianía) in appreciation for the patronage of the Byzantine emperor Justinian, whose wife Theodora was born there.
The old town of Famagusta has also been nicknamed "the City of 365 Churches" from the legend that, at its peak, it boasted a church for every day of the year.
The city was founded around 274 BC, after the serious damage to Salamis by an earthquake, by Ptolemy II Philadelphus and named "Arsinoe" after his sister.[6] Arsinoe was described as a "fishing town" by Strabo in his Geographica in the first century BC. In essence, Famagusta was the successor of the most famous and most important ancient city of Cyprus, Salamis. According to Greek mythology, Salamis was founded after the end of the Trojan War by Teucros, the son of Telamon and brother of Aedes, from the Greek island of Salamis.
The city experienced great prosperity much later, during the time of the Byzantine emperor Justinian. To honor the city, from which his wife Theodora came, Justinian enriched it with many buildings, while the inhabitants named it New Justiniania to express their gratitude. In AD 647, when the neighboring cities were destroyed by Arab raiding, the inhabitants of these cities moved to Famagusta, as a result of which the city's population increased significantly and the city experienced another boom.
Later, when Jerusalem was occupied by the Arabs, the Christian population fled to Famagusta, as a result of which the city became an important Christian center, but also one of the most important commercial centers in the eastern Mediterranean.
The turning point for Famagusta was 1192 with the onset of Lusignan rule. It was during this period that Famagusta developed as a fully-fledged town. It increased in importance to the Eastern Mediterranean due to its natural harbour and the walls that protected its inner town. Its population began to increase. This development accelerated in the 13th century as the town became a centre of commerce for both the East and West. An influx of Christian refugees fleeing the downfall of Acre (1291) in Palestine transformed it from a tiny village into one of the richest cities in Christendom.
In 1372 the port was seized by Genoa and in 1489 by Venice. This commercial activity turned Famagusta into a place where merchants and ship owners led lives of luxury. By the mid-14th century, Famagusta was said to have the richest citizens in the world. The belief that people's wealth could be measured by the churches they built inspired these merchants to have churches built in varying styles. These churches, which still exist, were the reason Famagusta came to be known as "the district of churches". The development of the town focused on the social lives of the wealthy people and was centred upon the Lusignan palace, the cathedral, the Square and the harbour.
In 1570–1571, Famagusta was the last stronghold in Venetian Cyprus to hold out against the Turks under Mustafa Pasha. It resisted a siege of thirteen months and a terrible bombardment, until at last the garrison surrendered. The Ottoman forces had lost 50,000 men, including Mustafa Pasha's son. Although the surrender terms had stipulated that the Venetian forces be allowed to return home, the Venetian commander, Marco Antonio Bragadin, was flayed alive, his lieutenant Tiepolo was hanged, and many other Christians were killed.
With the advent of the Ottoman rule, Latins lost their privileged status in Famagusta and were expelled from the city. Greek Cypriots natives were at first allowed to own and buy property in the city, but were banished from the walled city in 1573–74 and had to settle outside in the area that later developed into Varosha. Turkish families from Anatolia were resettled in the walled city but could not fill the buildings that previously hosted a population of 10,000. This caused a drastic decrease in the population of Famagusta. Merchants from Famagusta, who mostly consisted of Latins that had been expelled, resettled in Larnaca and as Larnaca flourished, Famagusta lost its importance as a trade centre. Over time, Varosha developed into a prosperous agricultural town thanks to its location away from the marshes, whilst the walled city remained dilapidated.
In the walled city, some buildings were repurposed to serve the interests of the Muslim population: the Cathedral of St. Nicholas was converted to a mosque (now known as Lala Mustafa Pasha Mosque), a bazaar was developed, public baths, fountains and a theological school were built to accommodate the inhabitants' needs. Dead end streets, an Ottoman urban characteristic, was imported to the city and a communal spirit developed in which a small number of two-storey houses inhabited by the small upper class co-existed with the widespread one-storey houses.
With the British takeover, Famagusta regained its significance as a port and an economic centre and its development was specifically targeted in British plans. As soon as the British took over the island, a Famagusta Development Act was passed that aimed at the reconstruction and redevelopment of the city's streets and dilapidated buildings as well as better hygiene. The port was developed and expanded between 1903 and 1906 and Cyprus Government Railway, with its terminus in Famagusta, started construction in 1904. Whilst Larnaca continued to be used as the main port of the island for some time, after Famagusta's use as a military base in World War I trade significantly shifted to Famagusta. The city outside the walls grew at an accelerated rate, with development being centred around Varosha. Varosha became the administrative centre as the British moved their headquarters and residences there and tourism grew significantly in the last years of the British rule. Pottery and production of citrus and potatoes also significantly grew in the city outside the walls, whilst agriculture within the walled city declined to non-existence.
New residential areas were built to accommodate the increasing population towards the end of the British rule,[11] and by 1960, Famagusta was a modern port city extending far beyond Varosha and the walled city.
The British period saw a significant demographic shift in the city. In 1881, Christians constituted 60% of the city's population while Muslims were at 40%. By 1960, the Turkish Cypriot population had dropped to 17.5% of the overall population, while the Greek Cypriot population had risen to 70%. The city was also the site for one of the British internment camps for nearly 50,000 Jewish survivors of the Holocaust trying to emigrate to Palestine.
From independence in 1960 to the Turkish invasion of Cyprus of 1974, Famagusta developed toward the south west of Varosha as a well-known entertainment and tourist centre. The contribution of Famagusta to the country's economic activity by 1974 far exceeded its proportional dimensions within the country. Whilst its population was only about 7% of the total of the country, Famagusta by 1974 accounted for over 10% of the total industrial employment and production of Cyprus, concentrating mainly on light industry compatible with its activity as a tourist resort and turning out high-quality products ranging from food, beverages and tobacco to clothing, footwear, plastics, light machinery and transport equipment. It contributed 19.3% of the business units and employed 21.3% of the total number of persons engaged in commerce on the island. It acted as the main tourist destination of Cyprus, hosting 31.5% of the hotels and 45% of Cyprus' total bed capacity. Varosha acted as the main touristic and business quarters.
In this period, the urbanisation of Famagusta slowed down and the development of the rural areas accelerated. Therefore, economic growth was shared between the city of Famagusta and the district, which had a balanced agricultural economy, with citrus, potatoes, tobacco and wheat as main products. Famagusta maintained good communications with this hinterland. The city's port remained the island's main seaport and in 1961, it was expanded to double its capacity in order to accommodate the growing volume of exports and imports. The port handled 42.7% of Cypriot exports, 48.6% of imports and 49% of passenger traffic.
There has not been an official census since 1960 but the population of the town in 1974 was estimated to be around 39,000 not counting about 12,000–15,000 persons commuting daily from the surrounding villages and suburbs to work in Famagusta. The number of people staying in the city would swell to about 90,000–100,000 during the peak summer tourist period, with the influx of tourists from numerous European countries, mainly Britain, France, Germany and the Scandinavian countries. The majority of the city population were Greek Cypriots (26,500), with 8,500 Turkish Cypriots and 4,000 people from other ethnic groups.
During the second phase of the Turkish invasion of Cyprus on 14 August 1974 the Mesaoria plain was overrun by Turkish tanks and Famagusta was bombed by Turkish aircraft. It took two days for the Turkish Army to occupy the city, prior to which Famagusta's entire Greek Cypriot population had fled into surrounding fields. As a result of Turkish airstrikes dozens of civilians died, including tourists.
Unlike other parts of the Turkish-controlled areas of Cyprus, the Varosha suburb of Famagusta was fenced off by the Turkish army immediately after being captured and remained fenced off until October 2020, when the TRNC reopened some streets to visitors. Some Greek Cypriots who had fled Varosha have been allowed to view the town and journalists have been allowed in.
UN Security Council resolution 550 (1984) considers any attempts to settle any part of Famagusta by people other than its inhabitants as inadmissible and calls for the transfer of this area to the administration of the UN. The UN's Security Council resolution 789 (1992) also urges that with a view to the implementation of resolution 550 (1984), the area at present under the control of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus be extended to include Varosha.
Famagusta's historic city centre is surrounded by the fortifications of Famagusta, which have a roughly rectangular shape, built mainly by the Venetians in the 15th and 16th centuries, though some sections of the walls have been dated earlier times, as far as 1211.
Some important landmarks and visitor attractions in the old city are:
The Lala Mustafa Pasha Mosque
The Othello Castle
Palazzo del Provveditore - the Venetian palace of the governor, built on the site of the former Lusignan royal palace
St. Francis' Church
Sinan Pasha Mosque
Church of St. George of the Greeks
Church of St. George of the Latins
Twin Churches
Nestorian Church (of St George the Exiler)
Namık Kemal Dungeon
Agios Ioannis Church
Venetian House
Akkule Masjid
Mustafa Pasha Mosque
Ganchvor monastery
In an October 2010 report titled Saving Our Vanishing Heritage, Global Heritage Fund listed Famagusta, a "maritime ancient city of crusader kings", among the 12 sites most "On the Verge" of irreparable loss and destruction, citing insufficient management and development pressures.
Famagusta is an important commercial hub of Northern Cyprus. The main economic activities in the city are tourism, education, construction and industrial production. It has a 115-acre free port, which is the most important seaport of Northern Cyprus for travel and commerce. The port is an important source of income and employment for the city, though its volume of trade is restricted by the embargo against Northern Cyprus. Its historical sites, including the walled city, Salamis, the Othello Castle and the St Barnabas Church, as well as the sandy beaches surrounding it make it a tourist attraction; efforts are also underway to make the city more attractive for international congresses. The Eastern Mediterranean University is also an important employer and supplies significant income and activity, as well as opportunities for the construction sector. The university also raises a qualified workforce that stimulates the city's industry and makes communications industry viable. The city has two industrial zones: the Large Industrial Zone and the Little Industrial Zone. The city is also home to a fishing port, but inadequate infrastructure of the port restricts the growth of this sector. The industry in the city has traditionally been concentrated on processing agricultural products.
Historically, the port was the primary source of income and employment for the city, especially right after 1974. However, it gradually lost some of its importance to the economy as the share of its employees in the population of Famagusta diminished due to various reasons. However, it still is the primary port for commerce in Northern Cyprus, with more than half of ships that came to Northern Cyprus in 2013 coming to Famagusta. It is the second most popular seaport for passengers, after Kyrenia, with around 20,000 passengers using the port in 2013.
The mayor-in-exile of Famagusta is Simos Ioannou. Süleyman Uluçay heads the Turkish Cypriot municipal administration of Famagusta, which remains legal as a communal-based body under the constitutional system of the Republic of Cyprus.
Since 1974, Greek Cypriots submitted a number of proposals within the context of bicommunal discussions for the return of Varosha to UN administration, allowing the return of its previous inhabitants, requesting also the opening of Famagusta harbour for use by both communities. Varosha would have been returned to Greek Cypriot control as part of the 2004 Annan Plan but the plan had been rejected by a majority(3/4) of Greek Cypriot voters.
The walled city of Famagusta contains many unique buildings. Famagusta has a walled city popular with tourists.
Every year, the International Famagusta Art and Culture Festival is organized in Famagusta. Concerts, dance shows and theater plays take place during the festival.
A growth in tourism and the city's university have fueled the development of Famagusta's vibrant nightlife. Nightlife in the city is especially active on Wednesday, Friday and Saturday nights and in the hotter months of the year, starting from April. Larger hotels in the city have casinos that cater to their customers. Salamis Road is an area of Famagusta with a heavy concentration of bars frequented by students and locals.
Famagusta's Othello Castle is the setting for Shakespeare's play Othello. The city was also the setting for Victoria Hislop's 2015 novel The Sunrise, and Michael Paraskos's 2016 novel In Search of Sixpence. The city is the birthplace of the eponymous hero of the Renaissance proto-novel Fortunatus.
Famagusta was home to many Greek Cypriot sport teams that left the city because of the Turkish invasion and still bear their original names. Most notable football clubs originally from the city are Anorthosis Famagusta FC and Nea Salamis Famagusta FC, both of the Cypriot First Division, which are now based in Larnaca. Usually Anorthosis Famagusta fans are politically right wing where Nea Salamis fans are left wing.
Famagusta is represented by Mağusa Türk Gücü in the Turkish Cypriot First Division. Dr. Fazıl Küçük Stadium is the largest football stadium in Famagusta. Many Turkish Cypriot sport teams that left Southern Cyprus because of the Cypriot intercommunal violence are based in Famagusta.
Famagusta is represented by DAÜ Sports Club and Magem Sports Club in North Cyprus First Volleyball Division. Gazimağusa Türk Maarif Koleji represents Famagusta in the North Cyprus High School Volleyball League.
Famagusta has a modern volleyball stadium called the Mağusa Arena.
The Eastern Mediterranean University was founded in the city in 1979. The Istanbul Technical University founded a campus in the city in 2010.
The Cyprus College of Art was founded in Famagusta by the Cypriot artist Stass Paraskos in 1969, before moving to Paphos in 1972 after protests from local hoteliers that the presence of art students in the city was putting off holidaymakers.
Famagusta has three general hospitals. Gazimağusa Devlet Hastahanesi, a state hospital, is the biggest hospital in city. Gazimağusa Tıp Merkezi and Gazimağusa Yaşam Hastahanesi are private hospitals.
Personalities
Saint Barnabas, born and died in Salamis, Famagusta
Chris Achilleos, illustrator of the book versions on the BBC children's series Doctor Who
Beran Bertuğ, former Governor of Famagusta, first Cypriot woman to hold this position
Marios Constantinou, former international Cypriot football midfielder and current manager.
Eleftheria Eleftheriou, Cypriot singer.
Derviş Eroğlu, former President of Northern Cyprus
Alexis Galanos, 7th President of the House of Representatives and Famagusta mayor-in-exile (2006-2019) (Republic of Cyprus)
Xanthos Hadjisoteriou, Cypriot painter
Oz Karahan, political activist, President of the Union of Cypriots
Oktay Kayalp, former Turkish Cypriot Famagusta mayor (Northern Cyprus)
Harry Luke British diplomat
Angelos Misos, former international footballer
Costas Montis was an influential and prolific Greek Cypriot poet, novelist, and playwright born in Famagusta.
Hal Ozsan, actor (Dawson's Creek, Kyle XY)
Dimitris Papadakis, a Greek Cypriot politician, who served as a Member of the European Parliament.
Ṣubḥ-i-Azal, Persian religious leader, lived and died in exile in Famagusta
Touker Suleyman (born Türker Süleyman), British Turkish Cypriot fashion retail entrepreneur, investor and reality television personality.
Alexia Vassiliou, singer, left here as a refugee when the town was invaded.
George Vasiliou, former President of Cyprus
Vamik Volkan, Emeritus Professor of Psychiatry
Derviş Zaim, film director
Famagusta is twinned with:
İzmir, Turkey (since 1974)
Corfu, Greece (since 1994)
Patras, Greece (since 1994)
Antalya, Turkey (since 1997)
Salamina (city), Greece (since 1998)
Struga, North Macedonia
Athens, Greece (since 2005)
Mersin, Turkey
Northern Cyprus, officially the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), is a de facto state that comprises the northeastern portion of the island of Cyprus. It is recognised only by Turkey, and its territory is considered by all other states to be part of the Republic of Cyprus.
Northern Cyprus extends from the tip of the Karpass Peninsula in the northeast to Morphou Bay, Cape Kormakitis and its westernmost point, the Kokkina exclave in the west. Its southernmost point is the village of Louroujina. A buffer zone under the control of the United Nations stretches between Northern Cyprus and the rest of the island and divides Nicosia, the island's largest city and capital of both sides.
A coup d'état in 1974, performed as part of an attempt to annex the island to Greece, prompted the Turkish invasion of Cyprus. This resulted in the eviction of much of the north's Greek Cypriot population, the flight of Turkish Cypriots from the south, and the partitioning of the island, leading to a unilateral declaration of independence by the north in 1983. Due to its lack of recognition, Northern Cyprus is heavily dependent on Turkey for economic, political and military support.
Attempts to reach a solution to the Cyprus dispute have been unsuccessful. The Turkish Army maintains a large force in Northern Cyprus with the support and approval of the TRNC government, while the Republic of Cyprus, the European Union as a whole, and the international community regard it as an occupation force. This military presence has been denounced in several United Nations Security Council resolutions.
Northern Cyprus is a semi-presidential, democratic republic with a cultural heritage incorporating various influences and an economy that is dominated by the services sector. The economy has seen growth through the 2000s and 2010s, with the GNP per capita more than tripling in the 2000s, but is held back by an international embargo due to the official closure of the ports in Northern Cyprus by the Republic of Cyprus. The official language is Turkish, with a distinct local dialect being spoken. The vast majority of the population consists of Sunni Muslims, while religious attitudes are mostly moderate and secular. Northern Cyprus is an observer state of ECO and OIC under the name "Turkish Cypriot State", PACE under the name "Turkish Cypriot Community", and Organization of Turkic States with its own name.
Several distinct periods of Cypriot intercommunal violence involving the two main ethnic communities, Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots, marked mid-20th century Cyprus. These included the Cyprus Emergency of 1955–59 during British rule, the post-independence Cyprus crisis of 1963–64, and the Cyprus crisis of 1967. Hostilities culminated in the 1974 de facto division of the island along the Green Line following the Turkish invasion of Cyprus. The region has been relatively peaceful since then, but the Cyprus dispute has continued, with various attempts to solve it diplomatically having been generally unsuccessful.
Cyprus, an island lying in the eastern Mediterranean, hosted a population of Greeks and Turks (four-fifths and one-fifth, respectively), who lived under British rule in the late nineteenth-century and the first half of the twentieth-century. Christian Orthodox Church of Cyprus played a prominent political role among the Greek Cypriot community, a privilege that it acquired during the Ottoman Empire with the employment of the millet system, which gave the archbishop an unofficial ethnarch status.
The repeated rejections by the British of Greek Cypriot demands for enosis, union with Greece, led to armed resistance, organised by the National Organization of Cypriot Struggle, or EOKA. EOKA, led by the Greek-Cypriot commander George Grivas, systematically targeted British colonial authorities. One of the effects of EOKA's campaign was to alter the Turkish position from demanding full reincorporation into Turkey to a demand for taksim (partition). EOKA's mission and activities caused a "Cretan syndrome" (see Turkish Resistance Organisation) within the Turkish Cypriot community, as its members feared that they would be forced to leave the island in such a case as had been the case with Cretan Turks. As such, they preferred the continuation of British colonial rule and then taksim, the division of the island. Due to the Turkish Cypriots' support for the British, EOKA's leader, Georgios Grivas, declared them to be enemies. The fact that the Turks were a minority was, according to Nihat Erim, to be addressed by the transfer of thousands of Turks from mainland Turkey so that Greek Cypriots would cease to be the majority. When Erim visited Cyprus as the Turkish representative, he was advised by Field Marshal Sir John Harding, the then Governor of Cyprus, that Turkey should send educated Turks to settle in Cyprus.
Turkey actively promoted the idea that on the island of Cyprus two distinctive communities existed, and sidestepped its former claim that "the people of Cyprus were all Turkish subjects". In doing so, Turkey's aim to have self-determination of two to-be equal communities in effect led to de jure partition of the island.[citation needed] This could be justified to the international community against the will of the majority Greek population of the island. Dr. Fazil Küçük in 1954 had already proposed Cyprus be divided in two at the 35° parallel.
Lindley Dan, from Notre Dame University, spotted the roots of intercommunal violence to different visions among the two communities of Cyprus (enosis for Greek Cypriots, taksim for Turkish Cypriots). Also, Lindlay wrote that "the merging of church, schools/education, and politics in divisive and nationalistic ways" had played a crucial role in creation of havoc in Cyprus' history. Attalides Michael also pointed to the opposing nationalisms as the cause of the Cyprus problem.
By the mid-1950's, the "Cyprus is Turkish" party, movement, and slogan gained force in both Cyprus and Turkey. In a 1954 editorial, Turkish Cypriot leader Dr. Fazil Kuchuk expressed the sentiment that the Turkish youth had grown up with the idea that "as soon as Great Britain leaves the island, it will be taken over by the Turks", and that "Turkey cannot tolerate otherwise". This perspective contributed to the willingness of Turkish Cypriots to align themselves with the British, who started recruiting Turkish Cypriots into the police force that patrolled Cyprus to fight EOKA, a Greek Cypriot nationalist organisation that sought to rid the island of British rule.
EOKA targeted colonial authorities, including police, but Georgios Grivas, the leader of EOKA, did not initially wish to open up a new front by fighting Turkish Cypriots and reassured them that EOKA would not harm their people. In 1956, some Turkish Cypriot policemen were killed by EOKA members and this provoked some intercommunal violence in the spring and summer, but these attacks on policemen were not motivated by the fact that they were Turkish Cypriots.
However, in January 1957, Grivas changed his policy as his forces in the mountains became increasingly pressured by the British Crown forces. In order to divert the attention of the Crown forces, EOKA members started to target Turkish Cypriot policemen intentionally in the towns, so that Turkish Cypriots would riot against the Greek Cypriots and the security forces would have to be diverted to the towns to restore order. The killing of a Turkish Cypriot policeman on 19 January, when a power station was bombed, and the injury of three others, provoked three days of intercommunal violence in Nicosia. The two communities targeted each other in reprisals, at least one Greek Cypriot was killed and the British Army was deployed in the streets. Greek Cypriot stores were burned and their neighbourhoods attacked. Following the events, the Greek Cypriot leadership spread the propaganda that the riots had merely been an act of Turkish Cypriot aggression. Such events created chaos and drove the communities apart both in Cyprus and in Turkey.
On 22 October 1957 Sir Hugh Mackintosh Foot replaced Sir John Harding as the British Governor of Cyprus. Foot suggested five to seven years of self-government before any final decision. His plan rejected both enosis and taksim. The Turkish Cypriot response to this plan was a series of anti-British demonstrations in Nicosia on 27 and 28 January 1958 rejecting the proposed plan because the plan did not include partition. The British then withdrew the plan.
In 1957, Black Gang, a Turkish Cypriot pro-taksim paramilitary organisation, was formed to patrol a Turkish Cypriot enclave, the Tahtakale district of Nicosia, against activities of EOKA. The organisation later attempted to grow into a national scale, but failed to gain public support.
By 1958, signs of dissatisfaction with the British increased on both sides, with a group of Turkish Cypriots forming Volkan (later renamed to the Turkish Resistance Organisation) paramilitary group to promote partition and the annexation of Cyprus to Turkey as dictated by the Menderes plan. Volkan initially consisted of roughly 100 members, with the stated aim of raising awareness in Turkey of the Cyprus issue and courting military training and support for Turkish Cypriot fighters from the Turkish government.
In June 1958, the British Prime Minister, Harold Macmillan, was expected to propose a plan to resolve the Cyprus issue. In light of the new development, the Turks rioted in Nicosia to promote the idea that Greek and Turkish Cypriots could not live together and therefore any plan that did not include partition would not be viable. This violence was soon followed by bombing, Greek Cypriot deaths and looting of Greek Cypriot-owned shops and houses. Greek and Turkish Cypriots started to flee mixed population villages where they were a minority in search of safety. This was effectively the beginning of the segregation of the two communities. On 7 June 1958, a bomb exploded at the entrance of the Turkish Embassy in Cyprus. Following the bombing, Turkish Cypriots looted Greek Cypriot properties. On 26 June 1984, the Turkish Cypriot leader, Rauf Denktaş, admitted on British channel ITV that the bomb was placed by the Turks themselves in order to create tension. On 9 January 1995, Rauf Denktaş repeated his claim to the famous Turkish newspaper Milliyet in Turkey.
The crisis reached a climax on 12 June 1958, when eight Greeks, out of an armed group of thirty five arrested by soldiers of the Royal Horse Guards on suspicion of preparing an attack on the Turkish quarter of Skylloura, were killed in a suspected attack by Turkish Cypriot locals, near the village of Geunyeli, having been ordered to walk back to their village of Kondemenos.
After the EOKA campaign had begun, the British government successfully began to turn the Cyprus issue from a British colonial problem into a Greek-Turkish issue. British diplomacy exerted backstage influence on the Adnan Menderes government, with the aim of making Turkey active in Cyprus. For the British, the attempt had a twofold objective. The EOKA campaign would be silenced as quickly as possible, and Turkish Cypriots would not side with Greek Cypriots against the British colonial claims over the island, which would thus remain under the British. The Turkish Cypriot leadership visited Menderes to discuss the Cyprus issue. When asked how the Turkish Cypriots should respond to the Greek Cypriot claim of enosis, Menderes replied: "You should go to the British foreign minister and request the status quo be prolonged, Cyprus to remain as a British colony". When the Turkish Cypriots visited the British Foreign Secretary and requested for Cyprus to remain a colony, he replied: "You should not be asking for colonialism at this day and age, you should be asking for Cyprus be returned to Turkey, its former owner".
As Turkish Cypriots began to look to Turkey for protection, Greek Cypriots soon understood that enosis was extremely unlikely. The Greek Cypriot leader, Archbishop Makarios III, now set independence for the island as his objective.
Britain resolved to solve the dispute by creating an independent Cyprus. In 1959, all involved parties signed the Zurich Agreements: Britain, Turkey, Greece, and the Greek and Turkish Cypriot leaders, Makarios and Dr. Fazil Kucuk, respectively. The new constitution drew heavily on the ethnic composition of the island. The President would be a Greek Cypriot, and the Vice-President a Turkish Cypriot with an equal veto. The contribution to the public service would be set at a ratio of 70:30, and the Supreme Court would consist of an equal number of judges from both communities as well as an independent judge who was not Greek, Turkish or British. The Zurich Agreements were supplemented by a number of treaties. The Treaty of Guarantee stated that secession or union with any state was forbidden, and that Greece, Turkey and Britain would be given guarantor status to intervene if that was violated. The Treaty of Alliance allowed for two small Greek and Turkish military contingents to be stationed on the island, and the Treaty of Establishment gave Britain sovereignty over two bases in Akrotiri and Dhekelia.
On 15 August 1960, the Colony of Cyprus became fully independent as the Republic of Cyprus. The new republic remained within the Commonwealth of Nations.
The new constitution brought dissatisfaction to Greek Cypriots, who felt it to be highly unjust for them for historical, demographic and contributional reasons. Although 80% of the island's population were Greek Cypriots and these indigenous people had lived on the island for thousands of years and paid 94% of taxes, the new constitution was giving the 17% of the population that was Turkish Cypriots, who paid 6% of taxes, around 30% of government jobs and 40% of national security jobs.
Within three years tensions between the two communities in administrative affairs began to show. In particular disputes over separate municipalities and taxation created a deadlock in government. A constitutional court ruled in 1963 Makarios had failed to uphold article 173 of the constitution which called for the establishment of separate municipalities for Turkish Cypriots. Makarios subsequently declared his intention to ignore the judgement, resulting in the West German judge resigning from his position. Makarios proposed thirteen amendments to the constitution, which would have had the effect of resolving most of the issues in the Greek Cypriot favour. Under the proposals, the President and Vice-President would lose their veto, the separate municipalities as sought after by the Turkish Cypriots would be abandoned, the need for separate majorities by both communities in passing legislation would be discarded and the civil service contribution would be set at actual population ratios (82:18) instead of the slightly higher figure for Turkish Cypriots.
The intention behind the amendments has long been called into question. The Akritas plan, written in the height of the constitutional dispute by the Greek Cypriot interior minister Polycarpos Georkadjis, called for the removal of undesirable elements of the constitution so as to allow power-sharing to work. The plan envisaged a swift retaliatory attack on Turkish Cypriot strongholds should Turkish Cypriots resort to violence to resist the measures, stating "In the event of a planned or staged Turkish attack, it is imperative to overcome it by force in the shortest possible time, because if we succeed in gaining command of the situation (in one or two days), no outside, intervention would be either justified or possible." Whether Makarios's proposals were part of the Akritas plan is unclear, however it remains that sentiment towards enosis had not completely disappeared with independence. Makarios described independence as "a step on the road to enosis".[31] Preparations for conflict were not entirely absent from Turkish Cypriots either, with right wing elements still believing taksim (partition) the best safeguard against enosis.
Greek Cypriots however believe the amendments were a necessity stemming from a perceived attempt by Turkish Cypriots to frustrate the working of government. Turkish Cypriots saw it as a means to reduce their status within the state from one of co-founder to that of minority, seeing it as a first step towards enosis. The security situation deteriorated rapidly.
Main articles: Bloody Christmas (1963) and Battle of Tillyria
An armed conflict was triggered after December 21, 1963, a period remembered by Turkish Cypriots as Bloody Christmas, when a Greek Cypriot policemen that had been called to help deal with a taxi driver refusing officers already on the scene access to check the identification documents of his customers, took out his gun upon arrival and shot and killed the taxi driver and his partner. Eric Solsten summarised the events as follows: "a Greek Cypriot police patrol, ostensibly checking identification documents, stopped a Turkish Cypriot couple on the edge of the Turkish quarter. A hostile crowd gathered, shots were fired, and two Turkish Cypriots were killed."
In the morning after the shooting, crowds gathered in protest in Northern Nicosia, likely encouraged by the TMT, without incident. On the evening of the 22nd, gunfire broke out, communication lines to the Turkish neighbourhoods were cut, and the Greek Cypriot police occupied the nearby airport. On the 23rd, a ceasefire was negotiated, but did not hold. Fighting, including automatic weapons fire, between Greek and Turkish Cypriots and militias increased in Nicosia and Larnaca. A force of Greek Cypriot irregulars led by Nikos Sampson entered the Nicosia suburb of Omorphita and engaged in heavy firing on armed, as well as by some accounts unarmed, Turkish Cypriots. The Omorphita clash has been described by Turkish Cypriots as a massacre, while this view has generally not been acknowledged by Greek Cypriots.
Further ceasefires were arranged between the two sides, but also failed. By Christmas Eve, the 24th, Britain, Greece, and Turkey had joined talks, with all sides calling for a truce. On Christmas day, Turkish fighter jets overflew Nicosia in a show of support. Finally it was agreed to allow a force of 2,700 British soldiers to help enforce a ceasefire. In the next days, a "buffer zone" was created in Nicosia, and a British officer marked a line on a map with green ink, separating the two sides of the city, which was the beginning of the "Green Line". Fighting continued across the island for the next several weeks.
In total 364 Turkish Cypriots and 174 Greek Cypriots were killed during the violence. 25,000 Turkish Cypriots from 103-109 villages fled and were displaced into enclaves and thousands of Turkish Cypriot houses were ransacked or completely destroyed.
Contemporary newspapers also reported on the forceful exodus of the Turkish Cypriots from their homes. According to The Times in 1964, threats, shootings and attempts of arson were committed against the Turkish Cypriots to force them out of their homes. The Daily Express wrote that "25,000 Turks have already been forced to leave their homes". The Guardian reported a massacre of Turks at Limassol on 16 February 1964.
Turkey had by now readied its fleet and its fighter jets appeared over Nicosia. Turkey was dissuaded from direct involvement by the creation of a United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) in 1964. Despite the negotiated ceasefire in Nicosia, attacks on the Turkish Cypriot persisted, particularly in Limassol. Concerned about the possibility of a Turkish invasion, Makarios undertook the creation of a Greek Cypriot conscript-based army called the "National Guard". A general from Greece took charge of the army, whilst a further 20,000 well-equipped officers and men were smuggled from Greece into Cyprus. Turkey threatened to intervene once more, but was prevented by a strongly worded letter from the American President Lyndon B. Johnson, anxious to avoid a conflict between NATO allies Greece and Turkey at the height of the Cold War.
Turkish Cypriots had by now established an important bridgehead at Kokkina, provided with arms, volunteers and materials from Turkey and abroad. Seeing this incursion of foreign weapons and troops as a major threat, the Cypriot government invited George Grivas to return from Greece as commander of the Greek troops on the island and launch a major attack on the bridgehead. Turkey retaliated by dispatching its fighter jets to bomb Greek positions, causing Makarios to threaten an attack on every Turkish Cypriot village on the island if the bombings did not cease. The conflict had now drawn in Greece and Turkey, with both countries amassing troops on their Thracian borders. Efforts at mediation by Dean Acheson, a former U.S. Secretary of State, and UN-appointed mediator Galo Plaza had failed, all the while the division of the two communities becoming more apparent. Greek Cypriot forces were estimated at some 30,000, including the National Guard and the large contingent from Greece. Defending the Turkish Cypriot enclaves was a force of approximately 5,000 irregulars, led by a Turkish colonel, but lacking the equipment and organisation of the Greek forces.
The Secretary-General of the United Nations in 1964, U Thant, reported the damage during the conflicts:
UNFICYP carried out a detailed survey of all damage to properties throughout the island during the disturbances; it shows that in 109 villages, most of them Turkish-Cypriot or mixed villages, 527 houses have been destroyed while 2,000 others have suffered damage from looting.
The situation worsened in 1967, when a military junta overthrew the democratically elected government of Greece, and began applying pressure on Makarios to achieve enosis. Makarios, not wishing to become part of a military dictatorship or trigger a Turkish invasion, began to distance himself from the goal of enosis. This caused tensions with the junta in Greece as well as George Grivas in Cyprus. Grivas's control over the National Guard and Greek contingent was seen as a threat to Makarios's position, who now feared a possible coup.[citation needed] The National Guard and Cyprus Police began patrolling the Turkish Cypriot enclaves of Ayios Theodoros and Kophinou, and on November 15 engaged in heavy fighting with the Turkish Cypriots.
By the time of his withdrawal 26 Turkish Cypriots had been killed. Turkey replied with an ultimatum demanding that Grivas be removed from the island, that the troops smuggled from Greece in excess of the limits of the Treaty of Alliance be removed, and that the economic blockades on the Turkish Cypriot enclaves be lifted. Grivas was recalled by the Athens Junta and the 12,000 Greek troops were withdrawn. Makarios now attempted to consolidate his position by reducing the number of National Guard troops, and by creating a paramilitary force loyal to Cypriot independence. In 1968, acknowledging that enosis was now all but impossible, Makarios stated, "A solution by necessity must be sought within the limits of what is feasible which does not always coincide with the limits of what is desirable."
After 1967 tensions between the Greek and Turkish Cypriots subsided. Instead, the main source of tension on the island came from factions within the Greek Cypriot community. Although Makarios had effectively abandoned enosis in favour of an 'attainable solution', many others continued to believe that the only legitimate political aspiration for Greek Cypriots was union with Greece.
On his arrival, Grivas began by establishing a nationalist paramilitary group known as the National Organization of Cypriot Fighters (Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston B or EOKA-B), drawing comparisons with the EOKA struggle for enosis under the British colonial administration of the 1950s.
The military junta in Athens saw Makarios as an obstacle. Makarios's failure to disband the National Guard, whose officer class was dominated by mainland Greeks, had meant the junta had practical control over the Cypriot military establishment, leaving Makarios isolated and a vulnerable target.
During the first Turkish invasion, Turkish troops invaded Cyprus territory on 20 July 1974, invoking its rights under the Treaty of Guarantee. This expansion of Turkish-occupied zone violated International Law as well as the Charter of the United Nations. Turkish troops managed to capture 3% of the island which was accompanied by the burning of the Turkish Cypriot quarter, as well as the raping and killing of women and children. A temporary cease-fire followed which was mitigated by the UN Security Council. Subsequently, the Greek military Junta collapsed on July 23, 1974, and peace talks commenced in which a democratic government was installed. The Resolution 353 was broken after Turkey attacked a second time and managed to get a hold of 37% of Cyprus territory. The Island of Cyprus was appointed a Buffer Zone by the United Nations, which divided the island into two zones through the 'Green Line' and put an end to the Turkish invasion. Although Turkey announced that the occupied areas of Cyprus to be called the Federated Turkish State in 1975, it is not legitimised on a worldwide political scale. The United Nations called for the international recognition of independence for the Republic of Cyprus in the Security Council Resolution 367.
In the years after the Turkish invasion of northern Cyprus one can observe a history of failed talks between the two parties. The 1983 declaration of the independent Turkish Republic of Cyprus resulted in a rise of inter-communal tensions and made it increasingly hard to find mutual understanding. With Cyprus' interest of a possible EU membership and a new UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan in 1997 new hopes arose for a fresh start. International involvement from sides of the US and UK, wanting a solution to the Cyprus dispute prior to the EU accession led to political pressures for new talks. The believe that an accession without a solution would threaten Greek-Turkish relations and acknowledge the partition of the island would direct the coming negotiations.
Over the course of two years a concrete plan, the Annan plan was formulated. In 2004 the fifth version agreed upon from both sides and with the endorsement of Turkey, US, UK and EU then was presented to the public and was given a referendum in both Cypriot communities to assure the legitimisation of the resolution. The Turkish Cypriots voted with 65% for the plan, however the Greek Cypriots voted with a 76% majority against. The Annan plan contained multiple important topics. Firstly it established a confederation of two separate states called the United Cyprus Republic. Both communities would have autonomous states combined under one unified government. The members of parliament would be chosen according to the percentage in population numbers to ensure a just involvement from both communities. The paper proposed a demilitarisation of the island over the next years. Furthermore it agreed upon a number of 45000 Turkish settlers that could remain on the island. These settlers became a very important issue concerning peace talks. Originally the Turkish government encouraged Turks to settle in Cyprus providing transfer and property, to establish a counterpart to the Greek Cypriot population due to their 1 to 5 minority. With the economic situation many Turkish-Cypriot decided to leave the island, however their departure is made up by incoming Turkish settlers leaving the population ratio between Turkish Cypriots and Greek Cypriots stable. However all these points where criticised and as seen in the vote rejected mainly by the Greek Cypriots. These name the dissolution of the „Republic of Cyprus", economic consequences of a reunion and the remaining Turkish settlers as reason. Many claim that the plan was indeed drawing more from Turkish-Cypriot demands then Greek-Cypriot interests. Taking in consideration that the US wanted to keep Turkey as a strategic partner in future Middle Eastern conflicts.
A week after the failed referendum the Republic of Cyprus joined the EU. In multiple instances the EU tried to promote trade with Northern Cyprus but without internationally recognised ports this spiked a grand debate. Both side endure their intention of negotiations, however without the prospect of any new compromises or agreements the UN is unwilling to start the process again. Since 2004 negotiations took place in numbers but without any results, both sides are strongly holding on to their position without an agreeable solution in sight that would suit both parties.
this is how it came out :D....i kinda of like it......it looks bad when viewed large :(....thought i should upload it.
Krishna mandal lai lai aabhri ahey :)
Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year
Afrikaans Geseënde Kersfees en 'n voorspoedige Nuwe jaar
Geseënde Kersfees en 'n gelukkige nuwe jaar
Akeanon Maayad-ayad nga Paskwa
Mahigugmaon nga Bag-ong Dag-on kinyo tanan!
Albanian Gëzuar Krishtlindjet e Vitin e Ri
Aleut Kamgan Ukudigaa
Alsatian E güeti Wïnâchte un e gleckichs Nej Johr
Amharic መልካም ገና (Melkam Gena) - Merry Christmas
- celebrated on 7th January
መልካም አዲስ አመት (Melkam Addis Amet) - Happy New Year
- celebrated on 11th September
Apache (Western) Gozhqq Keshmish
Arabic (Modern Standard) أجمل التهاني بمناسبة الميلاد و حلول السنة الجديدة
(ajmil at-tihānī bimunāsabah al-mīlād wa ḥilūl as-sanah al-jadīdah)
Armenian (Eastern) Շնորհավոր Ամանոր և Սուրբ Ծնունդ
(Shnorhavor Amanor yev Surb Tznund)
Armenian (Western) Շնորհաւոր Նոր Տարի եւ Սուրբ Ծնունդ:
(Shnorhavor Nor Daree yev Soorp Dzuhnoont)
Բարի կաղանդ և ամանոր (Paree gaghant yev amanor)
Aromanian Cărciun hărios şi ti mulţă-anji Anlu Nàù!
Asturian Bones Navidaes y Gayoleru añu nuevu!
Aymara Sooma Nawira-ra
Azerbaijani Yeni Iliniz Mübarək / Təzə iliniz yaxşı olsun (Happy New Year)
Basque Zorionak eta urte berri on
Belarusian З Божым нараджэннем (Z Bozym naradzenniem)
Шчаслівых Калядау (Szczaslivych Kaliadau)
З Новым годам i Калядамi (Z Novym godam i Kaliadami)
Bengali শুভ বড়দিন (shubho bôṛodin)
শুভ নববর্ষ (shubho nôbobôrsho)
Bhojpuri शुभ क्रिसमस और शुभ नव वर्ष (subh krismas auur subh nav varsh)
Bikol Maogmang Pasko
Mamura-way na Ba-gong Taon sa indo gabos!
Blackfoot ᖱᒣᖳᒐᒉᑊᖿᒪᔪᖱᖽᐧᒡᒧᐧᖾᒍ
(i'taamomahkatoyiiksistsikomi)
Bosnian Sretan Bozic i sretna nova godina
Breton Nedeleg laouen ha bloavezh mat
Bulgarian Честита Коледа (Čestita Koleda)
Весела Коледа (Vesela Koleda)
Щастлива Нова Година (Štastliva Nova Godina)
Честита нова година (Čestita nova godina)
Catalan Bon Nadal i feliç any nou
Cebuano Maayong Pasko
Mabungahong Bag-ong Tuig kaninyong tanan!
Chamorro Felis Nåbidåt yan Magof na Åñu Nuebu!
Felis Påsgua yan Magof na Åñu Nuebu!
Cherokee ᏓᏂᏍᏔᏲᎯᎲ & ᎠᎵᎮᎵᏍᏗ ᎢᏤ ᎤᏕᏘᏴᎠᏌᏗᏒ
(Danistayohihv & Aliheli'sdi Itse Udetiyvasadisv)
Cheyenne Hoesenestotse & Aa'eEmona'e
Chinese
(Cantonese) 聖誕節同新年快樂 (singdaanjit tùhng sànnìhn faailohk)
恭喜發財 (gùng héi faat chōi) - used at Chinese New Year
Chinese
(Hakka) 聖誕節快樂 (siin5tan5ziet7 kuai5lok8)
新年快樂 (sin1ngien2 kuai5lok8)
恭喜發財 (giung1 hi3 fat7 coi2)
- used at Chinese New Year
Chinese
(Mandarin) 聖誕快樂 新年快樂 [圣诞快乐 新年快乐]
(shèngdàn kuàilè xīnnián kuàilè)
恭喜發財 [恭喜发财] (gōngxǐ fācái) - used at Chinese New Year
Chinese
(Shanghainese) 圣诞节快乐 (sêntê khuâloq)
新年快乐 (xingni khuâloq) 恭喜发财 (gong xi fa ze)
Chinese
(Taiwanese) 聖誕節快樂 (sing3-tan3-tseh khoai3-lok8)
新年快樂 (sin-ni5 khoai3-lok8)
恭喜發財 (kiong-hi2 huat-tsai5)
Chinese
(Teochew) 圣诞快乐 (siandang kuailak)
新年快乐 (singnin kuailak)
Choctaw Yukpa, Nitak Hollo Chito
Comanche Tsaa Nu̶u̶sukatu̶̲ Waa Himaru̶
Cornish Nadelik Lowen ha Blydhen Nowydh Da
Nadelik Looan ha Looan Blethen Noweth
Nadelack looan ha looan blethan noueth
Corsican Bon Natale e pace e salute
Cree ᒥᑐ ᒪᑯᓯ ᑫᓯᑲᓐᓯ
(Mitho Makosi Kesikansi)
Creek Afvcke Nettvcakorakko
Croatian Sretan Božić!
Sretna Nova godina!
Czech Veselé vánoce a šťastný nový rok
Danish Glædelig jul og godt nytår
Dutch Prettige kerstdagen en een Gelukkig Nieuwjaar!
Zalig kerstfeest en Gelukkig Nieuwjaar
East Inuktitut ᖁᕕᐊᓱᒡᕕᒻᒥ ᖁᕕᐊᓱᒋᑦ/ ᖁᕕᐊᓱᕝᕕᓯᐅᑦᓯᐊᕆᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᕿᑎᙳᒪᕆᒃ
Quviasummi Quviasugitsi/Quviasuvvisiutsiarit ammalu Qitinngumarik!
Esperanto Ĝojan Kristnaskon kaj feliĉan novan jaron
Bonan Kristnaskon kaj feliĉan novan jaron
Estonian Rõõmsaid Jõule ja Head Uut Aastat
Häid Jõule ja Head Uut Aastat
Faroese Gleðilig Jól og eydnuríkt nýggjár
Gleðilig Jól og gott nýggjár (frm)
Gleiðilig jól og eitt av harranum signað nýggjár
Fijian Me Nomuni na marau ni siga ni sucu kei na tawase ni yabaki vou
Filipino Maligayang pasko at manigong bagong taon!
Finnish Hyvää joulua ja onnellista uutta vuotta
Flemish Zalig Kerstfeest en Gelukkig Nieuwjaar
Frisian Noflike Krystdagen en folle lok en seine
French Joyeux Noël et bonne année
Friulian Bon Nadâl e Biel An Gnûv!
Galician Bo Nadal e próspero aninovo
Georgian გილოცავთ შობა-ახალ წელს (gilocavth shoba-akhal c’els) - frm
გილოცავ შობა-ახალ წელს (gilocav shoba-akhal c’els) - inf
German Frohe/Fröhliche Weihnachten
und ein gutes neues Jahr / ein gutes Neues / und ein gesundes neues Jahr / und einen guten Rutsch ins neue Jahr
Frohes Fest und guten Rutsch [ins neue Jahr]
German (Bavarian) Froue Weihnåcht'n, und a guad's nei's Joah
German (Hessian) Frohe Weihnachte unn ein gudes neus Jahr
German (Swiss) Schöni Fäschttäg / Schöni Wienachte
und e guets neus Jahr / en guete Rutsch is neue Johr
Schöni Wiehnachte und es guets Neus
Schöni Wiänachtä, äs guets Nöis
German (Pennsylvania) En frehlicher Grischtdaag un en hallich Nei Yaahr
Greek Καλά Χριστούγεννα! (Kalá hristúyenna)
Ευτυχισμένο το Νέο Έτος! (Eftyhisméno to Néo Étos!)
Καλή χρονιά! (Kalí hroñá)
Greenlandic Juullimi Ukiortaassamilu Pilluarit (sg)
Juullimi Ukiortaassamilu Pilluaritsi (pl)
Guinea-Bissau Creole Bom Natal ku boas entradas, pa ano entrano diritu
Gujarati
સાલ મુબારક (sāl mūbārak)
Haitian Creole Jwaye Nowèl e Bònn Ane
Hausa Barka da Kirsimatikuma barka da sabuwar shekara
Hawaiian Mele Kalikimaka me ka Hauʻoli Makahiki Hou
Hebrew חג מולד שמח ושנה טובה
Chag Molad Sameach v'Shanah Tovah
Hiligaynon Malipayon nga Paskwa
Mahamungayaon nga Bag-ong Tuig sa inyong tanan
Hindi शुभ क्रिसमस (śubh krisamas)
नये साल की हार्दिक शुभकामनायें (naye sāl kī hārdik śubhkāmnayeṅ)
Hungarian Kellemes karácsonyt és boldog új évet
Icelandic Gleðileg jól og farsælt komandi ár
Gleðileg jól og farsælt nýtt ár
Ido Joyoza Kristonasko e Felica Nova Yaro
Ilokano Naragsak a Paskua
Narang-ay a Baro a Tawen kadakayo amin!
Indonesian Selamat hari natal dan tahun baru
Inonhan Malipayon nga Paskwa
kag Masadya nga Bag-ong Tuig sa inyo tanan.
Inuktitut ᑯᕕᐊᓇᒃ ᐃᓄᕕᐊ (Kuvianak Inovia) - Merry Christmas
Iñupiaq Quvianagli Anaiyyuniqpaliqsi suli Nakuuluni Ukiutqiutiqsi
Inupiatun Annaurri Aniruq-lu Paglaun Ukiutchiaq!
Quvianaq Agaayuniqpak-lu Paglaun Ukiutchiaq!
Nayaangmik Piqagiñ-lu Paglaun Ukiutchiaq!
Irish (Gaelic) Nollaig shona duit/daoibh (Happy Christmas to you)
Beannachtaí na Nollag (Christmas Greetings)
Beannachtaí an tSéasúir (Season's Greetings)
Athbhliain faoi mhaise duit/daoibh (Prosperous New Year)
Bliain úr faoi shéan is faoi mhaise duit/daoibh (Happy New Year to you)
Italian Buon Natale e felice anno nuovo
Japanese メリークリスマス (merī kurisumasu)
New Year greeting - 'Western' style
新年おめでとうございます (shinnen omedetō gozaimasu)
New Year greetings - Japanese style
明けましておめでとうございます (akemashite omedetō gozaimasu)
旧年中大変お世話になりました (kyūnenjū taihen osewa ni narimashita)
本年もよろしくお願いいたします (honnen mo yoroshiku onegai itashimasu)
Javanese Sugeng Riyạyạ Natal lan Warsạ Énggal (frm)
Sugeng Natal lan Sugeng Warso Enggal (inf)
Slamet Natal lan Taun Anyar (inf)
Jèrriais Bouan Noué / Jouaiyeux Noué et Bouonne année
Un Bouan Noué et lé Nouvel An!
Judeo-Spanish / Ladino Noel alegre i felis anyo muevo
Kannada ಕ್ರಿಸ್ ಮಸ್ ಹಬ್ಬದ ಶುಭಾಷಯಗಳು
(kris mas habbada shubhaashayagalu)
ಹೊಸ ವರ್ಷದ ಶುಭಾಶಯ
(hosa varṣada śubhāśaya)
Kapampangan Masayang Pasku
Masaplalang Bayung Banwa keko ngan!
Kazakh Жаңа жыл құтты болсын! (Jaña jıl quttı bolsın!) - inf
Жаңа жылыңыз құтты болсын! (Jaña jılıñız quttı bolsın!) - frm
(Happy New Year)
Kinyarwanda Noheri nziza n'umwaka mushya muhire!
Klingon QISmaS DatIvjaj 'ej DIS chu' DatIvjaj (sg)
QISmaS botIvjaj 'ej DIS chu' botIvjaj (pl)
Korean 즐거운 성탄절 보내시고 새해 복 많이 받으세요
(jeulgeoun seongtanjeol bonaesigo saehae bok manhi bateusaeyo)
Kurdish (Kurmanji) Kirîsmes u ser sala we pîroz be
Kurdish (Sorani) Kirîsmes u salî nwêtan lê pîroz bê
Kyrgyz Жаратканнын туысымен (Žaratkannyi tuysymen) - Christmas
Жаны Жынылыздар менен (Žany Žynylyzdar menen) - New Year
Lao Souksan van Christmas
Sabai dee pee mai
Latin Natale hilare et annum faustum
Latvian Priecīgus Ziemassvētkus un laimīgu Jauno gadu
Lithuanian Linksmų Kalėdų ir laimingų Naujųjų Metų
Luganda Mbagaliza Christmass Enungi Nomwaka Omugya Gubaberere Gwamirembe
Luxembourgish E schéine Chrëschtdag an e glécklecht neit Joer
Schéi Feierdeeg an e glécklecht neit Joer
Schéi Chrëschtdeeg an e gudde Rutsch an d'neit Joer
Macedonian Христос се роди! (Hristoc se rodi!) - Christ is born
Среќен Божик и среќна Нова година
(Sreken Božik i srekna Nova godina)
Malagasy Mirary noely sambatra
Arahabaina tratrin'ny taona vaovao
Malay Selamat Hari Natal (Christmas)
Selamat Tahun Baru (New Year)
Malayalam ക്രിസ്തുമസ്, പുതുവത്സര ആശംസകള് (kristumas puthuvalsara āshamsakal) - Christmas
ക്രിസ്തുമസ് ആശംസകല് (kariistumasu aashamsakal) - Christmas
നവവല്സര ആശംസകല് (nava-valsara aashamsakal) - New Year
Maltese Il-Milied Ħieni u s-Sena t-Tajba
Awguri għas-sena l-ġdida
Manx Nollick Ghennal as Blein Vie Noa
Māori Meri Kirihimete me ngā mihi o te tau hou ki a koutou katoa
Marathi शुभ नाताळ (Śubh Nātāḷ)
नवीन वर्षच्या हार्दिक शुभेच्छा (Navīn varṣacyā hārdik śubhecchā)
Mongolian Танд зул сарын баярын болон шинэ жилийн мэндийг хүргэе
(Tand zul sariin bayriin bolon shine jiliin mendiig hurgey)
Navajo Ya'at'eeh Keshmish
Nepali क्रस्मसको शुभकामना तथा नयाँ वर्षको शुभकामना
(krismas ko subhakamana tatha nayabarsha ko subhakamana)
Norwegian God jul og godt nytt år (Bokmål)
God jol og godt nyttår (Nynorsk)
Occitan Polit Nadal e bona annada
Ogoni Eenyie Mea Krist Ne Eenyie Aagbaa
Old English Glæd Geol and Gesælig Niw Gear
Pangasinan Maabig ya Pasko
Maaligwas ya Balon Taon ed sikayon amin!
Papiamentu Bon Pasku i Felis Anja Nobo
Persian (kerismas mobārak) كریسمس مبارک
(sale no mobārak) سال نو مبارک
Polish Wesołych świąt i szczęśliwego Nowego Roku
Portuguese Feliz Natal e próspero ano novo / Feliz Ano Novo
Boas Festas e Feliz Ano Novo / Um Santo e Feliz Natal
Punjabi ਮੈਰੀ ਕ੍ਰਿਸਮਸ। / میری کرِسمس (merī krismas - not used)
ਨਵਾਂ ਸਾਲ/ਵਰਾ ਮੁਬਾਰਕ। / نواں سال، ورہا مبارک (navā̃ sāl/varā mubārak)
Quechua Sumaj kausay kachun Navidad ch'sisipi
Mosoi Watapi sumaj kausaykachun
Quenya Alassëa Hristomerendë! Alassëa Vinyarië!
Rarotongan Kia orana e kia manuia rava i teia Kiritimeti e te Mataiti Ou
Romansh
(Sursilvan dialect) Legreivlas fiastas da Nadal ed in bien niev onn!
Romanian Crăciun fericit şi un An Nou Fericit
Russian С Рождеством Христовым (S Roždestvom Khristovym)
С наступающим Новым Годом (S nastupayuščim Novym Godom)
Samoan Ia manuia le Kerisimasi ma le Tausaga Fou
Sardinian Bonu nadale e prosperu annu nou
Scots A Blythe Yule an a Guid Hogmanay
Merry Christmas an a Guid Hogmanay
Scottish Gaelic Nollaig chridheil agus bliadhna mhath ùr
Serbian Христос се роди (Hristos se rodi) - Christ is born
Ваистину се роди (Vaistinu se rodi) - truly born (reply)
Срећна Нова Година (Srećna Nova Godina) - Happy New Year
Sesotho Keresemese e monate le mahlohonolo a selemo se setjha
Sicilian Bon Natali e filici annu novu
Boni festi e bon'annu novu
Sindarin Mereth Veren e-Doled Eruion! Garo Idhrinn Eden Veren!
Sinhala සුභ නත්තලක් (subha natthalak)
සුබ නව වසරක් වේවා (suba tava vasarak)
Slovak Veselé vianoce a Štastný nový rok
Slovenian Vesel božič in srečno novo leto
Somali Ciid wanaagsan iyo sanad cusub oo fiican
Spanish ¡Feliz Navidad y próspero año nuevo!
Swahili Krismasi Njema / Heri ya krismas
Heri ya mwaka mpya
Swedish God jul och gott nytt år
Tagalog Maligayang Pasko, Manigong bagong taon
Tamil கிறிஸ்துமஸ் மற்றும் இனிய புத்தாண்டு வாழ்த்துக்கள்
(Christmas matrum puthaandu vaazthukkal)
கிறிஸ்துமஸ் மற்றும் இனிய புத்தாண்டு வாழ்த்துக்கள்
(Christmas matrum puthaandu vaazthukkal)
Tahitian Ia orana no te noere
Ia orana i te matahiti api
Tatar
Yaña yıl belän
Telugu సంతోషకరమైన క్రిస్ఠ్మస్ !
(saṅthoashakaramaina kristmas)
మరియు నూతన సంవత్సర శుభాకాంక్షలు
(mariyu noothana saṅvathsara shubhaakaaṅkshalu)
Tetum Ksolok loron natal nian no Boas entradas!
Thai สุขสันต์วันคริสต์มาส และสวัสดีปีใหม่
(sùk săn wan-krít-mâat láe sà-wàt-dee bpee mài)
Tibetan ༄༅།།ལོ་གསར་ལ་བཀྲ་ཤིས་བདེ་ལེགས་ཞུ།
(Losar La Tashi Delek - Happy New Year)
Tigrinya ርሑስ በዓል ልደት (ይግበረልካ) (rHus beˋal ldet (ygberelka))
ርሑስ አውደ ዓመት (ይግበረልካ) (rHus əwed ˋamet (ygberelka))
Tongan Kilisimasi fiefia mo ha ta'u fo'ou monū'ia
Tsotsil Xmuyubajuk ti avo'one ti ta k'ine xchu'uk ti ta ach' jabile
Tswana Keresemose e e monate le ngwaga o o itumedisang
Turkish İyi Noeller ve Mutlu Yıllar
İyi seneler / Yeni yılınız kutlu olsun (Happy New Year)
Yeni yılınızı kutlar, sağlık ve başarılar dileriz
(We wish you a happy, healthy and successful new year)
Tuscarora Ujhenetya Kriswen tihsne? Nu Yah!!
Ukrainian Веселого Різдва і з Новим Роком
(Veseloho Rizdva i z Novym Rokom)
Urdu کرسمَس مبارک
'Merry Christmas' = (krismas mubarak)
نايا سال مبارک هو
'New Year's blessings to you' = (naya sal mubarik hu)
بڑدا دنمبارک هو
'Big day's blessings to you' = (burda din mubarik hu)
Uyghur يىڭى يىلىڭىزغا مۇبارەك بولسۇن
Merry Christmas - (rojistiwa bayrimingizge mubarek bolsun)
روجىستىۋا بايرىمىڭىزغا مۇبارەك بولسۇن
Happy New Year - (yingi yilingizge mubarek bolsun
Uzbek Yangi yilingiz bilan! (Happy New Year)
Vietnamese Chúc Giáng Sinh Vui Vẻ và Chúc Năm Mới Tốt Lành
Volapük Lemotöfazäli yofik e nulayeli läbik
Võro Hüvvä joulu ja õnnõlikku vahtsõt aastakka
Waray-Waray Maupay nga Pasko
Mainuswagon nga Bag-ong Tuig ha iyo ngatanan!
Welsh Nadolig llawen a blwyddyn newydd dda
West Inuktitun ᖁᕕᐊᓇᖅ ᕿᑦᓯᕐᕕᒃ/ ᖁᕕᐊᓱᒋᑦ ᖁᕕᐊᓱᒡᕕᖕᒥ ᐊᒻᒪ ᖁᕕᐊᓇᖅ ᐅᑭᐅᐊᖅ ᓄᑖᖅ ᑎᑭᖕᒥᕗᖅ! Quvianaq Qitchirvik/Quviahugitsi Quviahugvingmi amma Quvianaq Ukiuaq Nutaaq Tikingmivuq!
Xhosa Siniqwenelela Ikrisimesi Emnandi Nonyaka Omtsha Ozele Iintsikelelo
Yiddish אַ פֿרײליכע ניטל און אַ גוטער נײַער יאָר
(A freylikhe nitl un a guter nayer yor)
Yorùbá Ẹ ku Ayọ Keresimesi ati Ọdun Tuntun
Zulu Ngikufisela uKhisimusi oMuhle noNyaka oMusha oNempumelelo