I captured this photo while hiking at the Franz Josef glacier in New Zealand last January. We were lucky to do the Glacier Heli Hike tour that morning, as rainy weather had prevented helicopters from flying to the glacier on previous days. The rains had also washed out many of the steps carved in the ice; therefore, the tour guides spent considerable time "step cutting" through the narrow crevasses and towering walls of ice, to find the safest route available on the glacier. A real adventure!

Hello! I'm looking for a sponsor for Pro account. I promise to place any text and information of sponsor at the top of the text. Please, contact me.

 

Many people start preparing for the summer in advance. Usually, a lot of attention is paid to the human figure.😁

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Many people start doing sports, keep their body in good shape. Everything is done on the basis of ideas about beaches and picnics, where you can have a great time without being shy about your body. 😌

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But is there a sport in your life? Do you do it for a certain result or just to maintain your health? 🤔

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Leave your comments under the post with answers to questions or a story about what sports means in your life! I will read every comment with great pleasure :)

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#blackandwhite #eyebrow #eyelash #flashphotography #gesture #hair #lip #shoulder #sleeve #style #NikonD800 #safronoviv_photo

Beauty is a subjective concept. Everyone's idea of beauty may differ and not coincide. Each country has its own traditions, and also happens to be beautiful.

 

For example, in Europe, stretch marks are not very popular, and in Africa, there are separate tribes that specifically form them on their body.

 

For Asia, the standard of beauty is white skin, large eyes and European appearance. Specially bleach the skin with various creams.

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In Japan, you can compare girls with anime illustrations. Huge eyes, a sharp chin, and doll-like clothes. They also have a "zest" to make the gait awkward.

 

In China, everyone tries to imitate European girls. If possible, plastic surgery is performed from an early age. Growth augmentation is a common operation in China. Thanks to her, girls have more chances for a career.

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Russian girls are called the most beautiful. Big eyes, natural hair, full lips, harmonious facial features. Girls Spend more money on makeup than on plastic, when compared with other countries.

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What is the standard of beauty for you? 💬Share in the comments.

 

#Plaid #Lip #Finger #Tartan #Textile #Pattern #Wrist #Eyelash #Youth #Long_hair #Brown_hair #Gesture #Step_cutting #Hair_coloring #Model #Makeover #Thumb #Eye_liner #Red_hair #Photo_shoot #Layered_hair #Bracelet #Wings #Fashion_model #NikonD800

Schweiz / Wallis - Aletschhorn

 

seen from the path around the Eggishorn above the Aletsch Glacier.

 

gesehen vom Weg um das Eggishorn oberhalb des Aletschgletschers.

 

The Aletschhorn (4,194 m (13,760 ft)) is a mountain in the Alps in Switzerland, lying within the Jungfrau-Aletsch region, which has been designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. The mountain shares part of its name with the Aletsch Glacier lying at its foot.

 

The Aletschhorn, the second highest mountain of the Bernese Alps after the Finsteraarhorn, is the only one of the higher peaks that lies completely in Valais. It is the culminating point of a chain running parallel with the dividing ridge, and surpassing it in the height of its principal peaks. Standing thus between the principal range of the Bernese Alps and the Pennine chain, it shares with the Bietschhorn the advantage of occupying a central position in relation to the high peaks around it. The Aletschhorn is often thought to command the finest of all the panoramic views from Alpine summits.

 

Geography

 

On its northern flank lies the Aletschfirn, which is part of the Aletsch Glacier. On the southwest lies the Oberaletsch Glacier and, on the southeast, lies the Mittelaletsch Glacier. Both are in the catchment area of the Massa river, which originates in the Aletsch Glacier and ends up in the Rhone river. Its remote location in the middle of glaciers means that the Aletschhorn, despite its height, is less frequently visited and less well known than the summits of the Jungfrau and the Eiger, which lie about 10 km on the north.

 

Climbing history

 

The Aletschhorn was first climbed almost 50 years after the first ascent of the Jungfrau. When the Jungfrau was first climbed, the climbers used base camps on the Aletschfirn, at the foot of the Aletschhorn.

 

The Aletschhorn was climbed first in 1859 by Francis Fox Tuckett, J. J. Bennen, V. Tairraz and P. Bohren. The party passed the night in some holes in the rocks above the Mittel Aletsch Glacier (on the east side of the mountain), and on the following morning, on 18 June, started the ascent and reached the snow arête connecting the Dreieckhorn with the main peak. The passage along this arête at a so early period of the year, before the snow has become well consolidated, involved some risk and a slope of névé lying at an angle of 50°, required care and good step-cutting. But the summit could be reached without too much difficulty. Like many other climbers, Tuckett took with him a barometer and made scientific observations. He noted the icy temperature and the very strong wind, blowing the snow and threatening to knock over the climbers.

 

After they reached the summit, Tuckett separated from Bennen and descended via the north face with Bohren and Tairraz. He wanted to descend directly to the Lötschental, but soon after they began the descent, an avalanche started right under the feet of the climbers. They cautiously went back and descended on the Mittelaletsch.

 

Climbing routes

 

Northeast ridge

 

Difficulty: PD+

Starting point: Mittelaletschbiwak (3,013 m)

Valley: Fiesch (1,049 m)

 

Southwest ridge

 

Difficulty: AD, II

Starting point: Oberaletschhütte (2,640 m)

Valley: Blatten bei Naters (1,322 m)

 

(Wikipedia)

 

Das Aletschhorn ist ein 4194 m ü. M. (nach anderen Angaben auch 4195 m ü. M.) hoher, vergletscherter Berggipfel im Kanton Wallis, in der Region Jungfrau-Aletsch-Bietschhorn, die zum UNESCO-Weltnaturerbe gehört. Nach dem Finsteraarhorn ist es die zweithöchste Erhebung im Massiv der Berner Alpen. Während sich an seiner Nordflanke der Grosse Aletschfirn befindet, ist der Berg Ausgangspunkt des Oberaletschgletschers (nach Südwesten) und des Mittelaletschgletschers (nach Südosten), beide im Einzugsgebiet des Aletschgletschers.

 

Das Aletschhorn gilt als der kälteste Berg der Alpen.

 

Routen

 

Nordostgrat

Schwierigkeit: WS+

Zeitaufwand: 4–5 Stunden

Ausgangspunkt: Mittelaletschbiwak (3013 m)

Talort: Fiesch (1049 m)

 

Nordwestgrat

Schwierigkeit: ZS, mit III. UIAA-Grad Felskletterei

Zeitaufwand: 8 Stunden

Ausgangspunkt: Oberaletschhütten (2640 m)

Talort: Blatten bei Naters (1322 m)

 

Südostgrat

Schwierigkeit: ZS

Zeitaufwand: 7–8 Stunden

Ausgangspunkt: Oberaletschhütten (2640 m)

Talort: Blatten bei Naters (1322 m)

 

Südwestrippe

Schwierigkeit: ZS, mit II. UIAA-Grad Felskletterei

Zeitaufwand: 7–8 Stunden

Ausgangspunkt: Oberaletschhütten (2640 m)

Talort: Blatten bei Naters (1322 m)

 

Haslerrippe

Schwierigkeit: ZS+, mit II. UIAA-Grad Felskletterei

Zeitaufwand: 7–8 Stunden

Ausgangspunkt: Konkordiahütten (2850 m)

Talort: Grindelwald (1034 m)

 

Nordwand

Schwierigkeit: S

Zeitaufwand: 5–8 Stunden

Ausgangspunkt: Hollandiahütte (3240 m)

Talort: Grindelwald (1034 m)

 

(Wikipedia)

What will happen next?

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Ruble, 💵 dollar, 💶 Euro - a record value for 4 years.

In 2016, in February, a case was already recorded. When the dollar broke the 79-ruble mark. But almost immediately fell to 76.5.

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What's going on get creative with baby airlines today? Oil is falling, and the ruble is already over 79. There are rumors that the Central Bank of Russia will only intervene if the ruble to the dollar is at least 85-90.

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Let's not forget about the panic all over the world. Coronovirus . Many educational institutions and factories are closed. People's work has stopped. The borders were closed, except for беларуси Belarus. They say if you work, you won't get sick. Both laughter and sin. This whole situation also has a very strong impact on the world and national economy.

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The shelves are empty. Buy porridge, and especially toilet paper. Antiseptics are brought in and sold out in an hour. Some kind of Apocalypse.🙅♂app

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As for the ruble, it's time to run to the Bank and buy currency. They hope that the ruble will become less, but it is not worth it. All the risks are that the ruble will reach the level of 83 in a few days.

⠀

💬Share your thoughts about the course and coronovirus situations in the comments

 

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#Nose #Lip #Hairstyle #Chin #Eyebrow #Eyelash #Jewellery #Jaw #Beauty #People_in_nature #Iris #Sunlight #Eye_liner #Photography #Eye_shadow #Portrait_photography #Long_hair #Model #Makeover #Portrait #Close-up #Necklace #Meadow #Body_jewelry #Photo_shoot #Field #Cosmetics #Fashion_model #Step_cutting #Selfie #Layered_hair #Curtained_hair #Mascara #Nikon Z7

A study in light and shadow, this portrait captures the quiet beauty of a young woman.

Schweiz / Wallis - Aletschhorn

 

seen from the path around the Eggishorn above the Aletsch Glacier.

 

gesehen vom Weg um das Eggishorn oberhalb des Aletschgletschers.

 

The Aletschhorn (4,194 m (13,760 ft)) is a mountain in the Alps in Switzerland, lying within the Jungfrau-Aletsch region, which has been designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. The mountain shares part of its name with the Aletsch Glacier lying at its foot.

 

The Aletschhorn, the second highest mountain of the Bernese Alps after the Finsteraarhorn, is the only one of the higher peaks that lies completely in Valais. It is the culminating point of a chain running parallel with the dividing ridge, and surpassing it in the height of its principal peaks. Standing thus between the principal range of the Bernese Alps and the Pennine chain, it shares with the Bietschhorn the advantage of occupying a central position in relation to the high peaks around it. The Aletschhorn is often thought to command the finest of all the panoramic views from Alpine summits.

 

Geography

 

On its northern flank lies the Aletschfirn, which is part of the Aletsch Glacier. On the southwest lies the Oberaletsch Glacier and, on the southeast, lies the Mittelaletsch Glacier. Both are in the catchment area of the Massa river, which originates in the Aletsch Glacier and ends up in the Rhone river. Its remote location in the middle of glaciers means that the Aletschhorn, despite its height, is less frequently visited and less well known than the summits of the Jungfrau and the Eiger, which lie about 10 km on the north.

 

Climbing history

 

The Aletschhorn was first climbed almost 50 years after the first ascent of the Jungfrau. When the Jungfrau was first climbed, the climbers used base camps on the Aletschfirn, at the foot of the Aletschhorn.

 

The Aletschhorn was climbed first in 1859 by Francis Fox Tuckett, J. J. Bennen, V. Tairraz and P. Bohren. The party passed the night in some holes in the rocks above the Mittel Aletsch Glacier (on the east side of the mountain), and on the following morning, on 18 June, started the ascent and reached the snow arête connecting the Dreieckhorn with the main peak. The passage along this arête at a so early period of the year, before the snow has become well consolidated, involved some risk and a slope of névé lying at an angle of 50°, required care and good step-cutting. But the summit could be reached without too much difficulty. Like many other climbers, Tuckett took with him a barometer and made scientific observations. He noted the icy temperature and the very strong wind, blowing the snow and threatening to knock over the climbers.

 

After they reached the summit, Tuckett separated from Bennen and descended via the north face with Bohren and Tairraz. He wanted to descend directly to the Lötschental, but soon after they began the descent, an avalanche started right under the feet of the climbers. They cautiously went back and descended on the Mittelaletsch.

 

Climbing routes

 

Northeast ridge

 

Difficulty: PD+

Starting point: Mittelaletschbiwak (3,013 m)

Valley: Fiesch (1,049 m)

 

Southwest ridge

 

Difficulty: AD, II

Starting point: Oberaletschhütte (2,640 m)

Valley: Blatten bei Naters (1,322 m)

 

(Wikipedia)

 

Das Aletschhorn ist ein 4194 m ü. M. (nach anderen Angaben auch 4195 m ü. M.) hoher, vergletscherter Berggipfel im Kanton Wallis, in der Region Jungfrau-Aletsch-Bietschhorn, die zum UNESCO-Weltnaturerbe gehört. Nach dem Finsteraarhorn ist es die zweithöchste Erhebung im Massiv der Berner Alpen. Während sich an seiner Nordflanke der Grosse Aletschfirn befindet, ist der Berg Ausgangspunkt des Oberaletschgletschers (nach Südwesten) und des Mittelaletschgletschers (nach Südosten), beide im Einzugsgebiet des Aletschgletschers.

 

Das Aletschhorn gilt als der kälteste Berg der Alpen.

 

Routen

 

Nordostgrat

Schwierigkeit: WS+

Zeitaufwand: 4–5 Stunden

Ausgangspunkt: Mittelaletschbiwak (3013 m)

Talort: Fiesch (1049 m)

 

Nordwestgrat

Schwierigkeit: ZS, mit III. UIAA-Grad Felskletterei

Zeitaufwand: 8 Stunden

Ausgangspunkt: Oberaletschhütten (2640 m)

Talort: Blatten bei Naters (1322 m)

 

Südostgrat

Schwierigkeit: ZS

Zeitaufwand: 7–8 Stunden

Ausgangspunkt: Oberaletschhütten (2640 m)

Talort: Blatten bei Naters (1322 m)

 

Südwestrippe

Schwierigkeit: ZS, mit II. UIAA-Grad Felskletterei

Zeitaufwand: 7–8 Stunden

Ausgangspunkt: Oberaletschhütten (2640 m)

Talort: Blatten bei Naters (1322 m)

 

Haslerrippe

Schwierigkeit: ZS+, mit II. UIAA-Grad Felskletterei

Zeitaufwand: 7–8 Stunden

Ausgangspunkt: Konkordiahütten (2850 m)

Talort: Grindelwald (1034 m)

 

Nordwand

Schwierigkeit: S

Zeitaufwand: 5–8 Stunden

Ausgangspunkt: Hollandiahütte (3240 m)

Talort: Grindelwald (1034 m)

 

(Wikipedia)

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#Lip #Hairstyle #Chin #Darkness #Beauty #Long_hair #Flash_photography #Portrait #Portrait_photography #Feathered_hair #Step_cutting #Body_jewelry #Fashion_model #Cg_artwork #Photo_shoot #Red_hair #Layered_hair #Model #Self-portrait #Eye_liner #NikonD800

Photographer saved a wolf from a painful death

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The 26-year-old photographer, along with his friends, likes to go out into the wild to create interesting shots.

The man himself works as an accountant in Singapore. But he gives all his free time to photography.

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It was he who noticed the wolf . Who got his head in a plastic bottle. He almost starved to death. He looked exhausted.

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The wolf was so desperate that he went out to the people, in the hope of salvation.

The wolf photos were creepy. But they are ideal for environmental campaigns. Looking at the picture, you empathize with the half-dead wolf.

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The photographer called the forestry Department and waited for 2 hours. Watch the wolf.

As a result, they took him away, removed the plastic bottle, brought down the temperature of the car, as the head was overheated, washed, and only then released.

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Here's a lesson on how leaving food containers can harm animals.

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💬Write in the comments, what would you do if you saw a dying wolf that needed help?

 

#Face #Hair #Lip #Beauty #Skin #Nose #Cheek #Eyebrow #Chin #Hairstyle #Head #Eye #Brown_hair #Photo_shoot #Close-up #Model #Mouth #Hand #Finger #Long_hair #Gesture #Photography #Black_hair #Nail #Eyelash #Portrait_photography #Jaw #Step_cutting #NikonD800

THE STORY OF HOW A CLIENT FELL FOR THE BAIT OF A SCAM PHOTOGRAPHER

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In one of the social networks of my friend wrote💻 a certain girl. Acquainted. She had gained confidence. After much correspondence, this person said that she had a great photographer. Allegedly, she only goes to him. She gave me a number. Unfortunately, because of her friend's naivety, she called the number. And I agreed to go to a photo shoot.

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There was no name, no work, or any information about this "photographer". Just a number. Which turned out to be fake. So she agreed on a certain date and ⌚this time. Shooting in a photo Studio.

The only condition is to send an advance payment for the Studio. To book a watch. And the rest of the money for the work will give personally.

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What do you think? The girl transferred the money, arrived at the right time and place. There is no one ♂ ️. I'll tell you more. There is no booked order for the photo Studio either.

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As it turned out, they were 💸scammers.

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Have app before you take the services of a photographer, learn about the page, site, portfolio, reviews. Set aside time to meet and discuss the details of working together.

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When I'm told these stories, my heart breaks. I'm here!🙋 ♂ ️Waiting for you to sign up for direct! And you go on scams ход

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Everyone knows, for cool pictures to me)

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💬Share in the comments if you have fallen into the hands of scammers?

 

#Hair #Face #Lip #Hairstyle #Skin #Eyebrow #Beauty #Chin #Nose #Cheek #Forehead #Eyelash #Model #Brown_hair #Neck #Eye #Photo_shoot #Long_hair #Shoulder #Blond #Ear #Black_hair #Photography #Step_cutting #Jaw #Fashion_model #Gesture #Makeover #Fashion_accessory #NikonD800

Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in Scotland, the United Kingdom and the British Isles. The summit is 1,345 metres (4,413 ft) above sea level and is the highest land in any direction for 739 kilometres (459 miles). Ben Nevis stands at the western end of the Grampian Mountains in the Highland region of Lochaber, close to the town of Fort William.

 

The mountain is a popular destination, attracting an estimated 130,000 ascents a year, around three-quarters of which use the Mountain Track from Glen Nevis. The 700-metre (2,300 ft) cliffs of the north face are among the highest in Scotland, providing classic scrambles and rock climbs of all difficulties for climbers and mountaineers. They are also the principal locations in Scotland for ice climbing.

 

The summit, which is the collapsed dome of an ancient volcano, features the ruins of an observatory which was continuously staffed between 1883 and 1904. The meteorological data collected during this period is still important for understanding Scottish mountain weather. C. T. R. Wilson was inspired to invent the cloud chamber after a period spent working at the observatory.

 

Ben Nevis is the Anglicisation of the Scottish Gaelic name Beinn Nibheis. Whilst Beinn is the common Scottish Gaelic word for 'mountain' the origin of Nibheis is unclear.

 

Nibheis may preserve an earlier Pictish form, *Nebestis or *Nebesta, involving the Celtic root *neb, meaning 'clouds' (compare: Welsh nef )., thus 'Cloudy Mountain'.

 

Nibheis may also have an origin with the words nèamh meaning 'heaven' (which is related to the modern Scottish Gaelic word neamh meaning 'bright, shining') and bathais meaning 'the top of a man's head'. Thus, Beinn Nibheis could derive from beinn nèamh-bhathais, "the mountain with its head in the clouds", or 'mountain of heaven'.

 

The Scottish Gaelic word neimh can be translated as 'malice', 'poison' or 'venom' giving 'venomous mountain', possibly describing the storms that envelop the summit.

 

As is common for many Scottish mountains, it is known both to locals and visitors as simply the Ben.

 

Ben Nevis forms a massif with its neighbours to the northeast, Càrn Mòr Dearg, to which it is linked by the Càrn Mòr Dearg Arête, Aonach Beag and Aonach Mòr. All four are Munros and among the eleven mountains in Scotland over 4,000 feet (1,200 m) (of which nine are currently listed as Munros).

Western flank of the Nevis massif; from Sgùrr Dhòmhnuill

 

The western and southern flanks of Ben Nevis rise 1,200 metres (3,900 ft) in about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) above the River Nevis flowing down Glen Nevis – the longest and steepest hill slope in Britain – with the result that the mountain presents an aspect of massive bulk on this side. To the north, by contrast, cliffs drop some 600 metres (2,000 ft) to Coire Leis

 

A descent of 200 metres (600') from this corrie leads to the Charles Inglis Clark Memorial Hut (known as the CIC Hut), a private mountain hut 680 metres (2,230 ft) above sea level, owned by the Scottish Mountaineering Club and used as a base for the many climbing routes on the mountain's north face. The hut is just above the confluence of Allt a' Mhuilinn and Allt Coire na Ciste.

 

In addition to the main 1,345-metre (4,413 ft) summit, Ben Nevis has two subsidiary "tops" listed in Munro's Tables, both of which are called Càrn Dearg ("red hill"). The higher of these, at 1,221 metres (4,006 ft), is to the northwest, and is often mistaken for Ben Nevis itself in views from the Fort William area. The other Càrn Dearg (1,020 m (3,350 ft)) juts out into Glen Nevis on the mountain's southwestern side. A lower hill, Meall an t-Suidhe (711 metres (2,333 ft)), is further west, forming a saddle with Ben Nevis which contains a small loch, Lochan Meall an t-Suidhe. The popular tourist path from Glen Nevis skirts the side of this hill before ascending Ben Nevis's broad western flank.

 

Ben Nevis is all that remains of a Devonian volcano that met a cataclysmic end in the Carboniferous period around 350 million years ago. Evidence near the summit shows light-coloured granite (which had cooled in subterranean chambers several kilometres; miles beneath the surface) lies among dark basaltic lavas (that form only on the surface). The two lying side by side is evidence the huge volcano collapsed in on itself creating an explosion comparable to Thera (2nd millennium BC) or Krakatoa (1883). The mountain is now all that remains of the imploded inner dome of the volcano. Its form has been extensively shaped by glaciation.

 

Research has shown igneous rock from the Devonian period (around 400 million years ago) intrudes into the surrounding metamorphic schists; the intrusions take the form of a series of concentric ring dikes. The innermost of these, known as the Inner Granite, constitutes the southern bulk of the mountain above Lochan Meall an t-Suidhe, and also the neighbouring ridge of Càrn Mòr Dearg; Meall an t-Suidhe forms part of the Outer Granite, which is redder in colour. The summit dome itself, together with the steep northern cliffs, is composed of andesite and basaltic lavas.

 

Ben Nevis has a highland tundra climate (ET in the Köppen classification). Ben Nevis's elevation, maritime location and topography frequently lead to cool and cloudy weather conditions, which can pose a danger to ill-equipped walkers. According to the observations carried out at the summit observatory from 1883 to 1904, fog was present on the summit for almost 80% of the time between November and January, and 55% of the time in May and June. The average winter temperature was around −5 °C (23 °F), and the mean monthly temperature for the year was −0.5 °C (31.1 °F). In an average year the summit sees 261 gales, and receives 4,350 millimetres (171 in) of rainfall, compared to only 2,050 millimetres (81 in) in nearby Fort William, 840 millimetres (33 in) in Inverness and 580 millimetres (23 in) in London. Rainfall on Ben Nevis is about twice as high in the winter as it is in the spring and summer. Snow can be found on the mountain almost all year round, particularly in the gullies of the north face – with the higher reaches of Observatory Gully holding snow until September most years and sometimes until the new snows of the following season.

 

The first recorded ascent of Ben Nevis was made on 17 August 1771 by James Robertson, an Edinburgh botanist, who was in the region to collect botanical specimens. Another early ascent was in 1774 by John Williams, who provided the first account of the mountain's geological structure. John Keats climbed the mountain in 1818, comparing the ascent to "mounting ten St. Pauls without the convenience of a staircase". The following year William MacGillivray, who was later to become a distinguished naturalist, reached the summit only to find "fragments of earthen and glass ware, chicken bones, corks, and bits of paper". It was not until 1847 that Ben Nevis was confirmed by the Ordnance Survey as the highest mountain in Britain and Ireland, ahead of its rival Ben Macdui.

 

The summit observatory was built in the summer of 1883, and would remain in operation for 21 years. The first path to the summit was built at the same time as the observatory and was designed to allow ponies to carry up supplies, with a maximum gradient of one in five. The opening of the path and the observatory made the ascent of the mountain increasingly popular, all the more so after the arrival of the West Highland Railway in Fort William in 1894. Around this time the first of several proposals was made for a rack railway to the summit, none of which came to fruition.

 

In 1911, an enterprising Ford dealer named Henry Alexander ascended the mountain in a Model T as a publicity stunt. The ascent was captured on film and can be seen in the archives of the British Film Institute. A statue of Alexander and the car was unveiled in Fort William in 2018.

 

In 2000, the Ben Nevis Estate, comprising all of the south side of the mountain including the summit, was bought by the Scottish conservation charity the John Muir Trust.

 

In 2016, the height of Ben Nevis was officially remeasured to be 1344.527m by Ordnance Survey. The height of Ben Nevis will therefore be shown on new Ordnance Survey maps as 1,345 metres (4,411 ft) instead of the now obsolete value of 1,344 metres (4,409 ft).

 

The 1883 Pony Track to the summit (also known as the Ben Path, the Mountain Path or the Tourist Route) remains the simplest and most popular route of ascent. It begins at Achintee on the east side of Glen Nevis about 2 km (1.2 mi) from Fort William town centre, at around 20 metres (60') above sea level. Bridges from the Visitor Centre and the youth hostel now allow access from the west side of Glen Nevis. The path climbs steeply to the saddle by Lochan Meall an t-Suidhe (colloquially known as the 'Halfway Lochan') at 570 m, then ascends the remaining 700 metres (2000') up the stony west flank of Ben Nevis in a series of zig-zags. The path is regularly maintained but running water, uneven rocks and loose scree make it hazardous and slippery in places. Thanks to the zig-zags, the path is not unusually steep apart from in the initial stages, but inexperienced walkers should be aware that the descent is relatively arduous and wearing on the knees.

 

A route popular with experienced hillwalkers starts at Torlundy, a few miles north-east of Fort William on the A82 road, and follows the path alongside the Allt a' Mhuilinn. It can also be reached from Glen Nevis by following the Pony Track as far as Lochan Meall an t-Suidhe, then descending slightly to the CIC Hut. The route then ascends Càrn Mòr Dearg and continues along the Càrn Mòr Dearg Arête ("CMD Arête") before climbing steeply to the summit of Ben Nevis. This route involves a total of 1,500 metres (5000') of ascent and requires modest scrambling ability and a head for heights. In common with other approaches on this side of the mountain, it has the advantage of giving an extensive view of the cliffs of the north face, which are hidden from the Pony Track.

 

It is also possible to climb Ben Nevis from the Nevis Gorge car park at Steall at the head of the road up Glen Nevis, either by the south-east ridge or via the summit of Càrn Dearg (south-west). These routes require mild scrambling, are shorter and steeper than the Pony Track, and tend only to be used by experienced hill walkers.

 

The summit of Ben Nevis comprises a large stony plateau of about 40 hectares (100 acres). The highest point is marked with a large, solidly built cairn atop which sits an Ordnance Survey trig point. The summit is the highest ground in any direction for 459 miles (739 km) before the Scandinavian Mountains in western Norway are reached.

 

The ruined walls of the observatory are a prominent feature on the summit. An emergency shelter has been built on top of the observatory tower for the benefit of those caught out by bad weather. Although the base of the tower is slightly lower than the true summit of the mountain, the roof of the shelter overtops the trig point by several feet, making it the highest man-made structure in the UK. A war memorial to the dead of World War II is located next to the observatory.

 

On 17 May 2006, a piano that had been buried under one of the cairns on the peak was uncovered by the John Muir Trust, which owns much of the mountain. The piano is believed to have been carried up for charity by removal men from Dundee over 20 years earlier.

 

The view from the UK's highest point is extensive. Under ideal conditions, it can extend to over 190 kilometres (120 mi), including such mountains as the Torridon Hills, Morven in Caithness, Lochnagar, Ben Lomond, Barra Head and to Knocklayd in County Antrim, Northern Ireland.

 

A meteorological observatory on the summit was first proposed by the Scottish Meteorological Society (SMS) in the late-1870s, at a time when similar observatories were being built around the world to study the weather at high altitude. In the summer of 1881, Clement Lindley Wragge climbed the mountain daily to make observations (earning him the nickname "Inclement Rag"), leading to the opening on 17 October 1883 of a permanent observatory run by the SMS. The building was staffed full-time until 1904, when it was closed due to inadequate funding. The twenty years worth of readings still provide the most comprehensive set of data on mountain weather in Great Britain.

 

In September 1894, C. T. R. Wilson was employed at the observatory for a couple of weeks as temporary relief for one of the permanent staff. During this period, he witnessed a Brocken spectre and glory, caused by the sun casting a shadow on a cloud below the observer. He subsequently tried to reproduce these phenomena in the laboratory, resulting in his invention of the cloud chamber, used to detect ionising radiation.

 

Ben Nevis's popularity, climate and complex topography contribute to a high number of mountain rescue incidents. In 1999 there were 41 rescues and four fatalities on the mountain. It has also been estimated that there are several deaths annually on Ben Nevis.

 

In two avalanches that occurred on Ben Nevis in 2009 and 2016 two people died on both occasions. In two avalanches that occurred in 1970 and 2019 three people died on both occasions. A climber died in an avalanche on the north face in 2022.

 

Some accidents arise over difficulties in navigating to or from the summit, especially in poor visibility. The problem stems from the fact that the summit plateau is roughly kidney-shaped and surrounded by cliffs on three sides; the danger is particularly accentuated when the main path is obscured by snow. Two precise compass bearings taken in succession are necessary to navigate from the summit cairn to the west flank, from where a descent can be made on the Pony Track in relative safety.

 

In the late 1990s, Lochaber Mountain Rescue Team erected two posts on the summit plateau to assist walkers attempting the descent in foggy conditions. These posts were subsequently cut down by climbers, sparking controversy in mountaineering circles on the ethics of such additions. Critics argued that cairns and posts are an unnecessary man-made intrusion into the natural landscape, which create a false sense of security and could lessen mountaineers' sense of responsibility for their own safety.

 

Supporters of navigational aids pointed to the high number of accidents that occurred on the mountain. Between 1990 and 1995 alone there were 13 fatalities, although eight of these were due to falls while rock climbing rather than navigational error. Also there is a long tradition of placing such aids on the summit, and the potentially life-saving role they could play.

 

In 2016, the John Muir Trust cleared a number of smaller informal cairns which had recently been erected by visitors, many near the top of gullies, which were seen as dangerous as they could confuse walkers using them for navigation.

 

The north face of Ben Nevis is riven with buttresses, ridges, towers and pinnacles, and contains many classic scrambles and rock climbs. It is of major importance for British winter climbing, with many of its routes holding snow often until late April. It was one of the first places in Scotland to receive the attention of serious mountaineers; a partial ascent and, the following day, a complete descent of Tower Ridge in early September 1892 is the earliest documented climbing expedition on Ben Nevis. (It was not climbed from bottom to top in entirety for another two years). The Scottish Mountaineering Club's Charles Inglis Clark hut was built below the north face in Coire Leis in 1929. Because of its remote location, it is said to be the only genuine alpine hut in Britain. It remains popular with climbers, especially in winter.

 

Tower Ridge is the longest of the north face's four main ridges, with around 600 metres (2000') of ascent. It is not technically demanding (its grade is Difficult), and most pitches can be tackled unroped by competent climbers, but it is committing and very exposed. Castle Ridge (Moderate), the northernmost of the main ridges, is an easier scramble, while Observatory Ridge (Very Difficult), the closest ridge to the summit, is "technically the hardest of the Nevis ridges in summer and winter". Between the Tower and Observatory Ridges are the Tower and Gardyloo Gullies; the latter takes its name from the cry of "garde à l'eau" (French for "watch out for the water") formerly used in Scottish cities as a warning when householders threw their waste out of a tenement window into the street. The gully's top wall was the refuse pit for the now-disused summit observatory. The North-east Buttress (Very Difficult) is the southernmost and bulkiest of the four ridges; it is as serious as Observatory Ridge but not as technically demanding, mainly because an "infamous" rock problem, the 'Man-trap', can be avoided on either side.

 

The north face contains dozens of graded rock climbs along its entire length, with particular concentrations on the Càrn Dearg Buttress (below the Munro top of Càrn Dearg NW) and around the North-east Buttress and Observatory Ridge. Classic rock routes include Rubicon Wall on Observatory Buttress (Severe) – whose second ascent in 1937, when it was considered the hardest route on the mountain, is described by W. H. Murray in Mountaineering in Scotland – and, on Càrn Dearg, Centurion and The Bullroar (both HVS), Torro (E2), and Titan's Wall (E3), these four described in the SMC's guide as among "the best climbs of their class in Scotland".

 

Many seminal lines were recorded before the First World War by pioneering Scottish climbers like J. N. Collie, Willie Naismith, Harold Raeburn, and William and Jane Inglis Clark. Other classic routes were put up by G. Graham Macphee, Dr James H. B. Bell and others between the Wars; these include Bell's 'Long Climb', at 1,400 ft (430 m) reputedly the longest sustained climb on the British mainland. In summer 1943 conscientious objector Brian Kellett made a phenomenal seventy-four repeat climbs and seventeen first ascents including fourteen solos, returning in 1944 to add fifteen more new lines, eleven solo, including his eponymous HVS on Gardyloo buttress. Much more recently, an extreme and as yet ungraded climb on Echo Wall was completed by Dave MacLeod in 2008 after two years of preparation.

 

The north face is also one of Scotland's foremost venues for winter mountaineering and ice climbing and holds snow until quite late in the year; in a good year, routes may remain in winter condition until mid-spring. Most of the possible rock routes are also suitable as winter climbs, including the four main ridges; Tower Ridge, for example, is grade IV on the Scottish winter grade, having been upgraded in 2009 by the Scottish Mountaineering Club after requests by the local Mountain Rescue Team, there being numerous benightments and incidents every winter season. Probably the most popular ice climb on Ben Nevis is The Curtain (IV,5) on the left side of the Càrn Dearg Buttress. At the top end of the scale, Centurion in winter is a grade VIII,8 face climb.

 

In February 1960 James R. Marshall and Robin Clark Smith recorded six major new ice routes in only eight days including Orion Direct (V,5 400m); this winter version of Bell's Long Climb was "the climax of a magnificent week's climbing by Smith and Marshall, and the highpoint of the step-cutting era".

 

The history of hill running on Ben Nevis dates back to 1895. William Swan, a barber from Fort William, made the first recorded timed ascent up the mountain on or around 27 September of that year, when he ran from the old post office in Fort William to the summit and back in 2 hours 41 minutes. The following years saw several improvements on Swan's record, but the first competitive race was held on 3 June 1898 under Scottish Amateur Athletic Association rules. Ten competitors ran the course, which started at the Lochiel Arms Hotel in Banavie and was thus longer than the route from Fort William; the winner was 21-year-old Hugh Kennedy, a gamekeeper at Tor Castle, who finished (coincidentally with Swan's original run) in 2 hours 41 minutes.

 

Regular races were organised until 1903, when two events were held; these were the last for 24 years, perhaps due to the closure of the summit observatory the following year. The first was from Achintee, at the foot of the Pony Track, and finished at the summit; It was won in just over an hour by Ewen MacKenzie, the observatory roadman. The second race ran from new Fort William post office, and MacKenzie lowered the record to 2 hours 10 minutes, a record he held for 34 years.

 

The Ben Nevis Race has been run in its current form since 1937. It now takes place on the first Saturday in September every year, with a maximum of 500 competitors taking part. It starts and finishes at the Claggan Park football ground on the outskirts of Fort William, and is 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) long with 1,340 metres (4,400 ft) of ascent. Due to the seriousness of the mountain environment, entry is restricted to those who have completed three hill races, and runners must carry waterproofs, a hat, gloves and a whistle; anyone who has not reached the summit after two hours is turned back. As of 2018, the record for the men's race has stood unbroken since 1984, when Kenny Stuart of Keswick Athletic Club won with a time of 1:25:34. The record for the women's race of 1:43:01 was set in 2018 by Victoria Wilkinson.

 

Ben Nevis is becoming popular with ski mountaineers and boarders. The Red Burn (Allt Coire na h-Urcaire) just to the North of the tourist path gives the easiest descent, but most if not all of the easier gullies on the North Face have been skied, as has the slope once adorned by the abseil poles into Coire Leis. No 4 gully is probably the most skied. Although Tower scoop makes it a no-fall zone, Tower Gully is becoming popular, especially in May and June when there is spring snow.

 

In 2018 Jöttnar pro team member Tim Howell BASE jumped off Ben Nevis which was covered by BBC Scotland.

 

On 6 May 2019, a team of highliners completed a crossing above the Gardyloo Gully, a new altitude record for the UK.

 

Also in May 2019, a team of 12, led by Dundee artist Douglas Roulston carried a 1.5-metre (4.9-foot) tall statue of the DC Thomson character Oor Wullie to the top of the mountain. The statue, which had been painted by Roulston with a 360-degree scene of the view from the summit was later sold at the Oor Wullie Big Bucket Trail charity auction to raise money for a number of Scottish children's charities.

 

The Ben Nevis Distillery is a single malt whisky distillery at the foot of the mountain, near Victoria Bridge to the north of Fort William. Founded in 1825 by John McDonald (known as "Long John"), it is one of the oldest licensed distilleries in Scotland, and is a popular visitor attraction in Fort William. The water used to make the whisky comes from the Allt a' Mhuilinn, the stream that flows from Ben Nevis's northern corrie. "Ben Nevis" 80/‒ organic ale is, by contrast, brewed in Bridge of Allan near Stirling.

 

Ben Nevis was the name of a White Star Line packet ship which in 1854 carried the group of immigrants who were to become the Wends of Texas. At least another eight vessels have carried the name since then.

 

A mountain in Svalbard is also named Ben Nevis, after the Scottish peak. It is 922 metres (3025') high and is south of the head of Raudfjorden, Albert I Land, in the northwestern part of the island of Spitsbergen.

 

A comic strip character, Wee Ben Nevis, about a Scottish Highlands boarding school student with superhuman strength and his antics were featured in the British comic The Beano from 1974 to 1977, named after the mountain.

 

Hung Fa Chai, a 489-metre (1605') hill in Northeast New Territories of Hong Kong was marked as Ben Nevis on historical colonial maps.

 

The Highlands is a historical region of Scotland. Culturally, the Highlands and the Lowlands diverged from the Late Middle Ages into the modern period, when Lowland Scots language replaced Scottish Gaelic throughout most of the Lowlands. The term is also used for the area north and west of the Highland Boundary Fault, although the exact boundaries are not clearly defined, particularly to the east. The Great Glen divides the Grampian Mountains to the southeast from the Northwest Highlands. The Scottish Gaelic name of A' Ghàidhealtachd literally means "the place of the Gaels" and traditionally, from a Gaelic-speaking point of view, includes both the Western Isles and the Highlands.

 

The area is very sparsely populated, with many mountain ranges dominating the region, and includes the highest mountain in the British Isles, Ben Nevis. During the 18th and early 19th centuries the population of the Highlands rose to around 300,000, but from c. 1841 and for the next 160 years, the natural increase in population was exceeded by emigration (mostly to Canada, the United States, Australia and New Zealand, and migration to the industrial cities of Scotland and England.) and passim  The area is now one of the most sparsely populated in Europe. At 9.1/km2 (24/sq mi) in 2012, the population density in the Highlands and Islands is less than one seventh of Scotland's as a whole.

 

The Highland Council is the administrative body for much of the Highlands, with its administrative centre at Inverness. However, the Highlands also includes parts of the council areas of Aberdeenshire, Angus, Argyll and Bute, Moray, North Ayrshire, Perth and Kinross, Stirling and West Dunbartonshire.

 

The Scottish Highlands is the only area in the British Isles to have the taiga biome as it features concentrated populations of Scots pine forest: see Caledonian Forest. It is the most mountainous part of the United Kingdom.

 

Between the 15th century and the mid-20th century, the area differed from most of the Lowlands in terms of language. In Scottish Gaelic, the region is known as the Gàidhealtachd, because it was traditionally the Gaelic-speaking part of Scotland, although the language is now largely confined to The Hebrides. The terms are sometimes used interchangeably but have different meanings in their respective languages. Scottish English (in its Highland form) is the predominant language of the area today, though Highland English has been influenced by Gaelic speech to a significant extent. Historically, the "Highland line" distinguished the two Scottish cultures. While the Highland line broadly followed the geography of the Grampians in the south, it continued in the north, cutting off the north-eastern areas, that is Eastern Caithness, Orkney and Shetland, from the more Gaelic Highlands and Hebrides.

 

Historically, the major social unit of the Highlands was the clan. Scottish kings, particularly James VI, saw clans as a challenge to their authority; the Highlands was seen by many as a lawless region. The Scots of the Lowlands viewed the Highlanders as backward and more "Irish". The Highlands were seen as the overspill of Gaelic Ireland. They made this distinction by separating Germanic "Scots" English and the Gaelic by renaming it "Erse" a play on Eire. Following the Union of the Crowns, James VI had the military strength to back up any attempts to impose some control. The result was, in 1609, the Statutes of Iona which started the process of integrating clan leaders into Scottish society. The gradual changes continued into the 19th century, as clan chiefs thought of themselves less as patriarchal leaders of their people and more as commercial landlords. The first effect on the clansmen who were their tenants was the change to rents being payable in money rather than in kind. Later, rents were increased as Highland landowners sought to increase their income. This was followed, mostly in the period 1760–1850, by agricultural improvement that often (particularly in the Western Highlands) involved clearance of the population to make way for large scale sheep farms. Displaced tenants were set up in crofting communities in the process. The crofts were intended not to provide all the needs of their occupiers; they were expected to work in other industries such as kelping and fishing. Crofters came to rely substantially on seasonal migrant work, particularly in the Lowlands. This gave impetus to the learning of English, which was seen by many rural Gaelic speakers to be the essential "language of work".

 

Older historiography attributes the collapse of the clan system to the aftermath of the Jacobite risings. This is now thought less influential by historians. Following the Jacobite rising of 1745 the British government enacted a series of laws to try to suppress the clan system, including bans on the bearing of arms and the wearing of tartan, and limitations on the activities of the Scottish Episcopal Church. Most of this legislation was repealed by the end of the 18th century as the Jacobite threat subsided. There was soon a rehabilitation of Highland culture. Tartan was adopted for Highland regiments in the British Army, which poor Highlanders joined in large numbers in the era of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (1790–1815). Tartan had largely been abandoned by the ordinary people of the region, but in the 1820s, tartan and the kilt were adopted by members of the social elite, not just in Scotland, but across Europe. The international craze for tartan, and for idealising a romanticised Highlands, was set off by the Ossian cycle, and further popularised by the works of Walter Scott. His "staging" of the visit of King George IV to Scotland in 1822 and the king's wearing of tartan resulted in a massive upsurge in demand for kilts and tartans that could not be met by the Scottish woollen industry. Individual clan tartans were largely designated in this period and they became a major symbol of Scottish identity. This "Highlandism", by which all of Scotland was identified with the culture of the Highlands, was cemented by Queen Victoria's interest in the country, her adoption of Balmoral as a major royal retreat, and her interest in "tartenry".

 

Recurrent famine affected the Highlands for much of its history, with significant instances as late as 1817 in the Eastern Highlands and the early 1850s in the West.  Over the 18th century, the region had developed a trade of black cattle into Lowland markets, and this was balanced by imports of meal into the area. There was a critical reliance on this trade to provide sufficient food, and it is seen as an essential prerequisite for the population growth that started in the 18th century. Most of the Highlands, particularly in the North and West was short of the arable land that was essential for the mixed, run rig based, communal farming that existed before agricultural improvement was introduced into the region.[a] Between the 1760s and the 1830s there was a substantial trade in unlicensed whisky that had been distilled in the Highlands. Lowland distillers (who were not able to avoid the heavy taxation of this product) complained that Highland whisky made up more than half the market. The development of the cattle trade is taken as evidence that the pre-improvement Highlands was not an immutable system, but did exploit the economic opportunities that came its way.  The illicit whisky trade demonstrates the entrepreneurial ability of the peasant classes. 

 

Agricultural improvement reached the Highlands mostly over the period 1760 to 1850. Agricultural advisors, factors, land surveyors and others educated in the thinking of Adam Smith were keen to put into practice the new ideas taught in Scottish universities.  Highland landowners, many of whom were burdened with chronic debts, were generally receptive to the advice they offered and keen to increase the income from their land.  In the East and South the resulting change was similar to that in the Lowlands, with the creation of larger farms with single tenants, enclosure of the old run rig fields, introduction of new crops (such as turnips), land drainage and, as a consequence of all this, eviction, as part of the Highland clearances, of many tenants and cottars. Some of those cleared found employment on the new, larger farms, others moved to the accessible towns of the Lowlands.

 

In the West and North, evicted tenants were usually given tenancies in newly created crofting communities, while their former holdings were converted into large sheep farms. Sheep farmers could pay substantially higher rents than the run rig farmers and were much less prone to falling into arrears. Each croft was limited in size so that the tenants would have to find work elsewhere. The major alternatives were fishing and the kelp industry. Landlords took control of the kelp shores, deducting the wages earned by their tenants from the rent due and retaining the large profits that could be earned at the high prices paid for the processed product during the Napoleonic wars.

 

When the Napoleonic wars finished in 1815, the Highland industries were affected by the return to a peacetime economy. The price of black cattle fell, nearly halving between 1810 and the 1830s. Kelp prices had peaked in 1810, but reduced from £9 a ton in 1823 to £3 13s 4d a ton in 1828. Wool prices were also badly affected.  This worsened the financial problems of debt-encumbered landlords. Then, in 1846, potato blight arrived in the Highlands, wiping out the essential subsistence crop for the overcrowded crofting communities. As the famine struck, the government made clear to landlords that it was their responsibility to provide famine relief for their tenants. The result of the economic downturn had been that a large proportion of Highland estates were sold in the first half of the 19th century. T M Devine points out that in the region most affected by the potato famine, by 1846, 70 per cent of the landowners were new purchasers who had not owned Highland property before 1800. More landlords were obliged to sell due to the cost of famine relief. Those who were protected from the worst of the crisis were those with extensive rental income from sheep farms.  Government loans were made available for drainage works, road building and other improvements and many crofters became temporary migrants – taking work in the Lowlands. When the potato famine ceased in 1856, this established a pattern of more extensive working away from the Highlands.

 

The unequal concentration of land ownership remained an emotional and controversial subject, of enormous importance to the Highland economy, and eventually became a cornerstone of liberal radicalism. The poor crofters were politically powerless, and many of them turned to religion. They embraced the popularly oriented, fervently evangelical Presbyterian revival after 1800. Most joined the breakaway "Free Church" after 1843. This evangelical movement was led by lay preachers who themselves came from the lower strata, and whose preaching was implicitly critical of the established order. The religious change energised the crofters and separated them from the landlords; it helped prepare them for their successful and violent challenge to the landlords in the 1880s through the Highland Land League. Violence erupted, starting on the Isle of Skye, when Highland landlords cleared their lands for sheep and deer parks. It was quietened when the government stepped in, passing the Crofters' Holdings (Scotland) Act, 1886 to reduce rents, guarantee fixity of tenure, and break up large estates to provide crofts for the homeless. This contrasted with the Irish Land War underway at the same time, where the Irish were intensely politicised through roots in Irish nationalism, while political dimensions were limited. In 1885 three Independent Crofter candidates were elected to Parliament, which listened to their pleas. The results included explicit security for the Scottish smallholders in the "crofting counties"; the legal right to bequeath tenancies to descendants; and the creation of a Crofting Commission. The Crofters as a political movement faded away by 1892, and the Liberal Party gained their votes.

 

Today, the Highlands are the largest of Scotland's whisky producing regions; the relevant area runs from Orkney to the Isle of Arran in the south and includes the northern isles and much of Inner and Outer Hebrides, Argyll, Stirlingshire, Arran, as well as sections of Perthshire and Aberdeenshire. (Other sources treat The Islands, except Islay, as a separate whisky producing region.) This massive area has over 30 distilleries, or 47 when the Islands sub-region is included in the count. According to one source, the top five are The Macallan, Glenfiddich, Aberlour, Glenfarclas and Balvenie. While Speyside is geographically within the Highlands, that region is specified as distinct in terms of whisky productions. Speyside single malt whiskies are produced by about 50 distilleries.

 

According to Visit Scotland, Highlands whisky is "fruity, sweet, spicy, malty". Another review states that Northern Highlands single malt is "sweet and full-bodied", the Eastern Highlands and Southern Highlands whiskies tend to be "lighter in texture" while the distilleries in the Western Highlands produce single malts with a "much peatier influence".

 

The Scottish Reformation achieved partial success in the Highlands. Roman Catholicism remained strong in some areas, owing to remote locations and the efforts of Franciscan missionaries from Ireland, who regularly came to celebrate Mass. There remain significant Catholic strongholds within the Highlands and Islands such as Moidart and Morar on the mainland and South Uist and Barra in the southern Outer Hebrides. The remoteness of the region and the lack of a Gaelic-speaking clergy undermined the missionary efforts of the established church. The later 18th century saw somewhat greater success, owing to the efforts of the SSPCK missionaries and to the disruption of traditional society after the Battle of Culloden in 1746. In the 19th century, the evangelical Free Churches, which were more accepting of Gaelic language and culture, grew rapidly, appealing much more strongly than did the established church.

 

For the most part, however, the Highlands are considered predominantly Protestant, belonging to the Church of Scotland. In contrast to the Catholic southern islands, the northern Outer Hebrides islands (Lewis, Harris and North Uist) have an exceptionally high proportion of their population belonging to the Protestant Free Church of Scotland or the Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland. The Outer Hebrides have been described as the last bastion of Calvinism in Britain and the Sabbath remains widely observed. Inverness and the surrounding area has a majority Protestant population, with most locals belonging to either The Kirk or the Free Church of Scotland. The church maintains a noticeable presence within the area, with church attendance notably higher than in other parts of Scotland. Religion continues to play an important role in Highland culture, with Sabbath observance still widely practised, particularly in the Hebrides.

 

In traditional Scottish geography, the Highlands refers to that part of Scotland north-west of the Highland Boundary Fault, which crosses mainland Scotland in a near-straight line from Helensburgh to Stonehaven. However the flat coastal lands that occupy parts of the counties of Nairnshire, Morayshire, Banffshire and Aberdeenshire are often excluded as they do not share the distinctive geographical and cultural features of the rest of the Highlands. The north-east of Caithness, as well as Orkney and Shetland, are also often excluded from the Highlands, although the Hebrides are usually included. The Highland area, as so defined, differed from the Lowlands in language and tradition, having preserved Gaelic speech and customs centuries after the anglicisation of the latter; this led to a growing perception of a divide, with the cultural distinction between Highlander and Lowlander first noted towards the end of the 14th century. In Aberdeenshire, the boundary between the Highlands and the Lowlands is not well defined. There is a stone beside the A93 road near the village of Dinnet on Royal Deeside which states 'You are now in the Highlands', although there are areas of Highland character to the east of this point.

 

A much wider definition of the Highlands is that used by the Scotch whisky industry. Highland single malts are produced at distilleries north of an imaginary line between Dundee and Greenock, thus including all of Aberdeenshire and Angus.

 

Inverness is regarded as the Capital of the Highlands, although less so in the Highland parts of Aberdeenshire, Angus, Perthshire and Stirlingshire which look more to Aberdeen, Dundee, Perth, and Stirling as their commercial centres.

 

The Highland Council area, created as one of the local government regions of Scotland, has been a unitary council area since 1996. The council area excludes a large area of the southern and eastern Highlands, and the Western Isles, but includes Caithness. Highlands is sometimes used, however, as a name for the council area, as in the former Highlands and Islands Fire and Rescue Service. Northern is also used to refer to the area, as in the former Northern Constabulary. These former bodies both covered the Highland council area and the island council areas of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles.

 

Much of the Highlands area overlaps the Highlands and Islands area. An electoral region called Highlands and Islands is used in elections to the Scottish Parliament: this area includes Orkney and Shetland, as well as the Highland Council local government area, the Western Isles and most of the Argyll and Bute and Moray local government areas. Highlands and Islands has, however, different meanings in different contexts. It means Highland (the local government area), Orkney, Shetland, and the Western Isles in Highlands and Islands Fire and Rescue Service. Northern, as in Northern Constabulary, refers to the same area as that covered by the fire and rescue service.

 

There have been trackways from the Lowlands to the Highlands since prehistoric times. Many traverse the Mounth, a spur of mountainous land that extends from the higher inland range to the North Sea slightly north of Stonehaven. The most well-known and historically important trackways are the Causey Mounth, Elsick Mounth, Cryne Corse Mounth and Cairnamounth.

 

Although most of the Highlands is geographically on the British mainland, it is somewhat less accessible than the rest of Britain; thus most UK couriers categorise it separately, alongside Northern Ireland, the Isle of Man, and other offshore islands. They thus charge additional fees for delivery to the Highlands, or exclude the area entirely. While the physical remoteness from the largest population centres inevitably leads to higher transit cost, there is confusion and consternation over the scale of the fees charged and the effectiveness of their communication, and the use of the word Mainland in their justification. Since the charges are often based on postcode areas, many far less remote areas, including some which are traditionally considered part of the lowlands, are also subject to these charges. Royal Mail is the only delivery network bound by a Universal Service Obligation to charge a uniform tariff across the UK. This, however, applies only to mail items and not larger packages which are dealt with by its Parcelforce division.

 

The Highlands lie to the north and west of the Highland Boundary Fault, which runs from Arran to Stonehaven. This part of Scotland is largely composed of ancient rocks from the Cambrian and Precambrian periods which were uplifted during the later Caledonian Orogeny. Smaller formations of Lewisian gneiss in the northwest are up to 3 billion years old. The overlying rocks of the Torridon Sandstone form mountains in the Torridon Hills such as Liathach and Beinn Eighe in Wester Ross.

 

These foundations are interspersed with many igneous intrusions of a more recent age, the remnants of which have formed mountain massifs such as the Cairngorms and the Cuillin of Skye. A significant exception to the above are the fossil-bearing beds of Old Red Sandstone found principally along the Moray Firth coast and partially down the Highland Boundary Fault. The Jurassic beds found in isolated locations on Skye and Applecross reflect the complex underlying geology. They are the original source of much North Sea oil. The Great Glen is formed along a transform fault which divides the Grampian Mountains to the southeast from the Northwest Highlands.

 

The entire region was covered by ice sheets during the Pleistocene ice ages, save perhaps for a few nunataks. The complex geomorphology includes incised valleys and lochs carved by the action of mountain streams and ice, and a topography of irregularly distributed mountains whose summits have similar heights above sea-level, but whose bases depend upon the amount of denudation to which the plateau has been subjected in various places.

Climate

 

The region is much warmer than other areas at similar latitudes (such as Kamchatka in Russia, or Labrador in Canada) because of the Gulf Stream making it cool, damp and temperate. The Köppen climate classification is "Cfb" at low altitudes, then becoming "Cfc", "Dfc" and "ET" at higher altitudes.

 

Places of interest

An Teallach

Aonach Mòr (Nevis Range ski centre)

Arrochar Alps

Balmoral Castle

Balquhidder

Battlefield of Culloden

Beinn Alligin

Beinn Eighe

Ben Cruachan hydro-electric power station

Ben Lomond

Ben Macdui (second highest mountain in Scotland and UK)

Ben Nevis (highest mountain in Scotland and UK)

Cairngorms National Park

Cairngorm Ski centre near Aviemore

Cairngorm Mountains

Caledonian Canal

Cape Wrath

Carrick Castle

Castle Stalker

Castle Tioram

Chanonry Point

Conic Hill

Culloden Moor

Dunadd

Duart Castle

Durness

Eilean Donan

Fingal's Cave (Staffa)

Fort George

Glen Coe

Glen Etive

Glen Kinglas

Glen Lyon

Glen Orchy

Glenshee Ski Centre

Glen Shiel

Glen Spean

Glenfinnan (and its railway station and viaduct)

Grampian Mountains

Hebrides

Highland Folk Museum – The first open-air museum in the UK.

Highland Wildlife Park

Inveraray Castle

Inveraray Jail

Inverness Castle

Inverewe Garden

Iona Abbey

Isle of Staffa

Kilchurn Castle

Kilmartin Glen

Liathach

Lecht Ski Centre

Loch Alsh

Loch Ard

Loch Awe

Loch Assynt

Loch Earn

Loch Etive

Loch Fyne

Loch Goil

Loch Katrine

Loch Leven

Loch Linnhe

Loch Lochy

Loch Lomond

Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park

Loch Lubnaig

Loch Maree

Loch Morar

Loch Morlich

Loch Ness

Loch Nevis

Loch Rannoch

Loch Tay

Lochranza

Luss

Meall a' Bhuiridh (Glencoe Ski Centre)

Scottish Sea Life Sanctuary at Loch Creran

Rannoch Moor

Red Cuillin

Rest and Be Thankful stretch of A83

River Carron, Wester Ross

River Spey

River Tay

Ross and Cromarty

Smoo Cave

Stob Coire a' Chàirn

Stac Polly

Strathspey Railway

Sutherland

Tor Castle

Torridon Hills

Urquhart Castle

West Highland Line (scenic railway)

West Highland Way (Long-distance footpath)

Wester Ross

A 1980 expedition in the Carneddi, North Wales.

 

My husband and I worked on this together since we are both taking the class. First step - cutting up the beef, which we substituted for wild boar.

After cutting your 2,5" strips you are only three (!) cuts away from your hexagons.

 

Next step cutting diamonds: 60 degree angle and 2,5" wide.

 

(Oh, being left-handed I cut with the left hand as well as with the right hand. I hope that's not to confusing. Here I cut with the left hand and in the next photo I used the right hand. Sorry.)

 

Using a file and 100-grit sandpaper, remove the remaining corners and create a smooth curved surface. Carefully look at the shape from different angles to detect flat spots and asymmetries. Run your fingers over the surface to find places that don't feel right because they are flatter or more curved than they should be.

 

Once you are happy with the shape, sand the entire car with 150-grit and then with 220-grit sandpaper. Wipe the surface with a damp cloth. Let the block dry for a few minutes. The surface will feel slightly rough. Sand it again lightly with 220-grit paper, just enough to remove the roughness.

 

[As an aside, if you happen to be interested in computer graphics or computer-aided design, you may have noticed that refining the surface of the car by cutting off the corners and edges, as shown in the previous slide, is the real-world equivalent of constructing a subdivision surface in the computer. The original edges and corners are the equivalent of the control mesh, and cutting all of them off corresponds to a subdivision step. Cutting off all the new corners and edges that were produced in the previous step constitutes another subdivision. An infinite number of subdivisions produces a completely smooth limit surface. The limit surface tends to have a pleasing shape without unwanted creases, flat spots or abrupt changes in curvature. Of course, in the real world two or three subdivision steps is about as far as you can take cutting off corners with a chisel and a plane. After that you have to switch to a file and sandpaper.]

 

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Natasza Gasztold

 

Our latest photos backstage and videos can be watched on our website glamstudio.eu

   

Canon EOS R + 50mm F1.4 DG HSM | Art 014 at f/2,8

 

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A workman uses a cutting torch to remove a stairway going around the water tower in Glenmont, Maryland. This work was done as part of a refurbishment of the tower's exterior. The stairs were not replaced when the work was completed.

 

Ben Schumin is a professional photographer who captures the intricacies of daily life. This image may be used under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0. Please provide artist attribution, as well as a link to the original photo and to the license terms.

Diamond ShapesRound- This is by far the most popular diamond shape and also the most optically brilliant, because of its 360-degree symmetry. The 'ideal' round brilliant cut was calculated by gem enthusiast and mathematician Marcel Tolkowsky in 1919, to reflect and scatter the maximum amount of light. The round silhouette works with almost every mounting, from classic solitaires to the most avant-garde designs.Round diamonds can be set in prongs, in which they are visible from all sides, or into bezel mountings. In general, well cut round diamonds should be set with the least possible amount of metal around the stone, so that it is held securely but can still have light entering it to show off its sparkle and brilliance.The traditional choice for all occasions and preferred by many for their personal investment portfolio. The depth percentage should range between 58 to 63 percent and the table percentage should range between 55 to 64 percent. The most desired percentages are the 60 percent, and perfectionists will look for depth of 59 through 62 percent and table of 56 through 58 percent. Oval - This cut makes the most use of the sparkle of a round-brilliant cut, and combines this with an elongated outline which is particularly flattering on the hand. The oval cut diamond is based upon the traditional configuration of the round brilliant diamond and that's why its technical name is oval modified brilliant diamond. The oval was invented by Lazare Kaplan in the early 1960s. A length-to-width ratio of 1.5:1 is almost universally considered a pleasing shape for oval diamonds, with any variation beyond 1.4:1 or 1.6:1 beginning to be noticeable and become an aesthetic issue.However as with all fancies, a certain degree of individual taste is always factored into the desirability of a particular diamond's shape. Fifty-six facets are typical for oval brilliant diamonds. Over the last year or two ovals have become very popular as center diamonds for engagement ringsGenerally this is cut so that the length is twice the width, but this depends, of course, on personal preference. The oval shape is very versatile, and works well in almost any setting.Princess - This has become particularly popular over the last few years - developed in 1970, the Princess is now second only to the round in popularity. The Princess Cut Diamond is a brilliant style shape with sharp, uncut corners. This is the perfect choice for a combination between a square or rectangular outline with the brilliance of a round cut. Brilliant style refers to vertical direction crown and pavilion facets instead of step style horizontally facets. A princess Cut Diamond generally has 76 facets, giving it more brilliance and fire than the round brilliant. The Princess Cut diamond is fast becoming one of the most popular cuts in the United States. This gives a classic shape and beautiful sparkle. Although a square outline is largely preferred, some stones are cut in a slightly more rectangular shape. The princess cut works excellently as a solitaire, but is also particularly attractive paired with side stones such as trillions or smaller princess-cut diamonds.Princess cut diamonds are amongst the smallest diamonds in the diamond pool. They are inverted pyramids and carry most of their weight at the bottom. Though they are small, they look electrifying.Emerald -This is considered among the most classic of diamond shapes. It is always cut with blocked corners, usually to a rectangular outline, although some are cut to be more square. Because of its simpler faceting, larger inclusions tend to be more visible to the naked eye, so diamonds cut in this shape need to be of a higher clarity. Diamond 'purists' love the emerald cut for its simplicity.The flat planes of the outside edges allow for a variety of side stones shapes. Typical pairings would be two or three side baguetts,two half-moons, and other smaller emeralds, but not trillions ,as their sparkle makes the center emerald cut look flat. The length-to-width ratio should be between 1.5:1 to 1.75:1.Radiant -The Radiant Cut Diamond is a straight-edged rectangular or square stone with cut corners. Radiant diamonds show resemblance to emerald cut diamonds with respect to shape. The radiant cut diamond has 62-70 facets. Radiant are principally used for important center stones primarily for rings but also for pendant. They are rarely used for earrings or as side stones because they are hard to calibrate and match. These diamonds are also square or rectangular in shape. But they glitter more than the emerald shaped diamonds because of the difference in the number of facets. Since radiant diamonds have more number of facets than the emerald diamonds, they look more stunning. It is cut with the combination of the step-cutting towards the culet that the princess and emerald cuts display, and some of the triangular faceting of the brilliant cut. This is extremely effective as a solitaire but also works well in combination with other stones, particularly cut into baguettes, trillions and princesses. Usually, a radiant-cut stone is set with special prongs to ensure that the blocked corners are securely held.Heart - The Heart Shaped Brilliant bears some similarity to the Pear Shape, except that there is a cleft at the top. In fact, often the reason cutters may choose a Heart shape over a Pear may be that the Rough Diamond contained an inclusion located in the cleft. The skill of the cutter can make a great difference in the beauty of this cut. The "Shape Appeal" is especially important with Hearts. Romantic perfection for the special occasions. The perfect stone for the special occasion requirements. The Heart shaped brilliant is the hit item on Valentines day. Usually the width will be 10% wider than the head-to-point length.Marquise - The Marquise Cut takes its name from a legend relating to the Marquise of Pompadour. This is an elongated shape with tapering points at both ends. Its shape successfully flatters the finger, making it appear longer, so is a popular cut for gemstones in designer jewellery. According to the legend, the Sun King desired a stone to be polished into the shape of the mouth of the Marquise. It is important to consider that a length-to-width ratio between 1.75:1 to 2:1 is most pleasing. As with other fancy shapes, the consumer's individual taste constitutes an element of the evaluation as well. The typical marquise diamond contains 56 facets. This works equally well in a simple solitaire setting or with side stones, particularly baguette or trillion shapes. A marquise-cut diamond is traditionally mounted with six prongs: four positioned on the sides to hold the body of the stone securely and two V-shaped prongs to protect the points at either end.Pear - The Pear Shaped Brilliant is a combination of a Round brilliant and a Marquise cut. Pendants looks very nice set with a Pear shape as do earrings, due to the "Teardrop" shape. The pear shaped brilliant diamond is based upon the traditional configuration of the round brilliant diamond. More than other fancy shapes, length-to-width ratio is a matter of taste when it comes to pear shaped diamonds. Because pears may be used for engagement rings, suites in necklaces, earrings, and integral parts of custom designs, a wide variety of shapes is considered desirable. The typical pear shaped diamond will contain 58 facets. This feminine diamond shape, with one rounded end and a tapering point at the other, is a classic and extremely popular. A ratio of 1.5:1.0 is common, so that the length of the stone is about 1 ½ times the width of the stone. The symmetry of a pear cut diamond is vital, as this ensures the light is evenly reflected, particularly in the point. This cut is usually mounted with five prongs - two to hold the rounded end, two to hold the curved sides of the stone and one special V-shaped prong to hold the point at the end, the most vulnerable part of the stone, securely.

A sister, nervous

And dismissive at first, does

In the end, relent.

  

...wow this video (you can watch it in HD too) really should not have taken as long as it did to edit.

 

Earlier, Caryn came by and we worked on the mock-up website for our company . Finally put together our logo, which felt like real progress. Next step: cutting the showreel. Yes... I have to cut another showreel. Hopefully, I won't be obsessing over every little—

 

Who am I kidding? The above video is, what, 45 seconds? I re-encoded 4 or 5 times just to get the color-correct a bit better, or the fade at the end start15 frames earlier! If I could, I'd go back right now and adjust one of the cuts. Must. Resist.

 

—And this is why deadlines are important.

 

So we set one: February 1. Nice round date.

 

Julie and Caryn went to the gym for a yoga class, and my cousin Bobby stopped by for a quick chat about how to go about shooting his short documentary. After everyone left and the wife and baby fell asleep, I fixed myself a drink, and yes... got lost in Final Cut Pro.

Paula

 

Our latest photos backstage and videos can be watched on our website glamstudio.eu

   

Canon EOS R + EF85mm f/1.8 USM at f/2,2

 

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Finally I can cross out an entry of my "patterns I want to try" list. I wanted to make an Hour Glass quilt for ages. The HST blocks are easier to sew than expected. If I had seen a certain tutorial earlier, I would have been able to save a lot of time because I would not have to trim off those little triangles now. Next time I'll make it better, but for now I'll spend some time with my scissors and clean up the mess.

 

If you are interested in sewing HST, look here www.redpepperquilts.com/2010/04/hour-glass-block-tutorial... before starting to sew. It's totally worth it.

 

And here we go, transferring the layout from the bottom to the top. Have to transfer the extent of the mortises using the knife lines from the orginal layout (taken from the legs themselves), then transfer each corner of each mortise with the marking gauge to deal with the case where a leg has twisted a bit. One of them apparently did, by a fair bit judging from the cockeyed layout. Not this one, though.

 

Next step: cutting out the dovetail sides on one edge, which will be followed by notching the waste and then chiseling it all out.

This was a birthday gift to myself. I found an excellent photographer in Serbia, and the day after my birthday, I went to the photo shoot in Belgrade.

Fabulous cutting in the white margins of this print - dissected corners, interrupted edges, split sockets and knobs, and many pieces meeting at a point. Cutting styles also vary in different areas - like the stepped cutting around the edges of tiles in the floor.

 

Definitely one of the 'best-in-show' in my view, this is a Jeux Artistiques jigsaw of a Persian miniature. Bronwen, do you know anything more about it - I know it's one of your favourite makers?

 

Jigasaurus has two examples, both from Jacques Velu. The brand is rare, and believed to have been in production in the period 1953-1981.

 

www.thejigasaurus.com/jigasaurus/v/jeux_artistiques/

 

One of these is a very similar 800pc. It was sold by former celebrated Paris toy shop "Le Nain Bleu", and features a painting by the Persian artist Kamāl ud-Dīn Behzād (c.1450–c.1535).

Decided to attempt this project by Tomoko Fuse.

I scanned, resized and printed the pattern (drawing it on inkscape would have been the same but more time consuming).

Then I placed a sheet of elephant hide on the print and with a sharp tool, a ruler and a light I transferred the patter on the sheet.

It took two and a half hours just to "precrease", next step: cutting the shape

March 2021 Update: I posted this to the group to complement Mike's comment on Genest's cutting style of Turner's Slave Ship and because it fits loosely with the Oriental Images theme. The additions in the comments of two of Pierre's jigsaws - especially the Japanese Vera strengthen the Oriental theme from our Friday lecture.

 

Nov 2017, when the BCD meetings theme was Trains & The Orient:

I may have over-stretched this in using the perspective correct tool. Definitely one of the 'best-in-show' in my view, this is a Jeux Artistiques jigsaw of a Persian miniature, which seems to be showing an al fresco meal being prepared in a railed enclosure, watched by hungry diners. Bronwen, do you know anything more about it - I know it's one of your favourite makers?

 

Fabulous cutting in the white margins of this print - dissected corners, interrupted edges, split sockets and knobs, and many pieces meeting at a point. Cutting styles also vary in different areas - like the stepped cutting around the edges of tiles in the floor.

 

Jigasaurus has two examples, both from Jacques Velu. The brand is rare, and believed to have been in production in the period 1953-1981.

 

www.thejigasaurus.com/jigasaurus/v/jeux_artistiques/

 

One of these is a very similar 800pc. It was sold by former celebrated Paris toy shop "Le Nain Bleu", and features a painting by the Persian artist Kamāl ud-Dīn Behzād (c.1450–c.1535).

Definitely one of the 'best-in-show' in my view, this is a Jeux Artistiques jigsaw of a Persian miniature, which seems to be showing an al fresco meal being prepared in a railed enclosure, watched by hungry diners. Bronwen, do you know anything more about it - I know it's one of your favourite makers?

 

Fabulous cutting in the white margins of this print - dissected corners, interrupted edges, split sockets and knobs, and many pieces meeting at a point. Cutting styles also vary in different areas - like the stepped cutting around the edges of tiles in the floor.

 

Jigasaurus has two examples, both from Jacques Velu. The brand is rare, and believed to have been in production in the period 1953-1981.

 

www.thejigasaurus.com/jigasaurus/v/jeux_artistiques/

 

One of these is a very similar 800pc. It was sold by former celebrated Paris toy shop "Le Nain Bleu", and features a painting by the Persian artist Kamāl ud-Dīn Behzād (c.1450–c.1535).

The Chhondarban Glacier had some tricky sections that needed some care and some step cutting to get over. In this section, our guide - Thakur - and one of his sherpas - Galgeon - were scouting the ridges to find a safe route. Our other sherpa - Khaji - was taking the rest of the porters through an alternate route.

Check out the stunning geology of this region!

Chhondarban Glacier, Dhawalagiri Region, Nepal

  

See where this picture was taken. [?]

in this video you learn kids Stylish & Simple Frock cutting Step By Step in a very easy way.after watching this Cutting Tutorial you will easily cut and stitch the baby frocks.i hope you like this video. Facebook : ift.tt/2xb3iJy Other Stunning Videos You Can Watch And Win Free Dresses ► New Stylish Dresses For Girls 2017 - Latest Trend youtu.be/nDVYBoFofJk ► Latest White Kurti/Kurta/Kameez/Designs|Casual Kurta |Daily Wear Outfit Ideas 2017| youtu.be/d_6gAZUnInw ► New Beautiful Stylish Kurti || kurta Side Designs 2017 -2018 youtu.be/tjbKtNcTtnc ► Kid's Princess Style frock Dresses 2017 - Latest Kids Party Wear Dress Collection youtu.be/qHor3VwRqx8 ► Top Beautiful Designer Kurta/Kurti For Girls 2017 - Buy Online youtu.be/4neDQ613Qy4 ► comfortable Daily Wear Kurties & Frocks Designs For Girls 2017 youtu.be/vserkOvFVEY ► Gold Rings Designs In 3 Grams | Gold Ring Designs With Weight youtu.be/2wiKaVBnhEw ► Top Beautiful Kids Party Wear Fancy Dresses 2017 youtu.be/4hxASj1O0UQ ► new/ latest jackets designs for girls 2017 - 2018 youtu.be/2tgfuIHjn68 ► Comfortable Long Frock Dress Designs For Girls 2017 - 2018 youtu.be/LZlqxfO5CTE ► Daily Wear Cotton Punjabi Suit Designs/Punjabi Suit Designs For College Girls 2017 youtu.be/y-qXrQBbGUU ► Comfortable Long Frock Dress Designs For Girls 2017 - 2018 youtu.be/dcLP8V5kWcY ► Stylish Gold Ring Designs for Girls youtu.be/LuZcl_9t0F4 ► STYLISH DRESSES FOR GIRLS 2017 youtu.be/R1Fp4VDCtu0 ► New Indian & Pakistani long frock Dresses Designs for Girls 2017 youtu.be/q0ZUSDHJLVw ► Stylish Gold Ring Designs for Girls youtu.be/LuZcl_9t0F4 ► Latest Trousers/ Plazo Designs 2017 youtu.be/Dz9yY4Eqjqk ► Unique & cute Mehndi designs for Girls youtu.be/Rcf8z4ttUio ► latest mehndi designs for girls youtu.be/3kWvOFNCwjM ► New Stylish Dresses For Girls 2017 - Latest Trend youtu.be/nDVYBoFofJk ► Beautiful Punjabi Suit With Heavy Dupatta - Price And Contact No youtu.be/m6k4CbELY9k ► Traditional South Indian Bridal Braids Jewelry 2017 youtu.be/sEptiors3fU ► Incredible Gold Jhumka Earrings Designer Collection 2017 youtu.be/LR0enHx5SGY ► Latest Designs Of Heels/Shoes For Women/Girls 2017 youtu.be/FxRU5DPkELg ► Latest Gold Necklace Designs In 22 Carat youtu.be/UJSXpY40HKM ► Top Beautiful Bangles Design In 22 k Gold with Price and Weight youtu.be/fqoYw4xmtk8 ► Stunning White Gold Diamond Necklace Designs youtu.be/s1Xp_4rk9_M ► Outstanding Chania Choli Design For Girls 2017 youtu.be/7dFsq7n6Uyo ► Top Beautiful Daily wear Kurta/Kurti Designs youtu.be/vM7KTijB158 ► designer wedding dresses for Bride 2017 youtu.be/a8a2QBURhOE ► STYLISH COTTON FROCKS DESIGNS FOR kIDS 2017 youtu.be/IxqU_ITkkE0 ► Latest Panjabi Suit Material with Price & WhatsApp No 2017 youtu.be/xAeQg7GkTAU

First step, cutting the bottom of the 4-speed transmission pan off.

My first attemp at rehooping my own wheels. First step cutting up wheels I paid good money for...yep. Plasma in hand makes short work in preparing the centers for the lathe.

My first attemp at rehooping my own wheels. First step cutting up wheels I paid good money for...yep. Plasma in hand makes short work in preparing the centers for the lathe.

Fat quarter or two for a smaller quilt. A yard or two for larger quilts. Will need to cut it into a square. You can turn a standard quarter yard into a square, but it just adds another step (cutting + sewing). You can also sew a bunch of strips into a square.

 

Erasable pen/pencil, pins, iron, ironing board, sewing machine, ruler, rotary cutter, cutting mat, a yard stick (or ruler with masking tape).

My first attemp at rehooping my own wheels. First step cutting up wheels I paid good money for...yep. Plasma in hand makes short work in preparing the centers for the lathe.

My first attemp at rehooping my own wheels. First step cutting up wheels I paid good money for...yep. Plasma in hand makes short work in preparing the centers for the lathe.

I made up a yagi for the 70cm band to use to track high altitude balloons (ukhas.org.uk, cuspaceflight.co.uk). It worked pretty well! The photos detail the construction steps, more or less.

 

This step:

cutting the elements! with the hacksaw

Using the hobby knife; scrape off enough solder mask to mount your desired color. The author used a 1206 SMT LED - Orange from Digikey - A Stanley AA1101W.

 

IF your using a standard low voltage LED (red, yellow, orange) with a Vdrop ~2V continue. Else skip the next step cutting the trace below.

 

Cut the long trace on the Kathode (+) side of the LED. Make the cut wide enough to fit a 604 SMT resistor:

 

I made up a yagi for the 70cm band to use to track high altitude balloons (ukhas.org.uk, cuspaceflight.co.uk). It worked pretty well! The photos detail the construction steps, more or less.

 

This step:

cutting the dipole!

I'm starting early on my holiday cards. Used a center step cutting file from the Silhouette Plus forum and a Snowman rubber stamp from Great Impressions. For more info and a supply list, please visit my blog at stampingatthelake.blogspot.com/2012/07/christmas-in-july....

'Step Cutting on Ice Face, Tasman Glacier, New Zealand'. Photograph of two men step cutting on the ice face of the Tasman Glacier, New Zealand in the late 19th or early 20th century.

The full LUNA record for this item is here: images.is.ed.ac.uk/luna/servlet/detail/UoEgal~6~6~121592~...

© The University of Edinburgh Library

Arthur Helsby served on the RAF Leuchars MRT in 1956 and 57 during which time he took part in a number of callouts and numerous weekend training camps-all under canvas as was the norm then. He kindly shared these photos from his time on the team.

Second batch of specifications :

 

- Compression straps on both side

- Must carry two bike polo mallets

- Additional internal 3D pocket

- Visible ( Red cordura )

- Extra waist belt

 

Second step : cutting all pieces and selecting hardware

on Sunday 20th April Craftivst Sarah Corbett and Climate Rushette Tamsin Omond went on a train journey to make some carriage petitions and make a short instructions video on their current joint project Railway Adventure with the help of a photographer and filmmaker. Here are some images of that fun day out. Edited film should be out by the end of March 2011 and found on railwayadventure.wordpress.com/