View allAll Photos Tagged Step-wisely
UPDATE: I think I finally discovered the actual species. According to this excellent site, it looks like it's a Cotton Harlequin Bug (Tectocoris diophthalmus).
I've never seen one of these before and apparently it's a Harlequin Beetle. I can't find much information or even the botanical name for it, so I did a search for quotes that referred to harlequins.
Imagine my delight when I found a quote from Battlestar Galactica! Here's the quote in full from Wikiquote:
Hybrid: Two protons expelled at each coupling site creates the mode of force, the embryo becomes a fish though we don't enter until a plate, we're here to experience, evolve the little toe, atrophy, don't ask me how, I'll be dead in a thousand light years, thank you, thank you, genesis turns to its source, reduction occurs step wise though the essence is all one, end of line. FTL system check. Diagnostic functions within parameters repeats the harlequin, the agony exquisite, the colors run the path of ashes...
It's that time of year again for the Fall color photography.
This is a picture we took last October in the Cullasaja Gorge. Our first stop was the Cullasaja Gorge near Highlands of western North Carolina where several decent waterfalls are located. It was slightly past the peak colors when we arrived there but still good enough for great photos. Although it was our first time to be there, we could immediately tell upon arrival that it is would be a very photogenic place to produce great images for us.
After spent about 1 hour photographing Dry Falls, we descended into the steep creek somewhere downstream for some intimate photo opportunities. All was so pleasant and refreshing to be at the bottom of the Gorge with brilliant Fall colors, running step-wise cascades, and the tranquility and solitude we had to ourselves. Normally we take stream/creek photos in upstream direction, this time we shot the subject downstream to best reflect our interpretation of "flow into Fall" at the scene. Thanks for stopping by and hope you enjoy!
We haven't posted any new photos for a while and now it is time to update with new photos. We were just back from our scheduled southeast Fall colors trip and are slowly post-processing images. The first patch of images were from our 10 day trip to the Blue Ridge south of Asheville of North Carolina and the Great Smoky Mountains Nation Park during mid to late October.
Out first stop was the Cullasaja Gorge near Highlands of western North Carolina where several decent waterfalls are located. It was slightly past the peak colors when we arrived there but still good enough for great photos. Although it was our first time to be there, we could immediately tell upon arrival that it is would be a very photogenic place to produce great images for us.
After spent about 1 hour photographing Dry Falls, we descended into the steep creek somewhere downstream for some intimate photo opportunities. All was so pleasant and refreshing to be at the bottom of the Gorge with brilliant Fall colors, running step-wise cascades, and the tranquility and solitude we had to ourselves. Normally we take stream/creek photos in upstream direction, this time we shot the subject downstream to best reflect our interpretation of "flow into Fall" at the scene. Thanks for stopping by and hope you enjoy!
Heart Felt Friday Fun and Easy Landscape Challenge #FunAndEasyLandscape #Step-wisely #ArtChallenge @ZebraPenUS @StillmanAndBirn
lifeimitatesdoodles.blogspot.com/2018/01/heart-felt-frida...
On using Basic Shapes in your Fantasy Landscape Step-wisely
- lifeimitatesdoodles.blogspot.com/2017/06/basic-shapes-fan...
Heart Felt Friday Fun and Easy Landscape Challenge #FunAndEasyLandscape #Step-wisely #ArtChallenge @ZebraPenUS @StillmanAndBirn
lifeimitatesdoodles.blogspot.com/2018/01/heart-felt-frida...
One example of using roads to lead the eye and get the feeling you want in your fantasy landscape drawing. The full tutorial can be found at lifeimitatesdoodles.blogspot.com/2017/06/three-roads-fant...
Fantasy Landscape Step-out. For a full list and links to Fantasy Landscape Step-outs, Step-by-steps, Step-wiselys and guide rules go to my blog-http://lifeimitatesdoodles.blogspot.com/p/blog-page.html
On using Basic Shapes in your Fantasy Landscape Step-wisely
- lifeimitatesdoodles.blogspot.com/2017/06/basic-shapes-fan...
For a full list and links to Fantasy Landscape Step-outs, Step-by-steps, Step-wiselys and guide rules go to lifeimitatesdoodles.blogspot.com/p/blog-page.html
Touching Lines Versus Overlapping Fun and Easy Landscape Step-wisely #FunAndEasyLandscape #DrawingTutorial #ArtLesson
lifeimitatesdoodles.blogspot.com/2017/09/touching-lines-v...
On using Basic Shapes in your Fantasy Landscape Step-wisely
- lifeimitatesdoodles.blogspot.com/2017/06/basic-shapes-fan...
On using Basic Shapes in your Fantasy Landscape Step-wisely
- lifeimitatesdoodles.blogspot.com/2017/06/basic-shapes-fan...
On using Basic Shapes in your Fantasy Landscape Step-wisely
- lifeimitatesdoodles.blogspot.com/2017/06/basic-shapes-fan...
On using Basic Shapes in your Fantasy Landscape Step-wisely
- lifeimitatesdoodles.blogspot.com/2017/06/basic-shapes-fan...
From an internal courtyard of architect Charles Correa's Jawahar Kala Kendra in Jaipur, built in 1993.
During rest, the proboscis (equated to a "tongue", a tube-like feeding structure) remains coiled tightly against the head; however, when the butterfly feeds, the proboscis unfurls via muscular contraction and a hydraulic, step-wise mechanism
Kleiner Schillerfalter (Apatura ilia f. clytie) mit seinem so wunderschön eingerollten Saugrüssel
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Babenhausen 28AUG2019 – Lesser Purple Emperor Butterfly:
This male Apatura ilia form clytie butterfly flew onto my shoe! And as if that were not amazing enough, as it turned, its color changed from 42 shades of ordinary brown to become iridescent blue!
Billions of tiny scales – in 2 types – on the dorsal wing overlap like roof tiles and cover the membrane surface, to the naked eye appearing as dust, producing a brilliant color due to multilayer photonic crystal micro- and nanostructure, transforming a plain brownish hue to a stunning violet-blue, a phenomenon used to attract mates, camouflage, and startle predators: wingtop color changes in the wake of the variation of the incident light angle.
Even though this is the first time I've identified it, the Lesser Purple Emperor butterfly's range, the Palearctic [Palaearctic] (first identified in the 19th century and still used as the basis for zoogeographic classification), is the largest of the eight biogeographic realms on the Earth's surface, stretching across Europe, Asia north of the Himalayan foothills, North Africa, and northern and central parts of the Arabian Peninsula.
Hope you enjoy the 26% of 61 butterfly photos I took this day!
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– Album – Germany – 26AUG-11SEP2019:
Three days before leaving, I got my schedule rearranged to free up time for Joe & me to spend two weeks in and around Babenhausen!
This image started as a macro photo of the back of a conical seashell that had a step-wise spiral extending into the apex of the shell. This rendition used the Fractalis plug-in, NIK ColorEfex 4, and dodging/burning to achieve the final image. This digital artwork was processed to the MAX! The starting photo can be found in this photo stream at: www.flickr.com/photos/one-candle/9518230165/in/datetaken/
It's amazing what you can buy on Amazon. This photo was originally taken for a challenge on the elements, hence the description that follows. The wine glasses serve to insulate 7500V from the countertop to prevent carbon tracking for which I'd truly be in the dog house.
When a pure element is heated, individual colors are produced. This puzzled many as more commonly when an object was heated it first glowed red, then yellow, then white. However, for a pure element, the colors remained constant regardless of temperature. In 1885, Johann Balmer showed that hydrogen’s colors of violet, blue, aqua and red fit a simple equation with only step-wise integers in its denominator, and this became known as the Balmer Series. It was accurate, but no one understood why.
In 1899, Max Planck postulated that colors exist at quantized energies, E = h/(color wavelength, λ), where h became Planck’s Constant. For this, Planck received the Nobel Prize in 1919.
In 1913, Niels Bohr proposed a model for the hydrogen atom that explained its colors under the assumption that electrons exist in orbitals with only certain allowed radii. We now know that they’re not circular but instead regions of probability – hydrogen’s looks like concentric balls with three fuzzy Q-tips poking out – but the analogy holds. For this, Bohr received the Nobel Prize in 1922.
So, when an electron falls from a higher energy orbital to a lower energy orbital, the difference is given off as light whose color is defined by Planck’s Equation, ΔE = h/λ, ΔE being the difference in energy between orbitals.
This also works in reverse, energy always being conserved, as inputted light causes electrons to jump to a higher energy orbital, the color associated with the change absorbed, and with our eyes or camera we only see the colors that were rejected and not absorbed.
We can thank the element hydrogen for initially perplexing great minds, for our understanding of how and why the world has color as we see it, and for the birth of Quantum Physics.
Canon FD 100mm f/4 macro, taken at f/32
Die im Barock geplanten WasserkaskDie im Barock geplanten Wasserkaskaden wurden nie verwirklicht, geblieben ist eine abgetreppte Rasenfläche auf dem Hang, gesäumt von Skulpturen aus der Werkstatt von Balthasar Permoser (Originale durch Kopien ersetzt).
The water cascades planned in the Baroque era were never realised. Instead the hill slope, already arranged step-wise for the cascade, was covered with grass. Statues made by the studio of the famous sculptor Balthasar Permoser accompany on both sides what should have been the water channel.
Schwerin is the capital of the Land (State) of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. It is the oldest city of that region, having gained city rights as early as 1160. From 1385 to 1918 it was residence city of the Dukes of Mecklenburg or the rulers of partial duchies following inheritance divisions (since 1701 Dukes and since 1815 Grand Dukes of Mecklenburg-Schwerin).
Schwerin Palace houses the state parliament of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Other parts of the impressive building are open to visitors as a museum. Situated on a island in Lake Schwerin, the Palace, as we see it now, is the result of more than 1.000 years of architectural transformations, starting with a fortified castle built about 965. In subsequent centuries it was constantly enlarged.
From 1845 to 1857 the old Palace was thoroughly transformed and rebuilt in the style of romantic Historicism, inspired visibly by the Château of Chambord in France, but preserving the Gothic chapel and parts of the older Renaissance Palace.aden wurden nie verwirklicht, geblieben ist eine abgetreppte Rasenfläche auf dem Hang, gesäumt von Skulpturen aus der Werkstatt von Balthasar Permoser (Originale durch Kopien ersetzt)
From this spot on Yellowstone's East Entrance Road (US Highway 20) you can peer over the edge to view the remains of the Corkscrew - AKA Spiral, or Loop - Bridge. This engineering feat, now more than 100 years old, made it possible to get wagons and accommodate early powered vehicles up and down Sylvan Pass by turning on itself step-wise up the grade. It was made of stone, concrete, and logs and other wooden supports. As in this photo, in places it is elevated above ground, or tunnels under ground through arches, or runs at ground level.
Exposure and development according to the method of Mortensen.
Kentmere 100 (Agfaphoto APX 100) @ ISO 250
510-Pyro 1+250, 95 minutes. The first 5 minutes agitated continuously, then once only after 45 minutes.
Fomatone MG Classic 132
Best for Mortensen negatives is a two-bath developer in order to boost contrast in the shadows and to tame the highlights.
bath A: Moersch Easy Lith 20 + 20 + 1000 in dest. water
(this is for the shadows only and gives you a very graphic picture with no mid tones at all)
bath B: Moersch Catechol 1+200 in dest water
(this works in the mid tones and highlights only)
To find out the proper exposure time with white light ~ grade 2.5 I started with an overexposure of +1.5 f-stops adding 0.5 f-stops step wise.
bath A: 6 mts. until the shadows closed in the back.
bath B. 3 mts. until the the highlights showed up texture @ +1.5 f-stops
I decided for +3 f-stops where the blacks in the back were still clearly distinguishable from the upper part of the head.
Bath A again 6 mts.
Bath B now until the glittering highlights started to close.
From this spot on Yellowstone's East Entrance Road (US Highway 20) you can peer over the edge to view the remains of the Corkscrew - AKA Spiral, or Loop - Bridge. This engineering feat, now more than 100 years old, made it possible to get wagons and accommodate early powered vehicles up and down Sylvan Pass by turning on itself step-wise up the grade.It was made of stone, concrete, and logs and other wooden supports. As in this photo, in places it is elevated above ground, or tunnels under ground through arches, or runs at ground level.
The Museums Annex was part of the old Homeopathic hospital, and was the building for children. No elevator, but the stairs are wide, and there was a dumbwaiter (which I forgot to photograph) to deliver whatever.
Exposure and development according to the method of Mortensen.
Kentmere 100 (Agfaphoto APX 100) @ ISO 250
510-Pyro 1+250, 95 minutes. The first 5 minutes agitated continuously, then once only after 45 minutes.
Fomatone MG Classic 132
Best for Mortensen negatives is a two-bath developer in order to boost contrast in the shadows and to tame the highlights.
bath A: Moersch Easy Lith 20 + 20 + 1000 in dest. water
(this is for the shadows only and gives you a very graphic picture with no mid tones at all)
bath B: Moersch Catechol 1+200 in dest water
(this works in the mid tones and highlights only)
To find out the proper exposure time with white light ~ grade 2.5 I started with an overexposure of +1.5 f-stops adding 0.5 f-stops step wise.
bath A: 6 mts. until the shadows closed in the back.
bath B. 3 mts. until the the highlights showed up texture @ +1.5 f-stops
I decided for +3 f-stops where the blacks in the back were still clearly distinguishable from the upper part of the head.
Bath A again 6 mts.
Bath B now until the glittering highlights started to close.
A taste-some delectable dessert which is commonly made in Andhra Muslim Weddings with step-wise pictures @ Yummy Food
Swimming adventkranz with ducks
Surprisingly, we found more snow at the Myra-Waterfalls this January than anyplace we've visited in the holidays this far. And a wonderworld of ice and hoarfrost - an ice special coming soon!
That's the same shot I had for the Three Kings' Day last year: time to say goodbye to the long holidays and pack away the Christmas lights. The days are going to grow longer "a cock's-step-wise" - kukesammu võrra - as we say in Estonian.
Üllataval kombel leidsime me Myra koskede juures eest rohkem lund kui kusagil mujal oma selle jaanuari sõitudel. Ja tõelise jää ja härmatise võlumaailma, millest on loomulikult oodata pikka seeriat.
Sama pärja pilt oli mul väljas ka möödunud aasta kolmekuningapäeval - aeg on pikkade pühadega tasapisi hüvasti jätta ja jõulutuled kokku pakkida järgmist aastat ootama. Päevad hakkavad ju kukesammukese võrra valgemaks minema ...
Lubatud soe tuul tänaseks veel Alam-Austriasse ei jõudnud, aga pääsu sellest pole: ilmaennustuse kohaselt tulevad kaks järgmist jaanuarinädalat temperatuuridega kergelt kuni tugevalt üle nulli. Niru tavatalv niisiis.
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During Moharram in Jamalpur – taking a break from setting up a drink stand for the tazia procession.
Friday Fun & Easy Landscape Challenge- Gleam Step-Wisely #Fun&EasyLandscapes #DrawingTutorial #ArtChallenge #StepWisely #LedaArtSupply @LedaArtSupply lifeimitatesdoodles.blogspot.com/2018/05/friday-fun-easy-...
"Just take one step, that will conquer your fear..."
*Sciophobia - Fear of shadows
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This book concludes our tandem edition on Recombination and Meiosis. Subtitled Models, Means and Evolution, it follows its first-born twin with emphasis on Crossing-Over and Disjunction. In the commissioning of chapter topics we have tried to cover numerous aspects of the meiotic system from many different angles. Both these books are embedded as volumes 2 and 3 in a topical Series devoted to Genome Dynamics and Stability, where DNA transmission and maintenance functions are discussed from experimental and theoretical perspectives. The earlier vol. 1 dealt with Facets and Perspectives of Genome Integrity, focusing on DNA damage repair mechanisms, and an upcoming vol.4 is on transposable elements. These books on meiotic processes, together with other volumes in this Series on genome management in mitotic cells, provide a grass-roots level starting platform—initiating a prospective trajectory superimposable upon the exploding field of molecular cell physiology, or systems biology (see below). The preceding volume preferentially dealt with meiotic processes in multicellular organisms, such as plants and animals including man. Also, basic accomplishments from work on yeasts was presented in a comparative perspective—concerning the decisive roles of Spo11-induced breaks for crossing-over, of sister chromatid cohesion in chromosome disjunction, and cell cycle modulation in the global control of the meiotic program. The present book puts additional focus on yeasts as unicellular model organisms, where progress in revealing the mechanisms of meiotic recombination has taken place most rapidly and systematically. Also, a central aspect of genetic recombination in E. coli is included for its outstanding merits as a universal model. Furthermore, three facets of evolutionary relevance are also discussed. As for the models and means of meiotic recombination, two prominent and comprehensive chapters call for particular attention. Inasmuch as theoretical interpretations of empirical data about the exchange of genetical markers in successive generations has long preceded their biochemical elucidation,James E.Haber gives expert guidance on a veritable tour de force, presenting the Evolution of Recombination Models frompurely genetic crosses into the molecular era. He follows the historical record from simplistic breaking/joining schemes to break-induced replication, from suspected single-strand breaks to partner choice by single-strand annealing, and from the generation of double-strand breaks (DSBs) to their repair by the establishment and resolution of single or double Holliday junctions, and finally to DSB repair in the absence of crossing over accomplished through synthesis-dependent strand annealing that does not involve Holliday junctions. This scenic ride is aptly complemented from the enzymatic perspective, as displayed by Kirk T. Ehmsen and Wolf-Dietrich Heyer on the Biochemistry of Meiotic Recombination: Formation, Processing, and Resolution of Recombination Intermediates. These authors highlight the biochemistry of meiotic recombination, as more and more meiosis-specific enzymes have been added to the basic toolbox, which likewise is at work in mitotic cells (cf. GDS vol. 1, this Series). Overlapping with functions in replication and DSB repair these enzymes comprise topoisomerase, nuclease, recombinase, polymerase, and helicase activities, as well as single-strand stabilizing protein, a protective end-tethering complex and a range of modulating co-factors. The single most remarkable feature about the initiation of meiotic recombination is the deliberate and catalyzed introduction of numerous DSBs in the chromosomal DNA. Notably, the enzyme responsible for this pivotal and conserved activity is derived from a former topoisomerase (Spo11; Keeney, this SERIES), which as such had a cell-intrinsic function essential for the untangling of replication intermediates in every cell cycle. The total number of cuts is even larger than the number of effective crossovers later on2. The important question of how the sites to be cut are chosen in a given cell— among myriads of potentially equivalent sites that are ignored—is still one of the most vigorously pursued aspects of ongoing research. Foremost, the susceptible substrate for meiotic DSBs is not naked DNA, but DNA embedded in chromatin, as highlighted by Michael Lichten, in his chapter on Meiotic Chromatin—the Substrate for Recombination Initiation. The two yeasts compared for this traits how pronounced differences in the distribution of hotspot sites for DSB formation. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a fairly promiscuous DSB machinery can be assembled at about every stretch of accessible chromatin that has been opened up for other purposes, especially at activated promoter regions. Michael Lichten coins the term "opportunistic DSBs" for these phenomena, foremost in S. cerevisiae—differentiating meiotic DSBs from both lower
and higher degrees of sequence specificity: on one hand ionizing radiation induced DSBs,which occur with little sequence preference and without regard for chromatin structure, and on the other hand from the site-specific cuts of restriction-type endonucleases—or other nucleic acid transactions, such as transcription promotion, where both chromatinstructure and the recognition of DNA sequence elements contribute to specificity. Such opportunistic usage of promoter-modulated open chromatin can only in part explain the DSB pattern observed in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, where other determinants may play a significant, hotspot-specific role. Also to be determined by meiosis-specific chromatin organization, the assembly of and/or cleavage by the DSB machinery should not be all too promiscuous on a particular issue, in that at most one of two sister chromatids can become susceptible at any given site, whereas the other sister strand needs to be protected around the equivalent site. The molecular basis for this significant restriction still remains to be determined. After the meiosis-specific, Spo11-induced DSBs have been processed to protruding 3 ends, these single strands have to interact with the corresponding sequence on the homologous chromosome, in order to repair and seal the break by homologous recombination. In eukaryotes the crucial strand exchange reaction is catalyzed by RecA-like recombinases of the ubiquitous Rad51 family and/orthemeiosis-specificDmc1protein. As modeled by the most widely studied RecA recombinase of E.coli, Chantal Prévost, in herchapter on Searching for Homology by Filaments of RecA-Like Proteins, discerns their basic functions in the genome-wide search for complementary DNA strands so as to facilitate the initial strand exchange reaction in highly coordinated, helical DNA–protein filaments, which likewise are formed by the eukaryotic RecA homologs. Corresponding studies to the leading work on meiosis in S.cerevisiae have also been pursued in S.pombe,showing striking differences indetail at various levels. The most interesting aspects of this work are pointed out in two chapters specifically devoted to the fission yeast. For one thing, S. pombe belongs to the rather few organisms that have lost the ability to form synaptonemal complexes in meiotic prophase, which usually stands out as the most characteristic structural basis of bivalent synapsis. Instead, another conserved feature of canonical meiosis, the clustering of telomeres in the so-called bouquet arrangement, is vastly exaggerated in a series of nuclear movements, which in S. pombe facilitates a dynamical alignment
of homologous chromosomes from nuclear fusion throughout the entire prophase of meiosis (D.Q. Dingand Y. Hiraoka, this BOOK). Furthermore, the crossover mechanism itself is peculiar as well. Whilst many organisms including S. cerevisiae actually employ two partly overlapping crossover pathways, one of these pathways is entirely missing in S. pombe. Characteristically, the main recombinational intermediate in S.pombe consists of single Holliday junctions (G. Cromie and G.R.Smith, this BOOK), whilst earlier results on S. cerevisiae had suggested double Holliday junctions as the canonical model. The species-oriented chapter by Gareth Cromie and Gerald R. Smith, on Meiotic Recombination in S. pombe: A Paradigm for Genetic and Molecular Analysis,was published Online FirstinJune2007. At thatrelatively early date, most of their extensive data on DSB hotspot distribution in S. pombe were mentioned in brief as unpublished results. These significant data are now more fully discussed, as mentioned above, in Michael Lichten’s comparative chapter—with due reference to their recent publication in the mean time (Cromie et al. 2007). Unfortunate as such asynchrony appears to be, this is a price to pay for the advantages of Online First publication for the individual chapters as they are being completed—with a spread of Online First dates up to a year per book in such a series. Three evolutionary topics relating to meiosis have been selected to conclude this book: the putative origin of the meiotic system, the confinement of meiosis to the germline in animals, and the abandonment of meiosis in relatively few eukaryotic lineages, some of which are remarkably persistent on the evolutionary time scale—capable of lasting for millions of years. At the dawn of genetics, crossing-over and meiosis had been considered very much the same, but the early view of apparent congruence between the two phenomena has long since been abandoned. Instead, genetic recombination as such has proved to have much earlier and more fundamental roles than the complex and highly integrated pattern of mainstream meiosis, of which crossing-over has become the most characteristic ingredient. In short, homologous DNA recombination has directly co-evolved with faithful replication (see R. Egel and D.Penny, thisBOOK), clearing physical damageand/or broken replication forks as they arise (C. Rudolph, K.A. Schürer, and W. Kramer, GDS vol. 1, this Series)—potentially in each cell cycle of prokaryotes and eukaryotes alike. Of more sporadic occurrence, on the other hand, meiosis only happens once per generation,or life cycle—whatever meaning may be attached to these derived terms for unicellular organisms (see below). N.B., bacteria and archaea are proficient in recombinational repair of DSB damage to their DNA, but meiosis is missing altogether. In multicellular organisms, the meanings of generation and lifecycle are evident, and the complex inter-relationship of germline development and maintaining sexuality in animals and plants was already recognized by Charles Darwin and August Weissmann by the end of the 19th century. In his chapter on The Legacy of the Germ Line—Maintaining Sex and Life in Metazoans: Cognitive Roots of the Concept of Hierarchical Selection, Dirk-Henner Lankenau follows the germline concept to its historical roots, and he addresses the multiple levels of selective evolution related to this concept. Also, he fathoms Weismann’s prescient usage of germ plasm in its original meaning that nowadays has been replaced by genes and genomes—and he sketches a tie to modern frontiers, discussing the so-called nuage as a germline-specific germplasm organelle of multiple RNA processing, where a suspended term is thus revived in new guises. A hallmark of meiosis is the production of recombinant offspring, efficiently scrambling the parental genotypes. The overwhelming majority of taxonomic groups throughout eukaryotes show proficiency of meiosis, at least to begin with. Higher plants and animals would probably never have originated without the evolutionary thrust empowered by meiosis. Yet, sexual propagation including meiosis has been lost repeatedly in evolution, although major evolutionary innovations have never sprung from such secondarily asexual lineages. Hence, asexual lineages of relatively ancient origins can serve as virtual mirrors to reflect the evolutionary importance of meiosis in the remaining majority of animals and plants, as thoroughly discussed by Isa Schön, Dunja K.Lamatsch,
and Koen Martens in their chapter on Lessons to Learn from Ancient Asexuals. To single out a particular highlight, the purging of deleterious mutations by a meiotic recombination appears to be remarkably effective—readily compensating for the low mutation rates observed. As for the inferred origin of the meiotic system, this does not only far predate the emergence of multicellular animals, fungi and plants—it even dates back before the last common ancestor of all the eukaryotic phyla known today (LECA). As canonical meiosis, therefore, is a common heritage to all eukaryotes, there are no comparative cues among different lineages living today from which by parsimony to deduce a likely order of step-wise additions to the basic toolbox of meiotic mechanisms. On the other hand, the meiotic system is so complex in its widely conserved pattern, that its instantaneous invention from scratch appears unlikely. Against this rather uninformative backdrop, Richard Egel and David Penny, in their chapter On the Origin of Meiosis in Eukaryotic Evolution, propose a possible series of incremental steps towards meiosis, each of which could have added some selective advantage on its own. This series may well have started before the mitotic division system had been perfected to its present fidelity, e.g. when telomere-directed chromosome movements may have preceded the establishment of centromeres. Hence their hypothesis is subtitled Coevolution of Meiosis and Mitosis from Feeble Beginnings. A likely driving force to establish a proto-meiotic system—alternating with proto-mitotic nuclear division—is seen in maintaining a periodically needed dormancy program, so as to protect it against the accumulation of dormancy-deficient mutations at the higher error load presumed in early evolution. This is in line with the common correlation between meiosis and the formation of dormant spores or cysts in extant microbial eukaryotes. In a certain sense, therefore, a single generation in the life cycle of unicellular eukaryotes would last from one stage of encystment or sporulation to the next. With the commissioning and presentation of the various chapter topics on the genomic aspects of the meiotic system we hope to have served a salient need for integrating basic knowledge gained from studying diverse genetic model organisms. Research on meiotic exchange and segregation mechanisms may appear more esoteric than the vast resources spent on understanding metabolism and growth in mitotic cells. While emphasis on the latter area is motivated by the numerical predominance of mitotic divisions, as well as the direct connection of mitotic cell divisions to the immense problems of cancerous growth in human disease, meiosis in its paucity is more secluded and its medical aspects are limited to less pressing problems, such as impaired fertility or Down-like syndromes (H.Kokotas,M.Grigoriadou,andM.B.Petersen, this Series). Also, a certain twist of hierarchy is undeniable: whilst endless perpetuation of mitotic divisions can be viable as an evolutionarily stable strategy, a contiguous series of several meioses is certainly not. In this sense meiosis will always be the subordinate companion of mitosis. At the conceptual level, however, the complexity of molecular mechanisms applying to meiosis far exceeds that of its mitotic counterpart. And for the continuity of generations in most eukaryotic forms of life, both meiosis and mitosis are complementary features of general and essential interest. Traditionally, the largest share of meiotic research has been focused on DNA exchange and related features, whereas the immense field of protein–protein interactions in the rewiring of the meiotic cell out of and back into the mitotic cell cycle stood in second place. The concluding chapter of the preceding volume specifically deals with these meiotic aspects of molecular cell physiology (L. Pérez-Hidalgo, S. Moreno, and C. Martin-Castellanos, this Series). As pioneered with yeasts, genome-wide expression studies have started with identifying all the genes upregulated in meiotic cells and sorting them into functional categories. This is a long way off fromknowing all their particular functions. To illustrate the scope of the barely charted field: of 4,824 annotated genes in S. pombe, 955 proteins contain coiled-coil motifs4; of these, 180 are upregulated before, during or after meiosis—21 exclusively so, but not expressed during mitosis (Ohtaka et al. 2007). The interactive potential of so many proteins is enormous, and the systemsbiology of meiosis has merely just begun. To form a link between both books on Recombination and Meiosis, the list of chapter titles in the preceding volume is included after the Contents table of this book. In fact, as some of the individual chapters already had been published Online First, before the editorial decision to divide the printed edition into two books, the preliminary cross references had not yet accounted for the split. We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause, but the listing of all the chapter titles in both books should hopefully direct the reader to the proper destination. We would also like to point out that the missing chapter numbers are no neglect but reflect an obligatory compromise necessitated by publishing all manuscripts OnlineFirst immediately
after they have been peer-reviewed, revised, accepted and copy-edited (see, www.springerlink.com/content/119766/). We most cordially thank all the chapter authors for contributing to this topical edition of two accompanying books focusing on meiotic recombination. Without their expertise and dedicated work this comprehensive treatise would not have been possible. Receiving the incoming drafts as editors, we had the great privilege of being the first to read so many up-to-date reviews on the various aspects of meiotic recombination and model studies elucidating this ever-captivating field. Also, we greatly appreciate the productive input of numerous referees, who have assisted us in thriving for the highest level of expertship, comprehensiveness, and readability. We are again deeply indebted to the editorial staff at Springer. We would especially like to mention the editor Sabine Schwarz at Springer Life Sciences(Heidelberg), the deskeditor Ursula Gramm (Springer,Heidelberg),and the production editor Martin Weissgerber (le-tex publishing services oHG, Leipzig).
April 2008
Copenhagen, Richard Egel
Ladenburg, Dirk-Henner Lankenau
The Process of Creating Life: The Nature of Order , Book 2 An Essay of the Art of Building and the Nature of the Universe by Christopher Alexander
This is a very broad bandwidth book, these two pages cover a lot of emergent properties in nature, Alexander has produced a very important series of books, which go well beyond Architecture: A Pattern Language. Here is an image of some other of Alexanders's books
See Allexander Pattern Language website
On these two pages, the discussion covers:
Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction non-equilibrium thermodynamics, resulting in the establishment of a nonlinear chemical oscillator reaction
Similar vortices on Jupiter
Computer simulation, step-wise evolution of vortices from laminar stream flow.
Evolutionary tree of Hawaiian finches
Sequence of positions in the flight of a pigeon
i061707 007
Explore Jun 17, 2007 #315
I ALSO UPDATED the lock in the diagram which looks better than the one here! You can get Freehand 11 for diagramming here: ufile.io/ef6be (ver 11 upd included). Anything needed afterwards should be easy to find. Should be done in another 10 steps. YES diagramming tessellations step wise takes time
but it can be done.
Step-wise recorded photos teaching you how to make your idli-dosa batter rise well - Even during the winter season:
cooking.jingalala.org/2013/01/dosa-recipe-with-unfermente...
... Just 40 minutes North West of Pittsburgh is a wonder to behold.. If you are ever in the area of Pittsburgh, you should stop and see this wonderland. Step wisely, for there is danger on these slippery rocks. I imagine that I looked ninety years old, the way I was working my way to this spot.
Die im Barock geplanten Wasserkaskaden wurden nie verwirklicht, geblieben ist eine abgetreppte Rasenfläche auf dem Hang, gesäumt von Skulpturen aus der Werkstatt von Balthasar Permoser (Originale durch Kopien ersetzt).
The water cascades planned in the Baroque era were never realised. Instead the hill slope, already arranged step-wise for the cascade, was covered with grass. Statues made by the studio of the famous sculptor Balthasar Permoser accompany on both sides what should have been the water channel.
Schwerin is the capital of the Land (State) of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. It is the oldest city of that region, having gained city rights as early as 1160. From 1385 to 1918 it was residence city of the Dukes of Mecklenburg or the rulers of partial duchies following inheritance divisions (since 1701 Dukes and since 1815 Grand Dukes of Mecklenburg-Schwerin).
Schwerin Palace houses the state parliament of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Other parts of the impressive building are open to visitors as a museum. Situated on a island in Lake Schwerin, the Palace, as we see it now, is the result of more than 1.000 years of architectural transformations, starting with a fortified castle built about 965. In subsequent centuries it was constantly enlarged.
From 1845 to 1857 the old Palace was thoroughly transformed and rebuilt in the style of romantic Historicism, inspired visibly by the Château of Chambord in France, but preserving the Gothic chapel and parts of the older Renaissance Palace.
Aren't they beautiful. Made from origami paper.
Visit Craft Ideas For All for detailed step wise instructions.
One of my favourite views of Traprain Law. We’d had a quiet new year. I’d gone to bed around 22:30 on Hogmanay. I’ve never been a great enthusiast for new year. By the time Christmas has come and gone, I’m thinking, enough! Despite this, we had a pleasant afternoon at friends on New Year’s Day. A languorous long lie this morning, reading. The hard frost overnight persuading me that an outing on the bike would be ill-advised. Hil and Rachel went for swim in sea off Whitesands, returning home with contemptible vigour. I’d spent the time more productively in bed, dipping alternately into a kindle trash novel (I seem to be stuck in an early 19th century military history groove) and more demanding subscription news and comment feeds.I eventually crawled out of bed for a late roast tomato and bagel breakfast, by which time the kids had disappeared down the A1 in the truck to Barter BooKs in Annick. Hil assures me that I’d abandoned them there at a tender age whilst attending a site visit somewhere in the murky depths of Northumberland. I’ve no such recollection of such irresponsible parenting, but it seems that wilful neglect is not without its longer-term benefits. Anyway, eventually Hil and I agreed on a walk (seems everything is by step/wise negotiation) - a simple walk up Traprain Law from the house (about six miles and 200m of mostly gentle ascent). It’s chief attraction is that it only takes 2 hours, straight from the front door, mostly on well found paths and affords generous views over the Lothian Plain, south towards the Lammermuirs , and north across the Firth to Fife (the Kingdom of). Gradually gaining the western ridge (appropriately gentle given my slightly delicate condition) the sun-infused air was cold, clear and possessing exceptional visibility. The Lomond hills of Fife were clear of snow, but more distant smudges of white further north could only have been the Angus Glens. The promise of the North. The descent off the Traprain ‘tourist’ path was rock hard frozen turf in the best Scottish tradition, but with only a few icy patches requiring care. By contrast, the low horizontal sun had not reached the treacherous slopping slabs of frozen water ice on the Hailes road, lurking malevolently in the perpetual shade cast by the now stripped bare hawthorn hedging. Seems indolent lying in bed, is sometimes the wiser course.