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Brief History of Norfolk as a Penal Settlement.
As noted previously Norfolk was settled to provide flax fibre rope, flax sails and tree masts from Norfolk Island pine trees and also because it was uninhabited. It was also an island paradise with rich volcanic soils. Its only major drawback was its isolation and its lack of a good harbour. Its history falls into several phases.
Phase One- 1788-1814. This phase was run along the same lines as the settlement of Sydney. Both men and women convicts were quartered here. The women were to work making flax rope and sails and the men were to do the building, road making, land clearing, agriculture and stone masonry work. Some free settlers came too. The settlement was centred on Kingston (then called Sydney) and nearby Arthur’s Vale (watermill valley.) By 1806 the population had reached over 1,000 people. Then for financial reasons- the cost of sending supply ships from Sydney to Norfolk was too great- the evacuation of the island was ordered. Convicts and other settlers were moved to Van Diemen’s Land- hence the settlements there of New Norfolk and Norfolk Plains (later Longford.)
Phase Two- 1825-1855. This time the island was run as a total penitentiary for the worse offenders. There would be no escape from Norfolk Island. Conditions were harsh, severe and degrading. It was a place of extreme punishment. The worst commandant was Captain Turton. During the period 1840-44 conditions were slightly better. Free settlers were not encouraged to settle during this second phase but a few of the best behaved convicts were allowed to work small farms across the island. Massive government expenditure on the penitentiary meant that fine sandstone Georgian buildings were erected and like Port Arthur in Tasmania many of them still remain. A large prison was built in the 1840s, and the prison required large military barracks, large stores and Commissariat stores, officer headquarters, a large hospital etc and good quality homes for the prison and military officers on the island. Kingston remained the administration and shipping centre of the island.
Phase Three – 1856-. In the third phase some of the original stone buildings were dismantled or left to go to ruins. Some were burnt down or the stone re-used for other structures. But the major feature of this period was the introduction of 194 Pitcairn Islanders in 1856. Norfolk remained isolated and largely forgotten. At one stage the Governor of NSW (the British Crown representative in charge of the island) ordered that the Pitcairn Islanders could no longer reside in the former penal settlement buildings in Kingston. This was in 1908 just before the Commonwealth government took charge. The resentment of this change led to fires and some beautiful buildings being destroyed. In 1893 Norfolk got a telegraph office and an underwater cable link to the world via Canada. Soon it had a cable link to New Zealand and a cable station opened at Anson Bay in 1902. Once it became a territory of the new Australian federal government conditions improved a little. Shipping came irregularly but during World War Two the Australian government built an airstrip for defence reasons. Flights continued after the War and now the main linkage between Norfolk and Australia is by air. The federal government has also put more money into other facilities on the island including the Botanic Gardens, and all the restoration work at Kingston etc.
There’s something about a Sigur Rós performance that already feels like a world unto itself—slow-moving, tidal, luminous. Add a full orchestra to the equation, set it inside the Orpheum Theatre, and light the entire stage in a sea of red, and the whole night turns into a kind of sonic eclipse.
This moment lands right at that intersection where restraint meets scale. The orchestra forms a glowing arc around the band, each music stand catching the light like a constellation, while the conductor anchors the center with calm, deliberate gestures. The red wash radiates across the space, almost cinematic, deepening every silhouette and giving the performance an otherworldly charge. It’s a rare sight: classical instruments driving a swell that feels both intimate and enormous, familiar and strange, exactly the kind of contrast Sigur Rós thrives in.
From the crowd, you can feel the hush—an entire room suspended in one long breath, waiting for whatever comes next. The Orpheum, with all its history and ornamentation, becomes part of the instrument, its architecture catching and carrying the sound. A night where music doesn’t just fill the room—it shapes it.
Attended by hundreds of thousands each year to watch the magnificent sound and light shows, the legendary Sound and Light shows are presented at the sites of different monuments such as the world renowned Pyramids of Giza, Temples of Karnak, Philae and Abu Simbel; their historical and cultural significance are beyond any words or description. State-of-art technologies of lighting, laser shows and projection are used to visualize and bring to life the mysteries of the Pharaonic Egyptian civilization.
On the northwest side of the lake lies part of the fallen Obelisk of Hatshepsut, which shows its crowning, and a giant stone scarab made by Amenhotep III and dedicated to Khepri, a variation of the sun god.
Norfolk Island – an introduction.
By lunch time we will be settled into our accommodation on Norfolk Island. Norfolk Island is just five by eight kilometres and it was first discovered in 1774 by Captain James Cook on his second South Pacific voyage of exploration. Today the island is a territory of Australia, part of the Commonwealth but with a large degree of independence and self government. It is one of Australia’s eleven territories (Northern Territory; ACT; Jervis Bay; Christmas Island; Cocos Islands; Ashmore Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Antarctic Territories; Heard Island and Indian Ocean Islands.) Norfolk’s residents are not represented in the Australian parliament. It has its own stamps, flag governing body etc. The census of August 2011 recorded a population of 2,302 people. It has a constant influx of tourists as well with the island receiving about 12,000 visitors a year mainly from Australia.
The main population centres are in the middle of the island at Burnt Pine and Middlegate. The old convict settlement is on the coast at Kingston. The highest point is Mt Bates at 319 metres or 1,045 feet. Nearby by is Mt Pitt at just over 1,000 feet high and it is an old volcanic cone indicating the origins of Norfolk Island. Cook named it after the British Prime Minister William Pitt, Earl of Chatham and PM during the 1750s and again 1766-68. Norfolk Island is one of a series of volcanic islands on the top of the Lord Howe seamount or ridge which stretches from New Zealand to New Caledonia. The volcanic islands that emerge from the sea are New Zealand, Norfolk, Lord Howe and New Caledonia extending along a zone more than 1,600 kms in length. Near Norfolk the submarine trench is around 33,000 feet deep. Norfolk Island territory has two nearby uninhabited islands named Phillip and Nepean Islands and both are visible from Kingston. Approximately 10% of the island is a National Park centred round Mt Pitt and Mt Bates. There are 178 species of native plants on the island and 40 of these are unique to Norfolk. Norfolk Island Pine (Araucaria heterophylla) is still abundant. It can reach a height of over 150 feet. It constitutes the emblem on the Norfolk Island flag. The other endemic tree, now widely grown as an ornamental in Australia is the Norfolk Island Hibiscus (Lagunaria patersonii). The island also grows the Norfolk Island palm, many ferns, and a native passionfruit. The island has no mammals or amphibians, and only a couple of reptiles - a skink and a gecko. The coral formations around the island teem with marine life and are home to many tropical fish, eels, octopus, starfish etc. The island provides a good habitat for many local and migratory birds including the wedge-tailed shearwater, (Puffinus pacificus) whose moaning calls echo around the island at night!
Norfolk Island was the second settlement of the Australian region following the arrival of the British and their convicts at Sydney Cove. Just six weeks after arrival at Sydney Cove in 1788 some 23 free settlers, 15 convicts, and commandant Lieutenant Phillip Parker King landed on Norfolk. Several hundred more convicts and settlers were sent from Sydney to Norfolk in 1790. It was 14 years later that the third Australian settlement was made in Van Diemen’s Land (1804) at Hobart. Norfolk started out as part of NSW and later became part of Van Diemen’s Land. But after the closure of the convict settlement by the British government in 1855 on Norfolk they set the island aside for the people from Pitcairn Island and many Norfolk residents still dispute Australia’s control of Norfolk Island as an Australian territory. Britain has never regarded Norfolk Island as a separate British colony.
The old school text book explanation for the settlement of Norfolk Island is largely true. The British government wanted to access the New Zealand flax plants growing on the island ( Phormium tenax.) The NZ flax was not native but archaeologists believe Polynesians, probably Maoris, introduced flax to Norfolk Island about 600 to 800 years ago. (They introduced the common rat at the same time!) As a naval empire Britain needed supplies of flax rope and flax sails for its sailing fleets. At the time of the settlement of Norfolk Island (1788) Britain obtained its wooden masts from Nova Scotia and its hemp and flax from Russia. Britain wanted new supplies of both masts and rope and sails as they feared the relationship with Russia would be terminated. Because of these concerns Norfolk Island was settled early in 1788 and many female convicts were sent to Norfolk Island so that they could weave and sew the flax and rope. When the second lot of convicts went to Norfolk in 1790 there were 150 females aboard the ship but only 30 male convicts. But by the early 1800s the authorities realised that the convict women would not be able to produce much rope or cloth. Only one ship ever left Norfolk with locally produced sails. Additionally, the tall, straight Norfolk Island pines proved unsuitable for ship masts as the wood was too soft and lacked strength. Thus the commercial justifications for settling Norfolk as a penal settlement diminished. But the origins of Norfolk are fascinating. One of the 1790 ships taking convicts to Norfolk, the former flagship of the First Fleet to Botany Bay was shipwrecked near Kingston whilst unloading supplies. Hundreds of artifacts have been retrieved from the wreck of the Sirius, including three anchors and two carronades which are displayed in the Norfolk Island Museum. The loss of the Sirius left Sydney settlement with just one supply ship normally used to obtain flour from Cape Town.
Brief History of Norfolk as a Penal Settlement.
As noted previously Norfolk was settled to provide flax fibre rope, flax sails and tree masts from Norfolk Island pine trees and also because it was uninhabited. It was also an island paradise with rich volcanic soils. Its only major drawback was its isolation and its lack of a good harbour. Its history falls into several phases.
Phase One- 1788-1814. This phase was run along the same lines as the settlement of Sydney. Both men and women convicts were quartered here. The women were to work making flax rope and sails and the men were to do the building, road making, land clearing, agriculture and stone masonry work. Some free settlers came too. The settlement was centred on Kingston (then called Sydney) and nearby Arthur’s Vale (watermill valley.) By 1806 the population had reached over 1,000 people. Then for financial reasons- the cost of sending supply ships from Sydney to Norfolk was too great- the evacuation of the island was ordered. Convicts and other settlers were moved to Van Diemen’s Land- hence the settlements there of New Norfolk and Norfolk Plains (later Longford.)
Phase Two- 1825-1855. This time the island was run as a total penitentiary for the worse offenders. There would be no escape from Norfolk Island. Conditions were harsh, severe and degrading. It was a place of extreme punishment. The worst commandant was Captain Turton. During the period 1840-44 conditions were slightly better. Free settlers were not encouraged to settle during this second phase but a few of the best behaved convicts were allowed to work small farms across the island. Massive government expenditure on the penitentiary meant that fine sandstone Georgian buildings were erected and like Port Arthur in Tasmania many of them still remain. A large prison was built in the 1840s, and the prison required large military barracks, large stores and Commissariat stores, officer headquarters, a large hospital etc and good quality homes for the prison and military officers on the island. Kingston remained the administration and shipping centre of the island.
Phase Three – 1856-. In the third phase some of the original stone buildings were dismantled or left to go to ruins. Some were burnt down or the stone re-used for other structures. But the major feature of this period was the introduction of 194 Pitcairn Islanders in 1856. Norfolk remained isolated and largely forgotten. At one stage the Governor of NSW (the British Crown representative in charge of the island) ordered that the Pitcairn Islanders could no longer reside in the former penal settlement buildings in Kingston. This was in 1908 just before the Commonwealth government took charge. The resentment of this change led to fires and some beautiful buildings being destroyed. In 1893 Norfolk got a telegraph office and an underwater cable link to the world via Canada. Soon it had a cable link to New Zealand and a cable station opened at Anson Bay in 1902. Once it became a territory of the new Australian federal government conditions improved a little. Shipping came irregularly but during World War Two the Australian government built an airstrip for defence reasons. Flights continued after the War and now the main linkage between Norfolk and Australia is by air. The federal government has also put more money into other facilities on the island including the Botanic Gardens, and all the restoration work at Kingston etc.
Art installation of sound and light by Atelier Sisu display at the Padang during Light to Night Festival 2023.
Education on Norfolk Island.
Classes began for the children of the Pitcairn Islanders in the New Military Barracks in 1856 with a teacher from the local community. A school master was appointed in 1859. In 1906 the school moved to its current location from the New Military Barracks. This was just before the Federal government took over responsibility for Norfolk in 1908. The school now has a new Administration block which opened in 2004 and extensive grounds and playing fields. Current enrolment is around 300 students and 24 full time staff members. The school operates under the programs of the NSW Education Department financed by the government of Norfolk Island- the Assembly. Teachers are contracted for specific periods of time (up to five years) to Norfolk from the NSW Education Department. The school has three secondary classrooms and Year 11 courses began in 1992. From Year 8 students can start to learn Norfolk language. Year 12 students can do subjects by distance learning and they can also select subjects not offered in the school by this study mode in year 11. The principal is contracted for up to five years.
Norfolk Island Air Services.
The airport has two runways and around 800 aircraft movements each year. Its location makes it ideal for light aircraft flying around the Pacific as Norfolk Airport is within reach of New Zealand, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Lord Howe Island and Australia. The airport was serviced by two major airlines- Air New Zealand and Air Norfolk. Air Norfolk flights were operated by Our Airline (formerly Air Nauru). Aircraft were painted in Air Norfolk colours although owned and run by Our Airline. Flights linked Norfolk with Brisbane, Sydney, Newcastle and Melbourne. The Norfolk government decided in March 2012 to withdraw from the airline business since the downturn in tourist numbers folowing the Great Financial Crisis of 2008. The last Air Norfolk flight took off in March of this year. Air New Zealand took over these services but only to Brisbane and Sydney at this stage. They also fly to Auckland.
Norfolk Island exports seeds of Norfolk Island pine trees and Kentia palms and small quantities of avocadoes. Most of the other island produce is for the local market on the island. It also “exports” stamps as a major industry for the local economy.
Norfolk Island – an introduction.
By lunch time we will be settled into our accommodation on Norfolk Island. Norfolk Island is just five by eight kilometres and it was first discovered in 1774 by Captain James Cook on his second South Pacific voyage of exploration. Today the island is a territory of Australia, part of the Commonwealth but with a large degree of independence and self government. It is one of Australia’s eleven territories (Northern Territory; ACT; Jervis Bay; Christmas Island; Cocos Islands; Ashmore Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Antarctic Territories; Heard Island and Indian Ocean Islands.) Norfolk’s residents are not represented in the Australian parliament. It has its own stamps, flag governing body etc. The census of August 2011 recorded a population of 2,302 people. It has a constant influx of tourists as well with the island receiving about 12,000 visitors a year mainly from Australia.
The main population centres are in the middle of the island at Burnt Pine and Middlegate. The old convict settlement is on the coast at Kingston. The highest point is Mt Bates at 319 metres or 1,045 feet. Nearby by is Mt Pitt at just over 1,000 feet high and it is an old volcanic cone indicating the origins of Norfolk Island. Cook named it after the British Prime Minister William Pitt, Earl of Chatham and PM during the 1750s and again 1766-68. Norfolk Island is one of a series of volcanic islands on the top of the Lord Howe seamount or ridge which stretches from New Zealand to New Caledonia. The volcanic islands that emerge from the sea are New Zealand, Norfolk, Lord Howe and New Caledonia extending along a zone more than 1,600 kms in length. Near Norfolk the submarine trench is around 33,000 feet deep. Norfolk Island territory has two nearby uninhabited islands named Phillip and Nepean Islands and both are visible from Kingston. Approximately 10% of the island is a National Park centred round Mt Pitt and Mt Bates. There are 178 species of native plants on the island and 40 of these are unique to Norfolk. Norfolk Island Pine (Araucaria heterophylla) is still abundant. It can reach a height of over 150 feet. It constitutes the emblem on the Norfolk Island flag. The other endemic tree, now widely grown as an ornamental in Australia is the Norfolk Island Hibiscus (Lagunaria patersonii). The island also grows the Norfolk Island palm, many ferns, and a native passionfruit. The island has no mammals or amphibians, and only a couple of reptiles - a skink and a gecko. The coral formations around the island teem with marine life and are home to many tropical fish, eels, octopus, starfish etc. The island provides a good habitat for many local and migratory birds including the wedge-tailed shearwater, (Puffinus pacificus) whose moaning calls echo around the island at night!
Norfolk Island was the second settlement of the Australian region following the arrival of the British and their convicts at Sydney Cove. Just six weeks after arrival at Sydney Cove in 1788 some 23 free settlers, 15 convicts, and commandant Lieutenant Phillip Parker King landed on Norfolk. Several hundred more convicts and settlers were sent from Sydney to Norfolk in 1790. It was 14 years later that the third Australian settlement was made in Van Diemen’s Land (1804) at Hobart. Norfolk started out as part of NSW and later became part of Van Diemen’s Land. But after the closure of the convict settlement by the British government in 1855 on Norfolk they set the island aside for the people from Pitcairn Island and many Norfolk residents still dispute Australia’s control of Norfolk Island as an Australian territory. Britain has never regarded Norfolk Island as a separate British colony.
The old school text book explanation for the settlement of Norfolk Island is largely true. The British government wanted to access the New Zealand flax plants growing on the island ( Phormium tenax.) The NZ flax was not native but archaeologists believe Polynesians, probably Maoris, introduced flax to Norfolk Island about 600 to 800 years ago. (They introduced the common rat at the same time!) As a naval empire Britain needed supplies of flax rope and flax sails for its sailing fleets. At the time of the settlement of Norfolk Island (1788) Britain obtained its wooden masts from Nova Scotia and its hemp and flax from Russia. Britain wanted new supplies of both masts and rope and sails as they feared the relationship with Russia would be terminated. Because of these concerns Norfolk Island was settled early in 1788 and many female convicts were sent to Norfolk Island so that they could weave and sew the flax and rope. When the second lot of convicts went to Norfolk in 1790 there were 150 females aboard the ship but only 30 male convicts. But by the early 1800s the authorities realised that the convict women would not be able to produce much rope or cloth. Only one ship ever left Norfolk with locally produced sails. Additionally, the tall, straight Norfolk Island pines proved unsuitable for ship masts as the wood was too soft and lacked strength. Thus the commercial justifications for settling Norfolk as a penal settlement diminished. But the origins of Norfolk are fascinating. One of the 1790 ships taking convicts to Norfolk, the former flagship of the First Fleet to Botany Bay was shipwrecked near Kingston whilst unloading supplies. Hundreds of artifacts have been retrieved from the wreck of the Sirius, including three anchors and two carronades which are displayed in the Norfolk Island Museum. The loss of the Sirius left Sydney settlement with just one supply ship normally used to obtain flour from Cape Town.
My friend Mel standing in front of the aquarium projection - the projected image also covered her so it was as if she were camouflaged by it!
Combo ticket (entrance and driver) costs US$ 25.00
At sunset, my English Tour Leader picked me up at my Luxor Hotel / Nile Cruise for a fantastic 1 hour show at the large temple complex in Karnak. The show began when I walked down Sphinx Avenue, stopping at the imposing facade and entering the large court and the impressive hypostyle Hall of Columns. Walked through the complex a voice of the exploding pharaoh told the story of the rulers shared in the construction of Egypt's largest temple, over 2000 years of construction history and various additions left by such rulers; Tutankhamun, Ramses II and Queen Hatshepsut and the Greek and Roman rulers as well.
The second part of the Sound and Light Show began by finding its seat overlooking the sacred lake while the complex was illuminated and the history of Egypt continued.
Please note that while the show was suitable for all ages, the ground in and around Karnak is uneven, please wear comfortable, flat shoes. Upon completion, I was transferred back to my Luxor Hotel / Nile Cruise.
A wide panoramic view of the Pyramids, the Sphinx, and seating for the nightly sound & light show at Giza. I was actually standing on the curb on the right.
Cairo; March 2005
Nikon 4500 (Panorama stitched)
Chartres Cathedral
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Chartres Cathedral, also known as the Cathedral of Our Lady of Chartres (French: Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres), is a Roman Catholic church of the Latin Church located in Chartres, France, about 80 km (50 miles) southwest of Paris. The current cathedral, mostly constructed between 1194 and 1220, is the last of at least five which have occupied the site since the town became a bishopric in the 4th century. It is in the Gothic and Romanesque styles.
It is designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, which calls it "the high point of French Gothic art" and a "masterpiece".[2]
The cathedral has been well preserved. The majority of the original stained glass windows survived intact, while the architecture has seen only minor changes since the early 13th century. The building's exterior is dominated by heavy flying buttresses which allowed the architects to increase the window size significantly, while the west end is dominated by two contrasting spires – a 105-metre (349 ft) plain pyramid completed around 1160 and a 113-metre (377 ft) early 16th-century Flamboyant spire on top of an older tower. Equally notable are the three great façades, each adorned with hundreds of sculpted figures illustrating key theological themes and narratives.
Since at least the 12th century the cathedral has been an important destination for travelers. It remains so to the present, attracting large numbers of Christian pilgrims, many of whom come to venerate its famous relic, the Sancta Camisa, said to be the tunic worn by the Virgin Mary at Christ's birth, as well as large numbers of secular tourists who come to admire the cathedral's architecture and historical merit
Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres
La cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres est le monument emblématique du chef-lieu du département d'Eure-et-Loir, située à 80 kilomètres au sud-ouest de Paris. Elle est traditionnellement considérée comme la cathédrale gothique la plus représentative, la plus complète ainsi que la mieux conservée de France par ses sculptures, vitraux et dallage pour la plupart d'origine, bien qu'elle soit construite avec les techniques de l'architecture romane montrant ainsi la continuité et non la rupture entre ces deux types d'architecture.
L'actuelle cathédrale, de style gothique dit « classique », a été construite au début du XIIIe siècle, pour la majeure partie en trente ans, sur les ruines d'une précédente cathédrale romane, détruite lors d'un incendie en 1194. Grand lieu de pèlerinage, elle domine la ville de Chartres et la plaine de la Beauce, se dévoilant au regard à plus de dix kilomètres de distance.
L’édifice fait l’objet d’un classement au titre des monuments historiques par son recensement sur la liste de 18621. Par ailleurs, il est parmi les premiers monuments inscrits sur la liste du patrimoine mondial par l'UNESCO en 1979.
La Catedral de la Asunción de Nuestra Señora (en francés: Cathédrale de l'Assomption de Notre-Dame), es una iglesia catedralicia de culto católico bajo la advocación de Nuestra Señora en la ciudad de Chartres, en el departamento de Eure y Loir, en Francia, a unos 80 km al suroeste de la capital, París. Asimismo es la sede de la Diócesis de Chartres, en la Archidiócesis de Tours.
Esta catedral marcó un hito en el desarrollo del gótico e inició una fase de plenitud en el dominio de la técnica y el estilo gótico, estableciendo un equilibrio entre ambos. Es sumamente influyente en muchas construcciones posteriores que se basaron en su estilo y sus numerosas innovaciones, como las catedrales de Reims y Amiens a las que sirvió de modelo directo.
La figura más importante en la historia de esta diócesis fue el obispo Fulberto de Chartres, teólogo escolástico reconocido en toda Europa.
En 1979 fue declarada Patrimonio cultural de la Humanidad por la Unesco.
The Karnak Sound and Light Show highlights the dramatic history of ancient Thebes. The show narrates the achievements of some great Pharaohs, with poetic descriptions of the ancient treasures. As visitors walk through the complex of temples, pharaohs arise to tell the story of their interesting lives, as haunting music mysteriously flows through this ancient city. Ancient and poetic voices tell the visitors about the birth of Karnak temple and the heroic achievements of pharaohs and god Amun. It is an enchanting and supernatural experience to listen to sound effects and gaze at the magnificent ruins illuminated during the well-presented show.
It is one of the most important temples of the city of Luxor, its construction started in the reign of King Seti I, and was completed during the reign of King Ramses II. It is located three kilometers to the north of Luxor temple. it eas built for the worship of the sacred trinity of Tehbes, Amoun-Re, his Wife, Moot, and son.
It is considered the largest temples of the ancient world. Its construction began in the reign of the central state, about 2000 BC. At that time, it was not built at that level of magnitude, however, in the modern state, to which King Tut Ankh Amun and King Ramsis are affiliated, a magnificent temple was built on the ruins of this temple that embodied the magnitude of the Egyptian vast empire. During the following dynasties, each king added more to the temple as in adulation to gods and out of desire of getting popularity among the members of the people.
Some Important Historical People on Norfolk Island - Philip King and John Hunter. Philip Gidley King (1758-1808) travelled to Botany Bay with Governor Phillip on the Sirius before Phillip chose King to lead the first expedition to Norfolk Island in 1788. In 1789 King was appointed as Lieutenant Governor of Norfolk on a salary of £250 per annum. Before taking up this post King returned to London to advise the Colonial Office on problems with the Botany Bay and Norfolk Island settlements. King was further promoted whilst in London and he also married. By the time the newlyweds arrived in Norfolk Island a son, Phillip Parker King was born in November 1791. Governor Phillip wanted King to replace himself as governor of NSW but the Admiralty sent Governor Hunter instead. King stayed on Norfolk until 1800 when Major Foveaux replaced him as Lieutenant Governor. King then returned to Sydney as Governor of NSW. King was an able administrator in NSW as he had been on Norfolk Island. His term saw sheep flocks and free settlers increase, trades and whalers also increased in NSW. He also led the attack on liquor and the officers of the New South Wales Corp but he failed to stop the rum trade. He had many public buildings erected by convicts during his governorship. He had ongoing arguments and disagreements with MacArthur, the most influential free settler in the colony. Despite his good works Governor King improperly granted William Bligh 1,345 acres of land when Bligh arrived in 1806 to replace King as Governor of NSW and he also granted over 600 acres to his son Phillip Parker King. Governor King died shortly after his return to London in 1808. King had one legitimate son with his wife, Phillip Parker king and two other sons, called Norfolk and Sydney with a convict woman, Ann Inett on Norfolk Island in 1790/91. Both were cared for by King and both rose to be lieutenants in the navy. King also had four daughters in NSW and two remained as permanent settlers there. John Hunter (1737-1821) was the second Captain on the Sirius when it sailed to Botany Bay in 1787 with Governor Arthur Phillip and Philip King. Captain Hunter later took the Sirius with supplies to Norfolk when it was wrecked and sunk. Hunter was a respected naval officer, a publisher of scientific works and a skilled artist. He sketched and painted landscapes and birds and plants of Norfolk and NSW. In 1795 he took up the post of Governor of NSW replacing Governor Phillip. As Governor he gave his name to the river and valley he had drawn and detailed for the British Government to the north of Sydney- the Hunter Valley. Hunter realised the power of the New South Wales Corp need to be broken but he failed to act on this. He was recalled in 1799 and handed over the post of Governor of NSW to Phillip King in 1800. Hunter lived on until 1821. His gave reports and paintings of Australian animals to Joseph Banks and his art works are an important part of our national heritage. Add a description
The Saint Andrew Square Lumen installation uses slowly changing lights and sound among the trees of this green square in the middle of the Georgian era New Town, very peaceful and tranquil, which I think is part of the idea, not just to create a pretty sound and light show but make a spot where the stress and bustle of the city can drop away for a few moments of peace.
The Cathedral of Our Lady of Amiens (French: Cathédrale Notre-Dame d'Amiens), or simply Amiens Cathedral, is a Roman Catholic cathedral and seat of the Bishop of Amiens (currently Jean-Luc Bouilleret). It is situated on a slight ridge overlooking the River Somme in the administrative capital of the Picardy region of France, some 120 km north of Paris.
The cathedral is the tallest complete cathedral in France, its stone-vaulted nave reaching a height of 42.30 metres (138.8 ft) (surpassed only by the incomplete Beauvais Cathedral). It also has the greatest interior volume of any French cathedral, estimated at 200,000 cubic metres (260,000 cu yd). The cathedral was built between 1220 and c.1270 and has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1981.[5] Although it has lost most of its original stained glass, Amiens Cathedral is renowned for the quality and quantity of early 13th century Gothic sculpture in the main west facade and the south transept portal, and a large quantity of polychrome sculpture from later periods inside the building.
During the process of laser cleaning in the 1990s, it was discovered that the western façade of the cathedral was originally painted in multiple colours. A technique was perfected to determine the exact make-up of the colours as they were applied in the 13th century. Then, in conjunction with the laboratories of EDF (Electricity of France) and the expertise of the Society Skertzo, elaborate lighting techniques were developed to project these colours directly on the façade with precision, recreating the polychromatic appearance of the 13th century. When projected on the statues around the portals, the result is a stunning display that brings the figures to life. The projected colors are faint to photograph, but a good quality DSLR will provide excellent results as shown here.
Of course, the full magical effect can best be appreciated by direct viewing, accompanied by stirring music, which can be done at the Son et lumière on Summer evenings, during the Christmas Fair, and over the New Year.
(Source Wikipedia)
The Angels are Coming
The Angels are Coming, Sheffield Cathedral, Sheffield, South Yorkshire.
A sound and light show by Luxmuralis projected onto the walls of the Cathedral, inside and out.
I wasn't going to show this video, because it makes my photos look pretty pathetic (I will do better next year!), but it does need to be brought to life, so here it is : vimeo.com/377561166
Norfolk Second Phase Convict Era History.
Archaeological digs by the Australian National University and the well documented convict system allowed researchers to piece together the history of this phase. Their work resulted in Kingston, Arthur’s Vale Historic Area (KAVHA) being made a World Heritage site in 2010. Like Port Arthur on Van Diemen’s Land, Norfolk was reserved for the “worse of the worst “prisoners which usually meant they had been convicted twice of a crime. The crimes themselves were not especially heinous or bad and 88% had committed non-violent crimes against property. Many were kept in leg irons and chained together, but to where could they escape? They worked in the mill and building the roads and prisons and officers houses. The convicts built the Quality Row houses for the officers, the hospital, and the barracks for the troops, the store rooms, the Commissariat Store and the new model prison of the 1840s etc. The whole site is of world importance as it exemplifies the British Empire convict system on the early 1800s. It is also infamous for its inhumanity and the degrading way of treating convicts. The Federal Government started restoring and preserving this area in 1973.
This area contains many buildings historic and cultural significance including:
Government House (1829+);
the Old Military Barracks from 1829 (now the Legislative Assembly and Norfolk Island Court);
the Commissariat Store (now All Saints Church 1835) – the finest commissariat store left in Australia;
the New Military Barracks (now Norfolk Island Government Administration offices of 1836);
the nine houses that provided quarters for military and civil officers (1832-47);
the Prisoners' Barracks (1828-48) including the Protestant Chapel;
the New Prison (Pentagonal Prison) (1836-40 and 1845-57);
the ruins of the hospital (1829);
the Surgeon's Quarters and Kitchen (1827);
the Landing Pier (1839-47) and sea wall; and Beach store (1825);
the Settlement Guardhouse (1826),
the Crankmill (1827-38);
the Royal Engineer's office and stables (1850);
the Police Office, now boatshed (1828-29);
the Blacksmith's Shop (1846);
the Salt House (1847);
and the Windmill base (1842-43). The Cemetery (1825-present) has an outstanding collection of headstones and other remains dating from the earliest period of European settlement, including the first and second penal settlement periods. Many stone walls, wells, drains, building platforms, bridges, culverts, roads, quarry sites, and privies add to the archaeological evidence for Norfolk including the remains of Bloody Bridge. The remnant serpentine landscape is an outstanding example of colonial period attitudes to landscape design in Australia. When the Pitcairn Islanders arrived in 1856 they were housed in the former penal settlement buildings and houses. When the government evicted them in 1908 many of these structures were then destroyed by fire. Some have since been restored.
Some Important Historical People on Norfolk Island - Philip King and John Hunter. Philip Gidley King (1758-1808) travelled to Botany Bay with Governor Phillip on the Sirius before Phillip chose King to lead the first expedition to Norfolk Island in 1788. In 1789 King was appointed as Lieutenant Governor of Norfolk on a salary of £250 per annum. Before taking up this post King returned to London to advise the Colonial Office on problems with the Botany Bay and Norfolk Island settlements. King was further promoted whilst in London and he also married. By the time the newlyweds arrived in Norfolk Island a son, Phillip Parker King was born in November 1791. Governor Phillip wanted King to replace himself as governor of NSW but the Admiralty sent Governor Hunter instead. King stayed on Norfolk until 1800 when Major Foveaux replaced him as Lieutenant Governor. King then returned to Sydney as Governor of NSW. King was an able administrator in NSW as he had been on Norfolk Island. His term saw sheep flocks and free settlers increase, trades and whalers also increased in NSW. He also led the attack on liquor and the officers of the New South Wales Corp but he failed to stop the rum trade. He had many public buildings erected by convicts during his governorship. He had ongoing arguments and disagreements with MacArthur, the most influential free settler in the colony. Despite his good works Governor King improperly granted William Bligh 1,345 acres of land when Bligh arrived in 1806 to replace King as Governor of NSW and he also granted over 600 acres to his son Phillip Parker King. Governor King died shortly after his return to London in 1808. King had one legitimate son with his wife, Phillip Parker king and two other sons, called Norfolk and Sydney with a convict woman, Ann Inett on Norfolk Island in 1790/91. Both were cared for by King and both rose to be lieutenants in the navy. King also had four daughters in NSW and two remained as permanent settlers there. John Hunter (1737-1821) was the second Captain on the Sirius when it sailed to Botany Bay in 1787 with Governor Arthur Phillip and Philip King. Captain Hunter later took the Sirius with supplies to Norfolk when it was wrecked and sunk. Hunter was a respected naval officer, a publisher of scientific works and a skilled artist. He sketched and painted landscapes and birds and plants of Norfolk and NSW. In 1795 he took up the post of Governor of NSW replacing Governor Phillip. As Governor he gave his name to the river and valley he had drawn and detailed for the British Government to the north of Sydney- the Hunter Valley. Hunter realised the power of the New South Wales Corp need to be broken but he failed to act on this. He was recalled in 1799 and handed over the post of Governor of NSW to Phillip King in 1800. Hunter lived on until 1821. His gave reports and paintings of Australian animals to Joseph Banks and his art works are an important part of our national heritage. Add a description
This month Edinburgh has three different sound and light installations dotted around the New Town as part of the Lumen installation (running till early March each evening), on the Mound by the galleries, in the covered lane by the Assembly Rooms and Saint Andrew Square.
This one is my favourite of the three, the one on the Mound by the galleries. I posted a few pics of it last week, but I had friends through visiting the other night and we went round all three, so of course I took more pics. Very busy the other night, lots of people exploring it , most with huge, delighted smiles. This one is a sort of box shape filled with dangling strips of lights which pulse and change colour and brightness as the music plays, and you are encouraged to walk through them as they sway around you, surrounded by it all, it's really rather wonderful.
Norfolk Second Phase Convict Era History.
Archaeological digs by the Australian National University and the well documented convict system allowed researchers to piece together the history of this phase. Their work resulted in Kingston, Arthur’s Vale Historic Area (KAVHA) being made a World Heritage site in 2010. Like Port Arthur on Van Diemen’s Land, Norfolk was reserved for the “worse of the worst “prisoners which usually meant they had been convicted twice of a crime. The crimes themselves were not especially heinous or bad and 88% had committed non-violent crimes against property. Many were kept in leg irons and chained together, but to where could they escape? They worked in the mill and building the roads and prisons and officers houses. The convicts built the Quality Row houses for the officers, the hospital, and the barracks for the troops, the store rooms, the Commissariat Store and the new model prison of the 1840s etc. The whole site is of world importance as it exemplifies the British Empire convict system on the early 1800s. It is also infamous for its inhumanity and the degrading way of treating convicts. The Federal Government started restoring and preserving this area in 1973.
This area contains many buildings historic and cultural significance including:
Government House (1829+);
the Old Military Barracks from 1829 (now the Legislative Assembly and Norfolk Island Court);
the Commissariat Store (now All Saints Church 1835) – the finest commissariat store left in Australia;
the New Military Barracks (now Norfolk Island Government Administration offices of 1836);
the nine houses that provided quarters for military and civil officers (1832-47);
the Prisoners' Barracks (1828-48) including the Protestant Chapel;
the New Prison (Pentagonal Prison) (1836-40 and 1845-57);
the ruins of the hospital (1829);
the Surgeon's Quarters and Kitchen (1827);
the Landing Pier (1839-47) and sea wall; and Beach store (1825);
the Settlement Guardhouse (1826),
the Crankmill (1827-38);
the Royal Engineer's office and stables (1850);
the Police Office, now boatshed (1828-29);
the Blacksmith's Shop (1846);
the Salt House (1847);
and the Windmill base (1842-43). The Cemetery (1825-present) has an outstanding collection of headstones and other remains dating from the earliest period of European settlement, including the first and second penal settlement periods. Many stone walls, wells, drains, building platforms, bridges, culverts, roads, quarry sites, and privies add to the archaeological evidence for Norfolk including the remains of Bloody Bridge. The remnant serpentine landscape is an outstanding example of colonial period attitudes to landscape design in Australia. When the Pitcairn Islanders arrived in 1856 they were housed in the former penal settlement buildings and houses. When the government evicted them in 1908 many of these structures were then destroyed by fire. Some have since been restored.
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Art installation of sound and light by Atelier Sisu display at the Padang during Light to Night Festival 2023.
Descedants of the muntineers were moved by the British government from Pitcairn Island to Norfolk Island in the mid 1850s. They stil live on Norfolk Island.
Brief History of Mutiny of the Bounty and the Pitcairn Islanders on Norfolk.
It all began with the ship the Bounty setting out for Tahiti in 1787 to collect breadfruits and observe a transit of Venus. During the voyage out Captain William Bligh demoted the sailing master John Fryer and replaced him with Fletcher Christian beginning ill feeling between the crew. But their five month stay in Tahiti cheered the men up. They lived on shore, cohabitated with Tahitian women and got their bodies tattooed in the Tahitian style. The chiefs encouraged the crew to stay in Tahiti with their women. Bligh administered frequent floggings and castigated Fletcher Christian for not controlling the men better. The men did not want to leave but they did in April 1789. Near Tonga the crew mutinied led by Fletcher Christian and set Bligh and 18 men adrift in a small open boat. Amazingly Bligh and his men reached Timor still alive some 47 days later. The mutineers returned to Tahiti. The British Navy sent the SS Pandora out to Tahiti to find the mutineers in 1790. Fourteen of the original mutineers were taken on board the Pandora and it set sail for England, before being shipwrecked on the Great Barrier Reef. Like Bligh, these men and the captain of the Pandora sailed on to Timor in small boats.
Meantime Fletcher Christian and 9 other Europeans and 26 Tahitians and some children set sail in the Bounty for a safe haven in 1790. They eventually found Pitcairn Island and made it their home. Some of these mutineers in turn mutineer against Fletcher Christian and returned to Tahiti in 1794. The Tahitians killed Fletcher Christian and some of the other original British mutineers. It was 1808 before the remaining community of Pitcairn Islanders was found by the British Navy after an American ship visited the island previously. No action was taken by the British government and in 1825 the mutineers were granted amnesty. By then only 66 Pitcairn Islanders lived there but their water supply was low and they were short of food sources. They asked to be moved to Australia but this did not happen. Because they were facing famine some moved back to Tahiti in 1831 but many died of disease there and so some returned to Pitcairn in the same year. By 1848 Pitcairn population had reached 100 and just two years later it had reached 156 people. The island could not sustain that number and so in 1856 the Pitcairn Islanders were moved to the newly uninhabited island of Norfolk. Each family was given 50 acres of freehold land. The main family names of those who moved to Norfolk are Christian; Adams; Quintal; McCoy; Nobbs; Buffett.
But the Pitcairn Islander story did not finish there. Some were so homesick that a few returned in 1858 to Pitcairn and some more in 1864. These families still reside on Pitcairn Island which is a British colony. Back on Norfolk the Pitcairn Islanders were left very much to their own devices. Most of the island remained Crown land, under direct control of the Governor of NSW. Once the Commonwealth of Australia was formed in 1901 Norfolk by act of parliament became a federal territory administered by the federal government. Several more acts of have been passed in the last fifty years and the island now has much autonomy but despite the grievances of some Pitcairn Islanders it has always been a territory of Australia. After a long review which ended in 2006 it was decided that there would be no more self government changes and the islanders on Norfolk would pay income taxes for the first time. Norfolk has its own Legislative Assembly with 17 elected members. They elect a Speaker of their house and the head of the government is the Chief Minister as in other Australian territories. The Administrator is the equivalent of a state governor and chairs Executive Council just as state governors do. Australian laws apply in Norfolk. In June 2012 the government of Norfolk was forced to seek financial support from the Commonwealth as they have basically run out of money. I presume a drop in tourism from Australia has affected their island budget rather dramatically.
Sharing from my archives moments captured last summer in Ottawa ! If you wish to know more
about Sound and Light Show on Parliament Hill please visit www.ottawafestivals.ca/festival/film-media/sound-and-ligh...
Happy to share these moments captured at the Sound and Light show on Parliament Hill , Ottawa !
If you wish to know more about the show please visit www.ottawafestivals.ca/festival/film-media/sound-and-ligh...
Thanks for your Visit and gracious comments on my photos ! Have a Wonderful Weekend ! Friends !