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Art Deco administrative headquarters and library of the University of London on Malet Street, Bloomsbury. Said to be the inspiration for the Ministry of Truth in George Orwell's dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four.
Indiana Railroad SAHW notches up the SD90MACs out of Senate Ave to begin their run through downtown Indianapolis and into southern Indiana, usually this train has been running out of Epler Ave a few miles south of here instead of exiting the yard with the road crew on board due to track work occupying the main for most of the day around this area, but lately most of the ops have been becoming much more consistent allowing for more regular photos from this location (8/1/22).
The Senate
(With a portrait of King Willem II)
The Senate (Dutch: Eerste Kamer der Staten-Generaal or simply Eerste Kamer, literally "First Chamber", or sometimes Senaat) is the upper house of the States General, the legislature of the Netherlands. Its 75 members are elected on lists by the members of the twelve States-Provincial and three Caribbean electoral colleges for the Senate every four years, within three months of the provincial elections. All provinces and colleges have different electoral weight depending on their population.
Members of the Senate are part-timers who often hold other positions as well. They receive an allowance which is about a quarter of the salary of the members of the lower house. Unlike the politically more significant House of Representatives, it meets only once a week. Its members tend to be veteran politicians or part-time politicians at the national level, often having other roles.
It has the right to accept or reject legislative proposals but not to amend them or to initiate legislation. Directly after a bill has been passed by the House of Representatives, it is sent to the Senate and is submitted to a parliamentary committee. The committee decides whether the bill can be immediately put on the agenda of the full chamber or there should first be preparatory study of the, bill. If a bill is immediately put on the agenda of the full chamber, it is passed as a formality without a debate.
History
The first constitution of the modern Netherlands, passed in 1814, re-established a unicameral States General. As it became clear that the former Southern Netherlands would be added to the new United Kingdom of the Netherlands, a newly instituted constitutional commission was tasked with drafting a new constitution. The southern members of the constitutional commission pressed for a bicameral system because of the conviction that their nobility should be given a place in the legislature. While the northern members were not enthusiastic about the proposal, they agreed under the condition that nobility would not be a requirement for membership. The new constitution, which came into effect on 24 August 1815, thus provided for a Senate consisting of forty to sixty members appointed by the king for life. The list of the first appointees was published on 16 September 1815 and the newly appointed chamber was first assembled on 21 September 1815 in Brussels in a joint assembly with the House of Representatives. In its early years, the Senate functioned as a bulwark of the Crown (the king and his ministers). Its members, appointed by the king from among the "most significant of the country", were mostly confidants of the king who were often called upon to veto bills that displeased him. Such bills were usually private members' bills from the House of Representatives. The Senate remained in existence after the separation from Belgium in 1830, although its membership was halved to no fewer than twenty and no more than thirty members.
Much changed in the political sphere as a result of the Constitutional Reform of 1848, which introduced direct elections for the House of Representatives, which until then had been elected by the States-Provincial. The constitutional commission, under the chairmanship of Johan Rudolph Thorbecke, intended for the Senate to be directly elected as well, but the predominantly conservative House of Representatives blocked this, fearing that the two chambers would be too similar. Additionally, Senators were expected to judge bills with more independence and distance from daily politics, as a "chambre de reflection", which was deemed impossible when they would be forced to campaign for direct election.
It was therefore decided that the Senate would henceforth be elected by the States-Provincial. Its 39 seats were distributed among the provinces degressively proportional to population, and a third of its members would be elected for 9-year terms every three years using a majoritarian system. The position of the Senate and the criteria governing eligibility to stand for election were also among the changes. Monitoring the quality of legislation gradually came to be the main function of the Senate after 1848.
Source (and more info):
Representatives Hall, Vermont State House. There are thirty seats reserved for the Senate, used in joint sessions.
The undercroft of the University of London administrative HQ next to Russell Square.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate_House,_London
An HDR composition.
Senate Creek near Galena Lodge just north of Ketchum, Idaho.
Galena Peak in the background.
"Galena Peak rises dramatically out of the upper upper Big Wood River Valley forming an unforgettable backdrop to the Galena Lodge 30 miles north of Ketchum on Idaho 75. It is the northernmost Boulder peak to reach above 11,000 feet and is very popular with back country skiiers as well as scramblers making this one of the more climbed peaks in the region. The south facing portion of the mountain is characterized by a large south-west facing bowl which is commonly swept by massive avalanches in the winter. "
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This is the Chancellors Hall at the University Of London in Holborn. It's part of Senate House which is the headquarters of the University. It's an amazing art-deco building that is used in lots of tv and films (they filmed some of the Batman films here!). The building is massive, and yet in the 24 years I've lived in London I've never once noticed it was there!
This is a view inside the state capitol building of the senate chambers. This is where most of the important decisions and bills are discussed for the state.
(Please View Large)
Sen. Connie N. Johnson (far right, second row) with female inmates who helped set up the Capitol Christmas tree
Sen. Connie N. Johnson Says Removing Governor from Parole Process Will Reduce Prison Overcrowding
Sen. Connie N. Johnson on Thursday testified before a House Interim Study Committee on removing the Governor from the parole process and provided information on the status of the Second Chance Act, which was recently approved with broad bipartisan support by the U.S. House.
The Second Chance Act would authorize $55 million in block grants to assist states in successful offender re-socialization, transition and return to civil society.
“Under the Second Chance Act, Oklahoma is uniquely positioned to begin addressing the problem of a perpetually over-crowded and economically unsustainable prison population,” said Johnson, D-Oklahoma City. “The Act received veto-proof passage in the U.S. House, and is expected to receive the same level of bipartisan support from the U.S. Senate.”
Probably the most well known building in Helsinki, the green domed Lutheran Cathedral dominates Senate Square and the statue of Tsar Alexander II in front of it.
The Government Palace (1818) faces Senate Square in Helsinki, Finland. A statue of Grand Duke Alexander II (1818-1881), who was responsible for many reforms throughout the Russian Empire, stands in the center of the square.
Mamiya C330, Mamiya Sekor 80mm f2.8, yellow filter, Kentmere 100, 45 minutes in Caffenol CL-CS @15-20°C.