Sardinia
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Sardinia is a large Italian Mediterranean island with almost 2,000 km of coastline, sandy beaches and a mountainous interior dotted with hiking trails. Scattered across the rugged landscape are thousands of nuraghi - mysterious beehive-shaped stone ruins dating back to the Bronze Age. One of the largest and oldest nuraghi is Su Nuraxi in Barumini, dating from around 1500 BC.
Area: 24,090 km²
Capital: Cagliari
Population: 1.64 million (2019)
Sardinien ist eine große italienische Mittelmeerinsel mit einer fast 2.000 km langen Küste, Sandstränden und einem bergigen, von Wanderwegen durchzogenen Landesinneren. In der schroffen Landschaft verstreut liegen Tausende Nuraghen – geheimnisvolle bienenstockförmige Steinruinen aus der Bronzezeit. Eine der größten und ältesten Nuraghen ist Su Nuraxi in Barumini, die aus der Zeit um 1500 v. Chr. stammt.
Fläche: 24.090 km²
Hauptstadt: Cagliari
Bevölkerung: 1,64 Millionen (2019)
Walking in the mountains yesterday, the temperature started off at 3°C, although bright and sunny. As we climbed higher it clouded over, thunderstorm, then started snowing with near blizzard conditions as we reached 1000m !
The Roman Villa on the coast of Quartu Sant’Andrea is one of the few real testimonies of imperial settlement in a non-urban context in Sardinia. It is located along the coast in the Sant’Andrea area. It has recently been restored, consolidated and made open to visitors thanks to a small square overlooking it. On the sea, a series of non-communicating rooms are arranged in two parallel rows, to the east of which the presence of two cylindrical wells, on the sides of a sort of aedicule, suggest the alternation of covered and uncovered environments. Large bricks made up the floor of the inspectable rooms, and fragments of tegulae hamatae - that is bricks with protrusions used in spas - suggested that the building was equipped with a hot air heating system. Other structures without elevations or noticeable in the state of foundations, emerged at different distances from the water, where pebbles and stones from demolition or collapses formed a shallow and homogeneous bottom in its own way. At the time of the discovery, there were no supporting elements for a dating hypothesis other than the most evident masonry technique. The walls were built with regular alternation of bricks and small stone blocks, adopting the mixed work technique that seemed to have been adopted in Sardinia in the III / IV century. AD. Today other studies are expected to better date the artifact.
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La Villa Romana del litorale di Quartu Sant’Andrea è una delle poche testimonianze reali di insediamento di età imperiale in un contesto non urbano in Sardegna. Si trova lungo il litorale nella zona di Sant’Andrea. È stata recentemente restaurata, consolidata e resa visitabile grazie anche a una piazzetta che la sovrasta. Sul mare una serie di ambienti fra loro non comunicanti sono disposti su due file parallele, a est delle quali la presenza di due pozzi cilindrici, ai lati di una sorta di edicola, fanno presumere l’alternanza di ambienti coperti e scoperti. Laterizi di grandi dimensioni componevano il pavimento dei vani ispezionabili, e frammenti di tegulae hamatae – cioè dei mattoni dotati di sporgenze impiegati negli ambienti termali – facevano pensare che l’edificio fosse dotato di un impianto di riscaldamento a aria calda. Altre strutture prive di elevato o percepibili allo stato di fondazioni, affioravano a distanza diversa dell’acqua, dove ciottoli e pietrame provenienti dalle demolizioni o dai crolli formavano un fondale poco profondo e a suo modo omogeneo. Al momento della scoperta non sussistevano elementi di appoggio a una ipotesi di datazione se non quello della tecnica muraria più evidente. I muri si presentavano costruiti con regolare alternanza di mattoni e di piccoli conci in pietra, adottando la tecnica a opera mista che sembrava essere stata adottata in Sardegna nel III/IV sec. d.C.. Oggi si attendono altri studi per meglio datare il manufatto.
Immagine scattata dal mio carissimo amico Alessandro Gagliega
Il cielo, al tramonto, sembrava un fiore carnivoro.
(Roberto Bolaño)
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Cuglieri ist eine italienische Gemeinde (comune) mit 2671 Einwohnern (Stand 31. Dezember 2016) in der Provinz Oristano auf Sardinien. Die Gemeinde liegt etwa 31 Kilometer nördlich von Oristano am Monte Ferru.
Cuglieri (Sardinian: Cùllieri) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) northwest of Cagliari and about 42 kilometres (26 mi) north of Oristano.
Bosa - Sardinia 20190424
Located in the north-central coast of Sardinia, it is a small village of ancient origins. Crossed by the river Temo (only navigable river in Sardinia) is characterized by typical colorful houses in pastel colors, the wrought-iron balconies, the narrow alleys of the old town … give it a magical atmosphere in Bosa handing the title of one of the most beautiful villages of Italy.
The ancient village called Sa Costa is located at the foot of the hill Serravalle and is dominated by the Malaspina castle. The streets of the old town are accessible only by foot, given the narrow streets, alleys, arcades.
From Blu Alghero Sardinia.
South-west Sardinia. (See map at right)
The tower of Chia was built in 1578 to defend the nearby village from the raids of Saracens pirates,
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The nuraghe - is the main type of ancient megalithic edifice found in Sardinia, developed during the Nuragic Age between 1900 and 730 B.C !
Today it has come to be the symbol of Sardinia and its distinctive culture, the Nuragic civilization. More than 7,000 nuraghes have been found, though archeologists believe that originally there were more than 10,000.
The shifting dunes of the Costa Verde in Sardinia, Italy
Die Wanderdünen der Costa Verde auf Sardinien, Italien
South Sardinia.
The tower was built in 1500 to defend a nearby tuna fish factory from the raids of the Moors.
(See other similar towers in my album "Sardinia coastal towers" you find in this page below at right.)
The pool you see in foreground is a Carthaginian quarry which the waves filled with water.
Red Deer - Cervus elaphus
In Rut!
The red deer (Cervus elaphus) is one of the largest deer species. The red deer inhabits most of Europe, the Caucasus Mountains region, Asia Minor, Iran, parts of western Asia, and central Asia. It also inhabits the Atlas Mountains region between Morocco and Tunisia in northwestern Africa, being the only species of deer to inhabit Africa. Red deer have been introduced to other areas, including Australia, New Zealand, United States, Canada, Peru, Uruguay, Chile and Argentina. In many parts of the world, the meat (venison) from red deer is used as a food source.
The red deer is the fourth-largest deer species behind moose, elk and sambar deer. It is a ruminant, eating its food in two stages and having an even number of toes on each hoof, like camels, goats and cattle. European red deer have a relatively long tail compared to their Asian and North American relatives. Subtle differences in appearance are noted between the various subspecies of red deer, primarily in size and antlers, with the smallest being the Corsican red deer found on the islands of Corsica and Sardinia and the largest being the Caspian red deer (or maral) of Asia Minor and the Caucasus Region to the west of the Caspian Sea. The deer of central and western Europe vary greatly in size, with some of the largest deer found in the Carpathian Mountains in Central Europe.Western European red deer, historically, grew to large size given ample food supply (including people's crops), and descendants of introduced populations living in New Zealand and Argentina have grown quite large in both body and antler size. Large red deer stags, like the Caspian red deer or those of the Carpathian Mountains, may rival the wapiti in size. Female red deer are much smaller than their male counterparts.
The European red deer is found in southwestern Asia (Asia Minor and Caucasus regions), North Africa and Europe. The red deer is the largest non-domesticated land mammal still existing in Ireland. The Barbary stag (which resembles the western European red deer) is the only member of the deer family represented in Africa, with the population centred in the northwestern region of the continent in the Atlas Mountains. As of the mid-1990s, Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria were the only African countries known to have red deer.
In the Netherlands, a large herd (ca. 3000 animals counted in late 2012) lives in the Oostvaarders Plassen, a nature reserve. Ireland has its own unique subspecies. In France the population is thriving, having multiplied fivefold in the last half-century, increasing from 30,000 in 1970 to approximately 160,000 in 2014. The deer has particularly expanded its footprint into forests at higher altitudes than before. In the UK, indigenous populations occur in Scotland, the Lake District, and the South West of England (principally on Exmoor). Not all of these are of entirely pure bloodlines, as some of these populations have been supplemented with deliberate releases of deer from parks, such as Warnham or Woburn Abbey, in an attempt to increase antler sizes and body weights. The University of Edinburgh found that, in Scotland, there has been extensive hybridisation with the closely related sika deer.
Several other populations have originated either with "carted" deer kept for stag hunts being left out at the end of the hunt, escapes from deer farms, or deliberate releases. Carted deer were kept by stag hunts with no wild red deer in the locality and were normally recaptured after the hunt and used again; although the hunts are called "stag hunts", the Norwich Staghounds only hunted hinds (female red deer), and in 1950, at least eight hinds (some of which may have been pregnant) were known to be at large near Kimberley and West Harling; they formed the basis of a new population based in Thetford Forest in Norfolk. Further substantial red deer herds originated from escapes or deliberate releases in the New Forest, the Peak District, Suffolk, Lancashire, Brecon Beacons, and North Yorkshire, as well as many other smaller populations scattered throughout England and Wales, and they are all generally increasing in numbers and range. A census of deer populations in 2007 and again in 2011 coordinated by the British Deer Society records the red deer as having continued to expand their range in England and Wales since 2000, with expansion most notable in the Midlands and East Anglia.