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Sohnarr
Cultuurcentrum Hasselt
24 Oktober 2020
Patricia Vanneste - Vocals, Violin, Subbas, Percussion and Guitar
Tom Soetaert - Keyboard, Electronics and Backing vocals
Sam Faes - Cello and keyboard
Adil Benhsain - Viola and Backing vocals
Beatrijs de Klerck - Violin, Keyboard and backing vocals
© Photography Patrick Van Vlerken 2020
Sohnarr
Cultuurcentrum Hasselt
24 Oktober 2020
Patricia Vanneste - Vocals, Violin, Subbas, Percussion and Guitar
Tom Soetaert - Keyboard, Electronics and Backing vocals
Sam Faes - Cello and keyboard
Adil Benhsain - Viola and Backing vocals
Beatrijs de Klerck - Violin, Keyboard and backing vocals
© Photography Patrick Van Vlerken 2020
SU-BBA Boeing B707-338C Air Cargo Egypt
Former Qantas VH-EBP. To TWA in 1972 as N14791.
WFU 1982 and used as "The Plane" restaurant at Cairo
(slide scan from my collection - not taken by myself)
SONY NEX-5R
Canon New FD MACRO 50mm F3.5
アサガオ ‘北京天壇’
ヒルガオ科 (APG IV) / サツマイモ属
Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth, 1797 ‘Tendan’
First published in Catal. Bot. 1: 36 (1797)
This species is accepted.
Confirmation Date: 08/25, 2023.
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Family: Convolvulaceae (APG IV)
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Authors:
Carl von Linnaeus (1707-1778)
Albrecht Wilhelm Roth (1757-1834)
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Published In:
Catalecta Botanica 1: 36. 1797. (Catal. Bot.) Name publication detail
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Annotation:as "Nil"
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Distribution:Trop. & Subtrop. America
(13) grc (22) gha gui ivo nga sen sie (23) caf cmn con eqg ggi zai (24) cha eri eth soc sud (25) tan uga (26) zam zim (27) cpp nam nat (29) com mau mdg reu rod? sey (35) oma sau yem (36) chc chh chi chn chs cht (38) kor nns (40) ban ehm ind nep pak srl whm (41) cbd lao mya scs tha vie (42) jaw lsi mly mol phi sul sum xms (43) nwg (50) nta qld wau (60) nwc (76) cal (77) tex (78) ala fla lou nca 79 MXC MXE MXG MXN MXS MXT 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 ARU BAH ber CUB DOM HAI JAM LEE NLA PUE TRT WIN 82 FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL CLM ECU GAL PER 84 BZC BZE BZL BZN BZS 85 AGE AGW PAR URU
Lifeform:Cl. ther.
Original Compiler:George Staples
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Homotypic Names:
Convolvulus nil L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 219 (1762).
Convolvuloides triloba Moench, Methodus: 452 (1794), nom. superfl.
Pharbitis nil (L.) Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 6: 439 (1833 publ. 1834)[Conv. Or.: 57]
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Basionym/Replaced Synonym:
Convolvulus nil L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 219 (1762).
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Heterotypic Synonyms:
Ipomoea hederacea Anon. in ?, non Jacq.
Convolvulus hederaceus L., Sp. Pl.: 154 (1753).
Ipomoea scabra Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 44 (1775).
Convolvulus coelestis G.Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr.: 14 (1786).
Ipomoea scabra J.F.Gmel., Syst. Nat.: 345 (1791), nom. illeg.
Convolvulus dillenii Desr. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 3: 544 (1792).
Ipomoea bicolor Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 465 (1793).
Convolvulus hederifolius Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 123 (1796), nom. superfl.
Ipomoea cuspidata Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 2: 11 (1799).
Ipomoea caerulea Roxb. ex Ker-Gawl., Bot. Reg. 4: t. 276 (1818).
Ipomoea dillenii (Desr.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 4: 227 (1819).
Convolvulus caeruleus (Roxb. ex Ker-Gawl.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., 1: 593 (1824).
Convolvulus peruvianus Spreng., Syst. Veg., 1: 593 (1824).
Ipomoea caerulea J.König ex Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 91 (1824), nom. illeg.
Ipomoea caerulescens Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 90 (1824).
Ipomoea setosa Blume, Bijdr.: 714 (1826), nom. illeg.
Convolvulus tomentosus Vell., Fl. Flumin.: 74 (1829), sensu auct.
Convolvulus scaber Colla, Herb. Pedem. 4: 204 (1835).
Pharbitis cuspidata (Ruiz & Pav.) G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 263 (1837).
Pharbitis dillenii (Desr.) G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 263 (1837).
Pharbitis forsskaolii G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 263 (1837).
Pharbitis purshii G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 163 (1837).
Pharbitis scabra (Colla) G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 263 (1837).
Pharbitis caerulea (Roxb. ex Ker-Gawl.) G.Don ex Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3: 482 (1839).
Pharbitis caerulescens (Roxb.) Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3: 482 (1839).
Convolvulus lindleyi Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 409 (1840).
Convolvulus variifolius Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 412 (1840).
Ipomoea trichocalyx Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 819 (1840).
Pharbitis nil var. abbreviata Choisy in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 343 (1845).
Pharbitis nil var. integrifolia Choisy in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 343 (1845).
Pharbitis speciosa Choisy in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 343 (1845).
Ipomoea githaginea Hochst. ex A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 65 (1850).
Pharbitis limbata Lindl., J. Hort. Soc. London 5: 33 (1850).
Ipomoea hederacea var. limbata (Lindl.) Benth., Fl. Austral. 4: 417 (1868).
Pharbitis albomarginata Lindl. ex Hook.f., Bot. Mag. 94: t. 5720 (1868), not validly publ.
Pharbitis nil var. limbata (Lindl.) Hook., Bot. Mag. 94: t. 5720 (1868).
Ipomoea longicuspis Meisn. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 7: 227 (1869), nom. superfl.
Ipomoea longicuspis var. brevipes Meisn. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 7: 227 (1869).
Ipomoea nil var. limbata (Lindl.) Meisn. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 7: 228 (1869).
Pharbitis albomarginata Lindl. ex Meisn. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 7: 228 (1869).
Ipomoea hederacea var. himalaica C.B.Clarke in J.D.Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 4: 200 (1883).
Ipomoea hederacea var. integrifolia (Choisy) C.B.Clarke in J.D.Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 4: 200 (1883).
Ipomoea githaginea var. inaequalis Beck in P.V.Paulitschke, Harrar Leipzig, App.: 458 (1888).
Ipomoea nil var. japonica Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: 137 (1893).
Ipomoea limbata (Lindl.) Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3, 1: 710 (1895).
Ipomoea speciosa (Choisy) Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3, 1: 711 (1895), nom. illeg.
Convolvulus setosus Hallier f., Bull. Herb. Boissier 5: 1048 (1897), nom. illeg.
Ipomoea nil var. setosa Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 511 (1899).
Ipomoea hederacea var. inaequalis Baker & Rendle in D.Oliver & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 4(2): 160 (1905).
Ipomoea vaniotiana H.Lév., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 453 (1911).
Pharbitis nil var. japonica (Hallier f.) H.Hara, Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 1: 167 (1949).
Ipomoea nil var. inaequalis (Beck) Cufod., Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 39(Suppl.): XXX (1969).
Ipomoea hederacea var. paichou J.R.Wu, J. Guiyang Tradit. Chin. Med. Coll. 1979(1): 97 (1979).
Ipomoea nil var. himalaica (C.B.Clarke) S.C.Johri, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 5: 432 (1984).
Pharbitis nil var. paichou (J.R.Wu) J.R.Wu, Fl. Guizhouensis 6: 348 (1989), without basionym page.
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Accepted By:
AFPD. 2008. African Flowering Plants Database - Base de Donnees des Plantes a Fleurs D'Afrique.
Austin, D. F., G. W. Staples & R. Simão-Bianchini. 2015. A synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas: Further corrections, changes, and additions. Taxon 64(3): 625–633.
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CONABIO. 2009. Catálogo taxonómico de especies de México. 1. In Capital Nat. México. CONABIO, Mexico City.
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Correa A., M. D., C. Galdames & M. Stapf. 2004. Cat. Pl. Vasc. Panamá 1–599. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá.
Davidse, G., M. Sousa Sánchez, S. Knapp & F. Chiang Cabrera. 2012. Rubiaceae a Verbenaceae. 4(2): i–xvi, 1–533. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez, S. Knapp & F. Chiang Cabrera (eds.) Fl. Mesoamer.. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
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Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
Bhellum, B.L. & Magotra, R. (2011). Flora of Jammu and Kashmir state (family Convolvulaceae): a census. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 35: 732-736.
Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies) , ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
Johnson, R.W. (2012). Convolvulaceae. Australian Plant Census. Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria.
Press, J.R., K.K. Shrestha, & D.A. Sutton (2012). Nepal Cklist. Convolvulaceae. Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal - online. Natural History Museum et al..
Spaulding, D. (2013). Convolvulaceae. Checklist of Alabama's vascular flora: 137-139.
Brundu, G. & Camarda, I. (2013). The Flora of Chad: a checklist and brief analysis. PhytoKeys 23: 1-18.
Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
Velayos, M., Barberá, P., Cabezas, F.J., de la Estrella, M., Fero, M. & Aedo, C. (2014). Checklist of the vascular plants of Annobón (Equatorial Guinea). Phytotaxa 171: 1-78.
Carranza, E. (2015). Flora del Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán 135: 1-128. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Wood, J.R.I., Carine, M.A., Harris, D., Wilkin, P., Williams, B. & Scotland, R.W. (2015). Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in Bolivia. Kew Bulletin 70(31): 1-124.
Vladimirov, V. & al. (2016). New floristic records in the Balkans: 29. Phytologia Balcanica 22: 93-123.
Staples, G. (2018). Flore du Cambodge du Laos et du Viêt-Nam 36: 1-406. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
Balkrishna, A. (2018). Flora of Morni Hills (Research & Possibilities): 1-581. Divya Yoga Mandir Trust.
Wood, J.R.I., Muñoz-Rodríguez P., Williams, B.R.M., Scotland, R.W. (2020). A foundation monograph of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the New World. PhytoKeys 143: 1-823.
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It is a wild morning glory that came to Japan from the United States. The diameter of the flower is about φ4 cm and it is a very cute flower.
美國から日本へ渡来した、野生系のアサガオです。花の直径はφ4cm ほどの大変可愛らしい花です。
Sohnarr
Cultuurcentrum Hasselt
24 Oktober 2020
Patricia Vanneste - Vocals, Violin, Subbas, Percussion and Guitar
Tom Soetaert - Keyboard, Electronics and Backing vocals
Sam Faes - Cello and keyboard
Adil Benhsain - Viola and Backing vocals
Beatrijs de Klerck - Violin, Keyboard and backing vocals
© Photography Patrick Van Vlerken 2020
Sohnarr
Cultuurcentrum Hasselt
24 Oktober 2020
Patricia Vanneste - Vocals, Violin, Subbas, Percussion and Guitar
Tom Soetaert - Keyboard, Electronics and Backing vocals
Sam Faes - Cello and keyboard
Adil Benhsain - Viola and Backing vocals
Beatrijs de Klerck - Violin, Keyboard and backing vocals
© Photography Patrick Van Vlerken 2020
Photo taken by Herwart Schneider and kindly provided by him for inclusion on this page.
München-Riem
October 1979
SU-BBA
Boeing 707-338C
18810/438
Air Cargo Egypt
SU-BBA was noted at Riem on 29 October 1979, probably the date of this shot.
Information from flickr - thanks to Irish251:
This 707 was built for and delivered to QANTAS in 1965 as VH-EBP. It served with TWA as N14791 for about five years, from 1973-1978 and was unusual in being acquired secondhand.TWA sold it to Air Cargo Egypt as SU-BBA but by March 1982 it was withdrawn from use at Cairo. It was used for some years as a restaurant but was eventually broken up.
Registration details for this airframe:
www.planelogger.com/Aircraft/Registration/SU-BBA/491066
Detailed history of this airframe:
www.adastron.com/707/qantas/VH-EBP.htm
This airframe as VH-EBP with Qantas at SYD in June 1970:
www.airhistory.net/photo/8839/VH-EBP
This airframe as N14791 with Trans World Cargo ca. 1977:
www.flickr.com/photos/24101413@N03/51660319699
SU-BBA with Air Cargo Egypt at AMS ca. early 1980s (logo on tail):
www.airhistory.net/photo/75161/SU-BBA
Scan from Kodachrome slide.
Darap Subba is serene village in Sikkim is seated near the town Pelling with wide rolling ranch lands and paddy fields
アサガオ ‘北京天壇’
ヒルガオ科 / サツマイモ属
Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth, 1797 ‘Tendan’
First published in Catal. Bot. 1: 36 (1797)
This species is accepted.
Confirmation Date: 08/25, 2023.
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Family: Convolvulaceae (APG IV)
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Authors:
Carl von Linnaeus (1707-1778)
Albrecht Wilhelm Roth (1757-1834)
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Published In:
Catalecta Botanica 1: 36. 1797. (Catal. Bot.) Name publication detail
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Annotation:as "Nil"
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Distribution:Trop. & Subtrop. America
(13) grc (22) gha gui ivo nga sen sie (23) caf cmn con eqg ggi zai (24) cha eri eth soc sud (25) tan uga (26) zam zim (27) cpp nam nat (29) com mau mdg reu rod? sey (35) oma sau yem (36) chc chh chi chn chs cht (38) kor nns (40) ban ehm ind nep pak srl whm (41) cbd lao mya scs tha vie (42) jaw lsi mly mol phi sul sum xms (43) nwg (50) nta qld wau (60) nwc (76) cal (77) tex (78) ala fla lou nca 79 MXC MXE MXG MXN MXS MXT 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 ARU BAH ber CUB DOM HAI JAM LEE NLA PUE TRT WIN 82 FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL CLM ECU GAL PER 84 BZC BZE BZL BZN BZS 85 AGE AGW PAR URU
Lifeform:Cl. ther.
Original Compiler:George Staples
-------------------------------------
Homotypic Names:
Convolvulus nil L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 219 (1762).
Convolvuloides triloba Moench, Methodus: 452 (1794), nom. superfl.
Pharbitis nil (L.) Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 6: 439 (1833 publ. 1834)[Conv. Or.: 57]
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Basionym/Replaced Synonym:
Convolvulus nil L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 219 (1762).
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Heterotypic Synonyms:
Ipomoea hederacea Anon. in ?, non Jacq.
Convolvulus hederaceus L., Sp. Pl.: 154 (1753).
Ipomoea scabra Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 44 (1775).
Convolvulus coelestis G.Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr.: 14 (1786).
Ipomoea scabra J.F.Gmel., Syst. Nat.: 345 (1791), nom. illeg.
Convolvulus dillenii Desr. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 3: 544 (1792).
Ipomoea bicolor Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 465 (1793).
Convolvulus hederifolius Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 123 (1796), nom. superfl.
Ipomoea cuspidata Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 2: 11 (1799).
Ipomoea caerulea Roxb. ex Ker-Gawl., Bot. Reg. 4: t. 276 (1818).
Ipomoea dillenii (Desr.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 4: 227 (1819).
Convolvulus caeruleus (Roxb. ex Ker-Gawl.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., 1: 593 (1824).
Convolvulus peruvianus Spreng., Syst. Veg., 1: 593 (1824).
Ipomoea caerulea J.König ex Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 91 (1824), nom. illeg.
Ipomoea caerulescens Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 90 (1824).
Ipomoea setosa Blume, Bijdr.: 714 (1826), nom. illeg.
Convolvulus tomentosus Vell., Fl. Flumin.: 74 (1829), sensu auct.
Convolvulus scaber Colla, Herb. Pedem. 4: 204 (1835).
Pharbitis cuspidata (Ruiz & Pav.) G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 263 (1837).
Pharbitis dillenii (Desr.) G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 263 (1837).
Pharbitis forsskaolii G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 263 (1837).
Pharbitis purshii G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 163 (1837).
Pharbitis scabra (Colla) G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 263 (1837).
Pharbitis caerulea (Roxb. ex Ker-Gawl.) G.Don ex Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3: 482 (1839).
Pharbitis caerulescens (Roxb.) Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3: 482 (1839).
Convolvulus lindleyi Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 409 (1840).
Convolvulus variifolius Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 412 (1840).
Ipomoea trichocalyx Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 819 (1840).
Pharbitis nil var. abbreviata Choisy in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 343 (1845).
Pharbitis nil var. integrifolia Choisy in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 343 (1845).
Pharbitis speciosa Choisy in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 343 (1845).
Ipomoea githaginea Hochst. ex A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 65 (1850).
Pharbitis limbata Lindl., J. Hort. Soc. London 5: 33 (1850).
Ipomoea hederacea var. limbata (Lindl.) Benth., Fl. Austral. 4: 417 (1868).
Pharbitis albomarginata Lindl. ex Hook.f., Bot. Mag. 94: t. 5720 (1868), not validly publ.
Pharbitis nil var. limbata (Lindl.) Hook., Bot. Mag. 94: t. 5720 (1868).
Ipomoea longicuspis Meisn. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 7: 227 (1869), nom. superfl.
Ipomoea longicuspis var. brevipes Meisn. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 7: 227 (1869).
Ipomoea nil var. limbata (Lindl.) Meisn. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 7: 228 (1869).
Pharbitis albomarginata Lindl. ex Meisn. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 7: 228 (1869).
Ipomoea hederacea var. himalaica C.B.Clarke in J.D.Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 4: 200 (1883).
Ipomoea hederacea var. integrifolia (Choisy) C.B.Clarke in J.D.Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 4: 200 (1883).
Ipomoea githaginea var. inaequalis Beck in P.V.Paulitschke, Harrar Leipzig, App.: 458 (1888).
Ipomoea nil var. japonica Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: 137 (1893).
Ipomoea limbata (Lindl.) Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3, 1: 710 (1895).
Ipomoea speciosa (Choisy) Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3, 1: 711 (1895), nom. illeg.
Convolvulus setosus Hallier f., Bull. Herb. Boissier 5: 1048 (1897), nom. illeg.
Ipomoea nil var. setosa Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 511 (1899).
Ipomoea hederacea var. inaequalis Baker & Rendle in D.Oliver & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 4(2): 160 (1905).
Ipomoea vaniotiana H.Lév., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 453 (1911).
Pharbitis nil var. japonica (Hallier f.) H.Hara, Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 1: 167 (1949).
Ipomoea nil var. inaequalis (Beck) Cufod., Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 39(Suppl.): XXX (1969).
Ipomoea hederacea var. paichou J.R.Wu, J. Guiyang Tradit. Chin. Med. Coll. 1979(1): 97 (1979).
Ipomoea nil var. himalaica (C.B.Clarke) S.C.Johri, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 5: 432 (1984).
Pharbitis nil var. paichou (J.R.Wu) J.R.Wu, Fl. Guizhouensis 6: 348 (1989), without basionym page.
-------------------------------------
Accepted By:
AFPD. 2008. African Flowering Plants Database - Base de Donnees des Plantes a Fleurs D'Afrique.
Austin, D. F., G. W. Staples & R. Simão-Bianchini. 2015. A synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas: Further corrections, changes, and additions. Taxon 64(3): 625–633.
Baksh-Comeau, Y. S., Maharaj, C. D. Adams, S. A. Harris, D. Filer & W. Hawthorne. 2016. An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical ‘hotspots’. Phytotaxa 250: 1–431.
CONABIO. 2009. Catálogo taxonómico de especies de México. 1. In Capital Nat. México. CONABIO, Mexico City.
Carnevali, G., J. L. Tapia-Muñoz, R. Duno de Stefano & I. M. Ramírez-Morillo. 2010. Fl. Ilustr. Peníns. Yucatán 1–326. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida.
Correa A., M. D., C. Galdames & M. Stapf. 2004. Cat. Pl. Vasc. Panamá 1–599. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá.
Davidse, G., M. Sousa Sánchez, S. Knapp & F. Chiang Cabrera. 2012. Rubiaceae a Verbenaceae. 4(2): i–xvi, 1–533. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez, S. Knapp & F. Chiang Cabrera (eds.) Fl. Mesoamer.. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
Flora of China Editorial Committee. 1995. Flora of China (Gentianaceae through Boraginaceae). 16: 1–479. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro.
Funk, V. A., T. H. Hollowell, P. E. Berry, C. L. Kelloff & S. Alexander. 2007. Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55: 1–584. View in Biodiversity Heritage Library
Hammel, B. E. 2010. Convolvulaceae. En: Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Vol. V. B.E. Hammel, M.H. Grayum, C. Herrera & N. Zamora (eds.). Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 119: 72–126.
Hokche, O., P. E. Berry & O. Huber. (eds.) 2008. Nuevo Cat. Fl. Vasc. Venez. 1–859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela, Caracas.
Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., R. D. C. Ortiz, R. Callejas Posada & M. Merello. (eds.) 2011. Fl. Antioquia: Cat. 2: 9–939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck. (eds.) 2014. Cat. Pl. Vasc. Bolivia, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 127(1–2): i–viii, 1–1744. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee, S. G. Beck & A. F. Fuentes Claros. 2015 en adelante. Catalogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia (adiciones).
Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali (eds). 1980-2005. Fl. Pakistan Univ. of Karachi, Karachi.
Nelson, C. H. 2008. Cat. Pl. Vasc. Honduras i–xxix, 31–1576. Secretaría de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Tegucigalpa.
Pérez J., L. A., M. Sousa Sánchez, A. M. Hanan-Alipi, F. Chiang Cabrera & P. Tenorio L. 2005. Vegetación terrestre. Cap. 4: 65–110. In J. Bueno, F Álvarez & S. Santiago (eds.) Biodivers. Tabasco. CONABIO-UNAM, México.
Schatz, G. E., S. Andriambololonera, P.P. Lowry II, P.B. Phillipson, M. Rabarimanarivo, J. I. Raharilala, F. A. Rajaonary, N. Rakotonirina, R. H. Ramananjanahary, B. Ramandimbisoa, A. Randrianasolo, N. Ravololomanana, C. M. Taylor & J. C. Brinda. 2020. Catalogue of the Plants of Madagascar.
Standley, P. C. & L. O. Williams. 1970. Convolvulaceae. In Standley, P. C. & L. O. Williams (eds.), Flora of Guatemala - Part IX. Fieldiana, Bot. 24(9): 4–85. View in Biodiversity Heritage Library
Stevens, W. D., C. Ulloa Ulloa, A. Pool & O. M. Montiel Jarquín. 2001. Flora de Nicaragua. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85: i–xlii,.
Ulloa Ulloa, C., P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, S. G. Beck, M. J. Belgrano, R. Bernal González, P. E. Berry, L. Brako, M. Celis, G. Davidse, S. R. Gradstein, O. Hokche, B. León, S. León-Yánez, R. E. Magill, D.A. Neill, M. H. Nee, P. H. Raven, H. Stimmel, M. T. Strong, J. L. Villaseñor Ríos, J. L. Zarucchi, F. O. Zuloaga & P. M. Jørgensen. 2017. An integrated assessment of vascular plants species of the Americas. Science 358: 1614–1617 [Online Suppl. Materials: 1–23 + 1–2497], f. 1–4 [f. S1–5].
Ulloa Ulloa, C., P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, S. G. Beck, M. J. Belgrano, R. Bernal González, P. E. Berry, L. Brako, M. Celis, G. Davidse, S. R. Gradstein, O. Hokche, B. León, S. León-Yánez, R. E. Magill, D.A. Neill, M. H. Nee, P. H. Raven, H. Stimmel, M. T. Strong, J. L. Villaseñor Ríos, J. L. Zarucchi, F. O. Zuloaga & P. M. Jørgensen. 2018 [Onwards]. An integrated Assessment of Vascular Plants Species of the Americas (Online Updates).
Villaseñor Ríos, J. L. 2016. Checklist of the native vascular plants of Mexico. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares nativas de México. Revista Mex. Biodivers. 87(3): 559–902. epublication
Wood, J. R. I., P. Muñoz Rodríguez, B. R. M. B.R.M. Williams & R. W. Scotland. 2020. A foundation monograph of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the New World. PhytoKeys 143: 1–823.
Zuloaga, F. O., O. Morrone, M. J. Belgrano, C. Marticorena & E. Marchesi. (eds.) 2008. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares del Cono Sur. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 107(1–3): i–xcvi, 1–3348.
Grisebach, A.H.R. (1862). Convolvulaceae. Flora of the British West Indian Isands: 466-476. Lovell Reeve.
Meisner, C.F. (1869). Convolvulaceae. Flora Brasiliensis 7: 199-370.
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Boldingh, I. (1909). Convolvulaceae. Flora of the Futch West Indian Islands, vol. I: St. Eustatius, Saba, and St. Martin 1: 161-163. E.J. Brill.
Britton, N. (1918). Flora of Bermuda: 1-585. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.
Standley, P. C. (1938). Convolvulaceae. Publications of Field Museum of Natural History, Botanical Series 18(3): 960-974.
Ooststroom, S.J. van & R.D. Hoogland (1953). Convolvulaceae. Flora Malesiana 4: 388-512. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta.
Hill, A.W. & Sandwith, N. (1953). Fl. Trinidad & Tobago Convolvs.. Flora of Trinidad and Tobago 2(4): 210-240. Government Printing Office, Port-of-Spain.
Andrews, F.W. (1956). Convolvulaceae. The Flowering Plants of the Sudan 3: 102-125. T.Buncle & co., LTD., Arbroath, Scotland.
Leon, H. & Alain, H. (1957). Convolvulaceae. Flora de Cuba 4: 218-248. Cultural S. A., La Habana.
O'Donell, C.A. (1959). Convolvuloideas de Uruguay. Lilloa 29: 349-376. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, Instituto 'Miguel Lillo'.
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Adams, C.D. (1972). Flowering Plants of Jamaica: 601-614. University of the West Indies, Mona.
Austin, D.F. (1975). Convolvulaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 62: 157-224.
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Verdcourt, B. (1978). Corrections and additions to the 'Flora of Tropical East Africa: Convolvulaceae': IV. Kew Bulletin 33: 159-168.
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Powell, Dulcie A. (1979). The Convolvulaceae of the Lesser Antilles. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 60: 219-271.
Austin, D.F. (1980). Rev. Handb. Fl. Ceylon Convolvulaceae. A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 1: 288-363. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta.
Wiggins, I.L. (1980). Convolvulaceae. Flora of Baja California: 373-385. Stanford Univ. Press.
Austin, D. F. (1982). Flora of Ecuador 15: 3-99. Botanical Institute, University of Göteborg, Riksmuseum, Stockholm.
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Heine, H. (1984). Fl. Nouv. Caléd. & Dépend. Convolvulaceae. Flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et Dépendances 13: 1-91. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
Khan, M.S. (1985). Fl. Bangladesh Convolvulaceae. Flora of Bangladesh 30: 1-59. Bangladesh National Herbarium, Dhaka.
Gonçalves, M.L. (1987). Convolvulaceae. Flora Zambesiaca 8(1): 9-129. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Austin, D.F. (1990). Comments on southwestern United States Evolvulus and Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae). Madrono 37: 124-132.
Lejoly, J. & S. Lisowski (1992). Les genres Merremia et Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) dans la Flore d'Afrique Centrale (Zaire, Rwanda, Burundi). Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica 37: 21-125.
Dempster, L. T. (1993). Convolvulaceae. The Jepson Manual, higher plants of Cilfornia: 516-522. Univ. California Press.
Barker, R.M. & Telford, I.R.H. (1993). Fl. Australia Oceanic Islds. Convolvs. Flora of Australia 50: 342-353. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
McPherson, G. [w/ D.F. Austin] (1993). Convolvulaceae. Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru: 365-374. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
Friedmann, F. (1994). Convolvulaceae. Flore des Seychelles Dicotylédones: 491-503. ORSTOM éditions.
Liogier, A.H. (1994). Convolvulaceae. La flora de la Española 6: 49-114. Universidad Central del Este.
Kartesz, J.T. (1994). Convolvulaceae. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland: 217-221. Timber Press.
McDonald, Andrew (1994). Convolvulaceae. Flora de Veracruz 77: 1-133. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Bióticos, Xalapa, Veracruz.
Fang, R.-Z. & Staples, G. (1995). Convolvulaceae. Flora of China 16: 271-325. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Austin, D.F. & Huáman, Z. (1996). A synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas. Taxon 45: 3-38.
Austin, D.F. (1997). Convolvulaceae. Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, Franch Guiana): 87-88. University of Guyana, Georgetown.
Wood, J.R.I. (1997). Handb. Yemen Fl. Convolvulaceae. A Handbook of the Yemen Flora: 230-236. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Austin, D.F. (1998). Convolvulaceae. Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana 4: 377-424. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
Mill, R.R. (1999). Fl. Bhutan Convolvulaceae. Flora of Bhutan 2(2): 834-862. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
Balick, M.J., Nee, M.H. & Atha, D.E. (2000). Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Belize with Common Names an Uses: i-x, 1-246. New York Botanic Garden Press, New York.
Meeuse, A.D.J. & W.G. Welman (2000). Convolvulaceae. Flora of Southern Africa 28: 1-138. Botanical Research Institute, Department of Agriculture.
Bosser, J. & H. Heine (2000). Fl. Mascar. Convolvulaceae. Flore des Mascareignes 127: 1-63. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
Liogier, H.A. & L.F. Martorell (2000). Convolvulaceae. Flora of Puerto Rico and Adjacent Islands: a Systematic Synopsis: 162-167. Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, San Juan.
Deroin, T. (2001). Convolvulaceae. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores (Plantes Vasculaires) 171: 11-287. Typographie Firmin-Didot et Cie., Paris.
Alfarhan, A. & Thomas, J. (2001). Saudi Arabian CNV + CUS. Flora of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2(2): 156-222. Ministry of Agriculture & Water, Riyadh.
Austin, D.F. (2001). Convolvulaceae. Flora de Nicaragua 1: 653-679. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Subba Rao, G.V. & G.R. Rao (2002). Convolvulaceae. Flora of Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh 1: 549-574. Botanical Survey of India.
Lee, Yong No (2002). Convolvulaceae. Flora of Korea 1: 652-656. Kyo-Hak Publ. Co., Ltd..
Kress, W.J., R.A. DeFilipps, E. Farr, & Y.Y. Kyi (2003). Cklist. Myanmar Convolvulaceae. Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs, and Climbers of Myanmar: 197-201. National Museum of Natural History, Washington DC..
Miller, A.G. & M. Morris (2004). Ethnofl. Soqotra Archipel. Convolvulaceae + Cuscutaceae. Ethnoflora of the Soqotra Archipelago: 516-524. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh.
Hedberg, I., Kelbessa, E., Edwards, S., Demissew, S. & Persson, E. (eds.) (2006). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 5: 1-690. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
Staples, G. & Jarvis, C.E. (2006). Typification of Linnaean plant names in Convolvulaceae. Taxon 55: 1019-1024.
Jarvis, C.E. (2007). Convolvulaceae. Order out of Chaos. Linnean Soc. London & Nat. Hist. Museum.
Carranza, E. (2007). Convolvulaceae I, in Fl. Bajío. Flora del Bajío y de regiones adyacentes 151: 1-129.
Austin, D. F. & M. Costea (2008). Convolvulaceae. Catálogo de las plantas vascualres del Cono Sur 2: 1936-1966. Missouri Bot. Garden.
Lisowski, S. (2009). Convolvulaceae. Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée: 136-145. Jardin Botanique National de Belgique.
Staples, G. (with P. Traiperm) (2010). Convolvulaceae. Flora of Thailand 10: 330-468. The Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok.
Bianchini, R.S., Ferreira, P.P.A. (2010). Convolvulaceae. Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro.
Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
Bhellum, B.L. & Magotra, R. (2011). Flora of Jammu and Kashmir state (family Convolvulaceae): a census. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 35: 732-736.
Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies) , ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
Johnson, R.W. (2012). Convolvulaceae. Australian Plant Census. Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria.
Press, J.R., K.K. Shrestha, & D.A. Sutton (2012). Nepal Cklist. Convolvulaceae. Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal - online. Natural History Museum et al..
Spaulding, D. (2013). Convolvulaceae. Checklist of Alabama's vascular flora: 137-139.
Brundu, G. & Camarda, I. (2013). The Flora of Chad: a checklist and brief analysis. PhytoKeys 23: 1-18.
Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
Velayos, M., Barberá, P., Cabezas, F.J., de la Estrella, M., Fero, M. & Aedo, C. (2014). Checklist of the vascular plants of Annobón (Equatorial Guinea). Phytotaxa 171: 1-78.
Carranza, E. (2015). Flora del Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán 135: 1-128. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Wood, J.R.I., Carine, M.A., Harris, D., Wilkin, P., Williams, B. & Scotland, R.W. (2015). Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in Bolivia. Kew Bulletin 70(31): 1-124.
Vladimirov, V. & al. (2016). New floristic records in the Balkans: 29. Phytologia Balcanica 22: 93-123.
Staples, G. (2018). Flore du Cambodge du Laos et du Viêt-Nam 36: 1-406. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
Balkrishna, A. (2018). Flora of Morni Hills (Research & Possibilities): 1-581. Divya Yoga Mandir Trust.
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It is a wild morning glory that came to Japan from the United States. The diameter of the flower is about φ4 cm and it is a very cute flower.
美國から日本へ渡来した、野生系のアサガオです。花の直径はφ4cm ほどの大変可愛らしい花です。
Canon EOS 5D Mark II
Carl Zeiss Makro-Planar T＊ 100mm F2.8
アサガオ ‘北京天壇’
ヒルガオ科 / サツマイモ属
Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth, 1797 ‘Tendan’
First published in Catal. Bot. 1: 36 (1797)
This species is accepted.
Confirmation Date: 08/25, 2023.
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Family: Convolvulaceae (APG IV)
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Authors:
Carl von Linnaeus (1707-1778)
Albrecht Wilhelm Roth (1757-1834)
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Published In:
Catalecta Botanica 1: 36. 1797. (Catal. Bot.) Name publication detail
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Annotation:as "Nil"
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Distribution:Trop. & Subtrop. America
(13) grc (22) gha gui ivo nga sen sie (23) caf cmn con eqg ggi zai (24) cha eri eth soc sud (25) tan uga (26) zam zim (27) cpp nam nat (29) com mau mdg reu rod? sey (35) oma sau yem (36) chc chh chi chn chs cht (38) kor nns (40) ban ehm ind nep pak srl whm (41) cbd lao mya scs tha vie (42) jaw lsi mly mol phi sul sum xms (43) nwg (50) nta qld wau (60) nwc (76) cal (77) tex (78) ala fla lou nca 79 MXC MXE MXG MXN MXS MXT 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 ARU BAH ber CUB DOM HAI JAM LEE NLA PUE TRT WIN 82 FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL CLM ECU GAL PER 84 BZC BZE BZL BZN BZS 85 AGE AGW PAR URU
Lifeform:Cl. ther.
Original Compiler:George Staples
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Homotypic Names:
Convolvulus nil L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 219 (1762).
Convolvuloides triloba Moench, Methodus: 452 (1794), nom. superfl.
Pharbitis nil (L.) Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 6: 439 (1833 publ. 1834)[Conv. Or.: 57]
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Basionym/Replaced Synonym:
Convolvulus nil L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 219 (1762).
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Heterotypic Synonyms:
Ipomoea hederacea Anon. in ?, non Jacq.
Convolvulus hederaceus L., Sp. Pl.: 154 (1753).
Ipomoea scabra Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 44 (1775).
Convolvulus coelestis G.Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr.: 14 (1786).
Ipomoea scabra J.F.Gmel., Syst. Nat.: 345 (1791), nom. illeg.
Convolvulus dillenii Desr. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 3: 544 (1792).
Ipomoea bicolor Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 465 (1793).
Convolvulus hederifolius Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 123 (1796), nom. superfl.
Ipomoea cuspidata Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 2: 11 (1799).
Ipomoea caerulea Roxb. ex Ker-Gawl., Bot. Reg. 4: t. 276 (1818).
Ipomoea dillenii (Desr.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 4: 227 (1819).
Convolvulus caeruleus (Roxb. ex Ker-Gawl.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., 1: 593 (1824).
Convolvulus peruvianus Spreng., Syst. Veg., 1: 593 (1824).
Ipomoea caerulea J.König ex Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 91 (1824), nom. illeg.
Ipomoea caerulescens Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 90 (1824).
Ipomoea setosa Blume, Bijdr.: 714 (1826), nom. illeg.
Convolvulus tomentosus Vell., Fl. Flumin.: 74 (1829), sensu auct.
Convolvulus scaber Colla, Herb. Pedem. 4: 204 (1835).
Pharbitis cuspidata (Ruiz & Pav.) G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 263 (1837).
Pharbitis dillenii (Desr.) G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 263 (1837).
Pharbitis forsskaolii G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 263 (1837).
Pharbitis purshii G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 163 (1837).
Pharbitis scabra (Colla) G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 263 (1837).
Pharbitis caerulea (Roxb. ex Ker-Gawl.) G.Don ex Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3: 482 (1839).
Pharbitis caerulescens (Roxb.) Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3: 482 (1839).
Convolvulus lindleyi Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 409 (1840).
Convolvulus variifolius Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 412 (1840).
Ipomoea trichocalyx Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 819 (1840).
Pharbitis nil var. abbreviata Choisy in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 343 (1845).
Pharbitis nil var. integrifolia Choisy in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 343 (1845).
Pharbitis speciosa Choisy in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 343 (1845).
Ipomoea githaginea Hochst. ex A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 65 (1850).
Pharbitis limbata Lindl., J. Hort. Soc. London 5: 33 (1850).
Ipomoea hederacea var. limbata (Lindl.) Benth., Fl. Austral. 4: 417 (1868).
Pharbitis albomarginata Lindl. ex Hook.f., Bot. Mag. 94: t. 5720 (1868), not validly publ.
Pharbitis nil var. limbata (Lindl.) Hook., Bot. Mag. 94: t. 5720 (1868).
Ipomoea longicuspis Meisn. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 7: 227 (1869), nom. superfl.
Ipomoea longicuspis var. brevipes Meisn. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 7: 227 (1869).
Ipomoea nil var. limbata (Lindl.) Meisn. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 7: 228 (1869).
Pharbitis albomarginata Lindl. ex Meisn. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 7: 228 (1869).
Ipomoea hederacea var. himalaica C.B.Clarke in J.D.Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 4: 200 (1883).
Ipomoea hederacea var. integrifolia (Choisy) C.B.Clarke in J.D.Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 4: 200 (1883).
Ipomoea githaginea var. inaequalis Beck in P.V.Paulitschke, Harrar Leipzig, App.: 458 (1888).
Ipomoea nil var. japonica Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: 137 (1893).
Ipomoea limbata (Lindl.) Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3, 1: 710 (1895).
Ipomoea speciosa (Choisy) Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3, 1: 711 (1895), nom. illeg.
Convolvulus setosus Hallier f., Bull. Herb. Boissier 5: 1048 (1897), nom. illeg.
Ipomoea nil var. setosa Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 511 (1899).
Ipomoea hederacea var. inaequalis Baker & Rendle in D.Oliver & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 4(2): 160 (1905).
Ipomoea vaniotiana H.Lév., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 453 (1911).
Pharbitis nil var. japonica (Hallier f.) H.Hara, Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 1: 167 (1949).
Ipomoea nil var. inaequalis (Beck) Cufod., Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 39(Suppl.): XXX (1969).
Ipomoea hederacea var. paichou J.R.Wu, J. Guiyang Tradit. Chin. Med. Coll. 1979(1): 97 (1979).
Ipomoea nil var. himalaica (C.B.Clarke) S.C.Johri, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 5: 432 (1984).
Pharbitis nil var. paichou (J.R.Wu) J.R.Wu, Fl. Guizhouensis 6: 348 (1989), without basionym page.
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Accepted By:
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Correa A., M. D., C. Galdames & M. Stapf. 2004. Cat. Pl. Vasc. Panamá 1–599. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá.
Davidse, G., M. Sousa Sánchez, S. Knapp & F. Chiang Cabrera. 2012. Rubiaceae a Verbenaceae. 4(2): i–xvi, 1–533. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez, S. Knapp & F. Chiang Cabrera (eds.) Fl. Mesoamer.. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
Flora of China Editorial Committee. 1995. Flora of China (Gentianaceae through Boraginaceae). 16: 1–479. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro.
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Gonçalves, M.L. (1987). Convolvulaceae. Flora Zambesiaca 8(1): 9-129. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Austin, D.F. (1990). Comments on southwestern United States Evolvulus and Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae). Madrono 37: 124-132.
Lejoly, J. & S. Lisowski (1992). Les genres Merremia et Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) dans la Flore d'Afrique Centrale (Zaire, Rwanda, Burundi). Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica 37: 21-125.
Dempster, L. T. (1993). Convolvulaceae. The Jepson Manual, higher plants of Cilfornia: 516-522. Univ. California Press.
Barker, R.M. & Telford, I.R.H. (1993). Fl. Australia Oceanic Islds. Convolvs. Flora of Australia 50: 342-353. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
McPherson, G. [w/ D.F. Austin] (1993). Convolvulaceae. Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru: 365-374. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
Friedmann, F. (1994). Convolvulaceae. Flore des Seychelles Dicotylédones: 491-503. ORSTOM éditions.
Liogier, A.H. (1994). Convolvulaceae. La flora de la Española 6: 49-114. Universidad Central del Este.
Kartesz, J.T. (1994). Convolvulaceae. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland: 217-221. Timber Press.
McDonald, Andrew (1994). Convolvulaceae. Flora de Veracruz 77: 1-133. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Bióticos, Xalapa, Veracruz.
Fang, R.-Z. & Staples, G. (1995). Convolvulaceae. Flora of China 16: 271-325. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Austin, D.F. & Huáman, Z. (1996). A synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas. Taxon 45: 3-38.
Austin, D.F. (1997). Convolvulaceae. Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, Franch Guiana): 87-88. University of Guyana, Georgetown.
Wood, J.R.I. (1997). Handb. Yemen Fl. Convolvulaceae. A Handbook of the Yemen Flora: 230-236. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Austin, D.F. (1998). Convolvulaceae. Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana 4: 377-424. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
Mill, R.R. (1999). Fl. Bhutan Convolvulaceae. Flora of Bhutan 2(2): 834-862. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
Balick, M.J., Nee, M.H. & Atha, D.E. (2000). Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Belize with Common Names an Uses: i-x, 1-246. New York Botanic Garden Press, New York.
Meeuse, A.D.J. & W.G. Welman (2000). Convolvulaceae. Flora of Southern Africa 28: 1-138. Botanical Research Institute, Department of Agriculture.
Bosser, J. & H. Heine (2000). Fl. Mascar. Convolvulaceae. Flore des Mascareignes 127: 1-63. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
Liogier, H.A. & L.F. Martorell (2000). Convolvulaceae. Flora of Puerto Rico and Adjacent Islands: a Systematic Synopsis: 162-167. Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, San Juan.
Deroin, T. (2001). Convolvulaceae. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores (Plantes Vasculaires) 171: 11-287. Typographie Firmin-Didot et Cie., Paris.
Alfarhan, A. & Thomas, J. (2001). Saudi Arabian CNV + CUS. Flora of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2(2): 156-222. Ministry of Agriculture & Water, Riyadh.
Austin, D.F. (2001). Convolvulaceae. Flora de Nicaragua 1: 653-679. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Subba Rao, G.V. & G.R. Rao (2002). Convolvulaceae. Flora of Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh 1: 549-574. Botanical Survey of India.
Lee, Yong No (2002). Convolvulaceae. Flora of Korea 1: 652-656. Kyo-Hak Publ. Co., Ltd..
Kress, W.J., R.A. DeFilipps, E. Farr, & Y.Y. Kyi (2003). Cklist. Myanmar Convolvulaceae. Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs, and Climbers of Myanmar: 197-201. National Museum of Natural History, Washington DC..
Miller, A.G. & M. Morris (2004). Ethnofl. Soqotra Archipel. Convolvulaceae + Cuscutaceae. Ethnoflora of the Soqotra Archipelago: 516-524. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh.
Hedberg, I., Kelbessa, E., Edwards, S., Demissew, S. & Persson, E. (eds.) (2006). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 5: 1-690. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
Staples, G. & Jarvis, C.E. (2006). Typification of Linnaean plant names in Convolvulaceae. Taxon 55: 1019-1024.
Jarvis, C.E. (2007). Convolvulaceae. Order out of Chaos. Linnean Soc. London & Nat. Hist. Museum.
Carranza, E. (2007). Convolvulaceae I, in Fl. Bajío. Flora del Bajío y de regiones adyacentes 151: 1-129.
Austin, D. F. & M. Costea (2008). Convolvulaceae. Catálogo de las plantas vascualres del Cono Sur 2: 1936-1966. Missouri Bot. Garden.
Lisowski, S. (2009). Convolvulaceae. Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée: 136-145. Jardin Botanique National de Belgique.
Staples, G. (with P. Traiperm) (2010). Convolvulaceae. Flora of Thailand 10: 330-468. The Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok.
Bianchini, R.S., Ferreira, P.P.A. (2010). Convolvulaceae. Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro.
Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
Bhellum, B.L. & Magotra, R. (2011). Flora of Jammu and Kashmir state (family Convolvulaceae): a census. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 35: 732-736.
Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies) , ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
Johnson, R.W. (2012). Convolvulaceae. Australian Plant Census. Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria.
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Spaulding, D. (2013). Convolvulaceae. Checklist of Alabama's vascular flora: 137-139.
Brundu, G. & Camarda, I. (2013). The Flora of Chad: a checklist and brief analysis. PhytoKeys 23: 1-18.
Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
Velayos, M., Barberá, P., Cabezas, F.J., de la Estrella, M., Fero, M. & Aedo, C. (2014). Checklist of the vascular plants of Annobón (Equatorial Guinea). Phytotaxa 171: 1-78.
Carranza, E. (2015). Flora del Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán 135: 1-128. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Wood, J.R.I., Carine, M.A., Harris, D., Wilkin, P., Williams, B. & Scotland, R.W. (2015). Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in Bolivia. Kew Bulletin 70(31): 1-124.
Vladimirov, V. & al. (2016). New floristic records in the Balkans: 29. Phytologia Balcanica 22: 93-123.
Staples, G. (2018). Flore du Cambodge du Laos et du Viêt-Nam 36: 1-406. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
Balkrishna, A. (2018). Flora of Morni Hills (Research & Possibilities): 1-581. Divya Yoga Mandir Trust.
Wood, J.R.I., Muñoz-Rodríguez P., Williams, B.R.M., Scotland, R.W. (2020). A foundation monograph of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the New World. PhytoKeys 143: 1-823.
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The diameter of the flower is about φ4 cm and it is a very cute flower.
花の直径はφ4cm ほどの大変可愛らしい花です。
SONY α7 ILCE-7
Minolta AF MACRO 100mm F2.8
Sohnarr
Cultuurcentrum Hasselt
24 Oktober 2020
Patricia Vanneste - Vocals, Violin, Subbas, Percussion and Guitar
Tom Soetaert - Keyboard, Electronics and Backing vocals
Sam Faes - Cello and keyboard
Adil Benhsain - Viola and Backing vocals
Beatrijs de Klerck - Violin, Keyboard and backing vocals
© Photography Patrick Van Vlerken 2020
Sohnarr @ M-IDZOMER M Leuven
30-JUL-2022
Patricia Vanneste - Vocals, Violin, Subbas, Percussion and Guitar
Tom Soetaert - Keyboard, Electronics and Backing vocals
Sam Faes - Cello and keyboard
Adil Benhsain - Viola and Backing vocals
Vanessa Salamon - Violin, Keyboard and backing vocals
© Photography Patrick Van Vlerken 2022
Spanien Andalusien © Spain Andalusia © Andalucía © All rights reserved. Image fully copyrighted. All my images strictly only available with written royalty agreement. If interested, please ask. © Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Alle meine Bilder generell nur mit schriftl. Honorarvereinbg. Bitte ggf. fragen. ©
Spanien Andalusien © Spain Andalusia © Andalucía © All rights reserved. Image fully copyrighted. All my images strictly only available with written royalty agreement. If interested, please ask. © Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Alle meine Bilder generell nur mit schriftl. Honorarvereinbg. Bitte ggf. fragen. ©
The Canara Bank was founded by Shri Ammembal Subba Rao Pai, a great visionary and philanthropist, in July 1906, at Mangalore in Karnataka.
Holding Andy upside down in a fishtank with cold water, and asking him to keep his eyes open and hold his breath was hard!
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アサガオ ‘北京天壇’
ヒルガオ科 / サツマイモ属
Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth, 1797 ‘Tendan’
First published in Catal. Bot. 1: 36 (1797)
This species is accepted.
Confirmation Date: 08/25, 2023.
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Family: Convolvulaceae (APG IV)
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Authors:
Carl von Linnaeus (1707-1778)
Albrecht Wilhelm Roth (1757-1834)
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Published In:
Catalecta Botanica 1: 36. 1797. (Catal. Bot.) Name publication detail
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Annotation:as "Nil"
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Distribution:Trop. & Subtrop. America
(13) grc (22) gha gui ivo nga sen sie (23) caf cmn con eqg ggi zai (24) cha eri eth soc sud (25) tan uga (26) zam zim (27) cpp nam nat (29) com mau mdg reu rod? sey (35) oma sau yem (36) chc chh chi chn chs cht (38) kor nns (40) ban ehm ind nep pak srl whm (41) cbd lao mya scs tha vie (42) jaw lsi mly mol phi sul sum xms (43) nwg (50) nta qld wau (60) nwc (76) cal (77) tex (78) ala fla lou nca 79 MXC MXE MXG MXN MXS MXT 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 ARU BAH ber CUB DOM HAI JAM LEE NLA PUE TRT WIN 82 FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL CLM ECU GAL PER 84 BZC BZE BZL BZN BZS 85 AGE AGW PAR URU
Lifeform:Cl. ther.
Original Compiler:George Staples
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Homotypic Names:
Convolvulus nil L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 219 (1762).
Convolvuloides triloba Moench, Methodus: 452 (1794), nom. superfl.
Pharbitis nil (L.) Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 6: 439 (1833 publ. 1834)[Conv. Or.: 57]
-------------------------------------
Basionym/Replaced Synonym:
Convolvulus nil L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 219 (1762).
-------------------------------------
Heterotypic Synonyms:
Ipomoea hederacea Anon. in ?, non Jacq.
Convolvulus hederaceus L., Sp. Pl.: 154 (1753).
Ipomoea scabra Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 44 (1775).
Convolvulus coelestis G.Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr.: 14 (1786).
Ipomoea scabra J.F.Gmel., Syst. Nat.: 345 (1791), nom. illeg.
Convolvulus dillenii Desr. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 3: 544 (1792).
Ipomoea bicolor Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 465 (1793).
Convolvulus hederifolius Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 123 (1796), nom. superfl.
Ipomoea cuspidata Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 2: 11 (1799).
Ipomoea caerulea Roxb. ex Ker-Gawl., Bot. Reg. 4: t. 276 (1818).
Ipomoea dillenii (Desr.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 4: 227 (1819).
Convolvulus caeruleus (Roxb. ex Ker-Gawl.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., 1: 593 (1824).
Convolvulus peruvianus Spreng., Syst. Veg., 1: 593 (1824).
Ipomoea caerulea J.König ex Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 91 (1824), nom. illeg.
Ipomoea caerulescens Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 90 (1824).
Ipomoea setosa Blume, Bijdr.: 714 (1826), nom. illeg.
Convolvulus tomentosus Vell., Fl. Flumin.: 74 (1829), sensu auct.
Convolvulus scaber Colla, Herb. Pedem. 4: 204 (1835).
Pharbitis cuspidata (Ruiz & Pav.) G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 263 (1837).
Pharbitis dillenii (Desr.) G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 263 (1837).
Pharbitis forsskaolii G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 263 (1837).
Pharbitis purshii G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 163 (1837).
Pharbitis scabra (Colla) G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 263 (1837).
Pharbitis caerulea (Roxb. ex Ker-Gawl.) G.Don ex Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3: 482 (1839).
Pharbitis caerulescens (Roxb.) Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3: 482 (1839).
Convolvulus lindleyi Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 409 (1840).
Convolvulus variifolius Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 412 (1840).
Ipomoea trichocalyx Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 819 (1840).
Pharbitis nil var. abbreviata Choisy in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 343 (1845).
Pharbitis nil var. integrifolia Choisy in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 343 (1845).
Pharbitis speciosa Choisy in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 343 (1845).
Ipomoea githaginea Hochst. ex A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 65 (1850).
Pharbitis limbata Lindl., J. Hort. Soc. London 5: 33 (1850).
Ipomoea hederacea var. limbata (Lindl.) Benth., Fl. Austral. 4: 417 (1868).
Pharbitis albomarginata Lindl. ex Hook.f., Bot. Mag. 94: t. 5720 (1868), not validly publ.
Pharbitis nil var. limbata (Lindl.) Hook., Bot. Mag. 94: t. 5720 (1868).
Ipomoea longicuspis Meisn. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 7: 227 (1869), nom. superfl.
Ipomoea longicuspis var. brevipes Meisn. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 7: 227 (1869).
Ipomoea nil var. limbata (Lindl.) Meisn. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 7: 228 (1869).
Pharbitis albomarginata Lindl. ex Meisn. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 7: 228 (1869).
Ipomoea hederacea var. himalaica C.B.Clarke in J.D.Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 4: 200 (1883).
Ipomoea hederacea var. integrifolia (Choisy) C.B.Clarke in J.D.Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 4: 200 (1883).
Ipomoea githaginea var. inaequalis Beck in P.V.Paulitschke, Harrar Leipzig, App.: 458 (1888).
Ipomoea nil var. japonica Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: 137 (1893).
Ipomoea limbata (Lindl.) Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3, 1: 710 (1895).
Ipomoea speciosa (Choisy) Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3, 1: 711 (1895), nom. illeg.
Convolvulus setosus Hallier f., Bull. Herb. Boissier 5: 1048 (1897), nom. illeg.
Ipomoea nil var. setosa Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 511 (1899).
Ipomoea hederacea var. inaequalis Baker & Rendle in D.Oliver & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 4(2): 160 (1905).
Ipomoea vaniotiana H.Lév., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 453 (1911).
Pharbitis nil var. japonica (Hallier f.) H.Hara, Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 1: 167 (1949).
Ipomoea nil var. inaequalis (Beck) Cufod., Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 39(Suppl.): XXX (1969).
Ipomoea hederacea var. paichou J.R.Wu, J. Guiyang Tradit. Chin. Med. Coll. 1979(1): 97 (1979).
Ipomoea nil var. himalaica (C.B.Clarke) S.C.Johri, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 5: 432 (1984).
Pharbitis nil var. paichou (J.R.Wu) J.R.Wu, Fl. Guizhouensis 6: 348 (1989), without basionym page.
-------------------------------------
Accepted By:
AFPD. 2008. African Flowering Plants Database - Base de Donnees des Plantes a Fleurs D'Afrique.
Austin, D. F., G. W. Staples & R. Simão-Bianchini. 2015. A synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas: Further corrections, changes, and additions. Taxon 64(3): 625–633.
Baksh-Comeau, Y. S., Maharaj, C. D. Adams, S. A. Harris, D. Filer & W. Hawthorne. 2016. An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical ‘hotspots’. Phytotaxa 250: 1–431.
CONABIO. 2009. Catálogo taxonómico de especies de México. 1. In Capital Nat. México. CONABIO, Mexico City.
Carnevali, G., J. L. Tapia-Muñoz, R. Duno de Stefano & I. M. Ramírez-Morillo. 2010. Fl. Ilustr. Peníns. Yucatán 1–326. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida.
Correa A., M. D., C. Galdames & M. Stapf. 2004. Cat. Pl. Vasc. Panamá 1–599. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá.
Davidse, G., M. Sousa Sánchez, S. Knapp & F. Chiang Cabrera. 2012. Rubiaceae a Verbenaceae. 4(2): i–xvi, 1–533. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez, S. Knapp & F. Chiang Cabrera (eds.) Fl. Mesoamer.. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
Flora of China Editorial Committee. 1995. Flora of China (Gentianaceae through Boraginaceae). 16: 1–479. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro.
Funk, V. A., T. H. Hollowell, P. E. Berry, C. L. Kelloff & S. Alexander. 2007. Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55: 1–584. View in Biodiversity Heritage Library
Hammel, B. E. 2010. Convolvulaceae. En: Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Vol. V. B.E. Hammel, M.H. Grayum, C. Herrera & N. Zamora (eds.). Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 119: 72–126.
Hokche, O., P. E. Berry & O. Huber. (eds.) 2008. Nuevo Cat. Fl. Vasc. Venez. 1–859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela, Caracas.
Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., R. D. C. Ortiz, R. Callejas Posada & M. Merello. (eds.) 2011. Fl. Antioquia: Cat. 2: 9–939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck. (eds.) 2014. Cat. Pl. Vasc. Bolivia, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 127(1–2): i–viii, 1–1744. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
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Schatz, G. E., S. Andriambololonera, P.P. Lowry II, P.B. Phillipson, M. Rabarimanarivo, J. I. Raharilala, F. A. Rajaonary, N. Rakotonirina, R. H. Ramananjanahary, B. Ramandimbisoa, A. Randrianasolo, N. Ravololomanana, C. M. Taylor & J. C. Brinda. 2020. Catalogue of the Plants of Madagascar.
Standley, P. C. & L. O. Williams. 1970. Convolvulaceae. In Standley, P. C. & L. O. Williams (eds.), Flora of Guatemala - Part IX. Fieldiana, Bot. 24(9): 4–85. View in Biodiversity Heritage Library
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Ulloa Ulloa, C., P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, S. G. Beck, M. J. Belgrano, R. Bernal González, P. E. Berry, L. Brako, M. Celis, G. Davidse, S. R. Gradstein, O. Hokche, B. León, S. León-Yánez, R. E. Magill, D.A. Neill, M. H. Nee, P. H. Raven, H. Stimmel, M. T. Strong, J. L. Villaseñor Ríos, J. L. Zarucchi, F. O. Zuloaga & P. M. Jørgensen. 2017. An integrated assessment of vascular plants species of the Americas. Science 358: 1614–1617 [Online Suppl. Materials: 1–23 + 1–2497], f. 1–4 [f. S1–5].
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Meisner, C.F. (1869). Convolvulaceae. Flora Brasiliensis 7: 199-370.
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Eggers, H.F.A. (1879). Convolvulaceae. The flora of St Croix and the Virgin Islands: 70-73. US Government Printing Office.
Boldingh, I. (1909). Convolvulaceae. Flora of the Futch West Indian Islands, vol. I: St. Eustatius, Saba, and St. Martin 1: 161-163. E.J. Brill.
Britton, N. (1918). Flora of Bermuda: 1-585. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.
Standley, P. C. (1938). Convolvulaceae. Publications of Field Museum of Natural History, Botanical Series 18(3): 960-974.
Ooststroom, S.J. van & R.D. Hoogland (1953). Convolvulaceae. Flora Malesiana 4: 388-512. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta.
Hill, A.W. & Sandwith, N. (1953). Fl. Trinidad & Tobago Convolvs.. Flora of Trinidad and Tobago 2(4): 210-240. Government Printing Office, Port-of-Spain.
Andrews, F.W. (1956). Convolvulaceae. The Flowering Plants of the Sudan 3: 102-125. T.Buncle & co., LTD., Arbroath, Scotland.
Leon, H. & Alain, H. (1957). Convolvulaceae. Flora de Cuba 4: 218-248. Cultural S. A., La Habana.
O'Donell, C.A. (1959). Convolvuloideas de Uruguay. Lilloa 29: 349-376. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, Instituto 'Miguel Lillo'.
Heine, H. (1963). Convolvulaceae. Flora of West Tropical Africa, second edition 2: 335-352 + 496. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations.
Gooding, E.G.B. & A.R. Loveless (1965). Convolvulaceae. Flora of Barbados: 332-344. Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
Standley, P.C. & Williams, L.O. (1970). Convolvulaceae. Fieldiana Botany New Series 24 (9: 1,2): 4-85. Field Museum of Natural History.
Shinners, L. (1970). Convolvulaceae. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas: 1241-1261. Texas Research Foundation.
Wiggins, I.L. (1971). Convolvulaceae. Flora of the Galápagos Islands: 367-383. Stanford University Press.
Adams, C.D. (1972). Flowering Plants of Jamaica: 601-614. University of the West Indies, Mona.
Austin, D.F. (1975). Convolvulaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 62: 157-224.
Long, R. W. & O. Lakela (1976). Convolvulaceae. A flora of tropical Florida: 711-724. Banyan Books.
Verdcourt, B. (1978). Corrections and additions to the 'Flora of Tropical East Africa: Convolvulaceae': IV. Kew Bulletin 33: 159-168.
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Powell, Dulcie A. (1979). The Convolvulaceae of the Lesser Antilles. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 60: 219-271.
Austin, D.F. (1980). Rev. Handb. Fl. Ceylon Convolvulaceae. A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 1: 288-363. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta.
Wiggins, I.L. (1980). Convolvulaceae. Flora of Baja California: 373-385. Stanford Univ. Press.
Austin, D. F. (1982). Flora of Ecuador 15: 3-99. Botanical Institute, University of Göteborg, Riksmuseum, Stockholm.
Austin, D.F. (1982). Convolvulaceae. Flora de Venezuela 8(3): 15-226. Fundación Educación Ambiental.
Austin, D.F. & Cavalcante, P.B. (1982). Convolvuláceas da Amazônia. Publicações Avulsas do Museo Goeldi 36: 1-134.
Austin, D.F. (1982). Convolvulaceae. Flora of the Bahama Archipelago: 1161-1190. J.Cramer, Vaduz.
Heine, H. (1984). Fl. Nouv. Caléd. & Dépend. Convolvulaceae. Flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et Dépendances 13: 1-91. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
Khan, M.S. (1985). Fl. Bangladesh Convolvulaceae. Flora of Bangladesh 30: 1-59. Bangladesh National Herbarium, Dhaka.
Gonçalves, M.L. (1987). Convolvulaceae. Flora Zambesiaca 8(1): 9-129. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Austin, D.F. (1990). Comments on southwestern United States Evolvulus and Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae). Madrono 37: 124-132.
Lejoly, J. & S. Lisowski (1992). Les genres Merremia et Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) dans la Flore d'Afrique Centrale (Zaire, Rwanda, Burundi). Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica 37: 21-125.
Dempster, L. T. (1993). Convolvulaceae. The Jepson Manual, higher plants of Cilfornia: 516-522. Univ. California Press.
Barker, R.M. & Telford, I.R.H. (1993). Fl. Australia Oceanic Islds. Convolvs. Flora of Australia 50: 342-353. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
McPherson, G. [w/ D.F. Austin] (1993). Convolvulaceae. Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru: 365-374. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
Friedmann, F. (1994). Convolvulaceae. Flore des Seychelles Dicotylédones: 491-503. ORSTOM éditions.
Liogier, A.H. (1994). Convolvulaceae. La flora de la Española 6: 49-114. Universidad Central del Este.
Kartesz, J.T. (1994). Convolvulaceae. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland: 217-221. Timber Press.
McDonald, Andrew (1994). Convolvulaceae. Flora de Veracruz 77: 1-133. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Bióticos, Xalapa, Veracruz.
Fang, R.-Z. & Staples, G. (1995). Convolvulaceae. Flora of China 16: 271-325. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Austin, D.F. & Huáman, Z. (1996). A synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas. Taxon 45: 3-38.
Austin, D.F. (1997). Convolvulaceae. Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, Franch Guiana): 87-88. University of Guyana, Georgetown.
Wood, J.R.I. (1997). Handb. Yemen Fl. Convolvulaceae. A Handbook of the Yemen Flora: 230-236. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Austin, D.F. (1998). Convolvulaceae. Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana 4: 377-424. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
Mill, R.R. (1999). Fl. Bhutan Convolvulaceae. Flora of Bhutan 2(2): 834-862. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
Balick, M.J., Nee, M.H. & Atha, D.E. (2000). Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Belize with Common Names an Uses: i-x, 1-246. New York Botanic Garden Press, New York.
Meeuse, A.D.J. & W.G. Welman (2000). Convolvulaceae. Flora of Southern Africa 28: 1-138. Botanical Research Institute, Department of Agriculture.
Bosser, J. & H. Heine (2000). Fl. Mascar. Convolvulaceae. Flore des Mascareignes 127: 1-63. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
Liogier, H.A. & L.F. Martorell (2000). Convolvulaceae. Flora of Puerto Rico and Adjacent Islands: a Systematic Synopsis: 162-167. Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, San Juan.
Deroin, T. (2001). Convolvulaceae. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores (Plantes Vasculaires) 171: 11-287. Typographie Firmin-Didot et Cie., Paris.
Alfarhan, A. & Thomas, J. (2001). Saudi Arabian CNV + CUS. Flora of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2(2): 156-222. Ministry of Agriculture & Water, Riyadh.
Austin, D.F. (2001). Convolvulaceae. Flora de Nicaragua 1: 653-679. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Subba Rao, G.V. & G.R. Rao (2002). Convolvulaceae. Flora of Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh 1: 549-574. Botanical Survey of India.
Lee, Yong No (2002). Convolvulaceae. Flora of Korea 1: 652-656. Kyo-Hak Publ. Co., Ltd..
Kress, W.J., R.A. DeFilipps, E. Farr, & Y.Y. Kyi (2003). Cklist. Myanmar Convolvulaceae. Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs, and Climbers of Myanmar: 197-201. National Museum of Natural History, Washington DC..
Miller, A.G. & M. Morris (2004). Ethnofl. Soqotra Archipel. Convolvulaceae + Cuscutaceae. Ethnoflora of the Soqotra Archipelago: 516-524. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh.
Hedberg, I., Kelbessa, E., Edwards, S., Demissew, S. & Persson, E. (eds.) (2006). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 5: 1-690. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
Staples, G. & Jarvis, C.E. (2006). Typification of Linnaean plant names in Convolvulaceae. Taxon 55: 1019-1024.
Jarvis, C.E. (2007). Convolvulaceae. Order out of Chaos. Linnean Soc. London & Nat. Hist. Museum.
Carranza, E. (2007). Convolvulaceae I, in Fl. Bajío. Flora del Bajío y de regiones adyacentes 151: 1-129.
Austin, D. F. & M. Costea (2008). Convolvulaceae. Catálogo de las plantas vascualres del Cono Sur 2: 1936-1966. Missouri Bot. Garden.
Lisowski, S. (2009). Convolvulaceae. Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée: 136-145. Jardin Botanique National de Belgique.
Staples, G. (with P. Traiperm) (2010). Convolvulaceae. Flora of Thailand 10: 330-468. The Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok.
Bianchini, R.S., Ferreira, P.P.A. (2010). Convolvulaceae. Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro.
Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
Bhellum, B.L. & Magotra, R. (2011). Flora of Jammu and Kashmir state (family Convolvulaceae): a census. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 35: 732-736.
Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies) , ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
Johnson, R.W. (2012). Convolvulaceae. Australian Plant Census. Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria.
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Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
Velayos, M., Barberá, P., Cabezas, F.J., de la Estrella, M., Fero, M. & Aedo, C. (2014). Checklist of the vascular plants of Annobón (Equatorial Guinea). Phytotaxa 171: 1-78.
Carranza, E. (2015). Flora del Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán 135: 1-128. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
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Staples, G. (2018). Flore du Cambodge du Laos et du Viêt-Nam 36: 1-406. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
Balkrishna, A. (2018). Flora of Morni Hills (Research & Possibilities): 1-581. Divya Yoga Mandir Trust.
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The diameter of the flower is about φ4 cm and it is a very cute flower.
野生系のアサガオです。花の直径はφ4cm ほどの大変可愛らしい花です。
SONY NEX-7
Canon Macro Lens EF-S 60mm F2.8 USM
アサガオ ‘北京天壇’
ヒルガオ科 / サツマイモ属
Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth, 1797 ‘Tendan’
First published in Catal. Bot. 1: 36 (1797)
This species is accepted.
Confirmation Date: 08/25, 2023.
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Family: Convolvulaceae (APG IV)
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Authors:
Carl von Linnaeus (1707-1778)
Albrecht Wilhelm Roth (1757-1834)
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Published In:
Catalecta Botanica 1: 36. 1797. (Catal. Bot.) Name publication detail
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Annotation:as "Nil"
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Distribution:Trop. & Subtrop. America
(13) grc (22) gha gui ivo nga sen sie (23) caf cmn con eqg ggi zai (24) cha eri eth soc sud (25) tan uga (26) zam zim (27) cpp nam nat (29) com mau mdg reu rod? sey (35) oma sau yem (36) chc chh chi chn chs cht (38) kor nns (40) ban ehm ind nep pak srl whm (41) cbd lao mya scs tha vie (42) jaw lsi mly mol phi sul sum xms (43) nwg (50) nta qld wau (60) nwc (76) cal (77) tex (78) ala fla lou nca 79 MXC MXE MXG MXN MXS MXT 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 ARU BAH ber CUB DOM HAI JAM LEE NLA PUE TRT WIN 82 FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL CLM ECU GAL PER 84 BZC BZE BZL BZN BZS 85 AGE AGW PAR URU
Lifeform:Cl. ther.
Original Compiler:George Staples
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Homotypic Names:
Convolvulus nil L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 219 (1762).
Convolvuloides triloba Moench, Methodus: 452 (1794), nom. superfl.
Pharbitis nil (L.) Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 6: 439 (1833 publ. 1834)[Conv. Or.: 57]
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Basionym/Replaced Synonym:
Convolvulus nil L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 219 (1762).
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Heterotypic Synonyms:
Ipomoea hederacea Anon. in ?, non Jacq.
Convolvulus hederaceus L., Sp. Pl.: 154 (1753).
Ipomoea scabra Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 44 (1775).
Convolvulus coelestis G.Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr.: 14 (1786).
Ipomoea scabra J.F.Gmel., Syst. Nat.: 345 (1791), nom. illeg.
Convolvulus dillenii Desr. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 3: 544 (1792).
Ipomoea bicolor Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 465 (1793).
Convolvulus hederifolius Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 123 (1796), nom. superfl.
Ipomoea cuspidata Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 2: 11 (1799).
Ipomoea caerulea Roxb. ex Ker-Gawl., Bot. Reg. 4: t. 276 (1818).
Ipomoea dillenii (Desr.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 4: 227 (1819).
Convolvulus caeruleus (Roxb. ex Ker-Gawl.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., 1: 593 (1824).
Convolvulus peruvianus Spreng., Syst. Veg., 1: 593 (1824).
Ipomoea caerulea J.König ex Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 91 (1824), nom. illeg.
Ipomoea caerulescens Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 90 (1824).
Ipomoea setosa Blume, Bijdr.: 714 (1826), nom. illeg.
Convolvulus tomentosus Vell., Fl. Flumin.: 74 (1829), sensu auct.
Convolvulus scaber Colla, Herb. Pedem. 4: 204 (1835).
Pharbitis cuspidata (Ruiz & Pav.) G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 263 (1837).
Pharbitis dillenii (Desr.) G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 263 (1837).
Pharbitis forsskaolii G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 263 (1837).
Pharbitis purshii G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 163 (1837).
Pharbitis scabra (Colla) G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 263 (1837).
Pharbitis caerulea (Roxb. ex Ker-Gawl.) G.Don ex Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3: 482 (1839).
Pharbitis caerulescens (Roxb.) Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3: 482 (1839).
Convolvulus lindleyi Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 409 (1840).
Convolvulus variifolius Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 412 (1840).
Ipomoea trichocalyx Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 819 (1840).
Pharbitis nil var. abbreviata Choisy in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 343 (1845).
Pharbitis nil var. integrifolia Choisy in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 343 (1845).
Pharbitis speciosa Choisy in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 343 (1845).
Ipomoea githaginea Hochst. ex A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 65 (1850).
Pharbitis limbata Lindl., J. Hort. Soc. London 5: 33 (1850).
Ipomoea hederacea var. limbata (Lindl.) Benth., Fl. Austral. 4: 417 (1868).
Pharbitis albomarginata Lindl. ex Hook.f., Bot. Mag. 94: t. 5720 (1868), not validly publ.
Pharbitis nil var. limbata (Lindl.) Hook., Bot. Mag. 94: t. 5720 (1868).
Ipomoea longicuspis Meisn. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 7: 227 (1869), nom. superfl.
Ipomoea longicuspis var. brevipes Meisn. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 7: 227 (1869).
Ipomoea nil var. limbata (Lindl.) Meisn. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 7: 228 (1869).
Pharbitis albomarginata Lindl. ex Meisn. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 7: 228 (1869).
Ipomoea hederacea var. himalaica C.B.Clarke in J.D.Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 4: 200 (1883).
Ipomoea hederacea var. integrifolia (Choisy) C.B.Clarke in J.D.Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 4: 200 (1883).
Ipomoea githaginea var. inaequalis Beck in P.V.Paulitschke, Harrar Leipzig, App.: 458 (1888).
Ipomoea nil var. japonica Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: 137 (1893).
Ipomoea limbata (Lindl.) Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3, 1: 710 (1895).
Ipomoea speciosa (Choisy) Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3, 1: 711 (1895), nom. illeg.
Convolvulus setosus Hallier f., Bull. Herb. Boissier 5: 1048 (1897), nom. illeg.
Ipomoea nil var. setosa Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 511 (1899).
Ipomoea hederacea var. inaequalis Baker & Rendle in D.Oliver & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 4(2): 160 (1905).
Ipomoea vaniotiana H.Lév., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 453 (1911).
Pharbitis nil var. japonica (Hallier f.) H.Hara, Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 1: 167 (1949).
Ipomoea nil var. inaequalis (Beck) Cufod., Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 39(Suppl.): XXX (1969).
Ipomoea hederacea var. paichou J.R.Wu, J. Guiyang Tradit. Chin. Med. Coll. 1979(1): 97 (1979).
Ipomoea nil var. himalaica (C.B.Clarke) S.C.Johri, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 5: 432 (1984).
Pharbitis nil var. paichou (J.R.Wu) J.R.Wu, Fl. Guizhouensis 6: 348 (1989), without basionym page.
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Accepted By:
AFPD. 2008. African Flowering Plants Database - Base de Donnees des Plantes a Fleurs D'Afrique.
Austin, D. F., G. W. Staples & R. Simão-Bianchini. 2015. A synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas: Further corrections, changes, and additions. Taxon 64(3): 625–633.
Baksh-Comeau, Y. S., Maharaj, C. D. Adams, S. A. Harris, D. Filer & W. Hawthorne. 2016. An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical ‘hotspots’. Phytotaxa 250: 1–431.
CONABIO. 2009. Catálogo taxonómico de especies de México. 1. In Capital Nat. México. CONABIO, Mexico City.
Carnevali, G., J. L. Tapia-Muñoz, R. Duno de Stefano & I. M. Ramírez-Morillo. 2010. Fl. Ilustr. Peníns. Yucatán 1–326. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida.
Correa A., M. D., C. Galdames & M. Stapf. 2004. Cat. Pl. Vasc. Panamá 1–599. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá.
Davidse, G., M. Sousa Sánchez, S. Knapp & F. Chiang Cabrera. 2012. Rubiaceae a Verbenaceae. 4(2): i–xvi, 1–533. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez, S. Knapp & F. Chiang Cabrera (eds.) Fl. Mesoamer.. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
Flora of China Editorial Committee. 1995. Flora of China (Gentianaceae through Boraginaceae). 16: 1–479. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro.
Funk, V. A., T. H. Hollowell, P. E. Berry, C. L. Kelloff & S. Alexander. 2007. Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55: 1–584. View in Biodiversity Heritage Library
Hammel, B. E. 2010. Convolvulaceae. En: Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Vol. V. B.E. Hammel, M.H. Grayum, C. Herrera & N. Zamora (eds.). Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 119: 72–126.
Hokche, O., P. E. Berry & O. Huber. (eds.) 2008. Nuevo Cat. Fl. Vasc. Venez. 1–859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela, Caracas.
Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., R. D. C. Ortiz, R. Callejas Posada & M. Merello. (eds.) 2011. Fl. Antioquia: Cat. 2: 9–939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck. (eds.) 2014. Cat. Pl. Vasc. Bolivia, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 127(1–2): i–viii, 1–1744. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
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Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali (eds). 1980-2005. Fl. Pakistan Univ. of Karachi, Karachi.
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Pérez J., L. A., M. Sousa Sánchez, A. M. Hanan-Alipi, F. Chiang Cabrera & P. Tenorio L. 2005. Vegetación terrestre. Cap. 4: 65–110. In J. Bueno, F Álvarez & S. Santiago (eds.) Biodivers. Tabasco. CONABIO-UNAM, México.
Schatz, G. E., S. Andriambololonera, P.P. Lowry II, P.B. Phillipson, M. Rabarimanarivo, J. I. Raharilala, F. A. Rajaonary, N. Rakotonirina, R. H. Ramananjanahary, B. Ramandimbisoa, A. Randrianasolo, N. Ravololomanana, C. M. Taylor & J. C. Brinda. 2020. Catalogue of the Plants of Madagascar.
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The diameter of the flower is about φ4 cm and it is a very cute flower.
野生系のアサガオです。花の直径はφ4cm ほどの大変可愛らしい花です。
SONY NEX-7
Canon Macro Lens EF-S 60mm F2.8 USM
Fohat is a term of unknown origin, although H. P. Blavatsky claims it comes from the Tibetan language. According to her it is "one of the most, if not the most important character in esoteric Cosmogony". Maybe because of this, it can be found in many forms. As Mme. Blavatsky said:
Fohat is a generic term and used in many senses. He is the light (Daiviprakriti) of all the three logoi—the personified symbols of the three spiritual stages of Evolution. Fohat is the aggregate of all the spiritual creative ideations above, and of all the electro-dynamic and creative forces below, in Heaven and on Earth.
Fohat is "the animating principle electrifying every atom into life." During the process of manifestation it is the cosmic energy which produces the differentiation of primordial cosmic matter to form the different planes. In the manifested Universe, Fohat is the link between spirit and matter, subject and object.A term and concept which appears throughout “The Secret Doctrine” by H.P. Blavatsky – and especially in the first volume titled “Cosmogenesis” – is FOHAT.
What is this mysterious yet vitally important thing called Fohat which happens to be “the key in Occultism which opens and unriddles the multiform symbols and respective allegories in the so-called mythology of every nation”?
The word itself has been identified as ’phro-wa (verb form) and spros-pa (noun form) in Tibetan transliteration. In the Eastern Esoteric Science taught in Theosophy, Fohat is always spoken of in terms of cosmic or universal electricity, vitality, energy, and life force. Just as every living human being is animated, vitalised, and held together by the principle of Prana within them, as explained further in the article The Sevenfold Nature of Man, so the universe itself is animated, vitalised, and powered from within by Prana on the macrocosmic level, i.e. Universal Prana…and this is Fohat.
HPB states that it is “the active force in Universal Life” and “the personified electric vital power, the transcendental binding Unity of all Cosmic Energies, on the unseen as on the manifested planes, the action of which resembles – on an immense scale – that of a living Force created by WILL, in those phenomena where the seemingly subjective acts on the seemingly objective and propels it to action.”
If we go to HPB’s “Theosophical Glossary” (a valuable book for all students of the Philosophy) and turn to the entry for “Fohat” we find it described and defined as –
“…the active (male) potency of the Shakti (female reproductive power) in nature. The essence of cosmic electricity. An occult Tibetan term for Daiviprakriti, primordial light: and in the universe of manifestation the ever-present electrical energy and ceaseless destructive and formative power. Esoterically, it is the same, Fohat being the universal propelling Vital Force, at once the propeller and the resultant.” (bold added for emphasis in this article)
If we then turn to the entry for “Daiviprakriti” we find this: “Primordial, homogeneous light, called by some Indian Occultists “the Light of the Logos”; when differentiated this light becomes FOHAT.”
One of the Indian occultists (i.e. esotericists) we know of who used the term “Daiviprakriti” in this way was T. Subba Row, Madame Blavatsky’s highly gifted and erudite friend and associate during the time she lived in India in the 1880s. He was known to have been an initiated disciple of the Master M., who was also the Guru of HPB herself, and the nature and content of many of his writings indicate a close acquaintance with the Secret Doctrine itself, the Esoteric Doctrine preserved, guarded, and taught by the Masters and Adepts.
A few so-called scholars and academic researchers in today’s Theosophical world have asserted in confident – if not perhaps conceited – tones that no such term as “Daiviprakriti” actually exists and that it therefore must have been either an invention of HPB and T. Subba Row or a mistaken term used by them in ignorance. One such scholar has also informed Theosophists that the Sanskrit term “Mulaprakriti,” which is used frequently by HPB and Subba Row and said by them to be a technical term used in the Vedanta philosophy of Hinduism, is in fact never used at all in Vedanta or by any Vedantins and that thus they are again mistaken.
It would not be out of place here to mention that these individuals are themselves mistaken on both grounds. There are plenty of Hindus who are familiar with the term “Daiviprakriti,” albeit generally spelling it as “Deviprakriti,” which is pronounced in exactly the same way.
In his article “Suddha Dharma Mandalam,” Raghavendra Raghu writes of “Bhagavan Narayana [i.e. the Universal Logos in Theosophical terminology], abiding in his own form, made up of brilliant material particles of what is known as “DeviPrakriti,” in the Uttara-Badari region of the Himalayas.”
The term is used particularly amongst certain sects and groups of Vaishnavas, devotees of Vishnu, just as the term “Mulaprakriti” is used freely by all types of Vedantins, followers of both the Advaita and Vishistadvaita philosophies included. It would certainly have been a surprise to the late Swami Sivananda – a famous Advaitee still revered today all across India as one of the greatest scholars, experts, and teachers of Vedanta – to be informed by our self-styled scholars that he had been mistaken and ignorant all his life in quite frequently speaking of Mulaprakriti in his writings.
But with that, and with Madame Blavatsky vindicated yet again of yet another false charge, we will let the matter drop and go back to Fohat.
Whenever a new universal life cycle, or Maha-Manvantara, begins, the ONE Absolute Infinite Divine Principle (most frequently referred to as Parabrahm or Parabrahman in Theosophy) radiates forth from Itself the Logos, which is the Living Universe itself. But the universe doesn’t just appear full and complete all at once. It is an extremely gradual and meticulous process of evolution, from universals to particulars, from the macrocosmic level down to the microcosmic level.
The way this all comes about is with the help and assistance of Fohat, which is the direct manifestation or emanation of the Universal Logos itself. (See Understanding the Logos) The Logos is the all-ensouling Light and Life of the Universe. The way the body of the universe – and everything in it – is brought into existence, enlivened, vitalised, and sustained, is by the work of Fohat, the nature and activity of which can only really be described as Universal Electricity.
“From the purely occult and Cosmical” perspective, writes HPB, Fohat is “the “Son of the Son,” the androgynous energy resulting from this “Light of the Logos,” and which manifests in the plane of the objective Universe as the hidden, as much as the revealed, Electricity – which is LIFE.”
Fohat is described as “the Son of the Son” because it is the direct offspring, so to speak, of the Logos, which is itself the direct radiation from the Absolute. In his “Notes on the Bhagavad Gita,” T. Subba Row speaks of Fohat as being “the one instrument with which the Logos works.”
This is further expanded upon throughout “The Secret Doctrine” with such explanations as, “Fohat, running along the Seven Principles of Akasha, acts upon manifested substance or the One Element … and by differentiating it into various centres of Energy, sets in motion the law of Cosmic Evolution, which, in obedience to the Ideation of the Universal Mind, brings into existence all the various states of being in the manifested Solar System” and the statement that in the objective or manifested universe Fohat “is that Occult, electric, vital power, which, under the Will of the Creative Logos, unites and brings together all forms, giving them the first impulse which becomes in time law.”
Also –
* “When the “Divine Son” breaks forth, then Fohat becomes the propelling force, the active Power which causes the ONE to become TWO and THREE – on the Cosmic plane of manifestation. The triple One differentiates into the many, and then Fohat is transformed into that force which brings together the elemental atoms and makes them aggregate and combine.”
* “In the manifested Universe, there is “that” which links spirit to matter, subject to object. This something, at present unknown to Western speculation, is called by the occultists Fohat.”
* “It is the “bridge” by which the “Ideas” existing in the “Divine Thought” are impressed on Cosmic substance as the “laws of Nature.” Fohat is thus the dynamic energy of Cosmic Ideation; or, regarded from the other side, it is the intelligent medium, the guiding power of all manifestation, the “Thought Divine” transmitted and made manifest through the Dhyan Chohans, the Architects of the visible World.”
* “Fohat, in its various manifestations, is the mysterious link between Mind and Matter, the animating principle electrifying every atom into life.”The attraction or charge between the sky and the earth intensifies towards an irresistible point of tension and the coils that develop upwards connect with those that descend: now Fohat breaks out and the violet is transformed into the flaming blue and white flash, to which we are accustomed and the voltage difference between the sky and the earth is neutralized.Fohat's invocation/evocation rite is well underway as well as the formation of an antahkarana between heaven and earth.
From a geographical perspective, it is interesting to learn from “The Secret Doctrine” that the work of Fohat as regards our own planet is closely linked – via “his four fiery (electro-positive) Sons” with the Equator, the Ecliptic, and the climates of the two Tropics, i.e. the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn, the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
Also, the North Pole and South Pole – “the two ends of the Egg of Matter” and also referred to esoterically as the head and the feet of Mother Earth – “are said to be the store-houses, the receptacles and liberators, at the same time, of Cosmic and terrestrial Vitality (Electricity); from the surplus of which the Earth, had it not been for these two natural “safety-valves,” would have been rent to pieces long ago.”
We are also told that the phenomenon of the Northern Lights, called Aurora Borealis, as well as the Aurora Australis or Southern Lights, are intimately connected with Fohat.
It would seem strange to think of or look upon something as presumably impersonal as Universal Electricity as a type of Entity, yet “Fohat is not only the living Symbol and Container of that Force, but is looked upon by the Occultists as an Entity – the forces he acts upon being cosmic, human and terrestrial, and exercising their influence on all those planes respectively … the primordial Electric Entity – for the Eastern Occultists insist that Electricity is an Entity – electrifies into life, and separates primordial stuff or pregenetic matter into atoms, themselves the source of all life and consciousness.”
The mystery deepens when we are reminded that “It is through Fohat that the ideas of the Universal Mind are impressed upon matter,” only to then read in the next sentence that “Some faint idea of the nature of Fohat may be gathered from the appellation “Cosmic Electricity” sometimes applied to it; but to the commonly known properties of electricity must, in this case, be added others, including intelligence. It is of interest to note that modern science has come to the conclusion, that all cerebration and brain-activity are attended by electrical phenomena.”
Then further on we discover that “Each world has its Fohat, who is omnipresent in his own sphere of action. But there are as many Fohats as there are worlds, each varying in power and degree of manifestations. The individual Fohats make one Universal, Collective Fohat – the aspect-Entity of the one absolute Non-Entity, which is absolute Be-Ness, “SAT.” Millions and billions of worlds are produced at every Manvantara – it is said. Therefore there must be many Fohats, whom we consider as conscious and intelligent Forces. This, no doubt, to the disgust of scientific minds.”
It must be remembered though that although being imbued with and expressing sufficient intelligence and power as to be considered an Entity, Fohat is most definitely not some type of anthropomorphic deity or personal spiritual being.
“While science speaks of its evolution through brute matter, blind force, and senseless motion, the Occultists point to intelligent LAW and sentient LIFE, and add that Fohat is the guiding Spirit of all this. Yet he is no personal god at all, but the emanation of those other Powers behind him whom the Christians call the “Messengers” of their God, and we, the “… primordial Sons of Life and Light”.”
We said earlier that Fohat is the direct manifestation or resultant emanation of the one Universal Logos. Then how can it also be said that Fohat is the emanation of Powers (plural) who are the “primordial Sons of Life and Light”?
The answer is this: the one Logos is in fact the unified and collective aggregate of Seven Primordial Rays, called “the Primordial Seven” in the Stanzas of Dzyan on which the teaching in “The Secret Doctrine” is based. This is symbolised as the Central Spiritual Sun being comprised of Seven Rays which radiate forth from it in order to make the universe what it is. The Primordial Seven are also called the seven Dhyani Buddhas or seven chief Dhyan Chohans. Admittedly such things are almost entirely beyond our proper comprehension but if we can at least grasp the basics of them at a simple level we may be able to eventually get somewhere with the help of our applied spiritual intuition and elevated thought.
This explains why in the second volume (“Anthropogenesis”) of “The Secret Doctrine” we read of the fact that the Logos “acts only mediately through FOHAT, or Dhyan-Chohanic energy” and of “the universal guiding FOHAT, rich with the Divine and Dhyan-Chohanic thought.”
The fifth Stanza from the Secret Book of Dzyan in the first volume of “The Secret Doctrine” is almost entirely about Fohat. Following on from the fourth Stanza which is titled “The Septenary Hierarchies” it is in its turn titled “Fohat: The Child of the Septenary Hierarchies.” We quote its first five shlokas or verses below. Some of it will now make sense in light of what we’ve already looked at in this article and the understanding of the rest of it can be gained from personally reading and studying the book, which is always the best way of acquiring knowledge and understanding, rather than depending on others.
1. THE PRIMORDIAL SEVEN, THE FIRST SEVEN BREATHS OF THE DRAGON OF WISDOM, PRODUCE IN THEIR TURN FROM THEIR HOLY CIRCUMGYRATING BREATHS THE FIERY WHIRLWIND.
2. THEY MAKE OF HIM THE MESSENGER OF THEIR WILL. THE DZYU BECOMES FOHAT, THE SWIFT SON OF THE DIVINE SONS WHOSE SONS ARE THE LIPIKA, RUNS CIRCULAR ERRANDS. FOHAT IS THE STEED AND THE THOUGHT IS THE RIDER. HE PASSES LIKE LIGHTNING THROUGH THE FIERY CLOUDS; TAKES THREE, AND FIVE, AND SEVEN STRIDES THROUGH THE SEVEN REGIONS ABOVE, AND THE SEVEN BELOW. HE LIFTS HIS VOICE, AND CALLS THE INNUMERABLE SPARKS, AND JOINS THEM.
3. HE IS THEIR GUIDING SPIRIT AND LEADER. WHEN HE COMMENCES WORK, HE SEPARATES THE SPARKS OF THE LOWER KINGDOM THAT FLOAT AND THRILL WITH JOY IN THEIR RADIANT DWELLNGS, AND FORMS THEREWITH THE GERMS OF WHEELS. HE PLACES THEM IN THE SIX DIRECTIONS OF SPACE, AND ONE IN THE MIDDLE – THE CENTRAL WHEEL.
4. FOHAT TRACES SPIRAL LINES TO UNITE THE SIXTH TO THE SEVENTH – THE CROWN; AN ARMY OF THE SONS OF LIGHT STANDS AT EACH ANGLE, AND THE LIPIKA IN THE MIDDLE WHEEL. THEY SAY: THIS IS GOOD, THE FIRST DIVINE WORLD IS READY, THE FIRST IS NOW THE SECOND. THEN THE “DIVINE ARUPA” REFLECTS ITSELF IN CHHAYA LOKA, THE FIRST GARMENT OF THE ANUPADAKA.
5. FOHAT TAKES FIVE STRIDES AND BUILDS A WINGED WHEEL AT EACH CORNER OF THE SQUARE, FOR THE FOUR HOLY ONES AND THEIR ARMIES.
One thing which is always important to bear in mind, especially for those of us who have grown up with or acquired the habit of interpreting spiritual texts and phrases literally is that Eastern spiritual teachings are abundant with symbolic, allegorical, and figurative terms and illustrations. HPB always emphasised that we should be careful not to mistake the word for the thing. Thus the “Dragon of Wisdom” in no way means any type of actual dragon but rather is a special symbolic term for the Universal Logos. Similarly, Fohat (whose initial activity is akin to a “fiery whirlwind”) “lifting his voice” does not refer to Fohat as some type of anthropomorphic entity shouting out a command but has reference to the metaphysical power of sound in the construction of the universe…and so on.
Further esoteric terminology in “The Secret Doctrine” speaks of the Seven Brothers of Fohat who are also at the same time the Seven Sons of Fohat.
“Fohat, the constructive Force of Cosmic Electricity, is said, metaphorically to have sprung like Rudra from Brahma “from the brain of the Father and the bosom of the Mother,” and then to have metamorphosed himself into a male and a female, i.e., polarity, into positive and negative electricity,” says HPB, continuing, “He has seven sons who are his brothers; and Fohat is forced to be born time after time whenever any two of his son-brothers indulge in too close contact – whether an embrace or a fight.”
She adds that “The Seven “Sons-brothers,” however, represent and personify the seven forms of Cosmic magnetism called in practical Occultism the “Seven Radicals,” whose co-operative and active progeny are, among other energies, Electricity, Magnetism, Sound, Light, Heat, Cohesion, etc.”
Just as the One Logos is actually the unified and collective aggregate of the Seven Primordial Rays, so Fohat is itself the unified and collective aggregate of the Seven Radicals. Thus in their noumenal state they are his Brothers and in their phenomenal state they are his Sons. The Seven Brothers are cosmic electricity as CAUSE; the Seven Sons are cosmic electricity as EFFECT.
Although the Tibetan term “Fohat” is the term used by the Masters and H.P. Blavatsky, nevertheless Fohat is seemingly nothing other than Kundalini.
HPB describes Kundalini as being “a fiery electro-spiritual force,” the “Fohatic power” which underlies everything visible and invisible. In “The Voice of the Silence” it is called “The World’s Mother,” the Mother of the World and Mother of the Universe. T. Subba Row says of Kundalini that it is “the power or Force which moves in a curved path. It is the Universal Life-Principle manifesting everywhere in nature. This force includes the two great forces of attraction and repulsion. Electricity and magnetism are but manifestations of it.”
HPB says of Fohat that “The ancients represented it by a serpent, for “Fohat hisses as he glides hither and thither” (in zigzags).” And by what illustrative symbol has Kundalini always been represented? A serpent.
Kundalini is the active power of the Universal Logos. It is the Mother of the manifested Universe. It is omnipresent universal Life, universal Fire, universal Electricity. Kundalini, it seems, is Fohat and Fohat is Kundalini.
It should be added here, however, that the practice known as Kundalini Yoga is potentially highly dangerous on all levels – physical, psychological, and spiritual – and that Theosophy always warns people against trying to do things to or with the power of the Kundalini within themselves. The Masters have stated emphatically that this Force can kill just as easily as it can create.
There is no need whatsoever for us to be messing about with our Kundalini and those who do so are almost always doing so with selfish motives such as attempting to acquire psychic or spiritual powers or to be able to have amazing spiritual experiences or sensations of bliss for themselves. Desire is the cause of all suffering, as the Lord Buddha always taught, and the desire for spiritual experiences is just as detrimental to the soul as the desire for sensual and carnal experiences. Even mainstream psychiatrists are now beginning to note the increasing number of people becoming seriously mentally ill, often with schizophrenia or similar conditions, as a result of trying to awaken their Kundalini.
It is almost impossible to adequately express in any way such lofty spiritual concepts in words and language which is no doubt one reason why many esoteric texts use symbols instead. “The Secret Doctrine” says far more about Fohat than can be expressed in an article like this but it is hoped that this attempt to provide a general overview of the topic has been interesting, inspiring, and thought provoking for you who have read it.
“Manvantaric impulse commences with the re-awakening of Cosmic Ideation (the “Universal Mind”) concurrently with, and parallel to the primary emergence of Cosmic Substance – the latter being the manvantaric vehicle of the former – from its undifferentiated pralayic state. Then, absolute wisdom mirrors itself in its Ideation; which, by a transcendental process, superior to and incomprehensible by human Consciousness, results in Cosmic Energy (Fohat). Thrilling through the bosom of inert Substance, Fohat impels it to activity, and guides its primary differentiations on all the Seven planes of Cosmic Consciousness … Aryan antiquity called them the Seven Prakriti, or Natures, serving, severally, as the relatively homogeneous basis, which in the course of the increasing heterogeneity (in the evolution of the Universe) differentiate into the marvellous complexity presented by phenomena on the planes of perception.” – H.P. Blavatsky, The Secret Doctrine
blavatskytheosophy.com/fohat-the-cosmic-electricity/
Fohat (Tib.) A term used to represent the active (male) potency of the Sakti (female reproductive power) in nature. The essence of cosmic electricity. An occult Tibetan term for Daiviprakriti, primordial light: and in the universe of manifestation the ever-present electrical energy and ceaseless destructive and formative power. Esoterically, it is the same, Fohat being the universal propelling Vital Force, at once the propeller and the resultant
At the beginning of a manvantara the Wisdom-aspect of the Absolute radiates the Pre-Cosmic Ideation, which manifests as the Cosmic Ideation. The latter eventually gives rise to Fohat. In Mme. Blavatsky's words:
Absolute wisdom mirrors itself in its Ideation; which, by a transcendental process, superior to and incomprehensible by human Consciousness, results in Cosmic Energy (Fohat).[6]
Fohat is the active power through which the plan for the new universe present in the Logos is manifested objectively, thus providing a bridge between the subjective spirit and the objective matter:
But just as the opposite poles of subject and object, spirit and matter, are but aspects of the One Unity in which they are synthesized, so, in the manifested Universe, there is “that” which links spirit to matter, subject to object.
This something, at present unknown to Western speculation, is called by the occultists Fohat. It is the “bridge” by which the “Ideas” existing in the “Divine Thought” are impressed on Cosmic substance as the “laws of Nature”. Fohat is thus the dynamic energy of Cosmic Ideation; or, regarded from the other side, it is the intelligent medium, the guiding power of all manifestation, the “Thought Divine” transmitted and made manifest through the Dhyan Chohans, the Architects of the visible World. . . . Fohat, in its various manifestations, is the mysterious link between Mind and Matter, the animating principle electrifying every atom into life.
It is also the cause for the differentiation of the primordial matter into the seven planes
Thrilling through the bosom of inert Substance, Fohat impels it to activity, and guides its primary differentiations on all the Seven planes of Cosmic Consciousness.
In the phenomenal and Cosmic World, he is that Occult, electric, vital power, which, under the Will of the Creative Logos, brings together the elemental atoms and makes them aggregate and combine. Fohat, running along the seven principles of AKASA, acts upon manifested substance or the One Element and by differentiating it into various centres of Energy, sets in motion the law of Cosmic Evolution, which, in obedience to the Ideation of the Universal Mind, brings into existence all the various states of being in the manifested Solar System.
Fohat manifests in different ways on each plane:
On the earthly plane his influence is felt in the magnetic and active force generated by the strong desire of the magnetizer. On the Cosmic, it is present in the constructive power that carries out, in the formation of things -- from the planetary system down to the glow-worm and simple daisy -- the plan in the mind of nature, or in the Divine Thought, with regard to the development and growth of that special thing. He is, metaphysically, the objectivised thought of the gods; the "Word made flesh," on a lower scale, and the messenger of Cosmic and human ideations: the active force in Universal Life. In his secondary aspect, Fohat is the Solar Energy, the electric vital fluid,* and the preserving fourth principle, the animal Soul of Nature, so to say, or -- Electricity.
Since Fohat acts as the power of attraction between atoms, it is seen as the Divine Love:
Fohat, in his capacity of DIVINE LOVE (Eros), the electric Power of affinity and sympathy, is shown allegorically as trying to bring the pure Spirit, the Ray inseparable from the ONE absolute, into union with the Soul, the two constituting in Man the MONAD, and in Nature the first link between the ever unconditioned and the manifested.
Interestingly, Fohat is seen as an entity (without implying anthropomorphism). Mme. Blavatsky wrote:
Fohat, then, is the personified electric vital power, the transcendental binding Unity of all Cosmic Energies, on the unseen as on the manifested planes, the action of which resembles --on an immense scale-- that of a living Force created by WILL, in those phenomena where the seemingly subjective acts on the seemingly objective and propels it to action. Fohat is not only the living Symbol and Container of that Force, but is looked upon by the Occultists as an Entity -- the forces he acts upon being cosmic, human and terrestrial, and exercising their influence on all those planes respectively.
According to Mme. Blavatsky the swastika is the symbol for the activity of Fohat:
The "secret formula" constituting free energy, the "Living Fire", was named under the code name of "Vril" (name probably derived from virile Latin) by the English novelist and philosopher Lord Edward Bulwer-Lytton (1803/1873) * in his novel The Coming Race ("The Coming Race") published in 1871.
Few world-symbols are more pregnant with real occult meaning than the Swastica. It is the emblem of the activity of Fohat, of the continual revolution of the “wheels”, and of the Four Elements, the “Sacred Four”. One initiated into the mysteries of the meaning of the Swastica, say the Commentaries, “can trace on it, with mathematical precision, the evolution of Kosmos and the whole period of Sandhya.” Also “the relation of the Seen to the Unseen”, and “the first procreation of man and species”
Darap Subba is serene village in Sikkim is seated near the town Pelling with wide rolling ranch lands and paddy fields
Many of you will know I discovered Blythe through the blog of scrapbooker Martha (Subba*cultcha) in May last year. A few months later I discovered Button Arcade through Martha's Flickr stream. I have been a huge fan of BA dresses ever since, and although I had 8, that first unicorn one of Martha's I saw was always the ultimate in my eyes. So when I saw Martha was parting with it I was so desperate for it to come to me! Fortunately for me I did manage to get it, and of course the princess had to wear it first with her favourite ET helmet :D Thank you so much Martha for introducing me to this amazing, addicitve and crazy hobby, and for letting me have my favourite Blythe dress of all time <3
Visionary Poet of the Millennium
An Indian poet Prophet
Seshendra Sharma
October 20th, 1927 - May 30th, 2007
tribupedia.com/seshendra-sharma-memorial-tribute/
www.facebook.com/GunturuSeshendraSharma/
eBooks :http://kinige.com/author/Gunturu+Seshendra+Sharma
Seshendra Sharma is one of the most outstanding minds of modern Asia. He is the foremost of the Telugu poets today who has turned poetry to the gigantic strides of human history and embellished literature with the thrills and triumphs of the 20th century. A revolutionary poet who spurned the pedestrian and pedantic poetry equally, a brilliant critic and a scholar of Sanskrit, this versatile poet has breathed a new vision of modernity to his vernacular.Such minds place Telugu on the world map of intellectualism. Readers conversant with names like Paul Valery, Gauguin, and Dag Hammarskjold will have to add the name of Seshendra Sharma the writer from India to that dynasty of intellectuals.
Rivers and poets
Are veins and arteries
Of a country.
Rivers flow like poems
For animals, for birds
And for human beings-
The dreams that rivers dream
Bear fruit in the fields
The dreams that poets dream
Bear fruit in the people-
* * * * * *
The sunshine of my thought fell on the word
And its long shadow fell upon the century
Sun was playing with the early morning flowers
Time was frightened at the sight of the martyr-
-Seshendra Sharma
B.A: Andhra Christian College: Guntur: A.P: India
B.L : Madras University: Madras
Deputy Municipal Commissioner (37 Years)
Dept of Municipal Administration, Government of Andhra Pradesh
Parents: G.Subrahmanyam (Father) ,Ammayamma (Mother)
Siblings: Anasuya,Devasena (Sisters),Rajasekharam(Younger brother)
Wife: Mrs.Janaki Sharma
Children: Vasundhara , Revathi (Daughters),
Vanamaali ,Saatyaki (Sons)
Seshendra Sharma better known as Seshendra is
a colossus of Modern Indian poetry.
His literature is a unique blend of the best of poetry and poetics.
Diversity and depth of his literary interests and his works
are perhaps hitherto unknown in Indian literature.
From poetry to poetics, from Mantra Sastra to Marxist Politics his writings bear an unnerving pprint of his rare genius.
His scholar ship and command over Sanskrit , English and Telugu Languages has facilitated his emergence as a towering personality of comparative literature in the 20th century world literature.
T.S.Eliot ,ArchbaldMacleish and Seshendra Sharma are trinity of world poetry and Poetics.
His sense of dedication to the genre of art he chooses to express himself and
the determination to reach the depths of subject he undertakes to explore
place him in the galaxy of world poets / world intellectuals.
Seshendra’seBooks :http://kinige.com/author/Gunturu+Seshendra+Sharma
Seshendra Sharma’s Writings Copyright © Saatyaki S/o Seshendra Sharma
Contact :saatyaki@gmail.com+919441070985+917702964402
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GunturuSeshendraSarma: an extraordinary poet-scholar
One of the ironies in literature is that
he came to be known more as a critic than a poet
HYDERABAD: An era of scholastic excellence and poetic grandeur has come to an end in the passing away of GunturuSeshendraSarma, one of the foremost poets and critics in Telugu literature. His mastery over western literature and Indian `AlankaraSastra' gave his works a stunning imagery, unparalleled in modern Indian works. One of the ironies in literature is that he came to be known more as a critic than a poet. The Central SahityaAkademi award was conferred on him for his work `KaalaRekha' and not for his poetic excellence. The genius in him made him explore `Kundalini Yoga' in his treatise on Ramayana in `Shodasi' convincingly. His intellectual quest further made him probe `NaishadhaKaavya' in the backdrop of `LalitaSahasraNaamavali', `SoundaryaLahari' and `Kama Kala Vilasam' in `SwarnaHamsa', Seshendra saw the entire universe as a storehouse of images and signs to which imagination was to make value-addition. Like Stephene Mallarme who was considered a prophet of symbolism in French literature, SeshendraSarma too believed that art alone would survive in the universe along with poetry. He believed that the main vocation of human beings was to be artists and poets. His `Kavisena Manifesto' gave a new direction to modern criticism making it a landmark work in poetics. Telugus would rue the intellectual impoverishment they suffered in maintaining a `distance' from him. Seshendra could have given us more, but we did not deserve it! The denial of the Jnanpeeth Award to him proves it
The Hindu
India's National Newspaper
Friday, Jun 01, 2007
Who Are The Legal Heirs of Seshendra Sharma ?
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The literary world is aware that my father Gunturu Seshendra Sharma, eminent poet, litterateur and scholar-critic, died on 30th may 2007. Ever since he expired, there has been no mention of his parents, family members and other personal details in the news and in the articles about him. Not only this, fictional lies are being spread and using money power one shady lady is being propagated as his wife and so on. This has been causing me, as his son, a great mental agony. That is why, through this article, I am revealing certain fundamental truths to the literary field of this country and the civilized society. I appeal to your conscience to uphold truth, justice and values of our composite culture.
Seshendra Sharma's family members are: Parents: Subrahmanyam Sharma, Ammaayamma- Wife: Janaki Daughters: Vasundhara, Revathi, Sons: Vanamali, Saatyaki. Only these two are legal heirs of Seshendra Sharma, socially and morally too.
Street Play and Circus: In 1972, away from the civilized society, without the knowledge of parents and near and dear, in a far flung village called Halebeed in Karnataka a circus, a street play was staged. Let me make it clear that even after this street play my father did not divorce my mother Mrs.G.Janaki legally. He never had even a faint intention of committing such an uncivilized act. On the contrary, in all crucial Government documents he nominated my mother as his legal heir from time to time. During his long career as Municipal Commissioner with The Government of Andhra Pradesh, he retired 3 times. His first retirement came in 1975 by way of compulsory retirement for his anti establishment writings during Mrs. Gandhi's' emergency. His second retirement came in 1983 when the then new chief minister N.T. Rama Rao's government reduced the age of service from 58 to 55 years. The third and final retirement in the year 1985 on attaining 58 years of age. On all these occasions, in all the government documents, my father Seshendra Sharma nominated my mother Mrs. Janaki as his legal heir. This is precisely why the self contradictory 'second marriage' is a circus enacted away from the society and Law does not recognize this type of street plays as marriage.
Lakshmi Parvathi in literature
N.T. Rama Rao, actor turned politician married Ms. Lakshimi Parvathi in 1994 and subsequently in January 1995 he came to power for the second time. She used to act as an extra constitutional power and run the matters of government and the party. She developed her own coterie of cohorts and started dominating the party. After NTR was toppled by his own son- in-law, most of them parted ways with her. And the remaining touts left her for good the day NTR breathed his last. Ms.Indira Dhanrajgir has been playing the same role in Telugu literature over a period of more than 3 decades. In the guise of literature she developed her own coterie of lumpens with extra literary and money mongering elements - Tangirala Subba Rao, Velichala Kondala RAo(Editor:Jayanthi) Cheekolu Sundarayya(A.G.'s Office, Hyderabad et al).
There are a couple[ of dissimilarities between these two instances. After the demise of NTR, L.P's coterie of cohorts disappeared once and for all. Whereas, in Indira Dhanrajgir's case new lumpens are entering the field with the passage of time. Squandering her late father's wealth, she is roping in new touts. Since NTR's wife Basava Tarakam passed away in 1984 and since he was old and sick NTR's marriage with LP has ethical basis and is legal completely. Whereas I.D's is neither ethical nor legal. Hence it is a street play. This is the reason why after my father's death she has been spending money on a larger scale and indulging in false publicity and propaganda. Bh. Krishna Murthy, Sadasiva Sharma (The then Editor of Andhra Prabha:Telugu Daily, presently with Hindi Milap) Chandrasekhara Rao(Telugu lecturer: Methodist Degree College) etc. are indulging in all sorts of heinous acts to prop up I.D as my father's wife.
My father passed away on 30 May 2007. When our family was in grief and I was performing the 11 day ritual as per my mother's wish, the above mentioned Sadasiva Sharma went to Municipal Office on 4th June, created ruckus, played havoc telling them that he is from the Prime Minister's Office , мейд some 'senior officials' make phone calls to the officials concerned and got my father's death certificate forcibly issued. When the entire family was mourning the death of the family head, a stranger and a lumpen S.S -Why did he collect my father's death certificate forcibly from the municipal authorities? Whom did he collect it for?
THREE NAMES OF THE SAME PERSON IN 3 DECADES
This is perhaps for the first time that the name of a lady appears in 3 forms at a time. Perhaps in 1970, in my father's collection of poems"PAKSHULU her name appeared As Rajkumari Indira Devi Dhanrajgir. In 2006 she published a fake version of Kamaostav(Rewritten by a muffian Called Chandrasekhara Rao) . In this book her name appears as R.I.D.D. Prior to 1970 in Maqdoom Mohiuddeen's(Renowned Urdu Poet) anthology of poetry 'Bisath -E-Raks', in Urdu as well as Hindi , at the end of two poems her name appears as Kumari Indira Dhanrajgir. On 15th June 2007 A.P state cultural affairs department and Telugu University jointly held my father's memorial meeting. I.D hijacked this meeting by issuing her own commercial advertisements in English and Telugu dailies. In these advertisements her name appeared as Smt. Indira Devi Seshendra Sharma and again in the commercial public notices мейд by her in the month of November 2007her name appeared as Rajkumari devi etc. Why does her name appear in different forms on different occasions? Will I.D explain? Will Sadasiva Sharma clarify, who forcibly took my father's death certificate after four days of his death? Or will Bh.Krishna Murthy clarify?
If I.D has even an iota of regard, respect for or faith in love, or relation, the institution of marriage, immediately after'Halebeed Circus', she would have used my father's family sir name and her name would have appeared as Gunturu Indira. Since she was conscious of her goal during all times and conditions she did not take such a hasty and mindless step of change of her name.
WHERE DOES THE REAL SECRET LIE? Her life is totally illegal, anti-social and immoral. I.D's father performed her marriage with SRikishenSeth, Nephew of the then Prime minister to Nizam, Maharaja Kishen pershad in 1945. On the day of marriage itself I.D beat SrikeshenSeth up and ran away from him. She did not stop at that. She propagated among his friends and relatives and near and dear that he was not enough of a man and unfit for conjugal/ marital life. She filed a divorce case against him and dragged it till 1969/70. Lion's share of her husband's life got evaporated and was sapped completely by then. His parents used to approach I.D's father and plead with him to prevail upon his daughter, put sense into her head and see that she either lives with their son or dissolves the marriage legally so that they can remarry off their son. But I.D did not heed. Raja Dhanrajgir after getting disgusted with her nasty activities stipulated a mandatory condition in his will. He stated that I.D would be entitled to get a share of his property only if she is married.
This is the reason why ID who has no respect for the institution of marriage or regard or desire for marital life , in the guise of love and love poetry inflicted indelible blemish on the institution of marriage which is unprecedented in the literary history of the world. After my father's death she has been indulging in more rigorous false publicity along with her coterie of touts.
KAMOSTAV:STORY OF ID'S SOUL:
With this novel Kamostav, father's literary life came to an end for good. He did not produce literary works worth mentioning in his later phase of life. During those days he asked for my opinion on that novel. I told him clearly that it lacks the form and content of a novel- it does not have a story line, plot, sequences, characters and eventually a message which every novel gives. Hence it is a trash. Several people went to court and got its publication in a weekly stopped. ID got this very trash rewritten completely by Chandrasekhara Rao and printed it. This kind of heinous development has never taken place in the recorded history of Telugu literature till date. A writing which brought disrepute to my father in the literary field and isolated him in the society, why did she get it rewritten by somebody and publish it claiming copyright to be hers? What is her motive? What is her aim? That is why Kamotsav is ID's biography, story of her inner soul.
SESHENDRA'S COPYRIGHTS:
My father gifted away copyrights of his entire works along with their translations to me by way of birth day gift to me on 2.12.1989. Since then I have published several of his works during his lifetime itself. Kamostav, the version that is secretly мейд available is the dirty work of cheapsters and lumpens under the leadership of ID. It is much worse than violation of copyrights. That is the reason why I have been reluctant to take action so far. If she and her debased henchmen try to violate copyrights of my father's works bequeathed to me, I shall take exemplary legal action against them.
ID мейд 2 public notices to the effect that my father cancelled all his earlier transfer of copyrights and retransferred all his rights to her. This is a palace intrigue in the modern era in our civilized society.
WHAT DOES LAW SAY ABOUT COPYRIGHTS?
An author can transfer copyrights of his works to any one as per her/his wish. But the Copyrights Act 1957 and the Supreme Court in its various judgments has clearly stipulated a procedure to revoke earlier assignment and transferring of copyrights to somebody else subsequently. The author has to issue a notice to the 1st assignee, giving 6 months time for reply. Depending on the reply the author can take his next step. Where as in my father's copyrights matter he did not even inform me orally of any such cancellation. ID claims that she has a typed document of transfer of copyrights signed by my father on 5.1.2006. Between 5.1.2006 and 30.5.2007, leave alone issuing a notice, he did not even inform me orally.
My father who assigned copyrights to me in his own handwriting, when he was relatively young and physically fit did not require to cancel the 1st assignment when he was totally dilapidated, almost bedridden and was counting his days. Another important aspect of the matter is that I have printed the Xerox of my father's document in his own works as early as 1995 and have been doing so from time to time during his life time. Where as ID claims to possess a document after my father's death and she has not мейд it public so far. ID tried to get my father's complete works published in different languages by Telugu University (Hyderabad: A.P: India) by paying them Rs. 6 Lakhs. I approached Telugu University and apprised them of facts. On the advice of legal experts, they stopped this project and returned ID's money to her. It is an incontrovertible fact that ID's document is a forged and fraudulent document which does not stand scrutiny before law. Court shall certainly award her exemplary punishment. In all societies and times literature has been social wealth/public property from time immemorial. It should not be used as a mask to grab share of parental property illegally and unethically. I am committed to this cause/ ideal and appeal to the civilized society to strengthen my hands in this endeavor. ID's younger brother Sri Mahendra Pratapgir is the lone legal heir apparent of that family and keeping him in dark, she is squandering her father's wealth in Telugu literature for her nasty propaganda.
FATHER PASSED AWAY:
In 1997 when he suffered the 1st heart attack he was half-dead. Dr.Sudhakar Reddy, cardiologist of Mediciti Hospitals (Native of Warangal.A.P) performed angiogram and diagnosed that he had blocks in arteries and one valve was damaged completely. He advised open heart surgery. But ID averted it and got angioplasty performed. His health declined rapidly since then and was leading the life of virtually an invalid till he breathed his last. He suffered inexplicable mental and physical torture for about a decade. During the last leg of his journey he was isolated from his family completely. He was deserted by one and all in the literary field. When his younger brother passed away, his younger sister passed away he did not visit his ancestral home in his village and call on those families. He became target of jealousy and animosity in the society. He became a victim of false impression with the society that he was an aristocrat and rolling in luxuries. Whereas, he was deprived of even his native vegetarian food for decades together. As a silent and helpless witness to these painful happenings, I was subject to untold mental agony.
In the later half of March 2007 on one of my visits to him, I was aghast at his condition. His entire body was swollen. His appearance was like that of a stuffed gunny bag. I told him to get hospitalized. I told ID to rush him to a hospital. But of no avail. On 30th may 2007 at about 11 pm I got a phone call from her" Come soon/Serious" she said. As I entered at 11.15 pm "Go inside/he is no more' she said.
* * One day when swarms of lamps vanish, in the light of a lonely lamp I ask the dumb pillars "Can't you liberate me from the disgust of this existence? I ask those stand still forest flame trees
which blossom flowers at that very place year after year
"can't you rescue me?
I ask those high roof tops and this Venetian furniture
which every one feels are greater than me, "can't you rescue me from the disgust of this existence?" All these answer in a melancholic voice "We have been languishing since more than 100 years watching the same unchanging scenes we are older prisoners than you are" (Janavamsham: Telugu: Seshendra: Page 80-81:1993: Translated by me)
My father's first biography (in Hindi) titled "Rashtrendu Seshendra: Ashesh Aayaam" by Dr.Vishranth Vasishth appeared in 1994. Touching upon these very sensitive aspects of my father's life he commented in that book"SONE KE PINJRE ME PANCHCHI" (A bird in a golden cage). Alarmed and agonized by his rapidly declining health, as early as June 2002, in order to bring pressure on ID, I gave a 2 cassettes long interview to Vijayaviharam of Janaharsha group. Later on when I enquired about that interview they said that in the raids conducted on their premises, they got destroyed.
I wanted to rescue my father and bring him back home when he was in good health. Alas! At last, I took him to the burial ground, laid him on the funeral pyre and consigned him to flames and returned home all alone.
G.Satyaki S/o Late.G.Seshendra Sharma
Hyderabad.A.P.INDIA
saatyaki@gmail.com ,
+91 94410 70985 , 7702964402
---------------
Pardon Me Father!
I could not rescue him from the clutches of that nymphomaniac and vampire. There may be an exception or two but an average Indian woman desires from the depths of her soul that her husband should live long and she should pass away before him. She performs prayers and fasts on auspicious days for this purpose. She in spite of being 3years elder to him did away with my father in a planned and premeditated manner and I was a silent and helpless witness to it. He suffered 1st Heart attack in November 1997. Cardiologists performed angiogram and advised open heart surgery. Because there were blocks in vessels and one valve was damaged. But she successfully thwarted it and without my knowledge or informing any one got angioplasty done in Mediciti (Hyderabad: AP; India) her plan was to do away with him and live long, and establish herself as his wife through his books. He was succumbing to her blackmail. My overwhelming hunch is that she was threatening him with social insult and humiliation if he parts ways with her.
Between 1997-2007, she played football with his body. He used to be hospitalized every now and then with swollen body and heart pain. Because of damaged valve pumping was impaired and water used to accumulate in the system. Every time I used to force her to hospitalize him. He used be in ICCU for a couple of days and recover marginally. After each visit to hospital he was getting debilitated gradually. He was put on wheel chair. He was virtually under house arrest. He was not allowed to speak to friends and family members. Visitors were kept away. He was taking Lasix (Tablet: is a diuretic that is used to treat fluid accumulation, caused by heart failure, cirrhosis, chronic kidney failure, and nephrotic syndrome.) to flush out water accumulated in his body. This creates a painful dilemma in me whether my interference in his health matters was just. As his son it was my moral duty to protect him. But I sometimes feel if I were not to interfere she would have put him to death long ago and thus he would have escaped from physical and mental torture quite early.
Towards perhaps end of the month of March she withdrew medication. He got swollen suddenly and that condition continued till the last day i.e. 30th may 2007. Each time I visited I used to tell that witch to take him to hospital. But after a couple of visits I got convinced that she made up her mind this time to do away with him. I requested a bastard who was feigning to be a friend of mine, who incidentally happens to be a legal luminary of this region to send a doctor friend to that place and ascertain the exact condition of his health. But of no avail.
I kept on telling him to come out of that place and lead a normal and healthy life. Her blackmail gained an upper hand and I lost in my efforts to restore health to him and bring him back to civilized society. O God pardon me for not being able to outmanoeuvre her machinations. Pardon me father.
1132 - Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily.
1148 - Louis VII of France lays siege to Damascus during the Second Crusade.
1411 - Battle of Harlaw, one of the bloodiest battles in Scotland, takes place.
1487 - Citizens of Leeuwarden Netherlands rebel against ban on foreign beer
1534 - Jacques Cartier, lands in Canada, claims it for France
1554 - Queen Maria of England marries Philip, king of Naples/Jerusalem
1567 - Mary Queen of Scots is forced to abdicate & 1-year-old James VI becomes King of Scotland
1577 - Spanish army/German mercenaries conquer Namur
1577 - Treason of Don Juan in Brussels
1581 - States of Holland/Zealand recognized by Willem van Orange
1651 - Anthony Johnson, a free black, receives grant of 250 acres in Va
1673 - Edmund Halley enters Queen's College, Oxford, as an undergraduate
1683 - 1st settlers from Germany to US, leave aboard Concord
1692 - French defeat William III of England at Steinkirk (Enghein)
1701 - Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac found trading post at Ft Pontchartrain, which later becomes the city of Detroit
1704 - English & Dutch troops occupy Gibraltar
1712 - Battle at Denain: France under Villars beat Dutch army
1745 - Bonnie Prince Charlie becomes King James VIII
1758 - George Washington admitted to Virginia House of Burgess
1783 - Georgia becomes a protectorate of tsarist Russia
1793 - France passes 1st copyright law
1799 - William Clark (of Lewis & Clark) is willed the slave York
1823 - Slavery is abolished in Chile.
1824 - Harrisburg Pennsylvanian newspaper publishes results of 1st public opinion poll. Clear lead for Andrew Jackson
1832 - Benjamin Bonneville leads the first wagon train across the Rocky Mountains by using Wyoming's South Pass.
1833 - HMS Beagle departs Maldonado Uruguay
1847 - Brigham Young & his Mormon followers arrive at Salt Lake City, UT
1847 - Rotary-type printing press patents by Richard March Hoe, NYC
1851 - Window tax abolished in Britain
1861 - Skirmish at Taylor Mountain, (W)VA - CS Gen Wise retreats
1863 - Battle at Battle Mountain, Virginia
1864 - Battle of Winchester, VA US1200 CS600
1866 - Tennessee becomes 1st Confederate state readmitted to Union
1870 - 1st trans-US rail service begins
1877 - 1st time federal troops are used to combat strikers
1883 - Arabi Pasha declares a holy war in Egypt
1886 - China takes British protectorate of Burma
1893 - For only time in history of US Tennis championships, an event is held off the Eastern seaboard. Men's double championship in Chicago
1900 - Race riot in New Orleans, 2 white policemen killed
1901 - O. Henry is released from prison in Austin, Texas after serving three years for embezzlement from a bank.
1902 - Trumper a century before lunch 4th Test Cricket v England
1905 - Treaty of Bjorko: Emperor Wilhelm II/czar Nicholas II
1908 - John Hayes wins 4th olympics marathon (2:55:18.4 world record)
1909 - Bkln Dodger Nap Rucker strikes out 16 Pitts Pirates
1910 - Matador Juan Belmonte (18) kills his 1st bull
1911 - Hiram Bingham discovers Lost City of the Incas
1911 - Cleve's League Park hosts 1st unofficial ML All Star game (benefit game for Addie Joss' family). Cleveland Naps lose to All Stars 5-3
1915 - Excursion ship Eastland capsizes in Lake Michigan, 852 die
1919 - Race Riot in Washington DC (6 killed, 100 wounded)
1921 - Belgium's Leon Scieur wins Tour de France
1923 - Allied Powers & Turkey sign peace treaty, Lausanne
1925 - Scopes guilty of teaching evolution in a Tn HS, fined $100 & costs
1927 - The Menin Gate war memorial is unveiled at Ypres.
1929 - NY to SF foot race ends (2½ months) winner is 60 year old Monteverde
1929 - Pres Hoover proclaims Kellogg-Briand Pact which renounces war
1931 - George Gunn gets 183 & son of a gunn George Vernon 100* same innings
1931 - Paavo Nurmi runs world record 2 mile (8:59.6)
1931 - A fire at a home for the elderly in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania kills 48 people.
1933 - German judge Vogt signs deed of accusation against Van der Lubbe
1933 - #1726 Hoffmeister, #2136 Jugta, #2158, #3957 Sugie & #4589 McDowell
1934 - 1st ptarmigan hatched & reared in captivity, Ithaca, NY
1935 - 1st greeting telegram sent in Britain
1935 - The world's first children's railway opens in Tbilisi, USSR.
1936 - 118°F (48°C), Minden, Nebraska (state record)
1936 - 121°F (49°C), near Alton, Kansas (state record)
1936 - Gen Mola & Cabanellas form Spanish anti-govt
1937 - Alabama drops charges against 5 blacks accused of rape in Scottsboro
1938 - Instant coffee invented
1940 - 1st illegal "Newsletter of Pieter It Hen" publishes in Netherlands
1940 - Linthorst Homan, de Quay & Einthoven forms Dutch Union
1941 - FDR demands Japanese troops out of Indo-China
1941 - Nazi execute entire Jewish population of Grodz Lithuania
1941 - Red Sox Lefty Grove, 41, wins his 300th game
1942 - Irving Berlin's musical "This is the Army," premieres in NYC
1943 - RAF bombs Hamburg (20,000 dead)
1944 - 300 allied bombers drop fire bombs on Allied/German positions
1944 - Soviet forces liberate concentration camp Majdanek
1944 - US troops land on Tinian
1945 - US destroyer Underhill torpedoed West of Guam
1946 - 9 Spokane baseball players (Western League), die in a bus crash
1946 - US performs atmospheric nuclear Test at Bikini Island
1948 - 4 Duluth Minn Dukes (St Louis Cards Class C farm team) die in crash
1948 - Soviets blockades Berlin from west
1949 - Inidian pitcher Bob Lemon hits 2 HRs to beat Senators, 7-5
1950 - V-2/WAC Corporal rocket launch; 1st launch from Cape Canaveral
1952 - 112°F (44°C), Louisville, Georgia (state record)
1952 - Emile Zatopek runs Olympic record 5K (14:06.6)
1952 - Pres Truman settles 53-day steel strike
1953 - KEYT TV channel 3 in Santa Barbara, CA (ABC) begins broadcasting
1955 - Ali Sastroamidjojo of Govt resigns in Indonesia
1955 - Betty Jameson/Mary Faulk wins Virg Hot Springs 4-Ball Golf Tournament
1956 - Brendan Behan's "Quare Fellow," premieres in London
1956 - Dodgers lose to the Reds, 2-1, playing in Jesey City
1957 - KTVC TV channel 6 in Ensign, KS (CBS) begins broadcasting
1957 - US performs nuclear Test at Nevada Test Site
1958 - 14 people named 1st life peers in UK
1958 - Ted Williams is fined $250 for spitting at Boston fans again
1958 - Test Cricket debuts against NZ for Dexter, Illingworth & Subba Row
1959 - 500,000th Dutch TV set registered
1959 - VP Nixon argues with Khrushchev, known as "Kitchen Debate"
1960 - 42nd PGA Championship: Jay Hebert shoots a 281 at Firestone CC Akron
1961 - Beginning of a trend, a US commercial plane is hijacked to Cuba
1961 - Edwin Newman becomes news anchor of Today Show
1961 - Roger Maris hits 4 home runs, in a doubleheader
1963 - 124 Unification church couples wed in Korea
1963 - Dutch govt of Marijnen forms
1964 - -27) race riot in Rochester, New York, 4 killed
1965 - "Flora, the Red Menace" closes at Alvin Theater NYC after 87 perfs
1965 - Bob Dylan release "Like a Rolling Stone"
1965 - Casey Stengel resigns as manager of NY Mets
1965 - Rock group "Animals" 1st time on British charts
1966 - 48th PGA Championship: Al Geiberger shoots a 280 at Firestone CC Akron
1966 - Gloria Ehret/Judy Kimball wins LPGA Yankee Women's Golf Open
1967 - 49th PGA Championship: Don January shoots a 281 at Columbine CC Colo
1967 - Beatles sign a petition in Times to legalize marijuana
1967 - Charles de Gaulle says 'Vive le Quebec libre! Long live free Quebec!'
1967 - Chinese army/air force/fleet repress uprising in Wuhan City
1967 - Norway requests European Common Market membership
1967 - Race riots in Cambridge Maryland
1967 - Race riots in Detroit force postponement of Tigers-Orioles game
1968 - Hoyt Wilhelm's 907th breaks Cy Young's record for pitching appearances
1969 - Apollo 11 returns to Earth
1969 - Hoyt Wilhelm pitches in a record 907th major league game
1969 - Muhammad Ali is convicted for refusing induction in US Army on appeal
1970 - Intl Lawn Tennis Assn institutes 9 point tie break rule
1970 - USSR performs nuclear Test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR
1971 - WUHQ TV channel 41 in Battle Creek, MI (ABC) begins broadcasting
1972 - Jigme Singye Wangchuk becomes king of Bhutan at 16
1972 - Bugojno group is caught by Yugoslav security forces.
1973 - 44th All Star Baseball Game: NL wins 7-1 at Royals Stadium, KC
1973 - All star MVP: Bobby Bonds (SF Giants)
1974 - Supreme Court unanimously rules Nixon must turn over Watergate tapes
1975 - Apollo 18 returns to Earth
1976 - John Naber is 1st to swin 200m backstroke under 2 minutes
1977 - 32nd US Women's Open Golf Championship won by Hollis Stacy
1977 - Pete Rose passes Frankie Frisch as switch-hit leader with 2,881
1977 - Seattle's John Montague pitches 6 2/3 innings of perfect relief tying 2 game record of retiring 33 consecutive batsmen
1978 - "Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" premieres in NYC
1978 - Margaret Gardiner, of South Africa, crowned 27th Miss Universe
1978 - Pete Rose ties NL hitting streak of 37 games
1978 - Billy Martin resigns as Yankee manager after "one is a born liar the other a convicted one" comment about Steinbrenner & Jackson
1979 - Pres Carter names Paul Volcker, pres of Federal Reserves
1979 - Red Sox Carl Yastrzemski hits his 400th HR
1981 - Mohammed Ali Rajai elected president of Iran
1982 - "Best Little Whorehouse in Tx" closes at E O'Neill NYC after 63 perfs
1982 - KHJ (LA) & KFRC (SF) become 2nd & 3rd stereo AM stations
1982 - Heavy rain causes a mudslide that destroys a bridge at Nagasaki, Japan, killing 299.
1983 - "Mame" opens at Gershwin Theater NYC for 41 performances
1983 - 21st Tennis Fed Cup: Czech beats Germany in Zurich Switz (2-1)
1983 - Lauren Howe wins LPGA Mayflower Golf Classic
1983 - Laurent Fignon wins Tour de France
1983 - Pine Tar Game: Brett's HR disallowed against Yanks (overturned)
1983 - Sonya Robinson, (Milwaukee), 23, crowned 16th Miss Black America
1985 - Gandhi signs peace contract with Sikh leader Harchand Singh Longowai
1986 - SF Federal jury convicts navy radioman Jerry Whitworth of espionage
1987 - IBM-PC DOS Version 3.3 (updated) released
1987 - USSR performs underground nuclear Test
1988 - 43rd US Women's Open Golf Championship won by Liselotte Neumann
1988 - US & Jamacia play scoreless tie, in 2nd round of 1990 world soccer cup
1989 - Paula Gwynn, 22, crowned 21st Miss Black America
1990 - Ms. Magazine hits newstands again after an 8 month hiatus
1990 - US warships in Persian Gulf placed on alert after Iraq masses nearly 30,000 troops near its border with Kuwait
1991 - Ottawa Rough Riders Board of Directors resign
1991 - U of Manchester scientist announce finding a planet outside of solar system
1992 - Faye Vincent reinstates Yankee owner George Steinbrenner (eff 3/1/93)
1992 - Vickers Viscount crashes, 70 die
1993 - Actor Richard Moll (Night Court) weds Susan Brown
1993 - Met Vince Coleman injures 3 when he throws cherry bomb at Dodger fans
1993 - NY Met Anthony Young loses record 27th straight
1993 - Night Court actor Richard Moll (50) weds Susan Brown (32)
1994 - 32nd Tennis Fed Cup: Spain beats USA in Frankfurt Germany (3-0)
1994 - 49th US Women's Open Golf Championship won by Patty Sheehan
1994 - Asociación de Estados del Caribe (AEC) forms
1994 - Bodo kills 37 Moslems in Bashbari NE India
1994 - Miguel Indurain wins Tour de France
1998 - Russell Eugene Weston Jr. bursts into the United States Capitol and opens fire killing two police officers. He is later ruled to be incompetent to stand trial.
2001 - Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, the last Tsar of Bulgaria when he was a child, is sworn in as Prime Minister of Bulgaria, becoming the first monarch in history to regain political power through democratic election to a different office.
2002 - James Traficant is expelled from the United States House of Representatives on a vote of 420 to 1.
2005 - Lance Armstrong retires after winning a record seventh consecutive Tour de France victory
2007 - Libya frees all six of the Medics in the HIV trial in Libya.
アサガオ ‘北京天壇’
ヒルガオ科 / サツマイモ属
Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth, 1797 ‘Tendan’
First published in Catal. Bot. 1: 36 (1797)
This species is accepted.
Confirmation Date: 08/25, 2023.
------------------------------------
Family: Convolvulaceae (APG IV)
------------------------------------
Authors:
Carl von Linnaeus (1707-1778)
Albrecht Wilhelm Roth (1757-1834)
-------------------------------------
Published In:
Catalecta Botanica 1: 36. 1797. (Catal. Bot.) Name publication detail
-------------------------------------
Annotation:as "Nil"
-------------------------------------
Distribution:Trop. & Subtrop. America
(13) grc (22) gha gui ivo nga sen sie (23) caf cmn con eqg ggi zai (24) cha eri eth soc sud (25) tan uga (26) zam zim (27) cpp nam nat (29) com mau mdg reu rod? sey (35) oma sau yem (36) chc chh chi chn chs cht (38) kor nns (40) ban ehm ind nep pak srl whm (41) cbd lao mya scs tha vie (42) jaw lsi mly mol phi sul sum xms (43) nwg (50) nta qld wau (60) nwc (76) cal (77) tex (78) ala fla lou nca 79 MXC MXE MXG MXN MXS MXT 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 ARU BAH ber CUB DOM HAI JAM LEE NLA PUE TRT WIN 82 FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL CLM ECU GAL PER 84 BZC BZE BZL BZN BZS 85 AGE AGW PAR URU
Lifeform:Cl. ther.
Original Compiler:George Staples
-------------------------------------
Homotypic Names:
Convolvulus nil L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 219 (1762).
Convolvuloides triloba Moench, Methodus: 452 (1794), nom. superfl.
Pharbitis nil (L.) Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 6: 439 (1833 publ. 1834)[Conv. Or.: 57]
-------------------------------------
Basionym/Replaced Synonym:
Convolvulus nil L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 219 (1762).
-------------------------------------
Heterotypic Synonyms:
Ipomoea hederacea Anon. in ?, non Jacq.
Convolvulus hederaceus L., Sp. Pl.: 154 (1753).
Ipomoea scabra Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 44 (1775).
Convolvulus coelestis G.Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr.: 14 (1786).
Ipomoea scabra J.F.Gmel., Syst. Nat.: 345 (1791), nom. illeg.
Convolvulus dillenii Desr. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 3: 544 (1792).
Ipomoea bicolor Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 465 (1793).
Convolvulus hederifolius Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 123 (1796), nom. superfl.
Ipomoea cuspidata Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 2: 11 (1799).
Ipomoea caerulea Roxb. ex Ker-Gawl., Bot. Reg. 4: t. 276 (1818).
Ipomoea dillenii (Desr.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 4: 227 (1819).
Convolvulus caeruleus (Roxb. ex Ker-Gawl.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., 1: 593 (1824).
Convolvulus peruvianus Spreng., Syst. Veg., 1: 593 (1824).
Ipomoea caerulea J.König ex Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 91 (1824), nom. illeg.
Ipomoea caerulescens Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 90 (1824).
Ipomoea setosa Blume, Bijdr.: 714 (1826), nom. illeg.
Convolvulus tomentosus Vell., Fl. Flumin.: 74 (1829), sensu auct.
Convolvulus scaber Colla, Herb. Pedem. 4: 204 (1835).
Pharbitis cuspidata (Ruiz & Pav.) G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 263 (1837).
Pharbitis dillenii (Desr.) G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 263 (1837).
Pharbitis forsskaolii G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 263 (1837).
Pharbitis purshii G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 163 (1837).
Pharbitis scabra (Colla) G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 263 (1837).
Pharbitis caerulea (Roxb. ex Ker-Gawl.) G.Don ex Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3: 482 (1839).
Pharbitis caerulescens (Roxb.) Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3: 482 (1839).
Convolvulus lindleyi Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 409 (1840).
Convolvulus variifolius Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 412 (1840).
Ipomoea trichocalyx Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 819 (1840).
Pharbitis nil var. abbreviata Choisy in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 343 (1845).
Pharbitis nil var. integrifolia Choisy in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 343 (1845).
Pharbitis speciosa Choisy in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 343 (1845).
Ipomoea githaginea Hochst. ex A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 65 (1850).
Pharbitis limbata Lindl., J. Hort. Soc. London 5: 33 (1850).
Ipomoea hederacea var. limbata (Lindl.) Benth., Fl. Austral. 4: 417 (1868).
Pharbitis albomarginata Lindl. ex Hook.f., Bot. Mag. 94: t. 5720 (1868), not validly publ.
Pharbitis nil var. limbata (Lindl.) Hook., Bot. Mag. 94: t. 5720 (1868).
Ipomoea longicuspis Meisn. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 7: 227 (1869), nom. superfl.
Ipomoea longicuspis var. brevipes Meisn. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 7: 227 (1869).
Ipomoea nil var. limbata (Lindl.) Meisn. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 7: 228 (1869).
Pharbitis albomarginata Lindl. ex Meisn. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 7: 228 (1869).
Ipomoea hederacea var. himalaica C.B.Clarke in J.D.Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 4: 200 (1883).
Ipomoea hederacea var. integrifolia (Choisy) C.B.Clarke in J.D.Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 4: 200 (1883).
Ipomoea githaginea var. inaequalis Beck in P.V.Paulitschke, Harrar Leipzig, App.: 458 (1888).
Ipomoea nil var. japonica Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: 137 (1893).
Ipomoea limbata (Lindl.) Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3, 1: 710 (1895).
Ipomoea speciosa (Choisy) Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3, 1: 711 (1895), nom. illeg.
Convolvulus setosus Hallier f., Bull. Herb. Boissier 5: 1048 (1897), nom. illeg.
Ipomoea nil var. setosa Boerl., Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 511 (1899).
Ipomoea hederacea var. inaequalis Baker & Rendle in D.Oliver & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 4(2): 160 (1905).
Ipomoea vaniotiana H.Lév., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 453 (1911).
Pharbitis nil var. japonica (Hallier f.) H.Hara, Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 1: 167 (1949).
Ipomoea nil var. inaequalis (Beck) Cufod., Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 39(Suppl.): XXX (1969).
Ipomoea hederacea var. paichou J.R.Wu, J. Guiyang Tradit. Chin. Med. Coll. 1979(1): 97 (1979).
Ipomoea nil var. himalaica (C.B.Clarke) S.C.Johri, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 5: 432 (1984).
Pharbitis nil var. paichou (J.R.Wu) J.R.Wu, Fl. Guizhouensis 6: 348 (1989), without basionym page.
-------------------------------------
Accepted By:
AFPD. 2008. African Flowering Plants Database - Base de Donnees des Plantes a Fleurs D'Afrique.
Austin, D. F., G. W. Staples & R. Simão-Bianchini. 2015. A synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas: Further corrections, changes, and additions. Taxon 64(3): 625–633.
Baksh-Comeau, Y. S., Maharaj, C. D. Adams, S. A. Harris, D. Filer & W. Hawthorne. 2016. An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical ‘hotspots’. Phytotaxa 250: 1–431.
CONABIO. 2009. Catálogo taxonómico de especies de México. 1. In Capital Nat. México. CONABIO, Mexico City.
Carnevali, G., J. L. Tapia-Muñoz, R. Duno de Stefano & I. M. Ramírez-Morillo. 2010. Fl. Ilustr. Peníns. Yucatán 1–326. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida.
Correa A., M. D., C. Galdames & M. Stapf. 2004. Cat. Pl. Vasc. Panamá 1–599. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá.
Davidse, G., M. Sousa Sánchez, S. Knapp & F. Chiang Cabrera. 2012. Rubiaceae a Verbenaceae. 4(2): i–xvi, 1–533. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez, S. Knapp & F. Chiang Cabrera (eds.) Fl. Mesoamer.. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
Flora of China Editorial Committee. 1995. Flora of China (Gentianaceae through Boraginaceae). 16: 1–479. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.) Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro.
Funk, V. A., T. H. Hollowell, P. E. Berry, C. L. Kelloff & S. Alexander. 2007. Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55: 1–584. View in Biodiversity Heritage Library
Hammel, B. E. 2010. Convolvulaceae. En: Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Vol. V. B.E. Hammel, M.H. Grayum, C. Herrera & N. Zamora (eds.). Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 119: 72–126.
Hokche, O., P. E. Berry & O. Huber. (eds.) 2008. Nuevo Cat. Fl. Vasc. Venez. 1–859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela, Caracas.
Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., R. D. C. Ortiz, R. Callejas Posada & M. Merello. (eds.) 2011. Fl. Antioquia: Cat. 2: 9–939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck. (eds.) 2014. Cat. Pl. Vasc. Bolivia, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 127(1–2): i–viii, 1–1744. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee, S. G. Beck & A. F. Fuentes Claros. 2015 en adelante. Catalogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia (adiciones).
Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali (eds). 1980-2005. Fl. Pakistan Univ. of Karachi, Karachi.
Nelson, C. H. 2008. Cat. Pl. Vasc. Honduras i–xxix, 31–1576. Secretaría de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Tegucigalpa.
Pérez J., L. A., M. Sousa Sánchez, A. M. Hanan-Alipi, F. Chiang Cabrera & P. Tenorio L. 2005. Vegetación terrestre. Cap. 4: 65–110. In J. Bueno, F Álvarez & S. Santiago (eds.) Biodivers. Tabasco. CONABIO-UNAM, México.
Schatz, G. E., S. Andriambololonera, P.P. Lowry II, P.B. Phillipson, M. Rabarimanarivo, J. I. Raharilala, F. A. Rajaonary, N. Rakotonirina, R. H. Ramananjanahary, B. Ramandimbisoa, A. Randrianasolo, N. Ravololomanana, C. M. Taylor & J. C. Brinda. 2020. Catalogue of the Plants of Madagascar.
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The diameter of the flower is about φ4 cm and it is a very cute flower.
野生系のアサガオです。花の直径はφ4cm ほどの大変可愛らしい花です。
SONY NEX-7
Canon Macro Lens EF-S 60mm F2.8 USM
An ADB-supported project in Nepal is helping some of the mos disadvantaged women in the country learn trades and build careers once reserved for men. "This project specifically targets women and disadvantaged groups," says Suman Subba, social development and gender officer with ADB's Nepal Resident Mission. "It provides basic education and skills training that allows for self-employment, salaried work, and even international employment."
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Visionary Poet of the Millennium
An Indian poet Prophet
Seshendra Sharma
October 20th, 1927 - May 30th, 2007
www.facebook.com/GunturuSeshendraSharma/
eBooks :http://kinige.com/author/Gunturu+Seshendra+Sharma
Rivers and poets
Are veins and arteries
Of a country.
Rivers flow like poems
For animals, for birds
And for human beings-
The dreams that rivers dream
Bear fruit in the fields
The dreams that poets dream
Bear fruit in the people-
* * * * * *
The sunshine of my thought fell on the word
And its long shadow fell upon the century
Sun was playing with the early morning flowers
Time was frightened at the sight of the martyr-
-Seshendra Sharma
"We are children of a century which has seen revolutions, awakenment of large masses of people over the earth and their emancipation from slavery and colonialism wresting equality from the hands of brute forces and forging links of brotherhood across mankind.
This century has seen peaks of human knowledge; unprecedented intercourse of peoples and
perhaps for the first time saw the world stand on the brink of the dilemma of one world or destruction.
It is a very inspiring century, its achievements are unique.
A poet who is not conscious of this context fails in his existence as poet."
-Seshendra Sharma
(From his introduction to his “Poet’s notebook "THE ARC OF BLOOD" )
* * * * * *
B.A: Andhra Christian College: Guntur: A.P: India
B.L : Madras University: Madras
Deputy Municipal Commissioner (37 Years)
Dept of Municipal Administration, Government of Andhra Pradesh
Parents: G.Subrahmanyam (Father) ,Ammayamma (Mother)
Siblings: Anasuya,Devasena (Sisters),Rajasekharam(Younger brother)
Wife: Mrs.Janaki Sharma
Children: Vasundhara , Revathi (Daughters),
Vanamaali ,Saatyaki (Sons)
Seshendra Sharma is one of the most outstanding minds of modern Asia. He is the foremost of the Telugu poets today who has turned poetry to the gigantic strides of human history and embellished literature with the thrills and triumphs of the 20th century. A revolutionary poet who spurned the pedestrian and pedantic poetry equally, a brilliant critic and a scholar of Sanskrit, this versatile poet has breathed a new vision of modernity to his vernacular.Such minds place Telugu on the world map of intellectualism. Readers conversant with names like Paul Valery, Gauguin, and Dag Hammarskjold will have to add the name of Seshendra Sharma the writer from India to that dynasty of intellectuals.
* * *
Seshendra Sharma better known as Seshendra isa colossus of Modern Indian poetry.
His literature is a unique blend of the best of poetry and poetics.
Diversity and depth of his literary interests and his works
are perhaps hitherto unknown in Indian literature.
From poetry to poetics, from Mantra Sastra to Marxist Politics his writings bear an unnerving pprint of his rare genius.
His scholarship and command over Sanskrit , English and Telugu Languages has facilitated his emergence as a towering personality of comparative literature in the 20th century world literature.
T.S.Eliot ,ArchbaldMacleish and Seshendra Sharma are trinity of world poetry and Poetics.
His sense of dedication to the genre of art he chooses to express himself and
the determination to reach the depths of subject he undertakes to explore
place him in the galaxy of world poets / world intellectuals.
Seshendra’seBooks :http://kinige.com/author/Gunturu+Seshendra+Sharma
Seshendra Sharma’s Writings Copyright © Saatyaki S/o Seshendra Sharma
Contact :saatyaki@gmail.com+919441070985+917702964402
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Seshendra Sharma : Scholar - Poet
Seshendra Sharma, a scholar - poet was born (October 20, 1927) into a Pujari ( Priests ) family in Nellore District in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India . Seshendra’s father and his grandfather were well versed in Sanskrit Literature, Vedas and scriptures. At home itself, thus from his childhood , Seshendra got the opportunity of learning and training in Sanskrit. This was further nurtured by the Village school of Thotapalligudur, where he spent best part of his childhood.
Seshendra’s father was a well-to-do person, a Munsif ( village officer ) of the village, possessing more than Ten Acres of agricultural Wet land and own house . Father’s desire to see his son flower into a top man turned a new leaf in Seshendra’s life. Seshendra’s father admitted him for B.A. Graduation course in Andhra Christian College in Guntur. Incidentally, Seshendra’s Family Sir Name and this town’s name are one and the same. This is a turning point in the budding poet’s journey. Seshendra got significant exposure to the Western World, particularly to the Western Literature. The makings of a Visionary Poet germinated in him in this Alma Mater. His journey of poetry started with Translation of Mathew Arnold’s “Sohrab and Rustum “ , a long poem , which Seshendra translated into Telugu in Metrical poetry with accomplished finesse . This trend eventually blossomed and Seshendra emerged as an Epic – Poet. His My Country – My People : Modern Indian Epic is observed by learned critics as a land mark in modern poetry ranking it on par with T.S. Eliot’s Waste Land . This long poem was nominated for Nobel Prize in 2004. His subsequent works Gorilla, Turned into water and fled away, Ocean is my name – long poems were reviewed in scholarly strain.
Seshendra’s desire to perform in films took him to Madras, today’s Chennai in Tamil Nadu. In Madras he formally joined B.L. Course with Madras Law College. And was developing contacts in the Telugu Cinema Circles and was working as a freelance journalist. He used to translate articles into Telugu for Janavani , a popular weekly of those times whose editor was Tapi Dharma Rao , a towering personality of Telugu Literature. This facet of journalism of his personality rose to its full heights in 90s. When Soviet Union collapsed he wrote a series of articles in Telugu as well as in English decrying the west’s sinister plot, villainous machinations to pull down Communist Regimes. He sang odes / Laurels to communism and expressed in aggressive tone and style that communism will never die. It remains in the genes of oppressed peoples of the world for ever. Perhaps Seshendra is the only poet from the Indian Subcontinent to pen Anti – Imperialist essays during those times. He completed his Law course but his desire to act in films remained unfulfilled. Seshendra’s Classmates at his Alma Mater, A.C.College, Guntur, N.T.Rama Rao and Kongara Jaggaiah became popular actors of Telugu Cinema. N.T.R became an all time super –hero. Seshendra’s father and maternal uncle forcibly brought him back from Madras, and with the good offices of native Member of Parliament put him in Government service as Deputy Panchayat Officer. In due course of time, on deputation, joined Municipal Administration Department and worked as Municipal Commissioner in all Major cities and towns of Andhra Pradesh. With the result he got wide exposure to conditions of social life of his times. He obtained personal acquaintance of Common Man’s life and his travails. This enriched his vision of life and literature a great deal.
With Seshendra Poetry and Poetics are Siamese Twins. He penned works of Literary Criticism both on classical and contemporary poetry. Sahitya Kaumudi (Telugu ) and his bi-lingual book “ the ARC of Blood : My Note Book “ illustrate this point. His Research work on Valmiki’s Ramayana , Shodasi : Secrets of The Ramayana , questions the very foundations of centuries old assumptions. Seshendra, based on scientific research citing from the original text of Valmiki and Vedas, reveals that The Ramayana is not just story of Rama told in enchanting poetry , But the Sage wrote the epic to spread Kundalini Yoga among the masses of his era. His observations that the concepts of Vishnu and Reincarnation were non –existent during Valmiki’s Epoch constitute a revolt against centuries old beliefs. Sita is the central character of The Ramayana and she is Kundalini Shakti / Adi Para Shakthi . During that era temples and prayers were nonexistent. This hits directly at the very foundation of Temple System.
His Kavisena Manifesto , is a noteworthy work on Modern Poetics. In this work, he compiles cogently definitions of poetry cutting across centuries and countries and writes scintillating commentary. This Manifesto of Modern Poetry is a sort of Wikipedia page of world poetry. Seshendra, finally concludes that poetry is emotions and feelings skilfully garbed in unusual diction, and poetry is a way of life.
Discerning scholars critics and academics are of intrinsic opinion that T.S.Eliot ,Archibald MacLeish and Seshendra Sharma are trinity of world poetry and Poetics.
But this Scholar – poet of 20th century is an unsung and unwept genius of his times.
Prime Minister of India honoured Seshendra with Gold Medal in Sahitya Akademi ( India ) Golden Jubilee celebrations and Chief Minister of AP honoured him with Hansa Literary Award on the eve of UGADI , Telugu New Year Day in 2005 .
In one of his poems he says fragrance of stars is calling me. Seshendra left this world and vanished into fragrance of galaxies on May 30, 2007.
* * * * * *
GunturuSeshendraSarma: an extraordinary poet-scholar
One of the ironies in literature is that
he came to be known more as a critic than a poet
HYDERABAD: An era of scholastic excellence and poetic grandeur has come to an end in the passing away of GunturuSeshendraSarma, one of the foremost poets and critics in Telugu literature. His mastery over western literature and Indian `AlankaraSastra' gave his works a stunning imagery, unparalleled in modern Indian works. One of the ironies in literature is that he came to be known more as a critic than a poet. The Central SahityaAkademi award was conferred on him for his work `KaalaRekha' and not for his poetic excellence. The genius in him made him explore `Kundalini Yoga' in his treatise on Ramayana in `Shodasi' convincingly. His intellectual quest further made him probe `NaishadhaKaavya' in the backdrop of `LalitaSahasraNaamavali', `SoundaryaLahari' and `Kama Kala Vilasam' in `SwarnaHamsa', Seshendra saw the entire universe as a storehouse of images and signs to which imagination was to make value-addition. Like Stephene Mallarme who was considered a prophet of symbolism in French literature, SeshendraSarma too believed that art alone would survive in the universe along with poetry. He believed that the main vocation of human beings was to be artists and poets. His `Kavisena Manifesto' gave a new direction to modern criticism making it a landmark work in poetics. Telugus would rue the intellectual impoverishment they suffered in maintaining a `distance' from him. Seshendra could have given us more, but we did not deserve it! The denial of the Jnanpeeth Award to him proves it
The Hindu
India's National Newspaper
Friday, Jun 01, 2007
* * * * * *
Pardon Me Father!
I could not rescue him from the clutches of that nymphomaniac and vampire. There may be an exception or two but an average Indian woman desires from the depths of her soul that her husband should live long and she should pass away before him. She performs prayers and fasts on auspicious days for this purpose. She in spite of being 3years elder to him did away with my father in a planned and premeditated manner and I was a silent and helpless witness to it. He suffered 1st Heart attack in November 1997. Cardiologists performed angiogram and advised open heart surgery. Because there were blocks in vessels and one valve was damaged. But she successfully thwarted it and without my knowledge or informing any one got angioplasty done in Mediciti (Hyderabad: AP; India) her plan was to do away with him and live long, and establish herself as his wife through his books. He was succumbing to her blackmail. My overwhelming hunch is that she was threatening him with social insult and humiliation if he parts ways with her.
Between 1997-2007, she played football with his body. He used to be hospitalized every now and then with swollen body and heart pain. Because of damaged valve pumping was impaired and water used to accumulate in the system. Every time I used to force her to hospitalize him. He used be in ICCU for a couple of days and recover marginally. After each visit to hospital he was getting debilitated gradually. He was put on wheel chair. He was virtually under house arrest. He was not allowed to speak to friends and family members. Visitors were kept away. He was taking Lasix (Tablet: is a diuretic that is used to treat fluid accumulation, caused by heart failure, cirrhosis, chronic kidney failure, and nephrotic syndrome.) to flush out water accumulated in his body. This creates a painful dilemma in me whether my interference in his health matters was just. As his son it was my moral duty to protect him. But I sometimes feel if I were not to interfere she would have put him to death long ago and thus he would have escaped from physical and mental torture quite early.
Towards perhaps end of the month of March she withdrew medication. He got swollen suddenly and that condition continued till the last day i.e. 30th may 2007. Each time I visited I used to tell that witch to take him to hospital. But after a couple of visits I got convinced that she made up her mind this time to do away with him. I requested a bastard who was feigning to be a friend of mine, who incidentally happens to be a legal luminary of this region to send a doctor friend to that place and ascertain the exact condition of his health. But of no avail.
I kept on telling him to come out of that place and lead a normal and healthy life. Her blackmail gained an upper hand and I lost in my efforts to restore health to him and bring him back to civilized society. O God pardon me for not being able to outmanoeuvre her machinations. Pardon me father.
* * *
Who Are The Legal Heirs of Seshendra Sharma ?
DISCLAIMER
The literary world is aware that my father Gunturu Seshendra Sharma, eminent poet, litterateur and scholar-critic, died on 30th may 2007. Ever since he expired, there has been no mention of his parents, family members and other personal details in the news and in the articles about him. Not only this, fictional lies are being spread and using money power one shady lady is being propagated as his wife and so on. This has been causing me, as his son, a great mental agony. That is why, through this article, I am revealing certain fundamental truths to the literary field of this country and the civilized society. I appeal to your conscience to uphold truth, justice and values of our composite culture.
Seshendra Sharma's family members are: Parents: Subrahmanyam Sharma, Ammaayamma- Wife: Janaki Daughters: Vasundhara, Revathi, Sons: Vanamali, Saatyaki. Only these two are legal heirs of Seshendra Sharma, socially and morally too.
Street Play and Circus: In 1972, away from the civilized society, without the knowledge of parents and near and dear, in a far flung village called Halebeed in Karnataka a circus, a street play was staged. Let me make it clear that even after this street play my father did not divorce my mother Mrs.G.Janaki legally. He never had even a faint intention of committing such an uncivilized act. On the contrary, in all crucial Government documents he nominated my mother as his legal heir from time to time. During his long career as Municipal Commissioner with The Government of Andhra Pradesh, he retired 3 times. His first retirement came in 1975 by way of compulsory retirement for his anti establishment writings during Mrs. Gandhi's' emergency. His second retirement came in 1983 when the then new chief minister N.T. Rama Rao's government reduced the age of service from 58 to 55 years. The third and final retirement in the year 1985 on attaining 58 years of age. On all these occasions, in all the government documents, my father Seshendra Sharma nominated my mother Mrs. Janaki as his legal heir. This is precisely why the self contradictory 'second marriage' is a circus enacted away from the society and Law does not recognize this type of street plays as marriage.
Lakshmi Parvathi in literature
N.T. Rama Rao, actor turned politician married Ms. Lakshimi Parvathi in 1994 and subsequently in January 1995 he came to power for the second time. She used to act as an extra constitutional power and run the matters of government and the party. She developed her own coterie of cohorts and started dominating the party. After NTR was toppled by his own son- in-law, most of them parted ways with her. And the remaining touts left her for good the day NTR breathed his last. Ms.Indira Dhanrajgir has been playing the same role in Telugu literature over a period of more than 3 decades. In the guise of literature she developed her own coterie of lumpens with extra literary and money mongering elements - Tangirala Subba Rao, Velichala Kondala RAo(Editor:Jayanthi) Cheekolu Sundarayya(A.G.'s Office, Hyderabad et al).
There are a couple[ of dissimilarities between these two instances. After the demise of NTR, L.P's coterie of cohorts disappeared once and for all. Whereas, in Indira Dhanrajgir's case new lumpens are entering the field with the passage of time. Squandering her late father's wealth, she is roping in new touts. Since NTR's wife Basava Tarakam passed away in 1984 and since he was old and sick NTR's marriage with LP has ethical basis and is legal completely. Whereas I.D's is neither ethical nor legal. Hence it is a street play. This is the reason why after my father's death she has been spending money on a larger scale and indulging in false publicity and propaganda. Bh. Krishna Murthy, Sadasiva Sharma (The then Editor of Andhra Prabha:Telugu Daily, presently with Hindi Milap) Chandrasekhara Rao(Telugu lecturer: Methodist Degree College) etc. are indulging in all sorts of heinous acts to prop up I.D as my father's wife.
My father passed away on 30 May 2007. When our family was in grief and I was performing the 11 day ritual as per my mother's wish, the above mentioned Sadasiva Sharma went to Municipal Office on 4th June, created ruckus, played havoc telling them that he is from the Prime Minister's Office , мейд some 'senior officials' make phone calls to the officials concerned and got my father's death certificate forcibly issued. When the entire family was mourning the death of the family head, a stranger and a lumpen S.S -Why did he collect my father's death certificate forcibly from the municipal authorities? Whom did he collect it for?
THREE NAMES OF THE SAME PERSON IN 3 DECADES
This is perhaps for the first time that the name of a lady appears in 3 forms at a time. Perhaps in 1970, in my father's collection of poems"PAKSHULU her name appeared As Rajkumari Indira Devi Dhanrajgir. In 2006 she published a fake version of Kamaostav(Rewritten by a muffian Called Chandrasekhara Rao) . In this book her name appears as R.I.D.D. Prior to 1970 in Maqdoom Mohiuddeen's(Renowned Urdu Poet) anthology of poetry 'Bisath -E-Raks', in Urdu as well as Hindi , at the end of two poems her name appears as Kumari Indira Dhanrajgir. On 15th June 2007 A.P state cultural affairs department and Telugu University jointly held my father's memorial meeting. I.D hijacked this meeting by issuing her own commercial advertisements in English and Telugu dailies. In these advertisements her name appeared as Smt. Indira Devi Seshendra Sharma and again in the commercial public notices мейд by her in the month of November 2007her name appeared as Rajkumari devi etc. Why does her name appear in different forms on different occasions? Will I.D explain? Will Sadasiva Sharma clarify, who forcibly took my father's death certificate after four days of his death? Or will Bh.Krishna Murthy clarify?
If I.D has even an iota of regard, respect for or faith in love, or relation, the institution of marriage, immediately after'Halebeed Circus', she would have used my father's family sir name and her name would have appeared as Gunturu Indira. Since she was conscious of her goal during all times and conditions she did not take such a hasty and mindless step of change of her name.
WHERE DOES THE REAL SECRET LIE? Her life is totally illegal, anti-social and immoral. I.D's father performed her marriage with SRikishenSeth, Nephew of the then Prime minister to Nizam, Maharaja Kishen pershad in 1945. On the day of marriage itself I.D beat SrikeshenSeth up and ran away from him. She did not stop at that. She propagated among his friends and relatives and near and dear that he was not enough of a man and unfit for conjugal/ marital life. She filed a divorce case against him and dragged it till 1969/70. Lion's share of her husband's life got evaporated and was sapped completely by then. His parents used to approach I.D's father and plead with him to prevail upon his daughter, put sense into her head and see that she either lives with their son or dissolves the marriage legally so that they can remarry off their son. But I.D did not heed. Raja Dhanrajgir after getting disgusted with her nasty activities stipulated a mandatory condition in his will. He stated that I.D would be entitled to get a share of his property only if she is married.
This is the reason why ID who has no respect for the institution of marriage or regard or desire for marital life , in the guise of love and love poetry inflicted indelible blemish on the institution of marriage which is unprecedented in the literary history of the world. After my father's death she has been indulging in more rigorous false publicity along with her coterie of touts.
KAMOSTAV:STORY OF ID'S SOUL:
With this novel Kamostav, father's literary life came to an end for good. He did not produce literary works worth mentioning in his later phase of life. During those days he asked for my opinion on that novel. I told him clearly that it lacks the form and content of a novel- it does not have a story line, plot, sequences, characters and eventually a message which every novel gives. Hence it is a trash. Several people went to court and got its publication in a weekly stopped. ID got this very trash rewritten completely by Chandrasekhara Rao and printed it. This kind of heinous development has never taken place in the recorded history of Telugu literature till date. A writing which brought disrepute to my father in the literary field and isolated him in the society, why did she get it rewritten by somebody and publish it claiming copyright to be hers? What is her motive? What is her aim? That is why Kamotsav is ID's biography, story of her inner soul.
SESHENDRA'S COPYRIGHTS:
My father gifted away copyrights of his entire works along with their translations to me by way of birth day gift to me on 2.12.1989. Since then I have published several of his works during his lifetime itself. Kamostav, the version that is secretly мейд available is the dirty work of cheapsters and lumpens under the leadership of ID. It is much worse than violation of copyrights. That is the reason why I have been reluctant to take action so far. If she and her debased henchmen try to violate copyrights of my father's works bequeathed to me, I shall take exemplary legal action against them.
ID мейд 2 public notices to the effect that my father cancelled all his earlier transfer of copyrights and retransferred all his rights to her. This is a palace intrigue in the modern era in our civilized society.
WHAT DOES LAW SAY ABOUT COPYRIGHTS?
An author can transfer copyrights of his works to any one as per her/his wish. But the Copyrights Act 1957 and the Supreme Court in its various judgments has clearly stipulated a procedure to revoke earlier assignment and transferring of copyrights to somebody else subsequently. The author has to issue a notice to the 1st assignee, giving 6 months time for reply. Depending on the reply the author can take his next step. Where as in my father's copyrights matter he did not even inform me orally of any such cancellation. ID claims that she has a typed document of transfer of copyrights signed by my father on 5.1.2006. Between 5.1.2006 and 30.5.2007, leave alone issuing a notice, he did not even inform me orally.
My father who assigned copyrights to me in his own handwriting, when he was relatively young and physically fit did not require to cancel the 1st assignment when he was totally dilapidated, almost bedridden and was counting his days. Another important aspect of the matter is that I have printed the Xerox of my father's document in his own works as early as 1995 and have been doing so from time to time during his life time. Where as ID claims to possess a document after my father's death and she has not мейд it public so far. ID tried to get my father's complete works published in different languages by Telugu University (Hyderabad: A.P: India) by paying them Rs. 6 Lakhs. I approached Telugu University and apprised them of facts. On the advice of legal experts, they stopped this project and returned ID's money to her. It is an incontrovertible fact that ID's document is a forged and fraudulent document which does not stand scrutiny before law. Court shall certainly award her exemplary punishment. In all societies and times literature has been social wealth/public property from time immemorial. It should not be used as a mask to grab share of parental property illegally and unethically. I am committed to this cause/ ideal and appeal to the civilized society to strengthen my hands in this endeavor. ID's younger brother Sri Mahendra Pratapgir is the lone legal heir apparent of that family and keeping him in dark, she is squandering her father's wealth in Telugu literature for her nasty propaganda.
FATHER PASSED AWAY:
In 1997 when he suffered the 1st heart attack he was half-dead. Dr.Sudhakar Reddy, cardiologist of Mediciti Hospitals (Native of Warangal.A.P) performed angiogram and diagnosed that he had blocks in arteries and one valve was damaged completely. He advised open heart surgery. But ID averted it and got angioplasty performed. His health declined rapidly since then and was leading the life of virtually an invalid till he breathed his last. He suffered inexplicable mental and physical torture for about a decade. During the last leg of his journey he was isolated from his family completely. He was deserted by one and all in the literary field. When his younger brother passed away, his younger sister passed away he did not visit his ancestral home in his village and call on those families. He became target of jealousy and animosity in the society. He became a victim of false impression with the society that he was an aristocrat and rolling in luxuries. Whereas, he was deprived of even his native vegetarian food for decades together. As a silent and helpless witness to these painful happenings, I was subject to untold mental agony.
In the later half of March 2007 on one of my visits to him, I was aghast at his condition. His entire body was swollen. His appearance was like that of a stuffed gunny bag. I told him to get hospitalized. I told ID to rush him to a hospital. But of no avail. On 30th may 2007 at about 11 pm I got a phone call from her" Come soon/Serious" she said. As I entered at 11.15 pm "Go inside/he is no more' she said.
* * One day when swarms of lamps vanish, in the light of a lonely lamp I ask the dumb pillars "Can't you liberate me from the disgust of this existence? I ask those stand still forest flame trees
which blossom flowers at that very place year after year
"can't you rescue me?
I ask those high roof tops and this Venetian furniture
which every one feels are greater than me, "can't you rescue me from the disgust of this existence?" All these answer in a melancholic voice "We have been languishing since more than 100 years watching the same unchanging scenes we are older prisoners than you are" (Janavamsham: Telugu: Seshendra: Page 80-81:1993: Translated by me)
My father's first biography (in Hindi) titled "Rashtrendu Seshendra: Ashesh Aayaam" by Dr.Vishranth Vasishth appeared in 1994. Touching upon these very sensitive aspects of my father's life he commented in that book"SONE KE PINJRE ME PANCHCHI" (A bird in a golden cage). Alarmed and agonized by his rapidly declining health, as early as June 2002, in order to bring pressure on ID, I gave a 2 cassettes long interview to Vijayaviharam of Janaharsha group. Later on when I enquired about that interview they said that in the raids conducted on their premises, they got destroyed.
I wanted to rescue my father and bring him back home when he was in good health. Alas! At last, I took him to the burial ground, laid him on the funeral pyre and consigned him to flames and returned home all alone.
G.Satyaki S/o Late.G.Seshendra Sharma
Hyderabad.T.S.INDIA
saatyaki@gmail.com
+91 94410 70985, 7702964402
Sicilian pastry, taken in Lipari, Aeolian islands, Sicily
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1. I'm a "STRUGGLING" part time Artist/Illustrator,and would some day LOVE!!! to beable to make my living at it FULLTIME!!! just doing,and Selling my Art.
2. I'm A GIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIANT GEEK!!!!!!! With POWERS and ABLITIES, far beyond that of any Mortal Geek,LOL^^
3. I LOVE!!! All forms of ART!, from Painters,Singers,Dancers,Performers,Sculptors,and Musicians,etc.etc.
4. I LOVE!!! just about all kinds of Music,and will give anything a listen to,these are just afew. ROCK,HARD ROCK,ALTERNITIVE,BLUES,JAZZ,CLASSICAL,FUNK,RAP,COUNTRY,TECHNO,PUNK,HEAVY METAL,ROCK-A-BILLY,FUSSION,R&B,POP,and J-POP.
5. I'm A HUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUGH!!!!! Comic Book Collector,I have been collecting since I was about 8 or 9 years old,I now have close to over 7,500 Comic's and counting.
6. I'm a CARTOON JUNKY!!! I LOVE watching cartoons,all kinds of cartoons,in all STYLES of Animation.
7. Before I got into Collecting Action Figures and now Dolls. My FIRST PASSION was Model Trains,Air Planes, and Model Car Building.
8. I LOVE!!! Photography, I like taking pictures of just about everything,People,Toys,Landscapes,The Sky,and whatever catches my Imagination.
9. One of my BIGGEST and LONGEST DREAMS!!! is to one day go to COMI-CON! in San-Dieago California,THE MEEKA 4 ALL GEEKS!!! atleast once in my LIFE.
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11. As you can see from my picture above,that I like to COSPLAY when I get the chance to. This is me as GO GO! from KILL BILL#1. one of MY ALL TIME FAVORITE!!!!! Movies,I'm still working on my costume,I HOPE to wear it soon to one of the many Comic or Anime Con's that I go to during the Summer and Fall. This is also my FAVORITE!!! picture of Me.
12. I do LOVE!!! to go out in DRAG from time to time with my close friends just for FUN!!! and to getaway from being Me for a little while,its like a mini Vacation.
13. I do LOVE!!!! DRAG QUEENS!!! I think that they are SOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OVER THE TOP OUTRAGEOUS!!!! and they are SOOOOOOOOOOOO CREATIVE!!! and FUNNY!!! I LOVE!!! how they do thier Make Up and Costumes.
14. I do BELIEVE!!! in EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE!!! Outside of our Galaxy,for the SIMPLE reason that SPACE is SOOOOOOOOOOOO VAST!!! and the UNIVERSE so INFINATE!!! that it cannot be MEASURED by any means. To say that nothing else LIVES out there is just ILOGICAL,when you think of all the forms that Life can,and has taken on this Planet alone,Plants,Insects,People,Bacteria,Fish,Birds,Reptiles,etc.etc. There is a Planet out there with one or MORE of these forms of Life on it,we discover NEW PLANETS every year.
15. I have never learned to Swim,but would like to learn. But I'm to CHICKEN and EMBAERREST to take classess at my age,LOL^^ I want 2 LEARN, because I have ALWAYS!!! wanted to Subba Dive and take pictures under water.
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17. I was born in The YEAR of the MONKEY! on the CHINESE ZODIAC Calender.
18. My FAVORITE!!! Bird is THE RAVEN.
19. I'm A HUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUGH!!!!! Old School Monster Movie FAN!!! My FAVORITE!!! Monster is GODZILLA.
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21. I LOVE!!!! to DRAW,drawing gives me PEACE of MIND,when I draw the OUTSIDE WORLD just FADES away. My three FAVORITE!!! STYLES of Art to draw are,COMIC BOOK,ANIME,and FASHION ILLUSRATION.
22. One of my ULTIMATE DREAMS!!!! is to one DAY, PUBLISH my own COMIC BOOK.
23. I have a SECRET PASSION!!! for HIGH HEELS!!! I LOVE THEM!!! they are SO BEAUTIFUL!!! and STYLISH!!! so MANY COLORS!!! I LOVE!!! a GREAT!!! pair of HEELS on a WOMAN.
24. REALLY ENJOYING!!!! My RENEWED LOVE!!! for DOLLS,and to have PEOPLE to SHARE that with,I have made and meet, a lot of NICE!!! and WONDERFUL!!! People HERE,THANK U ALL!!! for your FRIENDSHIP!!!
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Visionary Poet of the Millennium
An Indian poet Prophet
Seshendra Sharma
October 20th, 1927 - May 30th, 2007
www.facebook.com/GunturuSeshendraSharma/
eBooks :http://kinige.com/author/Gunturu+Seshendra+Sharma
Seshendra Sharma is one of the most outstanding minds of modern Asia. He is the foremost of the Telugu poets today who has turned poetry to the gigantic strides of human history and embellished literature with the thrills and triumphs of the 20th century. A revolutionary poet who spurned the pedestrian and pedantic poetry equally, a brilliant critic and a scholar of Sanskrit, this versatile poet has breathed a new vision of modernity to his vernacular.Such minds place Telugu on the world map of intellectualism. Readers conversant with names like Paul Valery, Gauguin, and Dag Hammarskjold will have to add the name of Seshendra Sharma the writer from India to that dynasty of intellectuals.
Rivers and poets
Are veins and arteries
Of a country.
Rivers flow like poems
For animals, for birds
And for human beings-
The dreams that rivers dream
Bear fruit in the fields
The dreams that poets dream
Bear fruit in the people-
* * * * * *
The sunshine of my thought fell on the word
And its long shadow fell upon the century
Sun was playing with the early morning flowers
Time was frightened at the sight of the martyr-
-Seshendra Sharma
B.A: Andhra Christian College: Guntur: A.P: India
B.L : Madras University: Madras
Deputy Municipal Commissioner (37 Years)
Dept of Municipal Administration, Government of Andhra Pradesh
Parents: G.Subrahmanyam (Father) ,Ammayamma (Mother)
Siblings: Anasuya,Devasena (Sisters),Rajasekharam(Younger brother)
Wife: Mrs.Janaki Sharma
Children: Vasundhara , Revathi (Daughters),
Vanamaali ,Saatyaki (Sons)
Seshendra Sharma better known as Seshendra is
a colossus of Modern Indian poetry.
His literature is a unique blend of the best of poetry and poetics.
Diversity and depth of his literary interests and his works
are perhaps hitherto unknown in Indian literature.
From poetry to poetics, from Mantra Sastra to Marxist Politics his writings bear an unnerving pprint of his rare genius.
His scholar ship and command over Sanskrit , English and Telugu Languages has facilitated his emergence as a towering personality of comparative literature in the 20th century world literature.
T.S.Eliot ,ArchbaldMacleish and Seshendra Sharma are trinity of world poetry and Poetics.
His sense of dedication to the genre of art he chooses to express himself and
the determination to reach the depths of subject he undertakes to explore
place him in the galaxy of world poets / world intellectuals.
Seshendra’seBooks :http://kinige.com/author/Gunturu+Seshendra+Sharma
Seshendra Sharma’s Writings Copyright © Saatyaki S/o Seshendra Sharma
Contact :saatyaki@gmail.com+919441070985+917702964402
------------------------
GunturuSeshendraSarma: an extraordinary poet-scholar
One of the ironies in literature is that
he came to be known more as a critic than a poet
HYDERABAD: An era of scholastic excellence and poetic grandeur has come to an end in the passing away of GunturuSeshendraSarma, one of the foremost poets and critics in Telugu literature. His mastery over western literature and Indian `AlankaraSastra' gave his works a stunning imagery, unparalleled in modern Indian works. One of the ironies in literature is that he came to be known more as a critic than a poet. The Central SahityaAkademi award was conferred on him for his work `KaalaRekha' and not for his poetic excellence. The genius in him made him explore `Kundalini Yoga' in his treatise on Ramayana in `Shodasi' convincingly. His intellectual quest further made him probe `NaishadhaKaavya' in the backdrop of `LalitaSahasraNaamavali', `SoundaryaLahari' and `Kama Kala Vilasam' in `SwarnaHamsa', Seshendra saw the entire universe as a storehouse of images and signs to which imagination was to make value-addition. Like Stephene Mallarme who was considered a prophet of symbolism in French literature, SeshendraSarma too believed that art alone would survive in the universe along with poetry. He believed that the main vocation of human beings was to be artists and poets. His `Kavisena Manifesto' gave a new direction to modern criticism making it a landmark work in poetics. Telugus would rue the intellectual impoverishment they suffered in maintaining a `distance' from him. Seshendra could have given us more, but we did not deserve it! The denial of the Jnanpeeth Award to him proves it
The Hindu
India's National Newspaper
Friday, Jun 01, 2007
సౌందర్యమేఆయనకు అలంకారం, సౌందర్యమే ఆయనకు జీవితం
విమర్శకుడు : కవి
గుంటూరు శేషేంద్ర శర్మ
ఆయన రూపంసుందరం, మాట మధురం, కవిత్వం రసభరితం. అలంకారశాస్త్రాలను ఔపోసనపట్టిన పండితుడు. మంచివక్త, వ్యాసం, విమర్శ.. ఏదిరాసినా ఆయన ముద్ర ప్రస్ఫుటం. ఆయనది విశ్వమానవ దృష్టి. పానపీన ఆహారవిహారాల నుంచి నిత్య నైమిత్తిక కార్యాచరణలు, ఆలోచనలు... అన్నింటా ఆయన సంప్రదాయ, ఆధునిక తత్వాల మేళవింపు. 'సర్వేజనాస్సుఖినోభవంతు' అన్నది ఆయన ఆత్మనినాదం, ఘోషం. ఆత్మీయులకూ, అభిమానులకూ ఆయన శేషేన్, శేషేంద్ర. అటూ ఇటూ బంధుత్వాలను తగిలిస్తే ఆయన పేరు గుంటూరు శేషేంద్ర శర్మ..........
- ఆంధ్రప్రభ సచిత్ర వారపత్రిక,
(21 ఆగస్టు, 2000)
* * *
పుట్టిన ఊరు నెల్లూరు జిల్లా ఉదయగిరితాలూకా నాగరాజుపాడు.
భారత ప్రభుత్వ ‘రాష్ట్రేంద్రు’ బిరుదం, కలకత్తా రాష్ట్రీయ హిందీఅకాడమీ అవార్డు,
కేంద్ర సాహిత్య అకాడమీ అవార్డు, తెలుగు విశ్వ విద్యాలయం గౌరవడాక్టరేటు ముఖ్య పురస్కారాలు.
గుంటూరు ఎ.సి. కాలేజీ నుంచి పట్టభద్రులు. మద్రాసు లాకాలేజీ నుంచి ‘లా’ డిగ్రీ.
ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ ప్రభుత్వంలోమున్సిపల్ కమీషనరుగా పనిచేసి, పదవీ విరమణ వేశారు.
నాదేశం - నాప్రజలు, మండే సూర్యుడు, గొరిల్లా, సముద్రం నా పేరు, కవిసేన మేనిఫెస్టో, రక్తరేఖ, స్వర్ణహంస, కాల రేఖ, షోడశి, ఆధునిక మహాభారతం, జనవంశమ్ ప్రధాన రచనలు.
కవిత్వంలో, సాహిత్యవిమర్శలో విలక్షుణులు.
ప్రపంచ సాహిత్యం మీద, భారతీయ సాహిత్యం మీద సాధికారిక పరిచయం.
సంస్కృత, ఆంధ్ర, ఆంగ్లభాషల్లో పండితులు,
వచన కవిత్వం, పద్య రచన – రెండిరటి సమాన ప్రతిభావంతులు,
ఆధునిక కవిత్వంలో విలక్షణ ఊహాశాలిత ఈయన ప్రత్యేకత.
వచన కవిత్వానికి ఒక కొత్త వాకిలి తెరిచిన స్వతంత్రులు.
బహిరంతర ప్రకృతులకు తమ రచనల ద్వారా వ్యాఖ్యానం పలికిన దార్శనిక కవి.
ఒకానొకశైలీనిర్మాత.
- యువ నుంచి యువ దాకా (కవితా సంకలనం)
అ.జో. - వి. భొ. ప్రచురణలు 1999
Seshendra : Visionary Poet of the Millennium
seshendrasharma.weebly.com
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www.youtube.com/watch?v=K91NMuJw9uY
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For further information
please contact :Saatyaki S/o Seshendra Sharma ,
saatyaki@gmail.com , 9441070985 , 7702964402
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Who Are The Legal Heirs of Seshendra Sharma ?
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The literary world is aware that my father Gunturu Seshendra Sharma, eminent poet, litterateur and scholar-critic, died on 30th may 2007. Ever since he expired, there has been no mention of his parents, family members and other personal details in the news and in the articles about him. Not only this, fictional lies are being spread and using money power one shady lady is being propagated as his wife and so on. This has been causing me, as his son, a great mental agony. That is why, through this article, I am revealing certain fundamental truths to the literary field of this country and the civilized society. I appeal to your conscience to uphold truth, justice and values of our composite culture.
Seshendra Sharma's family members are: Parents: Subrahmanyam Sharma, Ammaayamma- Wife: Janaki Daughters: Vasundhara, Revathi, Sons: Vanamali, Saatyaki. Only these two are legal heirs of Seshendra Sharma, socially and morally too.
Street Play and Circus: In 1972, away from the civilized society, without the knowledge of parents and near and dear, in a far flung village called Halebeed in Karnataka a circus, a street play was staged. Let me make it clear that even after this street play my father did not divorce my mother Mrs.G.Janaki legally. He never had even a faint intention of committing such an uncivilized act. On the contrary, in all crucial Government documents he nominated my mother as his legal heir from time to time. During his long career as Municipal Commissioner with The Government of Andhra Pradesh, he retired 3 times. His first retirement came in 1975 by way of compulsory retirement for his anti establishment writings during Mrs. Gandhi's' emergency. His second retirement came in 1983 when the then new chief minister N.T. Rama Rao's government reduced the age of service from 58 to 55 years. The third and final retirement in the year 1985 on attaining 58 years of age. On all these occasions, in all the government documents, my father Seshendra Sharma nominated my mother Mrs. Janaki as his legal heir. This is precisely why the self contradictory 'second marriage' is a circus enacted away from the society and Law does not recognize this type of street plays as marriage.
Lakshmi Parvathi in literature
N.T. Rama Rao, actor turned politician married Ms. Lakshimi Parvathi in 1994 and subsequently in January 1995 he came to power for the second time. She used to act as an extra constitutional power and run the matters of government and the party. She developed her own coterie of cohorts and started dominating the party. After NTR was toppled by his own son- in-law, most of them parted ways with her. And the remaining touts left her for good the day NTR breathed his last. Ms.Indira Dhanrajgir has been playing the same role in Telugu literature over a period of more than 3 decades. In the guise of literature she developed her own coterie of lumpens with extra literary and money mongering elements - Tangirala Subba Rao, Velichala Kondala RAo(Editor:Jayanthi) Cheekolu Sundarayya(A.G.'s Office, Hyderabad et al).
There are a couple[ of dissimilarities between these two instances. After the demise of NTR, L.P's coterie of cohorts disappeared once and for all. Whereas, in Indira Dhanrajgir's case new lumpens are entering the field with the passage of time. Squandering her late father's wealth, she is roping in new touts. Since NTR's wife Basava Tarakam passed away in 1984 and since he was old and sick NTR's marriage with LP has ethical basis and is legal completely. Whereas I.D's is neither ethical nor legal. Hence it is a street play. This is the reason why after my father's death she has been spending money on a larger scale and indulging in false publicity and propaganda. Bh. Krishna Murthy, Sadasiva Sharma (The then Editor of Andhra Prabha:Telugu Daily, presently with Hindi Milap) Chandrasekhara Rao(Telugu lecturer: Methodist Degree College) etc. are indulging in all sorts of heinous acts to prop up I.D as my father's wife.
My father passed away on 30 May 2007. When our family was in grief and I was performing the 11 day ritual as per my mother's wish, the above mentioned Sadasiva Sharma went to Municipal Office on 4th June, created ruckus, played havoc telling them that he is from the Prime Minister's Office , мейд some 'senior officials' make phone calls to the officials concerned and got my father's death certificate forcibly issued. When the entire family was mourning the death of the family head, a stranger and a lumpen S.S -Why did he collect my father's death certificate forcibly from the municipal authorities? Whom did he collect it for?
THREE NAMES OF THE SAME PERSON IN 3 DECADES
This is perhaps for the first time that the name of a lady appears in 3 forms at a time. Perhaps in 1970, in my father's collection of poems"PAKSHULU her name appeared As Rajkumari Indira Devi Dhanrajgir. In 2006 she published a fake version of Kamaostav(Rewritten by a muffian Called Chandrasekhara Rao) . In this book her name appears as R.I.D.D. Prior to 1970 in Maqdoom Mohiuddeen's(Renowned Urdu Poet) anthology of poetry 'Bisath -E-Raks', in Urdu as well as Hindi , at the end of two poems her name appears as Kumari Indira Dhanrajgir. On 15th June 2007 A.P state cultural affairs department and Telugu University jointly held my father's memorial meeting. I.D hijacked this meeting by issuing her own commercial advertisements in English and Telugu dailies. In these advertisements her name appeared as Smt. Indira Devi Seshendra Sharma and again in the commercial public notices мейд by her in the month of November 2007her name appeared as Rajkumari devi etc. Why does her name appear in different forms on different occasions? Will I.D explain? Will Sadasiva Sharma clarify, who forcibly took my father's death certificate after four days of his death? Or will Bh.Krishna Murthy clarify?
If I.D has even an iota of regard, respect for or faith in love, or relation, the institution of marriage, immediately after'Halebeed Circus', she would have used my father's family sir name and her name would have appeared as Gunturu Indira. Since she was conscious of her goal during all times and conditions she did not take such a hasty and mindless step of change of her name.
WHERE DOES THE REAL SECRET LIE? Her life is totally illegal, anti-social and immoral. I.D's father performed her marriage with SRikishenSeth, Nephew of the then Prime minister to Nizam, Maharaja Kishen pershad in 1945. On the day of marriage itself I.D beat SrikeshenSeth up and ran away from him. She did not stop at that. She propagated among his friends and relatives and near and dear that he was not enough of a man and unfit for conjugal/ marital life. She filed a divorce case against him and dragged it till 1969/70. Lion's share of her husband's life got evaporated and was sapped completely by then. His parents used to approach I.D's father and plead with him to prevail upon his daughter, put sense into her head and see that she either lives with their son or dissolves the marriage legally so that they can remarry off their son. But I.D did not heed. Raja Dhanrajgir after getting disgusted with her nasty activities stipulated a mandatory condition in his will. He stated that I.D would be entitled to get a share of his property only if she is married.
This is the reason why ID who has no respect for the institution of marriage or regard or desire for marital life , in the guise of love and love poetry inflicted indelible blemish on the institution of marriage which is unprecedented in the literary history of the world. After my father's death she has been indulging in more rigorous false publicity along with her coterie of touts.
KAMOSTAV:STORY OF ID'S SOUL:
With this novel Kamostav, father's literary life came to an end for good. He did not produce literary works worth mentioning in his later phase of life. During those days he asked for my opinion on that novel. I told him clearly that it lacks the form and content of a novel- it does not have a story line, plot, sequences, characters and eventually a message which every novel gives. Hence it is a trash. Several people went to court and got its publication in a weekly stopped. ID got this very trash rewritten completely by Chandrasekhara Rao and printed it. This kind of heinous development has never taken place in the recorded history of Telugu literature till date. A writing which brought disrepute to my father in the literary field and isolated him in the society, why did she get it rewritten by somebody and publish it claiming copyright to be hers? What is her motive? What is her aim? That is why Kamotsav is ID's biography, story of her inner soul.
SESHENDRA'S COPYRIGHTS:
My father gifted away copyrights of his entire works along with their translations to me by way of birth day gift to me on 2.12.1989. Since then I have published several of his works during his lifetime itself. Kamostav, the version that is secretly мейд available is the dirty work of cheapsters and lumpens under the leadership of ID. It is much worse than violation of copyrights. That is the reason why I have been reluctant to take action so far. If she and her debased henchmen try to violate copyrights of my father's works bequeathed to me, I shall take exemplary legal action against them.
ID мейд 2 public notices to the effect that my father cancelled all his earlier transfer of copyrights and retransferred all his rights to her. This is a palace intrigue in the modern era in our civilized society.
WHAT DOES LAW SAY ABOUT COPYRIGHTS?
An author can transfer copyrights of his works to any one as per her/his wish. But the Copyrights Act 1957 and the Supreme Court in its various judgments has clearly stipulated a procedure to revoke earlier assignment and transferring of copyrights to somebody else subsequently. The author has to issue a notice to the 1st assignee, giving 6 months time for reply. Depending on the reply the author can take his next step. Where as in my father's copyrights matter he did not even inform me orally of any such cancellation. ID claims that she has a typed document of transfer of copyrights signed by my father on 5.1.2006. Between 5.1.2006 and 30.5.2007, leave alone issuing a notice, he did not even inform me orally.
My father who assigned copyrights to me in his own handwriting, when he was relatively young and physically fit did not require to cancel the 1st assignment when he was totally dilapidated, almost bedridden and was counting his days. Another important aspect of the matter is that I have printed the Xerox of my father's document in his own works as early as 1995 and have been doing so from time to time during his life time. Where as ID claims to possess a document after my father's death and she has not мейд it public so far. ID tried to get my father's complete works published in different languages by Telugu University (Hyderabad: A.P: India) by paying them Rs. 6 Lakhs. I approached Telugu University and apprised them of facts. On the advice of legal experts, they stopped this project and returned ID's money to her. It is an incontrovertible fact that ID's document is a forged and fraudulent document which does not stand scrutiny before law. Court shall certainly award her exemplary punishment. In all societies and times literature has been social wealth/public property from time immemorial. It should not be used as a mask to grab share of parental property illegally and unethically. I am committed to this cause/ ideal and appeal to the civilized society to strengthen my hands in this endeavor. ID's younger brother Sri Mahendra Pratapgir is the lone legal heir apparent of that family and keeping him in dark, she is squandering her father's wealth in Telugu literature for her nasty propaganda.
FATHER PASSED AWAY:
In 1997 when he suffered the 1st heart attack he was half-dead. Dr.Sudhakar Reddy, cardiologist of Mediciti Hospitals (Native of Warangal.A.P) performed angiogram and diagnosed that he had blocks in arteries and one valve was damaged completely. He advised open heart surgery. But ID averted it and got angioplasty performed. His health declined rapidly since then and was leading the life of virtually an invalid till he breathed his last. He suffered inexplicable mental and physical torture for about a decade. During the last leg of his journey he was isolated from his family completely. He was deserted by one and all in the literary field. When his younger brother passed away, his younger sister passed away he did not visit his ancestral home in his village and call on those families. He became target of jealousy and animosity in the society. He became a victim of false impression with the society that he was an aristocrat and rolling in luxuries. Whereas, he was deprived of even his native vegetarian food for decades together. As a silent and helpless witness to these painful happenings, I was subject to untold mental agony.
In the later half of March 2007 on one of my visits to him, I was aghast at his condition. His entire body was swollen. His appearance was like that of a stuffed gunny bag. I told him to get hospitalized. I told ID to rush him to a hospital. But of no avail. On 30th may 2007 at about 11 pm I got a phone call from her" Come soon/Serious" she said. As I entered at 11.15 pm "Go inside/he is no more' she said.
* * One day when swarms of lamps vanish, in the light of a lonely lamp I ask the dumb pillars "Can't you liberate me from the disgust of this existence? I ask those stand still forest flame trees
which blossom flowers at that very place year after year
"can't you rescue me?
I ask those high roof tops and this Venetian furniture
which every one feels are greater than me, "can't you rescue me from the disgust of this existence?" All these answer in a melancholic voice "We have been languishing since more than 100 years watching the same unchanging scenes we are older prisoners than you are" (Janavamsham: Telugu: Seshendra: Page 80-81:1993: Translated by me)
My father's first biography (in Hindi) titled "Rashtrendu Seshendra: Ashesh Aayaam" by Dr.Vishranth Vasishth appeared in 1994. Touching upon these very sensitive aspects of my father's life he commented in that book"SONE KE PINJRE ME PANCHCHI" (A bird in a golden cage). Alarmed and agonized by his rapidly declining health, as early as June 2002, in order to bring pressure on ID, I gave a 2 cassettes long interview to Vijayaviharam of Janaharsha group. Later on when I enquired about that interview they said that in the raids conducted on their premises, they got destroyed.
I wanted to rescue my father and bring him back home when he was in good health. Alas! At last, I took him to the burial ground, laid him on the funeral pyre and consigned him to flames and returned home all alone.
G.Satyaki S/o Late.G.Seshendra Sharma
Hyderabad.A.P.INDIA
saatyaki@gmail.com ,
+91 94410 70985 , 7702964402
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Pardon Me Father!
I could not rescue him from the clutches of that nymphomaniac and vampire. There may be an exception or two but an average Indian woman desires from the depths of her soul that her husband should live long and she should pass away before him. She performs prayers and fasts on auspicious days for this purpose. She in spite of being 3years elder to him did away with my father in a planned and premeditated manner and I was a silent and helpless witness to it. He suffered 1st Heart attack in November 1997. Cardiologists performed angiogram and advised open heart surgery. Because there were blocks in vessels and one valve was damaged. But she successfully thwarted it and without my knowledge or informing any one got angioplasty done in Mediciti (Hyderabad: AP; India) her plan was to do away with him and live long, and establish herself as his wife through his books. He was succumbing to her blackmail. My overwhelming hunch is that she was threatening him with social insult and humiliation if he parts ways with her.
Between 1997-2007, she played football with his body. He used to be hospitalized every now and then with swollen body and heart pain. Because of damaged valve pumping was impaired and water used to accumulate in the system. Every time I used to force her to hospitalize him. He used be in ICCU for a couple of days and recover marginally. After each visit to hospital he was getting debilitated gradually. He was put on wheel chair. He was virtually under house arrest. He was not allowed to speak to friends and family members. Visitors were kept away. He was taking Lasix (Tablet: is a diuretic that is used to treat fluid accumulation, caused by heart failure, cirrhosis, chronic kidney failure, and nephrotic syndrome.) to flush out water accumulated in his body. This creates a painful dilemma in me whether my interference in his health matters was just. As his son it was my moral duty to protect him. But I sometimes feel if I were not to interfere she would have put him to death long ago and thus he would have escaped from physical and mental torture quite early.
Towards perhaps end of the month of March she withdrew medication. He got swollen suddenly and that condition continued till the last day i.e. 30th may 2007. Each time I visited I used to tell that witch to take him to hospital. But after a couple of visits I got convinced that she made up her mind this time to do away with him. I requested a bastard who was feigning to be a friend of mine, who incidentally happens to be a legal luminary of this region to send a doctor friend to that place and ascertain the exact condition of his health. But of no avail.
I kept on telling him to come out of that place and lead a normal and healthy life. Her blackmail gained an upper hand and I lost in my efforts to restore health to him and bring him back to civilized society. O God pardon me for not being able to outmanoeuvre her machinations. Pardon me father.
Visionary Poet of the Millennium
An Indian poet Prophet
Seshendra Sharma
October 20th, 1927 - May 30th, 2007
tribupedia.com/seshendra-sharma-memorial-tribute/
www.facebook.com/GunturuSeshendraSharma/
eBooks :http://kinige.com/author/Gunturu+Seshendra+Sharma
Seshendra Sharma is one of the most outstanding minds of modern Asia. He is the foremost of the Telugu poets today who has turned poetry to the gigantic strides of human history and embellished literature with the thrills and triumphs of the 20th century. A revolutionary poet who spurned the pedestrian and pedantic poetry equally, a brilliant critic and a scholar of Sanskrit, this versatile poet has breathed a new vision of modernity to his vernacular.Such minds place Telugu on the world map of intellectualism. Readers conversant with names like Paul Valery, Gauguin, and Dag Hammarskjold will have to add the name of Seshendra Sharma the writer from India to that dynasty of intellectuals.
Rivers and poets
Are veins and arteries
Of a country.
Rivers flow like poems
For animals, for birds
And for human beings-
The dreams that rivers dream
Bear fruit in the fields
The dreams that poets dream
Bear fruit in the people-
* * * * * *
The sunshine of my thought fell on the word
And its long shadow fell upon the century
Sun was playing with the early morning flowers
Time was frightened at the sight of the martyr-
-Seshendra Sharma
B.A: Andhra Christian College: Guntur: A.P: India
B.L : Madras University: Madras
Deputy Municipal Commissioner (37 Years)
Dept of Municipal Administration, Government of Andhra Pradesh
Parents: G.Subrahmanyam (Father) ,Ammayamma (Mother)
Siblings: Anasuya,Devasena (Sisters),Rajasekharam(Younger brother)
Wife: Mrs.Janaki Sharma
Children: Vasundhara , Revathi (Daughters),
Vanamaali ,Saatyaki (Sons)
Seshendra Sharma better known as Seshendra is
a colossus of Modern Indian poetry.
His literature is a unique blend of the best of poetry and poetics.
Diversity and depth of his literary interests and his works
are perhaps hitherto unknown in Indian literature.
From poetry to poetics, from Mantra Sastra to Marxist Politics his writings bear an unnerving pprint of his rare genius.
His scholar ship and command over Sanskrit , English and Telugu Languages has facilitated his emergence as a towering personality of comparative literature in the 20th century world literature.
T.S.Eliot ,ArchbaldMacleish and Seshendra Sharma are trinity of world poetry and Poetics.
His sense of dedication to the genre of art he chooses to express himself and
the determination to reach the depths of subject he undertakes to explore
place him in the galaxy of world poets / world intellectuals.
Seshendra’seBooks :http://kinige.com/author/Gunturu+Seshendra+Sharma
Seshendra Sharma’s Writings Copyright © Saatyaki S/o Seshendra Sharma
Contact :saatyaki@gmail.com+919441070985+917702964402
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GunturuSeshendraSarma: an extraordinary poet-scholar
One of the ironies in literature is that
he came to be known more as a critic than a poet
HYDERABAD: An era of scholastic excellence and poetic grandeur has come to an end in the passing away of GunturuSeshendraSarma, one of the foremost poets and critics in Telugu literature. His mastery over western literature and Indian `AlankaraSastra' gave his works a stunning imagery, unparalleled in modern Indian works. One of the ironies in literature is that he came to be known more as a critic than a poet. The Central SahityaAkademi award was conferred on him for his work `KaalaRekha' and not for his poetic excellence. The genius in him made him explore `Kundalini Yoga' in his treatise on Ramayana in `Shodasi' convincingly. His intellectual quest further made him probe `NaishadhaKaavya' in the backdrop of `LalitaSahasraNaamavali', `SoundaryaLahari' and `Kama Kala Vilasam' in `SwarnaHamsa', Seshendra saw the entire universe as a storehouse of images and signs to which imagination was to make value-addition. Like Stephene Mallarme who was considered a prophet of symbolism in French literature, SeshendraSarma too believed that art alone would survive in the universe along with poetry. He believed that the main vocation of human beings was to be artists and poets. His `Kavisena Manifesto' gave a new direction to modern criticism making it a landmark work in poetics. Telugus would rue the intellectual impoverishment they suffered in maintaining a `distance' from him. Seshendra could have given us more, but we did not deserve it! The denial of the Jnanpeeth Award to him proves it
The Hindu
India's National Newspaper
Friday, Jun 01, 2007
Who Are The Legal Heirs of Seshendra Sharma ?
------------------
The literary world is aware that my father Gunturu Seshendra Sharma, eminent poet, litterateur and scholar-critic, died on 30th may 2007. Ever since he expired, there has been no mention of his parents, family members and other personal details in the news and in the articles about him. Not only this, fictional lies are being spread and using money power one shady lady is being propagated as his wife and so on. This has been causing me, as his son, a great mental agony. That is why, through this article, I am revealing certain fundamental truths to the literary field of this country and the civilized society. I appeal to your conscience to uphold truth, justice and values of our composite culture.
Seshendra Sharma's family members are: Parents: Subrahmanyam Sharma, Ammaayamma- Wife: Janaki Daughters: Vasundhara, Revathi, Sons: Vanamali, Saatyaki. Only these two are legal heirs of Seshendra Sharma, socially and morally too.
Street Play and Circus: In 1972, away from the civilized society, without the knowledge of parents and near and dear, in a far flung village called Halebeed in Karnataka a circus, a street play was staged. Let me make it clear that even after this street play my father did not divorce my mother Mrs.G.Janaki legally. He never had even a faint intention of committing such an uncivilized act. On the contrary, in all crucial Government documents he nominated my mother as his legal heir from time to time. During his long career as Municipal Commissioner with The Government of Andhra Pradesh, he retired 3 times. His first retirement came in 1975 by way of compulsory retirement for his anti establishment writings during Mrs. Gandhi's' emergency. His second retirement came in 1983 when the then new chief minister N.T. Rama Rao's government reduced the age of service from 58 to 55 years. The third and final retirement in the year 1985 on attaining 58 years of age. On all these occasions, in all the government documents, my father Seshendra Sharma nominated my mother Mrs. Janaki as his legal heir. This is precisely why the self contradictory 'second marriage' is a circus enacted away from the society and Law does not recognize this type of street plays as marriage.
Lakshmi Parvathi in literature
N.T. Rama Rao, actor turned politician married Ms. Lakshimi Parvathi in 1994 and subsequently in January 1995 he came to power for the second time. She used to act as an extra constitutional power and run the matters of government and the party. She developed her own coterie of cohorts and started dominating the party. After NTR was toppled by his own son- in-law, most of them parted ways with her. And the remaining touts left her for good the day NTR breathed his last. Ms.Indira Dhanrajgir has been playing the same role in Telugu literature over a period of more than 3 decades. In the guise of literature she developed her own coterie of lumpens with extra literary and money mongering elements - Tangirala Subba Rao, Velichala Kondala RAo(Editor:Jayanthi) Cheekolu Sundarayya(A.G.'s Office, Hyderabad et al).
There are a couple[ of dissimilarities between these two instances. After the demise of NTR, L.P's coterie of cohorts disappeared once and for all. Whereas, in Indira Dhanrajgir's case new lumpens are entering the field with the passage of time. Squandering her late father's wealth, she is roping in new touts. Since NTR's wife Basava Tarakam passed away in 1984 and since he was old and sick NTR's marriage with LP has ethical basis and is legal completely. Whereas I.D's is neither ethical nor legal. Hence it is a street play. This is the reason why after my father's death she has been spending money on a larger scale and indulging in false publicity and propaganda. Bh. Krishna Murthy, Sadasiva Sharma (The then Editor of Andhra Prabha:Telugu Daily, presently with Hindi Milap) Chandrasekhara Rao(Telugu lecturer: Methodist Degree College) etc. are indulging in all sorts of heinous acts to prop up I.D as my father's wife.
My father passed away on 30 May 2007. When our family was in grief and I was performing the 11 day ritual as per my mother's wish, the above mentioned Sadasiva Sharma went to Municipal Office on 4th June, created ruckus, played havoc telling them that he is from the Prime Minister's Office , мейд some 'senior officials' make phone calls to the officials concerned and got my father's death certificate forcibly issued. When the entire family was mourning the death of the family head, a stranger and a lumpen S.S -Why did he collect my father's death certificate forcibly from the municipal authorities? Whom did he collect it for?
THREE NAMES OF THE SAME PERSON IN 3 DECADES
This is perhaps for the first time that the name of a lady appears in 3 forms at a time. Perhaps in 1970, in my father's collection of poems"PAKSHULU her name appeared As Rajkumari Indira Devi Dhanrajgir. In 2006 she published a fake version of Kamaostav(Rewritten by a muffian Called Chandrasekhara Rao) . In this book her name appears as R.I.D.D. Prior to 1970 in Maqdoom Mohiuddeen's(Renowned Urdu Poet) anthology of poetry 'Bisath -E-Raks', in Urdu as well as Hindi , at the end of two poems her name appears as Kumari Indira Dhanrajgir. On 15th June 2007 A.P state cultural affairs department and Telugu University jointly held my father's memorial meeting. I.D hijacked this meeting by issuing her own commercial advertisements in English and Telugu dailies. In these advertisements her name appeared as Smt. Indira Devi Seshendra Sharma and again in the commercial public notices мейд by her in the month of November 2007her name appeared as Rajkumari devi etc. Why does her name appear in different forms on different occasions? Will I.D explain? Will Sadasiva Sharma clarify, who forcibly took my father's death certificate after four days of his death? Or will Bh.Krishna Murthy clarify?
If I.D has even an iota of regard, respect for or faith in love, or relation, the institution of marriage, immediately after'Halebeed Circus', she would have used my father's family sir name and her name would have appeared as Gunturu Indira. Since she was conscious of her goal during all times and conditions she did not take such a hasty and mindless step of change of her name.
WHERE DOES THE REAL SECRET LIE? Her life is totally illegal, anti-social and immoral. I.D's father performed her marriage with SRikishenSeth, Nephew of the then Prime minister to Nizam, Maharaja Kishen pershad in 1945. On the day of marriage itself I.D beat SrikeshenSeth up and ran away from him. She did not stop at that. She propagated among his friends and relatives and near and dear that he was not enough of a man and unfit for conjugal/ marital life. She filed a divorce case against him and dragged it till 1969/70. Lion's share of her husband's life got evaporated and was sapped completely by then. His parents used to approach I.D's father and plead with him to prevail upon his daughter, put sense into her head and see that she either lives with their son or dissolves the marriage legally so that they can remarry off their son. But I.D did not heed. Raja Dhanrajgir after getting disgusted with her nasty activities stipulated a mandatory condition in his will. He stated that I.D would be entitled to get a share of his property only if she is married.
This is the reason why ID who has no respect for the institution of marriage or regard or desire for marital life , in the guise of love and love poetry inflicted indelible blemish on the institution of marriage which is unprecedented in the literary history of the world. After my father's death she has been indulging in more rigorous false publicity along with her coterie of touts.
KAMOSTAV:STORY OF ID'S SOUL:
With this novel Kamostav, father's literary life came to an end for good. He did not produce literary works worth mentioning in his later phase of life. During those days he asked for my opinion on that novel. I told him clearly that it lacks the form and content of a novel- it does not have a story line, plot, sequences, characters and eventually a message which every novel gives. Hence it is a trash. Several people went to court and got its publication in a weekly stopped. ID got this very trash rewritten completely by Chandrasekhara Rao and printed it. This kind of heinous development has never taken place in the recorded history of Telugu literature till date. A writing which brought disrepute to my father in the literary field and isolated him in the society, why did she get it rewritten by somebody and publish it claiming copyright to be hers? What is her motive? What is her aim? That is why Kamotsav is ID's biography, story of her inner soul.
SESHENDRA'S COPYRIGHTS:
My father gifted away copyrights of his entire works along with their translations to me by way of birth day gift to me on 2.12.1989. Since then I have published several of his works during his lifetime itself. Kamostav, the version that is secretly мейд available is the dirty work of cheapsters and lumpens under the leadership of ID. It is much worse than violation of copyrights. That is the reason why I have been reluctant to take action so far. If she and her debased henchmen try to violate copyrights of my father's works bequeathed to me, I shall take exemplary legal action against them.
ID мейд 2 public notices to the effect that my father cancelled all his earlier transfer of copyrights and retransferred all his rights to her. This is a palace intrigue in the modern era in our civilized society.
WHAT DOES LAW SAY ABOUT COPYRIGHTS?
An author can transfer copyrights of his works to any one as per her/his wish. But the Copyrights Act 1957 and the Supreme Court in its various judgments has clearly stipulated a procedure to revoke earlier assignment and transferring of copyrights to somebody else subsequently. The author has to issue a notice to the 1st assignee, giving 6 months time for reply. Depending on the reply the author can take his next step. Where as in my father's copyrights matter he did not even inform me orally of any such cancellation. ID claims that she has a typed document of transfer of copyrights signed by my father on 5.1.2006. Between 5.1.2006 and 30.5.2007, leave alone issuing a notice, he did not even inform me orally.
My father who assigned copyrights to me in his own handwriting, when he was relatively young and physically fit did not require to cancel the 1st assignment when he was totally dilapidated, almost bedridden and was counting his days. Another important aspect of the matter is that I have printed the Xerox of my father's document in his own works as early as 1995 and have been doing so from time to time during his life time. Where as ID claims to possess a document after my father's death and she has not мейд it public so far. ID tried to get my father's complete works published in different languages by Telugu University (Hyderabad: A.P: India) by paying them Rs. 6 Lakhs. I approached Telugu University and apprised them of facts. On the advice of legal experts, they stopped this project and returned ID's money to her. It is an incontrovertible fact that ID's document is a forged and fraudulent document which does not stand scrutiny before law. Court shall certainly award her exemplary punishment. In all societies and times literature has been social wealth/public property from time immemorial. It should not be used as a mask to grab share of parental property illegally and unethically. I am committed to this cause/ ideal and appeal to the civilized society to strengthen my hands in this endeavor. ID's younger brother Sri Mahendra Pratapgir is the lone legal heir apparent of that family and keeping him in dark, she is squandering her father's wealth in Telugu literature for her nasty propaganda.
FATHER PASSED AWAY:
In 1997 when he suffered the 1st heart attack he was half-dead. Dr.Sudhakar Reddy, cardiologist of Mediciti Hospitals (Native of Warangal.A.P) performed angiogram and diagnosed that he had blocks in arteries and one valve was damaged completely. He advised open heart surgery. But ID averted it and got angioplasty performed. His health declined rapidly since then and was leading the life of virtually an invalid till he breathed his last. He suffered inexplicable mental and physical torture for about a decade. During the last leg of his journey he was isolated from his family completely. He was deserted by one and all in the literary field. When his younger brother passed away, his younger sister passed away he did not visit his ancestral home in his village and call on those families. He became target of jealousy and animosity in the society. He became a victim of false impression with the society that he was an aristocrat and rolling in luxuries. Whereas, he was deprived of even his native vegetarian food for decades together. As a silent and helpless witness to these painful happenings, I was subject to untold mental agony.
In the later half of March 2007 on one of my visits to him, I was aghast at his condition. His entire body was swollen. His appearance was like that of a stuffed gunny bag. I told him to get hospitalized. I told ID to rush him to a hospital. But of no avail. On 30th may 2007 at about 11 pm I got a phone call from her" Come soon/Serious" she said. As I entered at 11.15 pm "Go inside/he is no more' she said.
* * One day when swarms of lamps vanish, in the light of a lonely lamp I ask the dumb pillars "Can't you liberate me from the disgust of this existence? I ask those stand still forest flame trees
which blossom flowers at that very place year after year
"can't you rescue me?
I ask those high roof tops and this Venetian furniture
which every one feels are greater than me, "can't you rescue me from the disgust of this existence?" All these answer in a melancholic voice "We have been languishing since more than 100 years watching the same unchanging scenes we are older prisoners than you are" (Janavamsham: Telugu: Seshendra: Page 80-81:1993: Translated by me)
My father's first biography (in Hindi) titled "Rashtrendu Seshendra: Ashesh Aayaam" by Dr.Vishranth Vasishth appeared in 1994. Touching upon these very sensitive aspects of my father's life he commented in that book"SONE KE PINJRE ME PANCHCHI" (A bird in a golden cage). Alarmed and agonized by his rapidly declining health, as early as June 2002, in order to bring pressure on ID, I gave a 2 cassettes long interview to Vijayaviharam of Janaharsha group. Later on when I enquired about that interview they said that in the raids conducted on their premises, they got destroyed.
I wanted to rescue my father and bring him back home when he was in good health. Alas! At last, I took him to the burial ground, laid him on the funeral pyre and consigned him to flames and returned home all alone.
G.Satyaki S/o Late.G.Seshendra Sharma
Hyderabad.A.P.INDIA
saatyaki@gmail.com ,
+91 94410 70985 , 7702964402
---------------
Pardon Me Father!
I could not rescue him from the clutches of that nymphomaniac and vampire. There may be an exception or two but an average Indian woman desires from the depths of her soul that her husband should live long and she should pass away before him. She performs prayers and fasts on auspicious days for this purpose. She in spite of being 3years elder to him did away with my father in a planned and premeditated manner and I was a silent and helpless witness to it. He suffered 1st Heart attack in November 1997. Cardiologists performed angiogram and advised open heart surgery. Because there were blocks in vessels and one valve was damaged. But she successfully thwarted it and without my knowledge or informing any one got angioplasty done in Mediciti (Hyderabad: AP; India) her plan was to do away with him and live long, and establish herself as his wife through his books. He was succumbing to her blackmail. My overwhelming hunch is that she was threatening him with social insult and humiliation if he parts ways with her.
Between 1997-2007, she played football with his body. He used to be hospitalized every now and then with swollen body and heart pain. Because of damaged valve pumping was impaired and water used to accumulate in the system. Every time I used to force her to hospitalize him. He used be in ICCU for a couple of days and recover marginally. After each visit to hospital he was getting debilitated gradually. He was put on wheel chair. He was virtually under house arrest. He was not allowed to speak to friends and family members. Visitors were kept away. He was taking Lasix (Tablet: is a diuretic that is used to treat fluid accumulation, caused by heart failure, cirrhosis, chronic kidney failure, and nephrotic syndrome.) to flush out water accumulated in his body. This creates a painful dilemma in me whether my interference in his health matters was just. As his son it was my moral duty to protect him. But I sometimes feel if I were not to interfere she would have put him to death long ago and thus he would have escaped from physical and mental torture quite early.
Towards perhaps end of the month of March she withdrew medication. He got swollen suddenly and that condition continued till the last day i.e. 30th may 2007. Each time I visited I used to tell that witch to take him to hospital. But after a couple of visits I got convinced that she made up her mind this time to do away with him. I requested a bastard who was feigning to be a friend of mine, who incidentally happens to be a legal luminary of this region to send a doctor friend to that place and ascertain the exact condition of his health. But of no avail.
I kept on telling him to come out of that place and lead a normal and healthy life. Her blackmail gained an upper hand and I lost in my efforts to restore health to him and bring him back to civilized society. O God pardon me for not being able to outmanoeuvre her machinations. Pardon me father.
AANANDHA SAI
By G. V. Subba Rao
(Summary of a Talk given in Brindhavan)
G. V. Subba Rao, Prasanthi Nilayam, June, 2002
www.eaisai. com/baba/ docs/anandasai. html
Bliss comes with Blessings
The day before yesterday, I had indicated that I would talk on the sacred topic “AANANDHA SAI”. But yesterday in the evening, Baba gave a talk on “AANANDHA”. It is thus a great blessing. The thoughts coincided with Baba’s grace!
AANANDHA translated means BLISS. Only with the Divine Blessing does the word AANANDHA give one a capacity to experience Bliss. Blessing goes with Bliss.
Svaami defines AANANDHA as: “A” meaning AATHMA – The inner Reality. “NANDHA” meaning the offspring. The offspring of the Reality – one who is born of the Reality. This emphasizes your origin which is the never changing Reality – Absolute PARABRAHMA. PARABRAHMA is our original abode.
In the BHRUGU VALLI of the THAITHIREEYA UPANISHATH it is said:
AANANDHO BRAHMETHI VYAJAANATH.
AANANDHADHYAIVA KHALVIMAANI BHUTHAANI JAAYANTHE.
AANANDHENA JAATHAANI JEEVANTHI.
AANANDHAM PRAYANTHYABHISAMVIS HANTHEETHI.
SAISHAA BHAARGAVEE VAARUNEE VIDHYAA –
Bliss as BRAHMAN;
From Bliss, indeed all these beings originate;
Having been born, they are sustained by Bliss;
They move towards and merge in Bliss.
This knowledge is realized by the sage Bhrugu and imparted by Varuna.
The AANANDHA VALLI of the THAITHREEYA UPANISHATH explains
YATHO VAACHO NIVARTHANTHE.
APRAAPYA MANASA SAH –
Bliss is indescribable, unspeakable
Because it transcends speech.
It is the Super Conscious Reality, the Supreme Source, the Origin of all Creation, of all the multiplicity of the Universe – EKAM SATH VIPRAH BAHUDHAA VADHANTHI. There is no BECOMING in Bliss, because it is BEING, IS-NESS; EXISTENCE. The UPANISHATHS explain absolute Reality. Bliss is not obtained by doing; it is just Being.
Svaami is the embodiment of the Divine Bliss. UPANISHATHS are the sum and substance of all the VEDHAS. The great sages, sacrificing, practised austerity, penance and explored the inner regions of their own Self, and the Reality was revealed. These were Revelations, not intellectual conclusions. They appeared in SAMAADHI – Deep Absorption, there is no triadic differentiation in that state.
There is no Seer – Seen - the Act of Seeing;
There is no Actor – Action – the Acting;
There is no Subject – Object – the Relationship;
There is no KARMA – KARTHA – KRIYA
All these threefold characteristics or distinctions, the THRIPUTI, are present only in the world of relativity. There is no distinction in SAMAADHI – the Super conscious state.
SATHYAM JNAANAM ANANTHAM AANANDHAM BRAHMA
This is repeatedly mentioned in the THAITHIREEYA, BRIHADHAARANYAKA and above all, the SHVETHAASHVATHARA UPANISHATHS.
The Divine, the PARABRAHMA is the embodiment of Truth, Knowledge, Infinitude and Bliss. Infinite, because it is ever expansive, unlimited, omniscient and TRUTH, because it is unaffected by Time, Space and Circumstance. When you are aware of absolute Reality, you are in total Bliss. Bliss is the very nature, the essence of PARABRAHMAN. We originate in Bliss. Bliss is the highest of all forms of feelings, of joy, happiness, delight. It is not a summation of all the worldly feelings; it is a transcendental entity.
Svaami continuously reminds us of our Divine origin, the essence of Divinity is Bliss absolute. In the worldly arena, we are seeking sense satisfaction; senses are limited. Bliss is beyond. These sensual pleasures are pale reflections of Bliss. When Svaami sings the BHAJAN. “SATHYAM BRAHMA, JNAANAM BRAHMA, ANANTHAM BRAHMA, AANANDHAM BRAHMA” He is asking us, “Do you know your origin?”. BRAHMAN is our origin and abode.
Sometime ago, Svaami asked us “Do you know what NARA is?” The normal answer which came to the mind was “NARA means MAN.” The word NARA derives from the concept of “nerves”. Man is a bundle of nerves. This is the conventional way of understanding. Man is the Human being that has the maximum number of nerves. When we mentioned 72 000 nerves, Svaami corrected us 7.2 million nerves! NARA also derives from NEERAM or water. The human body is predominantly water. Nearly 99% of the body is based on the water principle. Svaami went further and said “We are not only nerves and not only water, you are more than that, you are: “NA” meaning No or Not; “RA” that which is destroyed (the Agni Beeja – Seed syllable for Fire God); “NA-RA” thus means “That entity which cannot be burnt”, i.e., AATHMA.” The only indestructible entity in the Cosmos is the AATHMA. NARA also means AVINAASHI – Indestructible. In spiritual terms both NARA and NAARAAYANA mean the same. Svaami emphasizes the Divine principle all the time. JALA or water is JADA, not alive. JADA PRAKRITHI is the nature that is not conscious, everlasting, outlasting even time. We are divine. We originate in Divinity. And the realization of that origin is the goal of life.
Thus, the word AANANDHA is not a qualifying phrase. It does not qualify the multiplicity of aspects of BRAHMAN. It is not just one of the many outer characteristics. It is the inherent characteristic, the innermost quality; SVARUUPA. You live in Bliss. Bliss is God, Divinity. This Bliss sustains you. If someone is happy, you do not ask, Why are you happy? Because happiness is our natural state.
In Kodaikanal, we asked Svaami, “How do we understand the divine mystery, Svaami?” Svaami said, “you really cannot understand. You will have to stand under Me for so long until your legs collapse!” "Svaami, can we then experience You?” "No, because it is relative; limited. You cannot fully experience; experiencing is like experimenting – it is experimentation."
All experiences with Svaami, for example, His materializations, His miracles are experimentation. You nourish the experience in the mind; mentation is limited to the mind. Mentation is mental act. Svaami cannot be reached by the mind. YATHO VAACHO NIVARTHANTHE; APRAAPYA MANASAA SAH says the THAITHIREEYA UPANISHATH. "If we cannot really understand and it is also beyond our experience, then, how do we grapple with the Divine mystery, Svaami?" He laughed. "It is AANANDHA – enjoying, end-joy, end in joy!"
Svaami is supremely detached within, but intensely active without. He is Bliss based; of the nature of Bliss Divine. Bliss is not comparable with other states. It is Absolute, everything in Itself. It is a sense different from love. In respect of love, there is the Lover – Loved – and Loving. But in respect of Bliss, there is no such triad as Blisser, Blissed and Blissing! PREMA is a more appropriate word than Love, because PREMA is beyond senses; It is nothing but the manifestation of Bliss. When you translate PREMA as Love, you have the Thriputi, Subject – Object – Interaction. Bliss however is undifferentiated. Bliss exists in C.I.A. – Constant Integrated Awareness. “Svaami, you are SATH CHITH AANANDHA AVATHAARA”. Look at His miracles of over flowing Love. “HIS STORY” is the divine story. That is the true history. The PURAANAS and VEDHAS mention the concept of AVATHAARA. AVA means descent; THARA means to liberate. He liberates us from our ignorance, worldly bondages, and attachments.
Why do we forget our origin? There are three reasons, ego – AHAMKAARA, attachment – MOHA and desire – KAAMA. Ego – AHAMKAARA is a self imposed limitation. It arises because of VAASANAS – Impressions and imprints arising from literally hundreds and thousands of births in the past. Attachment – BANDHA is the root of the word “Bond”. This limits us, clouds our thinking. The solution is: “Detachment from worldly matters through inner silence, the abode of our inner Being."
Svaami Himself is supremely detached within and intensely active without, outside. MAMATHVAM, the feeling of desiring objects, is the third reason. The ego-identity is necessary for us to operate in the world. Body – mind – intellect equipment is given to us like a boat, to cross the ocean of SAMSAARA – the worldly suffering.
When you have crossed the waters, you leave the boat.
DHEHO DEVAALAYAH PROKTHAH – Body is the temple of God. JEEVO DHEVAH SANAATHANAH – The JEEVAATHMA is the PARABHRAMA. Svaami relates English with Sanskrith and translates AYAM AATHMA BRAHMA as “I AM AATHMA BRAHMA!” I am the Supreme, all pervasive divinity.
BRAHMAN is neither near nor far, He is in you. He is You. "You are also an AVATHAAR!" says Baba.
The PURUSHA SUUKTHAM states the THRIPAADH VIBHUUTHI; The entire universe is only His feet. There is so much more that is invisible. The entire PRAKRITHI – Nature is only a small part. God is far beyond. All this cosmos, the millions of galaxies are only a minute particle of the VIRAAT PURUSHA, the cosmic divine person.
We move from the gross to the subtle and then to the subtlest and even beyond, to the realm of Bliss Divine. “Bliss” is the innermost KOSHA – Covering. The process of enquiry into the five sheaths covering our inner Being reveals the essential truth. The ANNAMAYA KOSHA (The physical Sheath) – is the Body complex. It is the grossest sheath. The PRAANAMAYA KOSHA (The Vital Air Sheath) – The PANCHA PRAANAS vitalize and maintain and nourish the body system. The MANOMAYA KOSHA (The Mental sheath) – The process of thoughts and counter thoughts. The VIJNAANAMAYA KOSHA (The Super Intellectual Sheath) – It is the capacity to reason and discriminate. NISCHAYAATHMIKA BUDDHIH – is the Innermost essence. It is the tail of BRAAHMIK consciousness. Bliss is ever expanding Love. “SATH CHITH AANANDHA”.
“AA” – Means Total.
“SATH” – is Delight. AANANDHA is total delight, Bliss.
“CHITH” – Awareness or Consciousness.
Svaami is the “SATH CHITH AANANDHA AVATHAAR”. He is Omniscient - Bliss personified. Develop your consciousness. Body orientation limits you to the small boy. By going deeper, the basis on which you stand is revealed as BLISS, not EMOTION. Svaami says, "I keep telling stories and performing miracles in order for you to enjoy your innermost essence. Do not be lost in the worldly sensory attractions." Go for the UPANISHADHIK essence, the eternal Truth. The absolute Truth; Leave out the DEHAATHMA BHAAVA – “I am the body” feeling. Develop DHEHYAATHMA BHAAVA – the feeling that the I am the indwelling Spirit in the body. Bliss is the stable element in the Body which is the Temple of God. KOHAM? Who am I? NAAHAM DHEHAM – “I am not the body”. SOHAM – “I am GOD”. The body itself experiences SO-HAM, with every breath. The body continues to breathe even in sleep. VAIRAAGYA and ABHYAASA – The practice of detachment is the means for getting out of body consciousness. By leaving the qualities of RAAGA and DHVESHA – likes and dislikes, SAMYOGA and VIYOGA – meeting and separation, we can reach the point of equanimity. ADVAITHA DHARSHANAA JNAANAM – the Vision of Non-duality is true knowing. MOKSHA – Freedom or Liberation, is defined by Svaami as MOHA KSHAYA – The decay of attachment. Liberate yourself from all attachments. Detach from your desires, your bonds. Deflate your ego. Keep your head down. Offer all that you do to the Lord. BHAKTHI is the easiest path, says Svaami. BHAKTHI, PRAPATTHI and SHARANAAGATHI – devotion, deep yearning and complete surrender is the steady and sweet path to reach Divinity.
OM THATH SATH