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A new one on me, but I think it might be one of the Stem Sawflies, so named because the larvae bore into the stems of grasses and shrubs.
The Center for STEM Education hosted the 3rd annual West Point Middle School STEM Workshop May 29-June 1, with 110 students throughout the nation participating in this hands-on exploration of science, technology, engineering and mathematics. Photo by Mike Strasser, West Point Public Affairs
These students from Kashmere, North Early College, and Wheatley High Schools worked in cooperative groups to solve a real world problem. Each group of 3 to 4 students posed as an engineering firm that would submit a robotics solution to a geophysics problem. Teams used the LEGO Mindstorm NXT robot to design a vehicle that could climb to the top of a Mountain to retrieve rocks that stored energy. Their vehicle should be able to climb the mountain and continue its motion as the slope of the mountain increased. The team whose robot climbed the highest would win the bid with my company.
Ryan Gardner (second from left) receives his certificate of completion in the Naval Historical Foundation STEM Fellowship Program. At far left is is Dr. Dave Winkler, at right are Captain John Paulson, USN (Ret.), and Dr. Ed Furgol.
A rose is a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus Rosa, in the family Rosaceae, or the flower it bears. There are over three hundred species and tens of thousands of cultivars.[citation needed] They form a group of plants that can be erect shrubs, climbing, or trailing, with stems that are often armed with sharp prickles. Their flowers vary in size and shape and are usually large and showy, in colours ranging from white through yellows and reds. Most species are native to Asia, with smaller numbers native to Europe, North America, and northwestern Africa.[citation needed] Species, cultivars and hybrids are all widely grown for their beauty and often are fragrant. Roses have acquired cultural significance in many societies. Rose plants range in size from compact, miniature roses, to climbers that can reach seven meters in height.[citation needed] Different species hybridize easily, and this has been used in the development of the wide range of garden roses.
ETYMOLOGY
The name rose comes from Latin rosa, which was perhaps borrowed from Oscan, from Greek ρόδον rhódon (Aeolic βρόδον wródon), itself borrowed from Old Persian wrd- (wurdi), related to Avestan varəδa, Sogdian ward, Parthian wâr.
BOTANY
The leaves are borne alternately on the stem. In most species they are 5 to 15 centimetres long, pinnate, with (3–) 5–9 (–13) leaflets and basal stipules; the leaflets usually have a serrated margin, and often a few small prickles on the underside of the stem. Most roses are deciduous but a few (particularly from Southeast Asia) are evergreen or nearly so.
The flowers of most species have five petals, with the exception of Rosa sericea, which usually has only four. Each petal is divided into two distinct lobes and is usually white or pink, though in a few species yellow or red. Beneath the petals are five sepals (or in the case of some Rosa sericea, four). These may be long enough to be visible when viewed from above and appear as green points alternating with the rounded petals. There are multiple superior ovaries that develop into achenes. Roses are insect-pollinated in nature.
The aggregate fruit of the rose is a berry-like structure called a rose hip. Many of the domestic cultivars do not produce hips, as the flowers are so tightly petalled that they do not provide access for pollination. The hips of most species are red, but a few (e.g. Rosa pimpinellifolia) have dark purple to black hips. Each hip comprises an outer fleshy layer, the hypanthium, which contains 5–160 "seeds" (technically dry single-seeded fruits called achenes) embedded in a matrix of fine, but stiff, hairs. Rose hips of some species, especially the dog rose (Rosa canina) and rugosa rose (Rosa rugosa), are very rich in vitamin C, among the richest sources of any plant. The hips are eaten by fruit-eating birds such as thrushes and waxwings, which then disperse the seeds in their droppings. Some birds, particularly finches, also eat the seeds.
The sharp growths along a rose stem, though commonly called "thorns", are technically prickles, outgrowths of the epidermis (the outer layer of tissue of the stem), unlike true thorns, which are modified stems. Rose prickles are typically sickle-shaped hooks, which aid the rose in hanging onto other vegetation when growing over it. Some species such as Rosa rugosa and Rosa pimpinellifolia have densely packed straight prickles, probably an adaptation to reduce browsing by animals, but also possibly an adaptation to trap wind-blown sand and so reduce erosion and protect their roots (both of these species grow naturally on coastal sand dunes). Despite the presence of prickles, roses are frequently browsed by deer. A few species of roses have only vestigial prickles that have no points.
EVOLUTION
About 50 million years ago, the first rose in the Americas were found in modern-day Colorado in the United States. Today's garden roses come from 18th-century China. Among the old Chinese garden roses, the Old Blush group is the most primitive, while newer groups are the most diverse.
SPECIES
The genus Rosa is composed of 140-180 species and divided into four subgenera:
Hulthemia (formerly Simplicifoliae, meaning "with single leaves") containing two species from southwest Asia, Rosa persica and Rosa berberifolia, which are the only roses without compound leaves or stipules.
Hesperrhodos (from the Greek for "western rose") contains Rosa minutifolia and Rosa stellata, from North America.
Platyrhodon (from the Greek for "flaky rose", referring to flaky bark) with one species from east Asia, Rosa roxburghii (also known as the chestnut rose).
Rosa (the type subgenus, sometimes incorrectly called Eurosa) containing all the other roses. This subgenus is subdivided into 11 sections.
Banksianae – white and yellow flowered roses from China.
Bracteatae – three species, two from China and one from India.
Caninae – pink and white flowered species from Asia, Europe and North Africa.
Carolinae – white, pink, and bright pink flowered species all from North America.
Chinensis – white, pink, yellow, red and mixed-colour roses from China and Burma.
Gallicanae – pink to crimson and striped flowered roses from western Asia and Europe.
Gymnocarpae – one species in western North America (Rosa gymnocarpa), others in east Asia.
Laevigatae – a single white flowered species from China.
Pimpinellifoliae – white, pink, bright yellow, mauve and striped roses from Asia and Europe.
Rosa (syn. sect. Cinnamomeae) – white, pink, lilac, mulberry and red roses from everywhere but North Africa.
Synstylae – white, pink, and crimson flowered roses from all areas.
USES
Roses are best known as ornamental plants grown for their flowers in the garden and sometimes indoors. They have been also used for commercial perfumery and commercial cut flower crops. Some are used as landscape plants, for hedging and for other utilitarian purposes such as game cover and slope stabilization.
ORNAMENTAL PLANTS
The majority of ornamental roses are hybrids that were bred for their flowers. A few, mostly species roses are grown for attractive or scented foliage (such as Rosa glauca and Rosa rubiginosa), ornamental thorns (such as Rosa sericea) or for their showy fruit (such as Rosa moyesii).
Ornamental roses have been cultivated for millennia, with the earliest known cultivation known to date from at least 500 BC in Mediterranean countries, Persia, and China. It is estimated that 30 to 35 thousand rose hybrids and cultivars have been bred and selected for garden use as flowering plants. Most are double-flowered with many or all of the stamens having morphed into additional petals.
In the early 19th century the Empress Josephine of France patronized the development of rose breeding at her gardens at Malmaison. As long ago as 1840 a collection numbering over one thousand different cultivars, varieties and species was possible when a rosarium was planted by Loddiges nursery for Abney Park Cemetery, an early Victorian garden cemetery and arboretum in England.
CUT FLOWERS
Roses are a popular crop for both domestic and commercial cut flowers. Generally they are harvested and cut when in bud, and held in refrigerated conditions until ready for display at their point of sale.
In temperate climates, cut roses are often grown in greenhouses, and in warmer countries they may also be grown under cover in order to ensure that the flowers are not damaged by weather and that pest and disease control can be carried out effectively. Significant quantities are grown in some tropical countries, and these are shipped by air to markets across the world.
Some kind of roses are artificially coloured using dyed water, like rainbow roses.
PERFUME
Rose perfumes are made from rose oil (also called attar of roses), which is a mixture of volatile essential oils obtained by steam distilling the crushed petals of roses. An associated product is rose water which is used for cooking, cosmetics, medicine and religious practices. The production technique originated in Persia and then spread through Arabia and India, and more recently into eastern Europe. In Bulgaria, Iran and Germany, damask roses (Rosa × damascena 'Trigintipetala') are used. In other parts of the world Rosa × centifolia is commonly used. The oil is transparent pale yellow or yellow-grey in colour. 'Rose Absolute' is solvent-extracted with hexane and produces a darker oil, dark yellow to orange in colour. The weight of oil extracted is about one three-thousandth to one six-thousandth of the weight of the flowers; for example, about two thousand flowers are required to produce one gram of oil.
The main constituents of attar of roses are the fragrant alcohols geraniol and L-citronellol and rose camphor, an odorless solid composed of alkanes, which separates from rose oil. β-Damascenone is also a significant contributor to the scent.
FOOD AND DRINK
Rose hips are high in vitamin C, are edible raw, and occasionally made into jam, jelly, marmalade, and soup, or are brewed for tea. They are also pressed and filtered to make rose hip syrup. Rose hips are also used to produce rose hip seed oil, which is used in skin products and some makeup products.
Rose water has a very distinctive flavour and is used in Middle Eastern, Persian, and South Asian cuisine—especially in sweets such as Turkish delight, barfi, baklava, halva, gulab jamun, kanafeh, and nougat. Rose petals or flower buds are sometimes used to flavour ordinary tea, or combined with other herbs to make herbal teas. A sweet preserve of rose petals called Gulkand is common in the Indian subcontinent. The leaves and washed roots are also sometimes used to make tea.
In France, there is much use of rose syrup, most commonly made from an extract of rose petals. In the Indian subcontinent, Rooh Afza, a concentrated squash made with roses, is popular, as are rose-flavoured frozen desserts such as ice cream and kulfi.
The flower stems and young shoots are edible, as are the petals (sans the white or green bases). The latter are usually used as flavouring or to add their scent to food. Other minor uses include candied rose petals.
Rose creams (rose-flavoured fondant covered in chocolate, often topped with a crystallised rose petal) are a traditional English confectionery widely available from numerous producers in the UK.
Under the American Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, there are only certain Rosa species, varieties, and parts are listed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
Rose absolute: Rosa alba L., Rosa centifolia L., Rosa damascena Mill., Rosa gallica L., and vars. of these spp.
Rose (otto of roses, attar of roses): Ditto
Rosebuds
Rose flowers
Rose fruit (hips)
Rose leaves: Rosa spp.
MEDICINE
The rose hip, usually from R. canina, is used as a minor source of vitamin C. The fruits of many species have significant levels of vitamins and have been used as a food supplement. Many roses have been used in herbal and folk medicines. Rosa chinensis has long been used in Chinese traditional medicine. This and other species have been used for stomach problems, and are being investigated for controlling cancer growth. In pre-modern medicine, diarrhodon (Gr διάρροδον, "compound of roses", from ῥόδων, "of roses") is a name given to various compounds in which red roses are an ingredient.
ART AND SYMBOLISM
The long cultural history of the rose has led to it being used often as a symbol. In ancient Greece, the rose was closely associated with the goddess Aphrodite. In the Iliad, Aphrodite protects the body of Hector using the "immortal oil of the rose" and the archaic Greek lyric poet Ibycus praises a beautiful youth saying that Aphrodite nursed him "among rose blossoms". The second-century AD Greek travel writer Pausanias associates the rose with the story of Adonis and states that the rose is red because Aphrodite wounded herself on one of its thorns and stained the flower red with her blood. Book Eleven of the ancient Roman novel The Golden Ass by Apuleius contains a scene in which the goddess Isis, who is identified with Venus, instructs the main character, Lucius, who has been transformed into a donkey, to eat rose petals from a crown of roses worn by a priest as part of a religious procession in order to regain his humanity.
Following the Christianization of the Roman Empire, the rose became identified with the Virgin Mary. The colour of the rose and the number of roses received has symbolic representation. The rose symbol eventually led to the creation of the rosary and other devotional prayers in Christianity.
Ever since the 1400s, the Franciscans have had a Crown Rosary of the Seven Joys of the Blessed Virgin Mary. In the 1400s and 1500s, the Carthusians promoted the idea of sacred mysteries associated with the rose symbol and rose gardens. Albrecht Dürer's painting The Feast of the Rosary (1506) depicts the Virgin Mary distributing garlands of roses to her worshippers.
Roses symbolised the Houses of York and Lancaster in a conflict known as the Wars of the Roses.
Roses are a favored subject in art and appear in portraits, illustrations, on stamps, as ornaments or as architectural elements. The Luxembourg-born Belgian artist and botanist Pierre-Joseph Redouté is known for his detailed watercolours of flowers, particularly roses.
Henri Fantin-Latour was also a prolific painter of still life, particularly flowers including roses. The rose 'Fantin-Latour' was named after the artist.
Other impressionists including Claude Monet, Paul Cézanne and Pierre-Auguste Renoir have paintings of roses among their works. In the 19th century, for example, artists associated the city of Trieste with a certain rare white rose, and this rose developed as the city's symbol. It was not until 2021 that the rose, which was believed to be extinct, was rediscovered there.
In 1986 President Ronald Reagan signed legislation to make the rose the floral emblem of the United States.
Pests and diseases
Wild roses are host plants for a number of pests and diseases. Many of these affect other plants, including other genera of the Rosaceae.
Cultivated roses are often subject to severe damage from insect, arachnid and fungal pests and diseases. In many cases they cannot be usefully grown without regular treatment to control these problems.
WIKIPEDIA
Late Friday night, 40 high school girls arrived at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, for a STEM-themed sleepover, ready to learn about careers in Science, technology, engineering and math. The educational event offered young women a chance to meet working female scientists and to discover opportunities for women in STEM-related professions.
The teens kicked off the third annual STEM Girls Night In with an astronaut Q&A, talks from female scientists across disciplines and a collection of hands-on activities. The night culminated in a three-hour Mars rover competition and concluded with a late-night showing of “Hidden Figures.”
Credit: NASA/Goddard/Jessica Koynock
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission.
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Nearly a year after applying for the Governor's STEM Council re-design grant, Hoover High School opened its doors for a Gala on Wednesday, September 18! Guests enjoyed an evening of tours, socializing and hearing the staff and students of Hoover say "thank you" to those who have supported them in their journey.
NAS Oceana and the Virginia Beach City Public School (VBCPS) system have once again partnered to provide every fifth-grader enrolled in Virginia Beach City Public Schools (VBCPS) the opportunity to take a one-of-kind field trip to Naval Air Station (NAS) Oceana, Friday, Sept. 15. The special Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) Lab Day, was part of the annual Air Show. This event is being provided free of cost for all students and every child had a chance to take part in hands-on activities and learn about STEM careers in a real-world setting. This included displays and exhibits from NASA Langley, the Office of Naval Research and Naval Research Laboratory, Navy Expeditionary Combat Command, Wesleyen University, Engineering for Kids, Old Dominion University, Landstown High School, Navy history and heritage command, U.S. Naval research laboratory and Virginia Department of Transportation.
Photo by Craig McClure
17223
© 2017
ALL Rights reserved by City of Virginia Beach.
Contact photo[at]vbgov.com for permission to use. Commercial use not allowed.
NaCCA organises a five-day workshop on the development of a Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) curriculum. Held at AH Hotel on 13th June to 17th June 2022
NAS Oceana and the Virginia Beach City Public School (VBCPS) system have once again partnered to provide every fifth-grader enrolled in Virginia Beach City Public Schools (VBCPS) the opportunity to take a one-of-kind field trip to Naval Air Station (NAS) Oceana, Friday, Sept. 15. The special Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) Lab Day, was part of the annual Air Show. This event is being provided free of cost for all students and every child had a chance to take part in hands-on activities and learn about STEM careers in a real-world setting. This included displays and exhibits from NASA Langley, the Office of Naval Research and Naval Research Laboratory, Navy Expeditionary Combat Command, Wesleyen University, Engineering for Kids, Old Dominion University, Landstown High School, Navy history and heritage command, U.S. Naval research laboratory and Virginia Department of Transportation.
Photo by Craig McClure
17223
© 2017
ALL Rights reserved by City of Virginia Beach.
Contact photo[at]vbgov.com for permission to use. Commercial use not allowed.
Peeled banana stem in banana field. Photo by IITA. (file name: DSC_6637_n). ONLY low res file available.
Vlasta Lyles, a faculty member in biological science, instructs scholars in the Bridges to Stem Cell Research Program.
The Science, Technolgy Engineering Mathmatics (STEM) partnership had a Forum Event "Gathering Momentum" at the Henry Ford College, Loughborough University on Wed..In the picture is Geoffrey Taylor, of Caunton Engineering, one of the guest speakers.
On September 9, 2016, sixth graders at Centennial Middle STEM Magnet School in Pasco County showed off their brain-power at the Cyberchase STEM Fair produced in partnership with WEDU PBS. Students spent the morning visiting stations where they wrote computer code, examined the effects of conductors on circuits, raced drones, launched rockets and catapults and even explored virtual reality, all in an effort to expand their knowledge of science, technology, engineering and math. All activities were drawn from Florida PBS LearningMedia resources and Cyberchase, the PBS Kids multi-media, Emmy Award® winning mathematics series, now in its tenth season. The Centennial Cyberchase STEM Fair is supported by a generous grant from series producers, THIRTEEN in association with WNET New York. Special thanks to Principal Rick Saylor, STEM teacher, Bobbi Starling and the wonderful staff and students at Centennial for making the day such a success!
Late Friday night, 40 high school girls arrived at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, for a STEM-themed sleepover, ready to learn about careers in Science, technology, engineering and math. The educational event offered young women a chance to meet working female scientists and to discover opportunities for women in STEM-related professions.
The teens kicked off the third annual STEM Girls Night In with an astronaut Q&A, talks from female scientists across disciplines and a collection of hands-on activities. The night culminated in a three-hour Mars rover competition and concluded with a late-night showing of “Hidden Figures.”
Credit: NASA/Goddard/Jessica Koynock
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission.
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East 42nd Street, Midtown Manhattan
Grand Central Station [sic] , one of the great buildings of America, evokes a spirit that is unique in this City. It combines distinguished architecture with a brilliant engineering solution, wedded to one of the most fabulous railroad terminals of our time. Monumental in scale, this great building functions as well today as it did when built. In style it represents the best of the French Beaux Arts.
The contrast of solids and voids is a striking feature of this building. The large percentage of glass areas, to be seen in the great windows, is reminiscent of the quality of some of the best French exposition buildings, models of daring structural design in their day, which availed themselves of the latest technological knowledge of their time. The use of these windows for several levels of horizontal Circulation, was in itself a daring concept. Visitors can see from the main concourse the diminutive human beings walking between the two layers of glass as they cross and recross from office to office.
The very scale of the monumental columns and the handsome sculptured details, such as the enframement of the oval windows and Clock, represent a handsome and skillful combination of architectural elements to create a building overpowering in its timeless grandeur.
History of the Building
Superimposed upon the railroad empire built by the Vanderbilts, which in turn had been built upon the maritime empire of the old Commodore, was the vast network of rails soon to culminate in a new terminus destined to serve the greatest city in the country. On the shoulders of William J. Wilgus rested the staggering problem of assembling the fabulous network of electrified rails into this modern nerve center. This brilliant solution was approved to serve as the basic set of conditions for a nationwide competition among architects for the design of the terminal. The competition was won by Reed & stem of St. Paul, Minnesota. It was their brilliant design which introduced the concept of ramps. Later Whitney Warren, of Warren & Wetmore, with the concurrence of the Vanderbilts, took over the architectural design of the terminal as we see it today, displaying the virtuosity of his training at the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris.
Grand Central always has been a symbol of the City itself. Commuters, Sightseers, casual visitors and City dwellers on pleasant walks go through it daily.
Approximately 400,000 people a day stream through its doors, ramps and escalators.
So extensive is the series of connections to nearby office buildings that many commuters can go to work without leaving the station. In 1946 Grand Central Terminal served over '5 million passengers. It boasted of 96 long-distance trains departing and 90 arriving every day. By the end of 1964, there were only 51 departures and 48 arrivals daily. Despite these dwindling numbers, the Terminal served almost 43.4 million passengers in 1964 - a respectable figure for any railroad station. There are 3 3.7 miles of track in Grand Central and its adjoining train-yard, a total of 123 tracks - 66 on the Upper Level and 57 on the Lower. On these tracks, trains carry about 140,000 paying passengers to and from Grand Central Terminal every week day, and approximately 120,000 are daily commuters.
Grand Central Depot which preceded the present station was opened in 1871 for the New York and Harlem Railroad and for the New Haven Railroad which once went downtown through a tunnel as far as 26th Street. After a train wreck in the smokefilled Park Avenue tunnel in 1902, the State Legislature passed a law prohibiting steam locomotives from using the Park Avenu e tracks south of the Harlem River.
The law gave the two railroads until 1908 to comply with the new regulation. It was then that the railroad lines had to be electrified, and the work to enlarge the station began in 1903. In 1913 the present terminal was completed in conjunction with the fabulous system of "air rights" over the tracks on which so many hotels, apartment houses and office buildings were subsequently built.
- From the 1966 NYCLPC Landmark Designation Report
Students pose for a whole auditorium selfie at the Stem Cell Day of Discovery event held at the USC Health Sciences Campus in Los Angeles, CA. February 4th, 2017. The event encourages students to learn more about STEM opportunities, including stem cell study and biotech, and helps demystify the fields and encourage student engagement. Photo by David Sprague Photo by David Sprague
USC masters student Varsha Samararatne shows students how cells are held in long term cold storage tanks at -195 celsius at the Stem Cell Day of Discovery event held at the USC Health Sciences Campus in Los Angeles, CA. February 4th, 2017. The event encourages students to learn more about STEM opportunities, including stem cell study and biotech, and helps demystify the fields and encourage student engagement. Photo by David Sprague
A student listens to a speaker at the Stem Cell Day of Discovery event held at the USC Health Sciences Campus in Los Angeles, CA. February 4th, 2017. The event encourages students to learn more about STEM opportunities, including stem cell study and biotech, and helps demystify the fields and encourage student engagement. Photo by David Sprague Photo by David Sprague
Students from Orthopaedic Hospital Medical Magnet High School practice using pipettes to handle small amounts of liquid at the Stem Cell Day of Discovery event held at the USC Health Sciences Campus in Los Angeles, CA. February 4th, 2017. The event encourages students to learn more about STEM opportunities, including stem cell study and biotech, and helps demystify the fields and encourage student engagement. Photo by David Sprague
Elementary teachers learn how they can teach concepts related to sound and waves. The K-5 STEM project is a three year project that includes 67 elementary teachers and is led by scientists, mathematicians and educators from UW Oshkosh.
Orthopaedic Hospital Medical Magnet High School student Saleigh Henderson, right, practices using a pipette to handle small amounts of liquid at the Stem Cell Day of Discovery event held at the USC Health Sciences Campus in Los Angeles, CA. February 4th, 2017. The event encourages students to learn more about STEM opportunities, including stem cell study and biotech, and helps demystify the fields and encourage student engagement. Photo by David Sprague