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Researcher Ramprashad Prabhakaran is evaluating the mechanical properties of nuclear materials using an Instron tensile tester with an atmosphere-controlled high-temperature Centorr furnace.
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Thalidomide Nerve Damage
Thalidomide, the drug which caused an epidemic of deformed babies in the 1960s has a second important side-effect in causing damage to the peripheral nerves which can be permanent. Although the drug was withdrawn in 1961, it was re-introduced in 1965 for the management of a complication of leprosy. Thalidomide is not a cure for this disease, but suppresses an allergy which arises during the course of treatment. While the the effect on the fetus can be avoided by not using the drug in women in the reproductive age group, all patients who take the drug are at risk of developing nerve damage. The frequency of this side-effect was originally in dispute, but according to a recently published book, it is estimated that about 40,000 people suffered from peripheral nerve damage when the drug was used as a sedative in Germany. It would be expected that leprosy patients given the drug would also develop nerve damage. However, despite its use in this disease for over 30 years, not a single case of nerve damage attributable to the drug has been reported. Because of its effectiveness in treating patients with leprosy, Thalidomide was tried out in a number of other diseases. Here the frequency of nerve damage has been at least 21%. It therefore remains a mystery why there are no reports of nerve damage in leprosy patients given the drug. Of course leprosy also affects the peripheral nerves, but there are means of distinguishing nerve damage due to the disease from the neurotoxic effects of thalidomide. The background to this 'mystery' is discussed at www.thalidomide.org
Last September, a research letter was published in the Lancet, the prestigious medical journal. A group of leprosy patients from Bangladesh were described suffering from severe pain in the lower limbs despite finishing their treatment. Although no valid explanation was given for these symptoms and signs, it appeared to me that the patients could have received thalidomide. Accordingly, I wrote to the Lancet, suggesting this might be the case. The Lancet rejected my letter, so I added another paragraph and sent it to the British Medical Journal. the title 'Is thalidomide to blame? is the same as the letter to the British Medical Journal published in 1960. This was the first publication in a medical journal mentioning thalidomide nerve damage, so it seemed appropriate to repeat the title. The letter is reproduced as follows
Is thalidomide to blame?
On December 31, 1960, Dr Leslie Florence, a Scottish General Practitioner wrote a letter to the British Medical Journal(1) entitled 'Is thalodomide to blame?'. Four of his patients had complained of paraesthesia of the hands and feet, coldness of the extremities and nocturnal cramps in leg muscles. He questioned whether these symptoms could be due to thalidomide as all four had recieved the drug. This was the first report of thalidomide neuropathy in the medical literature. Although thalidomide was withdrawn because of its teratogenic effects, it was subsequently re-introduced for the management of erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL), a complication of lepromatous or multibacillary leprosy. Thalidomide has now been used in the management of a variety of non-leprosy disorders where the frequency of neuropathy is at least 21%(2). In leprosy, thalidomide neuropathy has not been reported despite the use of the drug in high doses and for prolonged periods.
On September 23, 2000, Hietaharju and colleagues(3) described the features of chronic pain in leprosy patients after completion of anti-bacterial treatment. No explanation is given for the persistence of these symptoms. As all patients had multibacillary leprosy, it is possible they had episodes of ENL during the course of therapy, in which case they may have been treated with thalidomide. The distribution of sensory loss and in particular, the severe burning pain which Hietaharju et al describe are very characteristic of thalidomide neuropathy(4). The intractable nature of the sensory disturbances are also a feature of this neuropathy(5). Have these patients recieved thalidomide?
References
Florence AL. Is thalidomide to blame? Br Med J 1960; 2: 1954.
Ochonisky S, Verroust J, Bastuji-Garin S Gheradi R, Revuz J. Thalidomide neuropathy incidence and clinicoelectrophysiologic findings in 42 patients. Arch Dermatol 1994; 130: 66-9.
Hietaharju A, Croft R, Alam R, Birch P, Mong A, Haanpaa M. Chronic neuropathic pain in treated leprosy. Lancet 2000; 356: 1080-1.
Thalidomide neuropathy Lancet 1969: 1: 713-4
Fullerton PM, O'Sullivan DJ. Thalidomide neuropathy: a clinicalelectrophysiological and histological follow-up study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1968: 31: 543-51
Once again the letter was rejected. The British Medical Journal also has a web-site but refused to post the letter, so a great opportunity has been lost to warn leprosy workers in developing countries about the dangers of nerve damage following the use of the drug. There is no indication from either journal that attempts have been made to find out whether the patients have been given thalidomide. If the severe disability has been caused by thalidomide, then the patients should be compensated. Moreover, if one in five patients given the drug for non-leprosy disorders develop peripheral nerve damage, thousands of leprosy patients, who over 30 years have received high doses of thalidomide, should also have sustained damage to the peripheral nerves. Even today, new patients who are still being given thalidomide are at great risk of suffering severe pain for the rest of their lives.
By Dr Colin Crawford July 2001
e-mail:clcraw13@hotmail.com
www.dw.de/programas/áfrica/s-13918
www.guardian.co.uk/business/2010/jan/16/thalidomide-apolo...
The Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN) at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The overarching scientific theme of the CFN is the development and understanding of nanoscale materials that address the Nations’ challenges in energy security, consistent with the Department of Energy mission.
Students meet with CEI researchers to choose which research tract they would like to pursue during the semester.
Portrait of Anna Howard Shaw, ca. 1890-1895.
Questions? Ask a Schlesinger Librarian
Da una ricerca di Pew Internet Project emerge che i genitori con figli minorenni hanno più probabilità di essere giocatori che non gli adulti senza figli.
Inoltre, se in generale gli adulti giocano preferibilmente con il computer, i genitori giocano anche con le console.
Infine "Younger parents are more likely than older parents to play games with their children. Four out of ten parents under age 40 (40%) play games with their children, compared with 25% of older parents."
Fonte: www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2008/Adults-and-Video-Games.aspx
For over a decade, CIAT has tested agronomic and soil management practices in Western Kenya. From minimum tillage to integrated soil fertility management, these trials are the most comprehensive picture of tropical soil health that we have in Kenya. They show-case changes in soil fertility and health, which take time to develop, hence the importance of these long-term trails. CIAT’s “Climate-smart soil protection and rehabilitation in Benin, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, India and Kenya” project is implemented in collaboration with the Kenya Agriculture and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO); GOPA and implementing partners including PAFID, Welthungerhilfe and WOCAT - University of Bern. It is supported by the German Society for International Cooperation (GIZ) and the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). For more information, visit: blog.ciat.cgiar.org/sink-it-or-lose-it-the-carbon-trade-off/ or contact g.smith (at) cgiar (dot) org.
Credit: ©2016CIAT/GeorginaSmith
Please credit accordingly and leave a comment when you use a CIAT photo.
For more info: ciat-comunicaciones@cgiar.org
Original Caption: Inside twin-engine aircraft operated by EPA's Las Vegas National Research Center. On board are radiation counters and air samplers, May 1972
U.S. National Archives’ Local Identifier: 412-DA-6393
Photographer: O'Rear, Charles, 1941-
Subjects:
Las Vegas (Nevada)
Environmental Protection Agency
Project DOCUMERICA
Persistent URL: research.archives.gov/description/548880
Repository: Still Picture Records Section, Special Media Archives Services Division (NWCS-S), National Archives at College Park, 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD, 20740-6001.
For information about ordering reproductions of photographs held by the Still Picture Unit, visit: www.archives.gov/research/order/still-pictures.html
Reproductions may be ordered via an independent vendor. NARA maintains a list of vendors at www.archives.gov/research/order/vendors-photos-maps-dc.html
Access Restrictions: Unrestricted
Use Restrictions: Unrestricted
Each year the public is invited to view lambs being born at the OSU Sheep Center. (Photo by Celene Carillo) Full story at: oregonstate.edu/ua/ncs/archives/2011/feb/osu-invites-publ...
This is a picture of the Hopkins Cemetery on the North Tract of the Patuxent Research Refuge near Fort Meade, Maryland. This cemetery is not open to the public.
İstanbul Households Archive has been sourced from the interdisciplinary research project undertaken at Boğaziçi University by Alan Duben and Cem Behar between 1982-1988, culminating in a book titled “İstanbul Households: Marriage, Family and Fertility 1880-1940.” The archive contains the İstanbul population rosters transcription forms for 1885 and 1907, and various family photographs and study papers, giving a profile of the last period of Ottoman Muslim families living in İstanbul. This archive is now available for research at saltresearch.org
#SALTResearch, İstanbul Households Archive
İstanbul Haneleri Arşivi, Alan Duben ile Cem Behar’ın 1982-1988 yıllarında Boğaziçi Üniversitesi’nde yürütmüş olduğu ve “İstanbul Haneleri: Evlilik, Aile ve Doğurganlık 1880-1940” adlı yayınla sonuçlanan araştırmaya dayanır. 1885 ve 1907 tarihli nüfus sayımlarına ait transkripsiyon formları, aile fotoğrafları ve çalışma belgelerini içeren ve İstanbul’da yaşayan son dönem Osmanlı Müslüman ailesinin profilini çıkaran arşiv saltresearch.org’da erişime açık.
#SALTAraştırma, İstanbul Haneleri Arşivi
Repository: SALT Research
Rights Info: This material can be used under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license.
SWEAT - THE MOVIE
The intention is to produce a film telling the story of a workshop for dancers and choreographers, filmmakers, set designers etc, taking place at ImPulsTanz 2008. Participants will function as the film team and as actors in the film and work with all the parameters of film making, thus also with marketing, product placement etc. The workshop will address dance and choreographic practices through a foreign interface as means to de-territorialise what dance can be today. Can film production teach us something about our understanding of dance? Next to the production process, in which the participants will occupy different positions to learn as much as possible, a series of smaller events will be organized. A number of guests will visit the workshop and add their expertise to the process.
Sandia researchers Jerry Simmons (left to right), Jeff Tsao, and Mike Coltrin show LED devices at their lab in Sandia's Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies facility. Simmons is leading a team that has been awarded $18 million by DOE for advanced LED research and development over the next five years. (More information) Photo courtesy Sandia National Laboratories.
Students meet with CEI researchers to choose which research tract they would like to pursue during the semester.
Eaton RoadRanger Shifting Simulator; Andrew Wallis and Matt Porter, Advisors: John Beard, Peter Bigham, Bill Langdon and Martin Toth; Michigan Tech Summer 2013 Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU)
Rice grows in research plots at the Fisher Delta Research Center.
The soils and topography of southeast Missouri offer researchers a unique opportunity to study cotton and rice production and irrigation. Researchers also are evaluating better soybean cropping systems, and weed, insect and disease-control systems. Three locations make up Fisher Delta Research Center’s 1,078 acres in a 12-county area that forms the Missouri Bootheel. Scientists at the center have gained recognition for developing improved soybean varieties, especially those with soybean cyst nematode resistance and maintain a regional soil and plant-testing laboratory.
Photo by Kyle Spradley | © MU College of Agriculture, Food & Natural Resources
Byungmin Ahn, a graduate student in the Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, received a Gold Medal award in March 2008 for his presentation at the Fifth International Symposium on Ultrafine-Grained Materials held in New Orleans. Ahn is shown conducting research at the USC Composites Center. Photo by: Philip Channing
The turtle, flats, and conch research teams headed up to Half Sound where they used a seine net to capture and tag seat turtles and bonefish
Rice grows in research plots at the Fisher Delta Research Center.
The soils and topography of southeast Missouri offer researchers a unique opportunity to study cotton and rice production and irrigation. Researchers also are evaluating better soybean cropping systems, and weed, insect and disease-control systems. Three locations make up Fisher Delta Research Center’s 1,078 acres in a 12-county area that forms the Missouri Bootheel. Scientists at the center have gained recognition for developing improved soybean varieties, especially those with soybean cyst nematode resistance and maintain a regional soil and plant-testing laboratory.
Photo by Kyle Spradley | © MU College of Agriculture, Food & Natural Resources
The flats and shark team join forces to capture and tag lemonsharks and bonefish. Students also took data on the abundance of other species that were caught in the seine net.
Starting a new research project and need to get up to speed on language and speech processing - thanks Amazon, these were at my house when I got back from Santa Barbara.
Speech and Language Processing (2nd Edition)
Daniel Jurafsky, James H. Martin
Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing
Christopher D. Manning, Hinrich Schuetze
= $176.97 (but worth it)
sb0811 141
MANNED ORBITING RESEARCH LABORATORY (MORL) concept, which has been under research study by National Aeronautical and Space Administration, is pictured in a 200 nautical-mile earth orbit in this artist's rendering. The concept evolved from studies made by Douglas Aircraft Company's Missile & Space Division under contract to the NASA Langley Research Center. A Gemini-type ferry craft which might transport crew and supplies from Earth is docked in a hangar in the laboratory's nose cone. Once rendezvous and docking are complete, the hangar can be sealed and pressurized and the astronauts can enter the MORL. Paddle-like devices attached to the orbiting laboratory are solar cell arrays to convert energy from the sun. They would be unfolded after MORL was in orbit.
Space World
November 1964, VOL. A-13
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The Cloisters is a museum located in Fort Tryon Park, New York City. The building, which is a branch of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, was built in the 1930s resembling architectural elements of several European medieval abbeys. It is used to exhibit art and architecture from Medieval Europe....
-- Wikipedia
Akashiwo sanguinea is a single-celled organism belonging to a group of algae called dinoflagellates. Akashiwo sanguinea is cosmopolitan (found worldwide) in estuarine and temperate coastal marine waters. Large concentrations of A. sanguinea, called blooms, can discolor water red. Akashiwo sanguinea is harmful to molluscs, and high concentrations called blooms can discolor water red and cause massive fish kills by depleting oxygen in the surrounding water. There have been no reports of illness or other harmful effects from an A. sanguinea bloom in Florida waters.
Pristine environments, limited resources, and near-complete isolation are just some of the attractions of Antarctica, often termed the White Desert. Numerous research stations dot the outer regions of the continent where scientists gather data on glaciology, seismology, climate change and the stars.
The French-Italian Concordia research station is one of three year-round stations and is located on Dome C, a plateau some 3200 m above sea level. Secluded from the world in inhospitable conditions, the crew stationed there tackle temperatures that can drop to –80°C in the winter, with a yearly average temperature of –50°C.
The air is extremely dry, so the crew suffer from continuously chapped lips and irritated eyes. The great open landscape alternates between months of night and months of daylight, and colours, smells and sounds are almost non-existent, adding to the sense of loneliness.
In other words, Concordia is perfect.
Here, researchers study the atmosphere, free from pollution, to gain insights into how the world’s population is changing Earth’s climate. Scientists conduct glaciology research by analysing the Antarctic plateau to reveal clues to our past as chemicals are trapped and frozen in the ice.
The thin atmosphere, clear skies and zero light-pollution around Concordia make it an enviable place for observing the Universe. The very southern location of Antarctica also makes it ideal for studying Earth’s magnetic field.
Delving deeper, Concordia is looking at the inside movements of Earth. A seismograph at Concordia measures movement and the research base is part of the international network of seismograph stations.
And then there is the human factor. Despite all the hardships of life in Antarctica, up to 16 people spend around a year at a time living in Concordia in the name of science. In addition to helping conduct other experiments and station maintenance, they are an experiment themselves. And ESA sends a medical doctor to Concordia to study the crew, like this year’s resident Dr Carmen Possnig, imaged above.
The elevation, isolation and sensory deprivation can wreak havoc on crewmembers’ biological clock, making it hard to get a good night’s sleep. Researchers track the effects of this on the human body and mind which adds to data being collected on astronauts on the International Space Station.
Insights are used to help people on Earth like shift workers, bedridden patients and those suffering from sleep disorders, and of course, astronauts serving in low Earth orbit.
Antarctic research at Concordia is helping humans adapt, mentally and physically, to a changing climate, a longer voyage in space, and eventually, life on another planet.
Read more about life at Concordia on the Chronicles from Concordia blog.
Credits: ESA/IPEV/PNRA–Filippo Cali Quaglia
Pre-cooked beans are to be launched in Kenya, making beans more easily available to consumers in only 15 minutes. The product is part of a US$2.5 million, three-year project through Cultivate Africa’s Future Fund, set up by Canada’s International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR). The project is led by the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO) and NARO in partnership with the International Center for Tropical Agriculture in Kenya.
Credit: ©2017CIAT/GeorginaSmith
Please credit accordingly and leave a comment when you use a CIAT photo.
For more info: ciat-comunicaciones@cgiar.org