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University of Tennessee, 2012.
As of 2011 (Impact Factor 36.280), 'Nature' is the most prestigious scientific journal of the world. One article in 'Nature' opens the door to lifelong glory for a scientist.
Authors: Yasemin Numanoğlu Çevik1, Mehmet Ali Kanat
Abstract: The venoms of the scorpions Androctonus crassicauda and Leiurus abdullahbayrami, scorpion species each of the two members of the Buthidae family, were analyzed by MALDI–TOF MS in a mass range between 1 and 50 kDa. For this, all of the scorpion venoms (n=11) were prepared to equal 2mg/mL concentration. After centrifuging the venoms at 15.000 rpm for 15 minutes at +4 ºC, the supernatants (n=11) were mixed with a matrix solution (α-CHCA) in Eppendorf tubes separately. The prepared scorpion venom-matrix (SVMx) samples vortexed. For the biomass analysis, a 1µL SVMx sample was spotted onto MALDI 96 MSP was placed in the Microflex MALDI-TOF MS. The system was operated in linear positive ion mode at a 1.000-50.000 Dalton (Da) mass range. A 60 Hz nitrogen laser was employed at 337 nm as the ion source. Interspecies differentiation was evaluated over peptide and protein molecules in this mass range. The similarities and differences between two different scorpion species were revealed with the principal component analysis study, which was conducted with spectral patterns including peptide and protein profiles. The similarity rate of the LAB-123 and the LAB460 scorpion venoms of the same species was found as 66% while the similarity rates of venoms of the ACR species to the LAB species ranged from zero to 37%. It was demonstrated that scorpion venoms belonging to two different species from the Buthidae family can be differentiated with the help of dendrogram and gel profile, CCI color matrix, 3D or 2Dscattering profile, spectral mass loading data formed by peptide and protein spectral patterns of eleven scorpion venoms. It is anticipated that this approach, which was used for the first time with the application of MALDI-TOF MS-based PCA analysis for the differentiation of scorpion venoms, will be useful in differentiating venoms with different spectral patterns.
Keywords: Androctonus crassicauda, Leiurus abdullahbayrami, Scorpion, Buthidae, MALDI-TOF MSPCA analyse
Authors: Serbulent Turk, Mahmut Ozacar
Abstract: Tension sensors can be widely applied to detect body movements and monitor physiological signals. Hydrogels with conductive properties draw attention among the studies in this field. However, their application is limited because hydrogels can be easily damaged during use. In this study, a self-healing conductive hydrogel was produced by adding nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (NCQDs) to gellan gum (GG) polymer. The self-healing property of the hydrogen bonds in the prepared polymeric matrix network to a certain extent and the conductivity were supported by the addition of NCQDs. The electrical recovery process of the hydrogel in the 1, 2, and 3 cut/healing cycles was illustrated by a visually designed LED bulb serial circuit. As a result of connecting the obtained 3D hydrogel to a real-time resistance change measurement system, the resistance changes in the cut/healing cycles were monitored. The duration of the total cut-healing process, including cut and contact time, was 2.12 s. In addition, a free-standing gel bridge was formed after joining the two cut pieces of cylindrical hydrogels. Due to the resulting hydrogel composite properties, it has promising potential in various applications such as personal health diagnosis, human activity monitoring, and human-motion sensors.
Keywords: Self-healable, hydrogel composite, conductivity
Authors: Ömer Sarı, Fisun Gürsel Çelikel
Abstract: Turkey has important advantages in terms of ornamental plants sector with its different ecological and geographical conditions, especially its proximity to foreign markets and its young population. Despite the investments made, the ornamental plants sector in our country has not developed at the same level in every city. This situation may be due to the incomplete and unplanned investments, as well as the difference in urban sociology. The aim of the study is to reveal the general situation of the ornamental plants sector, to examine the Black Sea Region in terms of ornamental plants at the provincial level and to contribute to its development. The study covers the provinces of Artvin, Rize, Trabzon, Giresun, Gümüşhane, Bayburt, Ordu, Samsun, Tokat, Amasya, Çorum, Sinop, Kastamonu, Zonguldak, Bartın, Bolu, Karabük and Düzce. In each of these provinces, information was given about the ornamental plants production areas and ornamental plant groups, and the situation of the enterprises producing ornamental plants was revealed. For this purpose, evaluations were made at the provincial level according to the data of the Provincial Directorates of Agriculture and Forestry and TUIK. Among the cities examined, the fact that, Samsun, Tokat and Düzce have transportation infrastructure and suitable climatic conditions and their locations have been effective in the development of the sector in these provinces. In addition to these advantages, it was determined that the development of tourism positively affects the development of the ornamental plants sector. However, it is understood that the provinces of Trabzon and Rize, which are in a significant progress compared to other provinces in terms of tourism, do not show sufficient development in terms of ornamental plants sector. Ordu province, on the other hand, could not reach the targeted export capability despite the investments. There is no data on ornamental plants production in the provinces of Bayburt, Gümüşhane, Bolu, Karabük, Sinop and Amasya. For the development of the ornamental plants sector in the region, a planned investment model should be developed rather than scattered and random investments. In addition, it is recommended that developing provinces should be evaluated in terms of investment, especially in terms of tourism, by paying attention to criteria such as population and transportation infrastructure, as well as climatic conditions for investment purposes.
Keywords: Black Sea Region, provinces, ornamental plants sector, production, development
Authors: Hasan Akan, Rawezh Hakeem Mustafa
Abstract: The aim of this study to research the event of antibiotic resistant bacteria causing UTIs among children under six years old in Soran, North of Iraq. Totally, 200 urine samples were taken from children suffering from UTIs, in Ashti hospital and Childbirth hospitals between 2017 and 2018 years. It is determined that 70 bacterial uropathogens have been isolated while 130 samples showed negative culture, and the incidence of UTIs was significantly higher in little girls (57.1%) than in little boys. The majority of uropathogenic isolates have resisted ampicillin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone and cefotaxime. Other antibiotics differently showed moderate susceptibilities. The DNA profile showed that only the isolate K 61 (Klebsiella pneumoniae) was bearing qnrB.
Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, multidrug resistant bacteria, UTIs, children, under school age
Authors: Gülşen Uz, Tuğba Pesen, Ahsen Berber, Cenk Kığ, Bedia Palabıyık, Ayşegül Topal Sarıkaya
Abstract: Magnesium is vital for many biological processes such as energy metabolism, nucleic acid, and protein synthesis, signal transduction, and cell division. Impairment of magnesium homeostasis is associated with many diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. More than 300 million people worldwide struggle with type 2 diabetes, and this number is growing exponentially. Clinical studies have shown that serum magnesium levels were decreased in patients with type 2 diabetes and that magnesium supplementation has positive effects on glucose metabolism. In this study, glucose consumption and the expression levels of glucose transporters (ght1, ght2, ght5) were investigated in magnesium transportrestricted mutant strain of Schizosaccharomyces pombe yeast, which is similar to mammalian cells in terms of biological processes and genetic mechanisms. In mutant strain with limited magnesium transport, glucose consumption increased due to the increase in magnesium added to the medium. The expression level of ght1, ght2, one of the glucose transporters, increased in 30 mM Mg2+ supplemented medium, decreased at higher magnesium concentration (75 mM), where optimum growth was observed for the strain, and there was no significant change in the expression level of ght5. Our findings indicate that the glucose transporters ght1 and ght2 are regulated by a different mechanism than ght5.
Keywords: magnesium deficiency, glucose transport, S. pombe
Authors: Gizem Koprululu Kucuk, Nazlı Irmak Giritlioglu
Abstract: Proteins have unique properties to participate in many structural and physiological processes. Knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of proteins is important to understand their roles in the physiological processes and the functions of these processes. Any structural defect in proteins due to mutations can cause diseases, treatment unresponsiveness, and drug resistance development. The recent emergence of the new SARS-CoV-2 variants containing mutations that accelerate the spread of the virus by affecting infectiousness has been of concern. In the study, visualization of the homology model and investigation of the chemical properties of L18F mutation responsible for the formation of mutant type SARS-CoV-2 spike protein via in silico approach was intended. In this study, amino acid number, molecular weight, theoretical pI value, the percentage composition of amino acids, total negatively charged residue number, total positively charged residue number, atomic composition, formula, total atomic number, molar extinction coefficient, aliphatic index, and the average hydropathy were calculated via ProtParam. The FASTA amino acid sequence was used for visualization of the homology models via UCSF Chimera in wild-type and mutant-type spike proteins. Basic chemical calculations also were displayed on BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer. ΔΔG value and the changes in the stability in L18F mutation were predicted via IMutant Suite software. We detected that location of the mutant residue is near a highly conserved position and the L18F mutation may not cause the damage.
Keywords: in silico, spike protein, homology modeling, SARS-CoV-2, mutation
Plant Disease Resistance Proteins: R-gene Products as Immune Defense Molecules
Author: Berna Baş
Abstract: Disease resistance-related R genes encoding NBS-LRR proteins are functional in systemic acquired immunity, briefly referred as ETI, in plant pathology. Upon infection of pathogens at first stage of plant immune responses, if plant pathogens subvert PTI immunity that activated by cell membrane surface receptor, then ETI immunity is initiated the relay to second step of defense. Also when pathogen effectors are directly translocatedinto cell cytoplasm across host membranes where can be faced with plant R proteins, ETI immunity develops faster and stronger than PTI efficacy. A great number of pathogen effectors are directly or indirectly reacted with R-gene proteins in similar to epitope-paratope structural interaction. With what kind of mechanisms do the plants that show similar immune responses to all known biotic agents recognize the effectors of a wide variety of pathogenic organisms? However, many approaches are available involved in molecular mechanisms of intracellular pattern-recognition receptors in plants, findings for each mechanism have been obtained from specific workings of personally researchers. It is not known how many different strategy models prevailing in molecular interaction of a wide variety of effector-receptor recognition are functional. So in the presented review article is focused just to molecular mechanism kinds of physical connection between many different effectors and intracellular receptors.
Keywords: Proteins related with plant disease resistance, R-gene
proteins, Effectorreceptor interactions, NBLRR proteins
Authors: Elifcan Caliskan, Berat Z. Haznedaroglu
Abstract: Chlorococcum novae-angliae is a terrestrial green microalgae species with remarkable potential to synthesize omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6) fatty acids. In this study, Chlorococcum novaeangliae has been subjected to varying growth conditions (light, nitrogen, salinity, and temperature) to investigate the accumulation of ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids. Among tested growth conditions, eicosapentaenoic acid, α-linoleic acid, γ-linoleic acid, and arachidonic acid were enhanced by nitrogen limitation. Significant increases were observed in concentration of linoleic acid, an essential precursor molecule for the production ω-6 fatty acids under decreased nitrogen concentrations. Despite the lowest biomass growth, monounsaturated fatty acids and docosahexaenoic acid were increased by 14.4% and 8.7% under low light intensities, respectively. Meanwhile, the highest concentrations of palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), and oleic acid (18:1cis-9) were also detected under nitrogen limitation. Total accumulation of ω-3 fatty acids was highest in the control group, followed by nitrogen limitation, whereas total ω-6 fatty acid accumulation was highest under nitrogen limitation followed by the control group. Total lowest fatty acid concentrations were obtained under increased salinity while low temperature conditions heavily inhibited cellular growth.
Keywords: Chlorococcum novae-angliae, essential fatty acids, microalgal lipids, omega fatty acids
Authors: Ugur Yigit, Yaren Gurel, Hasan Ilhan, Muharrem Turkkan
Abstract: In this study, green synthesis conditions of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized with Prunus laurocerasus (cherry laurel) leaf extract as reducing and coating agent were optimized using Box-Behnken design (BBD). Three important synthesis factors such as the concentration (M) of silver nitrate (AgNO3), pH of cherry laurel leaf extract, and reaction temperature (°C) were used as independent variables of the model, and the absorbance intensity originating from AgNPs was employed as a dependent variable. Statistical analyzes showed that the optimized conditions for the predicted absorbance at 405 nm (2.35 A.U) were determined at a concentration of 0.01 M AgNO3, a pH of 9.0, and a temperature of 50°C. The validity of the developed model was verified, and the average absorbance from six experimental runs was recorded as 2.26 (A.U) with an error of 14.86%. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT–IR) Spectroscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy–Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM–EDS). In addition, in vitro trials revealed that the synthesized AgNPs exhibited antifungal activity against all five fungal kiwifruit pathogens tested. The EC50 values of synthesized AgNPs were 10.88, 9.30, 7.15, 25.16, and 53.77 µg/ml for Phytopythium vexans, Globisoprangium sylvaticum, G. intermedium, Phytophthora citrophthora, and Rhizoctonia solani, respectively. With the exception of the MIC values of two Globisporangium species (120 µg/ml), both MIC and MFC values of the remaining three species were found to be above 150 µg/ml. The results of this study indicate that AgNPs synthesized with cherry laurel leaf extract should be further investigated for use in the control of fungal root and stem rot diseases in kiwifruit.
Keywords: Prunus laurocerasus, silver nanoparticle, Box-Behnken design, antifungal activity
Authors: Arif Parmaksız, Aynur Demir, Dilara Ulusal
Abstract: Today, biological invasion is one of the leading threats to biodiversity and is an issue that is gaining more and more importance. In recent years, molecular techniques have been widely used in the identification and monitoring of invasive species in many parts of the world. This study aimed to detect the infested species, Carassius auratus, in Atatürk Dam Lake and to reveal the population status. For these purposes, 10 Carassius auratus specimens were randomly selected from Atatürk Dam Lake. After DNA isolation of the selected samples, mtDNA COI and cyt b gene regions were sequenced and analyzed. In this study, sequence analyzes of individuals belonging to the C. auratus species living in Atatürk Dam Lake were performed for the first time using mtDNA COI and cyt b markers. Analyzed sequence results were compared with databases and it was concluded that the results obtained for both mtDNA markers were compatible. No other variation was observed. When the results are evaluated as a whole, it is possible to say that this species has spread recently. In future studies, it is recommended to determine the invasive species populations that are intensely found in Atatürk Dam Lake and other lakes and to determine the necessary strategies to combat these invasive species.
Keywords: Invasive species, Carassius auratus, mtDNA, Atatürk Dam Lake
Author: Nihat Demirel
Abstract: The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is an important pest on persimmon fruits in Turkey. The study was conducted in 2016-2018 to determine comparison of food-based synthetic attractants for capture of Ceratitis capitata on persimmon fruits in Dörtyol and Antakya districts of Hatay province. The Decis and Maxitrap traps baited with various attractants impregnated in paper handkerchief dispensers were used. As a result of two years of investigations, efficacy of various attractants varied in each of the sampling year. In 2016, the highest mean of C. capitata were observed by the combination of ammonium acetate + ammonium carbonate attractant traps, while the lowest mean of C. capitata was observed by a single of ammonium carbonate attractant traps. In 2018, the highest mean of C. capitata were observed by a single of ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate attractant traps, while the lowest mean of C. capitata was observed by the combination of ammonium acetate + trimethylamine + putrescine and ammonium acetate + trimethylamine + cadaverine attractant traps.
Keywords: Persimmon, Ceratitis capitata, attractant, Hatay
Authors: Nurmuhammet Taş, Muhammet Emin Naldan, Fatih Öner, Yener Aydın, Hülya Naldan
Abstract: This study evaluated cases of spontaneous pneumothorax developing secondary to SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Sixteen cases presenting to our hospital due to spontaneous pneumothorax developing secondary to SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia between March 2020 and February 2020 were evaluated retrospectively. Ten patients (62.5%) were men, and six (37.5%) were women, with a mean age of 68 ±20.3 years (range 18 - 90 years). Pneumothorax was in the right hemithorax in 11 cases (68.75%), in the left hemithorax in two (12.5%), and bilateral in three (17.75%). Pneumothorax developed during active SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in all 16 cases (100%). No pneumothorax was detected following the healing of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Pneumothorax was observed while patients were not intubated in 15 cases (93.75%), but pneumothorax developed during mechanical ventilation in one case (6.25%). Tube thoracostomy was performed on all patients in treatment. Air leakage from the tube was observed in 14 cases (87.5%). The mean duration of tube thoracostomy was 18.3 ±20.1 days (range 1 - 81 days). Pneumothorax resolved after treatment in seven cases (43.75%), while mortality occurred in nine (56.25%). Pneumothorax recurred after treatment in one case (6.25%). Pneumothorax is widely seen in the active period or after healing in cases infected with COVID-19. Aggressive treatment is generally required for this clinical manifestation with high mortality.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, pneumothorax, management
Authors: Nur Hannah Rashidah Haja Mohideen, Nurul Sakinah Alias, Nur Nazifah Mansor and Tengku Haziyamin Tengku Abdul Hamid
Abstract: Catfish species Pangasius nasutus, or locally known as Patin Buah is one of a popular aquaculture product in Malaysia. Probiotic strain is an attractive alternative to conventional antibiotics in managing aquaculture diseases. Pangasius can be a source of bacterial strain in developing suitable probiotic useful in Pangasius rearing. This study highlights on the isolation of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) strains from the selected tissues from P. nasutus which are the heart, stomach, and intestines. These strains were subjected to morphological, biochemical, and genotypic characterisations. Three different strains were isolated from fish tissues, H-Hn from heart; S-Hn from stomach; and I-Sk from intestine. Biochemical characterisation were consistent with ribosomal rRNA sequencing, in which strain H-Hn (acc. No. MW504962) is highly similar (100%) to Lactococcus lactis, and both I-Sk (MW504964) and S-Hn (MW504963) are similar (99%) to Lactococcus garvieae. All strains appeared to be non-spore forming, non-motile, Gram-positive coccus, catalase and citrate negative, and fermenting sugar. Unlike H-Hn, both H-Sk and I-Sk strains were able to grow at 6.5% NaCl and at higher temperature (45°C). The antimicrobial properties were assessed using agar disk diffusion assay against several indicator organisms (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus). These strains exhibited varying degree of inhibitory properties against the indicator organisms. Strain H-Hn inhibited E. coli and V. parahaemolyticus. Meanwhile, strains I-Sk and S-Hn showed a rather broad-spectrum inhibition. From P. nasutus, other L. lactis strain, a pathogenic species from L garvieae could also be found especially in their gut tissues. The presence of L. garvieae in commercial P. nasutus should raise some concern to those who like to consume this fish. Meanwhile, the LAB strains isolated has probiotics potential that can be commercially used in the managing fish diseases in aquaculture.
Keywords: Pangasius nasutus, Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus garvieae, aquaculture probiotic
Authors: Burhan Budak, Erhan Dinckaya
Abstract: In this study, in respect to provide a novel and inventive viewpoint, a new assay for analysis of L-ascorbic acid enhanced using PGE. Ascorbat oxidase was crosswise bounded using gluteraldehyde and gelatine, stable to the surface of pencil graphite electrode and devised biosensor used for the detection of ascorbic acid. L-ascorbic acid measuring done amperometrically at -0.7 V using the improved biosensor. For the PGE/gelatine- glutaraldehyde /ascorbate oxidase biosensor ascorbate oxidase concentration, holding time in glutaradehyde, gelatine amount and glutaraldehyde stratifying repat cycle determined to be 1.5 U/mL, 3minutes, 20 mg and 3 times stratification in turn after optimization works. Potassium phosphate buffer (pH:7, 50 mM) and 30ºC warmth determined to procure optimum labouring conditions. After the characterization labours, 25 µM - 500 µM detection space provided to be linear for PGE/gelatine- glutaraldehyde/ascorbate oxidase biosensor. Regarding the results, the % coefficient of variation (V.K) = 0.44 and the standard deviation (S.S) = ±1.46 µM. As a result of the experiments on storage stability, it determined that 75% activity was preserved at the end of the 4-week period.
Keywords: Pencil graphite electrode, ascorbate oxidase, amperometric, biosensör, ascorbic acid
: The study of the diversity of marine life, from microscopic organisms to large whales.
: The study of the interactions between marine organisms and their environment.
: The study of the physiological processes of marine organisms.
For more information visit: symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/marine-biology-research/
#SymbiosisOnlinePublishing #journal #scientificresearch #journals #scientificjournal #biology #marinebiology #researcharticle #Internationaljournal #aquatech #aquatic #researchreport #research #researchers #researchimpact #impact #aquaculture #fisheries #echinodermata #fishfarming #fishfarm #limnology #oceanography
Authors: Leyla Güven, Ufuk Özgen, Handan Gökben Sevindik, İclal Ağan, Mehmet Koca, İbrahim Turan, Selim Demir, Yüksel Aliyazıcıoğlu
Abstract: In this study, various extracts of Rosa pimpinellifolia antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and antityrosinase properties were determined with the total phenolic and flavonoid contents spectrophotometrically. The phytochemical composition of the methanol extract was analyzed using LC-MS/MS. In addition, the extracts of R. pimpinellifolia antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion and microdilution method, and antigenotoxic activities by comet assay were explored. The ethyl acetate extract of the root (EAR) had higher antioxidant activities at 10 μg/mL with inhibition of 39.7, 91.2, and 39.5% respectively in the DPPH·, ABTS•+, and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity assay than standard antioxidant molecules. The polyphenolic contents of the EAR and the ethyl acetate extract of the seed (EAS) were found to be 378.2 ± 0.477 and 305.39 ± 0.568 μg gallic acid equivalent GAE/mg respectively. The EAR showed butyrylcholinesterase activity with 19% inhibition at 100 μg/mL concentration and higher activity at 500 μg/mL with inhibition of 50% in the tyrosinase inhibitory assay than the other R. pimpinellifolia extracts. The extracts of R. pimpinellifolia exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. The extracts of R. pimpinellifolia did not show any antigenotoxic effect up to the concentration of 1000 μg/mL. In LC-MS/MS analysis, cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside and isoquercetin in the pseudo-fruit; procyanidin B2 and catechin in the root were the major phenolic compounds.
Keywords: Rosa pimpinellifolia, Rosaceae, biological activities, LC-MS/MS
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Authors: Ibrahim Altun, Ismail Tiyek, Eda Altun, Idiris Altun
Abstract: The study aims to develop a noble biomaterial that can accelerate the healing process without the risk of infection by loading tetracycline hydrochloride and collagen hemostatic agent into the chitosan tissue scaffold. After the trials, a good tissue scaffold was obtained from chitosan and PVA by electro-spinning. To increase the hemostatic features of this biomaterial, a 10% (by weight) collagen hemostatic agent was added to the PVA chitosan blend. After the amount of collagen hemostatic agent in the chitosan tissue scaffold was set, various amounts of tetracycline were added and 5 different biomaterials were developed to augment the antibacterial and wound healing properties. Antibiotic concentration in the biomaterial was IV 10% in the first, 15% in the second, 20% in the third, 25% in the fourth, and 30% in the fifth sample. Finally, the effects of the obtained biomaterials on the nosocomial bacteria (gram-positive: Staphylococcus Aureus, gram-negative: Pseudomonas Aeruginosa) were analyzed with in-vitro tests at Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, School of Medicine Department of Microbiology laboratories. As a result of the examination, it was examined how much the biomaterial should be and how effective it was against bacterial growth on the first, third, and fifth days. It is thought that the biomaterial material will be very effective in emergencies and surgical procedures.
Keywords: Chitosan, collagen, hemostatic agent, biomaterials, scaffold
Authors: Maimuna Hassan, Fatima M. Musa, Firdausi Aliyu, Aliyu Adamu
Abstract: Persistent evolution of multidrug resistance bacteria due to inappropriate use of conventional antibiotics is undermining treatment intervention for infectious diseases, thus constituting substantial proportion of the global public health problem. This necessitated the search and development of new drugs particularly from plant origin that are effective against such superbugs. Therefore, the present study is designed to determine the phytochemical constituents in Sida acuta and their antibacterial effects on pathogenic bacterial species of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. The phytochemical components of the extract were identified using standard methods. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of the leaf extract against the bacterial pathogens were assessed using agar well diffusion and broth dilution methods, at varying concentrations of the extract (37.50, 75, 150 and 300 mg/ml), and using Commercially obtained ciprofloxacin as control. Preliminary screening revealed that ethanolic leaf extract possesses many secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenol, tannins, terpenoids, glycosides and cardiac glycosides. The extract exhibited significant inhibitory effects at (p<0.05) against the reference isolates of bacteria. The highest antibacterial activity was exhibited by the highest concentration of the extract (300mg/ml). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of ethanol crude extract of Sida acuta was found to be 37.5 and 75mg/ml, respectively against all the reference isolates of tested bacteria. The observed antibacterial activity suggests that Sida acuta could be used for the treatment of tested bacterial infections.
Keywords: Phytochemical constituents, antibacterial activity, Sida acuta, ethanolic extract
Authors: Mustafa Topu, Iskender Tiryaki
Abstract: This study has been conducted to determine genetic diversity of the common vetch lines and cultivars by using pairwise combinations of universal rice primers (URPs). A total number of 37 URP marker pairs were tested and twenty of those provided amplicons in the common vetch genome. The pairs of amplified URP markers provided a total of 83 bands and 62 of them were determined as polymorphic and were scattered to the whole genome. The average polymorphism rate of the primers was calculated as 73.5% while the polymorphism information content (PIC) values have ranged from 0.11 to 0.47 with an average of 0.24. The phylogenetic tree constructed based on UPGMA analysis provided three main clades. Two-dimensional plot of PCA and the UPGMA analysis showed that the URP markers successfully distinguished the genetic material based on their genetic origin. In conclusion, this study revealed that the use of pairwise combinations of URP markers could have a better power to reveal the level of polymorphism in plant genome.
Keywords: Common vetch, URP, genetic diversity, molecular characterization
Author: Aylin Özdemir Bahadır
Abstract: In the pharmaceutical industry, biopharmaceuticals (biologics) are gaining market share. There has been a dramatic increase in the sale and market penetration of monoclonal antibodies in particular. Typically, therapeutic antibodies are produced using high-expression, clonal, or recombinant CHO cell lines. CHO cells dominate the market as a commercial production host due to their ease of use, built-in regulatory records, and security profiles. While traditional limiting-dilution and cloning-ring regulations are frequently used to select mammalian cell lines that produce high levels of proteins, they have a number of drawbacks. ClonePix2 is a fully automated, single cell-based clone selector that significantly increases the likelihood of rapidly selecting high-production clones with high monoclonality. Scfv-Fc recombinant antibody structures with a variety of therapeutic advantages have gained prominence in recent years. Single cell cloning of CHO cells expressing the scfv-Fc fusion protein, which differs from the classical immunoglobulin structure, was performed in situ using the ClonePix2 device using FITC-tagged anti-Fc and anti-H+L antibodies. The fluorescent intensity parameters of the resulting cell clones were analyzed. Additionally, ELISA was used to determine the production capacities of the best clones. As a result, it was established that anti-Fc antibody recognizes the scfv-Fc fusion protein in a semi-solid environment, enabling the identification of higher production clones.
Keywords: Biopharmaceuticals, cell-line, high-producer, scfv-Fc antibody, ClonePix2
Authors: Begum Terzi Aksoy, Ozlem Ates Sonmezoglu
Abstract: The highly degraded DNA content in processed food samples results in limited efficiency in detecting GMOs. Generally, conventional DNA isolation techniques from transgenic plant seeds or raw materials were available in the literature, whereas studies on DNA isolation techniques from processed food samples were more limited. Also, many processed food products contain genomic DNA from numerous complex plants or animal sources. In the present study, we proposed some beneficial modifications for high-quality DNA isolation of processed foods such as biscuits, cakes, crackers, corn chips, and flours. For this purpose, isolation protocols were investigated to obtain high molecular weight and quality DNA from food samples, the first step of GMO analysis in processed foods. To control the gene region of the target organism from the obtained DNA samples, PCR detection was performed with soybean and maize-specific primers. According to the statistical analysis, the A260/A280 ratios were the lowest in cake (1.58) and and highest in biscuit (1.83). The highest values of the total DNA presence belong to soy flour samples (211.80 ug/ul), and the lowest amount belongs to corn flour, cake, and corn chips samples Among the four isolation methods tested, the modified Wizard-CTAB method showed better results in most of the tested food products. Results showed that the modified WizardCTAB could be used in different food products for studies on corn and soybean specific genes and GMO detection.
Keywords: DNA isolation, genetically modified food (GMO), lectin, nucleic acid extraction, PCR detection
: A clouding of the lens of the eye that can cause blurred vision.
: A group of eye diseases that damage the #optic nerve and can lead to #vision loss.
: An eye disease that damages the #macula, the central part of the #retina.
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