View allAll Photos Tagged Reinforce
Architect: Charles-Édouard Jeanneret (Le Corbusier) and Pierre Jeanneret
Built in: 1928-1931
Client: Savoye family
Villa Savoye is a modernist villa in Poissy, in the outskirts of Paris, France. It was designed by Swiss architects Le Corbusier and his cousin, Pierre Jeanneret, and built between 1928 and 1931 using reinforced concrete.
Villa Savoye is a manifesto of Le Corbusier's five points of new architecture and the bases of modern architecture It is one of the most easily recognizable and renowned examples of the International style.
The house was originally built as a country retreat for the Savoye family. The villa is an official French historical monument since 1965 (a rare occurrence, as Le Corbusier was still living at the time).
In July 2016, the house and several other works by Le Corbusier were inscribed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Under the modern city Tomar lies the Roman city of Sellium. After the conquest of the region from the Moors in the Portuguese Reconquista, the land was granted in 1159 as a fief to the Order of the Knights Templar. Its Grand Master in Portugal, and Tomar's somewhat mythical founder, Gualdim Pais, laid in 1160 the first stone of the Castle and Monastery that would become the headquarters of the Order in Portugal.
Local traditional legends preach that the choice was for mystical reasons and by divine inspiration, from practices like geomancy by the Grand Master, based on exercises taken from luck and predestination. Reinforcing this magical view is the fact that the lot was part of a small chain of seven elevations (lugar dos sete montes), which became known as the city of seven hills, as the seven hills of Jerusalem, the seven hills of Rome or the seven columns of Constantinople. The foral or feudal contract was granted in 1162 by the Grand Master to the people. The Templars ruled from Tomar a vast region of central Portugal which they pledged to defend from Moorish attacks and raids. Like many lords of the unpopulated former frontier region of central Portugal, the villagers were given relatively liberal conditions in comparison with those of the northern regions of Portugal, in order to attract new immigrants. Those inhabitants who could sustain a horse were obliged to pay military service in return for privileges. They were not allowed the title of Knight which was reserved to the monks. Women were also admitted to the Order, although they didn't fight.
In 1190 Abu Yusuf al-Mansur, a Moroccan caliph, and his army attacked Tomar. However the crusader Knights and their 72-year-old leader kept them at bay. A plaque commemorates this bloody battle at the Porta do Sangue at the Castelo Templário (Castle of Tomar). In 1314, under pressure from the Pope Clement V, who wanted the Templars banned throughout Europe, King Dinis negotiated instead to transfer the possessions and personnel of the Order in Portugal to a newly created Order of Christ. This Order in 1319 moved south to Castro Marim, but in 1356 it returned to Tomar. In the 15th century the position of (cleric) Grand Master of the Order was henceforth nominated by the Pope, and the (lay) Master or Governor by the King, instead of being elected by the monks.
Henry the Navigator was made the Governor of the Order, and it is believed that he used the resources and knowledge of the Order to succeed in his enterprises in Africa and in the Atlantic. The cross of the Order of Christ that was painted in the sails of the caravels that crossed the seas, and the Catholic missions in the new lands were under the authority of the Tomar clerics until 1514. Henry, enriched by his overseas enterprises, was the first ruler to ameliorate the buildings of the Convento de Cristo since its construction by Gualdim Pais. He also ordered dams to be built to control the river Nabão and swamps to be drained. This allowed the burgeoning town to attract more settlers. Henry ordered the new streets to be designed in a rational, geometrical fashion, as they can still be seen today.
In 1438, King Duarte, away from Lisbon because of the Black Death, died there instead.
View of the round Templar church (12th century) of the Convent of the Order of Christ
Church of Santa Maria do Olival, burial place for the Knights Templar of Tomar
Just after 1492 with the expulsion of the Jews from Spain, the town increased further with Jewish refugee artisans and traders. The very large Jewish minority dynamized the city with new trades and skills. Their experience was vital in the success of the new trade routes with Africa. The original synagogue still stands. In the reign of Manuel I of Portugal the convent took its final form within the Manueline renaissance style. With the growing importance of the town as master of Portugal's overseas empire, the leadership of the Order was granted to the King by the Pope. However, under pressure from the monarchs of Spain, the King soon proclaimed by Edict that all the Jews remaining within the territory of Portugal would be after a short period considered Christians, although simultaneously he forbade them to leave, fearing that the exodus of Jewish men of knowledge and capital would harm Portugal's burgeoning commercial empire. Jews were largely undisturbed as nominal Christians for several decades, until the establishment of a Tribunal of the Portuguese Inquisition by the initiative of the Catholic Clergy in the town. Under persecution, wealthier Jews fled, while most others were forced to convert. Hundreds of both Jews and New Christians were arrested, tortured and burned at the stake in autos da fé, in a frenzy of persecution that peaked around 1550. Many others were expropriated of their property. Jewish ascendancy, more than Jewish religion, together with personal wealth determined whom would be persecuted, since the expropriations reverted to the institution of the Inquisition itself. The town lost then with the persecution of its merchants and professionals most of its relevance as a trading centre. New Christian names among the inhabitants are very common today.
In 1581 the city was the seat of the Portuguese Cortes (Feudal Parliament) which acclaimed the King of Spain Felipe II as Portugal's Filipe I.
During the 18th century Tomar was one of the first regions of Portugal in industry. In the reign of Maria I, with royal support, a textile factory of Jácome Ratton was established against the opposition of the Order. The hydraulic resources of the river Nabão were used to supply energy to this and many other factories, namely paper factories, foundries, glassworks, silks and soaps.
Tomar was occupied by the French during the Napoleonic invasions, against which it rebelled. Duke of Wellington with his Portuguese and English troops liberated the city afterwards. In 1834 all the religious orders, including the Order of Christ, were disbanded.
What look like reinforcing rod ends sticking out of the concrete walls of a couple of the buildings at the World War II 3.7" anti-aircraft gun battery above Lyttelton (port side) and Mount Pleasant (city side). Built during the war in case the Japanese Navy/Air Force got this far south in the Pacific.
A few km east at Godley Head were the anti-shipping gun emplacements.
Neil deGrasse Tyson spoke on the University of Alabama/Huntsville campus in the university's Chan Auditorium. Dr. Tyson is one of the leading astrophysicists in the world and is director of the Hayden Planetarium in the Rose Center For Earth and Space at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. He is also the author of several books.
Not only brilliant in his theories and approach to science, Dr. Tyson is most personable and exciting to see and hear! It is wonderful to see a scientist with a passion for space exploration again! Many of his statements were to reinforce the ideo of what a special place Huntsville AL is. To quote Dr Tyson: "Not many people go to work in the shadow of the Saturn V!" He is absolutely right- what a rich heritage we take for granted!
His lecture was also interactive with the audience and a wonderful afternoon of thought-provoking ideas!
Classic cast aluminum streetlamps on cast reinforced concrete posts, installed when the viaduct was new in 1930.
Los Angeles CA USA, 8 October 1988.
============
FILM TO DIGITAL IMAGE
[Camera] – MAMIYA C3 TLR with 80mm F2.8 (cropped to 645 format)
[Film/Processing] – KODAK TMAX 400/ ID-11
[Scanner] - SAMSUNG A32 5G smartphone with 4:3 MACRO lens (2576x1932)
[Digital Processing] - PAINT SHOP PRO 2022
============
5 light colours, and an off version.
White and metallic dark truss versions included.
marketplace.secondlife.com/p/isil-Modular-SFR-Reinforced-...
Photo courtesy of Lindsey Warwick
Another trip to the gas station wearing pantyhose. I was a little more daring and wore girly shorts with my hose and heels. Video to follow!
Lady of the Twizzle a renovated WWII barge Hundreds of reinforced concrete cargo barges, were commissioned in 1939 to assist in WWII. Their sole purpose was to transport up to 300 tons of ammunitions supplies, towed between their
destinations. Due to the timber shortage, these barges were built using steel and ferrocement (reinforced concrete).
Lady of the Twizzle offers spacious and flexible accommodation, sleeping 12/14 guests across 4 cleverly designed en suite cabins and family cabins. Spanning the 1st deck you will find large sociable areas, including a state of the art kitchen with 14 seater dining/conference table and a cosy snug area with spectacular views out to the estuary.
This is from last summer when I was just getting started with venturing out into hotel corridors dressed as a woman from the neck down. So thrilling to be out there with my reinforced toes totally exposed! I was really pushing it this day as it was early evening and a lot of folks were getting back to the hotel after work. My room was only a few yards from the elevators. What a rush!
With a reinforced steel door, this shed was used to store explosives for the nearby Stuart / Kier / General Refractories silica mine. Nothing was left inside the shed. The mine dates back to at least the late 1800's as the Stuart Fire Brick Company. At some point in the early 1900's it became the Kier Fire Brick Company. In 1933 the company was purchased by the General Refractories Company. Silica from the mine supplied the brickworks by running on a tramway that went out of the mine and down a hill to the brickworks. That facility was located at mile 46.0 (Kier) on the old P&LE Railroad. The brands of bricks made there included "Salina", "Etna", "Lyon", and "Yough". The Layton plant ceased operating by 1970, but the mine continued producing silica that was transported to another General Refractories plant in Claysburg, PA. until it closed in 1982. I am not mapping the location of this mine, to protect it from vandalism and scrappers. Some parts of the mine already have heavy graffiti. Please see an interesting blog about this location here: coalandcoke.blogspot.com/2019/02/stuartkiergeneral-refrac...
My goodness this route decided to take the mick today....ended up going out *twice* for a 62-reg E200 stray and both attempts failed, neither of them due to photography either! On my first outing the bus somehow arrived at Boston Manor 20 minutes earlier than anticipated so I missed it and after desperately searching for Northbound spots in Brentford, which I somehow found, it turned out the bus was just chilling at the county court with Abellio on the blinds.
Luckily Morrisons provided some comfort after the defeat, but after arriving home and completing some work, I checked LVF and discovered it had returned, somehow. On the second outing, which was also hardly ideal as everywhere was in shade by this point, the bus just didn't turn up. I don't actually know what happened to it, but waiting for 30 minutes on Half Acre wasn't exactly entertaining.
The practise shot is the only good thing that came out of today - this farce just reinforces my absolute hatred of the 195 ; please avoid it wherever possible! And if you're brave enough to force yourself through an end-to-end journey, boy do you have my respect...
ODC REINFORCED (must be many reinforced elements here! 18 - 24 July
www.flickr.com/groups/ourdailychallenge/discuss/721576704...
0X4A3839
Reinforced older paling fence in the coastal town of Inverloch, South Gippsland, Victoria, Australia.
PACIFIC OCEAN (May 18, 2021) An MV-22 Osprey, attached to Marine Medium Tiltrotor Squadron (VMM) 165 (Reinforced), 11th Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU), prepares to take off from the flight deck of amphibious assault ship USS Essex (LHD 2), May 18. Essex is underway as part of the Essex Amphibious Ready Group (ARG) conducting integrated training with the 11th MEU off the coast of southern California. Together, the 11th MEU, Amphibious Squadron (PHIBRON) 1, and ships are designated as an ARG. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Brett McMinoway)
Simplex 35mm soundhead replacement part box, ca. 1950s.
It's not often I come across a box with metal side corner reinforcements. Even the inside part of the interlocking box is reinforced at all four corners.
One last vintage reference is the 60 Cycles reference, which predates the 1960s adoption of hertz (Hz) as a unit of frequency equivalent to one cycle per second.
West of 19th Avenue; Phoenix, Arizona
Strobe off-camera, elevated on a tripod that was on the concrete, camera left, fired remotely. Second strobe behind the concrete?
(JPEG replaced 16 May 2015)
Through a perfectly aligned window frame, The Sea Ranch reveals its philosophy in a single view: structure and landscape as one seamless composition. The weathered cedar siding, aged to silvery gray, contrasts against the vivid greens of coastal vegetation and the deep blue of the Pacific beyond. Morning light glances across the façade, tracing the precise geometry of the architecture—a quiet choreography of form, texture, and light that defines The Sea Ranch’s timeless appeal.
This framing device, likely intentional in design, captures the community’s original vision articulated by architects Charles Moore, William Turnbull Jr., Donlyn Lyndon, and landscape architect Lawrence Halprin. The open window becomes both a literal and conceptual aperture, focusing attention on the natural environment while grounding the built form within it. The wild grasses and native shrubs flow to the edge of the structure, reinforcing the principle of “living lightly on the land.”
The scene is at once intimate and expansive—an invitation to pause and see how architecture can amplify, rather than dominate, its surroundings.
Framed by weathered cedar, this Sea Ranch view exemplifies the community’s defining ethos: minimalist modernism shaped by the Northern California coast’s raw beauty.
Car showroom and workshops, 1938-39, by Howard and Souster.
MATERIALS: steel-framed and reinforced concrete structure, walls of brick faced with reconstituted-stone blocks, now painted white. Roof of reinforced concrete and steel frame with metal sheeting. Floors of reinforced concrete with Terrazzo, rubber and grano finishing. Steel casement windows.
PLAN: irregular L-shape plan with showroom, offices (now snooker club) and car storage to the west facing onto Mill Street (this block is known as Len House), and workshops and administration block to the east, facing on to Len Pond. The east block is set back from Mill Road creating a courtyard space where an island filling station was originally located.
EXTERIOR: Moderne style west block (Len House) is built over two stories with a flat roof and parapet (now capped in folded metal sheet) to the front and a saw-tooth roof with corrugated covering to the rear. Ground floor double height showroom frontage with polished black stone stall-riser and integral fascia band, now covered by modern signage. A horizontal band of windows at first floor is interrupted by a central triangular tower, which rises from a canopy over the main showroom entrance. A string course connects the heads and sills of the windows. To the north, a single bay provides access from the street to the first floor through a pair of panelled timber doors. Over the door on a simple square-edged door surround applied lettering spells the name 'LEN HOUSE' above which is a band of horizontal reeding. At first floor a single window is surrounded by a square-edged architrave with an expressed keystone and reeded sill. The Mill Street elevation curves round into the south elevation of the block which provides a secondary canopied entrance to the showroom and a vehicular access to the car store to the rear of the block. The east block is over two floors but a mezzanine level at the west end results in two rows of upper windows on the west elevation. As with the west block, these horizontal bands of windows have a string course connecting their heads and sills. The west elevation provides access to the administration block with a canopy over the door, and a vehicular access into the workshops behind. The west elevation curves round into the south elevation. At either end the south elevation is punctuated by a projecting bay with raised parapet and pierced balconette in front of the ground floor window. Between the projecting bays are five bays with a continuous string course at the window heads and sills, either side of a central bay with a pronounced architrave and pierced balconette. To the far west of this elevation is an original entrance door into the administration block. The east elevation has been rendered and the fenestration largely blocked or altered and a new central entrance and canopy installed. The north elevation is of untreated brick with concrete banding at first floor and roof level. Most of the original openings remain although there has been some alteration. This elevation is of lesser interest. The roof of the east block is flat to the south, with ridge and furrow covered in corrugated sheeting to the north. The ridges are mounted by extractor units.
INTERIOR: the showroom has a modern interior, generally of little architectural interest, although a curved mezzanine viewing gallery (now enclosed) remains in the south-east corner of the showroom. The former offices on the first floor, now snooker hall, have been fitted with a Victorian-style interior, not of special interest. The car storage area to the rear of the showroom is largely open in plan, and fully open to the roof. At ground floor and mezzanine level the administration block is partially open-plan and partially subdivided into small offices with non-structural partitioning. The workshops are largely open plan with the vehicular ramp between ground and first floor being a principal feature. The concrete and steel structure of the building is undisguised; at ground floor concrete cross beams rest on large columns, supporting the first floor above, at first floor the workshops are open to the roof. The far east of the block is separated-off with a modern office interior, not of special interest. A number of original staircases remain throughout the building, mainly characterised by curved steel-strip balusters with wood or metal hand rails.
This is the La Trobe Reading Room in the State Library of Victoria in Melbourne, Australia
It was built in 1913 six storeys high and can house 32,000 books and 320 readers at its desks. When it was built, the enormous reinforced-concrete structure was the largest in the world. It was known as the Domed Reading Room until it was refurbished and reopened in 2003.
These are my new favorite pair of nylon stockings. The reinforced toe is just the right size for my taste. It feels amazing when I rub my legs together while wearing these hose. I can hardly wait for the weather to turn colder so I can shave my legs completely smooth again. I wore these stockings when I ventured out into the hotel corridor and it was such a rush! I was sure someone would suddenly pop out of their room and see me standing there wearing nylons and a teddy. I would be completely busted with my painted toe nails showing through the sheer nylons tottering on the 3" clear high heels.
The Burj Khalifa[a] (known as the Burj Dubai prior to its inauguration) is a skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It is the world's tallest structure. With a total height of 829.8 m (2,722 ft, or just over half a mile) and a roof height (excluding antenna, but including a 242.6 m spire)[2] of 828 m (2,717 ft), the Burj Khalifa has been the tallest structure and building in the world since its topping out in 2009, supplanting Taipei 101, the previous holder of that status.[3][4]
Construction of the Burj Khalifa began in 2004, with the exterior completed five years later in 2009. The primary structure is reinforced concrete and some of the structural steel for the building originated from the Palace of the Republic in East Berlin, the former East German parliament.[5] The building was opened in 2010 as part of a new development called Downtown Dubai. It was designed to be the centerpiece of large-scale, mixed-use development. The decision to construct the building was based on the government's decision to diversify from an oil-based economy, and for Dubai to gain international recognition.[citation needed] The building is named in honor of the former president of the United Arab Emirates, Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan.[6] Abu Dhabi and the UAE government lent Dubai money to pay its debts. The building broke numerous height records, including its designation as the tallest building in the world.
Burj Khalifa was designed by a team led by Adrian Smith of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, the firm that designed the Sears Tower in Chicago, a previous record holder for the world's tallest building. Hyder Consulting was chosen to be the supervising engineer with NORR Group Consultants International Limited chosen to supervise the architecture of the project. The design is derived from the Islamic architecture of the region, such as in the Great Mosque of Samarra. The Y-shaped tripartite floor geometry is designed to optimize residential and hotel space. A buttressed central core and wings are used to support the height of the building. Although this design was derived from Tower Palace III, the Burj Khalifa's central core houses all vertical transportation except egress stairs within each of the wings.[7] The structure also features a cladding system which is designed to withstand Dubai's hot summer temperatures. It contains a total of 57 elevators and 8 escalators.
At a certain point in the architectural and engineering process, the original Emaar developers experienced financial problems and required more money and economic funding. Sheikh Khalifa, the then-ruler of the United Arab Emirates, granted monetary aid and funding, hence the changing of the name from "Burj Dubai" to "Burj Khalifa". The concept of profitability derived from building high-density developments and malls around the landmark has proven successful. Its surrounding malls, hotels, and condominiums in Downtown Dubai have generated the most revenue from the project as a whole, while the Burj Khalifa itself made little or no profit.
postprocessing:
reinforced sharper
using PhotoFiltre software
CROP
Highest position: #373 on Saturday, February 21, 2015
mode=history
Highest position: #342 on Saturday, February 21, 2015 (best position Saturday night)
The externel flash [Canon Speedlite 430EX II ] helps in exact focussing with its infrared method.
There was some wind.
Exif data
Artist eagle1effi
Canon Exposure Mode Program AE
Tele-macro
Camera <b<Canon PowerShot SX60 HS
Exposure 0.005 sec (1/200)
Aperture f/5.0
Focal Length 17.5 mm aka 96 mm
ISO Speed 100
Tele-macro
Focus Distance Upper 1.15 m
________________________
Herbe de la pampa
L'adjectif spécifique selloana lui a été donné en 1818 par le naturaliste Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859), en hommage au botaniste et naturaliste allemand Friedrich Sellow qui étudia la flore d'Amérique du Sud, en particulier celle du Brésil.
Cortaderia selloana, commonly known as pampas-grass,
is a flowering plant native to southern South America, including the pampas after which it is named.
Der Begriff "Ziergras" stammt nicht aus der Botanik.
hier: Pampasgras aka Cortaderia Selloana
... after the German botanist and naturalist Friedrich Sellow.
...
The feathery flower head plumes, when dried, are widely used in flower arrangements and other ornamental displays.
Das Amerikanische Pampasgras (Cortaderia selloana) oder Silber-Pampasgras
ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Familie der Süßgräser (Poaceae).
Das Schneiden der meisten Ziergräser sollte im Frühjahr vorgenommen werden und nicht im Herbst, weil ansonsten Wasser in die Halme gelangen und zu Fäulnis führen kann. Das spätere Zurückschneiden im Frühjahr schützt die Pflanzen außerdem vor Kälte und hilft ihnen zu überwintern.
Wegen der auffallenden Farben und imposanten Wuchs-Formen ihrer Blätter, Blüten oder Halme auch im Herbst und Winter sind Ziergräser (englisch: ornamental grass) ein beliebtes Gestaltungselement in der Gartenkunst und künstlerischen Gartengestaltung.
Ziergras-Arten eignen sich als Solitär-Pflanzen, als Sichtschutz für den Stauden- und Steingarten oder auch zur Verbindung verschiedener Pflanzenarten wie Blumen und Sträucher.
Auch als Kübelpflanzen für den Balkon, die Terrasse oder den Wintergarten sind Ziergräser beliebt.
Medium reFrame
Effective Range: Medium
Classification: Ranged Assault
Armaments: (1) AR-G91COMBAT
(1) SMG-A54-00
(4) GRE-FLAK
An assault variant of the reFX01, Type D is equipped with reinforced mobile shields on its shoulders, reducing the need to carry a shield as compared to the A and B types. This model also comes with a modified backpack, designed specifically for short burts of thrust to quickly change direction, making it a highly mobile unit on the battlefield.
- - -
Build notes:
The primary intention for the reFX series was to create a more unified look with my mech designs and just evolve them slowly with upgrade parts. I figured I was creating too many new designs and had deviated from my original concept for Mech Wars, which was to create a modular LEGO mech system where I could simply swap out parts and create different mechs by just changing the individual part components.
The Type D is basically a rework version of the shoulders of the Type A/B. Following the same aesthetic as the A and B's shield, I made it more compact and mounted it on the top (similar to how Zaku II shoulders are). I initially wanted to add spikes or studs on it but ended up keeping it flat due to the assembly of the attached grenades.
The backpack was also rebuilt to have huge fuel tank canisters and verniers that could change direction, giving the Type D enhanced manueverability.
The rest of the body parts have some slight variations to it such as the elbows, the rear of the thighs, and the assembly of the lower shin.
Aside from the slight modifications, I badly wanted to experiment on different color schemes. So far I've done color palettes that apply to the entire mech but for this, I wanted the legs to be primarily white and the upper body (minus the arms) to be in another color.
- - -
More about this on my blog:
messymaru.wordpress.com/2016/05/06/moc-refx01-type-d/
For those interested in LEGO mech building, I put out an eBook over at Amazon Kindle a while back called Mech Wars Instructional Primer. If you’re looking for a resource that could help you start or even improve your mech building skills, you might find this eBook useful :D
Coquitlam 125 Salmon Project, 2016
Fabricated from reinforced composite fibreglass, the sculptures are over 6 feet tall, 5.5 feet deep and 1.5 feet wide.
Salmon are an integral part of Coquitlam’s story. Coquitlam’s name is derived from the kʷikʷəƛ̓əm (Kwikwetlem) term for "small red salmon," from the days when the Coquitlam River was thick with sockeye salmon. They were also an important food source for early residents (First Nations and European alike), and in modern times, their continuing presence in our local rivers is an important reminder of the nature around us.
In keeping with the Coquitlam 125 vision "Stories told, stories to be created," 12 artists were selected from among 41 submissions to decorate the sculptures. The salmon sculptures, with their completed artwork, were unveiled July 23 and 24, 2016, at the Kaleidoscope arts festival, a signature Coquitlam 125 event. They were then permanently installed in high traffic locations throughout the community as a legacy of Coquitlam 125. The project was funded by corporate partners and community sponsors.
Flavia Chan’s Salmon
About the Artist
Chan is a graduate of the Emily Carr University of Art and Design whose art is inspired by patterns found in nature. She has shown her work in solo and group exhibits in Metro Vancouver and the United States, and has worked with 3D objects such as vinyl toys and a sheep sculpture.
Floral elements, migrating salmon and a playful mascot named Kwetlem are part of her design, which represents Coquitlam moving towards a bright future.
For my video; youtu.be/sr1bhVn0X7M,
-2C,
Arctic Outflow,
Harbour Chines, Coquitlam, British Columbia, Canada
These are bent steel rods protruding out from large blocks of concrete that have been placed at the edge of Lake Michigan. A 20 second exposure was used to still the waves.
Fort Zeelandia is a fortress in Paramaribo, Suriname. In 1640 the French built a wooden fort on the spot, which during the British colonial days was reinforced and became Fort Willoughby. It was taken by the Dutch in 1667 and renamed Fort Zeelandia.
Paramaribo is the capital of Suriname, the former Dutch Guayana in the north of South America. One can depict the style of the Dutch architecture and the fact also that the cars here drive on the left side of the street, just like in London...
It is basically a low rise city with the tallest building not exceeding 10-stories. Nicknames for Paramaribo include Par’bo and the Paris of Suriname. A popular moniker for Suriname is the Little United Nations, reflecting the diverse nationalities resulting from immigration to Suriname over its history.
Paramaribo is one of the few capital cities where there is a Muslim mosque is near a Jewish synagogue, a tribute to Paramaribo’s cultural diversity and religion tolerance. Population is 250,000 souls.
Paramaribo is de hoofdstad van Suriname, het voormalige Nederlandse Guayana in het noorden van Zuid-Amerika. Men kan de stijl van de Nederlandse architectuur afschilderen en ook het feit dat de auto's hier aan de linkerkant van de straat rijden, net als in Londen...
Het is eigenlijk een laagbouwstad met het hoogste gebouw van niet meer dan 10 verdiepingen. Bijnamen voor Paramaribo zijn onder meer Par'bo en het Parijs van Suriname. Een populaire bijnaam voor Suriname is de Kleine Verenigde Naties, die de diverse nationaliteiten weerspiegelt die het gevolg zijn van immigratie naar Suriname gedurende zijn geschiedenis.
Paramaribo is een van de weinige hoofdsteden waar een moslimmoskee is in de buurt van een joodse synagoge, een eerbetoon aan Paramaribo's culturele diversiteit en religieuze tolerantie. De bevolking is 250.000 zielen.
Paramaribo é a capital do Suriname, a ex-Guiana Holandesa no norte da América do Sul. Pode-se retratar o estilo da arquitetura holandesa e também o fato de que os carros aqui circulam do lado esquerdo da rua, assim como em Londres ...
É basicamente uma cidade baixa, com o edifício mais alto não excedendo 10 andares. Os apelidos de Paramaribo incluem Par’bo e a Paris do Suriname. Um apelido popular para o Suriname é Pequena Nações Unidas, refletindo as diversas nacionalidades resultantes da imigração para o Suriname ao longo de sua história.
Paramaribo é uma das poucas capitais onde existe uma mesquita muçulmana perto de uma sinagoga judaica, um tributo à diversidade cultural e tolerância religiosa de Paramaribo. A população é de 250.000 almas. É o menor país da América do Sul, em tamanho e população.
Paramaribo est la capitale du Suriname, l'ancienne Guayana hollandaise au nord de l'Amérique du Sud. On peut décrire le style de l'architecture hollandaise et le fait aussi que les voitures roulent ici sur le côté gauche de la rue, comme à Londres...
C'est essentiellement une ville de faible hauteur avec le plus haut bâtiment ne dépassant pas 10 étages. Les surnoms de Paramaribo incluent Par'bo et le Paris du Suriname. Un surnom populaire pour le Suriname est Little United Nations, reflétant les diverses nationalités résultant de l'immigration au Suriname au cours de son histoire.
Paramaribo est l'une des rares capitales où il y a une mosquée musulmane à proximité d'une synagogue juive, un hommage à la diversité culturelle et à la tolérance religieuse de Paramaribo. La population est de 250 000 âmes.
Paramaribo es la capital de Surinam, la antigua Guayana holandesa en el norte de América del Sur. Se puede representar el estilo de la arquitectura holandesa y también el hecho de que los coches circulan por el lado izquierdo de la calle, como en Londres ...
Básicamente es una ciudad de poca altura con el edificio más alto que no excede los 10 pisos. Los apodos de Paramaribo incluyen Par'bo y el París de Surinam. Un apodo popular para Surinam es las Pequeñas Naciones Unidas, que refleja las diversas nacionalidades resultantes de la inmigración a Surinam a lo largo de su historia.
Paramaribo es una de las pocas capitales donde hay una mezquita musulmana cerca de una sinagoga judía, un tributo a la diversidad cultural y tolerancia religiosa de Paramaribo. La población es de 250.000 almas.
Paramaribo è la capitale del Suriname, l'ex Guayana olandese nel nord del Sud America. Si può raffigurare lo stile dell'architettura olandese e anche il fatto che le auto qui guidano sul lato sinistro della strada, proprio come a Londra...
È fondamentalmente una città bassa con l'edificio più alto che non supera i 10 piani. I soprannomi per Paramaribo includono Par'bo e la Parigi del Suriname. Un moniker popolare per il Suriname è Little United Nations, che riflette le diverse nazionalità derivanti dall'immigrazione in Suriname nel corso della sua storia.
Paramaribo è una delle poche capitali dove c'è una moschea musulmana vicino a una sinagoga ebraica, un tributo alla diversità culturale e alla tolleranza religiosa di Paramaribo. La popolazione è di 250.000 anime.
Paramaribo ist die Hauptstadt von Surinam, dem ehemaligen niederländischen Guayana im Norden Südamerikas. Man kann sich den Stil der niederländischen Architektur vorstellen und auch die Tatsache, dass die Autos hier auf der linken Straßenseite fahren, genau wie in London...
Es ist im Grunde eine niedrige Stadt mit dem höchsten Gebäude, das 10 Stockwerke nicht überschreitet. Spitznamen für Paramaribo sind Par’bo und das Paris von Suriname. Ein beliebter Spitzname für Suriname sind die Kleinen Vereinten Nationen, die die verschiedenen Nationalitäten widerspiegeln, die sich im Laufe der Geschichte aus der Einwanderung nach Suriname ergeben haben.
Paramaribo ist eine der wenigen Hauptstädte, in denen sich eine muslimische Moschee in der Nähe einer jüdischen Synagoge befindet, eine Hommage an Paramaribos kulturelle Vielfalt und Religionstoleranz. Die Bevölkerung beträgt 250.000 Seelen.
باراماريبو هي عاصمة سورينام ، غوايانا الهولندية السابقة في شمال أمريكا الجنوبية. يمكن للمرء أن يصور أسلوب العمارة الهولندية وحقيقة أن السيارات هنا تسير على الجانب الأيسر من الشارع ، تمامًا كما هو الحال في لندن ...
إنها في الأساس مدينة منخفضة الارتفاع لا يتجاوز ارتفاعها 10 طوابق. الألقاب لباراماريبو تشمل باربو وباريس سورينام. لقب شعبي لسورينام هو الأمم المتحدة الصغيرة ، التي تعكس الجنسيات المتنوعة الناتجة عن الهجرة إلى سورينام على مدار تاريخها.
باراماريبو هي واحدة من العواصم القليلة حيث يوجد مسجد مسلم بالقرب من كنيس يهودي ، تكريما للتنوع الثقافي والتسامح الديني في باراماريبو. عدد السكان 250 ألف نسمة.
Car showroom and workshops, 1938-39, by Howard and Souster.
MATERIALS: steel-framed and reinforced concrete structure, walls of brick faced with reconstituted-stone blocks, now painted white. Roof of reinforced concrete and steel frame with metal sheeting. Floors of reinforced concrete with Terrazzo, rubber and grano finishing. Steel casement windows.
PLAN: irregular L-shape plan with showroom, offices (now snooker club) and car storage to the west facing onto Mill Street (this block is known as Len House), and workshops and administration block to the east, facing on to Len Pond. The east block is set back from Mill Road creating a courtyard space where an island filling station was originally located.
EXTERIOR: Moderne style west block (Len House) is built over two stories with a flat roof and parapet (now capped in folded metal sheet) to the front and a saw-tooth roof with corrugated covering to the rear. Ground floor double height showroom frontage with polished black stone stall-riser and integral fascia band, now covered by modern signage. A horizontal band of windows at first floor is interrupted by a central triangular tower, which rises from a canopy over the main showroom entrance. A string course connects the heads and sills of the windows. To the north, a single bay provides access from the street to the first floor through a pair of panelled timber doors. Over the door on a simple square-edged door surround applied lettering spells the name 'LEN HOUSE' above which is a band of horizontal reeding. At first floor a single window is surrounded by a square-edged architrave with an expressed keystone and reeded sill. The Mill Street elevation curves round into the south elevation of the block which provides a secondary canopied entrance to the showroom and a vehicular access to the car store to the rear of the block. The east block is over two floors but a mezzanine level at the west end results in two rows of upper windows on the west elevation. As with the west block, these horizontal bands of windows have a string course connecting their heads and sills. The west elevation provides access to the administration block with a canopy over the door, and a vehicular access into the workshops behind. The west elevation curves round into the south elevation. At either end the south elevation is punctuated by a projecting bay with raised parapet and pierced balconette in front of the ground floor window. Between the projecting bays are five bays with a continuous string course at the window heads and sills, either side of a central bay with a pronounced architrave and pierced balconette. To the far west of this elevation is an original entrance door into the administration block. The east elevation has been rendered and the fenestration largely blocked or altered and a new central entrance and canopy installed. The north elevation is of untreated brick with concrete banding at first floor and roof level. Most of the original openings remain although there has been some alteration. This elevation is of lesser interest. The roof of the east block is flat to the south, with ridge and furrow covered in corrugated sheeting to the north. The ridges are mounted by extractor units.
INTERIOR: the showroom has a modern interior, generally of little architectural interest, although a curved mezzanine viewing gallery (now enclosed) remains in the south-east corner of the showroom. The former offices on the first floor, now snooker hall, have been fitted with a Victorian-style interior, not of special interest. The car storage area to the rear of the showroom is largely open in plan, and fully open to the roof. At ground floor and mezzanine level the administration block is partially open-plan and partially subdivided into small offices with non-structural partitioning. The workshops are largely open plan with the vehicular ramp between ground and first floor being a principal feature. The concrete and steel structure of the building is undisguised; at ground floor concrete cross beams rest on large columns, supporting the first floor above, at first floor the workshops are open to the roof. The far east of the block is separated-off with a modern office interior, not of special interest. A number of original staircases remain throughout the building, mainly characterised by curved steel-strip balusters with wood or metal hand rails.
HISTORY: the Rootes motorcar showroom and workshop was built in 1937-38 for Rootes Ltd by Howard and Souster, an architectural firm who specialised in industrial and commercial buildings and who undertook a number of commissions for Rootes. The site, adjacent to a mill pond on the River Len, had formerly been occupied by a tannery. The tannery buildings were acquired by Rootes in 1917 and were later demolished to make way for the new complex of showroom, filling station, workshops and offices. At the time of its opening in April 1938, the showroom was considered the largest and most up to date in Kent; at night 700ft of neon tubing outlined the frontage and spelled out the name 'ROOTES' on the tower above the main entrance.
Rootes was started in 1895 by William Rootes Snr who opened a cycle and repair shop in Goudhurst, Kent. The business soon moved into motor cars and its growing success took him to new larger premises in Hawkhurst and then Maidstone, where his son William was placed in charge. In 1917 William was demobilised from the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve to start the first aero engine repair organisation in the country. It was at this point that the old tannery, adjacent to the Len mill pond in Mill Street was obtained by the Rootes firm. Previously operating as a private firm, Rootes became Rootes Ltd, The Len Engineering Works, Maidstone; formed for the purpose of overhauling and repairing aero engines for the government.
By the mid 1920s, Rootes had become Britain's largest motor retailer and had moved into coach-building, acquiring in 1925 the firm of Thrupp and Maberly, coach builders for Humber, Daimler and Rolls-Royce. In the late 1920s, Rootes Ltd moved into car manufacture, forming Rootes Securities and making a successful bid for Humber-Hillman-Commer. The Hillman Minx, launched in 1931 became an outstanding success and by the late 1930s was the most popular light car in the world. In the mid 1930s the famous names of Sunbeam, Clement Talbot and Karrier all became part of the Rootes family. By 1937, Rootes controlled eight manufacturing companies, seven distributing companies, and was also controlling one of the largest export businesses in the British motor industry.
By the late 1930s manufacturing had moved away from the Maidstone site so the Len Engineering Works was rebuilt as a model super service station. In the preceding years, the motor car had become more accessible to the middle classes; the new showroom on Mill Street prided itself on offering 'models for the masses and millionaires'. The motor industry had embraced modernism in its architecture during the 1930s; the opportunities to exploit new materials and technologies allowed for an architectural expression linked to both the ideals of the motor industry, and the aspirations of their customers. The size of the Rootes showroom floor, uninterrupted by supporting columns, combined with an elegant, streamlined exterior glowing with neon light, would have made an impressive sight. The Rootes complex was referred to as a 'palace of modern motoring'.
The post war years saw continued national and international success for Rootes but the 1960s brought change. In financial difficulty, aid came from Chrysler who eventually acquired a majority share and the company became Chrysler United Kingdom. When Chrysler pulled out of Britain, ownership of the Rootes showroom and workshops passed to the Peugeot-Talbot Motor Company. The site is now owned by Robins and Day Ltd and continues to operate as a car showroom and repair garage.
SOURCES Tony Calladine and Kathryn Morrison, Road Transport Buildings, A Report by the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England for the English Heritage Post-1939 Listing Programme (1998), 8-35 (held in the National Monuments Record Centre) Julian Holder and Steven Parissien, The Architecture of British Transport in the Twentieth Century (2004), 161-188 'Kent's Link with Britain's Motor Industry', Kent Tells The World, 1951 'Rootes Strengthen Ties with County of Their Birth' Kent Messenger, April 9 1938 'Rootes' New Maidstone Showrooms', The Motor, 12 April 1938, 489 'Rootes of Maidstone, Part One: From Goudhurst to the World', Irene Hales, Bygone Kent, vol. 7, no. 10, 1986 'Rootes of Maidstone, Part Two: An Industrial Giant', Irene Hales, Bygone Kent, vol. 7, no. 11, 1986 'Rootes Reconstruct at Maidstone', The Motor, 22 March 1938, 342 'Stores, Shops and Showrooms Reference Section', Architectural Design and Construction, May 1939
REASONS FOR DESIGNATION The Rootes car showroom and workshops, Mill Street, Maidstone, is listed at Grade II for the following principal reasons: * the building is of special architectural interest as an example of a Modernist motorcar showroom, office and workshops complex which retains a significant proportion of its original fabric. * the building is of special architectural interest due to its grand scale, town-centre location and picturesque setting adjacent to the Len mill pond, which distinguishes it from other buildings associated with the motorcar industry during this phase of early motoring. * the building is a prominent manifestation of a hugely successful British car manufacturer, built in a period when the expansion of car ownership was having a the revolutionary impact on the physical and social fabric of the nation.