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Figure 4. Gas mask, showing proper adjustment of facepiece.
Figure 4 from:
R.A. Fulton; Floyd F. Smith; and Ruth L. Busbey. 1964. Respiratory Devices for Protection Against Certain Pesticides. ARS-33-76-1. USDA Agricultural Research Service. 12 p.
Photo by: Unknown
Date: 1964
Credit: USDA Forest Service, Region 6, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection.
Source: Aerial Survey Program digital collection.
Image provided by USDA Forest Service, Region 6, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection: www.fs.usda.gov/main/r6/forest-grasslandhealth
This was taken last 21st of June 2008 when typhoon “Frank” visited Iloilo City. Flood water rose as high as 12ft. Notice the white house on the left, there’s no trace of the ground floor already, luckily, we have 2nd floor (“,)
This picture was taken by my nephew who resides on the adjacent street. We were not home when “Frank” dropped by. That's why I am scared :(
After a year, we slowly but surely picking up the pieces - © natiel (“,)
Landheightsville
Tagbac, Jaro
Iloilo City
PHILIPPINES
though I can only see two legs and two half-legs).
I have started going round our village taking pics of the wall paintings by Alfred Béguin (after 11 years living here). I wish I knew the stories behind them all. Pics will be uploaded slowly (I have made a set); I haven't found all the paintings yet, and some of them are very faint; this one is obviously restored.
An article in French béguin story with some pics I have found and others not yet.
Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge is located in Montana's Centennial Valley and is part of the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem.
Originally established in 1935 to protect trumpeter swans, this refuge is home to a variety of other wildlife, as well as Arctic Grayling, a very unique member of the trout family.
Additionally, the views from this refuge are among some of the finest to be found.
Credit: George Jordan/USFWS
Pioneer Forest Entomologists and Forest Pathologists.
L-R: J.L. Webb, Assistant Forest Expert; Dr. Hermann VonSchrenk, in charge of Forest Pathology, Bureau of Plant Industry; Burns, Assistant in Forest Pathology; Dr. A.D. Hopkins, in charge of Forest Insect Investigations. Black Hills, South Dakota.
Photo by: Unknown
Date: July 1902
Credit: USDA Forest Service, Region 6, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection.
Source: H.E. Burke Collection digital files; Regional Office; Portland, Oregon.
This photo and the following excerpt are from:
H.E. Burke. 1946. My Recollections of the First Years in Forest Entomology. Berkeley, California. 37 p. www.fs.fed.us/sites/default/files/recollections-on-forest...
"The epidemic of the Black Hills Beetle, which ran from about 1898 to 1907 in South Dakota, was the first case of western bark beetle depredations to receive serious attention from foresters. It resulted in the heavy killing of ponderosa pine. The Black Hills outbreak so impressed Gifford Pinchot that he took aggressive action which finally resulted in the establishment of the Division of Forest Insect Investigations.
As a result of the studies that were made in the Black Hills, control methods were devised and a limited amount of control work was done. The epidemic soon subsided, however, and no field stations were set up for continued studies in this area."
For additional historical forest entomology photos, stories, and resources see the Western Forest Insect Work Conference site: wfiwc.org/content/history-and-resources
Image provided by USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection: www.fs.usda.gov/main/r6/forest-grasslandhealth
Hymenoptera
Callimomidae
Megastigmus pinus
Pupae and adults. Ashland, Oregon.
Photo by: J.M. Miller
Date: 1914
Credit: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection.
Collection: Bureau of Entomology Collection; La Grande, Oregon.
Image: BUR-7705
To learn more about this photo collection see:
Wickman, B.E., Torgersen, T.R. and Furniss, M.M. 2002. Photographic images and history of forest insect investigations on the Pacific Slope, 1903-1953. Part 2. Oregon and Washington. American Entomologist, 48(3), p. 178-185.
For related historical information see:
www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/21476
Wickman, Boyd E. 2005. Harry E. Burke and John M. Miller, pioneers in Western forest entomology. General Technical Report. PNW-GTR-638. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 163 p.
For additional historical forest entomology photos, stories, and resources see the Western Forest Insect Work Conference site: wfiwc.org/content/history-and-resources
Image provided by USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection: www.fs.usda.gov/main/r6/forest-grasslandhealth
McCall Oil Company delivery. Douglas-fir tussock moth control test. La Grande Fire Center, Oregon.
Photo by: Unknown
Date: 1973
Credit: USDA Forest Service, Region 6, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection.
Source: Forest Health Protection slide collection; Regional Office, Portland, Oregon.
For more information, see:
Graham, D.A.; J. Mounts; D. Almas. 1975. 1974 Cooperative Douglas-fir tussock moth control project: Oregon, Washington, Idaho. Portland, OR: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region. 74 p.
And: USDA-USDI Environmental Statement Cooperative Douglas-fir Tussock Moth Pest Management Plan Idaho Oregon Washington. December 1973. USDA Forest Service. Pacific Northwest Region. Portland, Oregon.
books.google.com/books?id=cJ02AQAAMAAJ&printsec=front...
Image provided by USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection: www.fs.usda.gov/main/r6/forest-grasslandhealth
Adult Megastigmus spermatrophus ovipositing in Douglas-fir cone. Ashland, Oregon.
Note: Taxonomy is from 1915 documentation.
Photo by: J.M. Miller
Date: May 1915
Credit: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection.
Collection: Bureau of Entomology Collection; La Grande, Oregon.
Image: BUR-2035
To learn more about this photo collection see:
Wickman, B.E., Torgersen, T.R. and Furniss, M.M. 2002. Photographic images and history of forest insect investigations on the Pacific Slope, 1903-1953. Part 2. Oregon and Washington. American Entomologist, 48(3), p. 178-185.
For additional historical forest entomology photos, stories, and resources see the Western Forest Insect Work Conference site: wfiwc.org/content/history-and-resources
Image provided by USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection: www.fs.usda.gov/main/r6/forest-grasslandhealth
Data analysis. Gypsy moth eradication project. Lane County, Oregon.
Photo by: Unknown
Date: 1985
Credit: USDA Forest Service, Region 6, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection.
Collection: FHP slide collection; Regional Office, Portland, Oregon.
Note:
Lane County Gypsy Moth Eradication Program (mid-1980s):
The Oregon Department of Agriculture is the lead agency for the gypsy moth detection program in Oregon. Agencies involved in the eradication program included the Oregon Department of Agriculture, USDA APHIS, USDA Forest Service, Oregon Department of Forestry, and private timber companies.
Three gypsy moths were initially detected in 1982 in the town of Lowell in west-central Oregon. These moths were caught in pheromone-baited traps during surveys conducted annually by the Oregon Department of Agriculture. In 1983, four more moths were caught in Lowell. After the trapping program was intensified in 1984, over 19,000 moths were caught in or near Lowell.
In the late spring of 1985, 226,045 acres were treated with Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki. Later that fall, the intensive trapping program identified additional infested areas in the same general area. Followup treatments with Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki were applied in 1986 (189,011 acres), 1987 (7,235 acres), and 1988 (2,995 acres). In addition to the aerial application of biological insecticides, State and federal quarantines were established in 1985 covering ~1,200 square miles to prevent people from moving gypsy moths out of the infested area. No further treatments were required after 1988. The total cost of the Lane County eradication program (including detection, eradication, and trapping) from 1984 to 1989 was about $18,000,000.
From: www.fs.usda.gov/detail/r6/forest-grasslandhealth/invasive...
Image provided by USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection: www.fs.usda.gov/main/r6/forest-grasslandhealth
Ford tri-motor spraying DDT. Western spruce budworm control project. Powder River control unit, Oregon.
Photo by: R.B. Pope
Date: July 1955
Credit: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection.
Collection: Portland Station Collection; La Grande, Oregon.
Image: PS-1430
To learn more about this photo collection see:
Wickman, B.E., Torgersen, T.R. and Furniss, M.M. 2002. Photographic images and history of forest insect investigations on the Pacific Slope, 1903-1953. Part 2. Oregon and Washington. American Entomologist, 48(3), p. 178-185.
For further information about historical western spruce budworm activity and control projects see:
Dolph, Robert E. 1980. Budworm activity in Oregon and Washington, 1947-1979. R6-FIDM-033-1980. Portland, OR: US Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, Forest Insect and Disease Management. 54 p.
For related historical program information see:
archive.org/details/AerialForestInsectAndDiseaseDetection...
Johnson, J. 2016. Aerial forest insect and disease detection surveys in Oregon and Washington 1947-2016: The survey. Gen. Tech. Rep. R6-FHP-GTR-0302. Portland, OR: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection. 280 p.
For additional historical forest entomology photos, stories, and resources see the Western Forest Insect Work Conference site: wfiwc.org/content/history-and-resources
Image provided by USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection: www.fs.usda.gov/main/r6/forest-grasslandhealth
The Crockets Knob Fire was reported on the morning of August 22, 2022, after significant lightning occurred across the Malheur National Forest. The initial report was approximately 15 acres burning in brush, timber and slash within the 1996 Summit Fire scar. Numerous air and ground fire resources responded to suppress the fire. Gusty winds and steep, rugged terrain resulted in increased fire behavior and limited access for crews.
Overnight on August 23rd and into the early hours of August 24th, east winds pushed the fire over constructed containment lines, and the fire grew to 225 acres. The afternoon of August 25th brought considerable fire growth to the south and southeast, increasing its footprint from 225 acres to 1,000 acres. Over the next several days the fire grew to over 4,000 acres.
In total, the fire burned 4,287 acres.
Tom Gregg records data for three different daily temperature and humidity checks: hygrothermograph; sling psychrometer; and separate thermometer-hygrometer. Douglas-fir tussock moth control project.
Photo by: Unknown
Date: June 1974
Credit: USDA Forest Service, Region 6, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection.
Collection: Region 6, Forest Health Protection slide collection; Regional Office in Portland, Oregon.
For more information about this project see:
Graham, D.A.; J. Mounts; D. Almas. 1975. 1974 Cooperative Douglas-fir tussock moth control project: Oregon, Washington, Idaho. Portland, OR: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region. 74 p.
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951d01325807f;view=1...
Image provided by USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection: www.fs.usda.gov/main/r6/forest-grasslandhealth
Fallers cutting fire-killed Douglas-fir. Bonlokke operation. Tillamook Burn, Oregon.
Photo by: Robert L. Furniss
Date: September 2, 1938
Credit: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection.
Collection: Bureau of Entomology, Robert L. Furniss Collection; La Grande, Oregon.
Image: F-333
To learn more about this photo collection see:
Wickman, B.E., Torgersen, T.R. and Furniss, M.M. 2002. Photographic images and history of forest insect investigations on the Pacific Slope, 1903-1953. Part 2. Oregon and Washington. American Entomologist, 48(3), p. 178-185.
For additional historical forest entomology photos, stories, and resources see the Western Forest Insect Work Conference site: wfiwc.org/content/history-and-resources
Image provided by USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection: www.fs.usda.gov/main/r6/forest-grasslandhealth
Scouting and mapping areas beetle kill from a high vantage point. Jenny Creek, Oregon.
"The estimator, equipped with binoculars and a topographic map of the area 'gridirons' the country by traveling along the ridges or open valleys or wherever an unobstructed view may be had of most of the timbered areas. At selected points along the route, the opposite slopes or areas visible and not more than 2 miles away are viewed with the naked eye or with binoculars, and the red, sorrel, and faded trees are counted. These are then spotted on the map within the area that has been viewed, either by dots or numbers, to indicate the number of trees that have been counted. All the country that can be viewed is covered in this manner." From: Miller, J.M. and F.P. Keen. 1960. Biology and Control of the Western Pine Beetle: A Summary of the First Fifty Years of Research. USDA. 381 p.
Photo by: J.E. Patterson
Date: June 1920
Credit: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection.
Collection: Bureau of Entomology Collection; La Grande, Oregon.
Image: BUR-2251
To learn more about this photo collection see:
Wickman, B.E., Torgersen, T.R. and Furniss, M.M. 2002. Photographic images and history of forest insect investigations on the Pacific Slope, 1903-1953. Part 2. Oregon and Washington. American Entomologist, 48(3), p. 178-185.
For related historical information see:
www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/21476
Wickman, Boyd E. 2005. Harry E. Burke and John M. Miller, pioneers in Western forest entomology. General Technical Report. PNW-GTR-638. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 163 p.
For related historical program information see:
archive.org/details/AerialForestInsectAndDiseaseDetection...
Johnson, J. 2016. Aerial forest insect and disease detection surveys in Oregon and Washington 1947-2016: The survey. Gen. Tech. Rep. R6-FHP-GTR-0302. Portland, OR: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection. 280 p.
For additional historical forest entomology photos, stories, and resources see the Western Forest Insect Work Conference site: wfiwc.org/content/history-and-resources
Image provided by USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection: www.fs.usda.gov/main/r6/forest-grasslandhealth
Arctic Grayling in Montana are a State Species of Special Concern. This male, collected in our fish trap, provided us with data that will help us better understand this unique species.
Our trap, located on Red Rock Creek, Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge, Montana, is one of the sampling and monitoring methods utilized by Montana Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office personnel to assess fish population trends.
Photo: Jim Mogen/USFWS
Natural size detail photo of mistletoe on red fir. Oregon.
Photo by: Jardine
Date: 1909
Image Credit: National Archives and Records Administration
Series: Photographs Relating to National Forests, Resource Management Practices, Personnel, and Cultural and Economic History, ca. 1897 - ca. 1980
Record Group 95: Records of the Forest Service, 1870 - 2008
National Archives Identifier: 7108535
Local Identifier: 95-GP-5017-75884
Forest Service Image: 75884
Image provided by USDA Forest Service, Region 6, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection: www.fs.usda.gov/main/r6/forest-grasslandhealth
The lands of the refuge were established to protect and provide habitat for migratory birds that cross State lines and international borders and are by law a Federal trust responsibility.
The refuge is of great value to waterfowl and shorebirds, as well as other migrating water-dependent bird species, because of the diversity of wetland and upland habitats that provide for the diverse life cycle needs of these species.
Photo Credit: Randy Lakes/USFWS
A field trip out of the Placerville Station. J.J. Sullivan (left) and P.D. Sergent on a trip up the American River Canyon near Kyburz, California.
Photo by: Unknown
Date: April 1913
Credit: USDA Forest Service, Region 6, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection.
Source: H.E. Burke Collection digital files; Regional Office; Portland, Oregon.
This photo and the caption are from:
H.E. Burke. 1946. My Recollections of the First Years in Forest Entomology. Berkeley, California. 37 p. www.fs.fed.us/sites/default/files/recollections-on-forest...
For additional historical forest entomology photos, stories, and resources see the Western Forest Insect Work Conference site: wfiwc.org/content/history-and-resources
Image provided by USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection: www.fs.usda.gov/main/r6/forest-grasslandhealth
Cessna 170B. 1952 Blowdown and Bark Beetle Survey. Oregon.
Photo by: Unknown
Date: 1952
Credit: USDA Forest Service, Region 6, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection.
Collection: Region 6, Forest Health Protection, Aerial Survey Program slide collection.
For additional information see:
Greeley, A.W., Wright, K.H. and Pope, R.B. 1953. Final report on the 1952 blowdown bark beetle survey in the Douglas-fir region of Oregon and Washington. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. Portland Forest Insect Lab.
For geospatial data collected during annual aerial forest insect and disease detection surveys see: www.fs.usda.gov/detail/r6/forest-grasslandhealth/insects-...
For related historic program documentation see:
archive.org/details/AerialForestInsectAndDiseaseDetection...
Johnson, J. 2016. Aerial forest insect and disease detection surveys in Oregon and Washington 1947-2016: The survey. Gen. Tech. Rep. R6-FHP-GTR-0302. Portland, OR: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection. 280 p.
For additional historic forest entomology photos, stories, and resources see the Western Forest Insect Work Conference site: wfiwc.org/content/history-and-resources
Image provided by USDA Forest Service, Region 6, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection: www.fs.usda.gov/main/r6/forest-grasslandhealth
Salvage logging ponderosa pine. Dendroctonus brevicomis control. Klamath Falls, Oregon.
Photo by: J.A. Beal
Date: July 1930
Credit: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection.
Collection: Bureau of Entomology Collection; La Grande, Oregon.
Image: BUR-6861
To learn more about this photo collection see:
Wickman, B.E., Torgersen, T.R. and Furniss, M.M. 2002. Photographic images and history of forest insect investigations on the Pacific Slope, 1903-1953. Part 2. Oregon and Washington. American Entomologist, 48(3), p. 178-185.
For additional historical forest entomology photos, stories, and resources see the Western Forest Insect Work Conference site: wfiwc.org/content/history-and-resources
Image provided by USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection: www.fs.usda.gov/main/r6/forest-grasslandhealth
Fallers undercutting fire-killed Douglas-fir. Meehan operation. Tillamook Burn, Oregon.
Photo by: Robert L. Furniss
Date: August 25, 1938
Credit: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection.
Collection: Bureau of Entomology, Robert L. Furniss Collection; La Grande, Oregon.
Image: F-309
To learn more about this photo collection see:
Wickman, B.E., Torgersen, T.R. and Furniss, M.M. 2002. Photographic images and history of forest insect investigations on the Pacific Slope, 1903-1953. Part 2. Oregon and Washington. American Entomologist, 48(3), p. 178-185.
For additional historical forest entomology photos, stories, and resources see the Western Forest Insect Work Conference site: wfiwc.org/content/history-and-resources
Image provided by USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection: www.fs.usda.gov/main/r6/forest-grasslandhealth
View of Northern part of Goat Rocks Wilderness during Wilderness Survey Trip on the Gifford Pinchot NF in Washington State. Circa September 1964
Caption:
This Stand of Timber Will Never See the Sawmill
An area in the Modoc National Forest showing the accumulated loss of ponderosa pine killed by the western pine beetle during a period of ten years.
Photo by: J.M. Miller
Date: September 1934
Photo and caption from page 11 of a hand-colored photo album called BarkBeetle Enemies of California Forests. Prepared by the USDA Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine in cooperation with the State Emergency Relief Administration - Project 3F-2-302 and the Emergency Educational Program. Berkeley, California. February, 1935.
Credit: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection.
Collection: Forest Health Protection digital file collection; Region 6 Regional Office, Portland, Oregon.
Wickman's account of these photo albums:
"The drought-related stress to trees on million of acres of
ponderosa pine forests in the inland West caused dramatic
levels of tree mortality that could not be ignored by politicians. Miller, Keen, and Patterson also played a clever propaganda game to procure appropriations to increase the research efforts on the western pine beetle. During the depression, government agencies provided some level of support for artists, cartographers, and draftsmen as a “make work” program. These artisans were eagerly employed by Miller at bargain prices to produce hand-colored photo albums showing the extent of the tree mortality caused by bark beetles, what was being done, and what was needed in the form of research programs to curb this wasteful tree loss. Miller got the message across by supplying these albums to trade associations, chambers of commerce, politicians, and universities."
From: Wickman, Boyd E. 2005. Harry E. Burke and John M. Miller, pioneers in Western forest entomology. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-638. Portland, OR: USDA, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. p. 126.
www.fs.fed.us/pnw/publications/pnw_gtr638/
See also: Furniss, M.M. 2018. The Battle for Old-Growth Ponderosa Pine in Northeastern California: Efforts to Control the Western Pine Beetle in Remnant Old-Growth Stands During the 1920s. American Entomologist, Volume 64, Issue 1, 8 March 2018, Pages 16–19, doi.org/10.1093/ae/tmy018
For additional historical forest entomology photos, stories, and resources see the Western Forest Insect Work Conference site: wfiwc.org/content/history-and-resources
Image provided by USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection: www.fs.usda.gov/main/r6/forest-grasslandhealth
Insect cages on trees. Mountain pine beetle flight study conducted by the University of Washington and Washington State Deparment of Natural Resources. Cle Elum, Washington.
Photo by: Dave McComb
Date: July 1970
Credit: USDA Forest Service, Region 6, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection.
Collection: FHP slide collection; Regional Office; Portland, Oregon.
Image provided by USDA Forest Service, Region 6, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection: www.fs.usda.gov/main/r6/forest-grasslandhealth
Orthotomicus orantus Sw. work in bark of Pinus ponderosa.
Note: Taxonomy is from 1935 documentation.
Photo by: Roaf
Date: February 1935
Credit: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection.
Collection: Bureau of Entomology Collection; La Grande, Oregon.
Image: PS-179
To learn more about this photo collection see:
Wickman, B.E., Torgersen, T.R. and Furniss, M.M. 2002. Photographic images and history of forest insect investigations on the Pacific Slope, 1903-1953. Part 2. Oregon and Washington. American Entomologist, 48(3), p. 178-185.
For additional historical forest entomology photos, stories, and resources see the Western Forest Insect Work Conference site: wfiwc.org/content/history-and-resources
Image provided by USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection: www.fs.usda.gov/main/r6/forest-grasslandhealth
Insect control methods cartoon.
"Before adopting any of these methods for insect control for the season of 1912, it is highly recommended that each method be given a trial test of at least 1,000 years."
Drawing by: Unknown
Date: 1912
Credit: USDA Forest Service, Region 6, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection.
Source: Boyd E. Wickman Collection; Regional Office; Portland, Oregon.
Andy Eglitis brought Boyd's slides from Bend to Portland February 13, 2019.
For additional historical forest entomology photos, stories, and resources see the Western Forest Insect Work Conference site: wfiwc.org/content/history-and-resources
Image provided by USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection: www.fs.usda.gov/main/r6/forest-grasslandhealth
Stearman spray plane. Western spruce budworm control project. Ochoco control unit, Oregon.
Photo by: R.B. Pope
Date: July 1955
Credit: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection.
Collection: Portland Station Collection; La Grande, Oregon.
Image: PS-1413
To learn more about this photo collection see:
Wickman, B.E., Torgersen, T.R. and Furniss, M.M. 2002. Photographic images and history of forest insect investigations on the Pacific Slope, 1903-1953. Part 2. Oregon and Washington. American Entomologist, 48(3), p. 178-185.
For further information about historical western spruce budworm activity and control projects see:
Dolph, Robert E. 1980. Budworm activity in Oregon and Washington, 1947-1979. R6-FIDM-033-1980. Portland, OR: US Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, Forest Insect and Disease Management. 54 p.
For related historical program information see:
archive.org/details/AerialForestInsectAndDiseaseDetection...
Johnson, J. 2016. Aerial forest insect and disease detection surveys in Oregon and Washington 1947-2016: The survey. Gen. Tech. Rep. R6-FHP-GTR-0302. Portland, OR: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection. 280 p.
For additional historical forest entomology photos, stories, and resources see the Western Forest Insect Work Conference site: wfiwc.org/content/history-and-resources
Image provided by USDA Forest Service, Region 6, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection: www.fs.usda.gov/main/r6/forest-grasslandhealth
Drawing shows the brood stages, work, and life history of the Douglas-fir beetle. Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk.
Artist: de Young
Photographer: Unknown
Date: 1934
Credit: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection.
Collection: Bureau of Entomology Collection; La Grande, Oregon.
Image: BUR-6868
To learn more about this photo collection see:
Wickman, B.E., Torgersen, T.R. and Furniss, M.M. 2002. Photographic images and history of forest insect investigations on the Pacific Slope, 1903-1953. Part 2. Oregon and Washington. American Entomologist, 48(3), p. 178-185.
For additional historical forest entomology photos, stories, and resources see the Western Forest Insect Work Conference site: wfiwc.org/content/history-and-resources
Image provided by USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection: www.fs.usda.gov/main/r6/forest-grasslandhealth
In F.P. Keen's Cone and Seed Insects of Western Forest Trees (USDA Technical Bulletin 1169), this image is Figure 52 on page 149. The caption reads, "Adults of the fir coneworm Dioryctria abietella."
Photo by: J.E. Patterson
Date: c.1915
Credit: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection.
Collection: Bureau of Entomology Collection; La Grande, Oregon.
Image: BUR-1916
To learn more about this photo collection see:
Wickman, B.E., Torgersen, T.R. and Furniss, M.M. 2002. Photographic images and history of forest insect investigations on the Pacific Slope, 1903-1953. Part 2. Oregon and Washington. American Entomologist, 48(3), p. 178-185.
For additional historical forest entomology photos, stories, and resources see the Western Forest Insect Work Conference site: wfiwc.org/content/history-and-resources
Image provided by USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection: www.fs.usda.gov/main/r6/forest-grasslandhealth
Field trial to examine genetic variation in resistance to Sudden Oak Death (Phytophthora ramorum) in tanoak, Douglas-fir, coast redwood, and Port-Orford-cedar. Established near Brookings, Oregon.
More about the project from Richard Sniezko:
A field trial was established in southern Oregon, near Brookings, in March 2019 to examine genetic variation in resistance to Phytophthora ramorum (pathogen causing Sudden Oak Death) in tanoak, as well as susceptibility of conifers Douglas-fir, coast redwood, and Port-Orford-cedar. The trial was a joint effort between USFS (Dorena Genetic Resource Center, FHP), OSU, and ODF.
900 tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus) seedling ‘families’ from 55 Oregon parent trees (and bulked lots) were planted in a field trial to assess genetic resistance to Phytophthora ramorum (pathogen causing sudden oak death, SOD), and to correlate with results of seedling inoculation testing done at Oregon State University. Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), and Port-Orford-cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana) seedlings were also planted to test conifer susceptibility. Contact Richard Sniezko (richard.sniezko@usda.gov), Megan Lewien (mlewien@fs.fed.us), and Jared LeBoldus (Jared.LeBoldus@oregonstate.edu), for more information.
Photo by: Richard Sniezko
Date: March 18, 2019
Credit: USDA Forest Service, Region 6, Umpqua National Forest, Dorena Genetic Resource Center.
Source: Richard Sniezko collection; Cottage Grove, Oregon.
For more about the Dorena Genetic Resource Center see: www.fs.usda.gov/detail/r6/landmanagement/resourcemanageme...
Image provided by USDA Forest Service, Region 6, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection: www.fs.usda.gov/main/r6/forest-grasslandhealth
Class 4B. Keen Ponderosa Pine Tree Classification. Camp Sherman, Oregon.
Photo by: F.P. Keen
Date: August 3, 1939
Credit: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection.
Collection: Bureau of Entomology and Portland Station Collections; La Grande, Oregon.
Image: PS-405 and BUR-8876
To learn more about this photo collection see:
Wickman, B.E., Torgersen, T.R. and Furniss, M.M. 2002. Photographic images and history of forest insect investigations on the Pacific Slope, 1903-1953. Part 2. Oregon and Washington. American Entomologist, 48(3), p. 178-185.
Image provided by USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection: www.fs.usda.gov/main/r6/forest-grasslandhealth
The following information about the Keen Classification system is excerpted from Wickman, Boyd E. 2005. Harry E. Burke and John M. Miller, pioneers in Western forest entomology. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-638. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 163 p.:
"Keen’s research on tree classification continued in Oregon and was called the “Keen Ponderosa Pine Tree Classification.” The Salman-Bongberg approach was called the “California Pine Risk-Rating System.” Both systems evolved from research on tree susceptibility to bark beetle attack that had been conducted in the 1920s by Miller, Keen, Patterson, Person, and Struble. Tree growth rates were a particularly important area of the studies, with Miller and Person proposing that slower growing mature ponderosa pine were more susceptible to attack by the western pine beetle than younger more vigorous trees (Smith et al. 1981).
The rating systems resulted in a silvicultural approach
to managing the western pine beetle instead of the direct
control method of felling infested trees, then peeling and
burning the bark. This was a breakthrough for forest managers that allowed them to capture the economic value of susceptible trees before they were killed by bark beetles, and at the same time resulted in decreased beetle populations or at least seemed to prevent outbreaks. The Salman- Bongberg California risk-rating system identified susceptible trees by assigning penalty points to crown and stem characteristics of a tree. This was followed up by a logging practice called sanitation salvage (Smith et al. 1981). The Keen system, involved four classes based on age and four vigor classes within each age class. It was oriented more toward identifying the susceptibility of individual trees to insect attack. Keen also assigned penalty points in his system. It was slightly more complex to use and was not directly tied to the sanitation salvage concept, but a certain level of logging of susceptible trees was generally followed. Keen’s classification was more widely used in ponderosa pine stands of eastern Oregon, and the California system was used for both ponderosa pine and Jeffrey pine stands in eastern California."
For more, see: www.fs.fed.us/pnw/publications/pnw_gtr638/
For more about Keen's classifications see: www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/ecology_of.../psw_1943_kee...
Early gypsy moth control included cutting and burning infested wood lots in the Eastern US.
Note: Image may be as old as 1880s or 1890s.
Photo by: Unknown
Date: c.1915
Credit: USDA Forest Service, Region 6, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection.
Collection: FHP slide collection; Regional Office, Portland, Oregon.
Image provided by USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection: www.fs.usda.gov/main/r6/forest-grasslandhealth
Entomological Rangers J.D. Riggs (right) and J.J. Sullivan at Cecilville, California, starting on reconnaissance of Salman River country.
Photo by: Unknown
Date: September 1911
Credit: USDA Forest Service, Region 6, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection.
Source: H.E. Burke Collection digital files; Regional Office; Portland, Oregon.
This photo and the following excerpt are from:
H.E. Burke. 1946. My Recollections of the First Years in Forest Entomology. Berkeley, California. 37 p. www.fs.fed.us/sites/default/files/recollections-on-forest...
"J.D. Riggs was camp foreman for the Forest Service on the Northeastern Oregon Bark Beetle Control Project and with the Forest Insect Station 5 at Yreka, Placerville, and Ashland from July 1, 1911, until about August 1, 1916, when he resigned to go into mining.
J.J. Sullivan was a woodsman for the Baker Forest Protective Association in the 1910 fall control work for the Northeastern Oregon Bark Beetle Control Project, and a cruiser in the 1911 spring control work. He served as Agent and later as Entomological Ranger with Forest Insect Station at Yreka and Placerville from July 1, 1911, to Sepetember 1915, and then transferred to the Northern Rocky Mountain Station. Sullivan left the Bureau of Entomology in June 1916 to go into lumbering."
For additional historical forest entomology photos, stories, and resources see the Western Forest Insect Work Conference site: wfiwc.org/content/history-and-resources
Image provided by USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection: www.fs.usda.gov/main/r6/forest-grasslandhealth
Curculionidae.
Balaninus sp.
Larvae in Quercus californica acorns.
Note:
- Above is the original taxonomy in the documentation from 1916; see update below.
- In F.P. Keen's Cone and Seed Insects of Western Forest Trees (USDA Technical Bulletin 1169), this image is Figure 4 on page 44. The caption reads: "The filbert weevil, Curculio uniformis (Lec.), and its damage in California black oak acorns."
- The imnage was also used for Figure 196 on page 323 in: Furniss R.L. and V.M. Carolin. 1977. Western forest insects. US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. The caption reads, "Damage by the filbert weevil (Curculio occidentis) to California black oak acorns." archive.org/stream/westernforestins1339furn#page/322/mode...
Photo by: J.E. Patterson
Date: October 1916
Credit: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection.
Collection: Bureau of Entomology Collection; La Grande, Oregon.
Image: BUR-1966
To learn more about this photo collection see:
Wickman, B.E., Torgersen, T.R. and Furniss, M.M. 2002. Photographic images and history of forest insect investigations on the Pacific Slope, 1903-1953. Part 2. Oregon and Washington. American Entomologist, 48(3), p. 178-185.
For additional historical forest entomology photos, stories, and resources see the Western Forest Insect Work Conference site: wfiwc.org/content/history-and-resources
Image provided by USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection: www.fs.usda.gov/main/r6/forest-grasslandhealth