View allAll Photos Tagged Realigning
How does it feel? I think it is about to snow any minute now. Weather feels all over the place. I’m still wearing shorts :) But till we see some snow lets revisit one of my favorite locations outside Chicago covered in fall color. Wish it was closer than it is. What do you think?
With leaves turning on nearby Maple Mountain, Rio Grande train No. 242 climbs through Spanish Fork Canyon east of Castilla on Sept. 11 1987. This realignment was just over four years old at the time.
With a short train in tow for CN the Bailey switcher hops up and over the NS at Bailey/Burns Harbor as they work west. While the street running in Michigan City is the most known change coming to the shore this jump over the NS is also supposed to be realigned last i knew with the curve being straightened out and moved to the south a bit.
I have always granted myself the freedom to exercise artistic license and pursue whatever brings me joy. "Some" of my photographs may contain AI generated elements, such as backgrounds.
- Pequén-5 - Expressionism City Flare Cosmic Realignment - TS2 3
Part of 1914 "Magnolia Cutoff" realignment of the B&O mainline was this tunnel at Paw Paw, WV. A loaded coal train passing through the curved Carothers Tunnel.
Rio Grande SD40T-2 No. 5381 emerges from the Thistle Tunnel on the 1983 Thistle Line Change the evening of June 29, 1996. The quartet of D&RGW "tunnel motors" were pulling a Skyline to Los Angeles Harbor export coal train. Above the train, at left is an excavation for the realignment of US Highway 6 over Billies Mountain.
If you don't like the way things are lining up, adjust your position.
Works with photography and life.
Art Print Available:
An SD70ACe and C44-9W lead the way as the U86 crew brings an empty Norfolk Southern coal train from Gilbert to the Affinity Mine for loading. After emerging from Tunnel No. 4, the train is crossing the bridge over the Guyandotte River in Simon, West Virginia on trackage that was built as part of the realignment for the construction of the R. D. Bailey dam and reservoir.
====Info====
NS Guyandot River Branch
Simon, WV
NS U86 (Coal Empties; Gilbert, WV to Affinity Coal Complex - Affinity, WV)
NS 1125 SD70ACe Blt. 2014
NS 9858 C44-9W Ex. NS 9858 C40-9W Blt. 2004
Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) rousing. Birds rouse to realign feathers, and the behavior is often a sign of contentment, or comfort.
Mann Island, Liverpool
A change of position for a different shot, which I had thought about some months earlier on a tripod free day out in Liverpool. I spent ages trying to get some symmetry into this shot... moving the tripod back and forth, adjusting the legs, ball head, camera angle but it just didn't look right in the viewfinder.
Then Eddie came over... what you trying to do?
"Get this shot framed up, but I'm having trouble aligning it, it doesn't look right in camera" I replied.
"It won't do, the building's not symmetrical in the first place" came the instant response.
"Doh!!!"
A moment's thought and a realignment on the apex vertical and Bob's yer uncle... better than the glass wall reflection I think. Still plenty of room for improvement.
Excerpt from www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WMY4DA_South_Bay_United_Churc...:
South Bay United began its life as a Wesleyan Methodist congregation. The church was completed in 1879. After 46 years, the congregation opted to realign with the fledgling United Church of Canada following Reorganization.
humming WAVE GUIDES and beyond .....strong vibrating minds realigning frequencies, .....tuning the perfect pitch
lonelysoul. & Nicky Lyons - King (VIP Techno Mix)
I caught you watching me under the light
Can I realign?
They say it's easy to leave you behind
I don't want to try
Co-cover, take that test
Hold coverage to your chest
Don't want to wait for you
Don't want to have to lose
All that I compromised to feel another high
I've got to keep it down tonight
And oh, oh, oh
I was a king under your control
And oh, oh, oh
I want to feel like you've let me go
So let me go
Let me go
So let me go
I was a king under your control
Don't you remember how I used to like being on the line?
I dreamed you dreamed of me calling out my name
Is it worth the price?
The frozen surface of the large Arbersee lake radiates a quiet serenity. As if the world were holding its breath for a moment, thoughts realign and gain clarity. Such moments are rare, yet their power lies precisely in their fleeting nature: they bestow a profound peace and remind us how beneficial pausing can be.
Amtrak's California Zephyr train No. 6 climbs through Detour, Utah, entering the 14-mile 'Soldier Creek Line Change' the morning of May 3, 1986. The realignment, completed in 1913, reduced the ruling grade east to Soldier Summit from 4% to 2%. The original right of way followed closely the current route of US Highway 6.
Wabash heritage unit #1070 drifts downgrade through Maybeury, WV on March 7, 2021. This area of the Pocahontas Division was originally electrified, but upon realignment and construction in the late 1940s of the new Elkhorn Grade to the present day Elkhorn Tunnel, the overhead catenary system was demolished in favor for the use of the N&W's ever evolving efficient steam locomotive fleet.
A heavy ice fog hangs in the crisp prairie air at Scotsguard, Sask., as Great Western Railway’s Frontier–Assiniboia wayfreight rolls beneath a striking six-arch bowstring bridge, reportedly the longest Depression-era bridge of its kind in the province.
For those interested in a bit of historical backstory: Saskatchewan built dozens of concrete bowstring (tied-arch) bridges in the 1920s and ’30s. Many are gone, some still carry traffic, and others, like this one, were bypassed and left behind when highways were realigned. Costly to demolish and tough by design, they were simply abandoned. This particular bridge dates to 1936 and once carried Highway 13 (the Red Coat Trail) before the route was straightened in the 1970s.
Well-suited to flat terrain, these low-profile concrete arches offered good clearance, handled soft soils, and kept maintenance simple. More importantly, they also kept people at work during the Depression, which was likely a higher priority than aesthetics, though these bridges have plenty of that, too.
Nearly a century after the hands of our grandparents’ generation laboured to build a better tomorrow through critical infrastructure projects, the bridge endures, weathered, cracked, and quietly impressive, while faint traces of the old highway fade back into the surrounding fields. One can’t help but wonder what they would think of the projects so desperately needed across the country today, and whether our great-grandchildren will one day look back on the bridges of the future with the same reverence. After all, these are inanimate structures of concrete, wood, and steel, yet their simple beauty can still carry us to a different time and place, even when their original purpose has long since passed.
Stay tuned for part two: another striking example 225 km northeast in Mortlach.
A BNSF westbound slogs west up the 1.4 percent grade on Main One just east of Ash Hill, California, on one of several grade separated areas of the CTC Two Main Track Needles Subdivision.
To the right is a portion of the original Main One alignment, which after reviewing aerial maps appears to have been almost completely realigned from Siberia to Ash Hill. Many cuts, fills, bridge abutments and old tie plates can be found with a little exploring.
Main Two from here eastward to Siberia breaks off just to the right and uses a more direct and steeper (2.3 percent) grade that's about two miles shorter than Main One between the same two points.
Earlier in this Hyde Park series, I posted photos of the Brownlee House, an example of the American Foursquare. The Faulk-Frenke House is also an example of the Foursquare style of architecture. Houses in this classical style are built in a cube design with a veranda spanning the front and a pyramidal-shaped roof.
Built in 1917 by a cousin of John Henry Faulk, a well-known and controversial Austin commentator, the house went through a succession of owners until 1971 when Merle and Ginna Franke purchased it. At that time, it was in considerable need of repairs, and the use of space was not suited to modern-day living.
Franke's son, Steve, led a renovation during the 1980s and '90s. All the changes were made within the original framework and are sympathetic to the house's character. There are no additions—Steve simply reassigned space to different uses, sometimes realigning interior walls.
Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990, the Hyde Park Historic District includes an eclectic mixture of architectural styles, from late 19th-century Queen Anne and Classical Revival homes to 20th-century bungalows and ranch houses. Additionally, many of the houses and buildings in Hyde Park have been designated City of Austin Historic Landmarks and Texas Historic Landmarks.
Source: 1994 Park Neighborhood Association Homes Tour Guide
Another take on the morning empties as they roll through Escalante Jct. The Conductor is posted up at the sign and keeps a watchful eye on the train after he drove ahead of them to open the switch onto the Lee Ranch Sub. After clearing the switch, he'll realign it for BNSF movement then drive up to the headend at MP 6 where he'll climb aboard for the run to El Segundo. A closer look will find the caboose on the rear that they ran with for the week for some rare photos.
Two Oakway Leasing EMD SD60s, along with a pair of Cascade green locomotives, pull a Burlington Northern coal train toward Belmont and the summit of Nebraska’s Crawford Hill on July 9, 1994. The train is about to enter a large cut, made when the hill was realigned and double-tracked, completed in 1982. Above the lead motor is the old right-of-way leading into Nebraska’s only railroad tunnel, now void of tracks, of course.
July 18, 2018 - Kearney / Gibbon / Heartwell Nebraska US
*** Like | Follow | Subscribe | NebraskaSC ***
Prints Available...Click Here
All Images are also available for...
stock photography & non exclusive licensing...
Watch the Video from this Epic Nebraska Storm Chase Day on Flickr! Click Here
This Majestically Beautiful Supercell was loosing steam.. She wouldn't be downgraded until she went south of Nebraska I-80 Corridor between Kearney & Gibbon.
I didn't have time to stop in Kearney long enough, due to I was racing the sunset and still trying to stay in front of the storm. Incredible CC & CG Lighting filled the sky every few seconds as I could hear the Civil Defense (Tornado Sirens) firing off in the City of Kearney & Gibbon Nebraska.
I would eventually realign myself in front of the storm after sunset to get some good lightning firing off. It wasn't the end that days chase. We had another Thunderstorm, severe warned right behind this one... This was to good to be true....Oh what a night!!!
*** Please NOTE and RESPECT the Copyright ***
Copyright 2018
Dale Kaminski @ NebraskaSC Photography
All Rights Reserved
This image may not be copied, reproduced, published or distributed in any medium without the expressed written permission of the copyright holder.
#ForeverChasing
#NebraskaSC
I'm trying to get my karmic balance realigned after all the recent violence, but the bastard just..won't...BLOODY...WORK!!!
I AM A VERY FUCKING CALM LEAF ON A BEAUTIFUL BASTARD BREEZE.
Fuck it. I'm going out for cocktails.
Third pick in the series. Finding the center. Mindful meditation. The universe starts to realign. I see how this is going to go.
Mood:
The campus began in 1887 as "Ye Forest Inne," a summer vacation retreat for Washington, D.C., residents. The retreat did not succeed financially, and the property was sold and redeveloped as a finishing school, opening in 1894 with a class of 48 female students.[2] The architecture of the campus remained eclectic and whimsical. In addition to various Victorian styles, exotic designs included a Dutch windmill, a Swiss chalet, a Japanese pagoda, an Italian villa, and an English castle.[3] Many of these small homes with international designs were built from blueprints obtained by competing sororities, but all were designed by architect Emily Elizabeth Holman of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[4] The campus also featured covered walkways, outdoor sculptures, and elaborately planned formal gardens. Among the administration was Assistant Dean of the College, Miss Edna Roeckel.[5] In 1936 it was renamed "National Park College" and its focus was realigned with more modern education trends; it remained one of the most prestigious women's schools in the country.
The mainline cuts through the mountains here at Albert Canyon in a cut made after the mainline was realigned. The previous mainline ran through a tunnel that is now obscured by trees, but ran roughly where the pole lines runs between the current mainline and the river. The realignment work improved hte physical structure of the railroad, guess time will tell where the CPKC merger does the same. CPKC 7454 leads 113 west at Albert Canyon.
Amtrak Washington to Boston Acela train 2190 arrives at Providence Station on track 2 in this view looking down off the Francis Street bridge. They are crossing the five track wide concrete deck bridge over the Woonasquatucket River as they pass through BRAYTON interlocking at about MP 185.3 on Amtrak's New Haven Line. This bridge dates from the 1986 track realignment that moved the mainline closer to the state house in conjunction with the building of the new station that opened up the river and a big swath of downtown for redevelopment. Overhead is the Providence Place Mall which opened in 1999, and while I'm not much on malls, the view is pretty cool from the third floor food court that is situated directly above the tracks and offers a commanding view in both directions.
Providence, Rhode Island
Monday March 13, 2023
In addition to the shot of NRFF deep in the Lehigh Gorge at Penn Haven as seen here: flic.kr/p/2nEJvDV I also made a point to photograph the Lehigh Gorge Scenic Railway excursion while out here. Just over a mile south of M&H Junction at Penn Haven as seen in that photo is a location on the railroad known as Old Penn Haven (five miles on foot or bike from the nearest road). This was once where the Lehigh Valley Railroad mainline swung over and crossed the river to the east bank. When exactly the railroad was realigned and the new bridge was built I'm not sure, perhaps after the floods in 1911 but if anyone knows with certainty I'd be interested to learn.
Located at MP 129.7 on modern day RBMN's Lehigh Division mainline this wide spot along the right of way features a small runaround where LGSR power usually swaps ends. However this day they simply paused for a moment and then reversed directions and shoved back the 7 miles to Jim Thorpe. Here is the 3 PM excursion basking in the sun between the green hills of the surround gorge with the sharp OCS units in charge. As for these two F units, 270 (former NS 4270) and 275 (former NS 4275) are an F9A and F7B respectively acquired at auction in November 2019 when Norfolk Southern divested their executive power.
Old Penn Haven
Lehigh Township, Pennsylvania
Sunday August 14, 2022
The campus began in 1887 as "Ye Forest Inne," a summer vacation retreat for Washington, D.C., residents. The retreat did not succeed financially, and the property was sold and redeveloped as a finishing school, opening in 1894 with a class of 48 female students.[2] The architecture of the campus remained eclectic and whimsical. In addition to various Victorian styles, exotic designs included a Dutch windmill, a Swiss chalet, a Japanese pagoda, an Italian villa, and an English castle.[3] Many of these small homes with international designs were built from blueprints obtained by competing sororities, but all were designed by architect Emily Elizabeth Holman of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[4] The campus also featured covered walkways, outdoor sculptures, and elaborately planned formal gardens. Among the administration was Assistant Dean of the College, Miss Edna Roeckel.[5] In 1936 it was renamed "National Park College" and its focus was realigned with more modern education trends; it remained one of the most prestigious women's schools in the country.
I visited a few of my flickr friends this morning who know that in addition to being incredibly busy (work, building, getting ready for trip in May), my satellite is only working 1/2 of the time, and is very, very slow. it may need realigning. I have not been able to load any photos, until I got to a hotel with high speed. I have a lot to upload, and very little time. But here is my first one.
This is straight from the camera, all I did was straighten the horizon slightly.
South Shore Freight SD38 804 rolls west down East 11th Street in Michigan City heading towards Burns Harbor. The South Shore Line features almost two miles of street running in Michigan City but that track is slated to be realigned in the next few years. The power seen here would go on to pick up 112 cars of steel in Burns Harbor and bring it to Chicago.
According to track charts, the six degree curve at Echo, Utah, mile post 952.2 of the Evanston Subdivision is the sharpest west of Omaha, Nebraska.
No doubt there were curves as sharp or sharper than six degrees along the original transcontinental route. Over the years, 40 miles of track have been trimmed from line changes and track realignments. Due of geography, there is no practical way to reduce the six degree curve at the east end of town.
Union Pacific 8901 leads the INPOA 08 train along the Lincoln Highway into the aforementioned curve. Maximum train speed through the 102 degree arc is 35 mph, even for passenger. To add more fun, eastbound trains immediately hit a 1.14% compensated grade at the speed restricted curve, extending 24 miles to the 6,842 ft. summit at Wahsatch.
Part of 1914 "Magnolia Cutoff" realignment of the B&O mainline was this tunnel at Paw Paw, WV. A loaded coal train passing through the curved Carothers Tunnel.
Amtrak's eastbound 'Empire Builder', train number 8, soars over the swollen banks of the Skykomish River on bridge 1753.4 just east of Gold Bar, Washington.
The west side of Stevens Pass endured constant rain for over 24 hours leading up to the day of our visit. The rainstorm culminated by dumping exceptionally heavy showers around mid-day. The tributary creeks and rivers feeding the Skykomish River were raging by the afternoon, dumping the churning white water of their mountain runoff into the typically docile waterway at the center of the Skykomish Valley. After squeezing every lumen of the days usable light into our camera sensors up on Stevens Pass, our group was fixing to photograph one more train before heading for home. A quick glance at Eagle Falls near Baring revealed a maelstrom of white water, surging through the gap in the rocks, leaving no place for even a foolhardy photographer to stand. With even blue hour passing rapidly, and Amtrak #8 advancing steadily towards us, we pushed towards Gold Bar, and the riverside park near bridge 1753.4. Upon arrival, we discovered that the wide silt beach where we had started our day eleven hours before was now under two feet of swirling water. Each successive wave was advancing further into the bushes that typically are well above the touch of the river. A frantic search for alternative angles, on solid ground resulted in the composition above. Partway through my first test exposure, to dial in my camera settings, the trackside trees high above on the western side began to catch the headlights of the approaching train. Fifty five seconds of shutter open time passed slowly, as I did my best to shield my lens from the downpour with my hat.
Barely visible below the truss span, and closest deck girder span are piers remaining from the bridge of the Wallace Falls Timber Company's logging railroad. WFT used a steel span across the center of the river with wooden pile trestle approaches. This bridge allowed WFT to add spurs on the south side of the river to their already extensive network of trackage feeding logs to the mills. Use of a steel bridge for a logging railroad was atypical, but some of the reasoning behind this has been brought to light thanks to local rail historian David Sprau. In his words: "...I always had been told that Wallace Falls Timber had been somewhat hoodwinked into putting a steel and concrete bridge over the river there, instead of a traditional wood or Howe truss, because 'somebody' had assured them that GN would be glad to buy it, and the alignment, from them anytime they wished to sell, because GN was 'very close' to going ahead with a line change at that location."
An article he shared from the September 13, 1929 edition of the Monroe Monitor about recent Great Northern Rwy surveyors working the area adds further substance to this: "The present bridge across the Skykomish River in use by the Wallace Falls Timber company is of the heavy type in use on most railway construction and it is rumoured that the railway officials had some ultimate purpose in mind in getting the timber company to build such a bridge." Unfortunately for the Wallace Falls Timber Co., the Great Northern did not act on any of their plans and surveys for realignment of the mainline between Gold Bar and Index for over 30 more years. By the time GN's 'Reiter Revision' to reduce curvature and ease the ruling grades was under construction in 1960, the WFT had gone out of business, and their trestle was in a state of disrepair. The logging railroad's bridge was demolished not long before the new GN line went into use in 1962. Today the concrete piers stand as the few clues that this place once hosted another railroad.
Thanks to Dave Sprau for his research, and permission to post the above.
Wooden sea defence at Happisburgh beach. The damaged revetments between Happisburgh and Cart Gap have long since been abandoned by the government as they leave the community to the ravages of coastal erosion and global warming. This policy is called "managed realignment". A little further along the beach the local council has funded thousands of tonnes of rock armour to help protect the village of 600 homes, but in reality it is fighting a losing battle.
Ironically somewhat, a lone upside down pillbox from world war two stands next to the dilapidated defences. It fell on to the beach in 1965 due to the cliff erosion.
Source: internetgeography.net
Despite being the primary rail artery between Toronto and Montreal, CN's Kingston Sub is no stranger to infrastructure that would otherwise be considered outdated on mainlines elsewhere on the continent. The searchlight signals governing the Newtonville crossovers date back to the implementation of Centralized Traffic Control half a century ago. The telegraph poles on the right are even older, dating to 1903 when this section of the line was double-tracked and realigned a short distance to the north of its original 1856 alignment. Eventually this will all be gone, including the subject of this photo: VIA 902 with a consist of LRC cars. Soon VIA's new Siemens trainsets will enter service and this aging secondhand equipment will be seen only in photographs.
Illuminated by the morning sun, UP SD70M 3813 brings Settegast to Strang yard transfer MHOSR12 down UP’s West Belt Sub and under a set of tri-lights at CP Nance. These tri-lights were installed by the Houston Belt & Terminal when the West Belt/Tower26 were realigned in the 90’s.
Back in 1988 there were quite a lot of long distance trains crossing several borders in Europe. You could spend some 10 hours in a train going for example all the way from København H to Oslo S with all three state railways of Denmark, Sweden and Norway involved and providing part of the stock. The journey would have included crossing the Øresund between Helsingør and Helsingborg by ferry.
30 years later you might use the bridge to Malmö and experience a reduced overall journey time, but would be forced to change trains at Göteborg. While you would not recognize most of the rebuilt lines in Sweden and Norway, this stretch of line in the forests of swedish Dalsland between Dals Ed and the norwegian border station Kornsjø has not been realigned and is still single tracked.
SJ Rc6 1416 was in charge of rst 462 between Göteborg and Oslo and chased by some severe rainclouds.
W&LE train #101 heads off the W&LE's own track, and onto CSX for it's trackage rights run to Willard yard. At one time, the W&LE (former AC&Y) crossed right here by coming straight over the CSX (former B&O) on diamonds, but by this time, trackage had been realigned via switches so that the train could get on to CSX. Eventually, the whole line you see the W&LE train on would be ripped up, when things were changed around to W&LE getting onto CSX at New London, about 10 miles east of here.
Perhaps some of the W&LE's rarest power were these four GP-38 units, #100-103, which were leased from VMV/Helm Leasing, and didn't last too many years on the W&LE. They were the only units to wear the W&LE's second paint scheme, following the 2 Kodachrome painted units, and preceding the D&RGW inspired scheme. It looked good to me but could have used much better lettering. Unit 100 still survives as WAMX 3801 and now usually works on the Kansas & Okalahoma.
For anyone wanting to see the updated look of this place, you can dig into my previous postings and check out this shot, taken years later with the train running on the CSX from New London:
www.flickr.com/photos/91431315@N07/28296698799/in/album-7...
The crew of 1758 has received permission from CSX to open up at Turner street and enter the mainline for a quick trip back to home rails, The crew will pull past the cross overs, realign them and then blast off for home.
July 18, 2018 - Kearney / Gibbon / Heartwell Nebraska US
*** Like | Follow | Subscribe | NebraskaSC ***
Prints Available...Click Here
All Images are also available for...
stock photography & non exclusive licensing...
Watch the Video from this Epic Nebraska Storm Chase Day on Flickr! Click Here
This Majestically Beautiful Supercell was loosing steam.. She wouldn't be downgraded until she went south of Nebraska I-80 Corridor between Kearney & Gibbon.
I didn't have time to stop in Kearney long enough, due to I was racing the sunset and still trying to stay in front of the storm. Incredible CC & CG Lighting filled the sky every few seconds as I could hear the Civil Defense (Tornado Sirens) firing off in the City of Kearney & Gibbon Nebraska.
I would eventually realign myself in front of the storm after sunset to get some good lightning firing off. It wasn't the end that days chase. We had another Thunderstorm, severe warned right behind this one... This was to good to be true....Oh what a night!!!
*** Please NOTE and RESPECT the Copyright ***
Copyright 2018
Dale Kaminski @ NebraskaSC Photography
All Rights Reserved
This image may not be copied, reproduced, published or distributed in any medium without the expressed written permission of the copyright holder.
#ForeverChasing
#NebraskaSC
Here's a fine example of “guardrailfanning” as the Rio Grande Zephyr train No. 18 dashes through fresh snow between Rio and Thistle the morning of April 3, 1983. It is as this point to the west that the D&RGW built the Thistle Line Change through Billy's Mountain that would begin in a few weeks when the mainline closed due to a 300 ft. landslide. The realignment hangs a righthand curve along the roadway (which also would be replaced), taking a grade free route to a 3009 ft. tunnel through the mountain, and down the hill meeting the original alignment at Castilla.
Now known as the N.Antelope-Rochelle complex fourteen years later than the last post. Tracks have been added, realigned and now lead to a pair of mines.
9-3-00
Chicago South Shore winds its way through a residential area of Hammond, IN, with cars for Chicago interchange. In 2021, work started here to realign the railroad and remove the reverse curves in an effort to accommodate expansion for commuter agency NICTD. The mainline is now about 40 feet behind where I am standing, and this area is now access and parking for the new Hammond Gateway Station.
11th & Franklin, Michigan City, Indiana. An intersection well-known in the electric railfan world, but pretty unremarkable to most anyone else, other than the fact that rails run through the pavement, and trolley wire hangs above it. With the realignment of the South Shore Line's street running though, this scene will change completely. The commercial buildings behind the eastbound train here will soon bite the dust to make way for a new, off-street, double-track main line, and drivers will no longer look in their rear-view mirrors to see that a steadily oncoming train is closer than it appears.
Last defence against the might of the North Sea. Battered and dilapidated these revetments are still standing after years of neglect by the government in a policy of "managed realignment". More money is being spent further along the coast against the effects of global warming, but basically the small 600 house community of Happisburgh is left to its own fate.