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Impression from the Session: Cyber War at the Annual Meeting 2017 of the World Economic Forum in Davos, January 20, 2017
Copyright by World Economic Forum / Sikarin Thanachaiary the Session: Cyber War at the Annual Meeting 2017 of the World Economic Forum in Davos, January 20, 2017
Copyright by World Economic Forum / Sikarin Thanachaiary the Session: Restoring Ocean Resources at the Annual Meeting 2017 of the World Economic Forum in Davos, January 20, 2017
Copyright by World Economic Forum / Sikarin Thanachaiary
My current library of web development and graphic design-related books. There are a few good gems in here.
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) helped Terry and Gail Small with their Animal Mortality Facility, In-Vessel Composter that disposes of daily poultry mortality; a process that produces a pathogen free compost product that can then be applied to the land according to the nutrient management plan, Hector AR, on June 26, 2019. The purpose of this composters is to reduce the impact of pollution on surface and groundwater and reduce odor. Even in the event of a power outage, the process continues in the safety of its large long horizontal plastic container. The ingredients are simple, for every bucket of chicken, in goes a bucket of wood shavings.
Inside, an internal drum with spiral blades rotates very slowly mixing, moving and aerating the mixture. The natural process brings the interior temperature to120-125 degrees Fahrenheit. At the end, the compost is slowly expelled -- ready to use. The producer is then able to use it in fields or sell it.
The Smalls work with NRCS District Conservationist Joe Tapp and Agricultural Engineer Britt Hill on their conservation plan that includes this mortality facility.
.
NRCS has a proud history of supporting America’s farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners. For more than 80 years, we have helped people make investments in their operations and local communities to keep working lands working, boost rural economies, increase the competitiveness of American agriculture, and improve the quality of our air, water, soil, and habitat.
As the USDA’s primary private lands conservation agency, we generate, manage, and share the data, technology, and standards that enable partners and policymakers to make decisions informed by objective, reliable science.
And through one-on-one, personalized advice, we work voluntarily with producers and communities to find the best solutions to meet their unique conservation and business goals. By doing so, we help ensure the health of our natural resources and the long-term sustainability of American agriculture.
Farm Production and Conservation (FPAC) is the Department’s focal point for the nation’s farmers and ranchers and other stewards of private agricultural lands and non-industrial private forest lands. FPAC agencies implement programs designed to mitigate the significant risks of farming through crop insurance services, conservation programs and technical assistance, and commodity, lending, and disaster programs.
The agencies and service supporting FPAC are Farm Service Agency (FSA), NRCS, and Risk Management Agency (RMA).
For more information please see www.usda.gov.
USDA Photo by Lance Cheung.
THE DALLES, Ore. – Noah Williams loves it when people tell him he can’t do something.
Like when people say there’s no way he can make cover crops work in a dryland wheat cropping system. “It’s my motivation to find a way to do it,” he says. “I like the challenge.”
Noah is working with the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) and the Wasco Soil and Water Conservation District (SWCD) to try some new, innovative approaches to build healthier soil on his farm. “I’ve been told that cover cropping can’t work in our area, but I believe it can—we just have to change our mindset,” Noah says.
Pictured: Noah Williams examines his wheat crop in a field previously planted with cover crops. He said the wheat in the control area,
close to where he's standing in this photo, turned yellow much faster than the wheat in cover cropped areas. The wheat in the cover cropped areas (pictured behind Williams) stayed green longer into the season and appeared to handle stress better.
Ontario, California is a large city east of Los Angeles, with a population of more than 170,000, and covers nearly 50 square miles in the Southern California valley known as the Inland Empire, on Nov. 13, 2018. In here is, Huerta del Valle (HdV) where Co-Founder and Executive Director Maria Alonso and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Redlands District Conservationist Tomas Aguilar-Campos works closely with her as she continues to improve the 4-Acre organic Community Supported Garden and Farm in the middle of the city's low-income urban community
USDA NRCS has helped with hoop houses to extend the growing season, low-emission tractor replacement to efficiently move bulk materials and a needed micro-irrigation system for this San Bernardino County location that is in a severe drought condition (drought.gov). Huerta del Valle is also a recipient of a 4-year USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Community Food Projects (CFP) grant and a USDA funded California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) Specialty Crop Block Grant Program (SCBGP). She and her staff grow nearly 150 crops, including papayas and cactus. CSA customers pick up their produce on site, where they can see where their food grows. To pay, they can use the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Electronic Benefits Transfer (EBT) cards. The price of a produce box is based on the customerâs income.
Alonsoâs inspiration came from her desire to provide affordable organic food for her child. This lead to collaborators that included students and staff from Pitzer College's âPitzer in Ontario Programâ and the Claremont Colleges, who implemented a project plan and started a community garden at a public school. Shortly after that, the City of Ontario was granted $1M from the Kaiser Permanente Healthy Eating Active Living (HEAL) Zone initiative. Huerta del Valle was granted $68,000 from that grant for a three-year project to increase the scale of operation. The city of Ontario supported the project above and beyond the grant by providing a vacant piece of land next to a residential park and community center. Alonso says that this spot, nestled near an international airport, two major interstate highways, suburban homes, and warehouses, is a âgreen space to breathe freely.â
She far exceeded Kaiser's expectations by creating 60 10â X 20â plots that are in full use by the nearby residents. Because of the demand, there is a constant waiting list for plots that become available.
As the organization grew, it learned about the NRCS through an advertisement for the high-tunnel season extension cost-sharing program. The ad put them in touch with the former district manager Kim Lary who helped Huerta del Valle become federal grant ready with their Data Universal Numbering System (DUNS) and System for Award Management (SAM) registrations and connected the young organization to NRCS as well as the Inland Empire Resource Conservation District (IERCD.) Since then, Alonso has worked closely with them sharing her knowledge with a broader community including local colleges such as the Claremont Colleges and California State Polytechnic University, Pomona (Cal Poly Pomona).
Cal Poly Pomona is an example where education institutions help the community. Cal Poly Pomona Plant Science Nursery Manager Monica Salembier has produced plant seedlings (plant trays) for transplant at HdV for many years. Aaron Fox and Eileen Cullen in the Plant Science department have hosted HdV in their classes and brought many groups on tours of the farm to learn about sustainable urban growing practices.
The centrally located garden, the shaded picnic tables have been the site of three USDA NRCS workshops for regional farmers, students, and visitors. The site also serves as a showcase for students and other producers who may need help with obtaining low-emission tractors, micro-irrigation, and high tunnel âhoop houses.â
Alonso says, âevery day is a good day, but especially at the monthly community meetings where I learn from my community.â
For more information, please see www.usda.gov and www.nal.usda.gov/afsic/community-supported-agriculture
Farm Production and Conservation (FPAC) is the Departmentâs focal point for the nationâs farmers and ranchers and other stewards of private agricultural lands and non-industrial private forest lands. FPAC agencies implement programs designed to mitigate the significant risks of farming through crop insurance services, conservation programs, and technical assistance, and commodity, lending, and disaster programs.
The agencies and service supporting FPAC are Farm Service Agency (FSA), Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), and Risk Management Agency (RMA).
Natural Resources Conservation Service has a proud history of supporting Americaâs farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners. For more than 80 years, we have helped people make investments in their operations and local communities to keep working lands working, boost rural economies, increase the competitiveness of American agriculture, and improve the quality of our air, water, soil, and habitat.
As the USDAâs primary private lands conservation agency, we generate, manage, and share the data, technology, and standards that enable partners and policymakers to make decisions informed by objective, reliable science.
And through one-on-one, personalized advice, we work voluntarily with producers and communities to find the best solutions to meet their unique conservation and business goals. By doing so, we help ensure the health of our natural resources and the long-term sustainability of American agriculture.
For more information, please see www.usda.gov.
USDA Photo by Lance Cheung.
Bend, Ore. -- A group of 45 federal snow surveyors gathered in Bend Jan. 10 - 15, 2016 to train on measuring mountain snowpack and cold-weather survival. USDA's Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) hosts the Westwide Snow Survey training every year to support snow surveyors across 13 Western states.
“Often times our snow survey crews must traverse difficult mountain terrains to manually measure the snowpack in remote areas,” said Tony Tolsdorf, one of the organizers for this year’s training. “The Westwide Snow Survey training is absolutely essential to sustain our snow survey program. We ensure our people are prepared in the event of an emergency and keep them up-to-speed on the methods for measuring.”
Training topics included outdoor survival, mountain medicine, avalanche preparedness, a history of snow survey, shelter construction, methods of measurement, and more. Guest instructors included Brian Horner of Learn to Return Training based in Anchorage, Alaska and Nancy Pfeiffer of the Alaska Avalanche School also based in Anchorage.
Since its inception in 1935, USDA’s Snow Survey and Water Supply Forecasting Program has grown into a network of 1,185 manually-measured snow courses and 858 automated snow telemetry stations across 13 Western states, including Alaska. The program provides streamflow forecasts at 673 stream gages in the West. Data from the automated snow sites are available near real-time through an extensive web delivery system.
NRCS photos.
Learning Resources Center
Oral Roberts University
Tulsa, OK
Designed by Frank Wallace
1965
Here's what the ORU website says about this incredible building:
The John D. Messick Learning Resources Center (LRC), completed in 1965, encompasses four
and one-half acres of floor space and houses the library, bookstore, cafe’s, administration
offices, classrooms, electronic media, laboratories and conference rooms. The pillars that grace
the building represent those in King Solomon’s temple. The front porch skylight is an abstracted
dove. The fountain, composed of two triangles, represents the triune nature of God pouring into the
triune nature of man, and its flame and water symbolize the Holy Spirit. Water falls from
twelve openings, representing the twelve apostles and evangelism.
Community garden plots are just half of the Huerta del Valle (HdV) 4-Acre organic Community Supported Garden and Farm in the middle of a low-income urban community, where Co-Founder and Executive Director Maria Alonso and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Redlands District Conservationist Tomas Aguilar-Campos work closely as she continues to improve the farm operation in Ontario, California, on Nov. 13, 2018.
USDA NRCS has helped with hoop houses to extend the growing season, low-emission tractor replacement to efficiently move bulk materials and a needed micro-irrigation system for this San Bernardino County location that is in a severe drought condition (drought.gov). Huerta del Valle is also a recipient of a 4-year USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Community Food Projects (CFP) grant and a USDA funded California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) Specialty Crop Block Grant Program (SCBGP). She and her staff grow nearly 150 crops, including papayas and cactus. CSA customers pick up their produce on site, where they can see where their food grows. To pay, they can use the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Electronic Benefits Transfer (EBT) cards. The price of a produce box is based on the customerâs income.
Alonsoâs inspiration came from her desire to provide affordable organic food for her child. This lead to collaborators that included students and staff from Pitzer College's âPitzer in Ontario Programâ and the Claremont Colleges, who implemented a project plan and started a community garden at a public school. Shortly after that, the City of Ontario was granted $1M from the Kaiser Permanente Healthy Eating Active Living (HEAL) Zone initiative. Huerta del Valle was granted $68,000 from that grant for a three-year project to increase the scale of operation. The city of Ontario supported the project above and beyond the grant by providing a vacant piece of land next to a residential park and community center. Alonso says that this spot, nestled near an international airport, two major interstate highways, suburban homes, and warehouses, is a âgreen space to breathe freely.â
She far exceeded Kaiser's expectations by creating 60 10â X 20â plots that are in full use by the nearby residents. Because of the demand, there is a constant waiting list for plots that become available.
As the organization grew, it learned about the NRCS through an advertisement for the high-tunnel season extension cost-sharing program. The ad put them in touch with the former district manager Kim Lary who helped Huerta del Valle become federal grant ready with their Data Universal Numbering System (DUNS) and System for Award Management (SAM) registrations and connected the young organization to NRCS as well as the Inland Empire Resource Conservation District (IERCD.) Since then, Alonso has worked closely with them sharing her knowledge with a broader community including local colleges such as the Claremont Colleges and California State Polytechnic University, Pomona (Cal Poly Pomona).
Cal Poly Pomona is an example where education institutions help the community. Cal Poly Pomona Plant Science Nursery Manager Monica Salembier has produced plant seedlings (plant trays) for transplant at HdV for many years. Aaron Fox and Eileen Cullen in the Plant Science department have hosted HdV in their classes and brought many groups on tours of the farm to learn about sustainable urban growing practices.
The shaded picnic tables in the center of the garden have been the site of three USDA NRCS workshops for regional farmers, students, and visitors. The site also serves as a showcase for students and other producers who may need help with obtaining low-emission tractors, micro-irrigation, and high tunnel âhoop houses.â
Alonso says, âevery day is a good day, but especially at the monthly community meetings where I learn from my community.â
For more information, please see www.usda.gov and www.nal.usda.gov/afsic/community-supported-agriculture
Farm Production and Conservation (FPAC) is the Departmentâs focal point for the nationâs farmers and ranchers and other stewards of private agricultural lands and non-industrial private forest lands. FPAC agencies implement programs designed to mitigate the significant risks of farming through crop insurance services, conservation programs, and technical assistance, and commodity, lending, and disaster programs.
The agencies and service supporting FPAC are Farm Service Agency (FSA), Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), and Risk Management Agency (RMA).
Natural Resources Conservation Service has a proud history of supporting Americaâs farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners. For more than 80 years, we have helped people make investments in their operations and local communities to keep working lands working, boost rural economies, increase the competitiveness of American agriculture, and improve the quality of our air, water, soil, and habitat.
As the USDAâs primary private lands conservation agency, we generate, manage, and share the data, technology, and standards that enable partners and policymakers to make decisions informed by objective, reliable science.
And through one-on-one, personalized advice, we work voluntarily with producers and communities to find the best solutions to meet their unique conservation and business goals. By doing so, we help ensure the health of our natural resources and the long-term sustainability of American agriculture.
For more information, please see www.usda.gov.
USDA Photo by Lance Cheung.
Minus 20 degrees Celsius in the CIAT gene bank, part of the institution's Genetic Resources program.
Credit: ©2010CIAT/NeilPalmer
Please credit accordingly and leave a comment when you use a CIAT photo.
For more info: ciat-comunicaciones@cgiar.org
Colorado State University Warner College of Natural Resources graduates receive their diploma covers on the stage at the WCNR Fall 2015 Commencement Ceremony, December 18, 2015, in the Lory Student Center.
Bend, Ore. -- A group of 45 federal snow surveyors gathered in Bend Jan. 10 - 15, 2016 to train on measuring mountain snowpack and cold-weather survival. USDA's Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) hosts the Westwide Snow Survey training every year to support snow surveyors across 13 Western states.
“Often times our snow survey crews must traverse difficult mountain terrains to manually measure the snowpack in remote areas,” said Tony Tolsdorf, one of the organizers for this year’s training. “The Westwide Snow Survey training is absolutely essential to sustain our snow survey program. We ensure our people are prepared in the event of an emergency and keep them up-to-speed on the methods for measuring.”
Training topics included outdoor survival, mountain medicine, avalanche preparedness, a history of snow survey, shelter construction, methods of measurement, and more. Guest instructors included Brian Horner of Learn to Return Training based in Anchorage, Alaska and Nancy Pfeiffer of the Alaska Avalanche School also based in Anchorage.
Since its inception in 1935, USDA’s Snow Survey and Water Supply Forecasting Program has grown into a network of 1,185 manually-measured snow courses and 858 automated snow telemetry stations across 13 Western states, including Alaska. The program provides streamflow forecasts at 673 stream gages in the West. Data from the automated snow sites are available near real-time through an extensive web delivery system.
NRCS photos.
The Twenty-Ninth Session of WIPO's Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore (IGC) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from February 15 to February 19, 2016.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
Jennifer Morgan, Executive Director, Greenpeace International, Netherlands speaking during the Session: Restoring Ocean Resources at the Annual Meeting 2017 of the World Economic Forum in Davos, January 20, 2017
Copyright by World Economic Forum / Sikarin Thanachaiary
Delaware Natural Resources & Environmental Control
Chevrolet Tahoe
State Park Ranger
Picture Date: 09/08/2009
This picture was taken during the funeral procession for Patrolman Chad Spicer of the Georgetown Police Department in Delaware who was shot and killed in the line of duty.
Free tileable, high quality background images in size 512 x 1024px. Ideal for desktop wallpapers, graphic design, twitter, myspace and other purposes. If using for Twitter make sure you select the "tile background" checkbox when uploading.
Here's the link to download this image:
backgrounds.mysitemyway.com/free-background-image/29/webs...
The Twenty-Ninth Session of WIPO's Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore (IGC) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from February 15 to February 19, 2016.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
After visiting a few primary schools in Burkina Faso, I knew for sure our project is a must: I am here to build a digital library for schools, as a pilot project. The way is long until this same classroom will have the 4 laptops connected to the server in the director's office (of course there isn't Internet here), but in a school where the only books available are the educational manuals (and one dictionary for 500 students), it's worth trying...
U.S. Senator Cory Booker shakes hand with USDA Under Secretary for Natural Resources and Environment Dr. Homer Wilkes, April 12, 2023, in Newark, New Jersey. USDA Under Secretary for Natural Resources and Environment Dr. Homer Wilkes, U.S. Senator Cory Booker and White House Senior Advisor for Clean Energy Innovation and Implementation John Podesta announced historic funding through President Biden’s Investing in America agenda to expand access to urban nature, combat the climate crisis, and advance environmental justice, after meeting with local and state stake holders.
The funding announced that day is part of a $1.5 billion investment in the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Forest Service Urban and Community Forestry Program from President Biden’s Inflation Reduction Act. The grant funding is available to community-based organizations, tribes, municipal and state governments, nonprofit partners, universities, and other eligible entities as they work to increase tree cover in urban spaces and boost equitable access to nature while bolstering resilience to extreme heat, storm-induced flooding, and other climate impacts. This historic level of investment will enable the Forest Service to support projects to improve public health, increase access to nature, and deliver real economic and ecological benefits to cities, towns and tribal communities across the country. (USDA photo by Christophe Paul)
Marco Lambertini, Director-General, WWF International, Switzerland speaking during the Session: Restoring Ocean Resources at the Annual Meeting 2017 of the World Economic Forum in Davos, January 20, 2017
Copyright by World Economic Forum / Sikarin Thanachaiary
Bend, Ore. -- A group of 45 federal snow surveyors gathered in Bend Jan. 10 - 15, 2016 to train on measuring mountain snowpack and cold-weather survival. USDA's Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) hosts the Westwide Snow Survey training every year to support snow surveyors across 13 Western states.
“Often times our snow survey crews must traverse difficult mountain terrains to manually measure the snowpack in remote areas,” said Tony Tolsdorf, one of the organizers for this year’s training. “The Westwide Snow Survey training is absolutely essential to sustain our snow survey program. We ensure our people are prepared in the event of an emergency and keep them up-to-speed on the methods for measuring.”
Training topics included outdoor survival, mountain medicine, avalanche preparedness, a history of snow survey, shelter construction, methods of measurement, and more. Guest instructors included Brian Horner of Learn to Return Training based in Anchorage, Alaska and Nancy Pfeiffer of the Alaska Avalanche School also based in Anchorage.
Since its inception in 1935, USDA’s Snow Survey and Water Supply Forecasting Program has grown into a network of 1,185 manually-measured snow courses and 858 automated snow telemetry stations across 13 Western states, including Alaska. The program provides streamflow forecasts at 673 stream gages in the West. Data from the automated snow sites are available near real-time through an extensive web delivery system.
NRCS photos.
*GRAND ACHIEVEMENT OF sasrai-Movement*
**
*Dear Madam/Sir*
**
Greetings from *sasrai-Movement *that works voluntarily since 2004 across
the globe aimed at promote prudent and sustainable consumption and
conservation, optimum use and reduce the abuse of resources. sasrai target
to animate, activate each individual, family, community, institution,
organization to combat Climate Change, global warming, food, fuel and water
security, poverty, disaster, waste, ecosystem and biodiversity etc, reverse
the devastating trend of globe.
Please be informed today May 26, 2013 Divisional Commissioner of Chittagong
served letter to DCs and heads of education administration office to ensure
MONTH LONG sasrai Banner hanging in observance of World Environment Day
2013 in each government office and education institution. May be this is
the first time in the history of Bangladesh government uphold own the
voluntary initiative.
We believe very soon our hon’able premier of Bangladesh Sheikh Hasina will
do same - pass government order to keep sasrai-Movement banner in each
government, non-government, business office and educational institution
must keep a sasrai Banner yearlong that translate green action for each and
every citizen irrespective of class, race, religion, cast, creed and
ethnicity.
We do believe UN will take initiative to have a decision like our hon’able
premier Sheikh Hasina for the globe. Cause *sasrai **ONLY THE PATH TO SAVE
THE PLANET EARTH, ONLY THE PATH TO Eliminate Racial Discrimination, END
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN, CHILDREN or whatever we say. sasrai ONLY THE PATH
TO END VULNEARABILITY, HUNGER, DISASTER, CLIMATE Threat**. **Each second,
minute, hour day needed to be spent considering earth, environment and
humanity.*
* *
*sasrai-Movement Volunteer waiting for that very golden moment.*
* *
*Hope the best, much love.***
Please relentless to voice from each corner across the globe
• Please, save a drop of water daily, during all water related
activities
• Please, plant at least a Native tree annually at own home or
community
• Please, keep off electric appliances one minute daily
• Please, suspend travel by personal car once a day
• Please, keep a day in a week luxury free
• Please, do not throw away the waste wherever you like
• Please, No more junk food
• Please, save one minute to think on Climate Change and
Environment
• You Can Reduce CO2 Emissions, Plant Native Trees Worldwide
• You could uphold the movement instantly using sasrai-Movement
appeal at the bottom of your all printed material
Let's we try to save one Taka/dollar/pound/yen ........from our daily use,
consumption, expenditure, LUXURY combat the CLIMATE CHANGE, GLOBAL WARMING
and the sequences.
www.facebook.com/sasraiMovement.2004
sasrai.wordpress.com/sasrai-movement/
www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=8450962401
www.facebook.com/Pallipathagar
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Priyoithu
Let's be a desired friend to all creature, humanity, environment, earth
Plant for planet, water for world, environment for entire
sasrai – sustainable augmentation, solicited restraint, animated integrity
Please send us your suggestion, comment via email:
sasraiMovement@groups.facebook.com
*evm‡hvM¨ c„w_exi Rb¨ GKUzKz euvPvB, AvM‡j ivwL, RvwM‡q Zzwj, msi¶Y Kwi*
AIMED AT SUSTAINABLE LIVING, ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE
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The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) announced that
2012 was the hottest year on record for the United States. It was also the
second most extreme, weather-wise, and nearly twice the average. NOAA
confirmed that this pattern will worsen if climate change continues
unabated.
IPS - Special Issue on COP18 Doha Climate Change Conference 29 Nov, Dec 07,
2012 - state that unsustainable human consumption and production systems
are driving changes in average temperatures and weather patterns,
"abnormal" is increasingly becoming the norm.
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Participants capture during the Session: Restoring Ocean Resources at the Annual Meeting 2017 of the World Economic Forum in Davos, January 20, 2017
Copyright by World Economic Forum / Sikarin Thanachaiary
David Kimbrough
July 12 at 10:29 PM ·
Los Angeles Harbor - 1913
As a colonial city, Los Angeles had long been a small and un-prosperous place. The Spanish, Mexican, and American governments had struggled to get non-indigenous people from afar to move to the area. They all wanted the area to grow economically, and it was a given that such an enterprise depended on bringing in new people. One of the difficulties was that Los Angeles was quite isolated from the world economy (globalization is nothing new). First, there were limited opportunities for investment; the location was dry and hot a good part of the year, so that agricultural activities would be difficult. There were few known local mineral resources. More importantly, overland travel was probably long, arduous, expensive, and dangerous whether one started in Spain, Mexico, or the United States. Sea travel was not much better both because of the tremendous distances and because there was no natural harbor. Los Angeles remained a small, backwater, provincial "Dogtown" for many decades.
It was the cattle and sheep raising that started a change. Local interests produced hides that could be exported. American trading and whaling ships began stopping by the "Bay of Smoke" south of Los Angeles to trade for hides and other goods. Strictly speaking, this was illegal as the Spanish government had outlawed trade with any ships other than Spanish. The first American trading ship to call by Rattle Snake Island by the mouth of what would be the mouth of the Los Angeles River was the Lelia Bryd in 1805. Because of the distance between Madrid and Mexico City and lax enforcement of regulations, trade with foreign ships thrived. In 1822 a newly independent Mexican government removed the Spanish restrictions on trade, and business boomed in the harbor. Many more people began moving to Los Angeles in general but also to the port area between El Rancho Los Palos Verdes and El Rancho San Pedro.
When California was conquered, and Los Angeles became a part of the United States, things began to change. For centuries, the Spanish had operated routes through the Isthmus of Panama, unloading ships on one coast, carrying the cargo across the mountains and jungles by both trails by cones on rivers, and then reloading the cargo on another ship on the other coast. A journey not for the faint of heart. Of course, taking a tail sailing ship "around the cape" was an alternate but deciding which route was more perilous was a complicated calculation. The gold rush of 1849 produced a vast migration of people with money to California. Moving and provisioning those people quickly turned into a big and profitable business. In 1850 a railroad was begun to cross the Isthmus of Panama. With its completion, trade between the United States and its newest state bloomed. Phineas Banning made his way to the small fishing village of San Pedro.
Business boomed in Los Angeles and its southern neighbor San Pedro. Fruits, meat, hides, and other locally produced goods were shipped north to support the gold mines and cities of Northern California at exorbitant prices. Many fortunes were made, and the harbor was vital. The term "harbor" was something of a misnomer for quite some time. There was not much in the way of quays, docks, or warehouses. Ships could stay far out at anchor and have their goods and passengers lightered to shore, a slow and costly process. Alternatively, they could beach themselves in the mud. Neither approach was desirable. Additionally, there was only limited protection from waves and storms. Dead Man Island and Rattlesnake Island provided some protection for leeward ships from winds and waves, but it was small beer.
Phineas Banning developed a stage and trade company, running a fleet of stagecoaches from San Pedro to Los Angeles, Yuma, Salt Lake City, and other locations. He would later build the first railroad in Los Angeles, which ran to San Pedro. The next big change was when Phineas Banning (like the high school my mother attended) dredged the channel in the harbor, allowing deep-water vessels to enter much further inland, where real docks could be built, and greater protection from storms could be found. The combination of a seaport and rail head proved particularly profitable. So much so that others wanted to get into the business. Harry Huntington, of Pacific Electric fame, and the Southern Pacific Railroad (SP) decided to build their own port. They built an enormously long wharf at Santa Monica, which ran almost a mile (4,700 feet) out into the Pacific Ocean. SP ran a train from Los Angeles to Santa Monica and then straight out to the Long Wharf. This pier was supposedly the longest wharf in the world. It became something of a tourist attraction in its own right. Nonetheless, it had an enormous disadvantage; it did not protect ships from waves and wind. A ship docked at the Long Wharf could be tossed about as if it were at sea. This situation was a significant problem; there was no protection for ships in anchorage from the elements.
In the 1890s, an intense battle was being fought over the future of the Los Angeles Harbor. The supporters of San Pedro, including the City of Los Angeles, the sons of Phineas Banning, and the Cities of Wilmington and San Pedro, as well as many others, wanted to have the harbors at San Pedro and Wilmington be declared the official "Port of Los Angeles." Harry Huntington and the SP likewise wanted Santa Monica and the Long Wharf to be declared The Port of Los Angeles. Only one could be so declared. Moreover, and perhaps more to the point, only one could get federal funding to expand and modernize. While the SP and PE were both very politically connected and powerful, probably more so than the supporters of San Pedro, the severe technical limitations of the Long Wharf proved fatal.
Further, as well as the fact that the harbor in San Pedro would be publicly owned and operated, while the port at Santa Monica would be very privately owned. In the end, the naked political power of the Santa Monica port supporters could not overcome the technical and organizational superiority of the San Pedro port. The United States Congress declared San Pedro Bay as the official port for Los Angeles in 1897. The official funding for the construction of the port of Los Angeles in San Pedro, with a particular emphasis on the construction of the massive breakwater, was soon to be followed. In short order, the City of Los Angeles annexed the City of San Pedro and Wilmington, as well as the Shoestring Addition, to secure the city's hold on the port.
Once again, events in Panama changed to course of Los Angeles history. There had been talk for decades of building a canal through the Isthmus of Panama. A French company had attempted the effort in the 1890s, but the mountains and mosquitoes prevented their success. However, things began to change once the United States got into the picture, organizing a rebellion amongst Panamanians and securing a treaty to build the canal. Everyone realized that opening the Panama Canal would revolutionize the economics of California. Transport costs would drop dramatically, and exports of goods from California would skyrocket p, to say nothing of the import of people. The expected completion date was 1914. San Francisco was expected to be the biggest winner as it had the most well-developed harbor and transportation infrastructure, but Los Angeles was sure to profit as well. However, in 1906 San Francisco was hit by a colossal earthquake, destroying the business center and ruining its vast infrastructure. While the actual harbor facilities were not damaged, railroad infrastructure was severely damaged. As a result, considerable amounts of shipping traffic had to shift south to San Pedro. The Los Angeles Harbor, which had begun planning for expansion to accommodate new traffic from the Panama Canal, now had to speed up that process to handle the new business following the San Francisco Earthquake.
In 1913, the Los Angeles Harbor Commission produced a report on its modernization efforts. The report contained details and discussions of transportation economics, planning, and construction. The significant advantages of San Pedro over San Francisco travel times to more eastern locations were compared. It was all very dry and technical. However, there was another agenda. The opening of the Panama Canal was also to be a vast boom to tourism. In San Francisco, there was to be a World's Fair of epic proportions to celebrate both the canal's opening and the city's rebirth. In San Diego, there was the California Panama Exposition, a multi-year event comparable to the event in San Francisco. The massive campus at Balboa Park was built for this celebration. Los Angeles, however, hosted only minor events, partly because of the massive investments in the harbor at San Pedro. Los Angeles largely just piggybacked on the events in San Diego. While San Francisco and San Diego received the lion's share of publicity and tourism, Los Angeles secured its new status as the economic and political center of the state and San Pedro as the premier commercial port on the west coast.
Nonetheless, Los Angeles did what it could to benefit its tourism industry at this time. In the 1913 Harbor Commission report, there is a surprising number of photographs from other parts of Los Angeles with a definite eye toward local boosterism. I have copied many pictures from this report here, most of which are focused on the harbor and thus are in the San Pedro and Wilmington areas, but other very nice photographs further afield. There are photographs of DTLA, of course, but also "West Los Angeles" (as the area around USC was called in 1905), and even the "oil district" in Crown Hill and Echo Park. I have also included some photographs from the official program of the California Panama Exposition. Los Angeles' many public parks were prominently displayed, including Echo Park, Lafayette Park, East Lake Park, and Hollenbeck Park.
So enjoy the pictures and stories. There are several links below to the various official reports, programs, and related pages.
July 14, 2022
hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.$b41693
hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433110124421
www.kcet.org/.../how-santa-monica-almost-became-a...
One of the maybe two or three pictures I took during my nine day vacation to Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, Arizona, and Idaho.
The Red Desert of Wyoming is one of my favorite places I have ever seen.
Yet a lot of it will be used for oil and other resources. Here's a history of the Red Desert from Friends of the Red Desert
Chronology 1812-2007
1812 - Robert Stuart, a trapper employed by a West Coast trading post owned by John Jacob Astor, is the first known white man to cross South Pass and the western part of Red Desert.
1824 - Legendary mountain man Jedediah Smith crosses South Pass from the east along with several other trappers, "opening up" the Pass to future westward bound pioneers seeking a route over the Great Divide.
1825 – The first to travel the Cherokee Trail were a group of trappers of the Rocky Mountain Fur Company. Jim Bridger was among those trappers and he selected the route.
1843 – A party of Cherokee and whites traveled the Cherokee Trail by wagon and gave the trail its name. They were headed to California to seek gold.
1847 - Jim Bridger meets Latter Day Saints leader Brigham Young and a company of Mormon pioneers near the mouth of the Little Sandy area near present day Farson, advising the company of the route southward through the desert.
1857-58 - Lander Survey visited the Jack Morrow Hills.
1847-1869 – The Overland Trail was a paid stagecoach route, which meant stations were placed every 15 miles and a superintendent ready to supply coaches was placed every 250 miles. In 1865 it cost $150 per person to ride the trail one-way.
1862 - The Overland Trail moved south, following the route known as the Cherokee Trail.
1867 - South Pass Gold Rush -hundreds of mining claims staked in the Red Desert.
1868 – Wamsutter was settled as a stagecoach station for the railroad. It is now a center for oil and gas development.
1877 - Hayden Expedition passed through area, noting Steamboat Mountain's aspen grove and clear, flowing springs.
Early 1890s - Last wild bison killed by cowboys in the Red Desert.
1897 – George Ferris and Ed Haggarty found enough Copper, Silver and Gold in the Ferris Mountains to stake a mining claim. Eleven years later the Ferris-Haggarty Company collapsed when it was indicted for fraudulent stock sales.
1898 - Dr. Frank Dunham proposed in Recreation Magazine that the Red Desert be designated a winter game preserve.
1900 – Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid robbed the Union Pacific No. 3 train near Tipton, Wyoming of $50,000. They used the Haystack Mountains, now part of the Citizen’s Proposed Wilderness Study Area of Adobe Town, to store fresh horses so they could escape their pursuers.
1918 - Report of the Secretary of the Interior stated that the Red Desert/Great Divide Basin was so badly overgrazed that it would be lost if measures were not taken to spare it. (Tom Bell, personal article, 1988)
1935 – A mummy was found in the Pedro Mountains. At first it was thought to be evidence of the validity of Shoshone and Crow legends of the "little people." However, it was later found to be an infant with anencephaly, a congenital abnormality that warped the proportions of the mummy’s skull.
1935 - Wyoming Governor Leslie Miller unsuccessfully attempts to designate a portion of the Red Desert as part of a larger "Western Trails" national park.
1950s - Uranium boom sweeps across Wyoming, thousands of claims staked in the Red Desert.
1950 - Congress expands Grand Teton National Park by combining it with Jackson Hole National Monument. Same legislation forbids creation or extension of national parks or monuments in Wyoming without express authorization of the Congress.
1961 - The Park Service requests Congress to designate most of the Red Desert (western part of the Great Divide Basin) a National Monument. The plan centered on the Boar's Tusk, Steamboat Mountain and the Sand Dunes.
1968 - Tom Bell unsuccessfully attempts to get the Red Desert declared as a North American Antelope Range.
1960s - Unsuccessful attempt to declare the Red Desert as a Wild Horse Refuge (exact date unclear).
1992 - BLM issues draft Green River Resource Area RMP/EIS. Public comment strongly favors special protection for Red Desert.
1994 - Wyoming Wilderness Association, a coalition of Wyoming conservation organizations, including WOC, presents to BLM a "Citizen's Wilderness Proposal for Wyoming BLM Lands." The proposal recommended that seven WSAs within the Red Desert be enlarged and designated wilderness.
1997 - BLM issues Record of Decision and Green River Resource Management Plan which defers decisions on fluid mineral and locatable mineral decisions for 88,000-acre core area surrounding Steamboat Mountain pending preparation of Jack Morrow Hills Coordinated Activity Plan (JMHCAP).
February, 1998 - BLM issues Notice of Intent to Prepare a Coordinated Activity Plan for the Jack Morrow Hills Area.
June, 1998 - BLM offers oil and gas leases in Jack Morrow Hills CAP area; WOC protests.
July, 1998 - BLM halts all oil and gas leasing in JMHCAP.
September, 2000 - Over 12,000 comments - the largest number ever received by Wyoming BLM for one planning project - are submitted in response to the BLM's draft EIS on the JMHCAP. About 93% of the comments advocated adoption of the Citizens' Red Desert Protection Alternative endorsed by over one hundred conservation groups, businesses and ranches that would prohibit any additional oil and gas leasing and development in the Jack Morrow Hills. An additional number advocated more protection for the Jack Morrow Hills than provided by any of the BLM proposed alternatives.
November, 15, 2000 - Secretary of the Interior Bruce Babbitt visits the Red Desert and in a meeting in Lander directs the BLM to engage in a supplemental EIS process wherein they will propose, and choose as the preferred alternative a conservation alternative, while honoring oil and gas leases in the area.
June 23, 2001 - The Wilderness Society, WOC, the Wyoming Chapter of the Sierra Club and Biodiversity Associates announce plans to win National Conservation Area designation for the Red Desert. Such designation would be made by Congress and would ideally provide for the protection of the Jack Morrow Hills Area in addition to other treasures throughout the greater Red Desert.
September, 2001 - The Bush Administration partially overturns Babbitt's conservation directive, indicating that a conservation alternative will not necessarily be chosen in the supplemental plan as a preferred action. However, the administration does agree that a supplemental draft plan should be crafted with a wide range of alternatives, including a conservation alternative and a preservation alternative.
February, 2003 - Supplemental Draft Plan for Jack Morrow Hills study area released. BLM calls for expanding oil and gas development in Red Desert. Agency fails to provide a range of alternatives in the plan as required by law.
May 23, 2003 - Public comment period closes on Jack Morrow Hills' supplemental plan. BLM receives nearly 70,000 comments, most in favor of greater protections. 80% of the citizens at public hearings testify in support of the Citizens’ Wildlife and Wildlands Alternative or increased conservation measures.
July 2004 – BLM final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) for the Jack Morrow Hills emphasizes oil, gas and coalbed methane development and fails to adequately protect wildlife habitat, cultural sites and the open spaces that Wyoming citizens hold dear in one of the wildest corners of the Red Desert. Approximately 1,000 protests were sent into the BLM, demonstrating the public’s continued desire to protect portions of the Red Desert and keep large areas of land undeveloped.
July 2005 – We are awaiting the Final Record of Decision or ROD to be released; this is the FINAL plan that will dictate how the Jack Morrow Hills is managed. This plan was supposed to be released in the spring of 2005; however, it has been delayed until some time this fall. FRD hopes that the deluge of comments has caused the Bureau of Land Management to make changes to their plan that will reflect the public’s concerns, protect this essential area, and manage for multiple uses.
July 2006 - On July 20, 2006, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Rock Springs field office released the Record of Decision (ROD) for the Jack Morrow Hills (JMH). The ROD calls for a minimum of 255 wells (205 natural gas and 55 coalbed methane wells) to be drilled. The public asked for no new oil and gas development; therefore, the BLM didn’t adequately respond to the public’s desire to protect the Jack Morrow Hills. Friends of the Red Desert wants long term protection for this area, which is a hub of all our special values and interests, and to accomplish our goal we are pushing for a National Conservation Area (NCA) designation.
Work as part of CIAT's Genetic resources program.
Credit: ©2010CIAT/NeilPalmer
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Representatives from Lumen Learning support faculty from across the state to reduce textbook costs by incorporating open educational resources (OER) into their classroom. The session was part of a Hewlett Foundation grant project based at the University of Mississippi. The project saved Mississippi students more than $120,000 in the fall semester alone. Photo by Kevin Bain/Ole Miss Communications
Willow Grove Day Camp in Willow Grove, PA has great swimming facilities for kids of all ages. With over 40 acres of land our facilities have 4 heated swimming pools and a large wading pool. Swimming is a summer activity for all children. Not only does it keep our campers cool on the hot days it is also a great resource for exercise.
Through out the summer we host a number of different pool activities. We have swimming contest, we play pool basketball and so much more. One of the kids favorite water game is our Water World. We setup a giant blow up apparatus for the kids to climb on.
We have campers coming from all over the area. We serve the Philadelphia, Willow Grove, Huntingdon Valley, Jenkintown, Hatboro, Horsham, and Abington areas.
For more information on the activities and resources our summer day camp has to offer for kids of all ages please visit our website at: willowgrovedaycamp.com/