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Erik Törner is a Tibet analyst from IM who last visited Tibet in January 2011.
”It was a cold time, hardly no tourists visit Tibet in winter time. On the other hand, as it is too cold to work for both farmers and nomads, they traditionally have a month of and go on pilgrimage. Thereby, all sights where filled with Tibetans, mostly from the countryside.
Dressed up for the occasion, and very curious to meet Westerners, they made it worth sleeping without heat or electricity in below zero temperatures.”
Photo and copyright: Erik Törner, IM Individuell Människohjälp www.manniskohjalp.se
Contact IMs Erik Törner for permissions. Email erik.torner(at)manniskohjalp.se
IM is a Swedish aid organization fighting and exposing poverty and exclusion. IM makes long-term commitments together with local partners, in promoting health, education and income generation. Our efforts are aimed at empowering people and each new project starts off on a small scale.
IMs Photo Archive (IMs Bildarkiv) can always be found at www.flickr.com/IMsbildarkiv
Native, warm season, perennial herb with prostrate or twining branches. Has an unpleasant odour like fish-based plant fertiliser when crushed. Leaves are alternate, stalked, broad-triangular, hastate and to 5 cm long. Flowerheads are or reduced to axillary clusters. Flowers are small and bisexual, with 5 perianth segments and 1 or 2 stamens. Fruit are dry at maturity. Flowering is in summer and autumn. Grows in grassy woodlands and sclerophyll forests. A very fast coloniser of bare or disturbed sites following summer rainfall. Useful as a stabiliser of bare soils.
Introduced, cool-season annual, stemless or short-stemmed herb to 30 cm tall. Leaves form a prostrate rosette to 50 cm in diameter; they are spear shaped, serrated, deeply lobed; upper surface hairless to hairy; lower surface white felted. Flowerheads occur on unbranched peduncles. Ray florets are yellow, ligulate and sterile; disc florets are dark, tubular and bisexual. Germinates in autumn/winter; flowers in spring. A native of South Africa, it is strongly competitive weed of crops, pastures, lawns and disturbed areas (e.g. roadsides). Prefers lighter textured soils of reasonable fertility and where there is a lack of competition. Grazed by stock, but is of lower value than many good pasture species. Can cause nitrate poisoning in sheep and cattle on high fertility soils; taints milk; causes allergic skin reaction in horses and donkeys. Best managed using a number of methods: competition, grazing, mechanical, herbicides. Maintain dense, vigorous pastures and minimise soil disturbance. Needs to be controlled in year prior to sowing pastures; control is easiest at the seedling stage. Combined knockdown herbicides prior to sowing, selective post-sowing herbicides or manuring of crops and pastures can be highly effective for control.
P1000938
Situated in the Basque Country (Euskal Herria) in Northern Spain, in the Pyrennean foothills, this is San Ignacio de Loyola Country, for the Saint himself is reputed to have came here to prostrate himself in front of the statue of the Virgin Mary pointing the way to Aranzazu.
But before this became a shrine, the building was intended as a fortress, guarding a strategic mountain pass.
The choice for the location of the original fortress was purely defensive, as it commanded views over four provinces. Its purpose was to stem off invaders using the roads in the valley below, along the rivers Alto Urola and Oria. This military function is reflected both in the size (30 x 20 metres, too large for a chapel), thickness of the tower walls as well as in the small openings for the use of arms. The original plan provided in time of crisis, for a shelter for animals, on the ground level and for people accommodation on the first floor.
The origin of this structure is steeped in the legends of Basque Mythology, when giants threw huge rocks from the top of the mountain to erect this building.
This belief has to do with the fact that the sandstone material is allochtonous and originates from some distance.
By the 14th and 15th centuries the military function had gradually diminished when the tower was adapted to became a chapel. From this period dates the late romanesque window and Calvary,
The first documentary mention of of Santa Maria Antigua de Zumarraga dates from 1366 from the time of King Henry Ii of Castille. A century later, in 1482, a hard-headed local Abbot, Don Martin de Gurruchaga, challenged in a Court of Law Queen Isabella the Catholic for willful neglect of this parish church of which she was a patron.
Abbot Don Martin was the first to start keeping a book recording Baptisms, well before the Council of Trent institutionalised it. The most famous entry of this book is that of the baptism in 1505 of a local boy who made good - Don Miguel Lopez de legazpi - the conqueror of the Phillipines.
The vaulted roof is supported by six stone columns. The roof timber work is spectacular and is decorated with early medieval patterns of typically Basque anthropomorphic and geometric motifs. Traces of painted decoration were also found on the timber. during the 1967 restoration work.
A copy o fthe calvary (seen above) is regarded sufficiently representative to have a cast displayed in the San Telma Fine Arts Museum in Donostia-San Sebastian.
The church is still consecrated and mass is celebrated here the first Sunday of every month.
edited source of information - the Chapel's official visitor's flyer in English and French.
Prostrate hutchinsia (Hornungia procumbens), Mustard family (Brassicaceae).
Slopes south of Springdale, near Zion Nat. Park, Utah.
India, Bihar, Bodh Gaya, UNESCO World Heritage Site, Mahabodhi Temple Complex (Great Awakening Temple), Buddhist temple where Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha, attained enlightenment, pilgrims praying and prostrating themselves
(c) Art in All of Us /Anthony Asael (a Corbis photographer)
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Diocese of Phoenix ordains first auxiliary bishop
By Andrew Junker | July 20, 2010 | The Catholic Sun
AVONDALE — Eduardo Alanís Nevares was ordained a bishop July 19 during a three-hour long Mass at St. Thomas Aquinas Parish. He will assist Bishop Thomas J. Olmsted and serve the Diocese of Phoenix as its first auxiliary bishop.
“I come with great faith and great trust,” Bishop Nevares said after the Mass. “I’m going to go around preaching the Gospel to everyone.”
The day was historic for the diocese not only because Bishop Nevares is its first auxiliary bishop, but also because he is its first Hispanic bishop. In light of the recent immigration law SB 1070, many have seen the bishop’s appointment as heaven-sent — a fact he alluded to after Mass.
Describing himself as a “bridge person” who can draw people together, Bishop Nevares said the timing of his new assignment is something “providential.”
“I will help Bishop Olmsted,”Bishop Nevares said. “He has asked especially that I animate the Hispanic community and raise up men and women to the priesthood and religious life.”
At the same time, the newly ordained bishop stressed that he will not just be a bishop for Hispanic Catholics.
“He’s here to serve everybody,” said Jose Robles, director of Hispanic Ministry for the diocese.
During the Mass, Bishop Nevares was greeted by a number of different local ethnic groups, including Chinese, Korean, Sudanese, Tongan, Native American and more.
“I must admit that now I know I am not in Tyler,” the bishop joked about his previous diocese in east Texas after the procession ended. “I’ve never been greeted by so many beautiful ethnic groups.”
During his homily, Bishop Olmsted encouraged his new auxiliary to view his office as one of service, not of prestige.
“It is our privilege and our duty to serve and not to be served, to put others’ needs ahead of our own, and to resist all temptations to lord it over anyone,” Bishop Olmsted said.
“This is the example that the Lord Jesus left for us, when he washed the feet of the Apostles, and then said to them, ‘What I just did was to give you an example: as I have done, so you must do,’” he said.
Bishop Olmsted also emphasized the need for a bishop to live without fear, and quoted the famous Polish Cardinal Wyszynski who said, “Lack of courage in a bishop is the beginning of a disaster.”
“It is our honor and privilege, as well as our first obligation, to make known the Gospel of Christ in all its purity and integrity,” he said.
After the homily, Bishop Nevares knelt before Bishop Olmsted while two deacons held the Book of Gospels over his head. Bishop Olmsted then anointed Bishop Nevares’ forehead with oil. Finally, more than 20 visiting bishops — including Cardinal Roger Mahoney of Los Angeles — laid their hands on the new bishop’s head and prayed for him.
At one part during the Mass, the soon to be ordained bishop lay prostrate in front of the altar while the congregation chanted the Litany of Saints, an emotional and profound moment for him.
“God, here’s my life. It’s for you,” Bishop Nevares described his thoughts during the liturgy.
A number of priests, friends and family from Texas attended the ordination. Bishop Olmsted credited the Nevares family a number of times during Mass for supporting Bishop Nevares’ vocation. He said he looked forward to their future visits to the Valley.
“Nuestra casa es su casa,” the bishop said.
Bishop Nevares’ parents were Mexican immigrants who came to the United States while he was in the womb. Born and raised in Houston, the 11-year-old future bishop was inspired by a visiting missionary who talked of his work in Madagascar.
As a teenager, he attended a junior seminary for the Missionaries of Our Lady of La Salette, into whose order he was ordained a priest in 1981. In 2007, he was incardinated into the Diocese of Tyler, where he had been serving for years.
Known for his outreach to Hispanics, Bishop Nevares formed the area’s first Spanish-speaking program to train men to be permanent deacons.
It’s this reputation that has excited so many local Hispanics since learning of his appointment in Phoenix.
“We have someone like ourselves in this position. We can identify with him,” said Manuel Torres Caballero, a parishioner at St. Martin de Porres. “We feel that also with our Bishop Olmsted, because he speaks Spanish, but with Bishop Nevares, we get something else. I don’t know how to describe it.”
Caballero said it’s a difficult and fraught time for Hispanics locally and Bishop Nevares’ ordination provides some joy and hope.
“We feel hope in a difficult time, joy and happiness,” he said. “We feel supported."
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Good Friday is the sorrowful day of the commemoration of the Passion and Death of Our Lord. Mass is not celebrated, but in the afternoon (usually about 3 PM, the time of the Lord's death) there takes place the solemn Passion Liturgy.
The organ and bells are not used, the procession proceeds to the stripped altar in silence and the priest prostrates himself on the floor in a meaningful gesture of grief and contrition. The Passion narrative from the Gospel is chanted, and then the Crucifix is exposed as the priests sings three times: 'ecce Lingum Crucis in quo salus mundi pependit'- 'behold the Wood of the Cross in which hung the Salvation of the world'. The priest, having taken off his shoes, genuflects three times and adores the Crucifix with a kiss. Then the people follow his example.
After that the Blessed Sacrament is taken from the Repository and the congregation receives the Eucharist (this ancient rite is called the Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts), partaking of the Body of the Lord which had been sacrificed for them on that first Good Friday.
After Communion, the Blessed Sacrament is removed from the church, which represents Christ's death. The people then pray in front of the Lord's Tomb, meditating on His sorrowful Passion and Death.
Introduced, warm-season, perennial, prostrate to erect, woody herb or shrub to 1 m tall. Stems are reddish, hairless, with weak opposite longitudinal ridges; they arise from rhizomes or woody crowns. Leaves are opposite, sessile, hairless, to 3 cm long and have many translucent dots (oil glands) that are easily seen when held to the light. Flowerheads are panicles or corymbose cymes. Flowers are numerous and 15-20 mm wide. Petals are yellow and have black glands on their edges. Styles are 3-branched. Fruit are sticky 3-valved capsules, 5 to 10 mm long. Flowers in late spring and summer. Found in neglected pastures, sparse bushland and disturbed areas. Tiny seeds spread by water and in soil, hay and livestock. Sticky fruits adhere to animals; long runners spread from crowns. Causes photosensitisation and numerous other disorders in livestock; animals tend to recover once removed. Established plants are very competitive and are best controlled by herbicides or, if suitable, by cultivation. Introduced insect (Chrysolina beetles) and mite (St John’s wort mite ) predators provide good levels of control in many areas. Promote dense, healthy pastures to compete with seedlings, which are not robust.
Dorycnium pentaphyllum ssp. germanicum (Gremli) Gams, syn.: Dorycnium germanicum (Gremli) Rikli, Dorycnium sericeum(Neilr.) Borbàs, Lotus dorycnium L.
Family: Fabaceae
EN: Prostrate Canary Clover, DE: Seiden-Backenklee, Deutscher Backenklee
Slo.: malocvetna španska detelja
Dat.: June 17. 2008
Lat.: 45.81838 Long.: 13.60392
Code: Bot_0273/2008_DSC9717
Habitat: stony grassland partly overgrown with bushes and scattered trees; moderately steep mountain slope, south aspect; calcareous ground; warm, dry, sunny, open place elevation 130 m (430 feet); average precipitations 1.500-1.600 mm/year, average temperature 12-13 deg C, Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region.
Substratum: skeletal soil.
Place: Next to the trail from village Sela na Krasu to border crossing Klariči between Slovenia and Italy; west of village Brestovica pri Komnu, Brestoviški dol, Primorska, Slovenia EC.
Comment: The clover Dorycnium pentaphyllum ssp. germanicum is mainly distributed around Mediterranean Sea, mostly in the European southeast part of the region. The plant is often treated on species level (Ref.:3 ) as Dorycnium germanicum. Flora Europaea, Euro+Med Plantbase and IUCN use the proposed name (subspecies level), local floras mostly use the name Dorycnium germanicum.
In Slovenia only two species of genus Dorycnium are known, the alternative taxon being Dorycnium herbaceum Will., which is distinctively taller and different from Dorycnium pentaphyllum ssp. germanicum (Ref.:3). So, the determination of these pictures seems quite reliable but the naming remains an open question.
Ref.:
(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora für Österreich, Liechtenstein und Südtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 571.
(2) A. Martinči et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnična Založba Slovenije (2007), p 308.
(3) K. Janša, Revision of the genus Dorycnium in Slovenia (in Slovenian), Graduation thesis at the University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Biology dep. (2008).
Introduced, warm season, perennial, prostrate herb to 60 cm tall. Leaves and stems are hairy with glandular and non-glandular hairs. Leaves are alternate, lanceolate, deeply veined and stem clasping. Blue to mauve tubular flowers (with yellow stamens and throat) arranged caterpillar-like in 2 rows on one side of the flowering stem (scirpoid cyme). Flowers most of the year, but not in winter in southern areas. Grows on a wide range of soil types. Predominantly in areas that receive at least 50% of average annual rainfall in summer. It is mostly a problem of run down pasture and disturbed areas such as cropping paddocks, roadsides and waste land. Regenerates from seed and vegetatively from pieces of plant and roots. It is spread by water, fur of animals and in the gut of animals. A weed which is toxic to animals, quite invasive and difficult to control. Causes chronic liver damage in cattle, sheep and horses; can be fatal. Cultivation encourages its spread by stimulating germination and regrowth of plant parts. Management requires an integrated approach including herbicides, productive pasture, grazing management and biological control. There has only been one biological control agent released in Australia, the blue heliotrope leaf-beetle. At high densities, leaf-beetles can completely defoliate blue heliotrope, with both the larvae and adults feeding on the leaves.
Introduced, warm season, annual or short-lived perennial, prostrate herb with reddish
stems to 80cm long and a woody taproot. Leaves consist of 4-8 pairs of leaflets (4-12mm long); leaflets are dark green above and silvery-grey below; hairs mostly restricted to the midrib and margins. Solitary flowers in the axils are small, bright yellow and 5-petalled. Fruit have 5 segments each bearing short hard spines. Flowers from spring to autumn. A weed in pastures and fallowed cropping country. Often found around sheds, laneways and roadsides. In urban areas it is regarded as a nuisance weed on footpaths and playing fields. It easily attaches to machinery, tyres, animals and shoes aiding its spread. The spiny fruit can cause vegetable fault in wool and lameness to stock. Becomes dominant when other vegetation is removed by fallows, droughts or overgrazing. Prevention of spread is the best control measure. Establish competitive pastures to outcompete catheads. A wide range of herbicides can be used. Grazing with cattle is preferred as photosensitisation, nitrate poisoning and staggers in sheep have been known to occur.
Introduced, warm-season, annual or biennial, mat-forming herb, with a deep taproot. Stems are prostrate, to 1 m long and arise from the one point. Branch leaves are about half the size of stem leaves; leaves are narrow-elliptic to narrow-ovate, 15–50 mm long, 3–15 mm wide and 4–5 times as long as wide.. Flowers are small (2.6-4 mm long), pink or white and solitary or in small clusters in the leaf axils. Flowering is from spring to autumn. A native of Europe, it is a weed of disturbed areas, particularly roadsides, wasteland, cropping paddocks, gateways and degraded pastures. An indicator of poor ground cover. Can form dense mats in newly sown pastures and is a weed of summer fallows or summer crops such as lucerne. Strongly competitive, it has vigorous seedlings with a strong tap root; mature plants inhibit the germination of many seedlings (allelopathic effect) particularly medic species. May be grazed by cattle and sheep, usually without a problem, but seeds can cause enteritis in all types of livestock; leaves occasionally cause dermatitis. Controlled with healthy vigorous pastures. Registered herbicides are available for control.
Introduced, warm-season, perennial, prostrate, climbing legume, with stolons. Leaves have 3 leaflets, each hairy, 1-9 cm long, round to ovate. The central leaflet has a longer stalk than the lateral leaflets. Leaf size varies with grazing pressure. Flowerheads are racemes of 2-5, blue, 5-9 mm long, pea-like flowers in the leaf axils. Pods are straight sided, narrow, flattened and 1-3 cm long. Flowering is in summer and autumn. A native of Africa, it is sown for grazing on wide
range of soils. Grows best on moist, fertile soils, but it will tolerate low fertility. It is tolerant of acidity, moderate levels of aluminium and light shade, but is sensitive to frost. Shaw is the only variety sown. Provides a good quality, high protein, non-bloating feed, it is of greatest value in late summer and autumn as the quality of pasture grasses declines. It is slow to establish and drought will kill it. Tolerates prolonged heavy grazing, but needs to be allowed to seed in the first and second year for longterm
persistence. Grazing pressure should be sufficient to produce a low leafy stand as undergrazed stands develop severe leaf disease.
Ridgefield In Ashes
By Edgar C. Bross
The Ridgefield Press, Thursday, Dec. 12, 1895 — All night long, Sunday December 8, 1895, the citizens of this town watched with feelings of consternation the spread of the biggest conflagration that ever swept through the village, and no adequate means were at hand to check the awful destruction which was the result of it.
A smouldering ruin, with thirteen business firms and several families without shelter, and nearly $100,000 worth of property destroyed, was the condition of things as the gray winter light dawned Monday morning. The entire community was saddened by the awful calamity which a night had brought forth; and, added to the general gloom, every able-bodied citizen had become so weary and sore and blistered, in the almost futile endeavor to check the spread of the fire, that the village was practically prostrate.
The business firms which suffered so seriously were with but few exceptions, composed of enterprising young men, who had engaged in business only a short time, older men having given way with the weight of years, and for this reason the burden is especially discouraging.
Notwithstanding, as will be seen later on, nearly all of the business firms have recovered from general paralysis, steps have been taken to at once resume in temporary quarters, and efforts will soon be made to build the burnt district.
There have been all sorts of stories as to the origin and discovery of the fire, and we have carefully sifted them, believing that the account given below is as accurate as can be gathered from any source, inasmuch as the parties interviewed were reliable eyewitnesses of the conflagration from 9 o’clock Sunday evening till nearly daybreak Monday morning.
Louis Joffee, Joseph Hartmann, and some other pedestrians in the vicinity, discovered smoke issuing from Bedient & Mead’s undertaking and furniture store at the hour mentioned above. They ran to Catoonah Street shouting fire, and were joined by Dr. W. E. Weed, who heard the alarm. Dr. Weed rushed upon the piazza of D. Francis Bedient’s residence and rang the bell vigorously, which brought Mr. Bedient to the door.
“You’re needed over to your store,” quietly announced the doctor. “'There’s something wrong.”
Mr. Bedient took in the situation, hastily put on his shoes — for he was just preparing to retire — and hurried to the scene of the fire. He opened the front double doors of the store with his keys, and endeavored to enter the burning building, but was immediately driven back by clouds of smoke and the intense heat. He immediately closed the door, remarking to a few people who had gathered that it was practically impossible to enter, and followed by Joseph Hartmann and others he went to the rear of the store, finally gaining entrance through a cellar door, at great peril, as a dense cloud of smoke rendered it almost impossible to grope his way about the dingy place.
Joseph Hartmann followed carrying a lantern. By aid of this light, Mr. Bedient found a hitching post with which he forced open a door to the stairs leading to the main store. On the stairway the draught had carried the smoke above, thus giving Mr. Bedient a brief respite from the suffocating heat and smoke and enabling him to reach the upper floor.
There he saw the fire burning naturally in the stove, and no flames near it, proving that the source of the fire was not the stove. Glancing hastily about, he discovered the stairway directly above the northeast corner of the store, adjacent to the wing of the building occupied by the Western Union Telegraph office. He gathered together a couple dozen pails and handed them outside to others, and ordered them to be filled. He secured enough water to quench the flames on the railing of the upper stairway, but the fire was gaining headway so rapidly beyond, he realized that such slight efforts to save the building would prove futile.
Almost exhausted, he managed to get outside the cellar door. By this time a large number of people had been attracted to the scene, and efforts were made to secure a number of ladders stored in the front of the cellar.
Mr. Bedient, Mr. Joseph Hartmann, and another man, whose name we failed to learn, crawled under the front porch. and succeeded in getting about a dozen ladders. Mr. Hartmann lost his way, groping blindly about, when Mr. Bedient went to his rescue, leading him to the door and into the open air, nearly exhausted from inhaling the hot air and thick smoke.
No further attempts were made to get into the building, with the exception of saving some oil barrels, tools, and a few other things near the door in the rear of the cellar.
By this time flames were issuing from the building, and in a few moments the whole block was enveloped in a mass of seething flames. It was less than half an hour later that the Western Union Telegraph office and Barhite & Valden’s big general store adjoining were burning fiercely.
Efforts were then directed toward saving the dwelling house occupied by Robert Wilson, adjoining Barhite & Valden’s, and the wind favoring, this was accomplished, but not without strenuous labor and remarkable courage on the part of several impromptu fire fighters.
Never before had Ridgefield experienced a bonfire so enormous or so destructive of property. The flames now wildly swept the entire row of frame structures, including Barhite & Valden’s, the telegraph office, and Bedient & Mead’s store, and onlookers held their breath as they saw that the loss of the Town Hall was inevitable.
The large frame block on the north side of Bailey Street occupied by Peter McGlynn, the hardware dealer, and Mrs. Susan Canfield, and George Rich above as a dwelling, was now in imminent danger. Almost simultaneously this building and the Town Hall caught fire, and the people were too dumbfounded to realize the awful ending of it all.
It was not later than ten o’clock when it was clear to everybody that the conflagration would last all night. Nothing could be done to save the buildings already on fire, and efforts were at once directed towards saving property of a portable nature in other buildings in imminent danger.
The Masonic Hall, occupied on the first floor by the office and plant of The Ridgefield Press and by the barber shop of E. S. Reynolds, and on the upper floor by the Masonic and Odd Fellows’ lodges, was only a few feet south of the Town Hall, and everything was carried from this structure possible to secure until the rescuers were driven away by the fierce heart.
The weight of the printing machinery, engine, and boiler, as well as the type was so great that it was impossible to save more than the desk, books, some of the newspaper files, the mailing list, and a few cases of type from the printing office, and as has already been mentioned elsewhere, we decided that it would be very disappointing to our readers did we fail to issue a paper this week with the full particulars. So all day Monday we telephoned, telegraphed, and planned to meet the emergency. Later in the day we were flooded with letters and telegrams of sympathy from our generous newspaper brethren, with offers of substantial aid, the result being a full account of the fire and on the day of publication. A history of our personal woes, with acknowledgments of kindness. appears elsewhere.
But to go on with the story proper. E.S. Reynolds, the barber succeeded in saving some of his stock, and number of lodge men carried valuables from the lodge rooms above to places of safety.
When the flames shot up over the Masonic Hall, someone thought of using dynamite to blow up this large building, hoping thus to collapse the structure and check the conflagration southward.
In the meantime the fire was making serious headway down the north side of Bailey Street, the blaze furiously consuming the McGlynn building and leaping across the street to the livery stable occupied by Hiram K. Scott, Jr., besides imperiling the low building in which is located the hardware store of J. W. Fogarty. The latter building was its own protection, inasmuch as the roof was tin and but one story high, consequently the flames rose high above, and the main danger was from sparks which constantly kept falling. Mr. Fogarty and his men watched carefully these flying pieces of fire, and with dippers of water were able to subdue them before great damage was done.
To save the Scott stable was not a task so easy. There were two high towers on either end to the front, and the building was so high throughout that it required the most heroic effort of all concerned to save the building from general ruin. It caught fire several times, and once it seemed almost impossible to check the blaze, but it was finally out of danger.
To return to the progress of the fire on Main Street. When the use of dynamite was suggested, persons were dispatched for the dangerous explosive, about a mile away from the disaster. On their return, the dynamite was found to be frozen, and before this could be thawed out the Masonic Hall was nearly in ruins.
Nevertheless, under the management of Ebenezer W. Keeler, the fuses were laid and the explosive sounded with a tremendous noise and effect, what remained of the burning building being blown into kindling wood. Visitors from 20 miles around, the following day, said they could hear this and the subsequent reports like a rumbling earthquake.
Notwithstanding this plan, the fire continued to rage and it was finally decided to blow up the residence of E.W. Hibbart’s next door to the south. Had this been done before the structure was in flames, it is generally believed that the buildings below could have been saved. But, of course, it was a serious question to settle, and no one would think of attaching the blame to those who had the matter in charge.
Mr. Hibbart’s house caught about 11 o'clock and then it was realized that nothing could save the adjoining market building, occupied by Hibbart & Sherwood, fish and vegetable dealers, Willis S. Gilbert, cigars and confectionery, and the central office of the Southern New England Telephone Company on the first floor, and Louis Joffee, the tailor, and Conrad Rockelein, the barber, on the second floor.
Everyone was breathlessly awaiting the arrival of the steam fire engine from Danbury at this time, but it failed to put in an appearance, though a message had been sent by telephone between 9 and 10 o’clock for assistance from the Danbury fire department. It was afterwards learned that the firemen would have started immediately for Ridgefield, but before the engine and hose could be taken from the city, it was necessary to receive permission from Mayor Rundle, and other preliminaries were imperative, besides the ordering of a special train through Superintendent Payne. This action consumed so much time that it was nearly 3 o’clock Monday morning before the special train carrying the firemen steamed into Ridgefield station, too late, of course, to be of service.
When the Hibbert & Sherwood block caught fire, the anxiety of the people lining the streets reached its highest tension, many gazing with tears glistening in their eyes, and wringing their hands in despair.
During the progress of the conflagration, sparks were flying across the street so thickly that it required constant vigilance to shield the hundreds of pieces of furniture and other goods which had been removed to the lawn of St. Stephen’s rectory, besides endangering many buildings on the west side of the street.
At this point in the disastrous progress of the fire, someone suggested that the little south wing, one story high, of Col. Hiram K. Scott’s block, used as the office of the town clerk, judge and clerk of probate, be torn down before the Scott building caught, thus securing if possible the limit of the conflagration southward with Col. Scott’s block. Willing hands were soon at work at this destruction, which was done in time to accomplish the desired object, but not until the main structure was enveloped in a mad blaze.
It was generally conceded that the fire raged more furiously on the Scott building than previously, but the wind had commenced to blow steadily from the northeast, and the impression became general that the probate office being razed, the end of the dreadful night’s havoc was in sight at last.
It was now nearly midnight, and the Scott building was a mass of flames, and men were fighting furiously to save the barns of E.W. Hibbart and Col. Scott, keeping the fire as far away as possible from the group of buildings to the southeast on Governor Street, including the Loder House, while other men were working vigorously in the attempt to save the Gage block adjacent to the Scott property, which constantly caught fire on the roof and under the eaves, great lurid flames shooting far over the endangered building.
This courageous action checked the destruction of property southward, but it was morning before the flames from the Hibbart & Sherwood and Scott buildings began to smoulder.
On the north side of the lower floor of the latter structure was located the pharmacy of Harvey P. Bissell, who also dwelt in the apartments above. He succeeded in saving a greater portion of his household effects, but lost his stock of goods.
As has been mentioned, in the south wing was the office of Town Clerk Scott. This having been demolished, the huge safe of the town was saved, and the furnishings, valuable papers, etc., were taken out. Col. Scott’s dwelling house adjoined his store directly in the rear. Besides himself and his wife, Mr. and Mrs. Hiram K. Scott, Jr. occupied the house, but all were successful in saving the main portion of their furniture and other goods.
It was not till 3 o'clock that the people realized it was safe to depart to their homes to gain a few hours’ sleep, and indeed, many stayed about the dying fire during the entire night, watching the goods that had been rescued from the flames, in order not only to save them from the sparks, but also from the hands of the petty thieves who were discovered pilfering small articles of value, and even large pieces of house furnishings. It will certainly go hard with these despicable creatures if caught by indignant citizens.
From two reliable sources we glean valuable information which would indicate that the origin of the fire may have been incendiary.
Among the first to discover smoke issuing from the Gage Block were James Halpin, John Quinlan, George Lane, Charles G. Fairchild, and Eli Burr. These were at the scene in time to notice the fire breaking out of the new bay window on the south, which Mr. Gage, had just had built in the room upstairs, used so long as a hall. James Halpin and Eli Burr broke in the side door leading upstairs to this hall, and discovered great volumes of smoke and flames burning in the room above, far away from any chimney stove, leading them to believe that the blaze was started either by a match thrown carelessly into some papers or shavings, or else it had been wilfully set afire. In conformation of the latter theory, a window was open on the north side of the building, near the rear of the telegraph office, which easily could have given admission to anyone villainously inclined, and diligent detective work will be done to ferret the the criminal — if such there be.
These young men did all they could to check the first flames but they found it impossible to check the rapid spread of the fire.
For a distance of nearly 1,000 feet in the heart of Main Street, and many feet east of Bailey and Catoonah Streets, the frame structures were constantly threatened with destruction. Among these were the Methodist parsonage and church, Henry Mead’s store, which caught fire at once; his barns; St. Mary's Church and sheds, the latter blazing at one time; M. B. Whitlock’s livery stable, which was on fire twice; the rectory, church, and barns of St. Stephen’s parish, all of which caught but were discovered in time; and it might be remarked here that possibly the entire west side of Main Street might also have been in ashes now, had it not been for the timely discovery of the venerable Mr. Brown, the father of Mrs. Ely. He found some inflammable articles blazing away in that outbuilding at a great rate and succeeded in extinguishing the flames.
Other houses and buildings menaced were the dwelling on the northeast corner of Main and Governor Street, occupied by Leonard L. Beckwith; the house next door to the east, in which lives Samuel Nicholas with his family; the Ridgefield library, the Loder house, already mentioned; the house owned by L. Beckwith and occupied by Nathan L. Rockwell and family; and the residence adjoining owned by William H. Beers.
There was little danger to the wooden store occupied by Frank S. Hurlbutt as a shoe store, and J. W. Benedict as a bakery. Neither of these thought it worth while to move out their stock of goods, though E. S. Reynolds, William Wilkinson, and J. W. Benedict, who lived with their families in the building, prepared for an emergency by packing up their household effects to be moved at short notice.
Monday morning dawned raw and cold, but this did not deter hundreds of people living in surrounding places from visiting the scene of the disaster, and relic hunters were anxious to secure mementoes of the fire. There were visitors present from Norwalk, Danbury, Bridgeport, and as far away as Stamford and New York to gaze on the ruins.
Besides these curious people, the town has been filled since Monday with drummers [salesmen], insurance adjusters, and all sorts of travelling men, called here in connection with the resumption of business.
In the meantime, the stores which are still in-tact are doing a rushing business, and everyone who was burned out has been eagerly looking for a suitable temporary shelter. For some time this has been a very difficult matter, but last night nearly every business concern was temporarily housed, or, had plans for continuing their business once more.
Introduced cool-season annual tufted grass to 100 cm tall. Juvenile growth is prostrate, but stems are mostly erect or with a bend near the base. Leaves are 3-8 mm wide and sparsely hairy or with hairs along the margins. Flowerheads are large open panicles. Spikelets are 18-30 mm long, with 2 glumes as long as the spikelet and 2-3 fertile florets. Lemmas are hairy in the lower half, terminate in 2 fine bristles 3-12 mm long and have a bent and twisted awn arising halfway along their back. Germinates from autumn to spring and flowers in late winter and spring. A native of the Mediterranean, it is a common weed of disturbed land such as roadsides and non-agricultural areas. An indicator of disturbance. Not a major weed of winter crops, unlike wild oats. Because of its distribution it rarely needs control, but the seed has a short viability and preventing seed set for 3-5 years will virtually eliminate it from the seedbank.
Introduced, cool-season annual, stemless or short-stemmed herb to 30 cm tall. Leaves form a prostrate rosette to 50 cm in diameter; they are spear shaped, serrated, deeply lobed; upper surface hairless to hairy; lower surface white felted. Flowerheads occur on unbranched peduncles. Ray florets are yellow, ligulate and sterile; disc florets are dark, tubular and bisexual. Germinates in autumn/winter; flowers in spring. A native of South Africa, it is strongly competitive weed of crops, pastures, lawns and disturbed areas (e.g. roadsides). Prefers lighter textured soils of reasonable fertility and where there is a lack of competition. Grazed by stock, but is of lower value than many good pasture species. Can cause nitrate poisoning in sheep and cattle on high fertility soils; taints milk; causes allergic skin reaction in horses and donkeys. Best managed using a number of methods: competition, grazing, mechanical, herbicides. Maintain dense, vigorous pastures and minimise soil disturbance. Needs to be controlled in year prior to sowing pastures; control is easiest at the seedling stage. Combined knockdown herbicides prior to sowing, selective post-sowing herbicides or manuring of crops and pastures can be highly effective for control.
Introduced, warm-season, short-lived perennial, prostrate to semi-erect legume with a shallow taproot. Leaves have 2 asymmetrical, obovate to rounded leaflets, each 12-35 mm long. Flowerheads consist of 1-2 flowers in the leaf axils,
each with 5 symmetrically arranged yellow petals. Pods are linear, flat, sparsely to very hairy and 35-40 mm long. Flowering is in the warmer months. A native of North and South America, it is sown for
grazing and naturalized in frost free areas. It is suited to free-draining, lower fertility, acid soils
and cannot tolerate heavy soils or waterlogging. Not
recommended for fertile soils. Frost can limit spread. Wynn is the only sown cultivar. Seeds germinate and establish quickly and plants can rapidly grow and spread. Produces good weight gains in cattle, but old stems
have low feed value. It has low palatability for cattle during the growing season and is not readily grazed until grass quality
has declined sufficiently in autumn. It is not grazed by horses. Grazing management should aim to limit selective grazing during the growing season and maintain plants in a low radiating growth habit. Short
duration heavy grazing with appropriate rest periods is best to achieve this. Grazing periods can be extended in winter in frost free areas when grasses
are dormant. In areas with heavy frosts grazing should occur before first frost to avoid total leaf loss. Continuous heavy grazing leads to a decline in companion grasses, dominance by round-leafed
cassia and invasion by weeds.
LOL, not a very inspiring photo, but I was fascinated when I saw the pattern on these extremely tiny slime molds,with their "weak and prostrate" stalks (thanks, Doug!). I would never find slime molds like this on my own. So many of them look no more than a very small, coloured "brush-stroke" on a rotting log. However, when I happen to be following the footsteps of friend, Doug (dougwaylett), I know I can be so lucky. I just don't know how he finds them, LOL. This is a supermacro of this almost-invisible-to-the-naked-eye slime mold. Seen on Rod Handfield's acreage, near Millarville, south west of Calgary.
Thanks to Doug (dougwaylett) for the ID: Badhamia utricularis!
Introduced, cool-season, annual, low-growing, hairless legume, with prostrate to ascending stems. Leaves have 3 leaflets, each oblong to round and 4-13 mm long. The central leaflet has a distinctly longer stalk than the lateral ones. Flowerheads are loose to somewhat dense hemispherical clusters (6-7 mm long) of 3-20 yellow pea-like flowers. Flowering is in spring. A native of Europe, it is found in pastures, woodlands, lawns and roadsides. Although it often occurs at reasonably high density in short pastures, productivity is low and it has a high proportion of stem to leaf. It is palatable and grows from autumn to early summer (very dependent on rainfall), but only produces useful amounts of feed in spring. Requires moist soil for growth, so tends to burn-off rapidly in late spring as temperatures rise and soil moisture often remains low. Growth increases with applied phosphorus as long as pastures are kept short in late winter and early spring, but the response is likely to be too small to be economic.
Asclepias solanoana Prostrate Milkweed or Serpentine Milkweed taken on Pine Flat Road, Sonoma County, California. These are the seed pods.
Introduced, warm-season, perennial, prostrate to erect, woody herb or shrub to 1 m tall. Stems are reddish, hairless, with weak opposite longitudinal ridges; they arise from rhizomes or woody crowns. Leaves are opposite, sessile, hairless, to 3 cm long and have many translucent dots (oil glands) that are easily seen when held to the light. Flowerheads are panicles or corymbose cymes. Flowers are numerous and 15-20 mm wide. Petals are yellow and have black glands on their edges. Styles are 3-branched. Fruit are sticky 3-valved capsules, 5 to 10 mm long. Flowers in late spring and summer. Found in neglected pastures, sparse bushland and disturbed areas. Tiny seeds spread by water and in soil, hay and livestock. Sticky fruits adhere to animals; long runners spread from crowns. Causes photosensitisation and numerous other disorders in livestock; animals tend to recover once removed. Established plants are very competitive and are best controlled by herbicides or, if suitable, by cultivation. Introduced insect (Chrysolina beetles) and mite (St John’s wort mite ) predators provide good levels of control in many areas. Promote dense, healthy pastures to compete with seedlings, which are not robust.
Anne Drury 1633 wife of Sir John Deane 1625 www.flickr.com/photos/52219527@N00/14428597446/ The monument by William Wright of Charing Cross was erected by her son Sir Dru Deane in 1634 who lies "prostrate at her feete".
"Let all time remember ye worthynes of ye Lady Deane who lived ye faithfull wife & died ye constant widow of Sir John Deane of Mapplested in ye county of Essex knight
Let no sorrowe forget that she departed this life on ye 25th of May 1633 of whome truth testifies. To whose beloved memory Dru Deane her eldest son here prostrate at her feete erects this monument
Her shape was rare: Her beauty exquisite
Her wytt accurate: Her judgement singular
Her entertainment harty: Her conversation lovely
Her harte merciful: Her hand helpful
Her courses modest: Her discourses wise
Her charity Heavenly: Her amity constant
Her practise holy: Her religion pure
Her vowes lawful: Her meditations divine
Her faith unfaygned: Her hope stable
Her prayers devout: Her devotions diurnall
Her dayes short: Her life everlasting"
Anne was the daughter of daughter of Sir Dru Drury of Riddlesworth by Catherine Finch ++++ www.flickr.com/photos/52219527@N00/1083936330/
Children - 2 sons and 6 daughters.
1. Dru +++ Lucy daughter of George Goring 1st Earl of Norwich by Mary daughter of Edward Nevill, 8th or 1st Baron Bergavenny & Rachel Lennard of Chevening
2. John
1. Anne m Sir Anthony Wingfield son of Sir Thomas Wingfield d1609/10 by 2nd wife Elizabeth Drury (buried at Letheringham which he inherited on the death of his brother) daughter of Sir Dru Drury of Riddlesworth and Lynstead and Catherine Finch ++++ www.flickr.com/photos/52219527@N00/1083936330/ (Thomas Wingfield m1 Radcliffe Gerrard www.flickr.com/photos/52219527@N00/13985510334/
2. Katherine
3. Frances
4. Elizabeth m John Tyndall son of Deane Tyndall by Amy Weston
5. Joan
6. MIldred
+++ Children of Dru Drury and Lucy Goring
1. Anthony === m Jane daughter of Sir Edward Barkham 1667 of Southacre by Frances daughter of Thomas Berney of Redham
=== Anthony (Sir Drue's eldest surviving son) was aged 8 at the death of his father and was placed under the guardianship of Deane Tyndal, of Chelmshaw House in Great Maplestead, a zealous Parliamentarian, and one of the Parliamentary Committee for the Preservation of Peace in Essex. But youug Anthony was sprung from a Royalist family on his father's side, and his mother was a daughter of the celebrated George Goring, Earl of Norwich, the Royalist leader, so it is probable that he also was inclined to the King's side ; at any rate he conducted himself in a reckless manner, marrying aged 18 to Jane daughter of Sir Edward Barkham and immediately on his coming of age in 1652 negotiating for the sale of the family property, which he effected Feb. 1st, 1653, when he conveyed Dynes Hall to Col. John Sparrow son of John Sparrow of Gestingthorpe flic.kr/p/PsXdC for the sum of £6,000
After this transaction he completely disappears from the scene, and it is probable that he died shortly afterwards leaving a son Anthony Deane of Monk Soham
- Church of St Giles Great Maplestead, Essex
Lying "prostrate at the feete" of his mother whose tomb he erected - Dru Deane d1638 son of Sir John Deane 1625 of Dynes Hall www.flickr.com/photos/52219527@N00/14428597446/ on whose monument he kneels www.flickr.com/photos/52219527@N00/14265324657/ and Anne Drury www.flickr.com/photos/52219527@N00/14450695084/
Dru m Lucy daughter of George Goring 1st Earl of Norwich by Mary daughter of Edward Nevill, 8th or 1st Baron Bergavenny & Rachel Lennard of Chevening
Children
1. Anthony +++ m Jane daughter of Sir Edward Barkham 1667 of Southacre by Frances daughter of Thomas Berney of Redham
+++ Anthony (Sir Drue's eldest surviving son) was aged 8 at the death of his father and was placed under the guardianship of Deane Tyndal, of Chelmshaw House in Great Maplestead, a zealous Parliamentarian, and one of the Parliamentary Committee for the Preservation of Peace in Essex. But youug Anthony was sprung from a Royalist family on his father's side, and his mother was a daughter of the celebrated George Goring, Earl of Norwich, the Royalist leader, so it is probable that he also was inclined to the King's side ; at any rate he conducted himself in a reckless manner, marrying aged 18 to Jane daughter of Sir Edward Barkham and immediately on his coming of age in 1652 negotiating for the sale of the family property, which he effected Feb. 1st, 1653, when he conveyed Dynes Hall to Col. John Sparrow son of John Sparrow flic.kr/p/PsXdC the elder, of Gestingthorpe for the sum of £6,000 plus Sparrow's property in Hyde Park
After this transaction he completely disappears from the scene, and it is probable that he died shortly afterwards leaving a son Anthony Deane of Monk Soham - Church of St Giles Great Maplestead, Essex
Little Para Seed Orchard, Hillbank.
The green prostrate scrambler to the right of the log is a regional variant of the Tar Bush (Eremophila glabra Roseworthy).
City of Playford, South Australia.
Bishop Ray Brown, lays prostrate during his ordination rites at the Episcopal Ordination Ceremony of newly appointed Bishop of Kerry, Ray Brown at St.Mary's Cathedral, Killarney on Sunday Afternoon, presiding at the Ceremony, were, Most Reverend Archbishop Dermot Clifford, Archbishop of Cashel and Emily, assisted by Most Reverend Charles Brown, Papal Nuncio to Ireland and Most Reverend Bill Murphy, Bishop of Kerry.Photo:Valerie O'Sullivan/No Repro
Introduced, warm-season, perennial, prostrate, climbing legume, with stolons. Leaves have 3 leaflets, each hairy, 1-9 cm long, round to ovate. The central leaflet has a longer stalk than the lateral leaflets. Leaf size varies with grazing pressure. Flowerheads are racemes of 2-5, blue, 5-9 mm long, pea-like flowers in the leaf axils. Pods are straight sided, narrow, flattened and 1-3 cm long. Flowering is in summer and autumn. A native of Africa, it is sown for grazing on wide
range of soils. Grows best on moist, fertile soils, but it will tolerate low fertility. It is tolerant of acidity, moderate levels of aluminium and light shade, but is sensitive to frost. Shaw is the only variety sown. Provides a good quality, high protein, non-bloating feed, it is of greatest value in late summer and autumn as the quality of pasture grasses declines. It is slow to establish and drought will kill it. Tolerates prolonged heavy grazing, but needs to be allowed to seed in the first and second year for longterm
persistence. Grazing pressure should be sufficient to produce a low leafy stand as undergrazed stands develop severe leaf disease.
Prostrate annual herb, plant height 1-2 cm x width 10-16 cm, capsule opening a true pore.
The flowers were very tiny and I remember having difficulty photographing these.
18 September 2008
Bishop Ray Brown, lays prostrate during his ordination rites at the Episcopal Ordination Ceremony of newly appointed Bishop of Kerry, Ray Brown at St.Mary's Cathedral, Killarney on Sunday Afternoon, presiding at the Ceremony, were, Most Reverend Archbishop Dermot Clifford, Archbishop of Cashel and Emily, assisted by Most Reverend Charles Brown, Papal Nuncio to Ireland and Most Reverend Bill Murphy, Bishop of Kerry.Photo:Valerie O'Sullivan/No Repro
Introduced, warm-season, perennial, prostrate, climbing legume, with stolons. Leaves have 3 leaflets, each hairy, 1-9 cm long, round to ovate. The central leaflet has a longer stalk than the lateral leaflets. Leaf size varies with grazing pressure. Flowerheads are racemes of 2-5, blue, 5-9 mm long, pea-like flowers in the leaf axils. Pods are straight sided, narrow, flattened and 1-3 cm long. Flowering is in summer and autumn. A native of Africa, it is sown for grazing on wide
range of soils. Grows best on moist, fertile soils, but it will tolerate low fertility. It is tolerant of acidity, moderate levels of aluminium and light shade, but is sensitive to frost. Shaw is the only variety sown. Provides a good quality, high protein, non-bloating feed, it is of greatest value in late summer and autumn as the quality of pasture grasses declines. It is slow to establish and drought will kill it. Tolerates prolonged heavy grazing, but needs to be allowed to seed in the first and second year for longterm
persistence. Grazing pressure should be sufficient to produce a low leafy stand as undergrazed stands develop severe leaf disease.
Hardenbergia violaceae (Purple Coral-pea).
Prostrate or twining subshrub.
Stems to 2 m or more.
Flowers mostly Aug - Nov
data.rbg.vic.gov.au/vicflora/flora/taxon/b0aae4f9-9366-43...
Moon Fargis
@
Hikaru
A wonderfull place to relax, meditation, cuddle, love, dance and prostrate. Japanese Gardens and Asia styles home for rent. Buddhist inspired sim.
Posted by Second Life Resident Torley Linden. Visit Hikaru.
P1000934
Situated in the Basque Country (Euskal Herria) in Northern Spain, in the Pyrennean foothills, this is San Ignacio de Loyola Country, for the saint himself came to prostrate himself in front of the statue of the Virgin Mary pointing the way to Aranzazu.
The choice for the location of the original fortress was purely defensive, as it commands views over four provinces. Originally the fortress was erected to stem off invaders using the roads in the valley below, along the rivers Alto Urola and Oria. This military function is reflected both in the size (30 x 20 metres, too large for a chapel), thickness of the tower walls as well as in the small openings for the use of arms. The original plan provided in time of crisis, for a shelter for animals, on the ground level and for people accommodation on the first floor.
The origin of this structure is steeped in the legends of Basque Mythology, when giants threw huge rocks from the top of the mountain to erect this building.
This belief has to do with the fact that the sandstone material is allochtonous and originates from some distance.
By the 14th and 15th centuries the military function had gradually diminished when the tower was adapted to became a chapel. From this period dates the late romanesque window and calvary,
The first documentary mention of of santa Maria Antigua de Zumarraga dates from 1366 from the time of King Henry Ii of Castille. A century later, in 1482 a hard-headed local Abbot, Don Martin de Gurruchaga, challenged in the Law Courts, Queen Isabella the Catholic for wullful neglect of the parish church of which she was a patron.
Abbot Don Martin was the first to start keeping a book recording Baptisms, well before the Council of Trent institutionalised it. The most famous entry of this book is that of the baptism in 1505 of a local boy who made good - Don Miguel Lopez de legazpi - the conqueror of the Phillipines.
The roof timber work is spectacular and is decorated with early medieval geometric patterns and some anthropomorphic details. Traces of painted decoration were also found on the timber. during the 1967 restoration work. The vaulted roof is supported by six stone columns
A copy o fthe calvary (seen above) is regarded sufficiently representative to have a cast displayed in the San Telma Fine Arts Museum in Donostia-San Sebastian.
The church is still consecrated and mass is celebrated here once a monh.
Source of information - the Chapel's official visitor's flyer in English and French.
Prostrating all the way to Lhasa (500 or more km)
Prostrator: The sound is Shak tsal kan. The Wylie is phyag mtshal mkhan
Introduced, warm-season, short-lived perennial, prostrate to semi-erect legume with a shallow taproot. Leaves have 2 asymmetrical, obovate to rounded leaflets, each 12-35 mm long. Flowerheads consist of 1-2 flowers in the leaf axils,
each with 5 symmetrically arranged yellow petals. Pods are linear, flat, sparsely to very hairy and 35-40 mm long. Flowering is in the warmer months. A native of North and South America, it is sown for
grazing and naturalized in frost free areas. It is suited to free-draining, lower fertility, acid soils
and cannot tolerate heavy soils or waterlogging. Not
recommended for fertile soils. Frost can limit spread. Wynn is the only sown cultivar. Seeds germinate and establish quickly and plants can rapidly grow and spread. Produces good weight gains in cattle, but old stems
have low feed value. It has low palatability for cattle during the growing season and is not readily grazed until grass quality
has declined sufficiently in autumn. It is not grazed by horses. Grazing management should aim to limit selective grazing during the growing season and maintain plants in a low radiating growth habit. Short
duration heavy grazing with appropriate rest periods is best to achieve this. Grazing periods can be extended in winter in frost free areas when grasses
are dormant. In areas with heavy frosts grazing should occur before first frost to avoid total leaf loss. Continuous heavy grazing leads to a decline in companion grasses, dominance by round-leafed
cassia and invasion by weeds.
The prostrate habit and relative broad ovate leaves are distinctive of this species and distinguish it from Amaranthus blitoides, which is another often prostrate amaranth in this area. Like Amaranthus blitoides, the flowers are congested into axillary clusters, but each bears 1-3 sepals and these are not obscured by the short subtending flower bracts. This site lies on a newly constructed area involving the Animal Bioscience Building on the Montana State University campus, Bozeman.
Introduced, warm-season, perennial, prostrate to erect, woody herb or shrub to 1 m tall. Stems are reddish, hairless, with weak opposite longitudinal ridges; they arise from rhizomes or woody crowns. Leaves are opposite, sessile, hairless, to 3 cm long and have many translucent dots (oil glands) that are easily seen when held to the light. Flowerheads are panicles or corymbose cymes. Flowers are numerous and 15-20 mm wide. Petals are yellow and have black glands on their edges. Styles are 3-branched. Fruit are sticky 3-valved capsules, 5 to 10 mm long. Flowers in late spring and summer. Found in neglected pastures, sparse bushland and disturbed areas. Tiny seeds spread by water and in soil, hay and livestock. Sticky fruits adhere to animals; long runners spread from crowns. Causes photosensitisation and numerous other disorders in livestock; animals tend to recover once removed. Established plants are very competitive and are best controlled by herbicides or, if suitable, by cultivation. Introduced insect (Chrysolina beetles) and mite (St John’s wort mite ) predators provide good levels of control in many areas. Promote dense, healthy pastures to compete with seedlings, which are not robust.
Introduced warm-season perennial, hairless to hairy herb. Stems are prostrate and less than 15 cm long. Leaves are opposite, ovate, 0.7-2.5 cm long and 0.2-0.5 cm wide. Flowerheads are heads of a few to many, small (2-4 mm long), white flowers, with 4 petals and 4-5 sepals. Leaf-like bracts surrounding the flowerheads are nearly hairless on the upper surface. Flowering is from late winter to autumn. A native of South America, it is a weed of disturbed places, such as river flats, stockyards and roadsides. It is only abundant in hard conditions (sandy soils with low water holding capacity) where there is low ground cover or where there has been disturbance from ploughing or flooding. An indicator of disturbance and poor ground cover. Of little importance to livestock grazing, as it usually occurs in low abundance, is very low growing and produces little bulk. Control is rarely required, as abundance is suppressed with healthy vigorous pastures. Herbicides are registered for its control.