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Edinburgh Castle is a historic fortress which dominates the skyline of the city of Edinburgh, Scotland, from its position on the Castle Rock. Archaeologists have established human occupation of the rock since at least the Iron Age (2nd century AD), although the nature of the early settlement is unclear. There has been a royal castle on the rock since at least the reign of David I in the 12th century, and the site continued to be a royal residence until 1633. From the 15th century the castle's residential role declined, and by the 17th century it was principally used as military barracks with a large garrison. Its importance as a part of Scotland's national heritage was recognised increasingly from the early 19th century onwards, and various restoration programmes have been carried out over the past century and a half. As one of the most important strongholds in the Kingdom of Scotland, Edinburgh Castle was involved in many historical conflicts from the Wars of Scottish Independence in the 14th century to the Jacobite rising of 1745. Research undertaken in 2014 identified 26 sieges in its 1100-year-old history, giving it a claim to having been "the most besieged place in Great Britain and one of the most attacked in the world"

Pic Handa, Handa peak, Pico Handa,

 

The road network of Madagascar, comprising about 4,500 unique roads spanning 31,640 kilometers (19,660 mi), is designed primarily to facilitate transportation to and from Antananarivo, the Malagasy capital. Transportation on these roads, most of which are unpaved and two lanes wide, is often dangerous. Few Malagasy own private vehicles; long-distance travel is often accomplished in taxi brousses ('bush taxis') which may be shared by 20 or more people.

While most primary roads are in good condition, the World Food Programme has classified nearly two-thirds of the overall road network as being in poor condition. These conditions may make it dangerous to drive at moderate-to-high speeds and dahalo (bandit) attacks pose a threat at low speeds. Many roads are impassable during Madagascar's wet season; some bridges (often narrow, one-lane structures) are vulnerable to being swept away. Few rural Malagasy live near a road in good condition; poor road connectivity may pose challenges in health care, agriculture, and education.

Drivers in Madagascar travel on the right side of the road. On some roads, to deter attacks from dahalo, the government of Madagascar requires that drivers travel in convoys of at least ten vehicles. Car collision fatalities are not fully reported, but the rate is estimated to be among the highest in the world. Random police checkpoints, at which travelers are required to produce identity documents, are spread throughout the country. Crops are transported by ox cart locally and by truck inter-regionally. Human-powered vehicles, once the only means of road transport, are still found in the form of pousse-pousses (rickshaws). Taxi brousses constitute a rudimentary road-based public transportation system in Madagascar. Rides on taxi brousses cost as little as 200 Malagasy ariary (roughly US$0.10) as of 2005, and vehicles involved are often overpacked, sometimes with the assistant driver riding on the outside of the vehicle. Stops on their routes are generally not fixed, allowing passengers to exit at arbitrary points.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driving_in_Madagascar

www.roadtripafrica.com/madagascar/practical-info/driving-...

internationaldriversassociation.com/madagascar-driving-gu...

 

La red de carreteras de Madagascar, que comprende alrededor de 4.500 carreteras únicas que abarcan 31.640 kilómetros (19.660 millas), está diseñada principalmente para facilitar el transporte hacia y desde Antananarivo, la capital malgache. El transporte por estas carreteras, la mayoría de las cuales no están pavimentadas y tienen dos carriles de ancho, suele ser peligroso. Son pocos los malgaches que poseen vehículos privados; Los viajes de larga distancia a menudo se realizan en taxis ("taxis rurales") que pueden ser compartidos por 20 o más personas.

Si bien la mayoría de las carreteras principales están en buenas condiciones, el Programa Mundial de Alimentos ha clasificado casi dos tercios de la red vial general como en malas condiciones. Estas condiciones pueden hacer que sea peligroso conducir a velocidades de moderadas a altas y los ataques de dahalo (bandidos) representan una amenaza a bajas velocidades. Muchas carreteras son intransitables durante la estación húmeda de Madagascar; algunos puentes (a menudo estructuras estrechas de un solo carril) son vulnerables a ser arrastrados. Son pocos los malgaches rurales que viven cerca de una carretera en buenas condiciones; La mala conectividad vial puede plantear desafíos en la atención de salud, la agricultura y la educación.

Los conductores en Madagascar circulan por el lado derecho de la carretera. En algunas carreteras, para disuadir los ataques desde Dahalo, el gobierno de Madagascar exige que los conductores viajen en convoyes de al menos diez vehículos. Las muertes por colisiones automovilísticas no se informan en su totalidad, pero se estima que la tasa se encuentra entre las más altas del mundo. Por todo el país hay puestos de control policial aleatorios, en los que los viajeros deben presentar documentos de identidad. Los cultivos se transportan en carretas de bueyes a nivel local y en camiones a nivel interregional. Los vehículos de propulsión humana, que alguna vez fueron el único medio de transporte por carretera, todavía se encuentran en forma de pousse-pousses (rickshaws). Los taxis constituyen un rudimentario sistema de transporte público por carretera en Madagascar. Los viajes en taxi cuestan tan solo 200 ariary malgaches (aproximadamente 0,10 dólares estadounidenses) en 2005, y los vehículos involucrados suelen estar demasiado llenos, a veces con el asistente del conductor viajando en el exterior del vehículo. Las paradas en sus rutas generalmente no son fijas, lo que permite a los pasajeros salir en puntos arbitrarios.

 

traslashuellasdemir.com/destinos-irresistibles/madagascar...

www.roadtripafrica.com/es

internationaldriversassociation.com/es/madagascar-driving...

 

Quand ce ne sera pas de la photo, ce sera du tricot... Tout plein de belles chaussettes colorées à réaliser.

Put two shots together, the front & back of this original French programme of La Strada, directed by Federico Fellini.

Mirai Nagasu

Gold Medal winner, Womens

ISU Junior Grand Prix, Lake Placid, Sept. 2007

 

A full Bielman..and spinning at incredible speed to boot.

 

A future Olympian to look out for in Vancouver 2010!!!

 

Performing her long programme, Coppélia. Notes on Coppelia below. This is the same programme she performed January 26th 2008 at the US Senior Ladies championship, and won gold with. At age 14, even though Mirai is the US woman's champion, she is too young to go to the world championships.

 

Coppelia is ballet about a girl who sits still, without smiling in the window of the shop of a toymaker Coppelius. A group of young kids enter the shop, and one of them noticing that Coppelia is a mechanical doll, pretends to be her, and gradually comes to life. The original choreography for Coppelia was by Arthur Saint-Leon with music by Leo Delibes.

 

Mirai's programme tells the story of the ballet (or part of it). It is not just skating to music, but a beautifully choreographed piece. Fulls mark to her choreographer, as well as to Mirai.

 

Nagasu trains in Pasadena and represents the Pasadena Figure Skating Club. Her coaches are Charlene Wong, Sashi Kuchiki, Sondra Holmes, Bob Paul, and Jim Yorke. Her choreographer is Lori Nichol.

    

10th January 2012 - Panavia Tornado IDS ZK113 RSAF 6606 of the Tornado Sustainment Programme rolls out on a sortie from runway 25. This is the only Saudi Tornado still residing at Warton, but has now sadly been painted Grey.

Beaucoup disent que la Suède n’est qu’un petit pays et que ce que nous faisons n’a pas d’importance. Mais j’ai appris qu’on n’est jamais trop petit pour faire une différence. Et si quelques enfants peuvent faire les gros titres partout dans le monde simplement parce qu’ils ne vont pas à l’école, imaginez ce que nous pourrions faire ensemble si nous le voulions. Mais pour ça, nous devons parler clairement, même si ça peut-être inconfortable.

Vous parlez de croissance économique verte et durable, parce que vous avez peur d’être impopulaires. Vous parlez de poursuivre les mêmes mauvaises idées qui nous ont mis dans cette situation, alors que la seule réaction logique est de tirer le frein à main.

Vous n’êtes pas assez matures pour dire les choses comme elles sont. Même ce fardeau vous le laissez à nous, les enfants. Mais je me moque d’être impopulaire. Je tiens à la justice climatique et à une planète vivante. Notre civilisation est sacrifiée pour permettre à une petite poignée de gens de continuer à gagner d’énormes sommes d’argent. Notre biosphère est sacrifiée pour que des personnes riches, dans des pays comme le mien, puissent vivre dans le luxe.

Ce sont les souffrances du plus grand nombre qui paient pour le luxe de quelques-uns.

En 2078 je fêterai mes 75 ans. Si j’ai des enfants, peut-être qu’ils passeront cette journée avec moi. Peut-être qu’ils me demanderont de parler de vous. Peut-être qu’ils me demanderont pourquoi vous n’avez rien fait alors qu’il était encore temps d’agir.

Vous dites que vous aimez vos enfants par dessus tout et pourtant vous volez leur futur devant leurs yeux. Jusqu’à ce que vous vous concentriez sur ce qui doit être fait plutôt que sur ce qui est politiquement possible, il n’y a aucun espoir. Nous ne pouvons pas résoudre une crise sans la traiter comme telle. Nous devons laisser les énergies fossiles dans le sol et nous devons nous concentrer sur l’équité. Et si les solutions sont introuvables à l’intérieur du système, alors peut-être devons nous changer de système. Nous ne sommes pas venus ici pour supplier les dirigeants du monde de s’inquiéter. Vous nous avez ignoré par le passé et vous nous ignorerez encore. Nous sommes à court d’excuses et nous sommes à court de temps. Nous sommes venus ici pour vous dire que c’est l’heure du changement, que ça vous plaise ou non. Le vrai pouvoir appartient au peuple.

 

Discours de Greta Thunberg à la COP24 .

 

www.preservonslaplanete.com/…/associations_environne…

 

www.ompe.org/

 

www.wwf.ch/

 

Lieu photo : Montreux, Suisse.

 

#sauvonslaplanete #ecologie #wwf #greenpeace #montreux #suisse #CransMontana #cransmontana #fabricelecoqfoto

Teatro Lethes in Faro, Portugal uses this nifty cargo trike to dispense programmes.

Finali Mondiali Ferrari 2011 at Mugello Circuit

Another participant in the D Day revival weekend in the village of Southwick, Hampshire. This young lady was dressed in clothes from the period and selling event programmes. Nice smile!

Organised jointly by Arthur Howes and Brian Epstein.

Among supporting acts were Gerry and the Pacemakers, Gene Pitney, Marianne Faithfull The Kinks and Cilla Black

OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA

The Yorkshire Sculpture Park is an open-air gallery in West Bretton near Wakefield in West Yorkshire, England, showing work by British and international artists, including Henry Moore and Barbara Hepworth. The park's collection of works by Moore is one of the largest open-air displays of his bronzes in Europe. The sculpture park occupies the parkland of Bretton Hall and straddles the border of West Yorkshire and South Yorkshire.

 

The Yorkshire Sculpture Park was the UK's first sculpture park based on the temporary open air exhibitions organised in London parks from the 1940s to 1970s by the Arts Council and London County Council (and later Greater London Council). The 'gallery without walls' has a changing exhibition programme, rather than permanent display as seen in other UK sculpture parks such as Grizedale Forest.

Field visit to Afar integrated CMAM,WASH and resilience building programme

London Bus Museum Open Day & Spring Gathering

 

Sunday 16 April 2023

© Copyright Steve Guess MMXXIII

I began my 2016 “Streets Of Ireland” programme with a visit to Kilkenny [9-11 May] and the weather was terrible because it did nothing but rain and at times the rain was very heavy. Based on experience gained in 2015 and 2014 I recently spent a lot of money getting suitable all-weather gear and a more suitable weather-proof camera system and while this investment did help the sky was very grey and impacted greatly on my photography. I had to undertake a lot of work in post to dehaze many of the images so at times the sky may appear a bit strange.

 

Kilkenny is very much a party town but I wanted to photograph something other then hen/stag parties, nightclubs and tourist-attractions so I asked some local shopkeepers for suggestions and every one of them suggested the ‘Nore Linear Park’ but they all made it sound like a bit of a marathon [maybe they thought that I looked a bit old or unfit].

 

I made two attempts to explore the linear park, the first was late on Monday but the weather was just so bad that I abandoned the task after I had difficulty exiting a raised-rampway after I came across an arrow pointing to John Street because every gateway that I came to was locked. I had to retrace my route and as a result I did find an interesting old graveyard which I returned to on Tuesday [I will publish those images later in the week]. I asked a number of people about the old graveyard but no one that I asked was aware of it or its history.

 

On Tuesday I made a second attempt in the morning and while the weather was not good I did manage to photograph all sections within a few hours and along the route I got to meet some very interesting people and one really rude person.

 

On Monday I used a Sony 28-135mm lens but for my visit the the linear park I switched to a Zeiss Batis 25mm lens [which may have been a bad choice because it is a wide-angle lens]. The Batis is light and much easier to protect from the rain which is why I decided to use it.

 

The Nore Linear Park follows the banks of the River Nore as it flows through Kilkenny City. The park has a network of accessible cycleways and footpaths on both sides of the river within Kilkenny City and Environs.

 

The Linear Park can be roughly divided into four sections: -

  

1. The West Bank (from Bishopsmeadows to the weir at Talbot's Inch): This section is approached from Riverside Drive close to Green's Bridge or from the Sycamores Housing estate. It can also be accessed (by foot only) from steps at Talbot's Inch on the Freshford/Urlingford Road. This section of the park travels through mainly meadow grassland. The footing is easy and level. The section of the park is accessible to persons of limited mobility from the Riverside Drive entrance and from the Sycamores entrance. It should be noted that the Linear Park is located in a floodplain and in periods of high rainfall may be inaccessible.

 

2. The Peace Park (between John's Bridge and Green's Bridge in the City Centre):This is the most urban section of the Linear park, travelling through town along the eastern bank, parallel to Michael Street. Much of this section is paved and lined with shrub planting beds with plenty of seating areas to sit and enjoy. Access is from Michael Street or from John's Quay in the city centre or from Greensbridge Street.

 

3. The Canal Walk (parallel to Kilkenny Castle Grounds) :-

The third section of the park runs between the Kilkenny Castle Park and the River Nore and involved the upgrade and extension of the existing 'Canal Walk'. This is an attractive walk lined for much of its length with mature trees especially limes. The walk runs from Canal Square and terminates at Fennessy's Mill . During Kilkenny Castle Park open hours it is possible to access the grounds of the Castle Park from the Canal Walk. See www.heritageireland.ie for Castle Park opening hours.

 

4. The Lacken Walk: This area has recently been upgraded with bank stabilisation works to restore eroded areas and extended with the installation of a raised timber boardwalk. This walk is accessible from steps on the Dublin Road or from the lower path on Maudlin Street and from a newly constructed ramp linking the area with the Ring Road. The path which is narrow in places runs between HSE grounds on the Dublin Road and the river bank and links to the Nore Valley Walk to Bennettsbridge and beyond.

Taken during our outreach programme, Beija-Flor na Comunidade (Hummingbird in the Community).

13 February, First day of Spring in Bengali Year...

Location: Fine Arts Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

This graphic illustrates the strong link between areas with high densities of industrial activity and zones of seasonally oxygen-depleted waters. There is a strong link between areas with high densities of industrial activity and zones of seasonal oxygen-depleted waters. In recent years there has been an increasing focus on treating and reducing municipal and industrial waste, and on reducing nitrogen levels in agricultural runoff. However, less attention has been paid to the continually increasing nitrogen emissions into the atmosphere. It is believed that between 10% and 70% of the fixed nitrogen input in many coastal regions is currently delivered by rain and the fallout of nitrogen compounds from the atmosphere. GESAMP (Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environment Protection) recommends that atmospheric nitrogen must be included among the nutrient sources assessed as part of the management of coastal water quality. Political factors are also of major significance, as the primary causes of atmospheric anthropogenic nitrogen result from energy generation and transportation, and thus from society’s economic and social activities (GESAMP, 2001). Urgent actions to control land-based activities: At the technical, management and policy levels, the most urgent actions needed, for controlling land-based activities, in order to improve the quality of the marine environment, are: - prevent habitat destruction and the loss of biodiversity through education, combined with the development and enforcement of legal, institutional and economic measures appropriate to local circumstances - establish protected areas for habitats and sites of exceptional scenic beauty or cultural value - devote primary management attention to the control of pollution from sewage, nutrients (especially nitrogen) and sediment mobilization - design national policies that take account of the economic value of environmental goods and services, and provide for the internalization of environmental costs - integrate the management of coastal areas and associated watersheds (GESAMP, 2001) It has been estimated that about 80% of all marine pollution originates from land-based activity, reaching the ocean directly, via rivers, or through atmospheric depositions: - Inputs of nitrates to the North Sea, for example, have risen four-fold, and phosphate inputs eight-fold, since the 1970s, causing eutrophication and tides of toxic algae that have killed stocks in offshore fish farms (Harrison and Pearce, 2001). - Severe eutrophication has been discovered in several enclosed or semi-enclosed seas (UNEP, 2002). - Eutrophication has been linked to the formation of ‘dead zones’ on the ocean floor. One of the largest known ’dead zones’ is found along the United States shoreline of the Gulf of Mexico, which receives large volumes of fertilizer from the Mississippi River system (Harrison and Pearce, 2001). - The collapse of the Baltic Sea cod fishery in the early 1990s is blamed on oxygen loss in deep waters due to eutrophication, which interfered with the development of cod eggs. - Eutrophication can also cause harmful algal blooms (HABs), which can harm fish and shellfish, as well as the people who consume them. Some algae can cause negative effects when they appear in dense blooms, while others have such potent neurotoxins they do not need to be present in large numbers.

 

For any form of publication, please include the link to this page:

www.grida.no/resources/5588

 

This photo has been graciously provided to be used in the GRID-Arendal resources library by: Philippe Rekacewicz, February 2006

Having booked the judges & speakers and thought of what we will do for the other twice weekly meetings I'm filling it all in. If I were left-handed I would get it done more quickly :)

Selection 20 April 2022

A selection of some of my programme collection through the 1960s to 2001, of plays seen in England, South Africa and Australia.

 

Southampton 1967-1970

Stratford- Upon-Avon 1970, 1983

Brighton 1971.

London 1971, 1983, 1986, 1987.

Cape Town 1980 1982

Bristol 1983

Bath 1983, 1985

Brisbane 1997

Sydney 2001

 

DUC22#16 THEATRE

  

I took Morag's mum to the bus station this morning and on the way back home stopped off to take some pics. Just some random shots.

The Trade Facilitation Programme (TFP) currently includes over 100 Issuing Banks in the EBRD region and more than 800 Confirming Banks worldwide. The event gave EBRD partner banks the opportunity to review and discuss industry challenges, pricing, limits and trade opportunities with key industry specialists, regulators and representatives from the World Trade Organization, the International Chamber of Commerce HQ and local National ICC Committees.

  

It also featured the highly popular award ceremony for ‘The Most Active EBRD TFP Banks’ and ‘The Best Transaction of 2016’.

 

The Trade Facilitation Programme (TFP) currently includes over 100 Issuing Banks in the EBRD region and more than 800 Confirming Banks worldwide. The event gave EBRD partner banks the opportunity to review and discuss industry challenges, pricing, limits and trade opportunities with key industry specialists, regulators and representatives from the World Trade Organization, the International Chamber of Commerce HQ and local National ICC Committees.

  

It also featured the highly popular award ceremony for ‘The Most Active EBRD TFP Banks’ and ‘The Best Transaction of 2016’.

 

Ar The Canopy, Gardens by the Bay during Sakura Matsuri

Scottish Football Programmes from 1970s to 1990s.

The Daleks are a fictional extraterrestrial race of mutants principally portrayed in the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who. The Daleks were conceived by science-fiction writer Terry Nation and first appeared in the 1963 Doctor Who serial The Daleks, in the shells designed by Raymond Cusick.

 

Within the programme narrative, Daleks are an extraterrestrial race of cyborgs created by the scientist Davros during the final years of a thousand-year war against the Thals. He genetically modified his race (known as the Kaleds), and integrated them with a tank-like, robotic shell. His final modification was to remove their ability to feel pity, compassion, or remorse. The Daleks soon came to view themselves as the supreme race in the universe and began a conquest of universal domination and extermination. Various storylines portray them as having had every emotion removed except hate, leaving them with a desire to purge the universe of all non-Dalek life. Collectively they are the greatest enemies of the series' protagonist, the Time Lord known as the Doctor. During a conflict with the Time Lords, the Daleks were almost completely killed off. This took place off-screen between the 1996 television movie and the 2005 revived series, and was depicted in the 50th anniversary special "The Day of the Doctor". Their defeat was a plot point in several episodes. They are popularly known for their catchphrase "Exterminate!" and are a well-recognised reference in British popular culture.

 

The non-humanoid shape of the Dalek did much to enhance the creatures' sense of menace. A lack of familiar reference points differentiated them from the traditional "bug-eyed monster" of science fiction, which Doctor Who creator Sydney Newman had wanted the show to avoid. The unsettling Dalek form, coupled with their alien voices, made many believe that the props were wholly mechanical and operated by remote control.

 

The Daleks were actually controlled from inside by short operators who had to manipulate their eyestalks, domes, and arms, as well as flashing the lights on their heads in sync with the actors supplying their voices. The Dalek cases were built in two pieces; an operator would step into the lower section, and then the top would be secured. The operators looked out between the cylindrical louvres just beneath the dome, which were lined with mesh to conceal their faces.

 

In addition to being hot and cramped the Dalek casings also muffled external sounds, making it difficult for operators to hear the director's commands or studio dialogue. John Scott Martin, a Dalek operator from the original series, said that Dalek operation was a challenge: "You had to have about six hands: one to do the eyestalk, one to do the lights, one for the gun, another for the smoke canister underneath, yet another for the sink plunger. If you were related to an octopus then it helped."

 

These props are exhibited at the Doctor Who Experiance in Cardiff. The original exhibition titled Doctor Who Experience, was complete with a new interactive Doctor Who episode with the Eleventh Doctor, opened in London on 20 February 2011. The exhibition moved to Cardiff in July 2012, opening on 20 July and will remain there until 2017. The immersive exhibition was designed and installed by the UK-based theme park design and installation company Sarner Ltd.

 

The exhibition begins with a short film and a walk-through adventure inside the TARDIS and in various locations. The group are lead through the experience by a guide and the Twelfth Doctor. Initially the Eleventh Doctor featured in the experience, but was replaced after he regenerated.

 

Following the adventure portion guests are free to roam two floors of exhibitions including original costumes from nine of the eleven Doctors (the first two being replicas as the originals were lost). Alien prosthetics, Daleks over history, Sonic devices, the interiors of the Fifth Doctor's and Ninth Doctor's/ Tenth Doctor's TARDIS and other show memorabilia and artifacts are also on display. There are also costumes from the companions since 2005 including: Rose Tyler, Martha Jones, Donna Noble, Captain Jack Harkness, Amy Pond, and Rory Williams. In 2013, props, such as Porridge's costume and the deactivated chess-playing Cyberman, from Nightmare in Silver have been added. The costumes of the Eleventh Doctor and Clara Oswald, along with the giant snow globe, from the Christmas episode entitled The Snowmen were also added to the collection in 2013. In late 2014 props and costumes from Last Christmas were added.

 

The Experience is located in Cardiff Bay, home to the BBC Roath Lock production studios, as well as locations from the Torchwood series.

 

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalek

 

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_Who_exhibitions

"Designing Programmes", classic book on form as programme by the Swiss designer Karl Gerstner.

I decided to begin my ‘Streets Of Ireland 2016’ programme with a visit to Kilkenny and unfortunately I was a bit unlucky with the weather as it rained for most of my three day visit. On Monday I walked around the city centre photographing at random.

 

Kilkenny is a city located in south-east part of Ireland and the county town of County Kilkenny. It is on both banks of the River Nore in the province of Leinster. The city is administered by a Borough Council and a Mayor which is a level below that of city council in the Local government of the state although the Local Government Act 2001 allows for "the continued use of the description city". The borough has a population of 8,711, but the majority of the population lives outside the borough boundary: the 2011 Irish Census gives the total population of the Borough and Environs as 24,423.

 

Kilkenny is a popular tourist destination. In 2009 the City of Kilkenny celebrated its 400th year since the granting of city status in 1609. Though referred to as a city, Kilkenny City is the size of a large town, most equatable in size to the town of Navan, situated on the banks of the Boyne in county Meath.

 

Kilkenny's heritage is evident in the city and environs including the historic buildings such as Kilkenny Castle, St. Canice's Cathedral and round tower, Rothe House, Shee Alms House, Black Abbey, St. Mary's Cathedral, Kilkenny Town Hall, St. Francis Abbey, Grace's Castle, and St. John's Priory.

 

Kilkenny is well known for its culture with craft and design workshops, the Watergate Theatre, public gardens and museums. Annual events include Kilkenny Arts Festival,the Cat Laughs comedy festival and music at the Rhythm and Roots festival and the Source concert. It is a popular base from which to explore the surrounding towns, villages and countryside. Controversy exists at the moment around the Kilkenny Central Access Scheme which is a road proposed to be built through the city centre.

 

Kilkenny began with an early sixth century ecclesiastical foundation within the kingdom of Ossory. Following Norman invasion of Ireland, Kilkenny Castle and a series of walls were built to protect the burghers of what became a Norman merchant town. William Marshall, Lord of Leinster, gave Kilkenny a charter as a town in 1207. By the late thirteenth century Kilkenny was under Norman-Irish control. The Statutes of Kilkenny passed at Kilkenny in 1367, aimed to curb the decline of the Hiberno-Norman Lordship of Ireland. In 1609 King James I of England granted Kilkenny a Royal Charter giving it the status of a city. Following the Rebellion of 1641, the Irish Catholic Confederation, also known as the "Confederation of Kilkenny", was based in Kilkenny and lasted until the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland in 1649.

 

Kilkenny was a famous brewing centre from the late seventeenth century. In the late twentieth century Kilkenny is a tourist and creative centre.

 

The Heritage Council offices are located at Church Lane. The seat of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Ossory is at St. Mary's Cathedral and the Church of Ireland Bishop of Cashel and Ossory is at St. Canice's Cathedral. Nearby larger cities include Waterford 45 kilometres (28 mi) south-southeast, Limerick 93 kilometres (58 mi) west and Dublin 101 kilometres (63 mi) northeast.

Dawn Porter leads the ultimate female flashmob (2007)

2016年度實習計劃 — 啟導環節

2016年度实习计划 — 启导环节

2016 internship programme - orientation session (2016.05.30)

The Trade Facilitation Programme (TFP) currently includes over 113 Issuing Banks in 26 countries in the EBRD region and more than 800 Confirming Banks worldwide. The event offered the opportunity to review and discuss industry challenges with leading specialists, including regulators and lawyers. It also featured the award ceremony for The Most Active EBRD TFP banks and Best Transactions of 2014.

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