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After a disappointing couple of days in Bryce Canyon, I moved on to my next location which was to be Kodachrome Basin National Park, which is located between Bryce Canyon and the Grand Staircase Escalante Region of Utah. I found a great site in the primitive campground at the back of the park, I think I like this campground better than the front campground because of the dirt road leading in to it. This prevents most RV's from attempting access and is a much more serene environment, although the front campground has free showers but they can be used by all visitors, so I seized the opportunity. :)
This is the Bryce View Campground and is named so because its view overlooks not just Kodachrome Basin but also Bryce Canyon, which can be seen here off in the distance with a spectacular sunset in progress. Wouldn't you know it, the day I leave Bryce the sky explodes over it. Bah!! I guess a fourth trip to Bryce is on the itinerary in the future. "If at first you don't succeed try try again" is what I was taught. :)
I found this tree just off of the dirt road that leads back to some of the more remote formations in the park. It sits perched atop a red stone formation and stands only waist high. I tried to get a POV and composition that portrayed this tree as much bigger and an alternate composition capitalizing on it's stunted nature. I ended up liking this one better.
I am considering this to be an FDR image "Full Dynamic Range." Not an HDR image. HDR is usually associated with software designed specifically for that purpose. The problem with these software solutions is that by the time you get something you like, they introduce strong haloing properties and unpleasant artifacts which give it a fake unnatural look. By blending exposures manually you control what aspects of each exposure will be included in your final result, leading ultimately to a "Full Dynamic Range" image. Maybe we can start differentiating the two different types of processes. Have you ever had someone ask "Is it HDR" I like being able to say "NO", then again, if they have to ask then I'm getting close to real looking FDR photos.
Thanks for taking the time to take a look at my photos, and as always, your views, comments, faves, and support are greatly appreciated!! Have a great day everybody!! :)
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Copyright 2016©Eric Gail
Created for the Kreative People Contest 40: "Locked & Latched"
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Photos and textures used are my own.
Gassho-zukuri is a unique architecture style special for the Hida district of Japan (inland in the mountains).
Gassho-Zukuri houses are recognized for their slanted, thatched gable roofs. The steep slope, angling at about 60 degrees, allows snow to fall off so as to prevent the house from being crushed under the weight. (To further increase its strength, lumber is placed between the crossbeams.) This roof shape resembles a pair of praying hands, which is how the architectural style got its name: Gassho means to join one’s hands in prayer, while Zukuri denotes a type of architecture.
Built from the 1700s through to the early-20th century, the Gassho farmhouse is larger than most others in Japan, and typically has three (and sometimes four) levels. An irori, or traditional open hearth, generally found in the common dining room, is used for heating and cooking.
I bought a little hot shoe astrotracer for my camera and thought I would try it out before I find a real Milky Way to shoot.
It moves the sensor in the camera using a GPS signal and moves the sensor along with the movement of the stars allowing for long exposures without star trails. This way you can lower the ISO on the camera to prevent noise. It seemed to work pretty well but does blur the foreground so that needed to be masked in separately.
I thought I would do some light painting of the tree so you could actually see it.
As per Wikipedia: "To prevent scurvy during the 19th century, British sailors were issued a daily allowance of citrus, such as lemon, and later switched to lime. The use of citrus was initially a closely guarded military secret, as scurvy was a common scourge of various national navies, and the ability to remain at sea for lengthy periods without contracting the disorder was a huge benefit for the military. British sailors thus acquired the nickname "Limey" because of their use of limes."
"If you cry because the sun has gone out of your life, your tears will prevent you from seeing the stars."
Ginny Cantrell
A small Rose with great impact, the raindrops clinging onto the tender petals, ah, what beauty.
Thank you for your visit, M, (*_*)
For more: www.indigo2photography.com
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To prevent you getting bored of snow shots (and me) I have posted some pics without any snow. But nevertheless all around me there is snow and so I hope you will come with me enjoying still more snow-shots. :-))
Paulownia Tomentosa the Anna Paulownia tree.
I have found this tree in an Arboretum in Eeklo Belgium!
It's worth it ! ;-) yes it does 😍
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A true and interesting story:
Carving paulownia wood is an art form in Japan and China.
The leaves can be eaten cooked; the flowers are edible, for example in a salad. But people only eat the plant in dire need, when there is nothing else to eat.
In early spring, before the leaves emerge, the fragrant, light lilac-purple flowers appear. Their scent is reminiscent of vanilla.
A decoction of the leaves is used to cleanse nasty sores and is said to promote hair growth and prevent graying. The leaves can also be used as a compress for bruises. The juice of the leaves is used against warts. The flowers are used in the treatment of skin conditions. A tincture of the bark is used in the treatment of fever and delirium. It has an astringent effect and is also used to expel parasitic worms.
The wood is not attacked by insects and is used to make boxes, clogs, furniture, musical instruments, etc. It is suitable for poles and beams in construction and a source of charcoal. The nitrogen-rich leaves are a good fodder crop and the roots prevent soil erosion. Various Asian string instruments are made from Paulownia tomentosa, including the Japanese koto and the Korean gayageum zither.
The plant contains a number of potentially toxic substances.
In China, this tree was traditionally planted at the birth of a girl. The fast-growing tree developed as the girl grew up. When she got married, the tree was cut down and the wood was carved into items for her dowry.
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I did not know this, but now I do ;-)
Image is from my archives, but straight from the camera!
Low point of view in a tunnel. If you look close you will see salt on the road to prevent icing. 's Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
Some people can subconsciously prevent you from becoming your best self.
Everything you do in this life- where you go, what you say, what you do and who you do it with is the result of your thoughts.
A big reason people fight is because people identify with their thoughts. When we were growing up, most of us believed that thoughts come from the inside. We thought that they were innately a part of us and that we *are* our thoughts. We started building our whole identities around our own little internal monologues.
And the bigger the idea, the more of your identity it represents. This is why politics and religion are such hotly debated topics, because they're such big ideas. If I say your political idea is a bad idea, and you base your identity on that idea, then effectively what you're hearing is that I'm calling you a bad person. You think that I'm attacking you, not the idea.
Something that might be even more common is that people just straight up attack the individual as a proxy for attacking that person's idea.
Somewhere along the way, a few people started realizing they had it all wrong.
In practice, a much better way to think about it is that the universe has an infinite number of streams of thoughts, so to speak, that our brains can kind of tap into like different radio stations. With this analogy, we no longer have to view ourselves as a series of thoughts but rather as an empty vessel by which thoughts pass through. Now we're like the DJ of a radio station, not the individual song. The self is merely an observer. It was this distinction that sparked one of the most famous philosophical debates of all time, which is, I think therefore I am versus I *do* therefore I am.
Spolier alert, you should pick the latter.
In this analogy, the self is determined by our ability to pick and choose different ideas from different streams of thoughts and combine them to form new ideas. Sort of like picking ingredients to make a sandwich.
This is different from the first paradigm, in which we would just take everything from the same stream and hope that the sandwich turns out good anyways.
Therapists know that this works, that's why when people come in complaining about depression, they're told to use the term "negative intrusive thoughts".
The idea is actually pretty simple. If you don't take ownership of the idea and instead you assign a label to it, then you can categorize it as something that life just happened to send your way but something that you're also allowed to throw away. You don't have to hold on to it because it's not actually a part of you. It's just a shitty song on the radio station.
So how does this all relate to other people holding you back?
To be continued..
Credited to Austin Ambrozi on TikTok
View from Matokit hill towards Vrgorac and Ljubuški. The sun from the east prevented a clearer picture.
La Playa L'Almadrava se encuentra en el término municipal de Benicàssim y se trata de una prolongación hacia el sur de la Playa Voramar. Su nombre se debe a una antigua técnica que se usaba para pescar. Tiene una longitud de 600 metros y una anchura de 50 metros.
Esta playa destaca por su tranquilidad, es perfecta para descansar y desconectar de la rutina. Los espigones que la separan de las playas colindantes impiden el oleaje fuerte. Sus aguas son cálidas y el paseo marítimo, exclusivamente peatonal, es la excusa perfecta para pasear y contemplar el precioso paisaje.
L'Almadrava Beach is located in the municipality of Benicàssim and is an extension to the south of Voramar Beach. Its name is due to an ancient technique that was used to fish. It is 600 meters long and 50 meters wide.
This beach stands out for its tranquility, it is perfect to rest and disconnect from the routine. The breakwaters that separate it from the neighboring beaches prevent strong waves. Its waters are warm and the promenade, exclusively for pedestrians, is the perfect excuse to walk and contemplate the beautiful landscape.
Las Villas de Benicàssim
(Castelló/ Spain)
Perhaps best known for being the site of an outbreak of the bubonic plague in the 1600s. It’s a tragic tale, but also an inspiring story of great courage.
In 1665 a local tailor took delivery of a bundle of cloth from London. The cloth turned out to be full of fleas which, tragically, came from rats that were infected with the plague. Within only a few days the tailor’s assistant had died, and others in the household were very sick.
As more residents died over the following weeks, the community rector, Rev William Mompesson, persuaded the villagers to quarantine themselves off from the rest of the world to prevent the spread of disease to neighbouring areas.
This huge act of sacrifice meant that nobody left or entered the village for the next 14 months. During this time at least 270 of the 350 villagers died of the plague, including Rev Mompesson’s wife.
The Strawberry Moon.
Not my planned composition. The thick low clouds prevented that so I had to settle for this. My new 150-450 performed well when I could get it out of the wind. Challenging shooting last night.
Germany, Berlin, Alexanderplatz
Alexanderplatz (Simply Alex for the Berliners) is a large public square in the central Mitte district of Berlin. It was named in honor of a visit of the Russian Emperor Alexander I to Berlin on 25 October 1805. Alexanderplatz has been subject to redevelopment several times in its history, most recently during the 1960s, when it was turned into a pedestrian zone and enlarged as part of the German Democratic Republic's redevelopment of the city centre. It includes several notable structures including World Time Clock and the Fernsehturm (TV Tower) that was constructed between 1965 and 1969. It was intended as a symbol of Berlin, and with its height of 368 meters, it is still the tallest structure in Germany. Walter Ulbricht, the socialist leader of East Germany hired three architects to create a Sputnik satellite like building to show off technological advancement and power of the East Berliners. So it was a status symbol for years for the East Berliners. When the sun shines on the round dome of the TV Tower, a cross shape reflects on it. So West Berliners have called this the ‘Pope’s revenge’. The architects and atheist Communists of East Germany never meant for this to happen and tried their best, with paints and chemicals of all sorts, to prevent its reflection. But until today the crucifix appears on a sunny day.
Depuis le premier octobre, la campagne de dépistage du cancer du sein est lancée en France.
Mesdames, une simple mammographie pour éviter bien des soucis... !
Dati Tecnici
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a) Nikon D3S + Sigma 50mm f/1.4 AF lens DG HSM ART per Nikon;
b) Filtro Nikon L37c Digital Filters Professional 77mm;
c) Esposizione Tempo 1/125s con apertura a f.3,5 - Impostazione Asa/Iso 1270 (nessun flash o faretti o schermi diffusori solo luce ambiente) ripresa a mano libera;
d) File utilizzato Nef/Raw
e) Misurazione effettuate in Spot (impostata con cerchio lettura a mm 8) con esposimetro della macchina in modalità manuale. Ho voluto simulare una multi lettura singola effettuata in diverse zone dell’area presunta inquadrata per potere conoscere le capacità di lettura spot ella Nikon D3S. Quindi le letture effettuate sono state circa 6/7 segnandomi le varie risultanti ottenute ovvero accoppiata tempo/diaframma parziali per poi ricavare la risultante finale. In pratica simulare una lettura tipo "Sistema Zonale di Ansel Adams";
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- Letture esposimetriche:
Qui, con precisione i punti effettivi di lettura sono stati 6/7. Ho distribuito le varie letture nei punti più critici della scena per avere una valutazione delle varie aree del file. Tali letture hanno dato una risultante x=T/D. Guardando la scena è evidente che abbiamo una porzione a destra più luminosa ma non troppo, la parte più critica è la bassa luminosità del vestito delle ragazze e la parte sinistra del fotogramma (qui ho dovuto fare un computo a parte fra la lettura dei volti, nei capelli e il fondo per evitare la stilizzazione dei particolari dei capelli) e la parte destra in alto molto chiara,
La differenza fra la parte più buia e quella più luminosa erano circa 7/8 zone. Una differenza notevole fra il primo piano (volto delle modelle) e la luce di fondo a destra del fotogramma (estremamente luminoso) e i due estremi del fotogramma dove a sinistra abbiano zone basse (Zona 0/Zona II) e a destra zone medie e alte (Zona V/Zona VIII quasi a Zona IX) in pratica una situazione complessa dove vi sono alternanza di zone chiarissime e scurissime.
Si è cercato allora di dare maggiore rilievo al volto, alle mani, alle ciocche dei capelli (che impreziosiscono l’immagine) e le zone buie per avere un minimo di traccia e leggibilità. La quinta, visto che come luminanza stava in una zona intermedia fra la luminanza del volto e le ciocche dei capelli ho pensato che la risultante mi avrebbe dato un timbro tonale accettabile (così è stato).
Se avessi preso in considerazione delle letture differenti avrei perso il minimo dettaglio delle ombre e letture dei particolari delle spalle delle modelle con il conseguente appiattimento del lato destro del fotogramma. Questi fattori sono molto importanti in quanto i primi due, sul piano principale, devono dare la bidimensionalità della scena mentre il piano di luminanza principale e la quinta devono dare la tridimensionalità della situazione generale.
La lettura finale (ottenuta dalla media delle letture spot) è stata posta in n+2 per recuperare alcuni particolari importanti nella scena in primo piano (lettura trama pelle delle mani, dei guanti, dei capelli e la pelle del viso) ma nello stesso tempo è stata utilizzata la tecnica “dell’Esposizione a Destra” per non perdere i dettagli nelle alte luci (il fondo lato destro in alto molto luminoso) e contestualmente ottenere una buona esposizione finale mantenendo al minino o annullare il rumore nelle basse luci o meglio su tutti i valori ISO.
Non ho voluto recuperare altri dettagli nella zona in ombra fra i capelli e il collo della modella a centro del fotogramma, sul petto e sul lato posteriore del braccio (ma solo quell’accenno) e della trama del vestito in quanto sarei incappato nello slavamento e posterizzazione tonale con la comparsa di grana fastidiosa e comparsa di zone chiare a chiazze.
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f) Prima Leggera Post-Produzione effettuata con Nikon Capture NX 2 (effettuando mascherature localizzate, riduzione di luminanza delle zone “zona VI e VIII” e aumentando la struttura della zone “zona 0 - II-III e IV”)
g) Seconda Post-Produzione Leggerissima effettuata con Corel Photo-Paint X7 64Bit e Adobe Photoshop CC per il miglioramento globale dell’immagine riducendo il divario zonale delle aree (ovvero effettuando una compressione delle zone);
h) Ultima leggera Post-Produzione di completamento con Nikon Capture NX 2;
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Tutti i diritti riservati ©2020/2030 da ArchiMlFotoWord/Luigi Mirto/Photography
Nessuna immagine o parte di essa può essere riprodotta o trasmessa in qualsiasi forma e con qualsiasi mezzo senza preventiva autorizzazione.
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All rights reserved ©2020/2030 by ArchiMlFotoWord/Luigi Mirto/Photography
No images or part thereof may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means
Without prior permission.
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Suggerisco di guardare l’immagine su fondo scuro e ascoltare questo brano
I suggest you look at the image on a dark background and listen to this song
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Sad Epic Emotional Music - Farewell Life
.
.
…addio Vita
.
….ai tuoi anni
inesorabile sei arrivata
e al crepuscolo della vita
ti sei affacciata.
Quel tempo adesso
non più ti sorriderà
e tutto ciò ti sfuggirà.
Hai dipinto un futuro colorato
con le persone che....
falsamente hai fatto credere
di avere amato.
Quando scoprirai che
nell’acqua torbida
il tuo mondo si dissolverà
ogni lacrima versata
nell’infinito mare si perderà.
…addio vita,
l’impeto delle tue onde
su una spiaggia abbandonata
tristemente s’infrangerà,
la tua pelle al sole
di rughe si incresperà
e la tua mente…tentennerà.
Lo sapevi che...un giorno
o forse un altro
tu da sola saresti tornata,
ma,...da quando hai deciso
di esser tutto quello
che oggi non sei mai stata,
di tutto quello che
domani vorresti essere
la vita ti ha abbandonata.
……………….....…Luigi Mirto
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…farewell Life
.
… .to your years
you have arrived inexorably
and in the twilight of life
you looked out.
That time now
he will no longer smile at you
and all this will escape you.
You painted a colorful future
with people who ....
you falsely made believe
to have loved.
When will you find that
in the murky water
your world will dissolve
every tear shed
in the infinite sea it will be lost.
... goodbye life,
the impetus of your waves
on an abandoned beach
sadly it will break,
your skin in the sun
wrinkles will wrinkle
and your mind ... will hesitate.
Did you know ... someday
or maybe another
you alone would have returned,
but, ... since when did you decide
to be all that
that you have never been today,
of all that
tomorrow you would like to be
life has abandoned you.
……………….....… Luigi Mirto
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BROKEN DREAMS - Beautiful Emotional Music Mix | Ethereal Dramatic Orchestral Music
214) Milky Stork
Milky Stork, Mycteria cinerea, Upeh Bakau
This is a large wading bird in the stork family Ciconiidae. This species occurs in Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia, and the Indonesian islands of Sumatra, Java, Bali, Sumbawa and Sulawesi. The milky stork can be found in coastal regions and favors mangroves and low-saline swamps of these areas. They feeds on fish, amphibians, small rodents, prawns, and crabs. It finds its food on mudflats, saltwater pools, freshwater marshes, ponds, and rice fields. It is classified as Endangered owing to loss of coastal habitat as well as hunting and trade. The storks' habitats are being diminished by logging and farming. In some areas, the birds, eggs, and chicks are being taken for domestication, food, or trade. Efforts are being made to boost the bird's population to prevent it from going extinct. In Malaysia, programs have been instated to breed the storks domestically and release them into the wild. In Perak, Malaysia, actions are being taken to create laws of protection for the Matang Mangrove Forest Reserves.
Burung Upeh Bakau diklasifikasikan sebagai terancam kerana habitatnya yang semakin menghilang selain diburu. Burung ini kini dibiakkan dalam program-program konservasi di Matang, Kuala Gula, malah di Putrajaya dan Zoo Negara
DEAR FRIENDS ALL OVER THE WORLD,
WORNING !!!!
BE CAREFUL EVERYTHING WILL BE FINE,
ONLY IF WE ARE CONSCIENTIOUS:
This is a terrible war because our enemy is behind everybody so, PLEASE, follow the following rules:
- STAY AT HOME AS MUCH AS YOU CAN
- NO CROWDED PLACES
- NO KISSES
- NO HUGS
- NO HAND SHAKES
- STAY AT LEAST 130 CM FAR EACH OTHER
- WASH FREQUENTLY YOUR HANDS, FACE AND EYES
- USE TISSUES TO PREVENT INFECTION
ONLY IN THIS WAY WE CAN PREVENT THE INFECTION AND WIN THIS TERRIBLE WAR WHICH IS GOING THROUGH ALL OVER THE WORLD...
Your Friend from Italy
Elisabetta
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IF YOU WISH YOU CAN ADD THIS PHOTO TO YOURS
IF YOU WISH TO READ BETTER PLEASE ENLARGE THE IMAGE
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“It is an illusion that photos are made with the camera…
they are made with the eye, heart and head.”
[Henry Cartier Bresson]
*************************************************************************************
Please don't use any of my images on websites, blogs or other media without my explicit written permission.
© All rights reserved
To prevent this Cathedral from collapsing onto people passing by in the frequent Christchurch earthquakes, a row of containers on top of each was propped against the building. As you can see the quakes caused this column to rub against the containers leaving these marks.
Good morning world! This is the third shot from my trip to spider-city last weekend.
Did you know that spiders perform some kind of carnal rituals to prevent the large females from eating the small males before fertilization, except where the male is so much smaller that he is not worth eating.
So fellas, all we can do is hope that the human ladies won´t adopt this strategy. Scary shit, huh? ;-)
The seventh part of "The Uprising" collaboration www.instagram.com/ur_lug/
South.
A harsh climate creates harsh people. Discontented inhabitants of the Northern lands, tired of the oppression of the king from the South, which not only does not give them conditions for a decent life, but also prevents them from developing life in their lands as they want, decide that they do not need such power and plot a campaign aimed at overthrowing the usurper.
Preparing for Deep Space Travel
Interplanetary Travel
The high mountains greatly prevented me from traveling within the planet. That's why I couldn't go very far on the planet. At the furthest point I could go, high and rocky mountains appeared before me again. It was very difficult for me to travel through the valleys formed between the mountains. I collected various rock, soil, water and plant samples from this planet, just like on other planets. Gravity and oxygen ratio are quite suitable for human life. However, different day and night generations can be disturbing for human psychology. I've detected abrupt changes in the planet's rotation speed. This means that the planet's night and day zones are constantly changing. It is an unusual and disturbing situation for me. One day, the night may last 16 world hours, while another night may only last 6 world hours. During the day, the sky color is the same as that of the earth. There is very little clouding. I did not encounter any rain. All I saw was a rain of stardust. And it was an extraordinary experience for me. It was an experience I had never witnessed before. A shower of blue stardust. It must have belonged to a star swallowed by a black hole. Such dense stardust must have been the remnants of the star torn apart by a black hole. There could be no other explanation for this. Ever since I came to the planet, I realized that a black hole is very close to the planet. This black hole had completely shattered a star and turned it into dust. It was a fascinating and at the same time frightening sight for me. As much as I can, I tried to reflect the sights I witnessed to you. I hope I was successful. Thank you so much for not leaving me alone during my time on this planet. Your support for me helps me go further and explore more planets in my space travel. Very soon I will leave this mysterious planet. I will continue my interplanetary journey from where I left off. After sharing the last two photos from this planet for you, I will start my interplanetary travel in outer space with my spaceship. Keep following me.
Youtube: The Moon Meditation
4K | Plutonia - Interplanetary Travel
Camera: Canon EOS Kiss X7i
Photograph by Yusuf Alioglu
Location: Outer space (space)
Explore Highest position: 171 on Monday, April 6, 2009
31°
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July 15, 2022
Severe/Tornado Warned Storm between Wynyard - Edgeley SK Canada
YOWIE WOWIE !!!! WHAT A BEAST !!!
South of Govan looking West
This day’s forecasting was a challenge! It was one of those day that from the night before to the next am, everything shifted and then shifted again and again.
Originally, my target was around Raymore or Southey. (And I was watching for the models to shift to the North West like it has been in the past so in my mind, Foam Lake haha).
I was also seeing the days events happen in 2 phases. One earlier on in the day (1-3pm) and the next weather event starting between 4-6 pm. The storms did sort of follow this, but earlier.
The first system began forming around 11:15 am as it went through Allen Sk and dropped a Landspout Tornado. At the point, I was in my vehicle and heading towards Foam Lake to start the chase day!
I had my live stream fired up just East of Wynyard at 2pm to officially start my chase day.
Around 3:41 pm, I was South of Jansen on a storm with a nice base. I followed it till it’s death around 5pm when I then headed towards Lockwood.
From there, I could see the base of the storm to my South West and it was looking nice, even from afar! I blasted South to keep out of it’s direct path and to stay dry. I also forgot at that moment that between myself and the storm (was around Imperial), was Last Mountain Lake.
That prevented my plan of getting to the South side of it, so I did the next best thing and blasted South of Govan and went West on a grid road. Around 6:15pm I had some absolutely incredible storm structure !!!
It actually kept getting better, and better and better!
After watching that storm for quite a while, I picked my jaw up off the ground and dropped South towards Strasbourg. Things got a little intense while driving as on the way there, I was near some rotation to my West.
Once I get to Strasbourg, it got a little intense yet again as the entire sky was rotating and for a moment I had a sick feeling that the town was about to get struck by a Tornado!
Luckily, that did not happen!
From there, I headed towards Fairy Hill and seen yet again, some insane sky structure!
The day just didn’t want to end, haha!!!
After that, I headed towards Piapot where I got near some rotation yet again. While that was happening, just East of me at Edenwold, there was a funnel cloud reported by another chaser.
The storm had a dangerous core in it and was moving the exact same direction as me so I decided to let it go. I slowly made my way to Edenwold and there, as the storm was now East of me, I witnessed some of the most beautiful Mammatus Clouds I’ve ever seen to date!
I watched them for a bit, and then that’s when the insane lighting show began.
What a hell of a beautiful chase day!!!
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Information from: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Cod
Cape Cod
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the area of Massachusetts. For other uses, see Cape Cod (disambiguation).
For other uses, see Cod (disambiguation).
Coordinates: 41°41′20″N 70°17′49″W / 41.68889°N 70.29694°W / 41.68889; -70.29694
Map of Massachusetts, with Cape Cod (Barnstable County) indicated in red
Dunes on Sandy Neck are part of the Cape's barrier beach which helps to prevent erosion
Cape Cod, often referred to locally as simply the Cape, is an island and a cape in the easternmost portion of the state of Massachusetts, in the Northeastern United States. It is coextensive with Barnstable County. Several small islands right off Cape Cod, including Monomoy Island, Monomoscoy Island, Popponesset Island, and Seconsett Island, are also in Barnstable County, being part of municipalities with land on the Cape. The Cape's small-town character and large beachfront attract heavy tourism during the summer months.
Cape Cod was formed as the terminal moraine of a glacier, resulting in a peninsula in the Atlantic Ocean. In 1914, the Cape Cod Canal was cut through the base or isthmus of the peninsula, forming an island. The Cape Cod Commission refers to the resultant landmass as an island; as does the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) in regards to disaster preparedness.[1] It is still identified as a peninsula by geographers, who do not change landform designations based on man-made canal construction.[citation needed]
Unofficially, it is one of the biggest barrier islands in the world, shielding much of the Massachusetts coastline from North Atlantic storm waves. This protection helps to erode the Cape shoreline at the expense of cliffs, while protecting towns from Fairhaven to Marshfield.
Road vehicles from the mainland cross over the Cape Cod Canal via the Sagamore Bridge and the Bourne Bridge. The two bridges are parallel, with the Bourne Bridge located slightly farther southwest. In addition, the Cape Cod Canal Railroad Bridge carries railway freight as well as tourist passenger services.
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Geography and political divisions
o 1.1 "Upper" and "Lower"
* 2 Geology
* 3 Climate
* 4 Native population
* 5 History
* 6 Lighthouses of Cape Cod
* 7 Transportation
o 7.1 Bus
o 7.2 Rail
o 7.3 Taxi
* 8 Tourism
* 9 Sport fishing
* 10 Sports
* 11 Education
* 12 Islands off Cape Cod
* 13 See also
* 14 References
o 14.1 Notes
o 14.2 Sources
o 14.3 Further reading
* 15 External links
[edit] Geography and political divisions
Towns of Barnstable County
historical map of 1890
The highest elevation on Cape Cod is 306 feet (93 m), at the top of Pine Hill, in the Bourne portion of the Massachusetts Military Reservation. The lowest point is sea level.
The body of water located between Cape Cod and the mainland, bordered to the north by Massachusetts Bay, is Cape Cod Bay; west of Cape Cod is Buzzards Bay. The Cape Cod Canal, completed in 1916, connects Buzzards Bay to Cape Cod Bay; it shortened the trade route between New York and Boston by 62 miles.[2] To the south of Cape Cod lie Nantucket Sound; Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard, both large islands, and the mostly privately owned Elizabeth Islands.
Cape Cod incorporates all of Barnstable County, which comprises 15 towns: Bourne, Sandwich, Falmouth, and Mashpee, Barnstable, Yarmouth, Dennis, Harwich, Brewster, Chatham, Orleans, Eastham, Wellfleet, Truro, and Provincetown. Two of the county's fifteen towns (Bourne and Sandwich) include land on the mainland side of the Cape Cod Canal. The towns of Plymouth and Wareham, in adjacent Plymouth County, are sometimes considered to be part of Cape Cod but are not located on the island.
In the 17th century the designation Cape Cod applied only to the tip of the peninsula, essentially present-day Provincetown. Over the ensuing decades, the name came to mean all the land east of the Manomet and Scussett rivers - essentially the line of the 20th century Cape Cod Canal. Now, the complete towns of Bourne and Sandwich are widely considered to incorporate the full perimeter of Cape Cod, even though small parts of these towns are located on the west side of the canal. The canal divides the largest part of the peninsula from the mainland and the resultant landmass is sometimes referred to as an island.[3][4] Additionally some "Cape Codders" – residents of "The Cape" – refer to all land on the mainland side of the canal as "off-Cape."
For most of the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries, Cape Cod was considered to consist of three sections:
* The Upper Cape is the part of Cape Cod closest to the mainland, comprising the towns of Bourne, Sandwich, Falmouth, and Mashpee. Falmouth is the home of the famous Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and several other research organizations, and is also the most-used ferry connection to Martha's Vineyard. Falmouth is composed of several separate villages, including East Falmouth, Falmouth Village, Hatchville, North Falmouth, Teaticket, Waquoit, West Falmouth, and Woods Hole, as well as several smaller hamlets that are incorporated into their larger neighbors (e.g., Davisville, Falmouth Heights, Quissett, Sippewissett, and others).[5]
* The Mid-Cape includes the towns of Barnstable, Yarmouth and Dennis. The Mid-Cape area features many beautiful beaches, including warm-water beaches along Nantucket Sound, e.g., Kalmus Beach in Hyannis, which gets its name from one of the inventors of Technicolor, Herbert Kalmus. This popular windsurfing destination was bequeathed to the town of Barnstable by Dr. Kalmus on condition that it not be developed, possibly one of the first instances of open-space preservation in the US. The Mid-Cape is also the commercial and industrial center of the region. There are seven villages in Barnstable, including Barnstable Village, Centerville, Cotuit, Hyannis, Marstons Mills, Osterville, and West Barnstable, as well as several smaller hamlets that are incorporated into their larger neighbors (e.g., Craigville, Cummaquid, Hyannisport, Santuit, Wianno, and others).[6] There are three villages in Yarmouth: South Yarmouth, West Yarmouth and Yarmouthport. There are five villages in Dennis including, Dennis Village(North Dennis), East Dennis, West Dennis, South Dennis and Dennisport.[7]
* The Lower Cape traditionally included all of the rest of the Cape,or the towns of Harwich, Brewster, Chatham, Orleans, Eastham, Wellfleet, Truro, and Provincetown. This area includes the Cape Cod National Seashore, a national park comprising much of the outer Cape, including the entire east-facing coast, and is home to some of the most popular beaches in America, such as Coast Guard Beach and Nauset Light Beach in Eastham. Stephen Leatherman, aka "Dr. Beach", named Coast Guard Beach the 5th best beach in America for 2007.[8]
[edit] "Upper" and "Lower"
The terms "Upper" and "Lower" as applied to the Cape have nothing to do with north and south. Instead, they derive from maritime convention at the time when the principal means of transportation involved watercraft, and the prevailing westerly winds meant that a boat with sails traveling northeast in Cape Cod Bay would have the wind at its back and thus be going downwind, while a craft sailing southwest would be going against the wind, or upwind.[9] Similarly, on nearby Martha's Vineyard, "Up Island" still is the western section and "Down Island" is to the east, and in Maine, "Down East" is similarly defined by the winds and currents.
Over time, the reasons for the traditional nomenclature became unfamiliar and their meaning obscure. Late in the 1900s, new arrivals began calling towns from Eastham to Provincetown the "Outer Cape", yet another geographic descriptor which is still in use, as is the "Inner Cape."
[edit] Geology
Cape Cod and Cape Cod Bay from space.[10]
East of America, there stands in the open Atlantic the last fragment of an ancient and vanished land. Worn by the breakers and the rains, and disintegrated by the wind, it still stands bold.
“
”
Henry Beston, The Outermost House
Cape Cod forms a continuous archipelagic region with a thin line of islands stretching toward New York, historically known by naturalists as the Outer Lands. This continuity is due to the fact that the islands and Cape are all terminal glacial moraines laid down some 16,000 to 20,000 years ago.
Most of Cape Cod's geological history involves the advance and retreat of the Laurentide ice sheet in the late Pleistocene geological era and the subsequent changes in sea level. Using radiocarbon dating techniques, researchers have determined that around 23,000 years ago, the ice sheet reached its maximum southward advance over North America, and then started to retreat. Many "kettle ponds" — clear, cold lakes — were formed and remain on Cape Cod as a result of the receding glacier. By about 18,000 years ago, the ice sheet had retreated past Cape Cod. By roughly 15,000 years ago, it had retreated past southern New England. When so much of Earth's water was locked up in massive ice sheets, the sea level was lower. Truro's bayside beaches used to be a petrified forest, before it became a beach.
As the ice began to melt, the sea began to rise. Initially, sea level rose quickly, about 15 meters (50 ft) per 1,000 years, but then the rate declined. On Cape Cod, sea level rose roughly 3 meters (11 ft) per millennium between 6,000 and 2,000 years ago. After that, it continued to rise at about 1 meter (3 ft) per millennium. By 6,000 years ago, the sea level was high enough to start eroding the glacial deposits that the vanished continental ice sheet had left on Cape Cod. The water transported the eroded deposits north and south along the outer Cape's shoreline. Those reworked sediments that moved north went to the tip of Cape Cod.
Provincetown Spit, at the northern end of the Cape, consists largely of marine deposits, transported from farther up the shore. Sediments that moved south created the islands and shoals of Monomoy. So while other parts of the Cape have dwindled from the action of the waves, these parts of the Cape have grown.
Cape Cod National Seashore
This process continues today. Due to their position jutting out into the Atlantic Ocean, the Cape and islands are subject to massive coastal erosion. Geologists say that, due to erosion, the Cape will be completely submerged by the sea in thousands of years.[11] This erosion causes the washout of beaches and the destruction of the barrier islands; for example, the ocean broke through the barrier island at Chatham during Hurricane Bob in 1991, allowing waves and storm surges to hit the coast with no obstruction. Consequently, the sediment and sand from the beaches is being washed away and deposited elsewhere. While this destroys land in some places, it creates land elsewhere, most noticeably in marshes where sediment is deposited by waters running through them.
[edit] Climate
Although Cape Cod's weather[12] is typically more moderate than inland locations, there have been occasions where Cape Cod has dealt with the brunt of extreme weather situations (such as the Blizzard of 1954 and Hurricane of 1938). Because of the influence of the Atlantic Ocean, temperatures are typically a few degrees cooler in the summer and a few degrees warmer in the winter. A common misconception is that the climate is influenced largely by the warm Gulf Stream current, however that current turns eastward off the coast of Virginia and the waters off the Cape are more influenced by the cold Canadian Labrador Current. As a result, the ocean temperature rarely gets above 65 °F (18 °C), except along the shallow west coast of the Upper Cape.
The Cape's climate is also notorious for a delayed spring season, being surrounded by an ocean which is still cold from the winter; however, it is also known for an exceptionally mild fall season (Indian summer), thanks to the ocean remaining warm from the summer. The highest temperature ever recorded on Cape Cod was 104 °F (40 °C) in Provincetown[13], and the lowest temperature ever was −12 °F (−24.4 °C) in Barnstable.[14]
The water surrounding Cape Cod moderates winter temperatures enough to extend the USDA hardiness zone 7a to its northernmost limit in eastern North America.[15] Even though zone 7a (annual low = 0–5 degrees Fahrenheit) signifies no sub-zero temperatures annually, there have been several instances of temperatures reaching a few degrees below zero across the Cape (although it is rare, usually 1–5 times a year, typically depending on locale, sometimes not at all). Consequently, many plant species typically found in more southerly latitudes grow there, including Camellias, Ilex opaca, Magnolia grandiflora and Albizia julibrissin.
Precipitation on Cape Cod and the islands of Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket is the lowest in the New England region, averaging slightly less than 40 inches (1,000 mm) a year (most parts of New England average 42–46 inches). This is due to storm systems which move across western areas, building up in mountainous regions, and dissipating before reaching the coast where the land has leveled out. The region does not experience a greater number of sunny days however, as the number of cloudy days is the same as inland locales, in addition to increased fog. Snowfall is annual, but a lot less common than the rest of Massachusetts. On average, 30 inches of snow, which is a foot less than Boston, falls in an average winter. Snow is usually light, and comes in squalls on cold days. Storms that bring blizzard conditions and snow emergencies to the mainland, bring devastating ice storms or just heavy rains more frequently than large snow storms.
[hide]Climate data for Cape Cod
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 2.06
(35.7) 2.5
(36.5) 6.22
(43.2) 11.72
(53.1) 16.94
(62.5) 23.5
(74.3) 26.39
(79.5) 26.67
(80.0) 25.06
(77.1) 18.39
(65.1) 12.56
(54.6) 5.44
(41.8) 26.67
(80.0)
Average low °C (°F) -5.33
(22.4) -5
(23.0) -1.33
(29.6) 2.72
(36.9) 8.72
(47.7) 14.61
(58.3) 19.22
(66.6) 20.28
(68.5) 15.56
(60.0) 9.94
(49.9) 3.94
(39.1) -2.22
(28.0) -5.33
(22.4)
Precipitation mm (inches) 98
(3.86) 75.4
(2.97) 95
(3.74) 92.5
(3.64) 83.6
(3.29) 76.7
(3.02) 62.2
(2.45) 65
(2.56) 74.7
(2.94) 84.8
(3.34) 90.7
(3.57) 92.7
(3.65) 990.9
(39.01)
Source: World Meteorological Organisation (United Nations) [16]
[edit] Native population
Cape Cod has been the home of the Wampanoag tribe of Native American people for many centuries. They survived off the sea and were accomplished farmers. They understood the principles of sustainable forest management, and were known to light controlled fires to keep the underbrush in check. They helped the Pilgrims, who arrived in the fall of 1620, survive at their new Plymouth Colony. At the time, the dominant group was the Kakopee, known for their abilities at fishing. They were the first Native Americans to use large casting nets. Early colonial settlers recorded that the Kakopee numbered nearly 7,000.
Shortly after the Pilgrims arrived, the chief of the Kakopee, Mogauhok, attempted to make a treaty limiting colonial settlements. The effort failed after he succumbed to smallpox in 1625. Infectious diseases such as smallpox, measles and influenza caused the deaths of many other Kakopee and Wampanoag. They had no natural immunity to Eurasian diseases by then endemic among the English and other Europeans. Today, the only reminder of the Kakopee is a small public recreation area in Barnstable named for them. A historic marker notes the burial site of Mogauhok near Truro, although the location is conjecture.
While contractors were digging test wells in the eastern Massachusetts Military Reservation area, they discovered an archeological find.[citation needed] Excavation revealed the remains of a Kakopee village in Forestdale, a location in Sandwich. Researchers found a totem with a painted image of Mogauhok, portrayed in his chief's cape and brooch. The totem was discovered on property on Grand Oak Road. It is the first evidence other than colonial accounts of his role as an important Kakopee leader.
The Indians lost their lands through continued purchase and expropriation by the English colonists. The documentary Natives of the Narrowland (1993), narrated by actress Julie Harris, shows the history of the Wampanoag people through Cape Cod archaeological sites.
In 1974, the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribal Council was formed to articulate the concerns of those with Native American ancestry. They petitioned the federal government in 1975 and again in 1990 for official recognition of the Mashpee Wampanoag as a tribe. In May 2007, the Wampanoag tribe was finally federally recognized as a tribe.[17]
[edit] History
Cranberry picking in 1906
Cape Cod was a landmark for early explorers. It may have been the "Promontory of Vinland" mentioned by the Norse voyagers (985-1025). Giovanni da Verrazzano in 1524 approached it from the south. He named Martha's Vineyard Claudia, after the mother of the King of France.[18] The next year the explorer Esteban Gómez called it Cape St. James.
In 1602 Bartholomew Gosnold named it Cape Cod, the surviving term and the ninth oldest English place-name in the U.S.[19] Samuel de Champlain charted its sand-silted harbors in 1606 and Henry Hudson landed there in 1609. Captain John Smith noted it on his map of 1614 and at last the Pilgrims entered the "Cape Harbor" and – contrary to the popular myth of Plymouth Rock – made their first landing near present-day Provincetown on November 11, 1620. Nearby, in what is now Eastham, they had their first encounter with Native Americans.
Cape Cod was among the first places settled by the English in North America. Aside from Barnstable (1639), Sandwich (1637) and Yarmouth (1639), the Cape's fifteen towns developed slowly. The final town to be established on the Cape was Bourne in 1884.[20] Provincetown was a group of huts until the 18th century. A channel from Massachusetts Bay to Buzzards Bay is shown on Southack's map of 1717. The present Cape Cod Canal was slowly developed from 1870 to 1914. The Federal government purchased it in 1928.
Thanks to early colonial settlement and intensive land use, by the time Henry Thoreau saw Cape Cod during his four visits over 1849 to 1857[21], its vegetation was depauperate and trees were scarce. As the settlers heated by fires, and it took 10 to 20 cords (40 to 80 m³) of wood to heat a home, they cleared most of Cape Cod of timber early on. They planted familiar crops, but these were unsuited to Cape Cod's thin, glacially derived soils. For instance, much of Eastham was planted to wheat. The settlers practiced burning of woodlands to release nutrients into the soil. Improper and intensive farming led to erosion and the loss of topsoil. Farmers grazed their cattle on the grassy dunes of coastal Massachusetts, only to watch "in horror as the denuded sands `walked' over richer lands, burying cultivated fields and fences." Dunes on the outer Cape became more common and many harbors filled in with eroded soils.[22]
By 1800, most of Cape Cod's firewood had to be transported by boat from Maine. The paucity of vegetation was worsened by the raising of merino sheep that reached its peak in New England around 1840. The early industrial revolution, which occurred through much of Massachusetts and Rhode Island, mostly bypassed Cape Cod due to a lack of significant water power in the area. As a result, and also because of its geographic position, the Cape developed as a large fishing and whaling center. After 1860 and the opening of the American West, farmers abandoned agriculture on the Cape. By 1950 forests had recovered to an extent not seen since the 18th century.
Cape Cod became a summer haven for city dwellers beginning at the end of the 19th century. Improved rail transportation made the towns of the Upper Cape, such as Bourne and Falmouth, accessible to Bostonians. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the Northeastern mercantile elite built many large, shingled "cottages" along Buzzards Bay. The relaxed summer environment offered by Cape Cod was highlighted by writers including Joseph C. Lincoln, who published novels and countless short stories about Cape Cod folks in popular magazines such as the Saturday Evening Post and the Delineator.
Guglielmo Marconi made the first transatlantic wireless transmission originating in the United States from Cape Cod, at Wellfleet. The beach from which he transmitted has since been called Marconi Beach. In 1914 he opened the maritime wireless station WCC in Chatham. It supported the communications of Amelia Earhart, Howard Hughes, Admiral Byrd, and the Hindenburg. Marconi chose Chatham due to its vantage point on the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded on three sides by water. Walter Cronkite narrated a 17-minute documentary in 2005 about the history of the Chatham Station.
Much of the East-facing Atlantic seacoast of Cape Cod consists of wide, sandy beaches. In 1961, a significant portion of this coastline, already slated for housing subdivisions, was made a part of the Cape Cod National Seashore by President John F. Kennedy. It was protected from private development and preserved for public use. Large portions are open to the public, including the Marconi Site in Wellfleet. This is a park encompassing the site of the first two-way transoceanic radio transmission from the United States. (Theodore Roosevelt used Marconi's equipment for this transmission).
The Kennedy Compound in Hyannisport was President Kennedy's summer White House during his presidency. The Kennedy family continues to maintain residences on the compound. Other notable residents of Cape Cod have included actress Julie Harris, US Supreme Court justice Louis Brandeis, figure skater Todd Eldredge, and novelists Norman Mailer and Kurt Vonnegut. Influential natives included the patriot James Otis, historian and writer Mercy Otis Warren, jurist Lemuel Shaw, and naval officer John Percival.
[edit] Lighthouses of Cape Cod
Race Point Lighthouse in Provincetown (1876)
Lighthouses, from ancient times, have fascinated members of the human race. There is something about a lighted beacon that suggests hope and trust and appeals to the better instincts of mankind.
“
”
Edward Rowe Snow
Due to its dangerous constantly moving shoals, Cape Cod's shores have featured beacons which warn ships of the danger since very early in its history. There are numerous working lighthouses on Cape Cod and the Islands, including Highland Light, Nauset Light, Chatham Light, Race Point Light, and Nobska Light, mostly operated by the U.S. Coast Guard. The exception is Nauset Light, which was decommissioned in 1996 and is now maintained by the Nauset Light Preservation Society under the auspices of Cape Cod National Seashore. These lighthouses are frequently photographed symbols of Cape Cod.
Others include:
Upper Cape: Wings Neck
Mid Cape: Sandy Neck, South Hyannis, Lewis Bay, Bishop and Clerks, Bass River
Lower Cape: Wood End, Long Point, Monomoy, Stage Harbor, Pamet, Mayo Beach, Billingsgate, Three Sisters, Nauset, Highland
[edit] Transportation
Cape Cod is connected to the mainland by a pair of canal-spanning highway bridges from Bourne and Sagamore that were constructed in the 1930s, and a vertical-lift railroad bridge. The limited number of access points to the peninsula can result in large traffic backups during the tourist season.
The entire Cape is roughly bisected lengthwise by U.S. Route 6, locally known as the Mid-Cape Highway and officially as the Grand Army of the Republic Highway.
Commercial air service to Cape Cod operates out of Barnstable Municipal Airport and Provincetown Municipal Airport. Several bus lines service the Cape. There are ferry connections from Boston to Provincetown, as well as from Hyannis and Woods Hole to the islands.
Cape Cod has a public transportation network comprising buses operated by three different companies, a rail line, taxis and paratransit services.
The Bourne Bridge over the Cape Cod Canal, with the Cape Cod Canal Railroad Bridge in the background
[edit] Bus
Cape Cod Regional Transit Authority operates a year-round public bus system comprising three long distance routes and a local bus in Hyannis and Barnstable Village. From mid June until October, additional local routes are added in Falmouth and Provincetown. CCRTA also operates Barnstable County's ADA required paratransit (dial-a-ride) service, under the name "B-Bus."
Long distance bus service is available through Plymouth and Brockton Street Railway, with regular service to Boston and Logan Airport, as well as less frequent service to Provincetown. Peter Pan Bus Lines also runs long distance service to Providence T.F. Green Airport and New York City.
[edit] Rail
Regular passenger rail service through Cape Cod ended in 1959, quite possibly on June 30 of that year. In 1978, the tracks east of South Dennis were abandoned and replaced with the very popular bicycle path, known as the Cape Cod Rail Trail. Another bike path, the Shining Sea Bikeway, was built over tracks between Woods Hole and Falmouth in 1975; construction to extend this path to North Falmouth over 6.3 miles (10.1 km) of inactive rail bed began in April 2008[23] and ended in early 2009. Active freight service remains in the Upper Cape area in Sandwich and in Bourne, largely due to a trash transfer station located at Massachusetts Military Reservation along the Bourne-Falmouth rail line. In 1986, Amtrak ran a seasonal service in the summer from New York City to Hyannis called the Cape Codder. From 1988, Amtrak and the Massachusetts Department of Transportation increased service to a daily frequency.[24] Since its demise in 1996, there have been periodic discussions about reinstating passenger rail service from Boston to reduce car traffic to and from the Cape, with officials in Bourne seeking to re-extend MBTA Commuter Rail service from Middleboro to Buzzards Bay[25], despite a reluctant Beacon Hill legislature.
Cape Cod Central Railroad operates passenger train service on Cape Cod. The service is primarily tourist oriented and includes a dinner train. The scenic route between Downtown Hyannis and the Cape Cod Canal is about 2½ hours round trip. Massachusetts Coastal Railroad is also planning to return passenger railroad services eventually to the Bourne-Falmouth rail line in the future. An August 5, 2009 article on the New England Cable News channel, entitled South Coast rail project a priority for Mass. lawmakers, mentions a $1.4-billion railroad reconstruction plan by Governor Deval Patrick, and could mean rebuilding of old rail lines on the Cape. On November 21, 2009, the town of Falmouth saw its first passenger train in 12 years, a set of dinner train cars from Cape Cod Central. And a trip from the Mass Bay Railroad Enthusiasts on May 15, 2010 revealed a second trip along the Falmouth line.
[edit] Taxi
Taxicabs are plentiful, with several different companies operating out of different parts of the Cape. Except at the airport and some bus terminals with taxi stands, cabs must be booked ahead of time, with most operators preferring two to three hours notice. Cabs cannot be "hailed" anywhere in Barnstable County, this was outlawed in the early nineties after several robbery attempts on drivers.
Most companies utilize a New York City-style taximeter and charge based on distance plus an initial fee of $2 to $3. In Provincetown, cabs charge a flat fare per person anywhere in the town.
[edit] Tourism
Hyannis Harbor on Nantucket Sound
Although Cape Cod has a year-round population of about 230,000, it experiences a tourist season each summer, the beginning and end of which can be roughly approximated as Memorial Day and Labor Day, respectively. Many businesses are specifically targeted to summer visitors, and close during the eight to nine months of the "off season" (although the "on season" has been expanding somewhat in recent years due to Indian Summer, reduced lodging rates, and the number of people visiting the Cape after Labor Day who either have no school-age children, and the elderly, reducing the true "off season" to six or seven months). In the late 20th century, tourists and owners of second homes began visiting the Cape more and more in the spring and fall, softening the definition of the high season and expanding it somewhat (see above). Some particularly well-known Cape products and industries include cranberries, shellfish (particularly oysters and clams) and lobstering.
Provincetown, at the tip of Cape Cod, also berths several whale watching fleets who patrol the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary. Most fleets guarantee a whale sighting (mostly humpback whale, fin whale, minke whale, sei whale, and critically endangered, the North Atlantic Right Whale), and one is the only federally certified operation qualified to rescue whales. Provincetown has also long been known as an art colony, attracting writers and artists. The town is home to the Cape's most attended art museum, the Provincetown Art Association and Museum. Many hotels and resorts are friendly to or cater to gay and lesbian tourists and it is known as a gay mecca in the summer.[26]
Cape Cod is a popular destination for beachgoers from all over. With 559.6 miles (900.6 km) of coastline, beaches, both public and private, are easily accessible. The Cape has upwards of sixty public beaches, many of which offer parking for non-residents for a daily fee (in summer). The Cape Cod National Seashore has 40 miles (64 km) of sandy beach and many walking paths.
Cape Cod is also popular for its outdoor activities like beach walking, biking, boating, fishing, go-karts, golfing, kayaking, miniature golf, and unique shopping. There are 27 public, daily-fee golf courses and 15 private courses on Cape Cod.[27] Bed and breakfasts or vacation houses are often used for lodging.
Each summer the Naukabout Music Festival is held at the Barnstable County Fair Grounds located in East Falmouth,(typically) during the first weekend of August. This Music festival features local, regional and national talent along with food, arts and family friendly activities.
[edit] Sport fishing
Cape Cod is known around the world as a spring-to-fall destination for sport anglers. Among the species most widely pursued are striped bass, bluefish, bluefin tuna, false albacore (little tunny), bonito, tautog, flounder and fluke. The Cape Cod Bay side of the Cape, from Sandwich to Provincetown, has several harbors, saltwater creeks, and shoals that hold bait fish and attract the larger game fish, such as striped bass, bluefish and bluefin tuna.
The outer edge of the Cape, from Provincetown to Falmouth, faces the open Atlantic from Provincetown to Chatham, and then the more protected water of Nantucket and Vineyard Sounds, from Chatham to Falmouth. The bays, harbors and shoals along this coastline also provide a robust habitat for game species, and during the late summer months warm-water species such as mahi-mahi and marlin will also appear on the southern edge of Cape Cod's waters. Nearly every harbor on Cape Cod hosts sport fishing charter boats, which run from May through October.[28]
[edit] Sports
The Cape has nine amateur baseball franchises playing within Barnstable County in the Cape Cod Baseball League. The Wareham Gatemen also play in the Cape Cod Baseball League in nearby Wareham, Massachusetts in Plymouth County. The league originated 1923, although intertown competition traces to 1866. Teams in the league are the Bourne Braves, Brewster Whitecaps, Chatham Anglers (formerly the Chatham Athletics), Cotuit Kettleers, Falmouth Commodores, Harwich Mariners, Hyannis Harbor Hawks (formerly the Hyannis Mets), Orleans Firebirds (formerly the Orleans Cardinals), Wareham Gatemen and the Yarmouth-Dennis Red Sox. Pro ball scouts frequent the games in the summer, looking for stars of the future.
Cape Cod is also a national hot bed for baseball and hockey. Along with the Cape Cod Baseball League and the new Junior Hockey League team, the Cape Cod Cubs, many high school players are being seriously recruited as well. Barnstable and Harwich have each sent multiple players to Division 1 colleges for baseball, Harwich has also won three State titles in the past 12 years (1996, 2006, 2007). Bourne and Sandwich, known rivals in hockey have won state championships recently. Bourne in 2004, and Sandwich in 2007. Nauset, Barnstable, and Martha's Vineyard are also state hockey powerhouses. Barnstable and Falmouth also hold the title of having one of the longest Thanksgiving football rivalries in the country. The teams have played each other every year on the Thanksgiving since 1895. The Bourne and Barnstable girl's volleyball teams are two of the best teams in the state and Barnstable in the country. With Bourne winning the State title in 2003 and 2007. In the past 15 years, Barnstable has won 12 Division 1 State titles and has won the state title the past two years.
The Cape also is home to the Cape Cod Frenzy, a team in the American Basketball Association.
Soccer on Cape Cod is represented by the Cape Cod Crusaders, playing in the USL Premier Development League (PDL) soccer based in Hyannis. In addition, a summer Cape Cod Adult Soccer League (CCASL) is active in several towns on the Cape.
Cape Cod is also the home of the Cape Cod Cubs, a new junior league hockey team that is based out of Hyannis at the new communtiy center being built of Bearses Way.
The end of each summer is marked with the running of the world famous Falmouth Road Race which is held on the 3rd Saturday in August. It draws about 10,000 runners to the Cape and showcases the finest runners in the world (mainly for the large purse that the race is able to offer). The race is 7.2 miles (11.6 km) long, which is a non-standard distance. The reason for the unusual distance is that the man who thought the race up (Tommy Leonard) was a bartender who wanted a race along the coast from one bar (The Cap'n Kidd in Woods Hole) to another (The Brothers Four in Falmouth Heights). While the bar in Falmouth Heights is no longer there, the race still starts at the front door of the Cap'n Kidd in Woods Hole and now finishes at the beach in Falmouth Heights. Prior to the Falmouth race is an annual 5-mile (8.0 km) race through Brewster called the Brew Run, held early in August.
[edit] Education
Each town usually consists of a few elementary schools, one or two middle schools and one large public high school that services the entire town. Exceptions to this include Dennis-Yarmouth Regional High School located in Yarmouth which services both the town of Yarmouth as well as Dennis and Nauset Regional High School located in Eastham which services the town of Brewster, Orleans, Eastham, Wellfleet, Truro, and Provincetown (optional). Bourne High School is the public school for students residing in the town of Bourne, which is gathered from villages in Bourne, including Sagamore, Sagamore Beach, and Buzzards Bay. Barnstable High School is the largest high school and is known for its girls' volleyball team which have been state champions a total of 12 times. Barnstable High School also boasts one of the country's best high school drama clubs which were awarded with a contract by Warner Brothers to created a documentary in webisode format based on their production of Wizard of Oz. Sturgis Charter Public School is a public school in Hyannis which was featured in Newsweek's Magazine's "Best High Schools" ranking. It ranked 28th in the country and 1st in the state of Massachusetts in the 2009 edition and ranked 43rd and 55th in the 2008 and 2007 edition, respectively. Sturgis offers the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme in their junior and senior year and is open to students as far as Plymouth. The Cape also contains two vocational high schools. One is the Cape Cod Regional Technical High School in Harwich and the other is Upper Cape Cod Regional Technical High School located in Bourne. Lastly, Mashpee High School is home to the Mashpee Chapter of (SMPTE,) the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. This chapter is the first and only high school chapter in the world to be a part of this organization and has received much recognition within the Los Angeles broadcasting industry as a result. The officers of this group who have made history are listed below:
* President: Ryan D. Stanley '11
* Vice-President Kenneth J. Peters '13
* Treasurer Eric N. Bergquist '11
* Secretary Andrew L. Medlar '11
In addition to public schools, Cape Cod has a wide range of private schools. The town of Barnstable has Trinity Christian Academy, Cape Cod Academy, St. Francis Xavier Preparatory School, and Pope John Paul II High School. Bourne offers the Waldorf School of Cape Cod, Orleans offers the Lighthouse Charter School for elementary and middle school students, and Falmouth offers Falmouth Academy. Riverview School is located in East Sandwich and is a special co-ed boarding school which services students as old as 22 who have learning disabilities. Another specialized school is the Penikese Island School located on Penikese Island, part of the Elizabeth Islands off southwestern Cape Cod, which services struggling and troubled teenage boys.
Cape Cod also contains two institutions of higher education. One is the Cape Cod Community College located in West Barnstable, Barnstable. The other is Massachusetts Maritime Academy in Buzzards Bay, Bourne. Massachusetts Maritime Academy is the oldest continuously operating maritime college in the United States.
[edit] Islands off Cape Cod
Like Cape Cod itself, the islands south of the Cape have evolved from whaling and trading areas to resort destinations, attracting wealthy families, celebrities, and other tourists. The islands include Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard, as well as Forbes family-owned Naushon Island, which was purchased by John Murray Forbes with profits from opium dealing in the China trade during the Opium War. Naushon is one of the Elizabeth Islands, many of which are privately owned. One of the publicly accessible Elizabeths is the southernmost island in the chain, Cuttyhunk, with a year-round population of 52 people. Several prominent families have established compounds or estates on the larger islands, making these islands some of the wealthiest resorts in the Northeast, yet they retain much of the early merchant trading and whaling culture.
Set in the beautiful grounds of Cockington Court there has been a church on the ground where the present church stands from Saxon times. The original place of worship was a chapel thought to have been built by William de Falesia a Norman who had many areas of Devon and Somerset given to him after the Conquest of 1066.
The main structure
The first part of the church to be built was the Chancel in c.1069 followed by the castellated tower built in the Romanesque style in c.1236. in 1297 part of the northern isle was added which was further extended c.1400 along with the construction of the west porch parvise. Then prior to 1780 the chancel was added.
The tower stands 66 feet tall and with walls 6 feet thick in places. There are three floors which are believed to have been the accommodation for the priest in residence who would have been provided by the Canons at Torre Abbey. There is a fire place and drain in the first floor floor room (now the bell ringing chamber) which further support this theory.
There is also evidence of it being not just a church tower but a place of refuge from local pirates. By the front door there is an oak beam 6 feet 4 inches long that can be slid across when the door is closed to prevent any attempt to charge down the door and the walls of the tower contain several arrow slits.
Colorful autumn twilight. In the photo: red shrubs - scoopia and golden poplars.
Buruns - undulating sand mounds, sediments.
State natural reserve of regional significance "Stepan Bugor". Located on the Tersko-Kuma lowland in the north-eastern part of the Kursk region. The reserve’s profile is biological, located in the steppe zone of the Stavropol Territory, formed to preserve the natural grassy phytocenosis inherent in the North Tereklinsky sands, planted to prevent wind erosion of the land.
The end of October, 2019. Photo project “Discovering the Stavropol Territory”.
37128 & 194 (both TI - FGET), 31219, 31250 (both SF - DCAA) & 31??? - Broxbourne Up Yard - afternoon - 13/05/89 (Four un-identified Ballast / Civil Engineers trains [out stabled from Leyton Engineers Depot & Romford Overhead Line Depot, due to Engineering Work preventing them from getting to there WON possessions on Saturday night).
By May 1927, the Mississippi River below Memphis, Tennessee, reached a width of 60 miles (97 km) and submerged an area of the Mississippi Delta nearly the size of New England. The Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 was the most destructive river flood in the history of the United States, with 27,000 square miles inundated up to a depth of 30 feet. To prevent future floods, the government built the world's longest system of levees and floodways. Many African-Americans displaced from their homes along the Lower Mississippi River started a large migration North to the industrial cities
walking up to Bispham you have a lovely view of the sea and up to Cleveleys. Sunset was a little disappointing though, the barrier of cloud prevented the sun from setting over the sea.
Every year in November the UK will celebrate Armistice and Remembrance Day. And in October, the decorations go up, such as this poppy. Remembering the dead of World War One is a big thing in the UK, and all the leading sections of society are behind it, from royalty and government down to the village level. This is, therefore, a legitimate and public opportunity for everybody to remember and, perhaps, to express one's unhappiness too about the fact that wars seem to continue without an end in sight. Mourning the war dead and taking active steps to prevent or stop a war are two very different things. If we wished to support the latter, we would have to step outside of this publicly accepted channel and address the controversial issues of today. Poppies or not. Fuji X-E2, 7Artisans 35/1.2.
A reflection of the day. If I could have seen so clearly ahead of me to all the great walks I remember on those hills I might have prevented the sky falling into a hole before me. The sky scowled in anger, moody clouds in the wings, and me just the wrong side of where I wanted to be, mourning my regret.
I didn't write this but I confess it is mighty similar to some of the nonsense I produce:
Hidden away on a bleak edge of the south west part of the Staffordshire Peak District is Blake Meer, or Black Mere Pool, sometimes known as Blackmere Pond, which, according to local legend has its very own mermaid. It was believed to be a bottomless pool though in more modern times it has been proved otherwise. According to local legend Blake Mere is reputed to be linked to nearby Doxey Pool by a "U" shaped tunnel. Both are a similar height above sea level and maintain similar water levels but one has been shown to be higher than the other and the local geology is not thought to uphold the notion of a tunnel.
Landlocked Blake Mere Pool
What is a mermaid doing in Staffordshire, a landlocked county in England with Blake Mere Pool many miles from the nearest sea? There are legends of other pools with mermaids inhabiting them in the Peak District and other parts of England also miles distant from the sea. Some are said to be linked to the sea by a tunnel which the mermaid traverses at certain times of the year such as Easter. Blake Mere Pool has two very different explanations concerning the origin of its mermaid.
For the love of a sailor!
One account tells how a sailor from Thorncliffe, a nearby town, fell in love with a mermaid he met on one of his voyages and brought her to the pool so that they could both live close together. However he was a mortal and she was an immortal being and the sailor eventually died leaving her in the pool all alone.
She is said to have wept bitterly at his death and pined and pined over many long years for her love. She longed to leave the small, land-locked lake which now seemed like a prison to her and yearned to return to the freedom of the open sea but could not do so because it was so far away. Eventually she grew bitter and angry towards humans and haunted the lake, luring people to their death.
The condemned girl
The other account is more violent and brutal and tells of how a beautiful local girl refused the affections of Joshua Linnet, a local man. Linnet, furious at being spurned falsely accused the girl of witchcraft. She was tried and sentenced to death by drowning in Blake Mere Pool.
As she drowned, with her dying breath she is said to have cursed Linnet. His body was found three days after at the side of the pool with his face bloodied and rent by claw marks. Local legend says that animals will not drink from the pool, or birds fly over, or settle on it, because the girl’s spirit turned into a mermaid and haunts the pool.
Sightings
Many people have claimed to have seen the mermaid. In the 19th century local people tried to drain the pool to see if it was indeed bottomless. They commenced digging a ditch from the southern banks of the lake. Evidence of this can still be seen.
As they were digging the Mermaid is said to have rose menacingly from the lake and frightened them into stopping the work. She warned them she would drown the local towns of Leekfrith and Leek unless they ceased immediately. Terrified they obeyed and returned home.
"Mere-maid" or mermaid?
In the second explanation it may be the spirit is a "mere-maid" rather than a mermaid. It may refer to the girl who was accused of witchcraft and sentenced to death by drowning.
What ever the original explanation it does seem extraordinary that mermaids are reputed to inhabit such pools of water so far from the sea. There are two other pools in the Peak District reputed to be the homes of mermaids, the Mermaid’s Pool, Kinder Scout and Doxey Pool. Like Black Mere Pool they are also said to be connected to the Atlantic Ocean. These are two common traits that are held by other pools in Britain that are reputedly the home of mermaids.
The Mermaid Inn
Nearby the pool is the 17th century Mermaid Inn is a Grade II listed 17th Century Coach Inn that has great traditional and modern facilities with marvellous views of the area. It is about 500 metres or a 10 minute walk to Blake Mere Pool from the inn.
Credit: zteve t evan