Also Known as: The Towers of Simon Rodia

A National Historic Landmark

Los Angeles County, CA

Listed: 04/13/1977

Designated an NHL: 12/14/90

Not only are the Towers acclaimed as a work of art and a marvel of engineering and structure, but they also vividly represent 20th-century American material culture.

The Watts Towers can be described both as sculpture and as architecture. Primarily, they are among the finest examples of American naive art and have gained wide recognition by distinguished art historians, students of folklife, and the most sophisticated international critics. The untutored, semiliterate Simon Rodia came to art in a totally spontaneous way and executed this complex sculpture over a 33-year period.

As unique permanent evidence of an Italian folk tradition transplanted to the U.S., a fact which long went unrecognized, the Watts Towers are an extraordinary incarnation of an immigrant's memories of his homeland and a testimony to his affection for his adopted Nation.

Finally, the Towers are of interest as engineering curiosities, for the two tallest towers most likely contain the longest slender reinforced concrete columns in the world constructed without bolts, welds, or rivets.

Rodia was born in the village of Rivolati in the state of Campania, east of Naples, sometime in the late 1870s. He received little, if any, formal education. His parents were peasants who farmed their own land and were relatively prosperous for the time. They were therefore able to send their son to America at the age of 12, to avoid being drafted into the Army.

(During the late 19th century, young men were regularly conscripted at the age of 15.) Rodia lived first in Pennsylvania, where he worked in the coal fields, and eventually came to the West Coast. In 1918 Rodia first appears on public record in Long Beach, and in 1921 he bought the property where his Towers now stand.

Sometime in the early 1920s, Rodia, then in his early 40s, began his monumental sculpture, working eight hours a day without holidays. (He was also working full-time as a construction helper for building contractors.) Rodia built the garden, Walls, and Towers entirely alone. He climbed the Towers with his lineman's safety belt, carrying a trowel, a bucket of cement hanging from one elbow, and a bucket of broken tiles, glass and seashells hanging from the other. In 1954 Rodia gave the property to a neighbor and moved to Martinez, California, where he had some relatives. He never returned to Watts. He died in 1965, speaking out only once about his Towers, after a film of his work was shown in Berkeley. This interview was brief and limited by the language barrier. He did say, "I want to do something for the United States because there are nice people in this country."

Rodia brought art and technology together in the Towers, and the tiles and wares found in them are a rich repository of the artistic influences and evidences of the technology of Southern California during the early and mid-20th century, when California styles, Craftsman and Spanish Colonial Revival or Mediterranean in particular, produced a diversity of decorative designs, which have attracted the attention of contemporary critics and presentday scholars. Rodia walked the streets and alleys of Los Angeles

to glean what was then regarded as the ephemera of daily life.

www.stgilescathedral.org.uk/

The Thistle Chapel

The Order of the Thistle is Scotland's great order of chivalry, and membership is considered to be one of the country's highest honours. The Order is traditionally given to Scots or people of Scots ancestry, who have given distinguished service. Appointments are entirely in the personal gift of the Sovereign.

The Order of the Thistle has roots in the Middle Ages, but the presentday order was largely created in 1687 by King James VII of Scotland (King James II of England). The nave of Holyrood Abbey was adapted as its chapel, but in 1688 the Abbey was ransacked by the Edinburgh mob, furious at King James' Roman Catholic allegiance. After that, the Knights of the Thistle had no chapel of their own for over 200 years.

The Thistle Chapel was designed by Robert Lorimer and finished in 1911. It contains stalls for the 16 knights, the Sovereign's stall and two Royal stalls. The chapel contains a wealth of detail, both religious and heraldic, and much of it peculiarly Scottish, including angels playing bagpipes.

Entered through a low-vaulted vestibule or ante-chapel at the east end of the Preston aisle, the chapel is a rectangle of three bays, with a polygonal eastern apse and a stone vault encrusted with a rich pattern of ribs and carved bosses. The effect is greatly enhanced by heraldic and figurative stained glass in the windows.

Along the sides of the chapel are the knights' stalls, which are capped by lavishly carved canopies with the helms and crests of the knights rising above. The richest effect of all, however, is reserved for the Sovereign's stall at the west end of the chapel.

The Origins of St Giles'

There is record of a parish church in Edinburgh by the year 854, served by a vicar from a monastic house, probably in England. It is possible that the first church, a modest affair, was in use for several centuries before it was formally dedicated by the bishop of St Andrews on 6 October 1243. The parish church of Edinburgh was subsequently reconsecrated and named in honour of the patron saint of the town, St Giles, whose feast day is celebrated on 1 September.

The Covenanters

In 1638, those opposed to King Charles’ plans to reintroduce episcopacy in Scotland signed the National Covenant. In 1643, following a split amongst those who disagreed with the king, the Solemn League and Covenant was drawn up and then ratified by the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, then meeting in the Preston Aisle of St Giles’. The National Covenant may still be seen today in the Preston Aisle.

That St Giles, a 7th century hermit (and, later, abbot) who lived in France, became the patron of both town and church was probably due to the ancient ties between Scotland and France.

According to legend, Giles was accidentally wounded by a huntsman in pursuit of a hind and, after his death in the early 8th century, there were dedicated to him hospitals and safe houses for cripples, beggars and lepers were established throughout England and Scotland within easy reach of the impoverished and the infirm. St Giles is usually depicted protecting a hind from an arrow, which had pierced his own body, a fine relief of which rests in the tympanum over the west (main) doors of the Cathedral.

St Giles' in the Middle Ages

St Giles' was founded in the 1120s when the Scottish royal family, the sons of Queen (Saint) Margaret and King Malcolm Canmore, especially David I (1124-1153) made strenuous efforts to spread Catholic Christian worship throughout the Scottish lowlands.

This church was probably quite small, Norman (i.e. Romanesque, with rounded arches and elaborate carving) in style, like others built at the same time. Few traces of it survive in the present building.

In 1385, a much larger church (early Gothic, pointed arches and simple octagonal pillars) was partially burned. No record has been found of the building of this second church. It was quickly repaired.

Over the next 150 years many chapels were added. These included chapels set up by the craftsmen's guilds of Edinburgh, chapels endowed by prominent merchants and nobles, and a chapel for a relic of St Giles. By the middle of the 16th century, there were around fifty altars in the church.

The Church becomes a Cathedral

For more than a century after the Reformation, worship in St Giles’ was disrupted by the disagreements about church government. In 1633, King Charles I appointed Scottish Episcopal bishops in Scotland and in 1635 William Forbes became the first bishop of the new diocese of Edinburgh, with St Giles’ as its cathedral, which it remained until 1638 and again from 1661-1689. That St Giles’ is commonly called a cathedral dates from this period.

St Giles' in the 20th and 21st Centuries

In 1911 the Thistle Chapel (architect: Sir Robert Lorimer) was completed, to be used by the Knights of the Thistle, Scotland's order of chivalry. Though small, it is in 15th century high Gothic style and full of elaborate carvings in wood and stone and of colourful heraldry.

Over the last hundred years or more, St Giles' has hosted important events including state occasions and services of national thanksgiving.

A new restoration programme began in 1977. In addition to essential repairs to roof, stone and glass, the interior has been lightened, the focus of worship moved from the east end to a new sanctuary in the middle of the church ("the crossing") and a magnificent new organ installed. Space has been converted from old cellars and crypts for meeting and eating. Much remains to be done

These photos show the landscape around river mile 126.5, where the Nez Perce (Nee-Mee-Poo) National Historic Trail crosses the Missouri River in the Upper Missouri River Breaks National Monument. "In June 1877, the Nez Perce led by Chiefs Joseph, Looking Glass,Tulhuulhulsuit and Whitebird, left their homelands and set out for Canada to avoid being confined on a reservation and to continue to live by the customs and traditions of their ancestors. The trail begins in Oregon and follows the 1,200+ mile journey through Idaho, Wyoming, and finally terminates in Montana, 40 miles from the Canadian border. The trail crosses the Missouri River at this location." (2017 BLM Boaters' Gude Judith Landing to James Kipp Recreation Area, Upper Missouri River Breaks National Monument, BLM/MT/GI-08/009 Rev. 11/17, p. 62)

"Battle of Cow Island Landing

Cow Island Landing was the location of a September 23-24, 1877, encounter between warriors belonging to five non-treaty Nez Perce bands and a small party of entrenched U.S. Army soldiers and civilian freight clerks. The clash occurred during the 1877 Nez Perce War, at the Cow Creek Landing which was then a commercial freight depot and landing located immediately above the mouth of Cow Creek on the Missouri River. The landing was constructed to enable overland shipping to Fort Benton during seasonal low water on the Missouri via the Cow Creek freight trail, which commenced at the landing. Two steamboats had recently unloaded freight,and a detachment of soldiers under Sergeant William Moelchert happened to be at the landing to retrieve supplies for engineers working upriver. On September 23, the Nez Perce unexpectedly crossed the Missouri River near the landing. Negotiations ensued between Nez Perce leaders and Moelchert regarding supplies sought by the Nez Perce. After Moelchert essentially denied the tribal requests for provisions, warriors opened fire on the soldiers and civilians. The soldiers and clerks took shelter in an irrigation ditch that had been recently dug around the clerks’ tents and effectively defended their position through the night from Nez Perce gunfire from the steep hills north of the landing.

"The Nez Perce took supplies from the tons of freight stored just north of the landing and camp and burned the remaining stores. The Nez Perce broke off the assault the following morning and resumed their trek north through Cow Creek Canyon in their attempt to reach refuge in Canada.

Approximately 70 miles from the river to the north, near presentday Chinook, Montana, is Bears Paw Battlefield where Chief Joseph surrendered on October 5, 1877, and is famed to have said, “Tell General Howard I know his heart. What he told me before, I have it in my heart. I am tired of fighting. Our Chiefs are killed; Looking Glass is dead, Ta Hool

Hool Shute is dead. The old men are all dead. It is the young men who say yes or no. He who led on the young men is dead. It is cold, and we have no blankets; the little children are freezing to death. My people, some of them, have run away to the hills, and have no blankets, no food. No one knows where they are - perhaps freezing to death. I want to have time to look for my children, and see how many of them I can find. Maybe I shall find them among the dead. Hear me, my Chiefs! I am tired; my heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands I will fight no more forever.” (2017 BLM Boaters' Gude Judith Landing to James Kipp Recreation Area, Upper Missouri River Breaks National Monument, BLM/MT/GI-08/009 Rev. 11/17, pp. 36-37)

Photos taken August 10, 2022. K. McCartney

These photos show the landscape around river mile 126.5, where the Nez Perce (Nee-Mee-Poo) National Historic Trail crosses the Missouri River in the Upper Missouri River Breaks National Monument. "In June 1877, the Nez Perce led by Chiefs Joseph, Looking Glass,Tulhuulhulsuit and Whitebird, left their homelands and set out for Canada to avoid being confined on a reservation and to continue to live by the customs and traditions of their ancestors. The trail begins in Oregon and follows the 1,200+ mile journey through Idaho, Wyoming, and finally terminates in Montana, 40 miles from the Canadian border. The trail crosses the Missouri River at this location." (2017 BLM Boaters' Gude Judith Landing to James Kipp Recreation Area, Upper Missouri River Breaks National Monument, BLM/MT/GI-08/009 Rev. 11/17, p. 62)

"Battle of Cow Island Landing

Cow Island Landing was the location of a September 23-24, 1877, encounter between warriors belonging to five non-treaty Nez Perce bands and a small party of entrenched U.S. Army soldiers and civilian freight clerks. The clash occurred during the 1877 Nez Perce War, at the Cow Creek Landing which was then a commercial freight depot and landing located immediately above the mouth of Cow Creek on the Missouri River. The landing was constructed to enable overland shipping to Fort Benton during seasonal low water on the Missouri via the Cow Creek freight trail, which commenced at the landing. Two steamboats had recently unloaded freight,and a detachment of soldiers under Sergeant William Moelchert happened to be at the landing to retrieve supplies for engineers working upriver. On September 23, the Nez Perce unexpectedly crossed the Missouri River near the landing. Negotiations ensued between Nez Perce leaders and Moelchert regarding supplies sought by the Nez Perce. After Moelchert essentially denied the tribal requests for provisions, warriors opened fire on the soldiers and civilians. The soldiers and clerks took shelter in an irrigation ditch that had been recently dug around the clerks’ tents and effectively defended their position through the night from Nez Perce gunfire from the steep hills north of the landing.

"The Nez Perce took supplies from the tons of freight stored just north of the landing and camp and burned the remaining stores. The Nez Perce broke off the assault the following morning and resumed their trek north through Cow Creek Canyon in their attempt to reach refuge in Canada.

Approximately 70 miles from the river to the north, near presentday Chinook, Montana, is Bears Paw Battlefield where Chief Joseph surrendered on October 5, 1877, and is famed to have said, “Tell General Howard I know his heart. What he told me before, I have it in my heart. I am tired of fighting. Our Chiefs are killed; Looking Glass is dead, Ta Hool

Hool Shute is dead. The old men are all dead. It is the young men who say yes or no. He who led on the young men is dead. It is cold, and we have no blankets; the little children are freezing to death. My people, some of them, have run away to the hills, and have no blankets, no food. No one knows where they are - perhaps freezing to death. I want to have time to look for my children, and see how many of them I can find. Maybe I shall find them among the dead. Hear me, my Chiefs! I am tired; my heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands I will fight no more forever.” (2017 BLM Boaters' Gude Judith Landing to James Kipp Recreation Area, Upper Missouri River Breaks National Monument, BLM/MT/GI-08/009 Rev. 11/17, pp. 36-37)

Photos taken August 10, 2022. K. McCartney

These photos show the landscape around river mile 126.5, where the Nez Perce (Nee-Mee-Poo) National Historic Trail crosses the Missouri River in the Upper Missouri River Breaks National Monument. "In June 1877, the Nez Perce led by Chiefs Joseph, Looking Glass,Tulhuulhulsuit and Whitebird, left their homelands and set out for Canada to avoid being confined on a reservation and to continue to live by the customs and traditions of their ancestors. The trail begins in Oregon and follows the 1,200+ mile journey through Idaho, Wyoming, and finally terminates in Montana, 40 miles from the Canadian border. The trail crosses the Missouri River at this location." (2017 BLM Boaters' Gude Judith Landing to James Kipp Recreation Area, Upper Missouri River Breaks National Monument, BLM/MT/GI-08/009 Rev. 11/17, p. 62)

"Battle of Cow Island Landing

Cow Island Landing was the location of a September 23-24, 1877, encounter between warriors belonging to five non-treaty Nez Perce bands and a small party of entrenched U.S. Army soldiers and civilian freight clerks. The clash occurred during the 1877 Nez Perce War, at the Cow Creek Landing which was then a commercial freight depot and landing located immediately above the mouth of Cow Creek on the Missouri River. The landing was constructed to enable overland shipping to Fort Benton during seasonal low water on the Missouri via the Cow Creek freight trail, which commenced at the landing. Two steamboats had recently unloaded freight,and a detachment of soldiers under Sergeant William Moelchert happened to be at the landing to retrieve supplies for engineers working upriver. On September 23, the Nez Perce unexpectedly crossed the Missouri River near the landing. Negotiations ensued between Nez Perce leaders and Moelchert regarding supplies sought by the Nez Perce. After Moelchert essentially denied the tribal requests for provisions, warriors opened fire on the soldiers and civilians. The soldiers and clerks took shelter in an irrigation ditch that had been recently dug around the clerks’ tents and effectively defended their position through the night from Nez Perce gunfire from the steep hills north of the landing.

"The Nez Perce took supplies from the tons of freight stored just north of the landing and camp and burned the remaining stores. The Nez Perce broke off the assault the following morning and resumed their trek north through Cow Creek Canyon in their attempt to reach refuge in Canada.

Approximately 70 miles from the river to the north, near presentday Chinook, Montana, is Bears Paw Battlefield where Chief Joseph surrendered on October 5, 1877, and is famed to have said, “Tell General Howard I know his heart. What he told me before, I have it in my heart. I am tired of fighting. Our Chiefs are killed; Looking Glass is dead, Ta Hool

Hool Shute is dead. The old men are all dead. It is the young men who say yes or no. He who led on the young men is dead. It is cold, and we have no blankets; the little children are freezing to death. My people, some of them, have run away to the hills, and have no blankets, no food. No one knows where they are - perhaps freezing to death. I want to have time to look for my children, and see how many of them I can find. Maybe I shall find them among the dead. Hear me, my Chiefs! I am tired; my heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands I will fight no more forever.” (2017 BLM Boaters' Gude Judith Landing to James Kipp Recreation Area, Upper Missouri River Breaks National Monument, BLM/MT/GI-08/009 Rev. 11/17, pp. 36-37)

Photos taken August 10, 2022. K. McCartney

The Thistle Chapel, St Giles Cathedral, Edinburgh

The Order of the Thistle is Scotland's great order of chivalry, and membership is considered to be one of the country's highest honours. The Order is traditionally given to Scots or people of Scots ancestry, who have given distinguished service. Appointments are entirely in the personal gift of the Sovereign.

The Order of the Thistle has roots in the Middle Ages, but the presentday order was largely created in 1687 by King James VII of Scotland (King James II of England). The nave of Holyrood Abbey was adapted as its chapel, but in 1688 the Abbey was ransacked by the Edinburgh mob, furious at King James' Roman Catholic allegiance. After that, the Knights of the Thistle had no chapel of their own for over 200 years.

The Thistle Chapel was designed by Robert Lorimer and finished in 1911. It contains stalls for the 16 knights, the Sovereign's stall (this coat of arms is on the front of this stall) and two Royal stalls. The chapel contains a wealth of detail, both religious and heraldic, and much of it peculiarly Scottish, including angels playing bagpipes.

The Thistle Chapel

The Order of the Thistle is Scotland’s great order of chivalry, and membership is considered to be one of the country’s highest honours. The Order is traditionally given to Scots or people of Scots ancestry, who have given distinguished service. Appointments are entirely in the personal gift of the Sovereign.

The Order of the Thistle has roots in the Middle Ages, but the presentday order was largely created in 1687 by King James VII of Scotland (King James II of England). The nave of Holyrood Abbey was adapted as its chapel, but in 1688 the Abbey was ransacked by the Edinburgh mob, furious at King James’ Roman Catholic allegiance. After that, the Knights of the Thistle had no chapel of their own for over 200 years.

The Thistle Chapel was designed by Robert Lorimer and finished in 1911. It contains stalls for the 16 knights, the Sovereign’s stall and two Royal stalls. The chapel contains a wealth of detail, both religious and heraldic, and much of it peculiarly Scottish, including angels playing bagpipes.

Entered through a low-vaulted vestibule or ante-chapel at the east end of the Preston aisle, the chapel is a rectangle of three bays, with a polygonal eastern apse and a stone vault encrusted with a rich pattern of ribs and carved bosses. The effect is greatly enhanced by heraldic and figurative stained glass in the windows.

Along the sides of the chapel are the knights’ stalls, which are capped by lavishly carved canopies with the helms and crests of the knights rising above. The richest effect of all, however, is reserved for the Sovereign’s stall at the west end of the chapel.

www.stgilescathedral.org.uk/saint-giles-history/the-thist...

————————————————————

The Thistle Chapel is the chapel of The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle, Scotland's foremost Order of Chivalry. The chapel was built in 1911 to designs by Sir Robert Lorimer, at the south-east corner of the church. It is small, but exquisite, with carved and painted fittings of extraordinary detail. One figure depicts an angel playing bagpipes. The Order, which was founded by King James VII in 1687, consists of the Scottish monarch and 16 knights. The knights are the personal appointment of the monarch, and are normally Scots who have made a significant contribution to national or international affairs. Knights have included Sir Alec Douglas-Home, Lord Mackay of Clashfern and Sir Fitzroy Maclean.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Giles%27_Cathedral

See more on the link below:-

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Giles'_Cathedral

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thistle_Chapel

These photos show the landscape around river mile 126.5, where the Nez Perce (Nee-Mee-Poo) National Historic Trail crosses the Missouri River in the Upper Missouri River Breaks National Monument. "In June 1877, the Nez Perce led by Chiefs Joseph, Looking Glass,Tulhuulhulsuit and Whitebird, left their homelands and set out for Canada to avoid being confined on a reservation and to continue to live by the customs and traditions of their ancestors. The trail begins in Oregon and follows the 1,200+ mile journey through Idaho, Wyoming, and finally terminates in Montana, 40 miles from the Canadian border. The trail crosses the Missouri River at this location." (2017 BLM Boaters' Gude Judith Landing to James Kipp Recreation Area, Upper Missouri River Breaks National Monument, BLM/MT/GI-08/009 Rev. 11/17, p. 62)

"Battle of Cow Island Landing

Cow Island Landing was the location of a September 23-24, 1877, encounter between warriors belonging to five non-treaty Nez Perce bands and a small party of entrenched U.S. Army soldiers and civilian freight clerks. The clash occurred during the 1877 Nez Perce War, at the Cow Creek Landing which was then a commercial freight depot and landing located immediately above the mouth of Cow Creek on the Missouri River. The landing was constructed to enable overland shipping to Fort Benton during seasonal low water on the Missouri via the Cow Creek freight trail, which commenced at the landing. Two steamboats had recently unloaded freight,and a detachment of soldiers under Sergeant William Moelchert happened to be at the landing to retrieve supplies for engineers working upriver. On September 23, the Nez Perce unexpectedly crossed the Missouri River near the landing. Negotiations ensued between Nez Perce leaders and Moelchert regarding supplies sought by the Nez Perce. After Moelchert essentially denied the tribal requests for provisions, warriors opened fire on the soldiers and civilians. The soldiers and clerks took shelter in an irrigation ditch that had been recently dug around the clerks’ tents and effectively defended their position through the night from Nez Perce gunfire from the steep hills north of the landing.

"The Nez Perce took supplies from the tons of freight stored just north of the landing and camp and burned the remaining stores. The Nez Perce broke off the assault the following morning and resumed their trek north through Cow Creek Canyon in their attempt to reach refuge in Canada.

Approximately 70 miles from the river to the north, near presentday Chinook, Montana, is Bears Paw Battlefield where Chief Joseph surrendered on October 5, 1877, and is famed to have said, “Tell General Howard I know his heart. What he told me before, I have it in my heart. I am tired of fighting. Our Chiefs are killed; Looking Glass is dead, Ta Hool

Hool Shute is dead. The old men are all dead. It is the young men who say yes or no. He who led on the young men is dead. It is cold, and we have no blankets; the little children are freezing to death. My people, some of them, have run away to the hills, and have no blankets, no food. No one knows where they are - perhaps freezing to death. I want to have time to look for my children, and see how many of them I can find. Maybe I shall find them among the dead. Hear me, my Chiefs! I am tired; my heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands I will fight no more forever.” (2017 BLM Boaters' Gude Judith Landing to James Kipp Recreation Area, Upper Missouri River Breaks National Monument, BLM/MT/GI-08/009 Rev. 11/17, pp. 36-37)

Photos taken August 10, 2022. K. McCartney

The Thistle Chapel

Detail: The Ante-Chapel. The Leven and Melville arms are carved next to the door into the chapel.

The Order of the Thistle is Scotland’s great order of chivalry, and membership is considered to be one of the country’s highest honours. The Order is traditionally given to Scots or people of Scots ancestry, who have given distinguished service. Appointments are entirely in the personal gift of the Sovereign.

The Order of the Thistle has roots in the Middle Ages, but the presentday order was largely created in 1687 by King James VII of Scotland (King James II of England). The nave of Holyrood Abbey was adapted as its chapel, but in 1688 the Abbey was ransacked by the Edinburgh mob, furious at King James’ Roman Catholic allegiance. After that, the Knights of the Thistle had no chapel of their own for over 200 years.

The Thistle Chapel was designed by Robert Lorimer and finished in 1911. It contains stalls for the 16 knights, the Sovereign’s stall and two Royal stalls. The chapel contains a wealth of detail, both religious and heraldic, and much of it peculiarly Scottish, including angels playing bagpipes.

Entered through a low-vaulted vestibule or ante-chapel at the east end of the Preston aisle, the chapel is a rectangle of three bays, with a polygonal eastern apse and a stone vault encrusted with a rich pattern of ribs and carved bosses. The effect is greatly enhanced by heraldic and figurative stained glass in the windows.

Along the sides of the chapel are the knights’ stalls, which are capped by lavishly carved canopies with the helms and crests of the knights rising above. The richest effect of all, however, is reserved for the Sovereign’s stall at the west end of the chapel.

www.stgilescathedral.org.uk/saint-giles-history/the-thist...

————————————————————

The Thistle Chapel is the chapel of The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle, Scotland's foremost Order of Chivalry. The chapel was built in 1911 to designs by Sir Robert Lorimer, at the south-east corner of the church. It is small, but exquisite, with carved and painted fittings of extraordinary detail. One figure depicts an angel playing bagpipes. The Order, which was founded by King James VII in 1687, consists of the Scottish monarch and 16 knights. The knights are the personal appointment of the monarch, and are normally Scots who have made a significant contribution to national or international affairs. Knights have included Sir Alec Douglas-Home, Lord Mackay of Clashfern and Sir Fitzroy Maclean.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Giles%27_Cathedral

See more on the link below:-

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Giles'_Cathedral

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thistle_Chapel

These photos show the landscape around river mile 126.5, where the Nez Perce (Nee-Mee-Poo) National Historic Trail crosses the Missouri River in the Upper Missouri River Breaks National Monument. "In June 1877, the Nez Perce led by Chiefs Joseph, Looking Glass,Tulhuulhulsuit and Whitebird, left their homelands and set out for Canada to avoid being confined on a reservation and to continue to live by the customs and traditions of their ancestors. The trail begins in Oregon and follows the 1,200+ mile journey through Idaho, Wyoming, and finally terminates in Montana, 40 miles from the Canadian border. The trail crosses the Missouri River at this location." (2017 BLM Boaters' Gude Judith Landing to James Kipp Recreation Area, Upper Missouri River Breaks National Monument, BLM/MT/GI-08/009 Rev. 11/17, p. 62)

"Battle of Cow Island Landing

Cow Island Landing was the location of a September 23-24, 1877, encounter between warriors belonging to five non-treaty Nez Perce bands and a small party of entrenched U.S. Army soldiers and civilian freight clerks. The clash occurred during the 1877 Nez Perce War, at the Cow Creek Landing which was then a commercial freight depot and landing located immediately above the mouth of Cow Creek on the Missouri River. The landing was constructed to enable overland shipping to Fort Benton during seasonal low water on the Missouri via the Cow Creek freight trail, which commenced at the landing. Two steamboats had recently unloaded freight,and a detachment of soldiers under Sergeant William Moelchert happened to be at the landing to retrieve supplies for engineers working upriver. On September 23, the Nez Perce unexpectedly crossed the Missouri River near the landing. Negotiations ensued between Nez Perce leaders and Moelchert regarding supplies sought by the Nez Perce. After Moelchert essentially denied the tribal requests for provisions, warriors opened fire on the soldiers and civilians. The soldiers and clerks took shelter in an irrigation ditch that had been recently dug around the clerks’ tents and effectively defended their position through the night from Nez Perce gunfire from the steep hills north of the landing.

"The Nez Perce took supplies from the tons of freight stored just north of the landing and camp and burned the remaining stores. The Nez Perce broke off the assault the following morning and resumed their trek north through Cow Creek Canyon in their attempt to reach refuge in Canada.

Approximately 70 miles from the river to the north, near presentday Chinook, Montana, is Bears Paw Battlefield where Chief Joseph surrendered on October 5, 1877, and is famed to have said, “Tell General Howard I know his heart. What he told me before, I have it in my heart. I am tired of fighting. Our Chiefs are killed; Looking Glass is dead, Ta Hool

Hool Shute is dead. The old men are all dead. It is the young men who say yes or no. He who led on the young men is dead. It is cold, and we have no blankets; the little children are freezing to death. My people, some of them, have run away to the hills, and have no blankets, no food. No one knows where they are - perhaps freezing to death. I want to have time to look for my children, and see how many of them I can find. Maybe I shall find them among the dead. Hear me, my Chiefs! I am tired; my heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands I will fight no more forever.” (2017 BLM Boaters' Gude Judith Landing to James Kipp Recreation Area, Upper Missouri River Breaks National Monument, BLM/MT/GI-08/009 Rev. 11/17, pp. 36-37)

Photos taken August 10, 2022. K. McCartney

Foundation stone of Llyod Barrage, presentday known as Sukkur Barrage.

It is the the first and largest irrigation works on the Indus river at Sukkur, in Sindh Province

The Thistle Chapel

Detail: The Scottish red lion rampant boss on the ante-chapel ceiling.

The Order of the Thistle is Scotland’s great order of chivalry, and membership is considered to be one of the country’s highest honours. The Order is traditionally given to Scots or people of Scots ancestry, who have given distinguished service. Appointments are entirely in the personal gift of the Sovereign.

The Order of the Thistle has roots in the Middle Ages, but the presentday order was largely created in 1687 by King James VII of Scotland (King James II of England). The nave of Holyrood Abbey was adapted as its chapel, but in 1688 the Abbey was ransacked by the Edinburgh mob, furious at King James’ Roman Catholic allegiance. After that, the Knights of the Thistle had no chapel of their own for over 200 years.

The Thistle Chapel was designed by Robert Lorimer and finished in 1911. It contains stalls for the 16 knights, the Sovereign’s stall and two Royal stalls. The chapel contains a wealth of detail, both religious and heraldic, and much of it peculiarly Scottish, including angels playing bagpipes.

Entered through a low-vaulted vestibule or ante-chapel at the east end of the Preston aisle, the chapel is a rectangle of three bays, with a polygonal eastern apse and a stone vault encrusted with a rich pattern of ribs and carved bosses. The effect is greatly enhanced by heraldic and figurative stained glass in the windows.

Along the sides of the chapel are the knights’ stalls, which are capped by lavishly carved canopies with the helms and crests of the knights rising above. The richest effect of all, however, is reserved for the Sovereign’s stall at the west end of the chapel.

www.stgilescathedral.org.uk/saint-giles-history/the-thist...

————————————————————

The Thistle Chapel is the chapel of The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle, Scotland's foremost Order of Chivalry. The chapel was built in 1911 to designs by Sir Robert Lorimer, at the south-east corner of the church. It is small, but exquisite, with carved and painted fittings of extraordinary detail. One figure depicts an angel playing bagpipes. The Order, which was founded by King James VII in 1687, consists of the Scottish monarch and 16 knights. The knights are the personal appointment of the monarch, and are normally Scots who have made a significant contribution to national or international affairs. Knights have included Sir Alec Douglas-Home, Lord Mackay of Clashfern and Sir Fitzroy Maclean.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Giles%27_Cathedral

See more on the link below:-

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Giles'_Cathedral

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thistle_Chapel

These photos show the landscape around river mile 126.5, where the Nez Perce (Nee-Mee-Poo) National Historic Trail crosses the Missouri River in the Upper Missouri River Breaks National Monument. "In June 1877, the Nez Perce led by Chiefs Joseph, Looking Glass,Tulhuulhulsuit and Whitebird, left their homelands and set out for Canada to avoid being confined on a reservation and to continue to live by the customs and traditions of their ancestors. The trail begins in Oregon and follows the 1,200+ mile journey through Idaho, Wyoming, and finally terminates in Montana, 40 miles from the Canadian border. The trail crosses the Missouri River at this location." (2017 BLM Boaters' Gude Judith Landing to James Kipp Recreation Area, Upper Missouri River Breaks National Monument, BLM/MT/GI-08/009 Rev. 11/17, p. 62)

"Battle of Cow Island Landing

Cow Island Landing was the location of a September 23-24, 1877, encounter between warriors belonging to five non-treaty Nez Perce bands and a small party of entrenched U.S. Army soldiers and civilian freight clerks. The clash occurred during the 1877 Nez Perce War, at the Cow Creek Landing which was then a commercial freight depot and landing located immediately above the mouth of Cow Creek on the Missouri River. The landing was constructed to enable overland shipping to Fort Benton during seasonal low water on the Missouri via the Cow Creek freight trail, which commenced at the landing. Two steamboats had recently unloaded freight,and a detachment of soldiers under Sergeant William Moelchert happened to be at the landing to retrieve supplies for engineers working upriver. On September 23, the Nez Perce unexpectedly crossed the Missouri River near the landing. Negotiations ensued between Nez Perce leaders and Moelchert regarding supplies sought by the Nez Perce. After Moelchert essentially denied the tribal requests for provisions, warriors opened fire on the soldiers and civilians. The soldiers and clerks took shelter in an irrigation ditch that had been recently dug around the clerks’ tents and effectively defended their position through the night from Nez Perce gunfire from the steep hills north of the landing.

"The Nez Perce took supplies from the tons of freight stored just north of the landing and camp and burned the remaining stores. The Nez Perce broke off the assault the following morning and resumed their trek north through Cow Creek Canyon in their attempt to reach refuge in Canada.

Approximately 70 miles from the river to the north, near presentday Chinook, Montana, is Bears Paw Battlefield where Chief Joseph surrendered on October 5, 1877, and is famed to have said, “Tell General Howard I know his heart. What he told me before, I have it in my heart. I am tired of fighting. Our Chiefs are killed; Looking Glass is dead, Ta Hool Hool Shute is dead. The old men are all dead. It is the young men who say yes or no. He who led on the young men is dead. It is cold, and we have no blankets; the little children are freezing to death. My people, some of them, have run away to the hills, and have no blankets, no food. No one knows where they are - perhaps freezing to death. I want to have time to look for my children, and see how many of them I can find. Maybe I shall find them among the dead. Hear me, my Chiefs! I am tired; my heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands I will fight no more forever.” (2017 BLM Boaters' Gude Judith Landing to James Kipp Recreation Area, Upper Missouri River Breaks National Monument, BLM/MT/GI-08/009 Rev. 11/17, pp. 36-37)

Photos taken August 10, 2022. K. McCartney

The Thistle Chapel

The Order of the Thistle is Scotland’s great order of chivalry, and membership is considered to be one of the country’s highest honours. The Order is traditionally given to Scots or people of Scots ancestry, who have given distinguished service. Appointments are entirely in the personal gift of the Sovereign.

The Order of the Thistle has roots in the Middle Ages, but the presentday order was largely created in 1687 by King James VII of Scotland (King James II of England). The nave of Holyrood Abbey was adapted as its chapel, but in 1688 the Abbey was ransacked by the Edinburgh mob, furious at King James’ Roman Catholic allegiance. After that, the Knights of the Thistle had no chapel of their own for over 200 years.

The Thistle Chapel was designed by Robert Lorimer and finished in 1911. It contains stalls for the 16 knights, the Sovereign’s stall and two Royal stalls. The chapel contains a wealth of detail, both religious and heraldic, and much of it peculiarly Scottish, including angels playing bagpipes.

Entered through a low-vaulted vestibule or ante-chapel at the east end of the Preston aisle, the chapel is a rectangle of three bays, with a polygonal eastern apse and a stone vault encrusted with a rich pattern of ribs and carved bosses. The effect is greatly enhanced by heraldic and figurative stained glass in the windows.

Along the sides of the chapel are the knights’ stalls, which are capped by lavishly carved canopies with the helms and crests of the knights rising above. The richest effect of all, however, is reserved for the Sovereign’s stall at the west end of the chapel.

www.stgilescathedral.org.uk/saint-giles-history/the-thist...

————————————————————

The Thistle Chapel is the chapel of The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle, Scotland's foremost Order of Chivalry. The chapel was built in 1911 to designs by Sir Robert Lorimer, at the south-east corner of the church. It is small, but exquisite, with carved and painted fittings of extraordinary detail. One figure depicts an angel playing bagpipes. The Order, which was founded by King James VII in 1687, consists of the Scottish monarch and 16 knights. The knights are the personal appointment of the monarch, and are normally Scots who have made a significant contribution to national or international affairs. Knights have included Sir Alec Douglas-Home, Lord Mackay of Clashfern and Sir Fitzroy Maclean.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Giles%27_Cathedral

See more on the link below:-

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Giles'_Cathedral

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thistle_Chapel

The Thistle Chapel

The Order of the Thistle is Scotland’s great order of chivalry, and membership is considered to be one of the country’s highest honours. The Order is traditionally given to Scots or people of Scots ancestry, who have given distinguished service. Appointments are entirely in the personal gift of the Sovereign.

The Order of the Thistle has roots in the Middle Ages, but the presentday order was largely created in 1687 by King James VII of Scotland (King James II of England). The nave of Holyrood Abbey was adapted as its chapel, but in 1688 the Abbey was ransacked by the Edinburgh mob, furious at King James’ Roman Catholic allegiance. After that, the Knights of the Thistle had no chapel of their own for over 200 years.

The Thistle Chapel was designed by Robert Lorimer and finished in 1911. It contains stalls for the 16 knights, the Sovereign’s stall and two Royal stalls. The chapel contains a wealth of detail, both religious and heraldic, and much of it peculiarly Scottish, including angels playing bagpipes.

Entered through a low-vaulted vestibule or ante-chapel at the east end of the Preston aisle, the chapel is a rectangle of three bays, with a polygonal eastern apse and a stone vault encrusted with a rich pattern of ribs and carved bosses. The effect is greatly enhanced by heraldic and figurative stained glass in the windows.

Along the sides of the chapel are the knights’ stalls, which are capped by lavishly carved canopies with the helms and crests of the knights rising above. The richest effect of all, however, is reserved for the Sovereign’s stall at the west end of the chapel.

www.stgilescathedral.org.uk/saint-giles-history/the-thist...

————————————————————

The Thistle Chapel is the chapel of The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle, Scotland's foremost Order of Chivalry. The chapel was built in 1911 to designs by Sir Robert Lorimer, at the south-east corner of the church. It is small, but exquisite, with carved and painted fittings of extraordinary detail. One figure depicts an angel playing bagpipes. The Order, which was founded by King James VII in 1687, consists of the Scottish monarch and 16 knights. The knights are the personal appointment of the monarch, and are normally Scots who have made a significant contribution to national or international affairs. Knights have included Sir Alec Douglas-Home, Lord Mackay of Clashfern and Sir Fitzroy Maclean.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Giles%27_Cathedral

See more on the link below:-

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Giles'_Cathedral

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thistle_Chapel

www.stgilescathedral.org.uk/

The Thistle Chapel

The Order of the Thistle is Scotland's great order of chivalry, and membership is considered to be one of the country's highest honours. The Order is traditionally given to Scots or people of Scots ancestry, who have given distinguished service. Appointments are entirely in the personal gift of the Sovereign.

The Order of the Thistle has roots in the Middle Ages, but the presentday order was largely created in 1687 by King James VII of Scotland (King James II of England). The nave of Holyrood Abbey was adapted as its chapel, but in 1688 the Abbey was ransacked by the Edinburgh mob, furious at King James' Roman Catholic allegiance. After that, the Knights of the Thistle had no chapel of their own for over 200 years.

The Thistle Chapel was designed by Robert Lorimer and finished in 1911. It contains stalls for the 16 knights, the Sovereign's stall and two Royal stalls. The chapel contains a wealth of detail, both religious and heraldic, and much of it peculiarly Scottish, including angels playing bagpipes.

Entered through a low-vaulted vestibule or ante-chapel at the east end of the Preston aisle, the chapel is a rectangle of three bays, with a polygonal eastern apse and a stone vault encrusted with a rich pattern of ribs and carved bosses. The effect is greatly enhanced by heraldic and figurative stained glass in the windows.

Along the sides of the chapel are the knights' stalls, which are capped by lavishly carved canopies with the helms and crests of the knights rising above. The richest effect of all, however, is reserved for the Sovereign's stall at the west end of the chapel.

The Origins of St Giles'

There is record of a parish church in Edinburgh by the year 854, served by a vicar from a monastic house, probably in England. It is possible that the first church, a modest affair, was in use for several centuries before it was formally dedicated by the bishop of St Andrews on 6 October 1243. The parish church of Edinburgh was subsequently reconsecrated and named in honour of the patron saint of the town, St Giles, whose feast day is celebrated on 1 September.

The Covenanters

In 1638, those opposed to King Charles’ plans to reintroduce episcopacy in Scotland signed the National Covenant. In 1643, following a split amongst those who disagreed with the king, the Solemn League and Covenant was drawn up and then ratified by the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, then meeting in the Preston Aisle of St Giles’. The National Covenant may still be seen today in the Preston Aisle.

That St Giles, a 7th century hermit (and, later, abbot) who lived in France, became the patron of both town and church was probably due to the ancient ties between Scotland and France.

According to legend, Giles was accidentally wounded by a huntsman in pursuit of a hind and, after his death in the early 8th century, there were dedicated to him hospitals and safe houses for cripples, beggars and lepers were established throughout England and Scotland within easy reach of the impoverished and the infirm. St Giles is usually depicted protecting a hind from an arrow, which had pierced his own body, a fine relief of which rests in the tympanum over the west (main) doors of the Cathedral.

St Giles' in the Middle Ages

St Giles' was founded in the 1120s when the Scottish royal family, the sons of Queen (Saint) Margaret and King Malcolm Canmore, especially David I (1124-1153) made strenuous efforts to spread Catholic Christian worship throughout the Scottish lowlands.

This church was probably quite small, Norman (i.e. Romanesque, with rounded arches and elaborate carving) in style, like others built at the same time. Few traces of it survive in the present building.

In 1385, a much larger church (early Gothic, pointed arches and simple octagonal pillars) was partially burned. No record has been found of the building of this second church. It was quickly repaired.

Over the next 150 years many chapels were added. These included chapels set up by the craftsmen's guilds of Edinburgh, chapels endowed by prominent merchants and nobles, and a chapel for a relic of St Giles. By the middle of the 16th century, there were around fifty altars in the church.

The Church becomes a Cathedral

For more than a century after the Reformation, worship in St Giles’ was disrupted by the disagreements about church government. In 1633, King Charles I appointed Scottish Episcopal bishops in Scotland and in 1635 William Forbes became the first bishop of the new diocese of Edinburgh, with St Giles’ as its cathedral, which it remained until 1638 and again from 1661-1689. That St Giles’ is commonly called a cathedral dates from this period.

St Giles' in the 20th and 21st Centuries

In 1911 the Thistle Chapel (architect: Sir Robert Lorimer) was completed, to be used by the Knights of the Thistle, Scotland's order of chivalry. Though small, it is in 15th century high Gothic style and full of elaborate carvings in wood and stone and of colourful heraldry.

Over the last hundred years or more, St Giles' has hosted important events including state occasions and services of national thanksgiving.

A new restoration programme began in 1977. In addition to essential repairs to roof, stone and glass, the interior has been lightened, the focus of worship moved from the east end to a new sanctuary in the middle of the church ("the crossing") and a magnificent new organ installed. Space has been converted from old cellars and crypts for meeting and eating. Much remains to be done

Purchase Here ➥ 3rd-eye-perceptions.printify.me/

Instagram ➥ tinyurl.com/yc2xdax5

3rd Eye Values Your Support Our Unique Small Business, With Your Help Will Keep Growing. Bringing Fresh New Quality Designs Weekly!

Grab A Unique Gift For Yourself Or Loved Ones.

Offering Quality Prints / Original Artwork / Unique Gifts & Worldwide Shipping

The Thistle Chapel

The Order of the Thistle is Scotland’s great order of chivalry, and membership is considered to be one of the country’s highest honours. The Order is traditionally given to Scots or people of Scots ancestry, who have given distinguished service. Appointments are entirely in the personal gift of the Sovereign.

The Order of the Thistle has roots in the Middle Ages, but the presentday order was largely created in 1687 by King James VII of Scotland (King James II of England). The nave of Holyrood Abbey was adapted as its chapel, but in 1688 the Abbey was ransacked by the Edinburgh mob, furious at King James’ Roman Catholic allegiance. After that, the Knights of the Thistle had no chapel of their own for over 200 years.

The Thistle Chapel was designed by Robert Lorimer and finished in 1911. It contains stalls for the 16 knights, the Sovereign’s stall and two Royal stalls. The chapel contains a wealth of detail, both religious and heraldic, and much of it peculiarly Scottish, including angels playing bagpipes.

Entered through a low-vaulted vestibule or ante-chapel at the east end of the Preston aisle, the chapel is a rectangle of three bays, with a polygonal eastern apse and a stone vault encrusted with a rich pattern of ribs and carved bosses. The effect is greatly enhanced by heraldic and figurative stained glass in the windows.

Along the sides of the chapel are the knights’ stalls, which are capped by lavishly carved canopies with the helms and crests of the knights rising above. The richest effect of all, however, is reserved for the Sovereign’s stall at the west end of the chapel.

www.stgilescathedral.org.uk/saint-giles-history/the-thist...

————————————————————

The Thistle Chapel is the chapel of The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle, Scotland's foremost Order of Chivalry. The chapel was built in 1911 to designs by Sir Robert Lorimer, at the south-east corner of the church. It is small, but exquisite, with carved and painted fittings of extraordinary detail. One figure depicts an angel playing bagpipes. The Order, which was founded by King James VII in 1687, consists of the Scottish monarch and 16 knights. The knights are the personal appointment of the monarch, and are normally Scots who have made a significant contribution to national or international affairs. Knights have included Sir Alec Douglas-Home, Lord Mackay of Clashfern and Sir Fitzroy Maclean.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Giles%27_Cathedral

See more on the link below:-

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Giles'_Cathedral

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thistle_Chapel

www.stgilescathedral.org.uk/

The Thistle Chapel

The Order of the Thistle is Scotland's great order of chivalry, and membership is considered to be one of the country's highest honours. The Order is traditionally given to Scots or people of Scots ancestry, who have given distinguished service. Appointments are entirely in the personal gift of the Sovereign.

The Order of the Thistle has roots in the Middle Ages, but the presentday order was largely created in 1687 by King James VII of Scotland (King James II of England). The nave of Holyrood Abbey was adapted as its chapel, but in 1688 the Abbey was ransacked by the Edinburgh mob, furious at King James' Roman Catholic allegiance. After that, the Knights of the Thistle had no chapel of their own for over 200 years.

The Thistle Chapel was designed by Robert Lorimer and finished in 1911. It contains stalls for the 16 knights, the Sovereign's stall and two Royal stalls. The chapel contains a wealth of detail, both religious and heraldic, and much of it peculiarly Scottish, including angels playing bagpipes.

Entered through a low-vaulted vestibule or ante-chapel at the east end of the Preston aisle, the chapel is a rectangle of three bays, with a polygonal eastern apse and a stone vault encrusted with a rich pattern of ribs and carved bosses. The effect is greatly enhanced by heraldic and figurative stained glass in the windows.

Along the sides of the chapel are the knights' stalls, which are capped by lavishly carved canopies with the helms and crests of the knights rising above. The richest effect of all, however, is reserved for the Sovereign's stall at the west end of the chapel.

The Origins of St Giles'

There is record of a parish church in Edinburgh by the year 854, served by a vicar from a monastic house, probably in England. It is possible that the first church, a modest affair, was in use for several centuries before it was formally dedicated by the bishop of St Andrews on 6 October 1243. The parish church of Edinburgh was subsequently reconsecrated and named in honour of the patron saint of the town, St Giles, whose feast day is celebrated on 1 September.

The Covenanters

In 1638, those opposed to King Charles’ plans to reintroduce episcopacy in Scotland signed the National Covenant. In 1643, following a split amongst those who disagreed with the king, the Solemn League and Covenant was drawn up and then ratified by the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, then meeting in the Preston Aisle of St Giles’. The National Covenant may still be seen today in the Preston Aisle.

That St Giles, a 7th century hermit (and, later, abbot) who lived in France, became the patron of both town and church was probably due to the ancient ties between Scotland and France.

According to legend, Giles was accidentally wounded by a huntsman in pursuit of a hind and, after his death in the early 8th century, there were dedicated to him hospitals and safe houses for cripples, beggars and lepers were established throughout England and Scotland within easy reach of the impoverished and the infirm. St Giles is usually depicted protecting a hind from an arrow, which had pierced his own body, a fine relief of which rests in the tympanum over the west (main) doors of the Cathedral.

St Giles' in the Middle Ages

St Giles' was founded in the 1120s when the Scottish royal family, the sons of Queen (Saint) Margaret and King Malcolm Canmore, especially David I (1124-1153) made strenuous efforts to spread Catholic Christian worship throughout the Scottish lowlands.

This church was probably quite small, Norman (i.e. Romanesque, with rounded arches and elaborate carving) in style, like others built at the same time. Few traces of it survive in the present building.

In 1385, a much larger church (early Gothic, pointed arches and simple octagonal pillars) was partially burned. No record has been found of the building of this second church. It was quickly repaired.

Over the next 150 years many chapels were added. These included chapels set up by the craftsmen's guilds of Edinburgh, chapels endowed by prominent merchants and nobles, and a chapel for a relic of St Giles. By the middle of the 16th century, there were around fifty altars in the church.

The Church becomes a Cathedral

For more than a century after the Reformation, worship in St Giles’ was disrupted by the disagreements about church government. In 1633, King Charles I appointed Scottish Episcopal bishops in Scotland and in 1635 William Forbes became the first bishop of the new diocese of Edinburgh, with St Giles’ as its cathedral, which it remained until 1638 and again from 1661-1689. That St Giles’ is commonly called a cathedral dates from this period.

St Giles' in the 20th and 21st Centuries

In 1911 the Thistle Chapel (architect: Sir Robert Lorimer) was completed, to be used by the Knights of the Thistle, Scotland's order of chivalry. Though small, it is in 15th century high Gothic style and full of elaborate carvings in wood and stone and of colourful heraldry.

Over the last hundred years or more, St Giles' has hosted important events including state occasions and services of national thanksgiving.

A new restoration programme began in 1977. In addition to essential repairs to roof, stone and glass, the interior has been lightened, the focus of worship moved from the east end to a new sanctuary in the middle of the church ("the crossing") and a magnificent new organ installed. Space has been converted from old cellars and crypts for meeting and eating. Much remains to be done

The Getty Villa / Philanthropist J. Paul Getty Museum

The Thistle Chapel

The Order of the Thistle is Scotland’s great order of chivalry, and membership is considered to be one of the country’s highest honours. The Order is traditionally given to Scots or people of Scots ancestry, who have given distinguished service. Appointments are entirely in the personal gift of the Sovereign.

The Order of the Thistle has roots in the Middle Ages, but the presentday order was largely created in 1687 by King James VII of Scotland (King James II of England). The nave of Holyrood Abbey was adapted as its chapel, but in 1688 the Abbey was ransacked by the Edinburgh mob, furious at King James’ Roman Catholic allegiance. After that, the Knights of the Thistle had no chapel of their own for over 200 years.

The Thistle Chapel was designed by Robert Lorimer and finished in 1911. It contains stalls for the 16 knights, the Sovereign’s stall and two Royal stalls. The chapel contains a wealth of detail, both religious and heraldic, and much of it peculiarly Scottish, including angels playing bagpipes.

Entered through a low-vaulted vestibule or ante-chapel at the east end of the Preston aisle, the chapel is a rectangle of three bays, with a polygonal eastern apse and a stone vault encrusted with a rich pattern of ribs and carved bosses. The effect is greatly enhanced by heraldic and figurative stained glass in the windows.

Along the sides of the chapel are the knights’ stalls, which are capped by lavishly carved canopies with the helms and crests of the knights rising above. The richest effect of all, however, is reserved for the Sovereign’s stall at the west end of the chapel.

www.stgilescathedral.org.uk/saint-giles-history/the-thist...

————————————————————

The Thistle Chapel is the chapel of The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle, Scotland's foremost Order of Chivalry. The chapel was built in 1911 to designs by Sir Robert Lorimer, at the south-east corner of the church. It is small, but exquisite, with carved and painted fittings of extraordinary detail. One figure depicts an angel playing bagpipes. The Order, which was founded by King James VII in 1687, consists of the Scottish monarch and 16 knights. The knights are the personal appointment of the monarch, and are normally Scots who have made a significant contribution to national or international affairs. Knights have included Sir Alec Douglas-Home, Lord Mackay of Clashfern and Sir Fitzroy Maclean.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Giles%27_Cathedral

See more on the link below:-

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Giles'_Cathedral

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thistle_Chapel

The Thistle Chapel

Detail: Pelican in her Piety boss on the chapel ceiling.

The Order of the Thistle is Scotland’s great order of chivalry, and membership is considered to be one of the country’s highest honours. The Order is traditionally given to Scots or people of Scots ancestry, who have given distinguished service. Appointments are entirely in the personal gift of the Sovereign.

The Order of the Thistle has roots in the Middle Ages, but the presentday order was largely created in 1687 by King James VII of Scotland (King James II of England). The nave of Holyrood Abbey was adapted as its chapel, but in 1688 the Abbey was ransacked by the Edinburgh mob, furious at King James’ Roman Catholic allegiance. After that, the Knights of the Thistle had no chapel of their own for over 200 years.

The Thistle Chapel was designed by Robert Lorimer and finished in 1911. It contains stalls for the 16 knights, the Sovereign’s stall and two Royal stalls. The chapel contains a wealth of detail, both religious and heraldic, and much of it peculiarly Scottish, including angels playing bagpipes.

Entered through a low-vaulted vestibule or ante-chapel at the east end of the Preston aisle, the chapel is a rectangle of three bays, with a polygonal eastern apse and a stone vault encrusted with a rich pattern of ribs and carved bosses. The effect is greatly enhanced by heraldic and figurative stained glass in the windows.

Along the sides of the chapel are the knights’ stalls, which are capped by lavishly carved canopies with the helms and crests of the knights rising above. The richest effect of all, however, is reserved for the Sovereign’s stall at the west end of the chapel.

www.stgilescathedral.org.uk/saint-giles-history/the-thist...

————————————————————

The Thistle Chapel is the chapel of The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle, Scotland's foremost Order of Chivalry. The chapel was built in 1911 to designs by Sir Robert Lorimer, at the south-east corner of the church. It is small, but exquisite, with carved and painted fittings of extraordinary detail. One figure depicts an angel playing bagpipes. The Order, which was founded by King James VII in 1687, consists of the Scottish monarch and 16 knights. The knights are the personal appointment of the monarch, and are normally Scots who have made a significant contribution to national or international affairs. Knights have included Sir Alec Douglas-Home, Lord Mackay of Clashfern and Sir Fitzroy Maclean.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Giles%27_Cathedral

See more on the link below:-

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Giles'_Cathedral

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thistle_Chapel

3rd Eye Values Your Support For Our Unique Small Business. With Your Help 3rd Eye Will Keep Growing, Bringing New Quality Designs & Original Artwork For Years To Come!

So Please Grab A Unique Gift For Yourself & Your Loved Ones.

Offering Quality Prints / Original Artwork / Unique Gifts & Worldwide Shipping

Purchase Here ➥ 3rd-eye-perceptions.printify.me/

Instagram ➥ tinyurl.com/yc2xdax5

3rd Eye Values Your Support For Our Unique Small Business. With Your Help 3rd Eye Will Keep Growing, Bringing New Quality Designs & Original Artwork For Years To Come!

So Please Grab A Unique Gift For Yourself & Your Loved Ones.

Offering Quality Prints / Original Artwork / Unique Gifts & Worldwide Shipping

Purchase Here ➥ 3rd-eye-perceptions.printify.me/

Instagram ➥ tinyurl.com/yc2xdax5

3rd Eye Values Your Support For Our Unique Small Business. With Your Help 3rd Eye Will Keep Growing, Bringing New Quality Designs & Original Artwork For Years To Come!

So Please Grab A Unique Gift For Yourself & Your Loved Ones.

Offering Quality Prints / Original Artwork / Unique Gifts & Worldwide Shipping

Purchase Here ➥ 3rd-eye-perceptions.printify.me/

Instagram ➥ tinyurl.com/yc2xdax5

Mai Bhago, (Mata Bhag Kaur) the sole survivor of the battle of Khidrana, i.e. Battle of Muktsar (29 December 1705), was a descendant of Pero Shah, the younger brother of Bhai Langah, a Dhillon Jatt who had become a Sikh during the time of Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji Maharaj. Born at her ancestral village of Jhabal in presentday Amritsar district of the Punjab, she was married to Nidhan Singh Varaich of Patti. A staunch Sikh by birth and upbringing, she was distressed to hear in 1705 that some of the Sikhs of her neighbourhood who had gone to Anandpur to fight for Guru Gobind Singh Ji had deserted him under adverse conditions.

Finding the men she persuaded them to find the Guru, to apologize for leaving Anandpur while it had been under attack and seek his permission to be reinstated as Sikhs. She set off along with them and some other Sikhs to find the Guru, who had been pursued by Mughal forces since leaving Anandpur. They caught up with him in the area around Malva. Mat Bhago and the men she was leading stopped near the dhab (pool) of Khidrana just as an imperial army was about to attack the Guru. The 40 sikhs who had asked the Guru for permission to leave Anandpur, had been allowed to leave, but the Guru had asked them first to leave the Khalsa and dis-avowing him as their Guru. Now fate gave them the chance to redeem themselves, nevermind that even though they appeared as Sikhs, they were no longer Khalsa, so despite the fact that they surely faced certain death, the forty (chali) men along with Mai Bhago, waded headlong into the Muslim forces (around 10,000 soldiers) and inflicted so much damage that the Muslims were finally forced to give up their attack and retreat as darkness fell to lick their wounds in the nearby woods. The Guru had watched the battle from a nearby hill and with deadly accuracy had rained down a flurry of arrows on the Mughal fighters during the attack. Seeing little activity among the party that had come to his aid he rode to the battlefield

www.stgilescathedral.org.uk/

The Thistle Chapel

The Order of the Thistle is Scotland's great order of chivalry, and membership is considered to be one of the country's highest honours. The Order is traditionally given to Scots or people of Scots ancestry, who have given distinguished service. Appointments are entirely in the personal gift of the Sovereign.

The Order of the Thistle has roots in the Middle Ages, but the presentday order was largely created in 1687 by King James VII of Scotland (King James II of England). The nave of Holyrood Abbey was adapted as its chapel, but in 1688 the Abbey was ransacked by the Edinburgh mob, furious at King James' Roman Catholic allegiance. After that, the Knights of the Thistle had no chapel of their own for over 200 years.

The Thistle Chapel was designed by Robert Lorimer and finished in 1911. It contains stalls for the 16 knights, the Sovereign's stall and two Royal stalls. The chapel contains a wealth of detail, both religious and heraldic, and much of it peculiarly Scottish, including angels playing bagpipes.

Entered through a low-vaulted vestibule or ante-chapel at the east end of the Preston aisle, the chapel is a rectangle of three bays, with a polygonal eastern apse and a stone vault encrusted with a rich pattern of ribs and carved bosses. The effect is greatly enhanced by heraldic and figurative stained glass in the windows.

Along the sides of the chapel are the knights' stalls, which are capped by lavishly carved canopies with the helms and crests of the knights rising above. The richest effect of all, however, is reserved for the Sovereign's stall at the west end of the chapel.

The Origins of St Giles'

There is record of a parish church in Edinburgh by the year 854, served by a vicar from a monastic house, probably in England. It is possible that the first church, a modest affair, was in use for several centuries before it was formally dedicated by the bishop of St Andrews on 6 October 1243. The parish church of Edinburgh was subsequently reconsecrated and named in honour of the patron saint of the town, St Giles, whose feast day is celebrated on 1 September.

The Covenanters

In 1638, those opposed to King Charles’ plans to reintroduce episcopacy in Scotland signed the National Covenant. In 1643, following a split amongst those who disagreed with the king, the Solemn League and Covenant was drawn up and then ratified by the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, then meeting in the Preston Aisle of St Giles’. The National Covenant may still be seen today in the Preston Aisle.

That St Giles, a 7th century hermit (and, later, abbot) who lived in France, became the patron of both town and church was probably due to the ancient ties between Scotland and France.

According to legend, Giles was accidentally wounded by a huntsman in pursuit of a hind and, after his death in the early 8th century, there were dedicated to him hospitals and safe houses for cripples, beggars and lepers were established throughout England and Scotland within easy reach of the impoverished and the infirm. St Giles is usually depicted protecting a hind from an arrow, which had pierced his own body, a fine relief of which rests in the tympanum over the west (main) doors of the Cathedral.

St Giles' in the Middle Ages

St Giles' was founded in the 1120s when the Scottish royal family, the sons of Queen (Saint) Margaret and King Malcolm Canmore, especially David I (1124-1153) made strenuous efforts to spread Catholic Christian worship throughout the Scottish lowlands.

This church was probably quite small, Norman (i.e. Romanesque, with rounded arches and elaborate carving) in style, like others built at the same time. Few traces of it survive in the present building.

In 1385, a much larger church (early Gothic, pointed arches and simple octagonal pillars) was partially burned. No record has been found of the building of this second church. It was quickly repaired.

Over the next 150 years many chapels were added. These included chapels set up by the craftsmen's guilds of Edinburgh, chapels endowed by prominent merchants and nobles, and a chapel for a relic of St Giles. By the middle of the 16th century, there were around fifty altars in the church.

The Church becomes a Cathedral

For more than a century after the Reformation, worship in St Giles’ was disrupted by the disagreements about church government. In 1633, King Charles I appointed Scottish Episcopal bishops in Scotland and in 1635 William Forbes became the first bishop of the new diocese of Edinburgh, with St Giles’ as its cathedral, which it remained until 1638 and again from 1661-1689. That St Giles’ is commonly called a cathedral dates from this period.

St Giles' in the 20th and 21st Centuries

In 1911 the Thistle Chapel (architect: Sir Robert Lorimer) was completed, to be used by the Knights of the Thistle, Scotland's order of chivalry. Though small, it is in 15th century high Gothic style and full of elaborate carvings in wood and stone and of colourful heraldry.

Over the last hundred years or more, St Giles' has hosted important events including state occasions and services of national thanksgiving.

A new restoration programme began in 1977. In addition to essential repairs to roof, stone and glass, the interior has been lightened, the focus of worship moved from the east end to a new sanctuary in the middle of the church ("the crossing") and a magnificent new organ installed. Space has been converted from old cellars and crypts for meeting and eating. Much remains to be done

A couple pose in a bathroom wearing sunglasses.

The Thistle Chapel

The Order of the Thistle is Scotland’s great order of chivalry, and membership is considered to be one of the country’s highest honours. The Order is traditionally given to Scots or people of Scots ancestry, who have given distinguished service. Appointments are entirely in the personal gift of the Sovereign.

The Order of the Thistle has roots in the Middle Ages, but the presentday order was largely created in 1687 by King James VII of Scotland (King James II of England). The nave of Holyrood Abbey was adapted as its chapel, but in 1688 the Abbey was ransacked by the Edinburgh mob, furious at King James’ Roman Catholic allegiance. After that, the Knights of the Thistle had no chapel of their own for over 200 years.

The Thistle Chapel was designed by Robert Lorimer and finished in 1911. It contains stalls for the 16 knights, the Sovereign’s stall and two Royal stalls. The chapel contains a wealth of detail, both religious and heraldic, and much of it peculiarly Scottish, including angels playing bagpipes.

Entered through a low-vaulted vestibule or ante-chapel at the east end of the Preston aisle, the chapel is a rectangle of three bays, with a polygonal eastern apse and a stone vault encrusted with a rich pattern of ribs and carved bosses. The effect is greatly enhanced by heraldic and figurative stained glass in the windows.

Along the sides of the chapel are the knights’ stalls, which are capped by lavishly carved canopies with the helms and crests of the knights rising above. The richest effect of all, however, is reserved for the Sovereign’s stall at the west end of the chapel.

www.stgilescathedral.org.uk/saint-giles-history/the-thist...

————————————————————

The Thistle Chapel is the chapel of The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle, Scotland's foremost Order of Chivalry. The chapel was built in 1911 to designs by Sir Robert Lorimer, at the south-east corner of the church. It is small, but exquisite, with carved and painted fittings of extraordinary detail. One figure depicts an angel playing bagpipes. The Order, which was founded by King James VII in 1687, consists of the Scottish monarch and 16 knights. The knights are the personal appointment of the monarch, and are normally Scots who have made a significant contribution to national or international affairs. Knights have included Sir Alec Douglas-Home, Lord Mackay of Clashfern and Sir Fitzroy Maclean.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Giles%27_Cathedral

See more on the link below:-

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Giles'_Cathedral

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thistle_Chapel

Irena Wyczółkowska.

Nisza. Project Marek Adamik

www.marekadamik.com/portfolio

Here I am, you loving friend Mystic Ed together with Fluffy we both send our love to you, hope you are all happy, or at least trying to be and that we are only a comment or a flickr mail, e mail or telephone call away.

I drew this card for all of us , earlier. It says "Divine Timing" and has a cupid on the card. And its true, there is a time, place and reason for everything. Why things dont happen at a time when we wish or things that happen for a reason we dont understand at the time. Then one day, there comes a day when all the pieces of the spiritual jigsaw simply fit into place.

www.stgilescathedral.org.uk/

The Thistle Chapel

The Order of the Thistle is Scotland's great order of chivalry, and membership is considered to be one of the country's highest honours. The Order is traditionally given to Scots or people of Scots ancestry, who have given distinguished service. Appointments are entirely in the personal gift of the Sovereign.

The Order of the Thistle has roots in the Middle Ages, but the presentday order was largely created in 1687 by King James VII of Scotland (King James II of England). The nave of Holyrood Abbey was adapted as its chapel, but in 1688 the Abbey was ransacked by the Edinburgh mob, furious at King James' Roman Catholic allegiance. After that, the Knights of the Thistle had no chapel of their own for over 200 years.

The Thistle Chapel was designed by Robert Lorimer and finished in 1911. It contains stalls for the 16 knights, the Sovereign's stall and two Royal stalls. The chapel contains a wealth of detail, both religious and heraldic, and much of it peculiarly Scottish, including angels playing bagpipes.

Entered through a low-vaulted vestibule or ante-chapel at the east end of the Preston aisle, the chapel is a rectangle of three bays, with a polygonal eastern apse and a stone vault encrusted with a rich pattern of ribs and carved bosses. The effect is greatly enhanced by heraldic and figurative stained glass in the windows.

Along the sides of the chapel are the knights' stalls, which are capped by lavishly carved canopies with the helms and crests of the knights rising above. The richest effect of all, however, is reserved for the Sovereign's stall at the west end of the chapel.

The Origins of St Giles'

There is record of a parish church in Edinburgh by the year 854, served by a vicar from a monastic house, probably in England. It is possible that the first church, a modest affair, was in use for several centuries before it was formally dedicated by the bishop of St Andrews on 6 October 1243. The parish church of Edinburgh was subsequently reconsecrated and named in honour of the patron saint of the town, St Giles, whose feast day is celebrated on 1 September.

The Covenanters

In 1638, those opposed to King Charles’ plans to reintroduce episcopacy in Scotland signed the National Covenant. In 1643, following a split amongst those who disagreed with the king, the Solemn League and Covenant was drawn up and then ratified by the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, then meeting in the Preston Aisle of St Giles’. The National Covenant may still be seen today in the Preston Aisle.

That St Giles, a 7th century hermit (and, later, abbot) who lived in France, became the patron of both town and church was probably due to the ancient ties between Scotland and France.

According to legend, Giles was accidentally wounded by a huntsman in pursuit of a hind and, after his death in the early 8th century, there were dedicated to him hospitals and safe houses for cripples, beggars and lepers were established throughout England and Scotland within easy reach of the impoverished and the infirm. St Giles is usually depicted protecting a hind from an arrow, which had pierced his own body, a fine relief of which rests in the tympanum over the west (main) doors of the Cathedral.

St Giles' in the Middle Ages

St Giles' was founded in the 1120s when the Scottish royal family, the sons of Queen (Saint) Margaret and King Malcolm Canmore, especially David I (1124-1153) made strenuous efforts to spread Catholic Christian worship throughout the Scottish lowlands.

This church was probably quite small, Norman (i.e. Romanesque, with rounded arches and elaborate carving) in style, like others built at the same time. Few traces of it survive in the present building.

In 1385, a much larger church (early Gothic, pointed arches and simple octagonal pillars) was partially burned. No record has been found of the building of this second church. It was quickly repaired.

Over the next 150 years many chapels were added. These included chapels set up by the craftsmen's guilds of Edinburgh, chapels endowed by prominent merchants and nobles, and a chapel for a relic of St Giles. By the middle of the 16th century, there were around fifty altars in the church.

The Church becomes a Cathedral

For more than a century after the Reformation, worship in St Giles’ was disrupted by the disagreements about church government. In 1633, King Charles I appointed Scottish Episcopal bishops in Scotland and in 1635 William Forbes became the first bishop of the new diocese of Edinburgh, with St Giles’ as its cathedral, which it remained until 1638 and again from 1661-1689. That St Giles’ is commonly called a cathedral dates from this period.

St Giles' in the 20th and 21st Centuries

In 1911 the Thistle Chapel (architect: Sir Robert Lorimer) was completed, to be used by the Knights of the Thistle, Scotland's order of chivalry. Though small, it is in 15th century high Gothic style and full of elaborate carvings in wood and stone and of colourful heraldry.

Over the last hundred years or more, St Giles' has hosted important events including state occasions and services of national thanksgiving.

A new restoration programme began in 1977. In addition to essential repairs to roof, stone and glass, the interior has been lightened, the focus of worship moved from the east end to a new sanctuary in the middle of the church ("the crossing") and a magnificent new organ installed. Space has been converted from old cellars and crypts for meeting and eating. Much remains to be done

This pond was most probably the millpond of a watermill sited close to the presentday bridge.

The Thistle Chapel

The Order of the Thistle is Scotland’s great order of chivalry, and membership is considered to be one of the country’s highest honours. The Order is traditionally given to Scots or people of Scots ancestry, who have given distinguished service. Appointments are entirely in the personal gift of the Sovereign.

The Order of the Thistle has roots in the Middle Ages, but the presentday order was largely created in 1687 by King James VII of Scotland (King James II of England). The nave of Holyrood Abbey was adapted as its chapel, but in 1688 the Abbey was ransacked by the Edinburgh mob, furious at King James’ Roman Catholic allegiance. After that, the Knights of the Thistle had no chapel of their own for over 200 years.

The Thistle Chapel was designed by Robert Lorimer and finished in 1911. It contains stalls for the 16 knights, the Sovereign’s stall and two Royal stalls. The chapel contains a wealth of detail, both religious and heraldic, and much of it peculiarly Scottish, including angels playing bagpipes.

Entered through a low-vaulted vestibule or ante-chapel at the east end of the Preston aisle, the chapel is a rectangle of three bays, with a polygonal eastern apse and a stone vault encrusted with a rich pattern of ribs and carved bosses. The effect is greatly enhanced by heraldic and figurative stained glass in the windows.

Along the sides of the chapel are the knights’ stalls, which are capped by lavishly carved canopies with the helms and crests of the knights rising above. The richest effect of all, however, is reserved for the Sovereign’s stall at the west end of the chapel.

www.stgilescathedral.org.uk/saint-giles-history/the-thist...

————————————————————

The Thistle Chapel is the chapel of The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle, Scotland's foremost Order of Chivalry. The chapel was built in 1911 to designs by Sir Robert Lorimer, at the south-east corner of the church. It is small, but exquisite, with carved and painted fittings of extraordinary detail. One figure depicts an angel playing bagpipes. The Order, which was founded by King James VII in 1687, consists of the Scottish monarch and 16 knights. The knights are the personal appointment of the monarch, and are normally Scots who have made a significant contribution to national or international affairs. Knights have included Sir Alec Douglas-Home, Lord Mackay of Clashfern and Sir Fitzroy Maclean.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Giles%27_Cathedral

See more on the link below:-

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Giles'_Cathedral

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thistle_Chapel

The Thistle Chapel

The Order of the Thistle is Scotland’s great order of chivalry, and membership is considered to be one of the country’s highest honours. The Order is traditionally given to Scots or people of Scots ancestry, who have given distinguished service. Appointments are entirely in the personal gift of the Sovereign.

The Order of the Thistle has roots in the Middle Ages, but the presentday order was largely created in 1687 by King James VII of Scotland (King James II of England). The nave of Holyrood Abbey was adapted as its chapel, but in 1688 the Abbey was ransacked by the Edinburgh mob, furious at King James’ Roman Catholic allegiance. After that, the Knights of the Thistle had no chapel of their own for over 200 years.

The Thistle Chapel was designed by Robert Lorimer and finished in 1911. It contains stalls for the 16 knights, the Sovereign’s stall and two Royal stalls. The chapel contains a wealth of detail, both religious and heraldic, and much of it peculiarly Scottish, including angels playing bagpipes.

Entered through a low-vaulted vestibule or ante-chapel at the east end of the Preston aisle, the chapel is a rectangle of three bays, with a polygonal eastern apse and a stone vault encrusted with a rich pattern of ribs and carved bosses. The effect is greatly enhanced by heraldic and figurative stained glass in the windows.

Along the sides of the chapel are the knights’ stalls, which are capped by lavishly carved canopies with the helms and crests of the knights rising above. The richest effect of all, however, is reserved for the Sovereign’s stall at the west end of the chapel.

www.stgilescathedral.org.uk/saint-giles-history/the-thist...

————————————————————

The Thistle Chapel is the chapel of The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle, Scotland's foremost Order of Chivalry. The chapel was built in 1911 to designs by Sir Robert Lorimer, at the south-east corner of the church. It is small, but exquisite, with carved and painted fittings of extraordinary detail. One figure depicts an angel playing bagpipes. The Order, which was founded by King James VII in 1687, consists of the Scottish monarch and 16 knights. The knights are the personal appointment of the monarch, and are normally Scots who have made a significant contribution to national or international affairs. Knights have included Sir Alec Douglas-Home, Lord Mackay of Clashfern and Sir Fitzroy Maclean.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Giles%27_Cathedral

See more on the link below:-

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Giles'_Cathedral

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thistle_Chapel

New Tree Of Life Moon Phases Design!

T-Shirts | Hoodies

Shop Now ➥ 3rd-eye-perceptions.printify.me/

Amazon USA Select Shirts ➥ tinyurl.com/28ubsnmy

Checkout The Youtube Video

Give It A Like & Subscribe!

➥ www.youtube.com/shorts/hl0ws8NLlRM

#3rdeyeperceptions

Purchase Here ➥ 3rd-eye-perceptions.printify.me/

Instagram ➥ tinyurl.com/yc2xdax5

3rd Eye Values Your Support Our Unique Small Business, With Your Help Will Keep Growing. Bringing Fresh New Quality Designs Weekly!

Grab A Unique Gift For Yourself Or Loved Ones.

Offering Quality Prints / Original Artwork / Unique Gifts & Worldwide Shipping

Youtube Video! Like & Subscribe

Help Our Channel Grow!

Youtube Video ➥ www.youtube.com/@3rdEyePerceptions/shorts

Shop Now ➥ 3rd-eye-perceptions.printify.me/

Amazon USA Select Shirts ➥ tinyurl.com/28ubsnmy

#3rdeyeperceptions

3rd Eye Values Your Support For Our Unique Small Business. With Your Help 3rd Eye Will Keep Growing, Bringing New Quality Designs & Original Artwork For Years To Come!

So Please Grab A Unique Gift For Yourself & Your Loved Ones.

Offering Quality Prints / Original Artwork / Unique Gifts & Worldwide Shipping

Purchase Here ➥ 3rd-eye-perceptions.printify.me/

Instagram ➥ tinyurl.com/yc2xdax5

3rd Eye Values Your Support For Our Unique Small Business. With Your Help 3rd Eye Will Keep Growing, Bringing New Quality Designs & Original Artwork For Years To Come!

So Please Grab A Unique Gift For Yourself & Your Loved Ones.

Offering Quality Prints / Original Artwork / Unique Gifts & Worldwide Shipping

Purchase Here ➥ 3rd-eye-perceptions.printify.me/

Instagram ➥ tinyurl.com/yc2xdax5

3rd Eye Values Your Support For Our Unique Small Business. With Your Help 3rd Eye Will Keep Growing, Bringing New Quality Designs & Original Artwork For Years To Come!

So Please Grab A Unique Gift For Yourself & Your Loved Ones.

Offering Quality Prints / Original Artwork / Unique Gifts & Worldwide Shipping

Purchase Here ➥ 3rd-eye-perceptions.printify.me/

Instagram ➥ tinyurl.com/yc2xdax5

Purchase Here ➥ 3rd-eye-perceptions.printify.me/

Instagram ➥ tinyurl.com/yc2xdax5

3rd Eye Values Your Support Our Unique Small Business, With Your Help Will Keep Growing. Bringing Fresh New Quality Designs Weekly!

Grab A Unique Gift For Yourself Or Loved Ones.

Offering Quality Prints / Original Artwork / Unique Gifts & Worldwide Shipping

After a long search he chose San Francisco Del Monte, in presentday Quezon City.

3rd Eye Values Your Support For Our Unique Small Business. With Your Help 3rd Eye Will Keep Growing, Bringing New Quality Designs & Original Artwork For Years To Come!

So Please Grab A Unique Gift For Yourself & Your Loved Ones.

Offering Quality Prints / Original Artwork / Unique Gifts & Worldwide Shipping

Purchase Here ➥ 3rd-eye-perceptions.printify.me/

Instagram ➥ tinyurl.com/yc2xdax5

The Thistle Chapel

The Order of the Thistle is Scotland’s great order of chivalry, and membership is considered to be one of the country’s highest honours. The Order is traditionally given to Scots or people of Scots ancestry, who have given distinguished service. Appointments are entirely in the personal gift of the Sovereign.

The Order of the Thistle has roots in the Middle Ages, but the presentday order was largely created in 1687 by King James VII of Scotland (King James II of England). The nave of Holyrood Abbey was adapted as its chapel, but in 1688 the Abbey was ransacked by the Edinburgh mob, furious at King James’ Roman Catholic allegiance. After that, the Knights of the Thistle had no chapel of their own for over 200 years.

The Thistle Chapel was designed by Robert Lorimer and finished in 1911. It contains stalls for the 16 knights, the Sovereign’s stall and two Royal stalls. The chapel contains a wealth of detail, both religious and heraldic, and much of it peculiarly Scottish, including angels playing bagpipes.

Entered through a low-vaulted vestibule or ante-chapel at the east end of the Preston aisle, the chapel is a rectangle of three bays, with a polygonal eastern apse and a stone vault encrusted with a rich pattern of ribs and carved bosses. The effect is greatly enhanced by heraldic and figurative stained glass in the windows.

Along the sides of the chapel are the knights’ stalls, which are capped by lavishly carved canopies with the helms and crests of the knights rising above. The richest effect of all, however, is reserved for the Sovereign’s stall at the west end of the chapel.

www.stgilescathedral.org.uk/saint-giles-history/the-thist...

————————————————————

The Thistle Chapel is the chapel of The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle, Scotland's foremost Order of Chivalry. The chapel was built in 1911 to designs by Sir Robert Lorimer, at the south-east corner of the church. It is small, but exquisite, with carved and painted fittings of extraordinary detail. One figure depicts an angel playing bagpipes. The Order, which was founded by King James VII in 1687, consists of the Scottish monarch and 16 knights. The knights are the personal appointment of the monarch, and are normally Scots who have made a significant contribution to national or international affairs. Knights have included Sir Alec Douglas-Home, Lord Mackay of Clashfern and Sir Fitzroy Maclean.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Giles%27_Cathedral

See more on the link below:-

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Giles'_Cathedral

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thistle_Chapel

Like & Subscribe

Help Our Channel Grow!

New Viking & Zodiac Shirt Designs

Available in Black & White on T-Shirts & Hoodies

Purchase Here ➥ 3rd-eye-perceptions.printify.me/

Youtube Short ➥ www.youtube.com/shorts/NIzKukeZCL4

Eye makeup is an awesome approach to make your eyes look more excellent. In presentdays there are countless eye cosmetics styles and methods accessible to suite any lady's requirements.

The Thistle Chapel

The Order of the Thistle is Scotland’s great order of chivalry, and membership is considered to be one of the country’s highest honours. The Order is traditionally given to Scots or people of Scots ancestry, who have given distinguished service. Appointments are entirely in the personal gift of the Sovereign.

The Order of the Thistle has roots in the Middle Ages, but the presentday order was largely created in 1687 by King James VII of Scotland (King James II of England). The nave of Holyrood Abbey was adapted as its chapel, but in 1688 the Abbey was ransacked by the Edinburgh mob, furious at King James’ Roman Catholic allegiance. After that, the Knights of the Thistle had no chapel of their own for over 200 years.

The Thistle Chapel was designed by Robert Lorimer and finished in 1911. It contains stalls for the 16 knights, the Sovereign’s stall and two Royal stalls. The chapel contains a wealth of detail, both religious and heraldic, and much of it peculiarly Scottish, including angels playing bagpipes.

Entered through a low-vaulted vestibule or ante-chapel at the east end of the Preston aisle, the chapel is a rectangle of three bays, with a polygonal eastern apse and a stone vault encrusted with a rich pattern of ribs and carved bosses. The effect is greatly enhanced by heraldic and figurative stained glass in the windows.

Along the sides of the chapel are the knights’ stalls, which are capped by lavishly carved canopies with the helms and crests of the knights rising above. The richest effect of all, however, is reserved for the Sovereign’s stall at the west end of the chapel.

www.stgilescathedral.org.uk/saint-giles-history/the-thist...

————————————————————

The Thistle Chapel is the chapel of The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle, Scotland's foremost Order of Chivalry. The chapel was built in 1911 to designs by Sir Robert Lorimer, at the south-east corner of the church. It is small, but exquisite, with carved and painted fittings of extraordinary detail. One figure depicts an angel playing bagpipes. The Order, which was founded by King James VII in 1687, consists of the Scottish monarch and 16 knights. The knights are the personal appointment of the monarch, and are normally Scots who have made a significant contribution to national or international affairs. Knights have included Sir Alec Douglas-Home, Lord Mackay of Clashfern and Sir Fitzroy Maclean.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Giles%27_Cathedral

See more on the link below:-

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Giles'_Cathedral

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thistle_Chapel

The Thistle Chapel

The Order of the Thistle is Scotland’s great order of chivalry, and membership is considered to be one of the country’s highest honours. The Order is traditionally given to Scots or people of Scots ancestry, who have given distinguished service. Appointments are entirely in the personal gift of the Sovereign.

The Order of the Thistle has roots in the Middle Ages, but the presentday order was largely created in 1687 by King James VII of Scotland (King James II of England). The nave of Holyrood Abbey was adapted as its chapel, but in 1688 the Abbey was ransacked by the Edinburgh mob, furious at King James’ Roman Catholic allegiance. After that, the Knights of the Thistle had no chapel of their own for over 200 years.

The Thistle Chapel was designed by Robert Lorimer and finished in 1911. It contains stalls for the 16 knights, the Sovereign’s stall and two Royal stalls. The chapel contains a wealth of detail, both religious and heraldic, and much of it peculiarly Scottish, including angels playing bagpipes.

Entered through a low-vaulted vestibule or ante-chapel at the east end of the Preston aisle, the chapel is a rectangle of three bays, with a polygonal eastern apse and a stone vault encrusted with a rich pattern of ribs and carved bosses. The effect is greatly enhanced by heraldic and figurative stained glass in the windows.

Along the sides of the chapel are the knights’ stalls, which are capped by lavishly carved canopies with the helms and crests of the knights rising above. The richest effect of all, however, is reserved for the Sovereign’s stall at the west end of the chapel.

www.stgilescathedral.org.uk/saint-giles-history/the-thist...

————————————————————

The Thistle Chapel is the chapel of The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle, Scotland's foremost Order of Chivalry. The chapel was built in 1911 to designs by Sir Robert Lorimer, at the south-east corner of the church. It is small, but exquisite, with carved and painted fittings of extraordinary detail. One figure depicts an angel playing bagpipes. The Order, which was founded by King James VII in 1687, consists of the Scottish monarch and 16 knights. The knights are the personal appointment of the monarch, and are normally Scots who have made a significant contribution to national or international affairs. Knights have included Sir Alec Douglas-Home, Lord Mackay of Clashfern and Sir Fitzroy Maclean.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Giles%27_Cathedral

See more on the link below:-

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Giles'_Cathedral

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thistle_Chapel