Philadelphia, PA, est. 1682; pop. 1,567,442 (metro 6MM)

 

• built in 1740 • earliest known photograph is dated 1859 — bldg. was then 119 yrs. old [photo] • Georgian-Colonial trinity aka "bandbox" design • typically, trinity houses had 1 room per floor & were built facing each other in rows of 4 identical bldgs. • in addition to the room on each floor, this house had a walkable attic room & a cellar

 

• served as both business & residence for shopkeepers & artisans for over 150 yrs. • among the occupants in the 18th c. were a shoemaker, apothecary & an upholsterer named Betsy Ross, who is said to have sewn the first American flag in this building • estimates of when & how long she lived here have her arriving in 1773 at the earliest & departing as late as 1791

 

• over time the house changed in appearance [photos] as neighborhood houses were razed & replaced w/larger commercial buildings —Where's Betsy

 

Betsy Ross

 

• Elizabeth "Betsy" Griscom (1752-1836) was a fourth-generation American • daughter of Samuel Griscom (1717-1793) & Rebecca James (c. 1730-1793) • the 8th of their 17 children • great granddaughter of Andrew Griscom (c. 1654-1694), a Quaker carpenter who migrated from England to New Jersey in 1680, 1 yr. before William Penn founded Philadelphia

 

"She often laughed at the curious fact that she was born on the first day of the week, the first day of the month, the first day of the year, and the first year of the 'new style' [which was] the dividing line between the old way of measuring the years time and the new method under the [Gregorian calendar… She was also] the seventh daughter of a seventh daughter." —C.B. Satterthwaite, great grandson, The Des Moines Register, 07 Jan, 1906

 

• at age 3 Betsy's family moved to a large home at 4th & Arch Sts. • went to a Friends (Quaker) public school • 8 of her siblings died before adulthood • lost her mother, father & sister, Deborah, to the 1793 yellow fever epidemic

 

• upon completion of her schooling at age 12, her father apprenticed her to upholsterer John Webster • fell in love with fellow apprentice John Ross (1752-1773), son of an Episcopal asst. rector at Christ Church • defying her parents, in 1773 Betsy, age 21, eloped w/John

 

• Betsy's sister Sarah & her husband Capt. Wm. Donaldson rowed the couple across the Delaware River, heading 5 miles downstream to Gloucestertown, NJ • they were married at family friend William Hugg Jr.'s tavern & inn, known locally as Hugg's …more: The New Jersey Hugg Line

 

• because her marriage to a non-Quaker was considered an act of "disorderly and undutiful conduct," Betsy was split from her family & read out of meeting, i.e., disowned by her Quaker community • became a member of Christ Church • the Ross's pew No. 12 [photo] was adjacent to Martha & George Washington's No. 56 & not far from Deborah & Benjamin Franklin's No. 70

 

• the newlyweds — now trained upholsterers — opened their own business • c. 1773 they rented a house, probably at what is today 239 Arch St. although the exact site is still debated by historians • most records point to this house or one next door at No. 241, long since razed

 

"The identity of the location was always preserved in the family, which agrees with the records in the old Philadelphia directories… from 1785, the first published, to the removal of Betsy Ross and her husband from 239 Arch Street, in 1791" —Betsy Ross grandson George Canby, New York Times, 05 July, 1908

 

• Benjamin Franklin & Benjamin Chew were among the Rosses' customers • business slowed during the Revolutionary War as fabric was in short supply • John Ross joined the Pennsylvania militia • mid-Jan., 1776, he was gravely wounded by a powder explosion at a Delaware River ammunition cache, apparently while standing guard • Betsy nursed him in their home, but he died within days

 

• in June, 1777, Betsy married girlhood suitor Joseph Ashburn, a privateer who commanded the sailing sloop Swallow • the couple had 2 daughters • the 1st, Aucilla ("Zillah"), died in infancy

 

• British troops entered Philadelphia on 26 Sep., 1777 after their victory at the Battle of Brandywine • the Ashburn home was forcibly shared with British occupation soldiers as the Continental Army suffered through the killing winter at Valley Forge • the British soldiers nicknamed Betsy "Little Rebel" —US History•org

 

• Betsy was pregnant with Elizabeth ("Eliza") when Joseph accepted a job offer & shipped out as first mate on the 6-gun brigantine, Patty • returned to be present for the Feb., 1781 birth of their 2nd daughter

 

• Joseph became master of the 18-gun Lion & took her to sea late in the summer of 1781 • on 31 Aug., his ship was captured off the coast of France by a 44-gun British frigate, the HMS Prudente

 

• prior to March, 1782, the British refused to designate captured rebels as prisoners of war, thus the captives from the Lion were viewed as traitors, charged with high treason & committed to Plymouth, England's Mill Prison [images] • while incarcerated, Ashburn met fellow prisoner John Claypoole, a longtime friend of the Ross family

 

• Claypoole, a Continental Army vet, had been wounded at Germantown & consequently discharged • in 1781 he signed on to man the 18-gun Pennsylvania privateer Chevalier de la Luzerne & was captured in April • in the spring of 1782 Ashburn died in prison, leaving Betsy a 2-time war widow at age 30 —Betsy Ross and the Making of America

 

"In the Night of the 3d of March Mr Joseph Ashburn departed this life after an illness of about a week which he bore with amazing fortitude & resignation" —John Claypoole, Mill Prison

 

"The story goes that Ashburn, while in Mill Prison, often talked with John Claypoole about his wife, Betty*, and at his death sent farewell messages by him to her. Claypoole, on his arrival in Philadelphia, hastened to deliver these messages, and inside of eight months he married her." —John Claypoole's Memorandum-Book *Betsy is referred to as "Betty" in some 18th, 19th & early 20th c. books & media

 

• in 1782 Claypoole returned to Philadelphia, called on Betsy & married her the following year • gave up his seafaring career to join her at the Arch St. upholstery shop • though renamed "John Claypoole, upholsterer," to customers the shop remained Betsy's place • the couple had 5 daughters: Clarissa, Susanna, Rachel, Jane & Harriet, who died at 9 months • sometime after Susanna's birth in 1786, the Claypooles moved from Arch St. to a larger house on 2nd

 

• Betsy returned to her Quaker roots, albeit with the Free (Fighting) Quakers, a group exiled from the main Quaker community when their support for the Revolution was ruled a violation of the faith's peace testimony • the couple became members c. 1785 • image: Betsy Claypoole signature taken from the Meeting House roster

 

• it is widely believed that when the Free Quaker Meeting House shut down in 1834, it was its last attending members — Elizabeth Claypoole & Samuel Wetherill — who closed the doors

 

• in 1817, after a long illness, John Claypoole died • Betsy never remarried • after retiring, she moved to the home of her daughter, Susanna • she died on 30 Jan, 1836, age 84

 

The American Flags

 

"Flags were a rare sight on land in the British North American colonies," —Wooden Teachout, Capture the Flag: A Political History of American Patriotism

 

• American flags were seldom used in parades or displayed by private citizens • colors were flown mainly in battle, over government institutions & on ships, where they were essential to identifying other vessels & determining friend or foe

 

• this changed after America's 1876 Centennial Exposition, which explains why "flags made prior to the Civil War are extremely rare, and flags made before 1820 are practically nonexistent." —Jeff R. Bridgeman, Stars and Stripes, Early American Life, Aug. 2011

 

• with the onset of the Revolutionary War, a flag for the "United Colonies" was created without the sanction of the Continental Congress • this 1775 flag was known as the Continental Colors, aka Grand Union, Congress Flag, Cambridge Flag

 

• on 2 Dec., 1775, the 1st Continental Colors flag was hand sewn by milliner Margaret Manny, who had begun making flags & ensigns the previous year

 

"Everyone knows about Betsy Ross, why do we know nothing about Margaret Manny? Probably for no better reason than that she had fewer articulate friends and relatives to build a story around her." —historian Barbara Tuchman, The First Salute

 

• the Continental Colors had 13 alternating red & white stripes with the British Union crosses in the canton • was created to replace the use of individual colony flags • prior to the Declaration of Independence, it was probably the most used unofficial flag of the revolution • American Flag Timeline

 

• the inclusion of the British Jack in the design signals that this flag was intended not for a civil war of secession, but rather a crusade to secure the American colonists' rights as Englishman • prior to the signing of the Declaration of Independence, Gen. George Washington, still hoping for reconciliation with Mother England, would occasionally toast the King —The Forgotten Flag of the American Revolution and What It Means

 

• on 3 Dec, 1775, the new flag was raised by 1st Lt. John Paul Jones (1747-1792) on the 30-gun Continental Navy frigate USS Alfred [painting], the 1st national ensign to fly on an American fighting vessel —Naval History Blog

 

• the flag later flew over the signing of the Declaration of Independence & according to tradition (contested by some scholars), it was raised on a ship's mast atop Charlestown's Prospect Hill [painting] during Washington's 1 Jan., 1776 siege of Boston

 

• spotting the hybrid British/American flag for the first time, confused British observers took it as a signal of submission: “By this time, I presume, they begin to think it strange that we have not made a formal surrender of our lines,” Washington wrote • his psychological weaponry also included an early form of war propaganda

 

• absent a single government-mandated flag design, a variety of others were used • within a yr. after Prospect hill, the Continental Colors' Union Jack was replaced by a blue field w/13 white stars in various arrangements, e.g., rows, or possibly a circle?

 

• on 14 June, 1777, now celebrated as Flag Day, the American Flag was born by resolution of the Continental Congress, the country’s 1st flag law • during the Revolutionary period that followed, the stars on most American flags were arranged in rows of 4-5-4 with the number of points on most stars ranging from 4 to 8 • compared to the Continental Colors, the rows of stars made it easier to identify the flag/ship/nationality at sea —The 13 Stars & Stripes

 

The Story

 

• about a year before the Flag Resolution of 1777 Betsy Ross, 5-months a widow & struggling to make a ends meet, is said to have received a visit from a Continental Congress flag committee (apparently a secret one as there are no records of its existence)

 

• according to the well known Betsy Ross story, in late May of 1776 (but possibly 1777) 3 heroes of the revolution — George Ross, the uncle of Betsy's late husband, financier/slave trader Robert Morris & Betsy's pew neighbor Gen. George Washington [portraits] — called on her to discuss a flag for the new nation

 

• Rachel Fletcher (Betsy's daughter) recalled that "…she was previously well acquainted with Washington, and that he had often been in her house in friendly visits, as well as on business. That she had embroidered ruffles for his shirt bosoms and cuffs, and that it was partly owing to his friendship for her that she was chosen to make the flag." —Rachel's affidavit

 

• as told by Betsy, Gen. Washington, then head of the Continental Army, showed her a rough design of a flag with 6-pointed stars • she offered suggestions for modifications & stated a preference for 5-pointed stars • when her visitors expressed concern over the difficulty of producing them, she replied, "Nothing easier," which she then proved by cutting a 5-pointed star in a single snip • video: Make a perfect star with ONE cut! (1:15) • Two Conundrums Concerning the Betsy Ross Five-Pointed Star

 

• changes approved, Washington redrew the flag w/a pencil • Betsy's friend & collaborator William Barrett, a Cherry St. ornamental painter created a water color copy of the drawing for her to work from • 1-2 other seamstresses sewed alternate designs for the committee, but only Betsy's was approved & used

 

• what is known today as the "Betsy Ross flag" has 13 red & white stripes & a ring of 13, white 5-pointed stars • though the design may have been in use by 1777, vexillologists believe that between 1777-1795, (the yrs. the official flag had 13 stars) most flags displayed stars in rows, which are easier to produce than a circle

 

• None of the surviving flags from the 18th century exhibit the Betsy Ross pattern • however a few examples are depicted in the art of the era (although period art is notoriously unreliable for flag research)

 

• the flag depicted in Chas. Willson Peale's 1779 George Washington at the Battle of Princeton is generally considered credible & "may be the only evidence in a painting… that suggests that a circle-pattern flag may have existed in colonial times… Otherwise, you won't see an American flag with a perfect circle of stars made before the 1890s." —Jeff R. Bridgeman, loc. cit.13 Stars in the Betsy Ross Pattern • historically significant the American flags [images]

 

• though known as an upholsterer, there is no doubt that Betsy made flags, having sewn pennants & ensigns for the Pennsylvania State Navy Board (as did Margaret Manning & Rebecca Young, whose daughter Mary Pickersgill would go on to sew the enormous flag that inspired the U.S. National Anthem, Francis Scott Key's The Star-Spangled Banner)

 

• a month before Congress passed the Flag Resolution, Betsy was paid 14 pounds, 12 shillings, 2 pence (~$2,300 in 2017 USD) for what must have been a prodigious quantity of Pennsylvania Navy flags • there is no hard evidence that any of these were American flags • "...today we are reasonably convinced that Betsy’s flag was a naval flag, with a simple ‘in line’ arrangement of the stars…" —John B. Harker, Historian & Betsy Ross descendent

 

• Betsy (Elizabeth Claypool) was now in the business of producing flags & ensigns for the federal govt. • throughout the Jefferson & Madison admins. the skilled needlewoman made flags as large as 18' x 24' for American military installations, with demand peaking during the War of 1812

 

• for the rest of her life she — in her words — "never knew what it was to want employment" • her oldest daughter, Clarissa Sidney Wilson (1785-1864) [portrait], succeeded her, supplying arsenals, navy yards & the mercantile marine with flags for years —Betsy Ross•org

 

"In the last years of her life, Ross was neither more nor less important than other aging women who had lived through the Revolution. That she became famous while others were forgotten exposes the interlocking power of family history, local memory, and national politics." —How Betsy Ross Became Famous by Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, Historian

 

The Legend

 

"…at a time of great historic import such as that time when the Declaration was signed, people have no leisure to think about the minor events which are taking place. Thus, during the revolution no one thought of Betsy Ross as a national heroine, and it was not, in fact until 1870 that William J. Canby (1825-1890) first brought the story of how the first flag was made into general prominence." —Dr. Lloyd Balderston, great-grandson of Betsy Ross, The Philadelphia Inquirer, 3 Jul, 1908

 

• there is no record of the the Betsy Ross story prior to 1870 • that year — 34 years after her death — Betsy's 45 yr. old grandson, a title processor named William Jackson Canby, presented a paper titled The History of the Flag of the United States to the Historical Society of Pennsylvania • the document, accompanied by sworn affidavits, was an oral history passed on by descendants of Betsy Ross, including Canby himself who was 11 yrs. old when she died • …more: The Evolution of the American Flag by (Betsy Ross descendants) George Canby (1829-1907), Lloyd Balderston, Ph.D (1863-1933)

 

• the story was largely ignored until it was mentioned in historian George Henry Preble's 1872 book Our Flag & appeared in the July, 1873 Harper's Monthly [illustration] • with Civil War wounds slowly healing & the 1876 centennial celebration fast approaching, Betsy Ross & the flag entered American consciousness • in the 1880's her story began to appear in textbooks • by the mid 1890s it was often illustrated by an engraving of The Birth of Our Nation’s Flag, an 1893 painting by Charles H. Weisgerber (1856-1932)

 

• oral tradition has it that in 1892 Weisgerber, a 36 yr. old aspiring artist, was bent on winning a forthcoming art competition • walking along Arch St., he noticed a plaque at No. 239 which identified the bldg. as the site where Betsy Ross sewed the 1st American flag

 

• inspired, Weisgerber envisioned a scene of Betsy & the 1st flag set in her shop • to fill in details of the story, characters & setting, he drew on period portraits, the testimony of living descendants & the 22 yr. old Canby paper

 

• with no authentic image of Betsy in existence (according to her relatives), Weisgerber painted a composite taken from images of 4 of her daughters & a granddaughter who was said to closely resemble her • the resulting portrait was critiqued by relatives who had known her & modified accordingly • Weisgerber then created a massive 9' x 12' painting • portrayed the young Widow Ross, saintly matriarch of a new nation, as she presents the 1st American flag to 3 revered American patriarchs

 

• "the image was [said] …by Mrs. Ross' grandson, George Canby, to be the only correct likeness of [her]" — he was 7 yrs. old when Betsy Ross died —The Times (Philadelphia) 15 Jun 1893

 

• the flag depicted in the painting — with no evidence to support the authenticity of its design — has since been known as the "Betsy Ross flag," the standard for celebrating the U.S.A.'s birthday each 4th of July

 

The Apotheosis

 

• Weisgerber's painting won the $1,000 prize & in 1893 was showcased in the Pennsylvania Building at Chicago’s Columbian Exposition • seen by millions of visitors • contributed to the nascent reverence for Betsy Ross & the flag as sacred symbols of the emerging, quasi-religious American civil religion • politicians, patriotic societies & public sentiment propelled the flag's transformation into an object of veneration, its role expanding well beyond the customary military & govt. functions

 

On Flag Day, 1894, the Colonial Dames gathered 500 schoolchildren to honor “the adoption by Congress . . . of the flag made by Betsy Ross from the design submitted to her by Gen. Washington” • by 1895, 10 states had laws requiring public schools to display the flag on all school days — Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, loc. cit.

 

• in 1897 the City of New York bought thousands of lithographs of Weisgerber’s painting for its public schools: “It is thought that the representation which is declared historically correct, together with such lectures as the teachers may deliver, will add much to the pupil’s knowledge and keep alive a proper reverence for the country’s emblem.” —New York Times, 14 Feb, 1897

 

• in 1885, NYC school principal George T. Balch (1821-1908), a vet. of the Indian & Civil Wars, wrote Salute to the Flag, the U.S.A.'s first pledge of allegiance

 

"I give my hand and my heart to my country — one nation, one language, one flag."

 

• the heightened patriotism of the era inspired a movement to organize schoolyard flag raising ceremonies • the American Flag Assn. was founded in 1897 for the "fostering of public sentiment in favor of honoring the flag in our country and preserving it from desecration" • Natl. Flag Day was proclaimed in 1917

 

• Christian Socialist Francis Bellamy (1855-1931), who worked in the premium dept. of The Youth's Companion magazine, wrote a new U.S. Pledge of Allegiance (1892) for his employer • created as part of the magazine's campaign to sell American flags to public schools • goal was a flag in every classroom • 25,000 schools acquired flags the 1st yr. • though priced "at cost," banner sales proved profitable

 

• Bellamy also choreographed a salute — the "Bellamy Salute" — to accompany the pledge • because of its similarity to the Nazi heil it was replaced by a right-hand-over-heart gesture during World War II • another Youth's Companion employee, James Upham, headed a flag-centric project designed to engage public schools in the commemoration of the U.S.A.'s 1st Columbus Day (Oct. 1892)

 

The Verdict

 

• for nearly a century-and-a-half, historians have debated the available evidence in an attempt to prove that Betsy Ross either did or did not produce the 1st American flag: "There’s no good historical evidence that she did. But that doesn’t mean she didn’t. There’s simply a lack of documentation. Most historians believe the story is apocryphal." —Marc Leepson, author of Flag: An American Biography, The Truth About Betsy Ross

 

• the identity of the woman who sewed America's 1st flag may never be certain, but there is good reason to believe that its designer may have been Francis Hopkinson (1737-1791) • the NJ representative to the Continental Congress & signer of the Declaration of Independence is the only person entered into the Congressional record for designing the 1st American flag

 

• it has been speculated that on 14 June, 1777, it was Hopkinson who replaced the British crosses in the Continental Colors with white stars on a blue field • no original sketch of a Hopkinson flag exists, but surviving rough sketches including his design for the Great Seal of the U.S. incorporate elements of 2 of his flag designs —Wikipedia

 

On 25 May, 1780, Hopkinson wrote to the Continental Board, requesting "a Quarter Cask of the public Wine" as payment for several itemized "patriotic designs" he had completed, most notably, "the flag of the United States of America" • submitted another bill on 24 June for "drawings and devices," including "the Naval Flag of the United States"

 

• the Treasury Board rejected his request for payment because he "was not the only person consulted on those exhibitions of Fancy" & furthermore was not entitled to compensation as he was already on the government payroll —Did Francis Hopkinson Design Two Flags?, Earl P. Williams, Jr.

 

• Hopkinson is also considered America's 1st poet-composer • written at age 21, his song My Days have been so Wondrous Free (1759) is regarded as the earliest surviving American secular composition [listen] —UPen•edu

 

Saving Betsy's House

 

• by 1859, 239 Arch St. was occupied by the family of German immigrant (Carl) Philip Mund (1822-1883), who operated a tailor's shop on the 1st floor • the landlord, after collecting rent for the first year, never returned • over the succeeding rent-free decades, the Munds operated a variety of businesses in their retail space

 

• after Canby's 1870 speech identified the location of Betsy Ross's house as Arch between 2nd & 3rd, the Munds — occupants of the block's last standing colonial house — posted a sign: "First Flag of the US Made in this House" • in 1876, as visitors poured into the city for the Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition, the Munds ran an ad for their latest 1st floor business: "Original Flag House, Lager, Wine and Liquors. This is the house where the first United States flag was made by Mrs. John Ross." —Historic Philadelphia

 

• after Philip Mund died his wife Amelia, who objected to running a saloon, converted the space into a cigar store & candy shop which operated until 1892 — her son Charles then devoted the space to a museum/souvenir shop [photo] —The Betsy Ross House Facts, Myths, and Pictures by G.A. Anderson

 

• c. 1897 citizens led by Charles Weisgerber organized the American Flag Soc. & Betsy Ross Memorial Assn. • goal was to rescue the house from imminent demolition • intended to purchase it from Charles Mund, restore it to its 18th-c. appearance, preserve the memory of Betsy Ross & honor the American flag

 

• to raise the funds for purchasing the Betsy Ross "American Flag House," the Association devised a rudimentary multi-level marketing strategy • sold lifetime memberships for 10 cents • each member was encouraged to recruit others & form a group of 30; each group founder received a chromolithographograph of Weisgerber's painting • over 2 million monochrome certificates were sold at ten cents each • the colorful chromoliths were available at addl. cost (frame not included) —Enjoying Philadelphia

 

• the Association leased the house in 1898, purchased it in 1903 • Weisgerber & his family moved in • lived upstairs, kept the museum & a souvenir shop on the 1st floor • in 1902 they named their newborn son Charles Vexil Domus, Latin for "flag house" [photo] • he would later replace his parents as custodian of the house —G.A. Anderson, loc. cit.

 

• by 1936 the house was on the verge of ruin • in 1937 Philadelphia Mayor Davis Wilson proposed a restoration by WPA workers • this provoked "a storm of protest" from critics

 

• Pennsylvania Historical Soc. members wrote off the Betsy Ross story as "hokum" and "the bunk" • the protests from scholars & historians sparked an unwinnable faith vs. reason culture war with patriotic organizations such as the Daughters of the American Revolution & the Patriotic Order Sons of America

 

• amid the controversy, Philadelphia radio manufacturer & philanthropist A. Atwater Kent (1873-1949) offered to pay up to $25K for the restoration • Historical architect, Richardson Brognard Okie (1875-1945) won the commission

 

• the design for the restoration was derived from evidence & conjecture • goal was to return the bldg. to its c. 1777 appearance • surviving architectural elements were preserved when possible • materials salvaged from demolished colonial era homes were also used • in 1941, the Association gave the property to the city • the house now stands as one of Philadelphia's most popular tourist attractions

 

Postscript

 

• in 1929 Hugg's tavern, where Betsy Griscom defied family & church to marry John Ross, was demolished to make way for the Proprietor's Park swimming pool, which no longer exists • the Revolutionary War-era Hugg-Harrison-Glover House (1764), built on property owned by the Hugg family as early as 1683, was razed in the face of fervent opposition, March, 2017 —Facebook

 

• 178 yrs. after Betsy's wedding & just 5 blocks from where Hugg's once stood, another American legend was born at the Twin Bar [photo] when Bill Haley (and the Saddlemen) performed there in the early 1950s [poster] • in 1952 Haley's band laid down a cover of Rock the Joint [listen], an historic 1949 recording by Jimmy Preston & His Prestonians [listen] • each of these recordings has been cited as a candidate for the title of first rock 'n' roll song • Gloucester City thus became one of several U.S. sites that claims the title "Cradle of Rock 'n Roll"

 

Charles H. Weisgerber died in 1932 • his magnum opus, The Birth of the American Flag lay rolled up & hidden away in a barn loft & later in the back of a South Jersey dye-making workshop • his grandson Stuart (son of Vexil Domus) found it — still rolled up — in his mother's basement • its poor condition precluded exhibition: in the 50s, hanging in the old State Museum at Harrisburg, it had been vandalized, then incurred additional damage from repeated unrolling

 

• Weisgerber sought a Philadelphia home for the massive work but was unsuccessful • after a $40K restoration in 2002 the painting, it's appraised market value just $50K, returned to the State Museum at Harrisburg

 

• in 1976 the remains of Betsy Ross & 3rd husband John Claypoole were moved from Mount Moriah cemetery, Yeadon, PA, to the garden on the west side of the Betsy Ross House courtyard

This is another capture from Katmai. The tide was out and this lone grizzly was taking time out from clamming.

 

other title: American Family. Robert St. Croix, 1999, Staten Island Industrial Park, Bloomfield, Staten Island, New York City, New York, USA, sculpture

Winter Term 2016

World War I-era poster announces that May 12- May 18 is War Saving Stamps "Pledge Week," ca. 1918.

 

Accession Number: P.2284.268

 

Click here to view the record of this poster on ImPAC, the Library Company's digital collections catalog.

Glenna Goodacre, 1991, near Raymond James, Carillon, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA, sculpture

Back when I was just a little squirt in a Catholic Grammar School in Buffalo, NY every day started with a Prayer and hands held over the heart as we recited the Pledge of Allegiance.

Well they did away with God and the Prayers in the Public schools but the Pledge continues in most schools, I believe.

  

The Photoshop Tutorial for the Text Trickery can be found Here:

www.flickr.com/photos/florida_photo_guy/52253798653

Climate Pledge Arena :: Seattle

Visit this location at Zeta Phi Zeta & Zeta Phi Theta Community Lane in Second Life

People passing the Singaporean National Pledge at marina Bay, Singapore.

SRV is one of the largest construction companies in Finland. One has to wonder whether the Forrest Gump quote is their new pledge of construction quality.

It's a Joe tradition that every Greenshirt class tries to pull a prank during their training cycle.

Beside this million of love notes, I saw a sign that reads (I copied word for word):

 

From old times, there was a story that if lovers make a wish at a shrine on Nam-San (Mt. South), it comes true. Since that, this pace became a symbol of the place of promising an everlasting love for couples with hanging a lock together. , already famous by media, is not just expressing couples' love by hanging locks, but meaning endless love with experiencing unforgettable moment in the place you can see a view of Seoul.

 

Now N Seoul Tower is the icon of love and friendship with family and friends as well as love stories of . We will remember your precious moment @ N Seoul Tower

 

SOOC except resizing (no crop) and minor contrast/saturation adjustment.

This Daily Mail, Teddy Tail membership card and enamel badge dates to March 9th, 1933 (the 'Coronation bar was added in 1937). The joining envelope package was sent to Miss Margaret Monnery who also received (not shown here but part of this set), a Teddy Tail welcoming letter and a Teddy Tail League suggestion sheet for hobbies - details on setting up an aquarium, origins of place names and wild flower collecting and drying.

 

The inside of this membership card sets out 7 specific rules:

1. Members of this League must be interested in either a hobby or pet.

2. Members must wear their badges whenever possible.

3. Badges must not be loaned or transferred to any other person or non-member.

4. The Secret Sign must be exchanged whenever members meet - this sign being made by joining the left forefinger and thumb into a circle while holding up the left hand to the level of the head, as Teddy Tail illustrates it.

5. Teddy Tail's own Mark must be used whenever members write to each other. This is the sign TT in which you will find the three initial letters of the Teddy Tail League.

6. Members must be careful not to miss any League news, or the adventures of Teddy Tail which appear daily in the Boys' and Girls' Section of the "Daily Mail".

7. Members must pledge themselves not to disclose any of the League rules to those who are not members.

 

The welcoming letter reads:

 

9th March, 1933

My dear Margaret,

Welcome to my League! Enclosed you will find your badge and membership card, which I am sure you will treasure. Be sure to sign your name on the card.

Don't forget that you can write to me if there is anything you wish to know about your pets or hobbies. I shall be delighted to help you.

Watch the Boys' and Girls' Section carefully for League news, for I am planning all kinds of jolly surprises for you.

With all good wishes,

Yours ever,

Teddy Tail

 

Teddy Tail has a long history and first appeared as a cartoon strip in the Daily Mail newspaper in 1915. The adventurous mouse, characterised by his knotted tail, made his home in the newspaper, with a few pauses, until 1974. Initially, Charles Folkard illustrated and wrote the adventures; other illustrators included Herbert Sydney Foxwell, Arthur Potts and Bill Glen.

 

The popularity of Teddy Tail with its young audience quickly gained momentum and a plethora of merchandising, including for example, toys, jigsaws and games appeared on the market. Underpinning the 'spin-offs' was the above mentioned Teddy Tail League Club that debuted in 1933 and reached a membership peak of 760,000 by the mid 1930s.

 

The Teddy Tail League reveals an insightful and innocent chapter in British social history and is far removed from the mass communication and technological networks that children operate in today such as social networking, blogs and virtual game-worlds.

 

Photography, layout and design: Argy58

 

(This image also exists as a high resolution jpeg and tiff - ideal for a

variety of print sizes e.g. A4, A3, A2 and A1. The current uploaded

format is for screen based viewing only: 72pi)

   

Hand project.

Mary and Ben's Skyrim/Game of Thrones themed wedding.

The Guardians of Our Nation

 

MWM Color-Litho Bursheen

PB-2

CAPA-014581

that hat looks like jiffy pop.

.

 

Pledge of love. Pisa.

Twitter | Instagram

 

Seems like the 'under god' set is getting a little ornery in its old age.

 

Fairfield, CT

 

Olympus XA

Fuji Superia Xtra 400

Nearly 40 States, international and non-governmental organisations attended the Fifth Pledging Conference expressing pledges to the Sponsorship Programme, Implementation Support Unit and Mine Action more generally.

 

More information here, www.apminebanconvention.org/pledging-conferences/fifth-pl...

 

All photos can be used to illustrate the work of the Convention. Please courtesy the Convention's ISU.

Just in time for Carl Sagan Day! Blogged over here:

aliciapolicia.blogspot.com/2010/11/hooray-space-happy-car...

Nps.gov/kids/become-a-junior-ranger.htm: Junior Ranger programs connect kids and their families to the people, places, and stories of the National Park Service.

Get creative by writing a poem to a fossil, connecting the dots of a whale skeleton, learning Native names for plants, or imagining a thrilling voyage at sea! When you visit your next National Park Service site, dive into a Junior Ranger program filled with fun activities that help you discover what makes each park unique. Everyone is welcome, regardless of ability.

As a special thank you for your participation, the National Park Service will award you a Junior Ranger badge or a similar keepsake. Plus, you'll take the Junior Ranger pledge, promising to stay safe, be a great role model, and continue your learning journey!

 

4347a

I usually just wipe stuff down with a paper towel, but this, I know, works better. $3 and something at Wal-Mart.

Coney Island Polar Bear Club New Year's Day Polar Plunge Atlantic Ocean Beach Winter Swimming Brooklyn NYC USA December 31st 2021 - January 1st 2022

 

***

 

POLAR BEAR PLUNGE

Not only is this New York's grandest and most unique New Year's tradition, it raises funds for some of the most amazing non-profit and community organizations in Coney Island which are dedicated to developing a resurgent and sustainable neighborhood! Every New Year's Day, over 15,000 brave souls from all over the world join us in this long-lived tradition!

 

***

 

#ConeyIsland #PolarPlunge #WinterSwimming #Brooklyn #NYC

 

***

 

Apple iPhone 13 Pro Max smartphone photo and 4K at 60 fps low light night video

 

***

 

Coney Island winter Polar Plunge swim dedicated to Mother Theresa Irene Wolowski who celebrated 88th birthday on December 17th 2021

 

***

 

The Coney Island Polar Bear Club is the oldest winter bathing organization in the United States, whose members regularly take polar bear plunges in the winters. The club was founded by famed health advocate Bernarr McFadden in 1903.

 

The club began using the event to raise funds for Special Olympics starting in 2005, and Camp Sunshine in 2007. In 2018, the club decided to support local groups and charities and began partnering with the Alliance for Coney Island to raise funds for local nonprofit organizations.

 

Members swim in the Atlantic Ocean at Coney Island, New York, United States every Sunday from November through April. Every New Year's Day, the Club is joined by participants from around the country, who partake in an annual swim. The 2005 event had 300 participants and 6000 onlookers. The Chief Polar Bear blows a conch shell to gather the swimmers before they run into the water.

 

The club was mentioned in popular culture. It is mentioned on the season three episode of Seinfeld, The Pez Dispenser In the episode Kramer informs Jerry that he has joined the club, claiming it to be 'invigorating'. It was also publicized on The Daily Show with Jon Stewart, in a taped segment by Dan Bakkedahl about the effects of global warming on the club in faux-nature documentary style.

 

***

 

119th Annual Coney Island Polar Bear Club New Year's Day Plunge!

 

Taking place on January 1, 2022, unlike past years the plunge will be an open swim, the beach will open starting at 11am and allow you to swim at any point until 2pm on the world famous Coney Island Beach. All funds raised help support our local non-profits and community by supporting a variety of initiatives including free public programming, environmental and educational programming, quality of life issues and more. With your help, we can help ensure that Coney Island continues to thrive!

 

No fee to participate but we encourage donations & fundraising for your plunge!

Registration begins at 10AM, we recommend that all plungers arrive no later than 12PM

Registration tables are located at Stillwell Avenue & the Boardwalk

All participants must sign a waiver on-site the day of the Plunge

Plungers under 18 years of age must have their parent or guardian present to sign the waiver the day of the Plunge.

Plunge as an individual, create a team, join a team or you can even help virtually!

 

Info about the Plunge:

There is no fee for plunging but donations are encouraged and you must register in order to participate. There is no donation minimum required to register online, You can register and pledge here, or on-site the morning of the plunge after 10:00am. All participants should arrive by 12PM to go through registration. If you are plunging as a group/team, all members must arrive together in order to ensure you all have the same plunge time. ALL participants whether pre-registered or registering the day of must go to the registration area to claim their wristbands with designated times to participate.

 

Bring warm clothes, surf boots or old sneakers, towels and definitely bring your camera! The NYC Parks Department provides changing facilities on the Boardwalk at Stillwell Avenue.

 

Plunge for a Cause!

Coney Island is a neighborhood of 50,000 residents with a poverty rate close to 30% and is situated right on the Atlantic Ocean. The Coney Island Polar Bear Club New Year’s Day Plunge helps raise funds to support the local organizations including the New York Aquarium, Alliance for Coney Island, Coney Island USA, Coney Island History Project and other local arts and history organizations helping to make a difference in the Coney Island community.

 

Nine years after the devastation of Superstorm Sandy and throughout the 2019 Pandemic, the Coney Island neighborhood continues to recover. The Alliance for Coney Island is focused on ensuring residents have an improved quality of life through their supplemental services and workforce development programs.

 

With your help, the funds raised will support workforce development programs for local residents to connect them to job opportunities and neighborhood services, as well as help increase their advocacy for clean water and educate the public about waste.

 

We need your help to do this work! Please register today or create a team and spread the word about this fun and charitable event!

 

DIRECTIONS: We strongly encourage that plungers take mass transit:

 

Via Subway

N, F, or Q to Stillwell Ave. Station. Please note the D train is not running to Coney Island this winter.

 

Via Brooklyn Buses

B36 | Coney Island/ Avenue U

B64 | Coney Island / Bay Ridge

B68 | Brighton Beach/ Windsor Terrace

B74 | Sea Gate/ Coney Island

B82 | Coney Island / Spring Creek

 

Via Manhattan Express Buses

X28 | Bensonhurst / Midtown

 

If driving, please use google maps for directions. There is very limited on street parking on West 15th Street & West 10th Street. Parking is also available at Maimonides Park, 1904 Surf Avenue.

 

***

 

The Coney Island Polar Bear Club is the oldest winter bathing organization in the United States. We swim in the Atlantic Ocean at Coney Island every Sunday from November through April. Since 1903, we have been hosting a public New Year’s Day Plunge for all brave souls to welcome the New Year.

 

***

 

Alliance for Coney Island

1904 Surf Avenue,

Brooklyn, NY 11224

 

@ConeyIslandFun

 

***

 

Atlantic Ocean

 

The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's oceans, with an area of about 41,100,000 sq miles It covers approximately 20 percent of Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area

 

***

Coney Island

 

Coney Island is a peninsular neighborhood and entertainment area in the southwestern section of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. The neighborhood is bounded by Brighton Beach to its east, Lower New York Bay to the south and west, and Gravesend to the north, and includes the subsections of Sea Gate to its west and Brighton Beach to its east. Coney Island was formerly the westernmost of the Outer Barrier islands on the southern shore of Long Island, but in the early 20th century it became a peninsula, connected to the rest of Long Island

 

****

Coney Island is no longer an island

 

The Coney Island creek, which gets cut off at Shell Road used to be a river which flowed into Sheepshead Bay, but through the process of landfill Coney Island was connected to the rest of Brooklyn which is located on the land mass known as Long Island NY

  

***

 

Brooklyn

 

Brooklyn is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Kings County, in the U.S. state of New York. It is the most populous county in the state, the second-most densely populated county in the United States, and New York City's most populous borough, with an estimated 2,648,403 residents in 2020. If each borough were ranked as a city, Brooklyn would rank 3rd most populous

 

***

New York City

 

New York City comprises 5 boroughs Manhattan - The Bronx - Queens BKNY SINY

 

***

 

The first Times Square New Year’s Eve celebration was held in 1904

 

The first New Year’s Eve Ball lowering celebration atop One Times Square was in 1907

 

***

 

Dyker Heights Christmas Lights Brooklyn NY cited to be started by Lucy Spata when she moved to the neighborhood in the 1980s

 

***

 

Shore Thing Movie 2008

 

A series of shark attacks in New York waters not otherwise known for activity are occurring (netted beach, freshwater lake, a muddy creek). Film by Lovari filmed scenes on the Coney Island Boardwalk

 

***

Nathan's Hot Dogs

 

Nathan's began in 1916 as a nickel hot dog stand in Coney Island founded by Polish Jewish immigrant Nathan Handwerker (June 14, 1892 – March 24, 1974)

 

The original Nathan's restaurant stands at the corner of Surf and Stillwell Avenues in the Coney Island neighborhood of the Brooklyn borough of New York City, New York

 

Nathan's is listed on the Nasdaq as $NATH

 

***

Mermaid Parade

 

The MERMAID PARADE specifically was founded in 1983 with 3 goals: it brings mythology to life for local residents who live on streets named Mermaid and Neptune ; it creates self-esteem in a district that is often disregarded as “entertainment”; and it lets artistic New Yorkers find self-expression in public

 

Unlike most parades, this one has no ethnic, religious, or commercial aims. It’s a major New York holiday invented by artists! An American version of the summer-solstice celebration

 

Mermaid Parade

 

***

Luna Park

 

Luna Park is the name of an amusement park in Coney Island, Brooklyn, New York City. It opened on May 29, 2010, at the site of Astroland, an amusement park that had been in operation from 1962 to 2008, and Dreamland, which operated at the same site for the 2009 season. It was named after the original 1903 Luna Park which operated until 1944 on a site just north of the current park's 1000 Surf Avenue location

 

Luna Park at Coney Island

1000 Surf Avenue

Brooklyn New York 11224

 

***

Cyclone Roller Coaster

 

Cyclone wooden roller coaster opened on June 26, 1927 with .25 cent rides

 

The Cyclone was declared a New York City landmark on July 12, 1988, and was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 26, 1991

 

***

 

Deno’s Wonder Wheel is a world famous NYC Landmark attraction. Built in 1920, and in continuous operation with a perfect safety record. Over 40 million people have enjoyed this iconic ride. Marvel at the incredible views from 150 feet high atop the Coney Island beach all the way to the Manhattan skyline. Perfect for all generations and one of the most romantic rides in the world

 

***

 

Parachute Jump 1939 Coney Island Brooklyn NY Steeplechase Park Plaza Riegelmann Boardwalk

  

***

Hashtag

 

#Winter #WinterSwim #swimming #swim #swimmer #ColdWeather #freeze #freezing #FreezingCold #ColdWater #Water #AtlanticOcean #WinterBeach #Beah #ConeyIslandFun #ConeyIslandNY #ConeyIslandNYC #ConeyIslandNewYork #ConeyIslandNewYorkCity #ConeyIslandBrooklyn #CINY #CINYC #BrooklynNY #BrooklynNYC #BKNY #BrooklynNewYork #NewYork #NewYorkCity #NY #NYCParks #PublicBeach #🏊 #🌊 #NewYorkState #USA #DSubway #🚇#ChristmasInNewYork #ChristmasInNY #ChristmasInNY #MerryChristmas #Christmas #DykerHeightsChristmasLights #NewYearsEve #HappyNewYear #NewYearsResolution #TimesSquareNYC #NewYearsRockinEve #RockinEve #ILoveNY #ILoveBKNY #NathansHotDogs #Nathans #HotDogs #LunaPark #CycloneRollerCoaster #MermaidParade #RiegelmannBoardwalk

   

Camas nan Geall (Bay of the Pledges) / Ardnamurchan peninsula / Loch Sunart / Highlands / Scotland / UK

Pledge your support to the most unique radio station I know (and am proud to be a part of)! www.wfmu.org/marathon/pledge.php

M1 Brockhall 10/05/2021

Dozens of Greater Manchester’s faith and community leaders stood together against hatred as they signed a new statement pledging their commitment to encouraging strong, diverse communities.

 

Leaders, including GMP Chief Constable Ian Hopkins, Councillor Carl Austin-Behan, Lord Mayor of Manchester, Rt Revd David Walker, Bishop of Manchester, Mrs Sharon Bannister, President, Jewish Representative Council of Greater Manchester and Region, Mr Qadir Chohan, Chair, Manchester Council of Mosques and many others came together at Manchester Cathedral to sign the statement, created as a result of a rise in hate crimes following the EU referendum result.

 

Greater Manchester saw a 23 per cent increase in hate crime in the week after the country chose to leave the European Union at the end of June.

 

Chief Constable Ian Hopkins said: “I believe in a democratic society people should be safe, both from physical harm, but also from hatred. Sadly we are seeing a significant number of people across Greater Manchester being subjected to hate incidents and hate crimes. This is totally unacceptable. Today is an important step in uniting our communities and am pleased to see so many other influential people standing with us to end hate crime and discrimination.

 

“This statement very clearly reinforces our commitment to encouraging inclusive communities, whilst recognising the difference people bring to Greater Manchester that help make it such a wonderful place. It is also, however, a very strong message to those who go against this – there is absolutely no place for hatred or discrimination in Greater Manchester. We will do all we can to take action against anyone who commits hate crimes.”

 

Faith Leaders’ Secretary, Canon Steve Williams, said: “The speed with which Faith Leaders acted shows how serious we consider the situation to be. But it also shows that people in our communities want to make a positive difference – to support people who’ve suffered in this way, and to promote good-news stories of acts of kindness and inclusion that build bridges, not barriers.”

 

The statement is part of GMP’s We Stand Together’ campaign which encourages people to come together as one and celebrate their differences in order to build safer and stronger communities.

 

It was signed at an event hosted by the Diocese of Manchester on Tuesday, 12 July, which saw speeches from Chief Constable Ian Hopkins, the Dean, Bishop David Walker, The Lord Mayor and the Police and Crime Commissioner.

 

Anyone who experiences hate crime is encouraged to report it by calling the police on 101, Crimestoppers anonymously on 0800 555 111 or using the True Vision website (www.report-it.org.uk).

 

To find out more about Greater Manchester Police please visit www.gmp.police.uk

 

You should call 101, national non-emergency number, to report crime and other concerns that do not require an emergency response.

 

Always call 999 in an emergency, such as when a crime is in progress, violence is being used or threatened or where there is danger to life.

 

You can also call anonymously with information about crime to Crimestoppers on 0800 555 111.

 

Crimestoppers is an independent charity who will not want your name, just your information. Your call will not be traced or recorded and you do not have to go to court or give a statement.

Pledge Drive from Chicago playing the Dwell DC space in Washington, DC.

Just in time for Carl Sagan Day! Blogged over here:

aliciapolicia.blogspot.com/2010/11/hooray-space-happy-car...

Photo by Nurdan

Left to right: Karol Martinez and Olivia Fayth Noyola, Olmnito Elementary; Victoria Garcia and Joshua Vela, Rancho Verde Elementary.

26 December 2012. Below is a Freedom of Information (F.o.I.) Act request I made through the website: What DoTheyKnow.

 

__________________________

 

On 12 March 2012 Haringey Council, in its own words, "unveiled a ‘12 in 12’ action plan to bring a raft of improvements to Tottenham over the coming year. At least 12 key pledges will be delivered during 2012 as the council strives to secure a successful long-term future for the area."

 

"The second of the twelve key pledges was to:

“Host pop-up activities at empty sites on the High Road”.

 

The same pledge featured in a series of twelve posters. With a photo of taken near Tottenham police station, the wording on the relevant poster was: “In 2012 we will deliver pop-up activities in the High Road.”

 

My understanding of the term "pop-up" in the context of a shopping street is that it describes the temporary use of empty retail space for trading. Sometimes this may be a short term expedient to fill e.g. a vacant store. And sometimes it may be a means of generating consumer interest in a new or niche product.

 

So I made a Freedom of Information Request to Haringey Council.

 

Can you please set out the "pop-up activities" Haringey Council has hosted or delivered up to 31 December 2012? When and on which sites in High Road Tottenham?"

 

Please scroll down this page or click here for their answer.

__________________________

 

Useful Links

 

§ Aerial view of where I took this photo.

 

§ Website of Pop-Up-Farm.

§ Tricks and treats. Shopping streets are finding new ways to stay afloat in stingy times. The Economist 3 November 2012.

§ Pop-up’ shops set to revitalise high streets. Article by James Hurley, Daily Telegraph 20 Jul 2012.

§ Up, up and away: How an alternative trend went mainstream. The Economist 4 November 2010.

§ The Economist 23 July 2009. The spread of pop-up retailing. Gone tomorrow. A surprising shopping experience is becoming mainstream.

§ Article by Katharine Rushton about online discount website Achica. Daily Telegraph 30 July 2011

§ From Pop-up Business for Dummies by Dan Thompson: Just what is a pop-up business?

§ London's Southbank Centre: This is Not a Pop-Up at the Hayward Gallery shop.

§ The Time Out London blog. Get lost in the smoke at a pop-up Clapton market.

§ The Time Out London Blog. Fashion Hub: shopping mall plans for Hackney Central.

Home of the Seattle Kraken

National Hockey League, NHL

 

"Climate Pledge Arena is a multi-purpose indoor arena in Seattle, Washington, United States. It is located north of Downtown Seattle in the 74-acre (30 ha) entertainment complex known as Seattle Center, the site of the 1962 World's Fair, for which it was originally developed. After opening in 1962, it was subsequently bought and converted by the city of Seattle for entertainment purposes. From 2018 to 2021, the arena underwent a $1.15 billion redevelopment; the renovation preserved the original exterior and roof, which was declared a Seattle Landmark in 2017 and was listed on the Washington Heritage Register as well as the National Register of Historic Places in 2018. The renovated venue has a capacity of 17,151 for ice hockey and 18,300 for basketball.

The arena is currently the home to the Seattle Kraken of the National Hockey League (NHL), the Seattle Storm of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA), the Seattle University Redhawks men's basketball team, and the Rat City Roller Derby league of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association." - Wikipedia