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Amsterdam - Valeriusplein.
Op de hoek van De Lairessestraat en het Valeriusplein, werd in 1917 het Physiologisch Laboratorium geopend. Na de Valeriuskliniek, die in 1910 was geopend, was dit de tweede poot van de Medische Faculteit in oprichting. Het gebouw werd in Amsterdamse Schoolstijl ontworpen door de architecten Th. Groenendijk en Th. J. Lammers (amsterdamse-school.nl).
DDD / TDD.
Limodorum abortivum (Orchidaceae) 116 25
Limodorum abortivum was first described by Swartz from Fontainebleu (France) in 1753 and its name refers to the the small size of the leaves and the manner in which they sheath the stem. Abortivum literally means aborted leaves.
This is a curious orchid that still requires study in order to determine its precise biology. Although widely regarded as a wholly saprophytic plant, there are indications that it may (at least in part) be parasitic. Two factors in particular serve to confuse the issue and these are firstly the fact that the stem has been shown to contain measurable levels of chlorophyll and secondly that the plant depends throughout its existence on mycorrhizal fungus. Limodorum abortivum needs little description as it is highly distinctive and impossible to confuse with any other type of orchid.
This is a widespread species with a distribution from Belgium in the north, North Africa in the south and at least as far as Russia in the east. It does not occur in Britain and reaches the height of it's abundance in the southern Mediterranean where it is predominantly found on calcareous soils and usually associated with pine forest. This close proximity to living pine trees is another link with possible parasitism but as already mentioned, the physiology is not yet fully understood.
Source: John and Gerry's Orchids of Britain and Europe
Oh hai der guys! It has been 3 weeks ago since my last upload, but I finally made something.
As you can see above, it is an Tyrannosaurus-Rex. I never really told anyone but I am and always was fasinated with dinosaurs. I have tons of movies, books and toys. But I never really made a good dinosaur in lego before until now. And I don't think I'm finished, I'll try to make some more in the future,
Though I can't take 100% credit, since aurore&aube was a huge inspiration.
Also, please tell me if you are a dinosaur fan yourself!!
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Tyrannosaurus meaning "tyrant lizard", from Greek tyrannos meaning "tyrant," and sauros meaning "lizard") is a genus of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur. The species Tyrannosaurus rex (rex meaning "king" in Latin), commonly abbreviated to T. rex, is a fixture in popular culture. It lived throughout what is now western North America, at the time an island continent termed Laramidia, wit
a much wider range than other tyrannosaurids. Fossils are found in a variety of rock formations dating to the Maastrichtian age of the upper Cretaceous Period, 67 to 65.5 million years ago. It was among the last non-avian dinosaurs to exist before the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event.
Like other tyrannosaurids, Tyrannosaurus was a bipedal carnivore with a massive skull balanced by a long, heavy tail. Relative to the large and powerful hindlimbs, Tyrannosaurus forelimbs were small, though unusually powerful for their size, and bore two clawed digits. Although other theropods rivaled or exceeded Tyrannosaurus rex in size, it was the largest known tyrannosaurid and one of the largest known land predators, measuring up to 12.8 m (42 ft) in length, up to 4 metres (13 ft) tall at the hips, and up to 6.8 metric tons (7.5 short tons) in weight. By far the largest carnivore in its environment, Tyrannosaurus rex may have been an apex predator, preying upon hadrosaurs and ceratopsians, although some experts have suggested it was primarily a scavenger. The debate over Tyrannosaurus as apex predator or scavenger is among the longest running in paleontology.
More than 30 specimens of Tyrannosaurus rex have been identified, some of which are nearly complete skeletons. Soft tissue and proteins have been reported in at least one of these specimens. The abundance of fossil material has allowed significant research into many aspects of its biology, including life history and biomechanics. The feeding habits, physiology and potential speed of Tyrannosaurus rex are a few subjects of debate. Its taxonomy is also controversial, with some scientists considering Tarbosaurus bataar from Asia to represent a second species of Tyrannosaurus and others maintaining Tarbosaurus as a separate genus. Several other genera of North American tyrannosaurids have also been synonymized with Tyrannosaurus.
At Transcend Health – an exercise physiologist newcastle, we are about inspiring and helping you to move your body, and experience life unrestrained by pain, injury, disease and illness.
Watching the House Select Committee Hearing on Jan 6th Riots today, there was one statement that resonated, “Telling the Truth In America Is Hard”. This was made by one of the Officers Assaulted during the Riots. You could see the emotional and physiological effects it had on the officers and some Senators. Many in the Whistleblower, Targeted Community, know this all to well. Watching the officers testimonies, and listening to the comments from the Rioters, the mob control mentality, the racial slurs, the threats, acts of harm and destruction, a point where mob control overpowers law enforcement; these are acts that I have been addressing for years. I mentioned years ago, “There will be a time when Law Enforcement won’t be able to control this Mob Mentality”.
If you watched the hearings, you watched the truth in America. You watched the mentality of those involved in Gang Stalking and America’s Mobbing Culture. Yes, I said Gang Stalking. It is Domestic Terrorism, in our homes, neighborhoods, our communities, our workplace. It’s Stalking and Mobbing Across State Lines. You may have heard the officers asking Senators to hold those participating accountable. Not only did they ask for them to be held accountable, but those in Government who helped. Now, why is that so hard to do with the technology we have today?
Let me again share some Truths about America. Parents, Grandparents and others; use children to mob, stalk, harass and bait Targets in America. Such was the case yesterday in a Walmart that Koda and I visited. There was a woman waiting at the pasta sauce; she used her two children and herself to completely block products that I routinely purchase. She seemed proud doing so. Then there was a man who used his two children. He waited by the bottled water, the orange juice cooler, dairy coolers, then Ice Cream freezers, to block, mob and bait Koda and I. Then there were the Walmart employees, some the same that mobbed, blocked and baited Koda and I, the last time two times we visited that store. When I was at the checkout register, I asked to speak to a manager, (not to be a Karn, but to tactfully address this). While waiting; I was mobbed by a group of young employees, none of them a manager. I had to repeatedly ask for an actual adult manager. When a manager did finally show up; I addressed the mobbing, blocking and harassment. I told him; it can be seen on their own cameras, from the time I step out of my car in the lot and throughout the store. This was on the 30th Anniversary, of the passing of the America with Disabilities Act. Here it is; the ADA’s 30th Anniversary and Americans are mobbing, harassing, blocking and baiting a Veteran with Service Connected Disabilities and his Service Dog. This whole time, Koda laid at my feet. This is one of the many things I’ve taught him, when I stop for an extended period, he will lay at my feet. He was a shelter dog that wasn’t even leash trained when I adopted him. A dog that now turns right, left, sets, waits, heels, responds correctly to crosswalk audio, helps pull heavy carts, loves kids and other dogs. This dog saved my life in Arizona, it's not an exaggeration, and men and women in America are teaching children to harass and bait him. That’s the Truth in America!
This not only happened at Walmart on this day, but the laundromat we used and a Subway we stopped at. We receive this type of treatment every day, almost every store and community we visit.
There have been many in the Targeted community; that have address this Mobbing/Stalking to Law Enforcement, FBI, Senators, Congressmen and Attorney Generals. We have heard excuse after excuse, and many times blamed. What we do receive is dismissal and retaliation. This is the Truth in America! As I travel from State to State, trying to receive something that resembles competent VA Medical Care; Koda and I are Mobbed, Harassed and Baited, from hospital to hospital, clinic to clinic. This is from VA staff and many Veterans themselves. This is what happens when you address shortcoming in our VA system. That’s the Truth in America!
I am not against Law Enforcement, but we know and have seen the corruption within these agencies. At my last camp; I was being harassed by a couple and was recording it. The man walked up to me, slapped the back of my hand, knocked the phone out of my hand. Being on Public Lands, I called Forest Service; to be given the run-a-round for two hours. I then called the local Sheriff. A female officer came out. She was very professional, looked at the video I had and asked if I wanted to press charges. I said yes, she seemed eager to help me, but when a Senior Officer showed up, he was full of excuses of why they can’t charge for this or that. I showed officers actual video of me being assaulted, and I get excuses.
I can show you a video of a man using his young daughter to destroy a lean-too and bed I made. A mountain road gave out; picture above. Our right rear axle to the Motorhome dropped off the side of the road, and we were stuck. There was a 300-foot drop, the Motorhome was leaning, so we slept on the side of the road, in front of our Motorhome. I made a lean-too out of tarps and coolers and made a nice bed under it. If you look close, you can see the lean-too in front of the Motorhome. We had no cell signal, there was a guy riding a bike by that did. He called the Sheriff’s for me. Someone from the Sheriff’s office showed up late that night to assess the situation. I received the run around from that Sheriff’s office for a week. I was told; (by great people who stopped and called for me) I refused help when I didn’t. Not only that, but I was told a crew would be up to help me; they didn’t show. I was told Forest Service would stop by; I didn’t see them. Koda and I were up there for a week, to be mobbed, baited and harassed daily. There was one guy that brought his little boy up. He had this toddler on a tiny motorcycle, riding circles behind my car and dolly. There is a 300 foot drop of the side of the road; this guy has his young boy riding circles, trying to get Koda worked up, as he stands smiling, leaning against his truck. This is the Truth in America! I left a note on the Motorhome daily as we walked for miles trying to get a signal. There were great people that would stop by and call the Sheriff’s office daily, asking why no one was helping me. I was able to get a periodic text out to my daughter. I didn’t tell her of the situation, because I didn’t want her to worry. After a week, I typed a long text on my laptop, transferred it to my phone and walked a couple of miles to where I would get a ping. I explained my situation, the lack of help from the Sheriff’s office, and sent it to her. She made some phone calls, had a recovery guy out that evening. He said, he would have me out the next day, showed up the next morning and pulled me out. My daughter told me that when speaking with the Sheriff’s dispatcher; she asked my daughter if I had mental problems. A guy that called for me told me that the female dispatcher he spoke to, said I refused help, another was told they were not aware of it; after days of calls. That’s the truth in America! I can share story after story, show you the evidence, prove everything that I’ve posted; again, no one in Power really cares.
This is what people around the world are seeing as they watch these hearings, these testimonies; no one in power really cares. That’s the Truth in America. As I type this; those in America’s Mobbing Community are buzzing around our camp on motorcycle and ATVs, laughing. You want to know the Truth about America; take a look, read through my photostream. I'm not looking for views or likes, I want to make this a better America for all.
“Why is it so hard to tell the truth in America”
I have Hundreds, maybe Thousands. I call the FBI to inform them of Domestic Terrorism (I have definitive proof), and they hang up on me. I was told to contact Local Law Enforcement; if you’ve read through my post, you know how that goes. They all have excuses; its just a big circle of Plausible Deniability. I want to repeat this before I go into the description: I inform the FBI of Domestic Terrorism and I’m abruptly hung up on me. And, we wonder how Jan 6th could have happened; when the FBI was fully aware of the Threat. Now, do you know what I mean, about Selective Policing in America.
The picture you see, is one of the many people that Stalk, Bait and Harass; my Service Dog and I.
We moved camp today. While I was packing up at the last camp; we received a Convoy of Hate before we pulled out. One man went as far as putting on a Red Jump Suit, stands up on his motorcycle as he passed. This was because Koda was up front, looking out the window, as I loaded the car on it’s dolly.
Now, here at our new camp, many, many miles from our last camp; we are here a few minutes and Karen comes walking from a Fire Lane, to watch. It is the same woman in this picture, but she didn’t have the dog, or backpack. She came up to a fork, that could be seen from our camp. I was setting up the solar panels, Koda was tied to the front side of the Motorhome. She stood at the fork, doing something to cause Koda to growl. When I came around front she stopped. I have it on Video.
Hours later, I was playing fetch with Koda, he was having to much fun: the same woman drags this poor old dog, up the Fire Lane. She does this, so it and she could be seen by Koda. This was just an act to get him excited (he loves to play with other dogs). She literally pulled and yelled at the dog she had; the poor thing could not keep up. Take a good look at it. I have pictures of it all. She was in a hurry to spread her hate. These people could care less about a dog, or their own children it seems. They use children often to harass Targets.
This is a prime Example of people involved in Domestic Terrorism. You Can call it Gang Stalking, Community Stalking, Community Policing; it is Actually Domestic Terrorism. These people spread nothing but Fear, Hate, Intimidation, Mobbing and Terror. They even teach children to do so. Once we were set up; it didn’t take long for the same people that Stormed pass our camp, show up here. One man in a Red Jeep, pulled up on a hill a couple hundred yards behind us and Watched us. . It was just another attempt of Intimidation. It didn’t work….
Direct Energy Weapons are used during this Stalking, Mobbing, Baiting and Hating. Not every time, but they are used. I know its a bold statement, but its the TRUTH. Many Government Employees, along with CIA Agents have reported being Attacked by these Weapons (Havana Syndrome). For years our Government turned its back on them. Now the CIA is supposed to be investigating it. We know how that will go. And, the FBI, apparently doesn’t want to hear about it. BUT, they are doing nothing for the Average American Citizen.
I could care less what others think of my statements. I have TWO thing on my side; TRUTH and HISTORY. History does expose the truth, and one day I’ll be vindicated. If someone you know, is a victim of this type of Domestic Terrorism; please give them the benefit of doubt. Don’t turn your back on them; like our Local/Federal Law Enforcement and Government. “Disgusting”, is and understatement.
I’m not against Law Enforcement, I am against Selective Policing and Cover-up….
As I post this on Flickr, an ATV stops with rows of bright lights, in front of our Motorhome.
You still have trouble believing, read this: www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&s...
The picture posted, was sent to me by one of the many nice people, that did stop to try and help us. This happened north of Durango, Colorado. Many thanks from Koda and I, for all of those that did try to help us, and the couple that brought us Pizza.
Thanks for visiting our photostream. I love this country, but not those trying to destroy it.
iss067e034722 (May 4, 2022) --- NASA astronaut and Expedition 67 Flight Engineer Bob Hines works inside the portable glovebag processing biological samples for the Food Physiology study. The human research experiment aims to define targeted, more efficient dietary interventions to maintain crew health and performance as well as the food system requirements to support these interventions.
Free download under CC Attribution (CC BY 4.0). Please credit the artist and rawpixel.com.
Vintage fish illustrations from Ichtyologie, ou, Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière des poissons (1785–1797) by Marcus Elieser Bloch (1723–1799), the German physician and naturalist. Bloch was the most influential ichthyologist of the 18th century who consistently devoted himself to natural objects, anatomy, and physiology. This collection showcases his devotion to ichthyology, illustrating more than 400 various types of fish. We have digitally enhanced these richly colored public domain illustrations in high-resolution printable quality. Free to download under the CC0 license.
Higher resolutions with no attribution required can be downloaded: https://www.rawpixel.com/board/938140/ichtyologie-ou-histoire-naturelle-generale-et-particuliere-des-poissons?sort=curated&mode=shop&page=1
Engraved plate showing human skeleton, probably from a French edition of Andreas Vesalius De corporis humani fabrica libri septem, pasted into: Anatomy improv'd and illustrated with regard to the uses thereof in designing. (London: John Senex, 1723).
This volume of engraved plates and text was originally published in Rome in 1691, and was re-engraved and republished in London in 1723. The dissections were done for the Italian edition by Bernardino Genga, Professor of Anatomy and Surgery and physician in the hospital of San Spirito in Rome, and the explanatory text by the papal physician Giovanni Maria Lancisi (1654-1720). The book, designed for artists rather than medical students, includes plates of famous classical statues from Rome and is described as 'A work of great use to painters, sculptors, statuaries and all others studious in the noble arts of design'.
The English edition is dedicated by the publisher to Richard Mead, FRCP, FRS (1673-1754), 'a favourer of the politer arts'.
Part of the Anatomical Atlases in Special Collections & Archives, SPEC Anatomy 6. Cropped inscription on the titlepage, 'Tho. Dixon's Book 1799' and the pencilled name' Miss Annie Jackson, 19 North Street' on the front flyleaf, with pencil measurements possibly from a dissected skeleton on the back of the last (index) page.
The volume has had some plates cut out, but has also been grangerised with later anatomical illustrations pasted in.
Medical Education
Image of bones/skeleton
Engraving of rear view of the bones of the torso, spine and pelvis by Andrew Bell, pasted into: Anatomy improv'd and illustrated with regard to the uses thereof in designing. (London: John Senex, 1723).
This volume of engraved plates and text was originally published in Rome in 1691, and was re-engraved and republished in London in 1723. The dissections were done for the Italian edition by Bernardino Genga, Professor of Anatomy and Surgery and physician in the hospital of San Spirito in Rome, and the explanatory text by the papal physician Giovanni Maria Lancisi (1654-1720). The book, designed for artists rather than medical students, includes plates of famous classical statues from Rome and is described as 'A work of great use to painters, sculptors, statuaries and all others studious in the noble arts of design'.
The English edition is dedicated by the publisher to Richard Mead, FRCP, FRS (1673-1754), 'a favourer of the politer arts'.
Part of the Anatomical Atlases in Special Collections & Archives, SPEC Anatomy 6. Cropped inscription on the titlepage, 'Tho. Dixon's Book 1799' and the pencilled name' Miss Annie Jackson, 19 North Street' on the front flyleaf, with pencil measurements possibly from a dissected skeleton on the back of the last (index) page.
The volume has had some plates cut out, but has also been grangerised with later anatomical illustrations pasted in.Medical Education
Image of bones/skeleton
torso
Plate 2 showing engraving of front view of 'the Bones of the Trunk or Human Busto' from: Anatomy improv'd and illustrated with regard to the uses thereof in designing. (London: John Senex, 1723).
This volume of engraved plates and text was originally published in Rome in 1691, and was re-engraved and republished in London in 1723. The dissections were done for the Italian edition by Bernardino Genga, Professor of Anatomy and Surgery and physician in the hospital of San Spirito in Rome, and the explanatory text by the papal physician Giovanni Maria Lancisi (1654-1720). The book, designed for artists rather than medical students, includes plates of famous classical statues from Rome and is described as 'A work of great use to painters, sculptors, statuaries and all others studious in the noble arts of design'.
The English edition is dedicated by the publisher to Richard Mead, FRCP, FRS (1673-1754), 'a favourer of the politer arts'.
Part of the Anatomical Atlases in Special Collections & Archives, SPEC Anatomy 6. Cropped inscription on the titlepage, 'Tho. Dixon's Book 1799' and the pencilled name' Miss Annie Jackson, 19 North Street' on the front flyleaf, with pencil measurements possibly from a dissected skeleton on the back of the last (index) page.
The volume has had some plates cut out, but has also been grangerised with later anatomical illustrations pasted in.
Medical Education
Image of bones/skeleton torso
Plate 2 showing engraving of rear view of 'the Bones of the Trunk or Human Busto' from: Anatomy improv'd and illustrated with regard to the uses thereof in designing. (London: John Senex, 1723).
This volume of engraved plates and text was originally published in Rome in 1691, and was re-engraved and republished in London in 1723. The dissections were done for the Italian edition by Bernardino Genga, Professor of Anatomy and Surgery and physician in the hospital of San Spirito in Rome, and the explanatory text by the papal physician Giovanni Maria Lancisi (1654-1720). The book, designed for artists rather than medical students, includes plates of famous classical statues from Rome and is described as 'A work of great use to painters, sculptors, statuaries and all others studious in the noble arts of design'.
The English edition is dedicated by the publisher to Richard Mead, FRCP, FRS (1673-1754), 'a favourer of the politer arts'.
Part of the Anatomical Atlases in Special Collections & Archives, SPEC Anatomy 6. Cropped inscription on the titlepage, 'Tho. Dixon's Book 1799' and the pencilled name' Miss Annie Jackson, 19 North Street' on the front flyleaf, with pencil measurements possibly from a dissected skeleton on the back of the last (index) page.
The volume has had some plates cut out, but has also been grangerised with later anatomical illustrations pasted in.Medical Education
Image of bones/skeleton
torso
Photos taken from an outing with the Deep Water Sharks and Shark Stress Psysiology research groups. The two reserach groups teamed up to deploy a longline over 600 meters deep of the Exuma Sound. The groups were able to catch a Bigeyed Sixgill Skark (Hexanchus nakamurai). Once caught the Sixgill was tagged and blood samples were taking. The line took over an hour and a half to haul up and the entire process of tagging, taking blood samples, and then releasing the Sixgill took under 10 minutes.
Plate 2 showing engraving of front view of 'the Bones of the Trunk or Human Busto' from: Anatomy improv'd and illustrated with regard to the uses thereof in designing. (London: John Senex, 1723).
This volume of engraved plates and text was originally published in Rome in 1691, and was re-engraved and republished in London in 1723. The dissections were done for the Italian edition by Bernardino Genga, Professor of Anatomy and Surgery and physician in the hospital of San Spirito in Rome, and the explanatory text by the papal physician Giovanni Maria Lancisi (1654-1720). The book, designed for artists rather than medical students, includes plates of famous classical statues from Rome and is described as 'A work of great use to painters, sculptors, statuaries and all others studious in the noble arts of design'.
The English edition is dedicated by the publisher to Richard Mead, FRCP, FRS (1673-1754), 'a favourer of the politer arts'.
Part of the Anatomical Atlases in Special Collections & Archives, SPEC Anatomy 6. Cropped inscription on the titlepage, 'Tho. Dixon's Book 1799' and the pencilled name' Miss Annie Jackson, 19 North Street' on the front flyleaf, with pencil measurements possibly from a dissected skeleton on the back of the last (index) page.
The volume has had some plates cut out, but has also been grangerised with later anatomical illustrations pasted in.Medical Education
Image of bones/skeleton
torso
Plate 2, figure 1 from Jones QUAIN's The viscera of the human body (1840) showing the anatomy of the mouth.
Known as Quain's Plates, this book was the fourth in a series of five volumes of anatomical plates (1836-1842), with references and physiological comments, edited by Jones Quain and William James Erasmus Wilson.
They aimed to provide students with affordable access to high quality illustrations with English commentary. Their comments give detailed descriptions of the parts of the body in the illustration, and explain the process of dissection needed to show them.
The original drawings by W.Bagg were done from nature then lithographed by William Fairland for reproduction.
Part of the Anatomical Atlases in Special Collections & Archives, SPEC Anatomy 12.
One copy of these plates was part of the Medical Library of the Liverpool Infirmary before passing to the Departmental Library in Anatomy.
Images from Special Collections & Archives, the University of Liverpool.
Engraved titlepage vignette by J. Sturt showing skeletons from Anatomy improv'd and illustrated with regard to the uses thereof in designing. (London: John Senex, 1723).
This volume of engraved plates and text was originally published in Rome in 1691, and was re-engraved and republished in London in 1723. The dissections were done for the Italian edition by Bernardino Genga, Professor of Anatomy and Surgery and physician in the hospital of San Spirito in Rome, and the explanatory text by the papal physician Giovanni Maria Lancisi (1654-1720). The book, designed for artists rather than medical students, includes plates of famous classical statues from Rome and is described as 'A work of great use to painters, sculptors, statuaries and all others studious in the noble arts of design'.
The English edition is dedicated by the publisher to Richard Mead, FRCP, FRS (1673-1754), 'a favourer of the politer arts'.
Part of the Anatomical Atlases in Special Collections & Archives, SPEC Anatomy 6. Cropped inscription on the titlepage, 'Tho. Dixon's Book 1799' and the pencilled name' Miss Annie Jackson, 19 North Street' on the front flyleaf, with pencil measurements possibly from a dissected skeleton on the back of the last (index) page.
The volume has had some plates cut out, but has also been grangerised with later anatomical illustrations pasted in.
Images from Medical Archive collections at University of Liverpool
Photos in the field with the Shark Stress Physiology research team. The research team uses a technique involving longlines with eight separate baited gangions. Each gangion is set up with a trigger, that once tripped, will start recording video via GoPro and record time-on-line and tension. Once a specimine is caught, the team spends approximately 10 minutes or less taking blood samples, tagging, and noting visual characteristics of each shark. On this particular outing off the Atlantic side of Cape Eleuthera the research group set their line parallel with the wall of the Exuma Sound. The caught and tagged two reef sharks - one juvinile and one adolescent.
Plate 6 (top) from Jones QUAIN's The vessels of the human body (1837) showing the arteries of the face (fig. 1 top).
Known as Quain's Plates, this book was the second in a series of five volumes of anatomical plates (1836-1842), with references and physiological comments, edited by Jones Quain and William James Erasmus Wilson.
They aimed to provide students with affordable access to high quality illustrations with English commentary. Their comments give detailed descriptions of the parts of the body in the illustration, and explain the process of dissection needed to show them.
The original drawings by J. Walsh were then lithographed by W. Fairland for reproduction.
Part of the Anatomical Atlases collection in Special Collections & Archives, SPEC Anatomy 11. One copy of these plates was part of the Medical Library of the Liverpool Infirmary before passing to the Departmental Library in Anatomy.Images from Medical Archive collections at University of Liverpool.
Free download under CC Attribution (CC BY 4.0). Please credit the artist and rawpixel.com.
Vintage fish illustrations from Ichtyologie, ou, Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière des poissons (1785–1797) by Marcus Elieser Bloch (1723–1799), the German physician and naturalist. Bloch was the most influential ichthyologist of the 18th century who consistently devoted himself to natural objects, anatomy, and physiology. This collection showcases his devotion to ichthyology, illustrating more than 400 various types of fish. We have digitally enhanced these richly colored public domain illustrations in high-resolution printable quality. Free to download under the CC0 license.
Higher resolutions with no attribution required can be downloaded: https://www.rawpixel.com/board/938140/ichtyologie-ou-histoire-naturelle-generale-et-particuliere-des-poissons?sort=curated&mode=shop&page=1
The reason for this encephalization is difficult to discern, as the major changes from Homo erectus to Homo heidelbergensis were not associated with major changes in technology. It has been suggested that the changes have been associated with social changes, increased empathic abilities and increases in size of social groupings.Human evolution is the evolutionary process that led to the emergence of anatomically modern humans, beginning with the evolutionary history of primates.The increase in volume over time has affected areas within the brain unequally—the temporal lobes, which contain centers for language processing, have increased disproportionately, and seems to favor a belief that there was evolution after leaving Africa, as has the prefrontal cortex which has been related to complex decision-making and moderating social behavior.Encephalization has been tied to an increasing emphasis on meat in the diet, or with the development of cooking, and it has been proposed that intelligence increased as a response to an increased necessity for solving social problems as human society became more complex. The human brain was able to expand because of the changes in the morphology of smaller mandibles and mandible muscle attachments to the skull into allowing more room for the brain to grow – in particular genus Homo – and leading to the emergence of Homo sapiens as a distinct species of the hominid family, the great apes.The human species eventually developed a much larger brain than that of other primates—typically 1,330 cm3 in modern humans, nearly three times the size of that of a chimpanzee or gorilla. The pattern of encephalization started with Homo habilis, after a hiatus with Anamensis and Ardipithecus species which had smaller brains as a result of their bipedal locomotion which at approximately 600 cm3 Homo habilus had a brain slightly larger than that of chimpanzees, and this evolution continued with Homo erectus (800–1,100 cm3), reaching a maximum in Neanderthals with an average size of (1,200–1,900 cm3), larger even than modern Homo sapiens. This pattern of brain increase happened through the pattern of human postnatal brain growth which differs from that of other apes (heterochrony). It also allows for extended periods of social learning and language acquisition in juvenile humans which may have begun 2 million years ago. However, the differences between the structure of human brains and those of other apes may be even more significant than differences in size. The study of human evolution involves many scientific disciplines, including physical anthropology, primatology, archaeology, paleontology, neurobiology, ethology, linguistics, evolutionary psychology, embryology and genetics.[1] Genetic studies show that primates diverged from other mammals about 85 million years ago, in the Late Cretaceous period, and the earliest fossils appear in the Paleocene, around 55 million years ago.Within the Hominoidea (apes) superfamily, the Hominidae family diverged from the Hylobatidae (gibbon) family some 15–20 million years ago; African great apes (subfamily Homininae) diverged from orangutans (Ponginae) about 14 million years ago; the Hominini tribe (humans, Australopithecines and other extinct biped genera, and chimpanzees) parted from the Gorillini tribe (gorillas) between 9 million years ago and 8 million years ago; and, in turn, the subtribes Hominina (humans and biped ancestors) and Panina (chimps) separated about 7.5 million years ago to 5.6 million years ago.Human evolution from its first separation from the last common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees is characterized by a number of morphological, developmental, physiological, and behavioral changes. The most significant of these adaptations are bipedalism, increased brain size, lengthened ontogeny (gestation and infancy), and decreased sexual dimorphism. The relationship between these changes is the subject of ongoing debate. Other significant morphological changes included the evolution of a power and precision grip, a change first occurring in H. erectus.Bipedalism is the basic adaptation of the hominin and is considered the main cause behind a suite of skeletal changes shared by all bipedal hominins. The earliest hominin, of presumably primitive bipedalism, is considered to be either Sahelanthropus[6] or Orrorin, both of which arose some 6 to 7 million years ago. The non-bipedal knuckle-walkers, the gorilla and chimpanzee, diverged from the hominin line over a period covering the same time, so either of Sahelanthropus or Orrorin may be our last shared ancestor. Ardipithecus, a full biped, arose somewhat later.The early bipeds eventually evolved into the australopithecines and still later into the genus Homo. There are several theories of the adaptation value of bipedalism. It is possible that bipedalism was favored because it freed the hands for reaching and carrying food, saved energy during locomotion,enabled long distance running and hunting, provided an enhanced field of vision, and helped avoid hyperthermia by reducing the surface area exposed to direct sun; features all advantageous for thriving in the new savanna and woodland environment created as a result of the East African Rift Valley uplift versus the previous closed forest habitat. A new study provides support for the hypothesis that walking on two legs, or bipedalism, evolved because it used less energy than quadrupedal knuckle-walking.However, recent studies suggest that bipedality without the ability to use fire would not have allowed global dispersal.This change in gait saw a lengthening of the legs proportionately when compared to the length of the arms, which were shortened through the removal of the need for brachiation. Another change is the shape of the big toe. Recent studies suggest that Australopithecines still lived part of the time in trees as a result of maintaining a grasping big toe. This was progressively lost in Habilines.Anatomically, the evolution of bipedalism has been accompanied by a large number of skeletal changes, not just to the legs and pelvis, but also to the vertebral column, feet and ankles, and skull.The femur evolved into a slightly more angular position to move the center of gravity toward the geometric center of the body. The knee and ankle joints became increasingly robust to better support increased weight. To support the increased weight on each vertebra in the upright position, the human vertebral column became S-shaped and the lumbar vertebrae became shorter and wider. In the feet the big toe moved into alignment with the other toes to help in forward locomotion. The arms and forearms shortened relative to the legs making it easier to run. The foramen magnum migrated under the skull and more anterior.The most significant changes occurred in the pelvic region, where the long downward facing iliac blade was shortened and widened as a requirement for keeping the center of gravity stable while walking;[15] bipedal hominids have a shorter but broader, bowl-like pelvis due to this. A drawback is that the birth canal of bipedal apes is smaller than in knuckle-walking apes, though there has been a widening of it in comparison to that of australopithecine and modern humans, permitting the passage of newborns due to the increase in cranial size but this is limited to the upper portion, since further increase can hinder normal bipedal movement.The shortening of the pelvis and smaller birth canal evolved as a requirement for bipedalism and had significant effects on the process of human birth which is much more difficult in modern humans than in other primates. During human birth, because of the variation in size of the pelvic region, the fetal head must be in a transverse position (compared to the mother) during entry into the birth canal and rotate about 90 degrees upon exit.The smaller birth canal became a limiting factor to brain size increases in early humans and prompted a shorter gestation period leading to the relative immaturity of human offspring, who are unable to walk much before 12 months and have greater neoteny, compared to other primates, who are mobile at a much earlier age.The increased brain growth after birth and the increased dependency of children on mothers had a big effect upon the female reproductive cycle,[and the more frequent appearance of alloparenting in humans when compared with other hominids.Delayed human sexual maturity also led to the evolution of menopause with one explanation providing that elderly women could better pass on their genes by taking care of their daughter's offspring, as compared to having more children of their own.The genetic revolution in studies of human evolution started when Vincent Sarich and Allan Wilson measured the strength of immunological cross-reactions of blood serum albumin between pairs of creatures, including humans and African apes (chimpanzees and gorillas).The strength of the reaction could be expressed numerically as an immunological distance, which was in turn proportional to the number of amino acid differences between homologous proteins in different species. By constructing a calibration curve of the ID of species' pairs with known divergence times in the fossil record, the data could be used as a molecular clock to estimate the times of divergence of pairs with poorer or unknown fossil records.In their seminal 1967 paper in Science, Sarich and Wilson estimated the divergence time of humans and apes as four to five million years ago,[54] at a time when standard interpretations of the fossil record gave this divergence as at least 10 to as much as 30 million years. Subsequent fossil discoveries, notably "Lucy", and reinterpretation of older fossil materials, notably Ramapithecus, showed the younger estimates to be correct and validated the albumin method.Progress in DNA sequencing, specifically mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and then Y-chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) advanced the understanding of human origins.[55][8][56] Application of the molecular clock principle revolutionized the study of molecular evolution.On the basis of a separation from the orangutan between 10 and 20 million years ago, earlier studies of the molecular clock suggested that there were about 76 mutations per generation that were not inherited by human children from their parents; this evidence supported the divergence time between hominins and chimps noted above. However, a 2012 study in Iceland of 78 children and their parents suggests a mutation rate of only 36 mutations per generation; this datum extends the separation between humans and chimps to an earlier period greater than 7 million years ago (Ma). Additional research with 226 offspring of wild chimp populations in 8 locations suggests that chimps reproduce at age 26.5 years, on average; which suggests the human divergence from chimps occurred between 7 and 13 million years ago. And these data suggest that Ardipithecus (4.5 Ma), Orrorin (6 Ma) and Sahelanthropus (7 Ma) all may be on the hominid lineage, and even that the separation may have occurred outside the East African Rift region.Furthermore, analysis of the two species' genes in 2006 provides evidence that after human ancestors had started to diverge from chimpanzees, interspecies mating between "proto-human" and "proto-chimps" nonetheless occurred regularly enough to change certain genes in the new gene pool:A new comparison of the human and chimp genomes suggests that after the two lineages separated, they may have begun interbreeding... A principal finding is that the X chromosomes of humans and chimps appear to have diverged about 1.2 million years more recently than the other chromosomes.The research suggests:There were in fact two splits between the human and chimp lineages, with the first being followed by interbreeding between the two populations and then a second split. The suggestion of a hybridization has startled paleoanthropologists, who nonetheless are treating the new genetic data seriously.
H. floresiensis, which lived from approximately 190,000 to 50,000 years before present, has been nicknamed hobbit for its small size, possibly a result of insular dwarfism.[160] H. floresiensis is intriguing both for its size and its age, being an example of a recent species of the genus Homo that exhibits derived traits not shared with modern humans. In other words, H. floresiensis shares a common ancestor with modern humans, but split from the modern human lineage and followed a distinct evolutionary path. The main find was a skeleton believed to be a woman of about 30 years of age. Found in 2003, it has been dated to approximately 18,000 years old. The living woman was estimated to be one meter in height, with a brain volume of just 380 cm3 (considered small for a chimpanzee and less than a third of the H. sapiens average of 1400 cm3).[citation needed]
However, there is an ongoing debate over whether H. floresiensis is indeed a separate species.[161] Some scientists hold that H. floresiensis was a modern H. sapiens with pathological dwarfism.[162] This hypothesis is supported in part, because some modern humans who live on Flores, the Indonesian island where the skeleton was found, are pygmies. This, coupled with pathological dwarfism, could have resulted in a significantly diminutive human. The other major attack on H. floresiensis as a separate species is that it was found with tools only associated with H. sapiens.
Homo floresiensis
The hypothesis of pathological dwarfism, however, fails to explain additional anatomical features that are unlike those of modern humans (diseased or not) but much like those of ancient members of our genus. Aside from cranial features, these features include the form of bones in the wrist, forearm, shoulder, knees, and feet. Additionally, this hypothesis fails to explain the find of multiple examples of individuals with these same characteristics, indicating they were common to a large population, and not limited to one individual
Colour lithograph of the male and female pelvis (platw 12) from Johnston's students' atlas of the bones and ligaments by Charles W. Cathcart and Francis M. Caird (Edinburgh: Johnston, 1885).
Part of the anatomical atlases collection in Special Collections & Archives, SPEC Anatomy 5. With signature on the titlepage, Herbert Brown, 19 Grove Rd, Wallasey.
Pelvis
Plate 6 (bottom) from Jones QUAIN's The vessels of the human body (1837) showing the internal maxillary artery of the face and the dura mater (fig. 2).
Known as Quain's Plates, this book was the second in a series of five volumes of anatomical plates (1836-1842), with references and physiological comments, edited by Jones Quain and William James Erasmus Wilson.
They aimed to provide students with affordable access to high quality illustrations with English commentary. Their comments give detailed descriptions of the parts of the body in the illustration, and explain the process of dissection needed to show them.
The original drawings by J. Walsh were then lithographed by W. Fairland for reproduction.
Part of the Anatomical Atlases in Special Collections & Archives, SPEC Anatomy 11. One copy of these plates was part of the Medical Library of the Liverpool Infirmary before passing to the Departmental Library in Anatomy.
Detail from plate 9 - engraved anatomical illustration of the bones of the foot from: Anatomy improv'd and illustrated with regard to the uses thereof in designing. (London: John Senex, 1723).
This volume of engraved plates and text was originally published in Rome in 1691, and was re-engraved and republished in London in 1723. The dissections were done for the Italian edition by Bernardino Genga, Professor of Anatomy and Surgery and physician in the hospital of San Spirito in Rome, and the explanatory text by the papal physician Giovanni Maria Lancisi (1654-1720). The book, designed for artists rather than medical students, includes plates of famous classical statues from Rome and is described as 'A work of great use to painters, sculptors, statuaries and all others studious in the noble arts of design'.
The English edition is dedicated by the publisher to Richard Mead, FRCP, FRS (1673-1754), 'a favourer of the politer arts'.
Part of the Anatomical Atlases in Special Collections & Archives, SPEC Anatomy 6. Cropped inscription on the titlepage, 'Tho. Dixon's Book 1799' and the pencilled name' Miss Annie Jackson, 19 North Street' on the front flyleaf, with pencil measurements possibly from a dissected skeleton on the back of the last (index) page.
The volume has had some plates cut out, but has also been grangerised with later anatomical illustrations pasted in.
Medical Education
Image of bones/skeleton of foot
"A fore-view of the womb, fully opened, to shew the child [at 8 months] in its natural situation". Plate 20 from William Hunter, Anatomia uteri humani gravidi tabulis illustrata = The anatomy of the human gravid uterus exhibited in figures (Birmingham: John Baskerville, 1774).
The Anatomy of the human gravid uterus is William Hunter's most famous work,and one of the last works printed by the pioneering Birmingham printer and typefounder, John Baskerville.
The large folio plates reproduce the drawings of Jan van Rymsdyk (fl. 1750-1788), based on dissections in which William Hunter acknowledges his brother John's help. His preface also commentson the favourable weather for dissection he enjoyed in preparing the drawings of his first subject. (Hunter's lectures on anatomy took place during the winter).
The Scottish anatomist, surgeon and male midwife William Hunter (1718-1783) studied at the University of Glasgow and worked with William Cullen at Hamilton before moving to London in 1741. He was a pupil in surgery at St. George's Hospital and was appointed physician extraordinary to Queen Charlotte in 1762, having assisted at the safe delivery of her son. His knowledge of female anatomy in pregnancy also made him an expert witness in cases of infanticide. He founded the Hunterian Museum (now at the University of Glasgow) holding his anatomical and pathological specimen collection and library.
SPEC Anatomy 26, from the Anatomcal Atlases collection in Special Collections and Archves, University of Liverpool Library.
Images from Medical Archive collections at University of Liverpool
“A Nursery Book of Science” by The Cockiolly Bird. Pictures by Percy J. Billinghurst. Published by T. C. & E. C. Jack of London, [1885-1913]. After extensive strictly amateur research online, I am not at all sure this was written by the Cockiolly Bird. A reissue of this with the same text and pictures has been attributed to James Richard ‘Ainsworth’ Davis by Frederick Stokes on the title page. Graham ‘Clifton’ Bingham, who is widely assumed to be the Cockiolly Bird, worked mostly in verse and is well known for song writing. This book is all prose designed for the nursery, and Davis was a scholar in many things natural, especially zoology and physiology. And the color illustrations? Do they look like anything Billinghurst has done to anyone else?
Engraving showing side view of the bones of the torso by Andrew Bell, pasted into: Anatomy improv'd and illustrated with regard to the uses thereof in designing. (London: John Senex, 1723).
This volume of engraved plates and text was originally published in Rome in 1691, and was re-engraved and republished in London in 1723. The dissections were done for the Italian edition by Bernardino Genga, Professor of Anatomy and Surgery and physician in the hospital of San Spirito in Rome, and the explanatory text by the papal physician Giovanni Maria Lancisi (1654-1720). The book, designed for artists rather than medical students, includes plates of famous classical statues from Rome and is described as 'A work of great use to painters, sculptors, statuaries and all others studious in the noble arts of design'.
The English edition is dedicated by the publisher to Richard Mead, FRCP, FRS (1673-1754), 'a favourer of the politer arts'.
Part of the Anatomical Atlases in Special Collections & Archives, SPEC Anatomy 6. Cropped inscription on the titlepage, 'Tho. Dixon's Book 1799' and the pencilled name' Miss Annie Jackson, 19 North Street' on the front flyleaf, with pencil measurements possibly from a dissected skeleton on the back of the last (index) page.
The volume has had some plates cut out, but has also been grangerised with later anatomical illustrations pasted in.Medical Education
Image of bones/skeleton
torso
Engraved plate showing human muscles, probably from a French edition of Andreas Vesalius De corporis humani fabrica libri septem, pasted into: Anatomy improv'd and illustrated with regard to the uses thereof in designing. (London: John Senex, 1723).
This volume of engraved plates and text was originally published in Rome in 1691, and was re-engraved and republished in London in 1723. The dissections were done for the Italian edition by Bernardino Genga, Professor of Anatomy and Surgery and physician in the hospital of San Spirito in Rome, and the explanatory text by the papal physician Giovanni Maria Lancisi (1654-1720). The book, designed for artists rather than medical students, includes plates of famous classical statues from Rome and is described as 'A work of great use to painters, sculptors, statuaries and all others studious in the noble arts of design'.
The English edition is dedicated by the publisher to Richard Mead, FRCP, FRS (1673-1754), 'a favourer of the politer arts'.
Part of the Anatomical Atlases in Special Collections & Archives, SPEC Anatomy 6. Cropped inscription on the titlepage, 'Tho. Dixon's Book 1799' and the pencilled name' Miss Annie Jackson, 19 North Street' on the front flyleaf, with pencil measurements possibly from a dissected skeleton on the back of the last (index) page.
The volume has had some plates cut out, but has also been grangerised with later anatomical illustrations pasted in.
Medical Education
Image of musclar system
Mount Pleasant Cemetery
Banting and Best (along with John J.R. Macleod and James B. Collip) discovered and purified insulin in 1921.
Banting and Macleod went on to win the 1923 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
The patent for insulin was sold to the University of Toronto for $1 as they felt that all who needed insulin, should be able to afford it.
Photos taken from an outing with the Deep Water Sharks and Shark Stress Psysiology research groups. The two reserach groups teamed up to deploy a longline over 600 meters deep of the Exuma Sound. The groups were able to catch a Bigeyed Sixgill Skark (Hexanchus nakamurai). Once caught the Sixgill was tagged and blood samples were taking. The line took over an hour and a half to haul up and the entire process of tagging, taking blood samples, and then releasing the Sixgill took under 10 minutes.
... Animaux venimeux et venins: la fonction venimeuse chez tous les animaux;.
Paris,Masson & co.,[1922].
TOOMINGAS, Allan; MATHIASSEN, Svend Erik; TORNQVIST, Ewa Wigaeus (Eds.). Occupational physiology. Nova York: CRC Press, 2012. xii, 297 p. ISBN 9781439866962.
Palavras-chave: ERGOLOGIA; FISIOLOGIA OCUPACIONAL; TRABALHO/Fisiologia.
CDU 612.766.1 / T672o / 2012
Plate 4 showing engraving of side view of 'the Bones of the Human Body or Trunk' from: Anatomy improv'd and illustrated with regard to the uses thereof in designing. (London: John Senex, 1723).
This volume of engraved plates and text was originally published in Rome in 1691, and was re-engraved and republished in London in 1723. The dissections were done for the Italian edition by Bernardino Genga, Professor of Anatomy and Surgery and physician in the hospital of San Spirito in Rome, and the explanatory text by the papal physician Giovanni Maria Lancisi (1654-1720). The book, designed for artists rather than medical students, includes plates of famous classical statues from Rome and is described as 'A work of great use to painters, sculptors, statuaries and all others studious in the noble arts of design'.
The English edition is dedicated by the publisher to Richard Mead, FRCP, FRS (1673-1754), 'a favourer of the politer arts'.
Part of the Anatomical Atlases in Special Collections & Archives, SPEC Anatomy 6. Cropped inscription on the titlepage, 'Tho. Dixon's Book 1799' and the pencilled name' Miss Annie Jackson, 19 North Street' on the front flyleaf, with pencil measurements possibly from a dissected skeleton on the back of the last (index) page.
The volume has had some plates cut out, but has also been grangerised with later anatomical illustrations pasted in.Medical Education
Image of bones/skeleton torso
Plate 3 (muscles) from Bernhard Siegfried Albinus, Tables of the skeleton and muscles of the human body. (London : printed by H. Woodfall for John and Paul Knapton, 1749).
Large folio plate engraved by Charles Grignion (1717-1810).
The German anatomist Bernhard Siegfried Albinus (1697-1770) studied in Leiden and Paris, and taught surgery and anatomy in Leiden. He made studies of the bones and muscles in particular, and made pioneering attempts to improve the accuracy of anatomical illustration. He also edited the works of Andreas Vesalius.
His large-scale Tabulae sceleti et musculorum corporis humani (Leiden, 1747) was published largely at his own expense; the artist and engraver Jan Wandelaar (1690-1759) added the background scenes.The London 1749 edition gives an English translation of the original Latin text.
SPEC Anatomy 27(3) from the Anatomical atlases collection, Special Collections and Archives, the University of Liverpool Library (plates only).
Images from Medical Archive collections at University of Liverpool
Plate 9 from Henri Scoutetten, La methode ovalaire; ou, nouvelle methode pour amputer dans les articulations (1827). Lithographs showing how to amputate the big toe.
Henri Scoutetten (1799-1871) was a French military surgeon, historian and phrenologist., who also wrote about clubfoot, the Berlin cholera epidemic of 1831, hydrotherapy and chloral.
SPEC P8.27/oversize in Special Collections and Archives, the University of Liverpool Library.
Medical Education
Foot image
Colour lithograph of the male pelvis (plate 12) from Johnston's students' atlas of the bones and ligaments by Charles W. Cathcart and Francis M. Caird (Edinburgh: Johnston, 1885).
Part of the anatomical atlases collection in Special Collections & Archives, SPEC Anatomy 5. With signature on the titlepage, Herbert Brown, 19 Grove Rd, Wallasey.
Pelvis
Free download under CC Attribution (CC BY 4.0). Please credit the artist and rawpixel.com.
Vintage fish illustrations from Ichtyologie, ou, Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière des poissons (1785–1797) by Marcus Elieser Bloch (1723–1799), the German physician and naturalist. Bloch was the most influential ichthyologist of the 18th century who consistently devoted himself to natural objects, anatomy, and physiology. This collection showcases his devotion to ichthyology, illustrating more than 400 various types of fish. We have digitally enhanced these richly colored public domain illustrations in high-resolution printable quality. Free to download under the CC0 license.
Higher resolutions with no attribution required can be downloaded: https://www.rawpixel.com/board/938140/ichtyologie-ou-histoire-naturelle-generale-et-particuliere-des-poissons?sort=curated&mode=shop&page=1
ONE OF THE WAY TO TRAIN THE "THE AWARENESS MUSCLE
is the critical run
and other emergency art format
CRITICAL RUN / Debate Format
Critical Run is an Art Format created by Thierry Geoffroy/Colonel
debate while running .
Debate and Run together,Now,before it is too late.
www.emergencyroomscanvas todo .org/criticalrun.html
The Art Format Critical Run has been activated in 30 differents countries with 120 different burning debates
New York,Cairo,London,Istanbul,Athens,Hanoi,Paris,Munich,Amsterdam Siberia,Copenhagen,Johanesburg,Moskow,Napoli,Sydney,
Wroclaw,Bruxelles,Rotterdam,Barcelona,Venice,Virginia,Stockholm,Århus,Kassel,Lyon,Trondheim, Berlin ,Toronto,Hannover ...
CRITICAL RUN happened on invitation from institution like Moma/PS1, Moderna Muset Stockholm ,Witte de With Rotterdam,ZKM Karlsruhe,Liverpool Biennale;Sprengel Museum etc..or have just happened on the spot because
a debate was necessary here and now.
In 2020 the Energy Room was an installation of 40 Critical Run at Museum Villa Stuck /Munich
part of Colonel solo show : The Awareness Muscle Training Center
----
Interesting publication for researches on running and art
www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html
14 Performances. Relation Work (1976 - 1980). Filmed by Paolo Cardazzo. Marina Abramović/ Ulay. Neuer Berliner Kunstverein, Berlin, Germany.
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Bergson, Henri. Matter and Memory. New York: Zone Books, 1988.
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de Tocqueville, Alexis. The Old Regime and the Revolution. New York: Harper & Brothers, Publishers, 1856.
Delaumosne, M. L’Abbe. “The Delsarte System.” Translated by Frances A. Shaw. In Delsarte System of Oratory, 4th Ed. New York: Edgar S. Werner, 1893.
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Gropius, Walter, and Arthur S. Wensinger, eds. The Theater of the Bauhaus: Oskar Schlemmer, Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, Farkas Molnár. Translated by Arthur S. Wensinger. Middleton, Conn.: Wesleyan University, 1961.
Hahn, Archibald. How to Sprint: The Theory of Spring Racing. New York: American Sports Publishing Company, 1923.
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich. Phenomenology of Spirit. Translated by A.V. Miller. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977.
Helmholtz, Hermann. “On the Facts Underlying Geometry.” In Epistemological Writings: Hermann von Helmholtz. Edited by R.S. Cohen and Y. Elkana. Boston: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1977.
Helmholtz, Hermann. Théorie physiologique de la musique fondée sur l’étude des sensations auditives. Paris: Masson, 1868.
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Holmes, Oliver Wendall. Soundings from the Atlantic. Boston: Tickknor and Fields, 1864. James, William. The Principles of Psychology. New York: Henry Holt & Co, 1890, 1918.
James, William. Writings 1902 - 1910. Edited by Bruce Kuklick. New York: Literary Classics of the United States, 1987.
Kandinsky, Vasily. Über Das Geistige in der Kunst. Dritte Auflage. München: R. Piper&Co, 1912.
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Laban, Rudolf. A Life for Dance: Reminiscences. Translated by Lisa Ullmann. London: Macdonald & Evans, 1975.
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Laban, Rudolf. Effort: Economy in Body Movement. 2nd Edition. Boston: Plays, 1947, 1974.
Laban, Rudolf. Principles of Dance and Movement Notation. New York: A Dance Horizons Republication, 1956, 1970.
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Marey, Étienne-Jules. La Machine Animale: Locomotion Terrestre et Aérienne. Paris: Librairie Germer Baillière, 1873.
Marey, Étienne-Jules. Le Vol des Oiseaux. Paris: Libraire de l’académie de médecine, 1890. Marey, Étienne-Jules. Movement. Translated by Eric Pritchard. New York: D. Appleton and
Company, 1895.
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Muybridge, Eadweard. Animal Locomotion: An Electro-photographic Investigation of Consecutive Phases of Animal Movements. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania and J. B. Lippincott Company, 1887.
Muybridge, Eadweard. Descriptive Zoopraxography, or the Science of Animal Locomotion. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 1893.
Muybridge, Eadweard. The Attitudes of Animals in Motion: A Series of Photographs Illustrating the Consecutive Positions assumed by Animals in Performing Various Movements; Executed at Palo Alto, California, in 1878 and 1879 (1881). Albumen, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., Library of Congress.
Muybridge, Eadweard. The Human Figure in Motion. New York: Dover Publications, 1955. Ramsaye, Terry. A Million and One Nights: A History of the Motion Picture. U.K.: Simon and
Schuster, Inc., 1926, 1954.
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Schlemmer, Oskar, and Heimo Kuchling. Der Mensch, Unterricht am Bauhaus. Nachgelassene Aufzeichnungen. Mainz: F. Kupferberg, 1969.
Schuftan, Werner. Handbuch des Tanzes. Preface by Rudolf von Laban. Mannheim: Verlag Deutscher Chorsänger Verband und Tänzerbund, 1928.
Shearman, Sir Montague. Athletics and Football. London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1888. Smith, Shawn Michelle. At the Edge of Sight: Photography and the Unseen. Durham: Duke
University Press, 2013.
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------------about Venice Biennale history from wikipedia ---------
curators previous
* 1948 – Rodolfo Pallucchini
* 1966 – Gian Alberto Dell'Acqua
* 1968 – Maurizio Calvesi and Guido Ballo
* 1970 – Umbro Apollonio
* 1972 – Mario Penelope
* 1974 – Vittorio Gregotti
* 1978 – Luigi Scarpa
* 1980 – Luigi Carluccio
* 1982 – Sisto Dalla Palma
* 1984 – Maurizio Calvesi
* 1986 – Maurizio Calvesi
* 1988 – Giovanni Carandente
* 1990 – Giovanni Carandente
* 1993 – Achille Bonito Oliva
* 1995 – Jean Clair
* 1997 – Germano Celant
* 1999 – Harald Szeemann
* 2001 – Harald Szeemann
* 2003 – Francesco Bonami
* 2005 – María de Corral and Rosa Martinez
* 2007 – Robert Storr
* 2009 – Daniel Birnbaum
* 2011 – Bice Curiger
* 2013 – Massimiliano Gioni
* 2015 – Okwui Enwezor
* 2017 – Christine Macel[19]
* 2019 – Ralph Rugoff[20]
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#art #artist #artistic #artists #arte #artwork
Pavilion at the Venice Biennale #artcontemporain contemporary art Giardini arsenal
venice Veneziako VenecijaVenècia Venedig Venetië Veneetsia Venetsia Venise Venecia VenedigΒενετία( Venetía Hungarian Velence Feneyjar Venice Venezia Venēcija Venezja Venezia Wenecja Veneza VenețiaVenetsiya BenátkyBenetke Venecia Fenisוועניס Վենետիկ ভেনি স威尼斯 (wēinísī) 威尼斯 ვენეციისવે નિસवेनिसヴェネツィアವೆನಿಸ್베니스வெனிஸ்వెనిస్เวนิซوینس Venetsiya
art umjetnost umění kunst taide τέχνη művészetList ealaín arte māksla menasarti Kunst sztuka artă umenie umetnost konstcelfקונסטարվեստincəsənətশিল্প艺术(yìshù)藝術 (yìshù)ხელოვნებაकलाkos duabアートಕಲೆសិល្បៈ미술(misul)ສິນລະປະകലकलाအတတ်ပညာकलाකලාවகலைఆర్ట్ศิลปะ آرٹsan'atnghệ thuậtفن (fan)אומנותهنرsanat artist
other Biennale :(Biennials ) :
Venice Biennial , Documenta Havana Biennial,Istanbul Biennial ( Istanbuli),Biennale de Lyon ,Dak'Art Berlin Biennial,Mercosul Visual Arts Biennial ,Bienal do Mercosul Porto Alegre.,Berlin Biennial ,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial .Yokohama Triennial Aichi Triennale,manifesta ,Copenhagen Biennale,Aichi Triennale .Yokohama Triennial,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial.Sharjah Biennial ,Biennale of Sydney, Liverpool , São Paulo Biennial ; Athens Biennale , Bienal do Mercosul ,Göteborg International Biennial for Contemporary Art ,DOCUMENTA KASSEL ATHENS
* Dakar
kritik [edit] kritikaria kritičar crític kritiker criticus kriitik kriitikko critique crítico Kritiker κριτικός(kritikós) kritikus Gagnrýnandi léirmheastóir critico kritiķis kritikas kritiku krytyk crítico critic crítico krytyk beirniad קריטיקער
Basque Veneziako Venecija [edit] Catalan Venècia Venedig Venetië Veneetsia Venetsia Venise Venecia Venedig Βενετία(Venetía) Hungarian Velence Feneyjar Venice Venezia Latvian Venēcija Venezja Venezia Wenecja Portuguese Veneza Veneția Venetsiya Benátky Benetke Venecia Fenis וועניס Վենետիկ ভেনিস 威尼斯 (wēinísī) 威尼斯 Georgian ვენეციის વેનિસ वेनिस ヴェネツィア ವೆನಿಸ್ 베니스 வெனிஸ் వెనిస్ เวนิซ وینس Venetsiya
Thierry Geoffroy / Colonel
#thierrygeoffroy #geoffroycolonel #thierrygeoffroycololonel #lecolonel #biennalist
#artformat #formatart
#emergencyart #urgencyart #urgentart #artofthenow #nowart
emergency art emergency art urgency artist de garde vagt alarm emergency room necessityart artistrole exigencyart predicament prediction pressureart
#InstitutionalCritique
#venicebiennale #venicebiennale2017 #venicebiennale2015
#venicebiennale2019
#venice #biennale #venicebiennale #venezia #italy
#venezia #venice #veniceitaly #venicebiennale
#pastlife #memory #venicebiennale #venice #Venezia #italy #hotelveniceitalia #artexhibit #artshow #internationalart #contemporaryart #themundane #summerday
#biennalevenice
Institutional Critique
Identity Politics Post-War Consumerism, Engagement with Mass Media, Performance Art, The Body, Film/Video, Political, Collage, , Cultural Commentary, Self as Subject, Color Photography, Related to Fashion, Digital Culture, Photography, Human Figure, Technology
Racial and Ethnic Identity, Neo-Conceptualism, Diaristic
Contemporary Re-creations, Popular Culture, Appropriation, Contemporary Sculpture,
Culture, Collective History, Group of Portraits, Photographic Source
, Endurance Art, Film/Video,, Conceptual Art and Contemporary Conceptualism, Color Photography, Human Figure, Cultural Commentary
War and Military, Political Figures, Social Action, Racial and Ethnic Identity, Conflict
Personal Histories, Alter Egos and Avatars
Use of Common Materials, Found Objects, Related to Literature, Installation, Mixed-Media, Engagement with Mass Media, Collage,, Outdoor Art, Work on Paper, Text
Appropriation (art) Art intervention Classificatory disputes about art Conceptual art Environmental sculpture Found object Interactive art Modern art Neo-conceptual art Performance art Sound art Sound installation Street installations Video installation Conceptual art Art movements Postmodern art Contemporary art Art media Aesthetics Conceptualism
Post-conceptualism Anti-anti-art Body art Conceptual architecture Contemporary art Experiments in Art and Technology Found object Happening Fluxus Information art Installation art Intermedia Land art Modern art Neo-conceptual art Net art Postmodern art Generative Art Street installation Systems art Video art Visual arts ART/MEDIA conceptual artis
—-
CRITICAL RUN is an art format developed by Thierry Geoffroy / COLONEL, It follows the spirit of ULTRACONTEMPORARY and EMERGENCY ART as well as aims to train the AWARENESS MUSCLE.
Critical Run has been activated on invitation from institutions such as Moderna Muset Stockholm, Moma PS1 ,Witte de With Rotterdam, ZKM Karlsruhe, Liverpool Biennale, Manifesta Biennial ,Sprengel Museum,Venice Biennale but have also just happened on the spot because a debate was necessary here and now.
It has been activated in Beijing, Cairo, London, Istanbul, Athens, Kassel, Sao Paolo, Hanoi, Istanbul, Paris, Copenhagen, Moskow, Napoli, Sydney, Wroclaw, Bruxelles, Rotterdam, Siberia, Karlsruhe, Barcelona, Aalborg, Venice, Virginia, Stockholm, Aarhus, Rio de Janeiro, Budapest, Washington, Lyon, Caracas, Trondheim, Berlin, Toronto, Hannover, Haage, Newtown, Cartagena, Tallinn, Herning, Roskilde;Mannheim ;Munich etc...
The run debates are about emergency topics like Climate Change , Xenophobia , Wars , Hyppocrisie , Apathy ,etc ...
Participants have been very various from Sweddish art critics , German police , American climate activist , Chinese Gallerists , Brasilian students , etc ...
Critical Run is an art format , like Emergency Room or Biennalist and is part of Emergency Art ULTRACONTEMPORARY and AWARENESS MUSCLE .
www.emergencyrooms.org/criticalrun.html
www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html
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In 2020 a large exhibition will show 40 of the Critical Run at the Museum Villa Stuck in Munich / part of the Awareness Muscle Training Center
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for activating the format or for inviting the installation
please contact 1@colonel.dk
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Sport,effort,curator,artist,urgency,urgence,criticalrun,emergencies,ultracontemporary
,rundebate,sport,art,activism, critic,laufen,Thierry Geoffroy , Colonel,kunstformat
,now art,copenhagen,denmark