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Gallium ( /ˈɡæliəm/ gal-ee-əm) is a chemical element that has the symbol Ga and atomic number 31. Elemental gallium does not occur in nature, but as the gallium(III) salt in trace amounts in bauxite and zinc ores. A soft silvery metallic poor metal, elemental gallium is a brittle solid at low temperatures. As it liquefies slightly above room temperature, it will melt in the hand. Its melting point is used as a temperature reference point, and from its discovery in 1875 to the semiconductor era, its primary uses were in high-temperature thermometric applications and in preparation of metal alloys with unusual properties of stability, or ease of melting; some being liquid at room temperature or below. The alloy Galinstan (68.5% Ga, 21.5% In, 10% Sn) has a melting point of about −19 °C (−2 °F).
In semiconductors, the major-use compound is gallium arsenide used in microwave circuitry and infrared applications. Gallium nitride and indium gallium nitride, minority semiconductor uses, produce blue and violet light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and diode lasers. Semiconductor use is now almost the entire (> 95%) world market for gallium, but new uses in alloys and fuel cells continue to be discovered.
Gallium is not known to be essential in biology, but because of the biological handling of gallium's primary ionic salt gallium(III) as though it were iron(III), the gallium ion localizes to and interacts with many processes in the body in which iron(III) is manipulated. As these processes include inflammation, which is a marker for many disease states, several gallium salts are used, or are in development, as both pharmaceuticals and radiopharmaceuticals in medicine.
Silver ( /ˈsɪlvər/ sil-vər) is a metallic chemical element with the chemical symbol Ag (Latin: argentum, from the Indo-European root *arg- for "grey" or "shining") and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it has the highest electrical conductivity of any element and the highest thermal conductivity of any metal. The metal occurs naturally in its pure, free form (native silver), as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite. Most silver is produced as a byproduct of copper, gold, lead, and zinc refining.
Silver has long been valued as a precious metal, and it is used to make ornaments, jewelry, high-value tableware, utensils (hence the term silverware), and currency coins. Today, silver metal is also used in electrical contacts and conductors, in mirrors and in catalysis of chemical reactions. Its compounds are used in photographic film, and dilute silver nitrate solutions and other silver compounds are used as disinfectants and microbiocides. While many medical antimicrobial uses of silver have been supplanted by antibiotics, further research into clinical potential continues.
The final design; ready for individual canvas print.
There are various slight changes in the individual designs that were done when they were getting prepped to print onto three separate canvases.
Salamander shall kindle,
Writhe nymph of the wave,
In air sylph shall dwindle,
And Kobold shall slave.
Who doth ignore
The primal Four,
Nor knows aright
Their use and might,
O'er spirits will he
Ne'er master be.
— Goethe, Faust
by Tiberiu Chelcea
The image is a collagraph printing and hand coloring with watercolors.
Silicon is naturally found in sand - sand being silicon dioxide. Also, silicon is used to build integrated circuits, which are the key component to building electronic components and computers (microprocessors, graphic cards, etc.). Computers were a key ingredient in helping people land on the moon.
I've started with a cardboard plate, 6x6". For the sky, I've peeled a layer of the cardboard and also added some carborundum mixed with acrylic medium. For the sand, I've glued a piece of non-glossy paper (which would give me a light grey when printing), and added a couple of carborundum highlights. The computer is just carved into the plate using a fine (1mm U-gouge) woodcut tool. I would have liked to skip the hand coloring part altogether, but did not have a lot of time.
Created for a sixth form induction evening... 108 cupcakes each with a symbol and colour of the elements in the periodic table. A great hit, lots of prospective students visited this, probably for the cakes!
Back. Knitted for my husband around 1993 from Lion Brand Wool Ease. Worked without a chart, directly from an old chemistry textbook (it's missing some of the older elements). This took me 10 days to knit. The entire sweater was done freehand, without calculating ahead of time except to make sure that the Period Table would fit on the front and back. The body is knitted in the round and the sleeves are steeked.
Manganese ( /ˈmæŋɡəniːz/ mang-gə-neez) is a chemical element, designated by the symbol Mn. It has the atomic number 25. It is found as a free element in nature (often in combination with iron), and in many minerals. As a free element, manganese is a metal with important industrial metal alloy uses, particularly in stainless steels.
Historically, manganese is named for various black minerals (such as pyrolusite) from the same region of Magnesia in Greece which gave names to similar-sounding magnesium, Mg (see magnesia ) and magnetite, an ore of the element iron, Fe. By the mid-18th century, Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele had used pyrolusite to produce chlorine. Scheele and others were aware that pyrolusite (now known to be manganese dioxide) contained a new element, but they were not able to isolate it. Johan Gottlieb Gahn was the first to isolate an impure sample of manganese metal in 1774, by reducing the dioxide with carbon.
Manganese phosphating is used as a treatment for rust and corrosion prevention on steel. Depending on their oxidation state, manganese ions have various colors and are used industrially as pigments. The permanganates of alkali and alkaline earth metals are powerful oxidizers. Manganese dioxide is used as the cathode (electron acceptor) material in standard and alkaline disposable dry cells and batteries.
Manganese(II) ions function as cofactors for a large variety of enzymes with many functions. Manganese enzymes are particularly essential in detoxification of superoxide free radicals in organisms that must deal with elemental oxygen. Manganese also functions in the oxygen-evolving complex of photosynthetic plants. The element is a required trace mineral for all known living organisms. In larger amounts, and apparently with far greater activity by inhalation, manganese can cause a poisoning syndrome in mammals, with neurological damage which is sometimes irreversible.
Coconut cake with strawberry filling and strawberry buttercream, fondant and periodic table message with measuring cylinders and flasks.
Terbium ( /ˈtɜrbiəm/ tur-bee-əm) is a chemical element with the symbol Tb and atomic number 65. It is a silvery-white rare earth metal that is malleable, ductile and soft enough to be cut with a knife. Terbium is never found in nature as a free element, but it is contained in many minerals, including cerite, gadolinite, monazite, xenotime and euxenite.
Terbium is used to dope calcium fluoride, calcium tungstate and strontium molybdate, materials that are used in solid-state devices, and as a crystal stabilizer of fuel cells which operate at elevated temperatures. As a component of Terfenol-D (an alloy that expands and contracts when exposed to magnetic fields more than any other alloy), terbium is of use in actuators, in naval sonar systems and in sensors.
The largest consumer of the world's terbium supply is in "green" phosphors (which are usually yellow). Terbium oxide is in fluorescent lamps and TV tubes. Terbium "green" phosphors (which fluoresce a brilliant lemon-yellow) are combined with divalent europium blue phosphors and trivalent europium red phosphors to provide "trichromatic" lighting technology, a high-efficiency white light used for standard illumination in indoor lighting.
Our Daily Challenge 20-26 October : Order
You can access this interactive table her www.rsc.org/periodic-table
So interesting!
Done with Prismacolours and Faber-Castell Polychromos, on Strathmore 140-lb. watercolour paper.
Au is the elemental symbol on the periodic table that stands for "Aurum", which is Latin for gold.
This image was done for a very special chemistry professor who never stopped being my cheerleader when I lost every bit of confidence in myself and my abilities to do the work of my astrophysics degree. If it hadn't been for this man, I would have most certainly given up. I'll never be able to thank him enough.
Printed by Gretchen Grove
The Element: Radium (Ra 88) is an extremely radioactive earth metal found in trace amounts in uranium ore. It has a half-life of 1602 years and decays into radon gas. Radium glows a light blue luminescent color and burns a bright red crimson. It was discovered by Marie Curie in 1898.
The Print: There were some obvious images associated with Radium that I could have gone with (luminescent dials and clock hands, or Marie Curie) but I was amazed to find that Radium was once used in toothpaste and hundreds of other consumer everyday products.
The colors were first laid down by monoprinting on plexiglass, the carved linoleum key block printed last in black. The monoprinting aspect of this print went through many incarnations until I came up with color combinations that I liked.
The Artist: I live and work on the Big Island of Hawaii. Although I have a degree in art, I own and manage a store so have little time for my own art. Retail displays are my current art form. I love linoleum block printing and I was delighted to have an excuse to make myself get back to doing what I enjoy.
Part of the Periodic Table Printmaking Project:
EOS 60D+Sigma 17-50mm F2.8 EX DC OS HSM
* If you have requests or comments, please describe these in photo comment space.
Erbium ( /ˈɜrbiəm/) is a chemical element in the lanthanide series, with the symbol Er and atomic number 68. A silvery-white solid metal when artificially isolated, natural erbium is always found in chemical combination with other elements on Earth. As such, it is a rare earth element which is associated with several other rare elements in the mineral gadolinite from Ytterby in Sweden.
Erbium's principal uses involve its pink-colored Er3+ ions, which have optical fluorescent properties particularly useful in certain laser applications. Erbium-doped glasses or crystals can be used as optical amplification media, where erbium (III) ions are optically pumped at around 980 nm or 1480 nm and then radiate light at 1530 nm in stimulated emission. This process results in an unusually mechanically simple laser optical amplifier for signals transmitted by fiber optics. The 1550 nm wavelength is especially important for optical communications because standard single mode optical fibers have minimal loss at this particular wavelength. In addition to optical fiber lasers, a large variety of medical applications (i.e. dermatology, dentistry) utilize erbium ion's 2940 nm emission (see Er:YAG laser), which is highly absorbed in water in tissues, making its effect very superficial. Such shallow tissue deposition of laser energy is helpful in laser surgery, and for the efficient production of steam for laser enamel ablation in certain types of laser dentistry.
My notes from reading The Periodic Kingdom: A Journey Into The Land Of The Chemical Elements by Peter Atkins.
I'm sure there's a reason somebody went to the trouble of printing up the periodic table and sticking it to all the windows of the Daley Center. I just don't know what that reason is.
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Praseodymium ( /ˌpreɪziːɵˈdɪmiəm/ pray-zee-o-dim-ee-əm) is a chemical element that has the symbol Pr and atomic number 59. Praseodymium is a soft, silvery, malleable and ductile metal in the lanthanide group. It is too reactive to be found in native form, and when artificially prepared, it slowly develops a green oxide coating.
The element was named for the color of its primary oxide. In 1841, Swedish chemist Carl Gustav Mosander extracted a rare earth oxide residue he called "didymium" from a residue he called "lantana," in turn separted from cerium salts. In 1885, the Austrian chemist Baron Carl Auer von Welsbach separated didymium into two salts of different colors, which he named praseodymium and neodymium. The name praseodymium comes from the Greek prasios (πράσιος), meaning green, and didymos (δίδυμος), twin.
Like most rare earth elements, praseodymium most readily forms trivalent Pr(III) ions. These are yellow-green in water solution, and various shades of yellow-green when incorporated into glasses. Many of praseodymium's industrial uses involve its use to filter yellow light from light sources.
messy desk in the aftermath of chemistry...
my dad made this desk for me, i needed something bigger and more conducive to study (i.e. able to fit a laptop, textbook, notebook and printed notes simultaneously)
so after shopping at ikea and finding nothing i liked, dad built me this desk over the weekend.
i repaid him with a big hug, a big kiss and some chocolate :D
artifact name: Periodic Table Model
maker: Dr. Donald Stedman
date: circa 1947
cat. no. 1995.0335
Canada Science and Technology Museum
Reading Artifacts Summer Institute RASI 2011
Team members: Chris Miedema, Kristen Frederick-Frost, Ann Robinson, & Ken Corbett
This might show how big of a nerd I can be at times, but this idea came to me. I liked it and so here it is. I am not 100% thrilled with the final image, but I liked how it looks on my apartment wall.
It truly represents all memories from my life over the last 2 years or so...
melrose, massachusetts
circa 1955
nick with fellow engineers
transitron electronic corporation
part of an archival project, featuring the photographs of nick dewolf
© the Nick DeWolf Foundation
Image-use requests are welcome via flickrmail or nickdewolfphotoarchive [at] gmail [dot] com
artifact name: Periodic Table Model
maker: Dr. Donald Stedman
date: circa 1947
cat. no. 1995.0335
Canada Science and Technology Museum
Reading Artifacts Summer Institute RASI 2011
Team members: Chris Miedema, Kristen Frederick-Frost, Ann Robinson, & Ken Corbett
Rhenium (pronunciation: /ˈriːniəm/ ree-nee-əm) is a chemical element with the symbol Re and atomic number 75. It is a silvery-white, heavy, third-row transition metal in group 7 of the periodic table. With an average concentration of 1 part per billion (ppb), rhenium is one of the rarest elements in the Earth's crust. The free element has the third-highest melting point and highest boiling point of any element. Rhenium resembles manganese chemically and is obtained as a by-product of molybdenum and copper refinement. Rhenium shows in its compounds a wide variety of oxidation states ranging from −1 to +7.
Discovered in 1925, rhenium was the last stable element to be discovered. It was named after the river Rhine in Europe.
Nickel-based superalloys for use in jet engines contain up to 6% rhenium, making jet engine construction the largest use for the element, with chemical industry catalytic uses being next-most important. Because of the low availability relative to demand, rhenium is among the most expensive industrial metals, with an average price of approximately US$4,575 per kilogram, on 1 August 2011.
Macro playtime at the lab again... major nerd alert! *LOL*
For the uninitiated ones: black = carbon, red = oxygen, blue = nitrogen, white = hydrogen, green = I ran out of white, sorry... :-P
The biochemists among the visitors to my photostream might have recognized it already - the nitrogen in the front is part of a peptide bond.