The Postcard

 

A postally unused postcard that was published by Fotofolio of Box 661, Canal Sta., NY, NY. The photography was by Rollie McKenna. The card has a divided back.

 

Dylan Thomas

 

Dylan Marlais Thomas, who was born in Swansea on the 27th. October 1914, was a Welsh poet and writer whose works include the poems 'Do not go Gentle Into That Good Night' and 'And Death Shall Have No Dominion.'

 

Dylan's other work included 'Under Milk Wood' as well as stories and radio broadcasts such as 'A Child's Christmas in Wales' and 'Portrait of the Artist as a Young Dog'.

 

He became widely popular in his lifetime, and remained so after his death at the age of 39 in New York City. By then he had acquired a reputation, which he had encouraged, as a roistering, drunken and doomed poet.

 

In 1931, when he was 16, Thomas, an undistinguished pupil, left school to become a reporter for the South Wales Daily Post, only to leave under pressure 18 months later.

 

Many of his works appeared in print while he was still a teenager. In 1934, the publication of 'Light Breaks Where no Sun Shines' caught the attention of the literary world.

 

While living in London, Thomas met Caitlin Macnamara. They married in 1937, and had three children: Llewelyn, Aeronwy and Colm.

 

Thomas came to be appreciated as a popular poet during his lifetime, though he found it hard to earn a living as a writer. He began augmenting his income with reading tours and radio broadcasts. His radio recordings for the BBC during the late 1940's brought him to the public's attention, and he was frequently used by the BBC as an accessible voice of the literary scene.

 

Thomas first travelled to the United States in the 1950's. His readings there brought him a degree of fame, while his erratic behaviour and drinking worsened. His time in the United States cemented his legend, however, and he went on to record to vinyl such works as 'A Child's Christmas in Wales'.

 

During his fourth trip to New York in 1953, Thomas became gravely ill and fell into a coma. He died on the 9th. November 1953, and his body was returned to Wales. On the 25th. November 1953, he was laid to rest in St Martin's churchyard in Laugharne, Carmarthenshire.

 

Although Thomas wrote exclusively in the English language, he has been acknowledged as one of the most important Welsh poets of the 20th century. He is noted for his original, rhythmic and ingenious use of words and imagery. He is regarded by many as one of the great modern poets, and he still remains popular with the public.

 

-- Dylan Thomas - The Early Years

 

Dylan was born at 5 Cwmdonkin Drive, the son of Florence Hannah (née Williams; 1882–1958), a seamstress, and David John Thomas (1876–1952), a teacher. His father had a first-class honours degree in English from University College, Aberystwyth and ambitions to rise above his position teaching English literature at the local grammar school.

 

Thomas had one sibling, Nancy Marles (1906–1953), who was eight years his senior. The children spoke only English, though their parents were bilingual in English and Welsh, and David Thomas gave Welsh lessons at home.

 

Thomas's father chose the name Dylan, which means 'Son of the Sea', after Dylan ail Don, a character in The Mabinogion. Dylan's middle name, Marlais, was given in honour of his great-uncle, William Thomas, a Unitarian minister and poet whose bardic name was Gwilym Marles.

 

Dylan caused his mother to worry that he might be teased as the 'Dull One.' When he broadcast on Welsh BBC, early in his career, he was introduced using this pronunciation. Thomas favoured the Anglicised pronunciation, and gave instructions that it should be spoken as 'Dillan.'

 

The red-brick semi-detached house at 5 Cwmdonkin Drive (in the respectable area of the Uplands), in which Thomas was born and lived until he was 23, had been bought by his parents a few months before his birth.

 

Dylan's childhood featured regular summer trips to the Llansteffan Peninsula, a Welsh-speaking part of Carmarthenshire, where his maternal relatives were the sixth generation to farm there.

 

In the land between Llangain and Llansteffan, his mother's family, the Williamses and their close relatives, worked a dozen farms with over a thousand acres between them. The memory of Fernhill, a dilapidated 15-acre farm rented by his maternal aunt, Ann Jones, and her husband, Jim, is evoked in the 1945 lyrical poem 'Fern Hill', but is portrayed more accurately in his short story, 'The Peaches'.

 

Thomas had bronchitis and asthma in childhood, and struggled with these throughout his life. He was indulged by his mother and enjoyed being mollycoddled, a trait he carried into adulthood, and he was skilful in gaining attention and sympathy.

 

Thomas's formal education began at Mrs Hole's Dame School, a private school on Mirador Crescent, a few streets away from his home. He described his experience there in Reminiscences of Childhood:

 

"Never was there such a dame school as ours,

so firm and kind and smelling of galoshes, with

the sweet and fumbled music of the piano lessons

drifting down from upstairs to the lonely schoolroom,

where only the sometimes tearful wicked sat over

undone sums, or to repent a little crime – the pulling

of a girl's hair during geography, the sly shin kick

under the table during English literature".

 

In October 1925, Dylan Thomas enrolled at Swansea Grammar School for boys, in Mount Pleasant, where his father taught English. He was an undistinguished pupil who shied away from school, preferring reading.

 

In his first year, one of his poems was published in the school's magazine, and before he left he became its editor. In June 1928, Thomas won the school's mile race, held at St. Helen's Ground; he carried a newspaper photograph of his victory with him until his death.

 

During his final school years Dylan began writing poetry in notebooks; the first poem, dated 27th. April 1930, is entitled 'Osiris, Come to Isis'.

 

In 1931, when he was 16, Thomas left school to become a reporter for the South Wales Daily Post, only to leave under pressure 18 months later. Thomas continued to work as a freelance journalist for several years, during which time he remained at Cwmdonkin Drive and continued to add to his notebooks, amassing 200 poems in four books between 1930 and 1934. Of the 90 poems he published, half were written during these years.

 

In his free time, Dylan joined the amateur dramatic group at the Little Theatre in Mumbles, visited the cinema in Uplands, took walks along Swansea Bay, and frequented Swansea's pubs, especially the Antelope and the Mermaid Hotels in Mumbles.

 

In the Kardomah Café, close to the newspaper office in Castle Street, he met his creative contemporaries, including his friend the poet Vernon Watkins.

 

-- 1933–1939

 

In 1933, Thomas visited London for probably the first time.

 

Thomas was a teenager when many of the poems for which he became famous were published:

 

-- 'And Death Shall Have no Dominion'

-- 'Before I Knocked'

-- 'The Force That Through the Green Fuse Drives the Flower'.

 

'And Death Shall Have no Dominion' appeared in the New English Weekly in May 1933:

 

'And death shall have no dominion.

Dead men naked they shall be one

With the man in the wind and the

west moon;

When their bones are picked clean and

the clean bones gone,

They shall have stars at elbow and foot;

Though they go mad they shall be sane,

Though they sink through the sea they

shall rise again

Though lovers be lost love shall not;

And death shall have no dominion'.

 

When 'Light Breaks Where no Sun Shines' appeared in The Listener in 1934, it caught the attention of three senior figures in literary London - T. S. Eliot, Geoffrey Grigson and Stephen Spender. They contacted Thomas, and his first poetry volume, '18 Poems', was published in December 1934.

 

'18 Poems' was noted for its visionary qualities which led to critic Desmond Hawkins writing that:

 

"The work is the sort of bomb

that bursts no more than once

in three years".

 

The volume was critically acclaimed, and won a contest run by the Sunday Referee, netting him new admirers from the London poetry world, including Edith Sitwell and Edwin Muir. The anthology was published by Fortune Press, in part a vanity publisher that did not pay its writers, and expected them to buy a certain number of copies themselves. A similar arrangement was used by other new authors, including Philip Larkin.

 

In September 1935, Thomas met Vernon Watkins, thus beginning a lifelong friendship. Dylan introduced Watkins, working at Lloyds Bank at the time, to his friends. The group of writers, musicians and artists became known as "The Kardomah Gang".

 

In those days, Thomas used to frequent the cinema on Mondays with Tom Warner who, like Watkins, had recently suffered a nervous breakdown. After these trips, Warner would bring Thomas back for supper with his aunt.

 

On one occasion, when she served him a boiled egg, she had to cut its top off for him, as Thomas did not know how to do this. This was because his mother had done it for him all his life, an example of her coddling him. Years later, his wife Caitlin would still have to prepare his eggs for him.

 

In December 1935, Thomas contributed the poem 'The Hand That Signed the Paper' to Issue 18 of the bi-monthly New Verse.

 

In 1936, Dylan's next collection 'Twenty-five Poems' received much critical praise. In 1938, Thomas won the Oscar Blumenthal Prize for Poetry; it was also the year in which New Directions offered to be his publisher in the United States. In all, he wrote half his poems while living at Cwmdonkin Drive before moving to London. It was the time that Thomas's reputation for heavy drinking developed.

 

In early 1936, Thomas met Caitlin Macnamara (1913–94), a 22-year-old blonde-haired, blue-eyed dancer of Irish and French descent. She had run away from home, intent on making a career in dance, and at the age of 18 joined the chorus line at the London Palladium.

 

Introduced by Augustus John, Caitlin's lover, they met in The Wheatsheaf pub on Rathbone Place in London's West End. Laying his head on her lap, a drunken Thomas proposed. Thomas liked to comment that he and Caitlin were in bed together ten minutes after they first met.

 

Although Caitlin initially continued her relationship with Augustus John, she and Thomas began a correspondence, and by the second half of 1936 they were courting. They married at the register office in Penzance, Cornwall, on the 11th. July 1937.

 

In early 1938, they moved to Wales, renting a cottage in the village of Laugharne, Carmarthenshire. Their first child, Llewelyn Edouard, was born on the 30th. January 1939.

 

By the late 1930's, Thomas was embraced as the "Poetic Herald" for a group of English poets, the New Apocalyptics. However Thomas refused to align himself with them, and declined to sign their manifesto.

 

He later stated that:

 

"They are intellectual muckpots

leaning on a theory".

 

Despite Dylan's rejection, many of the group, including Henry Treece, modelled their work on Thomas's.

 

During the politically charged atmosphere of the 1930's, Thomas's sympathies were very much with the radical left, to the point of holding close links with the communists, as well as being decidedly pacifist and anti-fascist. He was a supporter of the left-wing No More War Movement, and boasted about participating in demonstrations against the British Union of Fascists.

 

-- 1939–1945

 

In 1939, a collection of 16 poems and seven of the 20 short stories published by Thomas in magazines since 1934, appeared as 'The Map of Love'.

 

Ten stories in his next book, 'Portrait of the Artist as a Young Dog' (1940), were based less on lavish fantasy than those in 'The Map of Love', and more on real-life romances featuring himself in Wales.

 

Sales of both books were poor, resulting in Thomas living on meagre fees from writing and reviewing. At this time he borrowed heavily from friends and acquaintances.

 

Hounded by creditors, Thomas and his family left Laugharne in July 1940 and moved to the home of critic John Davenport in Marshfield, Gloucestershire. There Thomas collaborated with Davenport on the satire 'The Death of the King's Canary', though due to fears of libel, the work was not published until 1976.

 

At the outset of the Second World War, Thomas was worried about conscription, and referred to his ailment as "An Unreliable Lung".

 

Coughing sometimes confined him to bed, and he had a history of bringing up blood and mucus. After initially seeking employment in a reserved occupation, he managed to be classified Grade III, which meant that he would be among the last to be called up for service.

 

Saddened to see his friends going on active service, Dylan continued drinking, and struggled to support his family. He wrote begging letters to random literary figures asking for support, a plan he hoped would provide a long-term regular income. Thomas supplemented his income by writing scripts for the BBC, which not only gave him additional earnings but also provided evidence that he was engaged in essential war work.

 

In February 1941, Swansea was bombed by the Luftwaffe in a three night blitz. Castle Street was one of many streets that suffered badly; rows of shops, including the Kardomah Café, were destroyed. Thomas walked through the bombed-out shell of the town centre with his friend Bert Trick. Upset at the sight, he concluded:

 

"Our Swansea is dead".

 

Soon after the bombing raids, he wrote a radio play, 'Return Journey Home', which described the café as being "razed to the snow". The play was first broadcast on the 15th. June 1947. The Kardomah Café reopened on Portland Street after the war.

 

In May 1941, Thomas and Caitlin left their son with his grandmother at Blashford and moved to London. Thomas hoped to find employment in the film industry, and wrote to the director of the films division of the Ministry of Information (MOI). After initially being rebuffed, he found work with Strand Films, providing him with his first regular income since the Daily Post. Strand produced films for the MOI; Thomas scripted at least five films in 1942.

 

In five film projects, between 1942 and 1945, the Ministry of Information (MOI) commissioned Thomas to script a series of documentaries about both urban planning and wartime patriotism, all in partnership with director John Eldridge:

 

-- 'Wales: Green Mountain, Black Mountain'.

-- 'New Towns for Old' (on post-war reconstruction).

-- 'Fuel for Battle'.

-- 'Our Country' (1945) was a romantic tour of Great

Britain set to Thomas's poetry.

-- 'A City Reborn'.

 

Other projects included:

 

-- 'This Is Colour' (a history of the British dyeing industry).

-- 'These Are The Men' (1943), a more ambitious piece in which Thomas's verse accompanied Leni Riefenstahl's

footage of an early Nuremberg Rally.

-- 'Conquest of a Germ' (1944) explored the use of early antibiotics in the fight against pneumonia and tuberculosis.

 

In early 1943, Thomas began a relationship with Pamela Glendower; one of several affairs he had during his marriage. The affairs either ran out of steam or were halted after Caitlin discovered his infidelity.

 

In March 1943, Caitlin gave birth to a daughter, Aeronwy, in London. They lived in a run-down studio in Chelsea, made up of a single large room with a curtain to separate the kitchen.

 

The Thomas family made several escapes back to Wales during the war. Between 1941 and 1943, they lived intermittently in Plas Gelli, Talsarn, in Cardiganshire. Plas Gelli sits close by the River Aeron, after whom Aeronwy is thought to have been named. Some of Thomas’ letters from Gelli can be found in his 'Collected Letters'.

 

The Thomases shared the mansion with his childhood friends from Swansea, Vera and Evelyn Phillips. Vera's friendship with the Thomases in nearby New Quay is portrayed in the 2008 film, 'The Edge of Love'.

 

In July 1944, with the threat of German flying bombs landing on London, Thomas moved to the family cottage at Blaencwm near Llangain, Carmarthenshire, where he resumed writing poetry, completing 'Holy Spring' and 'Vision and Prayer'.

 

In September 1944, the Thomas family moved to New Quay in Cardiganshire (Ceredigion), where they rented Majoda, a wood and asbestos bungalow on the cliffs overlooking Cardigan Bay. It was here that Thomas wrote the radio piece 'Quite Early One Morning', a sketch for his later work, 'Under Milk Wood'.

 

Of the poetry written at this time, of note is 'Fern Hill', believed to have been started while living in New Quay, but completed at Blaencwm in mid-1945. Dylan's first biographer, Constantine FitzGibbon wrote that:

 

"His nine months in New Quay were a second

flowering, a period of fertility that recalls the

earliest days, with a great outpouring of poems

and a good deal of other material".

 

His second biographer, Paul Ferris, concurred:

 

"On the grounds of output, the bungalow

deserves a plaque of its own."

 

The Dylan Thomas scholar, Walford Davies, has noted that:

 

"New Quay was crucial in supplementing

the gallery of characters Thomas had to

hand for writing 'Under Milk Wood'."

 

-- Dylan Thomas's Broadcasting Years 1945–1949

 

Although Thomas had previously written for the BBC, it was a minor and intermittent source of income. In 1943, he wrote and recorded a 15-minute talk entitled 'Reminiscences of Childhood' for the Welsh BBC.

 

In December 1944, he recorded 'Quite Early One Morning' (produced by Aneirin Talfan Davies, again for the Welsh BBC), but when Davies offered it for national broadcast, BBC London initially turned it down.

 

However on the 31st. August 1945, the BBC Home Service broadcast 'Quite Early One Morning' nationally, and in the three subsequent years, Dylan made over a hundred broadcasts for the BBC, not only for his poetry readings, but for discussions and critiques.

 

In the second half of 1945, Dylan began reading for the BBC Radio programme, 'Book of Verse', that was broadcast weekly to the Far East. This provided Thomas with a regular income, and brought him into contact with Louis MacNeice, a congenial drinking companion whose advice Thomas cherished.

 

On the 29th. September 1946, the BBC began transmitting the Third Programme, a high-culture network which provided further opportunities for Thomas.

 

He appeared in the play 'Comus' for the Third Programme, the day after the network launched, and his rich, sonorous voice led to character parts, including the lead in Aeschylus's 'Agamemnon', and Satan in an adaptation of 'Paradise Lost'.

 

Thomas remained a popular guest on radio talk shows for the BBC, who stated:

 

"He is useful should a younger

generation poet be needed".

 

He had an uneasy relationship with BBC management, and a staff job was never an option, with drinking cited as the problem. Despite this, Thomas became a familiar radio voice and well-known celebrity within Great Britain.

 

By late September 1945, the Thomases had left Wales, and were living with various friends in London. In December, they moved to Oxford to live in a summerhouse on the banks of the Cherwell. It belonged to the historian, A. J. P. Taylor. His wife, Margaret, became Thomas’s most committed patron.

 

The publication of 'Deaths and Entrances' in February 1946 was a major turning point for Thomas. Poet and critic Walter J. Turner commented in The Spectator:

 

"This book alone, in my opinion,

ranks him as a major poet".

 

From 'In my Craft or Sullen Art,' 'Deaths and Entrances' (1946):

 

'Not for the proud man apart

From the raging moon, I write

On these spindrift pages

Nor for the towering dead

With their nightingales and psalms

But for the lovers, their arms

Round the griefs of the ages,

Who pay no praise or wages

Nor heed my craft or art'.

 

The following year, in April 1947, the Thomases travelled to Italy, after Thomas had been awarded a Society of Authors scholarship. They stayed first in villas near Rapallo and then Florence, before moving to a hotel in Rio Marina on the island of Elba.

 

On their return to England Thomas and his family moved, in September 1947, into the Manor House in South Leigh, just west of Oxford, found for him by Margaret Taylor.

 

He continued with his work for the BBC, completed a number of film scripts, and worked further on his ideas for 'Under Milk Wood'.

 

In March 1949 Thomas travelled to Prague. He had been invited by the Czech government to attend the inauguration of the Czechoslovak Writers' Union. Jiřina Hauková, who had previously published translations of some of Thomas' poems, was his guide and interpreter.

 

In her memoir, Hauková recalls that at a party in Prague, Thomas narrated the first version of his radio play 'Under Milk Wood.' She describes how he outlined the plot about a town that was declared insane, and then portrayed the predicament of an eccentric organist and a baker with two wives.

 

A month later, in May 1949, Thomas and his family moved to his final home, the Boat House at Laugharne, purchased for him at a cost of £2,500 in April 1949 by Margaret Taylor.

 

Thomas acquired a garage a hundred yards from the house on a cliff ledge which he turned into his writing shed, and where he wrote several of his most acclaimed poems. To see a photograph of the interior of Dylan's shed, please search for the tag 55DTW96

 

Just before moving into the Boat House, Thomas rented Pelican House opposite his regular drinking den, Brown's Hotel, for his parents. They both lived there from 1949 until Dylan's father 'D.J.' died on the 16th. December 1952. His mother continued to live there until 1953.

 

Caitlin gave birth to their third child, a boy named Colm Garan Hart, on the 25th. July 1949.

 

In October 1949, the New Zealand poet Allen Curnow came to visit Thomas at the Boat House, who took him to his writing shed. Curnow recalls:

 

"Dylan fished out a draft to show me

of the unfinished 'Under Milk Wood'

that was then called 'The Town That

Was Mad'."

 

-- Dylan Thomas's American tours, 1950–1953

 

(a) The First American Tour

 

The American poet John Brinnin invited Thomas to New York, where in 1950 they embarked on a lucrative three-month tour of arts centres and campuses.

 

The tour, which began in front of an audience of a thousand at the Kaufmann Auditorium in the Poetry Centre in New York, took in a further 40 venues. During the tour, Thomas was invited to many parties and functions, and on several occasions became drunk - going out of his way to shock people - and was a difficult guest.

 

Dylan drank before some of his readings, although it is argued that he may have pretended to be more affected by the alcohol than he actually was.

 

The writer Elizabeth Hardwick recalled how intoxicated a performer he could be, and how the tension would build before a performance:

 

"Would he arrive only to break

down on the stage?

Would some dismaying scene

take place at the faculty party?

Would he be offensive, violent,

obscene?"

 

Dylan's wife Caitlin said in her memoir:

 

"Nobody ever needed encouragement

less, and he was drowned in it."

 

On returning to Great Britain, Thomas began work on two further poems, 'In the White Giant's Thigh', which he read on the Third Programme in September 1950:

 

'Who once were a bloom of wayside

brides in the hawed house

And heard the lewd, wooed field

flow to the coming frost,

The scurrying, furred small friars

squeal in the dowse

Of day, in the thistle aisles, till the

white owl crossed.'

 

He also worked on the incomplete 'In Country Heaven'.

 

In October 1950, Thomas sent a draft of the first 39 pages of 'The Town That Was Mad' to the BBC. The task of seeing this work through to production was assigned to the BBC's Douglas Cleverdon, who had been responsible for casting Thomas in 'Paradise Lost'.

 

However, despite Cleverdon's urgings, the script slipped from Thomas's priorities, and in early 1951 he took a trip to Iran to work on a film for the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company. The film was never made, with Thomas returning to Wales in February, though his time there allowed him to provide a few minutes of material for a BBC documentary, 'Persian Oil'.

 

Early in 1951 Thomas wrote two poems, which Thomas's principal biographer, Paul Ferris, describes as "unusually blunt." One was the ribald 'Lament', and the other was an ode, in the form of a villanelle, to his dying father 'Do not go Gentle Into That Good Night". (A villanelle is a pastoral or lyrical poem of nineteen lines, with only two rhymes throughout, and some lines repeated).

 

Despite a range of wealthy patrons, including Margaret Taylor, Princess Marguerite Caetani and Marged Howard-Stepney, Thomas was still in financial difficulty, and he wrote several begging letters to notable literary figures, including the likes of T. S. Eliot.

 

Margaret Taylor was not keen on Thomas taking another trip to the United States, and thought that if he had a permanent address in London he would be able to gain steady work there. She bought a property, 54 Delancey Street, in Camden Town, and in late 1951 Thomas and Caitlin lived in the basement flat. Thomas described the flat as his "London House of Horror", and did not return there after his 1952 tour of America.

 

(b) The Second American Tour

 

Thomas undertook a second tour of the United States in 1952, this time with Caitlin - after she had discovered that he had been unfaithful on his earlier trip. They drank heavily, and Thomas began to suffer with gout and lung problems.

 

It was during this tour that the above photograph was taken.

 

The second tour was the most intensive of the four, taking in 46 engagements.

 

The trip also resulted in Thomas recording his first poetry to vinyl, which Caedmon Records released in America later that year. One of his works recorded during this time, 'A Child's Christmas in Wales', became his most popular prose work in America. The recording was a 2008 selection for the United States National Recording Registry, which stated that:

 

"It is credited with launching the

audiobook industry in the United

States".

 

(c) The Third American Tour

 

In April 1953, Thomas returned alone for a third tour of America. He performed a "work in progress" version of 'Under Milk Wood', solo, for the first time at Harvard University on the 3rd. May 1953. A week later, the work was performed with a full cast at the Poetry Centre in New York.

 

Dylan met the deadline only after being locked in a room by Brinnin's assistant, Liz Reitell, and was still editing the script on the afternoon of the performance; its last lines were handed to the actors as they put on their makeup.

 

During this penultimate tour, Thomas met the composer Igor Stravinsky. Igor had become an admirer of Dylan after having been introduced to his poetry by W. H. Auden. They had discussions about collaborating on a "musical theatrical work" for which Dylan would provide the libretto on the theme of:

 

"The rediscovery of love and

language in what might be left

after the world after the bomb."

 

The shock of Thomas's death later in the year moved Stravinsky to compose his 'In Memoriam Dylan Thomas' for tenor, string quartet and four trombones. The work's first performance in Los Angeles in 1954 was introduced with a tribute to Thomas from Aldous Huxley.

 

Thomas spent the last nine or ten days of his third tour in New York mostly in the company of Reitell, with whom he had an affair.

 

During this time, Thomas fractured his arm falling down a flight of stairs when drunk. Reitell's doctor, Milton Feltenstein, put his arm in plaster, and treated him for gout and gastritis.

 

After returning home, Thomas worked on 'Under Milk Wood' in Wales before sending the original manuscript to Douglas Cleverdon on the 15th. October 1953. It was copied and returned to Thomas, who lost it in a pub in London and required a duplicate to take to America.

 

(d) The Fourth American Tour

 

Thomas flew to the States on the 19th. October 1953 for what would be his final tour. He died in New York before the BBC could record 'Under Milk Wood'. Richard Burton featured in its first broadcast in 1954, and was joined by Elizabeth Taylor in a subsequent film. In 1954, the play won the Prix Italia for literary or dramatic programmes.

 

Thomas's last collection 'Collected Poems, 1934–1952', published when he was 38, won the Foyle poetry prize. Reviewing the volume, critic Philip Toynbee declared that:

 

"Thomas is the greatest living

poet in the English language".

 

There followed a series of distressing events for Dylan. His father died from pneumonia just before Christmas 1952. In the first few months of 1953, his sister died from liver cancer, one of his patrons took an overdose of sleeping pills, three friends died at an early age, and Caitlin had an abortion.

 

Thomas left Laugharne on the 9th. October 1953 on the first leg of his trip to America. He called on his mother, Florence, to say goodbye:

 

"He always felt that he had to get

out from this country because of

his chest being so bad."

 

Thomas had suffered from chest problems for most of his life, though they began in earnest soon after he moved in May 1949 to the Boat House at Laugharne - the "Bronchial Heronry", as he called it. Within weeks of moving in, he visited a local doctor, who prescribed medicine for both his chest and throat.

 

Whilst waiting in London before his flight in October 1953, Thomas stayed with the comedian Harry Locke and worked on 'Under Milk Wood'. Locke noted that Thomas was having trouble with his chest, with terrible coughing fits that made him go purple in the face. He was also using an inhaler to help his breathing.

 

There were reports, too, that Thomas was also having blackouts. His visit to the BBC producer Philip Burton a few days before he left for New York, was interrupted by a blackout. On his last night in London, he had another in the company of his fellow poet Louis MacNeice.

 

Thomas arrived in New York on the 20th. October 1953 to undertake further performances of 'Under Milk Wood', organised by John Brinnin, his American agent and Director of the Poetry Centre. Brinnin did not travel to New York, but remained in Boston in order to write.

 

He handed responsibility to his assistant, Liz Reitell, who was keen to see Thomas for the first time since their three-week romance early in the year. She met Thomas at Idlewild Airport and was shocked at his appearance. He looked pale, delicate and shaky, not his usual robust self:

 

"He was very ill when he got here."

 

After being taken by Reitell to check in at the Chelsea Hotel, Thomas took the first rehearsal of 'Under Milk Wood'. They then went to the White Horse Tavern in Greenwich Village, before returning to the Chelsea Hotel.

 

(Bob Dylan, formerly Robert Zimmerman, used to perform at the White Horse; Dylan Thomas was his favourite poet, and it is highly likely that Bob adopted Dylan's first name as his surname).

 

The next day, Reitell invited Thomas to her apartment, but he declined. They went sightseeing, but Thomas felt unwell, and retired to his bed for the rest of the afternoon. Reitell gave him half a grain (32.4 milligrams) of phenobarbitone to help him sleep, and spent the night at the hotel with him.

 

Two days later, on the 23rd. October 1953, at the third rehearsal, Thomas said he was too ill to take part, but he struggled on, shivering and burning with fever, before collapsing on the stage.

 

The next day, 24th. October, Reitell took Thomas to see her doctor, Milton Feltenstein, who administered cortisone injections. Thomas made it through the first performance that evening, but collapsed immediately afterwards.

 

Dylan told a friend who had come back-stage:

 

"This circus out there has taken

the life out of me for now."

 

Reitell later said:

 

"Feltenstein was rather a wild doctor

who thought injections would cure

anything".

 

At the next performance on the 25th. October, his fellow actors realised that Thomas was very ill:

 

"He was desperately ill…we didn’t think

that he would be able to do the last

performance because he was so ill…

Dylan literally couldn’t speak he was so

ill…still my greatest memory of it is that

he had no voice."

 

On the evening of the 27th. October, Thomas attended his 39th. birthday party, but felt unwell, and returned to his hotel after an hour. The next day, he took part in 'Poetry and the Film', a recorded symposium at Cinema 16.

 

A turning point came on the 2nd. November. Air pollution in New York had risen significantly, and exacerbated chest illnesses such as Thomas's. By the end of the month, over 200 New Yorkers had died from the smog.

 

On the 3rd. November, Thomas spent most of the day in his room, entertaining various friends. He went out in the evening to keep two drink appointments. After returning to the hotel, he went out again for a drink at 2 am. After drinking at the White Horse, Thomas returned to the Hotel Chelsea, declaring:

 

"I've had eighteen straight

whiskies. I think that's the

record!"

 

However the barman and the owner of the pub who served him later commented that Thomas could not have drunk more than half that amount, although the barman could have been trying to exonerate himself from any blame.

 

Thomas had an appointment at a clam house in New Jersey with Todd on the 4th. November. When Todd telephoned the Chelsea that morning, Thomas said he was feeling ill, and postponed the engagement. Todd thought that Dylan sounded "terrible".

 

The poet, Harvey Breit, was another to phone that morning. He thought that Thomas sounded "bad". Thomas' voice, recalled Breit, was "low and hoarse". Harvey had wanted to say:

 

"You sound as though from the tomb".

 

However instead Harvey told Thomas that he sounded like Louis Armstrong.

 

Later, Thomas went drinking with Reitell at the White Horse and, feeling sick again, returned to the hotel. Dr. Feltenstein came to see him three times that day, administering the cortisone secretant ACTH by injection and, on his third visit, half a grain (32.4 milligrams) of morphine sulphate, which affected Thomas' breathing.

 

Reitell became increasingly concerned, and telephoned Feltenstein for advice. He suggested that she get male assistance, so she called upon the artist Jack Heliker, who arrived before 11 pm. At midnight on the 5th. November, Thomas's breathing became more difficult, and his face turned blue.

 

Reitell phoned Feltenstein who arrived at the hotel at about 1 am, and called for an ambulance. It then took another hour for the ambulance to arrive at St. Vincent's, even though it was only a few blocks from the Chelsea.

 

Thomas was admitted to the emergency ward at St Vincent's Hospital at 1:58 am. He was comatose, and his medical notes stated that:

 

"The impression upon admission was acute

alcoholic encephalopathy damage to the brain

by alcohol, for which the patient was treated

without response".

 

Feltenstein then took control of Thomas's care, even though he did not have admitting rights at St. Vincent's. The hospital's senior brain specialist, Dr. C. G. Gutierrez-Mahoney, was not called to examine Thomas until the afternoon of the 6th. November, thirty-six hours after Thomas' admission.

 

Dylan's wife Caitlin flew to America the following day, and was taken to the hospital, by which time a tracheotomy had been performed. Her reported first words were:

 

"Is the bloody man dead yet?"

 

Caitlin was allowed to see Thomas only for 40 minutes in the morning, but returned in the afternoon and, in a drunken rage, threatened to kill John Brinnin. When she became uncontrollable, she was put in a straitjacket and committed, by Feltenstein, to the River Crest private psychiatric detox clinic on Long Island.

 

It is now believed that Thomas had been suffering from bronchitis, pneumonia and emphysema before his admission to St Vincent's. In their 2004 paper, 'Death by Neglect', D. N. Thomas and Dr Simon Barton disclose that Thomas was found to have pneumonia when he was admitted to hospital in a coma.

 

Doctors took three hours to restore his breathing, using artificial respiration and oxygen. Summarising their findings, they conclude:

 

"The medical notes indicate that, on admission,

Dylan's bronchial disease was found to be very

extensive, affecting upper, mid and lower lung

fields, both left and right."

 

The forensic pathologist, Professor Bernard Knight, concurs:

 

"Death was clearly due to a severe lung infection

with extensive advanced bronchopneumonia.

The severity of the chest infection, with greyish

consolidated areas of well-established pneumonia,

suggests that it had started before admission to

hospital."

 

Thomas died at noon on the 9th. November 1953, having never recovered from his coma. He was 39 years of age when he died.

 

-- Aftermath of Dylan Thomas's Death

 

Rumours circulated of a brain haemorrhage, followed by competing reports of a mugging, or even that Thomas had drunk himself to death. Later, speculation arose about drugs and diabetes.

 

At the post-mortem, the pathologist found three causes of death - pneumonia, brain swelling and a fatty liver. Despite Dylan's heavy drinking, his liver showed no sign of cirrhosis.

 

The publication of John Brinnin's 1955 biography 'Dylan Thomas in America' cemented Thomas's legacy as the "doomed poet". Brinnin focuses on Thomas's last few years, and paints a picture of him as a drunk and a philanderer.

 

Later biographies have criticised Brinnin's view, especially his coverage of Thomas's death. David Thomas in 'Fatal Neglect: Who Killed Dylan Thomas?' claims that Brinnin, along with Reitell and Feltenstein, were culpable.

 

FitzGibbon's 1965 biography ignores Thomas's heavy drinking and skims over his death, giving just two pages in his detailed book to Thomas's demise.

 

Ferris in his 1989 biography includes Thomas's heavy drinking, but is more critical of those around him in his final days, and does not draw the conclusion that he drank himself to death.

 

Many sources have criticised Feltenstein's role and actions, especially his incorrect diagnosis of delirium tremens and the high dose of morphine he administered. Dr C. G. de Gutierrez-Mahoney, the doctor who treated Thomas while at St. Vincent's, concluded that Feltenstein's failure to see that Thomas was gravely ill and have him admitted to hospital sooner was even more culpable than his use of morphine.

 

Caitlin Thomas's autobiographies, 'Caitlin Thomas - Leftover Life to Kill' (1957) and 'My Life with Dylan Thomas: Double Drink Story' (1997), describe the effects of alcohol on the poet and on their relationship:

 

"Ours was not only a love story, it was

a drink story, because without alcohol

it would never had got on its rocking

feet. The bar was our altar."

 

Biographer Andrew Lycett ascribed the decline in Thomas's health to an alcoholic co-dependent relationship with his wife, who deeply resented his extramarital affairs.

 

In contrast, Dylan biographers Andrew Sinclair and George Tremlett express the view that Thomas was not an alcoholic. Tremlett argues that many of Thomas's health issues stemmed from undiagnosed diabetes.

 

Thomas died intestate, with assets worth £100. His body was brought back to Wales for burial in the village churchyard at Laugharne. Dylan's funeral, which Brinnin did not attend, took place at St Martin's Church in Laugharne on the 24th. November 1953.

 

Six friends from the village carried Thomas's coffin. Caitlin, without her customary hat, walked behind the coffin, with his childhood friend Daniel Jones at her arm and her mother by her side. The procession to the church was filmed, and the wake took place at Brown's Hotel. Thomas's fellow poet and long-time friend Vernon Watkins wrote The Times obituary.

 

Thomas's widow, Caitlin, died in 1994, and was laid to rest alongside him. Dylan's mother Florence died in August 1958. Thomas's elder son, Llewelyn, died in 2000, his daughter, Aeronwy in 2009, and his youngest son Colm in 2012.

 

-- Dylan Thomas's Poetry

 

Thomas's refusal to align with any literary group or movement has made him and his work difficult to categorise. Although influenced by the modern symbolism and surrealism movements, he refused to follow such creeds. Instead, critics view Thomas as part of the modernism and romanticism movements, though attempts to pigeon-hole him within a particular neo-romantic school have been unsuccessful.

 

Elder Olson, in his 1954 critical study of Thomas's poetry, wrote:

 

"There is a further characteristic which

distinguished Thomas's work from that

of other poets. It was unclassifiable."

 

Olson went on to say that in a postmodern age that continually attempted to demand that poetry have social reference, none could be found in Thomas's work, and that his work was so obscure that critics could not analyse it.

 

Thomas's verbal style played against strict verse forms, such as in the villanelle 'Do not go Gentle Into That Good Night'.

 

His images appear carefully ordered in a patterned sequence, and his major theme was the unity of all life, the continuing process of life and death, and new life that linked the generations.

 

Thomas saw biology as a magical transformation producing unity out of diversity, and in his poetry sought a poetic ritual to celebrate this unity. He saw men and women locked in cycles of growth, love, procreation, new growth, death, and new life. Therefore, each image engenders its opposite.

 

Thomas derived his closely woven, sometimes self-contradictory images from the Bible, Welsh folklore, preaching, and Sigmund Freud. Explaining the source of his imagery, Thomas wrote in a letter to Glyn Jones:

 

"My own obscurity is quite an unfashionable one,

based, as it is, on a preconceived symbolism

derived (I'm afraid all this sounds woolly and

pretentious) from the cosmic significance of the

human anatomy".

 

Thomas's early poetry was noted for its verbal density, alliteration, sprung rhythm and internal rhyme, and some critics detected the influence of the English poet Gerard Manley Hopkins. Hopkins, had taught himself Welsh, and used sprung verse, bringing some features of Welsh poetic metre into his work.

 

However when Henry Treece wrote to Thomas comparing his style to that of Hopkins, Thomas wrote back denying any such influence. Thomas greatly admired Thomas Hardy, who is regarded as an influence. When Thomas travelled in America, he recited some of Hardy's work in his readings.

 

Other poets from whom critics believe Thomas drew influence include James Joyce, Arthur Rimbaud and D. H. Lawrence.

 

William York Tindall, in his 1962 study, 'A Reader's Guide to Dylan Thomas', finds comparison between Thomas's and Joyce's wordplay, while he notes the themes of rebirth and nature are common to the works of Lawrence and Thomas.

 

Although Thomas described himself as the "Rimbaud of Cwmdonkin Drive", he stated that the phrase "Swansea's Rimbaud" was coined by the poet Roy Campbell.

 

Critics have explored the origins of Thomas's mythological pasts in his works such as 'The Orchards', which Ann Elizabeth Mayer believes reflects the Welsh myths of the Mabinogion.

 

Thomas's poetry is notable for its musicality, most clear in 'Fern Hill', 'In Country Sleep', 'Ballad of the Long-legged Bait' and 'In the White Giant's Thigh' from Under Milk Wood.

 

Thomas once confided that the poems which had most influenced him were Mother Goose rhymes which his parents taught him when he was a child:

 

"I should say I wanted to write poetry in the

beginning because I had fallen in love with

words.

The first poems I knew were nursery rhymes,

and before I could read them for myself I had

come to love the words of them. The words

alone.

What the words stood for was of a very

secondary importance ... I fell in love, that is

the only expression I can think of, at once,

and am still at the mercy of words, though

sometimes now, knowing a little of their

behaviour very well, I think I can influence

them slightly and have even learned to beat

them now and then, which they appear to

enjoy.

I tumbled for words at once. And, when I began

to read the nursery rhymes for myself, and, later,

to read other verses and ballads, I knew that I

had discovered the most important things, to

me, that could be ever."

 

Thomas became an accomplished writer of prose poetry, with collections such as 'Portrait of the Artist as a Young Dog' (1940) and 'Quite Early One Morning' (1954) showing he was capable of writing moving short stories. His first published prose work, 'After the Fair', appeared in The New English Weekly on the 15th. March 1934.

 

Jacob Korg believes that one can classify Thomas's fiction work into two main bodies:

 

-- Vigorous fantasies in a poetic style

-- After 1939, more straightforward

narratives.

 

Korg surmises that Thomas approached his prose writing as an alternate poetic form, which allowed him to produce complex, involuted narratives that do not allow the reader to rest.

 

-- Dylan Thomas as a Welsh Poet

 

Thomas disliked being regarded as a provincial poet, and decried any notion of 'Welshness' in his poetry. When he wrote to Stephen Spender in 1952, thanking him for a review of his Collected Poems, he added:

 

"Oh, & I forgot. I'm not influenced by

Welsh bardic poetry. I can't read Welsh."

 

Despite this, his work was rooted in the geography of Wales. Thomas acknowledged that he returned to Wales when he had difficulty writing, and John Ackerman argues that:

 

"Dylan's inspiration and imagination

were rooted in his Welsh background".

 

Caitlin Thomas wrote that:

 

"He worked in a fanatically narrow groove,

although there was nothing narrow about

the depth and understanding of his feelings.

The groove of direct hereditary descent in

the land of his birth, which he never in

thought, and hardly in body, moved out of."

 

Head of Programmes Wales at the BBC, Aneirin Talfan Davies, who commissioned several of Thomas's early radio talks, believed that the poet's whole attitude is that of the medieval bards.

 

Kenneth O. Morgan counter-argues that it is a difficult enterprise to find traces of cynghanedd (consonant harmony) or cerdd dafod (tongue-craft) in Thomas's poetry. Instead he believes that Dylan's work, especially his earlier, more autobiographical poems, are rooted in a changing country which echoes the Welshness of the past and the Anglicisation of the new industrial nation:

 

"Rural and urban, chapel-going and profane,

Welsh and English, unforgiving and deeply

compassionate."

 

Fellow poet and critic Glyn Jones believed that any traces of cynghanedd in Thomas's work were accidental, although he felt that Dylan consciously employed one element of Welsh metrics: that of counting syllables per line instead of feet. Constantine Fitzgibbon, who was his first in-depth biographer, wrote:

 

"No major English poet has

ever been as Welsh as Dylan".

 

Although Dylan had a deep connection with Wales, he disliked Welsh nationalism. He once wrote:

 

"Land of my fathers, and

my fathers can keep it".

 

While often attributed to Thomas himself, this line actually comes from the character Owen Morgan-Vaughan, in the screenplay Thomas wrote for the 1948 British melodrama 'The Three Weird Sisters'.

 

Robert Pocock, a friend from the BBC, recalled:

 

"I only once heard Dylan express an

opinion on Welsh Nationalism.

He used three words. Two of them

were Welsh Nationalism."

 

Although not expressed as strongly, Glyn Jones believed that he and Thomas's friendship cooled in the later years because he had not rejected enough of the elements that Thomas disliked, i.e. "Welsh nationalism and a sort of hill farm morality".

 

Apologetically, in a letter to Keidrych Rhys, editor of the literary magazine 'Wales', Thomas's father wrote:

 

"I'm afraid Dylan isn't much

of a Welshman".

 

FitzGibbon asserts that Thomas's negativity towards Welsh nationalism was fostered by his father's hostility towards the Welsh language.

 

Critical Appraisal of Dylan Thomas's Work

 

Thomas's work and stature as a poet have been much debated by critics and biographers since his death. Critical studies have been clouded by Thomas's personality and mythology, especially his drunken persona and death in New York.

 

When Seamus Heaney gave an Oxford lecture on the poet, he opened by addressing the assembly:

 

"Dylan Thomas is now as much

a case history as a chapter in the

history of poetry".

 

He queried how 'Thomas the Poet' is one of his forgotten attributes. David Holbrook, who has written three books about Thomas, stated in his 1962 publication 'Llareggub Revisited':

 

"The strangest feature of Dylan Thomas's

notoriety - not that he is bogus, but that

attitudes to poetry attached themselves

to him which not only threaten the prestige,

effectiveness and accessibility to English

poetry, but also destroyed his true voice

and, at last, him."

 

The Poetry Archive notes that:

 

"Dylan Thomas's detractors accuse him

of being drunk on language as well as

whiskey, but whilst there's no doubt that

the sound of language is central to his

style, he was also a disciplined writer

who re-drafted obsessively".

 

Many critics have argued that Thomas's work is too narrow, and that he suffers from verbal extravagance. However those who have championed his work have found the criticism baffling. Robert Lowell wrote in 1947:

 

"Nothing could be more wrongheaded

than the English disputes about Dylan

Thomas's greatness ... He is a dazzling

obscure writer who can be enjoyed

without understanding."

 

Kenneth Rexroth said, on reading 'Eighteen Poems':

 

"The reeling excitement of a poetry-intoxicated

schoolboy smote the Philistine as hard a blow

with one small book as Swinburne had with

Poems and Ballads."

 

Philip Larkin, in a letter to Kingsley Amis in 1948, wrote that:

 

"No one can stick words into us

like pins... like Thomas can".

 

However he followed that by stating that:

 

"Dylan doesn't use his words

to any advantage".

 

Amis was far harsher, finding little of merit in Dylan's work, and claiming that:

 

"He is frothing at the mouth

with piss."

 

In 1956, the publication of the anthology 'New Lines' featuring works by the British collective The Movement, which included Amis and Larkin amongst its number, set out a vision of modern poetry that was damning towards the poets of the 1940's. Thomas's work in particular was criticised. David Lodge, writing about The Movement in 1981 stated:

 

"Dylan Thomas was made to stand for

everything they detest, verbal obscurity,

metaphysical pretentiousness, and

romantic rhapsodizing".

 

Despite criticism by sections of academia, Thomas's work has been embraced by readers more so than many of his contemporaries, and is one of the few modern poets whose name is recognised by the general public.

 

In 2009, over 18,000 votes were cast in a BBC poll to find the UK's favourite poet; Thomas was placed 10th.

 

Several of Dylan's poems have passed into the cultural mainstream, and his work has been used by authors, musicians and film and television writers.

 

The long-running BBC Radio programme, 'Desert Island Discs', in which guests usually choose their favourite songs, has heard 50 participants select a Dylan Thomas recording.

 

John Goodby states that this popularity with the reading public allows Thomas's work to be classed as vulgar and common. He also cites that despite a brief period during the 1960's when Thomas was considered a cultural icon, the poet has been marginalized in critical circles due to his exuberance, in both life and work, and his refusal to know his place.

 

Goodby believes that Thomas has been mainly snubbed since the 1970's and has become: "... an embarrassment to twentieth-century poetry criticism", his work failing to fit standard narratives, and thus being ignored rather than studied.

 

-- Memorials to Dylan Thomas

 

In Swansea's maritime quarter is the Dylan Thomas Theatre, the home of the Swansea Little Theatre of which Thomas was once a member. The former Guildhall built in 1825 is now occupied by the Dylan Thomas Centre, a literature centre, where exhibitions and lectures are held and which is a setting for the annual Dylan Thomas Festival. Outside the centre stands a bronze statue of Thomas by John Doubleday.

 

Another monument to Thomas stands in Cwmdonkin Park, one of Dylan's favourite childhood haunts, close to his birthplace. The memorial is a small rock in an enclosed garden within the park, cut by and inscribed by the late sculptor Ronald Cour with the closing lines from Fern Hill:

 

'Oh as I was young and easy

in the mercy of his means

Time held me green and dying

Though I sang in my chains like

the sea'.

 

Thomas's home in Laugharne, the Boathouse, is now a museum run by Carmarthenshire County Council. Thomas's writing shed is also preserved.

 

In 2004, the Dylan Thomas Prize was created in his honour, awarded to the best published writer in English under the age of 30. In 2005, the Dylan Thomas Screenplay Award was established. The prize, administered by the Dylan Thomas Centre, is awarded at the annual Swansea Bay Film Festival.

 

In 1982 a plaque was unveiled in Poets' Corner, Westminster Abbey. The plaque is also inscribed with the last two lines of 'Fern Hill'.

 

In 2014, the Royal Patron of The Dylan Thomas 100 Festival was Charles, Prince of Wales, who made a recording of 'Fern Hill' for the event.

 

In 2014, to celebrate the centenary of Thomas's birth, the British Council Wales undertook a year-long programme of cultural and educational works. Highlights included a touring replica of Thomas's work shed, Sir Peter Blake's exhibition of illustrations based on 'Under Milk Wood', and a 36-hour marathon of readings, which included Michael Sheen and Sir Ian McKellen performing Thomas's work.

 

Towamensing Trails, Pennsylvania named one of its streets, Thomas Lane, in Dylan's honour.

 

-- List of Works by Dylan Thomas

 

-- 'The Collected Poems of Dylan Thomas: The New Centenary Edition', edited and with Introduction by John Goodby. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2014.

-- 'The Notebook Poems 1930–34', edited by Ralph Maud. London: Dent, 1989.

-- 'Dylan Thomas: The Film Scripts', edited by John Ackerman. London: Dent 1995.

-- 'Dylan Thomas: Early Prose Writings', edited by Walford Davies. London: Dent 1971.

-- 'Collected Stories', edited by Walford Davies. London: Dent, 1983.

-- 'Under Milk Wood: A Play for Voices', edited by Walford Davies and Ralph Maud. London: Dent, 1995.

-- 'On The Air With Dylan Thomas: The Broadcasts', edited by Ralph Maud. New York: New Directions, 1991.

 

-- Correspondence

 

-- 'Dylan Thomas: The Collected Letters', edited by Paul Ferris (2017), 2 vols. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson

Vol I: 1931–1939

Vol II: 1939–1953.

-- 'Letters to Vernon Watkins', edited by Vernon Watkins (1957). London: Dent.

 

-- Posthumous Film Adaptations

 

-- 2016: Dominion, written and directed by Steven Bernstein, examines the final hours of Dylan Thomas.

-- 2014: Set Fire to the Stars, with Thomas portrayed by Celyn Jones, and John Brinnin by Elijah Wood.

-- 2014: Under Milk Wood BBC, starring Charlotte Church, Tom Jones, Griff Rhys-Jones and Michael Sheen.

-- 2014: Interstellar. The poem is featured throughout the film as a recurring theme regarding the perseverance of humanity.

-- 2009: A Child's Christmas in Wales, BAFTA Best Short Film. Animation, with soundtrack in Welsh and English. Director: Dave Unwin. Extras include filmed comments from Aeronwy Thomas.

-- 2007: Dylan Thomas: A War Films Anthology (DDHE/IWM).

-- 1996: Independence Day. Before the attack, the President paraphrases Thomas's "Do not go Gentle Into That Good Night".

-- 1992: Rebecca's Daughters, starring Peter O'Toole and Joely Richardson.

-- 1987: A Child's Christmas in Wales, directed by Don McBrearty.

-- 1972: Under Milk Wood, starring Richard Burton, Elizabeth Taylor, and Peter O'Toole.

 

-- Opera Adaptation

 

-- 1973: Unter dem Milchwald, by German composer Walter Steffens on his own libretto using Erich Fried's translation of 'Under Milk Wood' into German, Hamburg State Opera. Also at the Staatstheater Kassel in 1977.

 

-- Final Thoughts From Dylan Thomas

 

"Somebody's boring me.

I think it's me."

 

"Do not go gentle into that good night,

Old age should burn and rave at close of day;

Rage, rage against the dying of the light."

 

"When one burns one's bridges,

what a very nice fire it makes."

 

"I think, that if I touched the earth,

It would crumble; It is so sad and

beautiful, so tremulously like a dream."

 

"An alcoholic is someone you don't

like, who drinks as much as you do."

 

"I hold a beast, an angel, and a madman in me,

and my enquiry is as to their working, and my

problem is their subjugation and victory, down

throw and upheaval, and my effort is their self-

expression."

 

"The only sea I saw was the seesaw sea

with you riding on it. Lie down, lie easy.

Let me shipwreck in your thighs."

 

"Why do men think you can pick love up

and re-light it like a candle? Women know

when love is over."

 

"Poetry is not the most important thing in life.

I'd much rather lie in a hot bath reading

Agatha Christie and sucking sweets."

 

"And now, gentlemen, like your manners,

I must leave you."

 

"My education was the liberty I had to read

indiscriminately and all the time, with my eyes

hanging out."

 

"I'm a freak user of words, not a poet."

 

"Our discreditable secret is that we don't

know anything at all, and our horrid inner

secret is that we don't care that we don't."

 

"It snowed last year too: I made a snowman

and my brother knocked it down and I knocked

my brother down and then we had tea."

 

"Though lovers be lost love shall not."

 

"Man’s wants remain unsatisfied till death.

Then, when his soul is naked, is he one

with the man in the wind, and the west moon,

with the harmonious thunder of the sun."

 

"And books which told me everything

about the wasp, except why."

 

"We are not wholly bad or good, who

live our lives under Milk Wood."

 

"Love is the last light spoken."

 

"... an ugly, lovely town ... crawling, sprawling ...

by the side of a long and splendid curving

shore. This sea-town was my world."

 

"I do not need any friends. I prefer enemies.

They are better company, and their feelings

towards you are always genuine."

 

"This poem has been called obscure. I refuse

to believe that it is obscurer than pity, violence,

or suffering. But being a poem, not a lifetime,

it is more compressed."

 

"One: I am a Welshman; two: I am a drunkard;

three: I am a lover of the human race, especially

of women."

 

"I believe in New Yorkers. Whether they've ever

questioned the dream in which they live, I wouldn't

know, because I won't ever dare ask that question."

 

"These poems, with all their crudities, doubts and

confusions, are written for the love of man and in

praise of God, and I'd be a damn fool if they weren't."

 

"Before you let the sun in, mind he wipes his shoes."

 

"Nothing grows in our garden, only washing.

And babies."

 

"Make gentle the life of this world."

 

"A worm tells summer better than the clock,

the slug's a living calendar of days; what shall

it tell me if a timeless insect says the world

wears away?"

 

"Time passes. Listen. Time passes. Come

closer now. Only you can hear the houses

sleeping in the streets in the slow deep salt

and silent black, bandaged night."

 

"Rhianon, he said, hold my hand, Rhianon.

She did not hear him, but stood over his bed

and fixed him with an unbroken sorrow. Hold

my hand, he said, and then: Why are you

putting the sheet over my face?"

 

"Come on up, boys - I'm dead."

 

"Life is a terrible thing, thank God."

"Maybe the exhibition will amaze you, maybe even shock you. But one thing is for sure, it will not leave you indifferent".

 

Exhibition "Bodies 2,0 -The amazing universe within us"

 

The scientific and educational exhibition presents the real human anatomy, with 15 bodies and 200 organs. The bodies of real humans were treated by complicated procedure. The result is the insight to complicated and fascinating anatomy of human body.

More than 25 millions of visitors all over the world have seen this intriguing exhibition, that will stay in Zagreb till June 20th 2021.

The first exhibition of this type was presented in 1985 in Tokio. Gunther von Hagens developed the technique of plastination to preserve the human body. He presented the exhibition all over the world, with the goal: to educate people about human body, that previously was the privilege of doctors, pathologists.

bodies-izlozba.hr/en/the-exhibition/

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunther_von_Hagens

  

"Možete se oduševiti, može vas šokirati, no jedno je sigurno – neće vas ostaviti ravnodušnim"!

 

Izložba "Bodies 2,0 -veličanstveni svemir u nama"

 

Znanstvena i edukativna izložba prikazuje stvarnu ljudsku anatomiju, sa 15 tijela i 200 organa. Tijela stvarnih ljudi obrađena su složenim postupkom. Rezultat je uvid u složenu i zadivoljujuću anatomiju ljudskog tijela.

Ovu je intrigantnu izložbu vidjelo preko 25 milijuna ljudi širom svijeta, a ostaje u Zagrebu do 20.lipnja 2021.

Prva izložba ove vrste predstavljena je 1985. u Tokiju. Gunther von Hagens razvio je tehniku plastinacije kako bi sačuvao ljudsko tijelo. Izložbu je predstavio po cijelom svijetu, s ciljem: educirati ljude o ljudskom tijelu, što je prije bila privilegija liječnika, patologa.

bodies-izlozba.hr/o-izlozbi/

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunther_von_Hagens

 

Killer Lake for forensic pathologists...!;-)

I will definitely be around to see you on Tuesday, but I may be around as early as late tomorrow. My youngest grandson, Gavin Jenkins, is having tubes inserted into his ears tomorrow morning, and we're heading over to Cambridge today. Gavin has a fluid build up in his ears, and his speech is also somewhat delayed. I think the surgery will go far toward correcting both problems.

 

I look forward to uploading the images I promised and to telling the stories of my two uncles, killed in two wars almost thirty years apart.

 

In Flanders fields, the poppies blow

Between the crosses, row on row,

That mark our place; and in the sky

The larks, still bravely singing, fly

Scarce heard amid the guns below...

We are the Dead. Short days ago

We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow,

Loved, and were loved, and now we lie

In Flanders fields...

Take up our quarrel with the foe:

To you from failing hands we throw

The torch; be yours to hold it high.

If ye break faith with us who die

We shall not sleep, though poppies grow

In Flanders fields...

 

Videos related to the writing of the poem

www.histori.ca/minutes/minute.do?id=10200

www.dailymotion.com/video/x4kod9_john-mccrae-flanders-fie...

 

Armistice Day occurs next Tuesday… “at the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month”. My father's brother, John Barber, died in 1917 when a stove exploded in a Belgian army camp. My mother’s brother, Bill Watson, was killed on July 23, 1944, when the Wellington Mk X bomber in which he was navigator ditched into the Irish Sea while on a training mission. All on board were killed.

 

I decided it would be fitting to travel the short distance to Guelph, Ontario, to visit the birthplace of Lt. Col. John McCrae, who penned “In Flanders Fields” on a piece of paper held tightly to the back of his friend, Colonel Lawrence Cosgrave while they were in the trenches during a lull in the bombings on May 3, 1915. McCrae had witnessed the death of his friend, Lieutenant Alexis Helmer, the day before. The poem was first published on December 8, 1915 in Punch magazine, London.

 

The light wasn’t the best for my photoshoot, since the front of the house receives very little sunlight at any point during the day. Did my best. Someday I'll redo it when the skies are overcast.

 

Over the next week, I will be posting images taken during the visit. I will also be posting pictures of Uncle Bill and Uncle John, as well as of Bill’s flight crew. I will tell as much of their stories as I know.

 

From my set entitled “John McCrae Birthplace” (under preparation)

www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/sets/72157608733775580/

In my collection entitled “Places”

www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/collections/7215760074...

In my photostream

www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/

 

Reproduced from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McCrae

Lieutenant Colonel John Alexander McCrae (November 30, 1872 – January 28, 1918) was a Canadian poet, physician, author, artist and soldier during World War I and a surgeon during the battle of Ypres. He is best known for writing the famous war memorial poem In Flanders Fields.

 

McCrae was born in McCrae House in Guelph, Ontario, the grandson of Scottish immigrants. He attended the Guelph Collegiate Vocational Institute. John became a member of the Guelph militia regiment.

 

McCrae worked on his BA at the University of Toronto from 1892-3. He took a year off his studies at the University of Toronto due to recurring problems with asthma.

 

He was a member of the Toronto militia, The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada while studying at the University of Toronto, during which time he was promoted to Captain and commanded the company.

 

Among his papers in the John McCrae House in Guelph, Ontario is a letter John McCrae wrote on July 18, 1893 to Laura Kains while he trained as an artilleryman at the Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston, Ontario. "...I have a manservant .. Quite a nobby place it is, in fact .. My windows look right out across the bay, and are just near the water’s edge; there is a good deal of shipping at present in the port; and the river looks very pretty.’ [1]

 

He was a resident master in English and Mathematics in 1894 at the OAC in Guelph, Ontario. [2]

 

He returned to the University of Toronto and completed his B.A. McCrae later studied medicine on a scholarship at the University of Toronto. While attending the university he joined the Zeta Psi Fraternity (Theta Xi chapter; class of 1894) and published his first poems.

 

He completed a medical residency at the Garrett Hospital, a Maryland children's convalescent home. [2]

 

In 1902, he was appointed resident pathologist at Montreal General Hospital and later also became assistant pathologist to the Royal Victoria Hospital Montreal. In 1904, he was appointed an associate in medicine at the Royal Victoria Hospital. Later that year, he went to England where he studied for several months and became a member of the Royal College of Physicians.

 

In 1905, he set up his own practice although he continued to work and lecture at several hospitals. He was appointed pathologist to the Montreal Foundling and Baby Hospital in 1905. In 1908, he was appointed physician to the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Infectious Diseases.

 

In 1910, he accompanied Lord Grey, the Governor General of Canada, on a canoe trip to Hudson Bay to serve as expedition physician .

 

McCrae served in the artillery during the Second Boer War, and upon his return was appointed professor of pathology at the University of Vermont, where he taught until 1911 (although he also taught at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec)

 

When the United Kingdom declared war on Germany at the start of World War I, Canada, as a Dominion within the British Empire, declared war as well. McCrae was appointed as a field surgeon in the Canadian artillery and was in charge of a field hospital during the Second Battle of Ypres in 1915. McCrae's friend and former student, Lt. Alexis Helmer, was killed in the battle, and his burial inspired the poem, In Flanders Fields, which was written on May 3, 1915 and first published in Punch Magazine, London.

 

From June 1, 1915 McCrae was ordered away from the artillery to set up No. 3 Canadian General Hospital at Dannes-Camiers near Boulogne-sur-Mer, northern France. C.L.C. Allinson reported that McCrae "most unmilitarily told [me] what he thought of being transferred to the medicals and being pulled away from his beloved guns. His last words to me were: 'Allinson, all the goddam doctors in the world will not win this bloody war: what we need is more and more fighting men.'"[3]

 

'In Flanders Fields' appeared anonymously in Punch on December 8, 1915, but in the index to that year McCrae was named as the author. The verses swiftly became one of the most popular poems of the war, used in countless fund-raising campaigns and frequently translated (a Latin version begins In agro belgico...). 'In Flanders Fields' was also extensively printed in the United States, which was contemplating joining the war, alongside a 'reply' by R. W. Lillard, ("...Fear not that you have died for naught, / The torch ye threw to us we caught...").

 

For eight months the hospital operated in Durbar tents (donated by the Begum of Bhopal and shipped from India), but after suffering storms, floods and frosts it was moved up to Boulogne-sur-Mer into the old Jesuit College in February 1916.

 

McCrae, now "a household name, albeit a frequently misspelt one",[4] regarded his sudden fame with some amusement, wishing that "they would get to printing 'In F.F.' correctly: it never is nowadays"; but (writes his biographer) "he was satisfied if the poem enabled men to see where their duty lay."[5]

 

On January 28, 1918, while still commanding No 3 Canadian General Hospital (McGill) at Boulogne, McCrae died of pneumonia. He was buried with full honours[6] in the Commonwealth War Graves Commission section of Wimereux Cemetery, just a couple of kilometres up the coast from Boulogne. McCrae's horse, "Bonfire", led the procession, his master's riding boots reversed in the stirrups. McCrae's gravestone is placed flat, as are all the others, because of the sandy soil.

 

McCrae was the co-author, with J. G. Adami, of a medical textbook, A Text-Book of Pathology for Students of Medicine (1912; 2nd ed., 1914). He was the brother of Dr. Thomas McCrae, professor of medicine at John Hopkins Medical School in Baltimore and close associate of Sir William Osler.

 

McCrae was the great uncle of former Alberta MP David Kilgour and of Kilgour's sister Geills Turner, who married former Canadian Prime Minister John Napier Turner.

 

Several institutions have been named in McCrae's honour, including John McCrae Public School (part of the York Region District School Board in the Toronto suburb of Markham, Ontario), John McCrae Public School (in Guelph, Ontario), John McCrae Senior Public School (in Scarborough, Ontario) and John McCrae Secondary School (part of the Ottawa-Carleton District School Board in the Ottawa suburb of Barrhaven). The current Canadian War Museum has a gallery for special exhibits, called the The Lieutenant-Colonel John McCrae Gallery. Guelph is home to McCrae House, a museum created in his birthplace.

 

The Cloth Hall of the city of Ieper (Ypres in English} in Belgium has a permanent war remembrance[8] called the In Flanders Fields Museum, named after the poem.

 

There are also a photograph and short biographical memorial to McCrae in the St George Memorial Church in Ypres.

 

Post Processing:

PS Elements 5: slight posterization

Two clean chicken bones, from a wing, on a white embossed kitchen paper towel.

 

This represents one of my favourite TV shows, "Bones". The main character is a beautiful woman who is a forensic pathologist, solving murders by analysing the victim's bones in an impressive high-tech laboratory in the Jeffersonian Institute, with a team of other interesting people. She has undoubtedly got Asperger's Syndrome or some such, as she is highly intelligent, but very literal and not at all people-savvy.

 

Taken with iPhone 3GS and this bought magnetic macro lens.

 

Entry for Daily Shoot 475: "Make a low contrast photo today. Concentrate on other cues—such as line and texture—to create your photograph."

 

Entry for Macro Monday 7th March 2011: "Favourite TV Show". Happy Macro Monday, everyone!

The Iowa Department of Natural Resources found about 200 dead crows in central Iowa last fall, and there was concern that they may have died from avian flu.

They hired a bird pathologist to examine the remains of all the crows, and the test results showed it was definitely NOT avian flu, to everyone's relief.

However, he determined that 98% of the crows had been killed by impact with trucks, and only 2% were killed by car impact.

The State then hired an ornithological behaviorist to determine why there was a disproportionate percentage for truck versus car kill.

The ornithological behaviorist determined the cause in short order.

He concluded that when crows eat road kill, they always set-up a lookout crow in a nearby tree to warn of impending danger.

His study results and conclusion was that the lookout crow could warn the other crows by saying "Cah", but that the lookout could not say "Truck!"

 

This shot was taken in Woodland cemetery in Des Moines. The birds are real - there was a huge flock of them settling in for the night. Texture thanks to Lenabem-Anna. HSS!

via Instagram ift.tt/29GQRaW

Final look book "a coat for my lovely, plant pathologist, travelling, multitasking, genius mum xx"

Villa Della Porta Bozzolo is a villa located at Casalzuigno in the province of Varese, northern Italy. It was donated by the heirs of the Italian senator and pathologist Camillo Bozzolo to the Fondo per l'Ambiente Italiano—the National Trust of Italy—who now manage it.

It was built in the 16th century and used as a rural villa and later an aristocratic residence. In the 18th century an impressive Italian garden was added with stairs, fountains, water features and an aedicula decorated with frescoes. Around the villa there are interesting rustic elements, such as a representation of an olive press containing a cycle of rococo frescoes from the workshop of Pietro Antonio Magatti, a painter from Varese.

At the end of the 17th century the villa experienced one of its most important transformations on the initiative of Gian Angelo Della Porta III on the occasion of his marriage to Isabella, daughter of Count Giorgio Giulini. With the assistance of architect Antonio Maria Porani, he set the main axis of the garden parallel to the side of the house—thus contravening the classic rules under which the principal axis must be aligned with the main room of the house, dividing the garden into two symmetrical parts. In 1723, he also built an elaborate fountain cascading from terraces in the hillside, designed by the architect Pellegatta.

 

402 Commercial Avenue.

"This ornate brick building, the first of its kind in Skagit County, was constructed by Lewis & Dryden Engineers of Portland, Oregon. It was originally chartered as the Bank of Anacortes. The Bank closed during the depression of 1893. Two vaults and other bank-related features have survived alterations."

- City of Anacortes.

 

"The Platt Building on the SW corner of P/Commercial and 4th was the first brick building on Fidalgo Island. It was built by John Platt during the summer of 1890. The ANACORTES AMERICAN reported on 7-31-1890, "Platt bank building will be done in 30 days." On 10-9-1890, "The New Bank ... Fine store and Offices ... To John Platt is due the credit and honor of building and occupying the first brick block to be erected upon Fidalgo Island."

The building had several names, such as Post Office Building (Post Office housed here from 1895 to at least 1898) and, in 1901, the Wells Building after it was purchased by W. V. Wells. The structure also housed the first telephone company."

anacortes.pastperfectonline.com/photo/96E694C9-0FE0-46F1-...

 

Maker: Thomas Annan (1829-1887)

Born: Scotland

Active: Scotland

Medium: albumen print

Size: 7 in x 8 3/4 in

Location: Scotland

 

Object No. 2022.679

Shelf: A-28

 

Publication:

 

Other Collections:

 

Provenance:

Rank: 278

 

Notes: Harry Rainy or Rainey LLD (1792–1876) was a 19th-century pathologist, Professor of Forensic Medicine at the University of Glasgow, and Vice Rector of the University of Glasgow.

 

To view our archive organized by Collections, visit: OUR COLLECTIONS

 

For information about reproducing this image, visit: THE HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY ARCHIVE

dji mini 2

giardini dall'alto

 

Villa Della Porta Bozzolo at Casalzuigno in the province of Varese, northern Italy. It was donated by the heirs of the Italian senator and pathologist Camillo Bozzolo to the Fondo per l'Ambiente Italiano—the National Trust of Italy—who now manage it.

Due to the limited amount of space in front of the building, Porani elected to arrange the grounds lengthwise from the bottom to the top, in parallel with the villa's facade, thus contravening the established design norms according to which the garden should have been in line with the main reception rooms.

As such, four large terraces were created, on different levels, connected by a majestic staircase with balustrades, statues and fountains. Later years saw the addition of the ''theatre'', perhaps the most innovative element of the gardens: a large sloping lawn closed off by a sizeable fish pond and a steep path (perhaps once flanked by cypresses), surrounded by woodland and stretching out on the Belvedere hill right to the edge of the estate.

 

Villa Della Porta Bozzolo in Casalzuigno in de provincie Varese in Noord-Italië. Het werd door de erfgenamen van de Italiaanse senator en patholoog Camillo Bozzolo geschonken aan de Fondo per l'Ambiente Italiano- de Nationale Trust van Italië - die het nu beheert.

Vanwege de beperkte ruimte aan de voorkant van het gebouw koos Porani ervoor om het terrein in de lengterichting van beneden naar boven te rangschikken, parallel aan de gevel van de villa.

Zo ontstonden vier grote terrassen op verschillende niveaus, verbonden door een majestueuze trap met balustrades, beelden en fonteinen. In latere jaren werd het ''theater'' toegevoegd, misschien wel het meest innovatieve element van de tuinen: een groot glooiend grasveld, afgesloten door een grote visvijver en een steil pad (misschien ooit geflankeerd door cipressen), omringd door bossen en dat zich uitstrekte over de Belvedere-heuvel tot aan de rand van het landgoed.

Villa Della Porta Bozzolo is a villa located at Casalzuigno in the province of Varese, northern Italy. It was donated by the heirs of the Italian senator and pathologist Camillo Bozzolo to the Fondo per l'Ambiente Italiano—the National Trust of Italy—who now manage it.

It was built in the 16th century and used as a rural villa and later an aristocratic residence. In the 18th century an impressive Italian garden was added with stairs, fountains, water features and an aedicula decorated with frescoes. Around the villa there are interesting rustic elements, such as a representation of an olive press containing a cycle of rococo frescoes from the workshop of Pietro Antonio Magatti, a painter from Varese.

At the end of the 17th century the villa experienced one of its most important transformations on the initiative of Gian Angelo Della Porta III on the occasion of his marriage to Isabella, daughter of Count Giorgio Giulini. With the assistance of architect Antonio Maria Porani, he set the main axis of the garden parallel to the side of the house—thus contravening the classic rules under which the principal axis must be aligned with the main room of the house, dividing the garden into two symmetrical parts. In 1723, he also built an elaborate fountain cascading from terraces in the hillside, designed by the architect Pellegatta.

 

Note this is a philatelic cover sent by stamp collector / dealer Charles Horatio Holden.

 

US Postal Stationery Envelope - 1893 U-348 Blue 1c Columbian Exposition (Die 1 - Meridian behind Columbus head with a period after CENTS and AMERICA) - blue imprinted commemorative postage stamp, landing of Christopher Columbus, 1492-1892.

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VERNON is a city in the Okanagan region of the Southern Interior of British Columbia, Canada. It is 440 km (270 mi) northeast of Vancouver. Named after Forbes George Vernon, a former MLA of British Columbia who helped establish the Coldstream Ranch in nearby Coldstream, the City of Vernon was incorporated on December 30, 1892. The City of Vernon has a population of 40,000 (2013).

 

- from 1908 "Lovell's Gazetteer of the Dominion of Canada" - VERNON, an Incorporated town in Yale District, B.C., 2 miles from Long Lake and Swan Lake, and 5 miles from Okanagan Lake, its port. It is a station on the Shuswap and Okanagan branch of the C.P.R., 5 miles from Okanagan Landing, 46 miles from Sicamous Jet., and 68 miles from Penticton. It is a noted health resort, and is the shipping point for much fine fruit grown on Aberdeen Ranch, in the vicinity. It has 4 churches (Roman Catholic, Episcopal, Methodist and Presbyterian), 25 stores, 5 hotels, besides many boarding houses, hospital, Government offices and court house, besides 3 mills (flour, lumber and planing), 1 sash and door factory, 2 chartered banks (Montreal and Royal), 2 printing and newspaper offices ("Vernon News" and "Okanagan Herald"), with telegraph and express offices. The population in 1908 was 1,500.

 

TRAVELLING POST OFFICES ON BOATS - WHY? written by "R.F. Marriage" - In 1901, a new dater was issued reading Okanagan Landing & Sicamous R.P.O. - Early in the 20th century, it was obvious that the closed mail service on the lake steamers was inadequate and Ottawa was urged to supply R.P.O. type service. In 1911, the “Aberdeen” and the “Okanagan” were fitted with mail rooms on their freight decks. The deckhands continued to exchange mails with side service couriers at each landing, as it was done at railway stations. Although it was a water service, the route was designated Penticton & Okanagan Landing R.P.O. Plans of the steamship “Sicamous”, launched in 1914, included a mail room. The combined operation of the trains and boats, with resorting mails enroute, offered a quality of service, which has never been equalled. The highways of the day, although crude, forced the C.P.R. to withdraw the “Sicamous” from service, as she was incurring a loss of $14,000 monthly, a large sum in 1934. LINK to the complete article (page 1680) - bnaps.org/hhl/newsletters/rpo/rpo-2002-01-v030n03-w158.pdf

 

See also - The Shuswap & Okanagan Railway Post Office by "Morris Beattie" (pages 1150 to 1153) - bnaps.org/hhl/newsletters/bcr/bcr-2019-09-v028n03-w111.pdf

 

- sent from - / DETROIT / MICH. / - double oval cancel in black ink (20 July 1914) - (five strikes)

 

- sent by registered mail - / DETROIT, MICH, / JUL / 20 / 1914 / REGISTERED / - double ring backstamp in purple ink - (two strikes)

 

- straightline - REGISTERED marking in purple ink (on front)

 

- straightline - "Return receipt demanded" marking in purple ink (on front) - NOTE - this was eventually replaced by "return receipt requested".

 

- via - / SAINT PAUL, MINN. / JUL / 21 / 1914 / REG. DIV. / - double ring backstamp in purple ink

 

- via Moose Jaw & Calgary rpo - / M. JAW. & CAL. / 3 / JUL 23 / 14 / No 6 / - rpo transit backstamp (WT-381.061 / RF A) - in use from - 17 July 1900 to - 15 January 1925 - (old Ludlow / W-87.061)

 

- via Okanagan Landing, B.C. & Sicamous, B.C. rpo - / O. L. & S. - R.P.O. / S / JUL 24 / 14 /￡•￡ / (with ornament No. 172 - a pound sterling symbol with two crossbars) - rpo transit backstamp (WT-550 / RF D) - in use from - 7 July 1913 to - 16 November 1923 - (old Ludlow / W-102X).

 

- arrived at - / VERNON / B.C. / JUL 24 1914 / REGISTERED / - sawtoothed cogged single ring oval handstamp - arrival backstamp in purple ink - redirected to - Dominion Hotel / Victoria, B.C. - Fancy registration cancels - example of an unusual registered handstamp used at the Vernon Post Office.

 

- via Calgary & Vancouver rpo - / C. & V. R.P.O. / 13 / JUL 25 / 14 / X B.C. X / (with ornament 146) - rpo transit backstamp (WT-91.146 / RF A) - in use from - 3 July 1914 to - 25 July 1954 - (old Ludlow / W-30p)

 

- arrived at - / • VICTORIA • B.C • / 7 / JUL 26 / 14 / CANADA / - cds arrival backstamp

 

- sent by - C.H. Holden / 14 Brainard St. / Detroit, Michigan

 

Charles Horatio Holden

(b. 20 February 1865 in Port Dover, Ontario, Canada – d. 21 April 1936 at age 71 in Spirit River, Alberta, Canada) - LINK to his Find a Grave site - www.findagrave.com/memorial/170591862/charles-h-holden

 

Charles H. Holden - Funeral services for Charles Horatio Holden, for 17 years traveling auditor of the old Detroit United Railways, will be held next Wednesday at Port Dover, Ontario. Mr. Holden died Tuesday of a heart attack at Spirit River, Alberta where he had been living in retirement the past year. Mr. Holden, 71 years old when he died, entered railroading at the age of 16 as the advance telegraph agent for the Canadian Great Northwest Railroad when it was being constructed. His hobby was stamp collecting and he was said to have been the first to hold a stamp auction in Michigan. It was conducted.at Muskegon. He leaves a daughter, Mrs. John McKinley, of Huntington Woods; and two brothers, William, of Spirit River and Norman, of Port Dover. LINK - www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-obituary-fo...

 

His wife - Agnes Josephine (nee Collins) Holden

(b. 25 November 1873 in San Francisco, California, United States – d. 25 July 1932 at age 58 in Detroit, Wayne, Michigan, United States) - LINK to her newspaper obituary - www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-obituary-fo...

 

Addressed to: Mr. J. W. Eastham / Provincial Pathologist / Vernon, B.C. / Canada - redirected to - Dominion Hotel / Victoria, B.C.

 

John William Eastham

(b. 4 December 1879 in Liverpool, England - d. 26 November 1968 at age 88 in Vancouver, B.C.) - LINK to his death certificate - search-collections.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/Image/Genealogy/2d... - LINK to his newspaper obituary - www.newspapers.com/article/the-vancouver-sun-obituary-for...

 

John William Eastham was a British-trained World War I veteran and a gentleman. He was a Provincial plant pathologist and a fine botanist. He revised J. W. Henry’s, Flora of B.C. and in retirement volunteered in the U.B.C. Herbarium.

 

His wife - Alberta (nee Middleton) Eastham

(b. 8 January 1888 in Alberta, Canada - d. 11 October 1952 at age 64 in Vancouver, B.C.) - occupation - school teacher - they were married - 25 April 1916 in Vancouver, B.C. - LINK to their marriage certificate - search-collections.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/Image/Genealogy/69... - LINK to her death certificate - search-collections.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/Image/Genealogy/be...

Alfred Kelfala worked in a mortuary before Ebola hit Sierra Leone.

 

He realised he could use his skills to help those who had lost their loved ones, but it cost him the support of his own loved ones when he joined the roving burial team.

 

"I love my country – that's why I took on this job. But my family, they said: you will get infected, so I had to leave their home. Now I live with my friend – another burial worker," he says.

 

"This is my skill – dead body management. Now I want to do a pathologist's course.

 

As the outbreak comes to an end, Alfred is happy to see the back of the disease but he also carries the pain and suffering of the families and friends who he helped:

 

"We will be mourning for the families we have seen. We lost so many."

 

UK aid supported over 100 burial teams – including Alfred's – to provide safe and dignified burials.

 

The unsafe burying of bodies was one of the most common ways the disease was being spread at the height of the outbreak – with local customs often meaning families washed down corpses when they were at their most contagious.

 

Britain co-ordinated the country's safe burial efforts – to prevent further spread, working with Adam Smith International, Sierra Leone's Ministry of Health and Sanitation and other aid agencies to train and supervise the teams on the ground.

 

No members of the burial teams have been infected - thanks to the careful controls put in place to keep them safe.

 

Picture: Simon Davis/DFID

 

----------------------------------------

 

Free-to-use photo

 

This image is posted under a Creative Commons - Attribution Licence, in accordance with the Open Government Licence. You are free to embed, download or otherwise re-use it, as long as you credit the source as 'Simon Davis/DFID'.

Villa Della Porta Bozzolo is a villa located at Casalzuigno in the province of Varese, northern Italy. It was donated by the heirs of the Italian senator and pathologist Camillo Bozzolo to the Fondo per l'Ambiente Italiano—the National Trust of Italy—who now manage it.

It was built in the 16th century and used as a rural villa and later an aristocratic residence. In the 18th century an impressive Italian garden was added with stairs, fountains, water features and an aedicula decorated with frescoes. Around the villa there are interesting rustic elements, such as a representation of an olive press containing a cycle of rococo frescoes from the workshop of Pietro Antonio Magatti, a painter from Varese.

At the end of the 17th century the villa experienced one of its most important transformations on the initiative of Gian Angelo Della Porta III on the occasion of his marriage to Isabella, daughter of Count Giorgio Giulini. With the assistance of architect Antonio Maria Porani, he set the main axis of the garden parallel to the side of the house—thus contravening the classic rules under which the principal axis must be aligned with the main room of the house, dividing the garden into two symmetrical parts. In 1723, he also built an elaborate fountain cascading from terraces in the hillside, designed by the architect Pellegatta.

 

Glorious morning over the waters of Moreton Bay. The sun rise as I am on the way to the pathologist. Good omen for me.

 

Scavenger Challenge - July 2016 Assignment - things which make you happy!

The doctors and other medical staff across the country are going through tough time during the fight against coronavirus outbreak. In the national capital many doctors haven't gone back home for many days. They are spending their off-duty hours in a five star hotel room arranged by the Delhi government.

Doctors of the LNJP Hospital in Delhi, tasked with treating coronavirus-infected patients, have been provided accommodation in 5-star Lalit Hotel. It is a luxurious accommodation but not a substitute for home and family. Away from their families, these doctors are fighting at multiple fronts like warriors.

India Today met with a team of doctors from the LNJP Hospital who are staying at the Lalit Hotel. They shared their experience of dealing with coronavirus pandemic and emotional struggle of not being able to see their families.

At the Lalit Hotel, the every batch of doctors gets a rousing reception by the hotel staff as they arrive here for rest. Vivek Shukla, the general manager of the hotel, told India Today, "The Delhi government has taken 100 rooms and asked us to prepare 150 rooms for these doctors and other health professionals. We offer them special welcome upon their arrival not only as a gesture but out of respect and honour for their duty."

Anupriya, one of the doctors treating Covid-19 patients at LNJP Hospital, has not gone home for five days. She told India Today that her video-call with her husband becomes a very emotional exchange. "My family is concerned about me but they all are very supportive. My husband has learnt cooking," said Dr Anupriya.

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Dr Anupriya and her husband will be celebrating their wedding anniversary in an unusual way. "My husband told me that we would cut the cake online to celebrate out wedding anniversary coming in few days," she said battling her emotions.

"It is my duty to take care of my patients and also keep myself and my family safe. By not going home, I am ensuring that my family is not infected through me," Dr Anupriya said.

Dr Kapil, whose family stays in Maharashtra, said, "My parents call me up from Nagpur several times. But I am not able to take their calls. Covered in personal protective equipment, I cannot attend their calls while on duty. Family is worried about us but our duty is supreme and beyond any fear."

Another doctor, Dr Manish too has not gone home for days. He said his parents have been very cooperative encouraging him to perform his duty well during this pandemic.

There have been reports that some of the coronavirus patients have behaved unruly with doctors in the LNJP Hospital. Responding to such reports, Dr Anupriya said, "The Covid-19 patients are facing difficult situation. We appeal to them to co-operate with the doctors as we are trying to save their lives."

On reports of unruly behaviour by some of the Covid-19 patients, Dr Manish said, "Many patients spit on doctors, come out of the ward naked and abuse medical staff. We try them to convince them that all of us are here for their safety and security."

"This is a difficult time. We are also facing aggressive reaction from the patients but we empathize with them. We cannot meet anyone, nor can they. We try to pacify them. This is difficult time for everyone," said Dr Anushruthi, a Delhi resident but has not been able to see her family members for days.

Dr Sarwari's parents stay in Noida and are in their old age with some critical medical conditions. "My parents are at home and have chronic lung conditions. They are above 60 years of age. I love doing my work. And, at least at I have mental peace that I am not taking any infection back home. The support and accommodation provided by the government is very helpful. We don't want this infection to take home and spread to our family," she said.

Dr Sarvari said she has never stayed away from her family but this is an extraordinary situation. "When I was coming for Covid-19 duty, my family was treating me as I was going for a war and I might never come back home. They are scared but also really proud of what I am doing to fight this pandemic," she said.

Explaining the mental trauma of Covid-19 patients kept in isolation, she said, "We are alone because we have to be with the patients. They are alone because they are the patients. It is hard but you have to empathize with them. It is our duty and we understand where they are coming from."

 

The COVID-19 or the new Corona Virus is different. In this virus we have an enemy which is invisible and sometimes deadly, and the task is harder.

 

About a century ago the Spanish flu pandemic killed an estimated 50 million people, more than the combined total casualties of World Wars I and II. Our understanding of disease transmission and treatments is far ahead of our position in 1918, but this new coronavirus has shown the limits of our ability to deal with major disease outbreaks.

 

Advice to protect ourselves is clear: wash your hands well and often, self-isolate if you feel unwell, maintain social distance by avoiding crowded and public spaces and, if your symptoms worsen, contact medical services. Only by following this advice rigorously can we hope to stem the tide of new infections.

  

For now, however, the virus is spreading and, on the frontline between a nervous public and those responsible for directing national responses, the healthcare workers on whom we all depend can easily be forgotten.

 

During the Ebola outbreak six years ago, the World Health Organisation estimated that health workers were between 21 and 32 times more likely to be infected with Ebola than people in the general adult population. In West Africa more than 350 health care workers died while battling Ebola.

 

Doctors, nurses, carers and paramedics around the world are facing an unprecedented workload in overstretched health facilities, and with no end in sight. They are working in stressful and frightening work environments, not just because the virus is little understood, but because in most settings they are under-protected, overworked and themselves vulnerable to infection.

 

The risk to doctors, nurses and others on the front lines has become plain: Italy has seen at least 18 doctors with coronavirus die. Spain reported that more than 3,900 health care workers have become infected,

 

We need a whole-of-society resolve that we will not let our frontline soldiers become patients. We must do everything to support health workers who, despite their own well-founded fears, are stepping directly into COVID-19’s path to aid the afflicted and help halt the virus’s spread.

 

In sub-Saharan Africa as elsewhere, pressure on the healthcare workforce will intensify in the coming months. A recent survey of National Nurses United (NNU) members in the US, revealed that only 30% believed their healthcare organization had sufficient inventory of personal protective equipment (PPE) for responding to a surge event. In some parts of France and Italy, hospitals have run out of masks, forcing doctors to examine and treat coronavirus patients without adequate protection.

 

www.indiatoday.in/coronavirus-outbreak/corona-warriors/st...

 

www.indiatoday.in/coronavirus-outbreak/corona-warriors/st...

 

The situation in poorer countries will be worse. Demand has far outstripped supplies. In Kenya to enable health workers to do their jobs safely we will dedicate resources to providing gowns, gloves, and medical grade face masks, and also arm them with the latest knowledge and information on the virus. As partners the Government of Kenya, the United Nations and the international community are determined to explore every avenue to ensure all the possible support for the health workers.

 

Evidence indicates that coronavirus can survive on some hard surfaces for up to three days, but it is also easily killed by simple disinfectants. Health workers need the back-up of ancillary staff to increase the frequency and rigour of cleaning light switches, countertops, handrails, elevator buttons and doorknobs. Such measures can give much-needed reassurance to stressed care givers and protect the public too.

 

Like soldiers, health workers also face considerable mental stress. It is often forgotten that as humans, they feel the sorrow of loss when their patients succumb to the virus. They too have families, and so will also naturally be fearful that the virus might reach those they love most.

 

Whenever possible we will ensure that healthcare workers have access to counselling services so they can recharge before moving on again, given that this could be a long, drawn out battle.

 

We need to also use accurate information as a means of defence. Misinformation can cause public panic, suspicion and unrest; it can disrupt the availability of food and vital supplies and divert resources - such as face masks - away from health workers and other frontline workers whose need is greatest.

 

COVID-19 will not be the last dangerous microbe we see. The heroism, dedication and selflessness of medical staff allow the rest of us a degree of reassurance that we will overcome this virus.

 

We must give these health workers all the support they need to do their jobs, be safe and stay alive. We will need them when the next pandemic strikes.

 

www.un.org/africarenewal/web-features/coronavirus/health-...

   

Overwhelmed, mostly under-resourced and risking their lives in the seemingly unending battle against a virulent virus. That’s the state of the global army today that’s taking on a pandemic which has already claimed more than 12,000 lives and affected more than 284,000 people around the world. And the sleep-deprived heroes of that army come armed with stethoscopes and thermometers. The hospital is their theatre and the ventilator often the weapon of last resort.

 

In the global war against coronavirus, they are our true heroes. Doctors, nurses, pathologists and paramedics. Ambulance drivers, medical cleaners and administrators. Hospital managers and other pillars of the desperately-strained public health system around the world. And medical researchers racing against all odds in the quest to develop a cure.

 

Some have stared at desperate faces stricken with the virus and healed them, brought them back to safety. Some of them have stared at battles lost. And many have laid down their lives in the line of duty.

A 29-year-old doctor in Wuhan — the epicentre of the outbreak in China — who postponed his planned Lunar New Year marriage to save hundreds of lives hit by the killer virus. But he never made it — he died after contracting the virus from one of the patients. A 67-year-old physician in Italy — the new global epicentre of the virus — who continued to treat dozens of patients even after all his protective gear ran out, and sacrificed his life in the process. An 80-year-old lung specialist who came out of retirement to attend to the surging cases of COVID-19 positive patients in West Jakarta. A nurse in the northern Italian town of Cremona, whose face with her mask on has come to symbolise the exhausting efforts of those fighting COVID-19.

 

They are our true heroes.

 

In most cases, these selfless warriors have had to cut themselves off from their own families and loved one to prevent infecting them. Their extraordinary sacrifice for the sake of humanity has come at a great personal cost and deserves our unending gratitude.

 

But gratitude alone is not sufficient. When this crisis is over, there must be a reassessment of who we value most in society and how we treat them. We need to find ways of robustly investing in what matters the most — in higher wages and better conditions for the medical fraternity, in advancing medical research and technology, in acknowledging that they are the last frontier of our modern battles.

 

That will be the best tribute we can pay to our heroes and the true saviours of the 21st century.

 

gulfnews.com/opinion/editorials/coronavirus-heroes-deserv...

New Work

Lyon Arboretum, Mānoa, Honolulu.

 

Tucked away in the back of Mānoa Valley is the now lush Lyon Arboretum, named after Dr. Harold L. Lyon who was a plant pathologist for the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association (HSPA).

 

The HSPA originally purchased 124 acres in 1919 and Dr. Lyon became head of what was then a re-forestation experiment station. In 1953, Dr. Lyon persuaded the HSPA to convey the lands to the University of Hawai`i.

 

Today, the combined arboretum and botanical garden sits on nearly 200 acres and is open to the public to enjoy 6 days a week. The Lyon Arboretum is dedicated to the conservation of rare and endangered native Hawaiian plants. More detailed information is available on their website: Lyon Arboretum

 

"Le Bambole Pinhole Camera". Fujicolor Superia 100. Exposure: f/256 and 15 minutes.

"The man who doesn't relax and hoot a few hoots voluntarily, now and then, is in great danger of hooting hoots and standing on his head for the edification of the pathologist and trained nurse, a little later on." ~Elbert Hubbard

 

My brother-in-law a retired USDA reserch plant pathologist (who can never quit working) showing his great-nephew, my grandson, how to collect Taper Tip Onions for research and cultivation.

Bain News Service,, publisher.

 

Justine Johnstone

 

[between ca. 1920 and ca. 1925]

 

1 negative : glass ; 5 x 7 in. or smaller.

 

Notes:

Title from unverified data provided by the Bain News Service on the negatives or caption cards.

Forms part of: George Grantham Bain Collection (Library of Congress).

 

Format: Glass negatives.

 

Rights Info: No known restrictions on publication. For more information, see George Grantham Bain Collection - Rights and Restrictions Information www.loc.gov/rr/print/res/274_bain.html

 

Repository: Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA, hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print

 

Part Of: Bain News Service photograph collection (DLC) 2005682517

 

General information about the George Grantham Bain Collection is available at hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.ggbain

 

Higher resolution image is available (Persistent URL): hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ggbain.32325

 

Call Number: LC-B2- 5453-17

 

This is not a real picture, but the white bits look like the Islets of Langerhans, which Doctors and Diabetics know all about.

 

"Known as the insulin-producing tissue, the islets of Langerhans do more than that. They are groups of specialized cells in the pancreas that make and secrete hormones. Named after the German pathologist Paul Langerhans (1847-1888), who discovered them in 1869, these cells sit in groups that Langerhans likened to little islands in the pancreas. There are five types of cells in an islet: alpha cells that make glucagon, which raises the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood; beta cells that make insulin; delta cells that make somatostatin which inhibits the release of numerous other hormones in the body; and PP cells and D1 cells, about which little is known. Degeneration of the insulin-producing beta cells is the main cause of type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus." - www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4054

  

Laboratory pathologist pipetting a patient blood sample for testing and diagnosis of disease, illness, infection, allergy or other medical condition

Here is one of the 4 petrol Station in Oberon. I took this after I saw Isabelle our local Pathologist.

Hurricane Season (1999(

 

Art Rosenbaum (American 1938 - 2022)

 

artrosenbaum.org/v2/portfolio/hurricane-season-triptych/

 

www.youtube.com/watch?v=wqoSgUmaQjw

 

Sept. 14, 2022

ATLANTA — Art Rosenbaum, a painter and folk musician acclaimed for a half-century of field recordings of American vernacular music, including old-time Appalachian fiddle tunes and ritual music imported from Africa by enslaved people, died on Sept. 4 at a hospital in Athens, Ga., his adopted hometown. He was 83.

 

His son, Neil Rosenbaum, said the cause was complications of cancer.

 

Art Rosenbaum’s passion for documenting a broad range of American musical traditions as they were passed down and performed at work camps, church gatherings and rural living rooms expanded upon the famous field recording work of the ethnomusicologist Alan Lomax. An important inspiration was Pete Seeger, another high-profile 20th-century champion of folk music. Mr. Rosenbaum wrote that Mr. Seeger had once told him, “Don’t learn from me, learn from the folks I learned from.”

 

Mr. Rosenbaum called it “good advice, and the kick in the rear that got me going.”

 

In 2007, the Atlanta-based label Dust-to-Digital released the first of two box sets of compilations from Mr. Rosenbaum’s trove, “Art of Field Recording Volume I: Fifty Years of Traditional American Music Documented by Art Rosenbaum,” which won a Grammy Award for best historical album.

 

The pop music website Pitchfork called the release “revelatory” and “an indispensable counterpoint to Harry Smith’s ‘Anthology of American Folk Music,’” a reference to the 1952 song compilation that remains a canonical touchstone for folk musicians.

 

Like Mr. Smith, the bohemian polymath who compiled the “Anthology,” Mr. Rosenbaum was an accomplished visual artist. As an art teacher, he spent the bulk of his career at the University of Georgia, in Athens, where his energetic paintings, often depicting the musicians he recorded, and his ideas about the democratization of culture had an influence that resonated far beyond the classroom.

 

Michael Stipe, the visual artist and singer with the Athens rock band R.E.M., who was a student of Mr. Rosenbaum’s in the early 1980s, said Mr. Rosenbaum’s goal “was to blur the lines between what is outsider and insider, and to bring together this untrained music and art with trained music and art, and acknowledge that each have immense power, and that they’re not that far apart.”

 

Arthur Spark Rosenbaum was born on Dec. 6, 1938, in Ogdensburg, N.Y., in St. Lawrence County. His mother, Della Spark Rosenbaum, was a medical illustrator who encouraged her children’s artistic inclinations. His father, David Rosenbaum, was an Army pathologist who sometimes sang what his son described as “Northern street songs.” Arthur later recorded one of these songs, his father’s a cappella version of the ribald 18th-century Child ballad “Our Goodman,” and included it in the 2007 box set.

 

The family eventually moved to Indianapolis, where Mr. Rosenbaum, entranced by traditional music, absorbed the Harry Smith anthology and the contemporary folk stars of the day. In high school he won an art contest at the Indiana State Fair and spent the $25 prize money on a five-string banjo. He went on to become a pre-eminent expert on traditional banjo playing and tunings and to record several albums.

 

In the mid-1950s Mr. Rosenbaum moved to New York City, then the epicenter of the burgeoning folk revival, earning an undergraduate degree in art history and a master’s degree in fine arts from Columbia University. In the summers he worked at a resort hotel on Lake Michigan, where he began making recordings of nearby field workers from Mexico and the American South.

 

In 1958, Mr. Rosenbaum tracked down and recorded in Indianapolis a musician named Scrapper Blackwell, whom he described as “one of the best and most influential blues guitarists of the 1920s and ’30s.” Back in New York, as Mr. Rosenbaum was fond of recalling, a fellow roots music obsessive named Bob Dylan would pester him for any details he could muster about Mr. Blackwell’s life and playing style.

 

It was in New York that Mr. Rosenbaum met the artist Margo Newmark, who became his wife and lifelong collaborator. She survives him.

 

In addition to her and his son, Neil, a filmmaker and musician, he is survived by a sister, Jenny Rosenbaum, a writer; and a brother, Victor Rosenbaum, a concert pianist.

 

After eight years of teaching studio art at the University of Iowa, Mr. Rosenbaum in 1976 took a similar job at the University of Georgia’s Lamar Dodd School of Art. With Athens as a home base, he and Ms. Newmark Rosenbaum continued making field recordings, many of them in and around Georgia, and giving the musicians they met opportunities to play before new audiences.

 

“As these traditional musicians were identified and then brought out,” said Judith McWillie, an emerita art professor at the university, “and as there were more festivals and opportunities for them to play, people began to envision an identity for Georgia that was somewhat different from the one that it had. This was the 1970s, and coming off some extremely difficult times in the South.”

 

Folk music, she said, revealed a shared cultural history: “The musicians Art brought out were Black and white.”

 

In 1984, Mr. Rosenbaum recorded an album of stories and songs by Howard Finster, the self-taught artist, preacher and self-proclaimed “man of visions” whose work has become indelibly associated with 20th-century Georgia after its use on album covers by R.E.M. and the band Talking Heads.

 

He also recorded the McIntosh County Shouters, an African American group from coastal Georgia who performed the “ring shout,” which Mr. Rosenbaum described as “an impressive fusion of call-and-response singing, polyrhythmic percussion and expressive and formalized dancelike movements.” The ring shout, he asserted, was “the oldest African American performance tradition on the North American continent.”

 

Brenton Jordan, a member of the group, said of the Rosenbaums, “It’s their legwork that actually kind of introduced the McIntosh County Shouters to the world.” He noted that the ring shout, once on the verge of extinction, has in recent years been performed by his group in Washington at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts and the National Museum of African American History and Culture.

 

The Rosenbaums published a book on the ring shout in 1998. With drawings of the performers by Mr. Rosenbaum and photos of them by Ms. Newmark Rosenbaum, it depicts a place and a culture that seems beguilingly out of phase with modern life.

 

Many of Mr. Rosenbaum’s other paintings and drawings are loose allegorical works in which the old and the new clash and cohabitate, with traditional musicians sharing space on the canvas with modern-day hipsters, skateboarders and documentarians (often Mr. Rosenbaum himself).

 

As a painter, he was inspired by Cezanne and Max Beckmann, the German Expressionist. At times his work recalls the painting of Thomas Hart Benton, the American regionalist. Some of Mr. Rosenbaum’s works are large murals on historical themes.

 

Beginning in the late 1970s, Athens saw an explosion of forward-thinking rock musicians, many of whom, like Mr. Stipe, had ties to the Georgia art school. Mr. Rosenbaum’s passions always ran to traditional music, but he remained an inspiration for contemporary musicians.

 

Lance Ledbetter, the founder and co-director of the Dust-to-Digital label, recalled Vic Chesnutt, the brilliant, idiosyncratic Athens-based songwriter who died in 2009, speaking of Mr. Rosenbaum, quoting him as saying:

 

“When you move to Athens, and you hear about this guy who plays banjo and knows all of these songs, you just follow him around like a puppy dog. And I’m not the only one who did that.”

 

www.nytimes.com/2022/09/14/us/art-rosenbaum-dead.html

_______________________________________________

georgiamuseum.org

 

The Georgia Museum of Art, on the campus of the University of Georgia, in Athens, is both an academic museum and, since 1982, the official art museum of the state of Georgia. The permanent collection consists of American paintings, primarily 19th- and 20th-century; American, European and Asian works on paper; the Samuel H. Kress Study Collection of Italian Renaissance paintings; and growing collections of southern decorative arts and Asian art.

 

From the time it was opened to the public in 1948 in the basement of the old library on the university’s historic North Campus, the museum has grown consistently both in the size of its collection and in the size of its facilities. Today the museum occupies a contemporary building in the Performing and Visual Arts Complex on the university’s burgeoning east campus. There, 79,000 square feet house nearly 17,000 objects in the museum’s permanent collection—a dramatic leap from the core of 100 paintings donated by the museum’s founder, Alfred Heber Holbrook.

 

Much of the museum’s collection of American paintings was donated by Holbrook in memory of his first wife, Eva Underhill Holbrook. Included in this collection are works by such luminaries as Frank Weston Benson, William Merritt Chase, Stuart Davis, Arthur Dove, Georgia O’Keeffe, Childe Hassam, Winslow Homer, Jacob Lawrence and Theodore Robinson.

 

In 2011, the museum opened an expanded contemporary building, with additions and renovations designed by Gluckman Mayner Architects, in the Performing and Visual Arts Complex on the university’s burgeoning East Campus. New galleries house the permanent collection, and visitors enjoy an outdoor sculpture garden and expanded lobby. In 2012, Brenda and Larry Thompson donated 100 works of art by African American artists to the collection, mirroring Holbrook’s original gift. They also established an endowment to fund the position of Larry D. and Brenda A. Thompson Curator of African American and African Diasporic Art. The Thompsons have continued to give to the museum (their gifts can be found in the collections database), and their gift has had a transformative effect, strongly privileging an expansion of the traditional art historical canon. They received the Patron of the Year award from the Georgia Association of Museums and Galleries in 2019.

 

The museum continues to balance its dual designation as an academic museum with its role as the official state art museum of Georgia. Its schedule is a reflection of the academic study of the history of art and a broader array of popular exhibitions that appeal to all audiences. From the time Alfred Holbrook first loaded works from his art collection in the trunk of his car to share with Georgia’s schoolchildren until today, when the museum staff crisscrosses the state of Georgia to present a variety of educational programs, the Georgia Museum of Art has made the state a richer and more culturally viable place to live.

 

....

This two storeyed stone house was erected 1914 for William Mandeville Ellis L'Estrange, a prominent electrical engineer who arrived in Queensland in 1887.

 

Family records note that from the late 1870s until the early 1890s, L'Estrange worked as an assistant to the Surveyor for the Logan District, during which time he also owned and farmed land in the Upper Coomera district. In 1893 L'Estrange commenced work with Edward Barton of the electrical firm Barton and White. In 1896 L'Estrange left Australia to study in England and Germany, later working for the General Electric Company in the United States of America.

 

L'Estrange returned to Brisbane probably during the late 1890s, and became Secretary of the Brisbane Electric Supply Company Limited, which was reconstructed to become the City Electric Light Company in 1904. From the early 1900s until the late 1930s, L'Estrange maintained his involvement with electricity supply in the Brisbane area, serving as Secretary of the Ipswich Electric Supply Company and as a Director of the City Electric Light Company. L'Estrange was also a prominent member of the Queensland Institute of Engineers, and of the Brisbane division of the Institution of Engineers, Australia. During the late 1920s and early 1930s L'Estrange was also involved with the University of Queensland Senate.

 

In 1900 L'Estrange married Mary Emmeline Alder, daughter of EH Alder, Chief Inspector of Public Works for Queensland. L'Estrange had acquired the land on which Huntstanton was erected by mid 1914.

 

The architect of Huntstanton is not known, although family records speculate that the house was possibly designed by either L'Estrange or Barton, a relative of L'Estrange. The stone for the house was quarried reputedly at The Gap. It has been suggested that L'Estrange owned quarries at The Gap and at Grovely. It is understood that the verandah, hall and other indoor tiles were imported from either Italy or France, whilst the roof tiles bear the imprint of their manufacture in Marseilles, France.

 

Family history records that for a short time the L'Estranges lived with Mary's mother in Clyde Road Herston, moving to Huntstanton 1916.

 

In 1929 L'Estrange sold Huntstanton to Brisbane medical practitioner Dr James Vincent Duhig, nephew of Archbishop Duhig. Duhig had studied medicine at Sydney University, prior to serving as a medical officer in the Australian Imperial Forces from 1917 until 1919. Following the war Duhig studied pathology at King's College Hospital in London, before returning to Australia where he practiced as a pathologist from 1920, and established pathology laboratories at the Mater Misericordia Hospital also in 1920, and at the Brisbane General Hospital in 1924. Duhig is described as being a militant campaigner for the establishment of a medical school at the University of Queensland, and in 1938 he became the first professor of pathology at the University. Duhig also founded the Red Cross Blood Bank in Queensland.

 

In October 1955, Duhig offered Huntstanton for sale to the then Queensland Branch of the British Medical Association [BMA].

 

The inaugural meeting of the Queensland Branch of the BMA was held in Brisbane in May 1894, the role of the association being to advance the cause of medical science. There had previously been three attempts to form a medical association in Queensland; in 1871, 1882 and in 1886 as the Queensland Medical Society which eventually amalgamated with the Queensland Branch of the BMA in 1900. The first headquarters of the Queensland Branch of the BMA was a property in Adelaide Street, acquired by the association in 1912. In 1936 the association moved to a building on Wickham Terrace, which it named BMA House. By the 1950s, additional facilities were required by the association, and estimates were prepared for the erection of a new building on land behind BMA House.

 

Following Duhig's offer in 1955, the association rescinded its plans to develop the Wickham Terrace property, and purchased Huntstanton, renaming it BMA House. Possibly also a factor influencing the association's decision, was the location of Huntstanton in close proximity to both the city and the Brisbane Hospital and Medical School. The first meeting of the association in its new premises was held in December 1957. The name of the building was changed to AMA House in 1963, reflecting the change from the BMA to the Australian Medical Association.

 

A hall and additional office space was required by the early 1960s, and plans were prepared by the firm of Lange Powell, Dods and Thorpe for a new building to the northwest of AMA House. The new building was connected to AMA House via a walkway, and was officially opened in 1965, becoming the main administration building for the AMA. Alterations undertaken to AMA House have included the erection of partitions, and enclosing the verandah along the northeast side of the building with glass.

 

The AMA continues to use AMA House as a venue for meetings and functions, and a library/archive is also located in the building. Parts of the ground and first floor area are presently (May 1995) leased to private firms.

 

Source: Queensland Heritage Register.

Strobist info: one Canon Speedlite 550EX placed in front of camera, below the lamp

My perpetual favourites inspired me again!!

Brazilian masters of pathological goregrind, formed in 1996. This track has taken from the album 'Show-Off Cadavers - The Anatomy Of Self Display' (2007)

LYMPHATIC PHLEGM – Compulsive Concupiscentia Of Pathologist

www.youtube.com/watch?v=wRKXHpCW9DM

Here is our local pathologist Isabelle. She was kind enough and let me take her photo.

My disenchantment with modern medicine continues.

 

Went into Harborview Hospital for what I thought would be a "needle aspiration biopsy", a procedure by which a doctor roots around in your "mass" in an effort to pack into a hollow needle enough cells to examine and tell you how screwed you are.

 

"Will hurt like bee-sting," said the heavily accent Czech pathologist. Wait, I'm getting ahead of myself.

 

Where I ended up was the Otolaryngology Clinic, a specialty practice of which I was heretofore ignorant. In the language of plain speaking proletarians like me that means "neck doctor".

 

Despite having a golfball-sized lump growing out of the side of my neck, the doctor insisted on introducing me to the dubious pleasures of the laryngascope. So, since it's a teaching hospital, the doc and half a dozen med students and my soon to be ex-wife (who begins med school next year) gathered around the screen and were treated to guided tour of the inner workings of my throat. Everyone found it fascinating and congratulated me on a healthy epiglottis. Perhaps if I hadn't had a fiberoptic camera stuffed up my nose and tickling my vocal chords I would have been more pleased.

 

After this bonding experience everyone got to feel the lump on my neck and, after a group huddle, they all nodded their heads sagely and informed me that they were going to perform a procedure called a "needle aspiration biopsy". The head doctor actually made the quote gesture with his fingers when he told me. Fan-fucking-tastic, it's only what I came in for after all. I told him to, "bring it on," or words to that effect.

 

Next I got to meet the pathology team, led by a female Czech doctor who sounded like Natasha from Rocky & Bullwinkle. Her assistant was a rangy blond wearing a low cut top. Things were clearly looking up.

 

"Will hurt like bee-sting." Yeah. Once the needle was in she begins rooting it around with a look of utter concentration on her face, the two assistants hovering over her shoulder. The insistent urgency of her movements and the concentration on her face absurdly reminded me of Magnum PI trying to pick a lock. All I could think of was, "work the lock, don't look at the dogs."

 

"Like bee-sting, yes?"

 

Sure if by bee-sting you mean it feels like your had a slim-jim in my neck trying unsuccessfully to pop the lock on a late model Toyota, then yeah, sure.

 

Since the microscope in my exam room was busted, all three left with bloody slides of my neck-material in search of operational equipment.

 

A few minutes later the pathology doc returns with the kind of terminally sad look that can only be perfected by Eastern Europeans. She tells me the procedure was a failure, just blood, no cells were extracted. Furthermore, since my "mass" is squatting right on top of my carotid artery, she doesn't want to go in any deeper for fear I'll spring a leak. I have to come back so they can stick me again, but this time use an ultrasound to watch where the needle goes. Yay, more warm goo. I hope the cleavage assistant is available that day.

 

Mostly I'm pissed off and frustrated and the fear is still gibbering away inside me. My throat is sore from my own special presentation to the med students of ,"The Espophagus and You," and my neck is now throbbing from the Roto-Rooter job. My thought was, "this is fucked up", so I came back and took this photo.

 

Now, however, I feel childish, immature and humbled. For, once again, out of an un-looked-for corner of my life, unintentional wisdom was dispensed by lost in translatn. This morning, before I wrote this, perspective hit me with a sledgehammer blow, in the form of 18 pages of prose that she had no idea I would read.

 

I was reminded that, my fears aside, this could all be much ado about nothing. I was reminded that even if the worst is to come, what a waste it is to throw away those days and hours before the next test on fear, depression and anger. That is time I will never recoup. Better to live a full and passionate life than grumble, bemoan and await the Reaper.

 

So, even though this photo is ill-tempered, I'm dedicating it, my words and my belated insights to lost in translatn. Thank you.

It was very windy when I met Anja in Handen today. I decided to try a few portraits with the pancake lens and this is one of them. Anja is smitten by Britain, she likes everything about Great Britain. In the future she might work as a speech-language pathologist if everything goes as planned. Oh, and she has very photo shy friend called Matilda.

I took this morning on my way down to pick up something at the medical centre. From the pathologist.

Das Denkmal für Rudolf Virchow an der Zufahrtstraße zur Charité in Berlin zeigt den Kampf des Menschen gegen die Krankheit. Professor Virchow war ein deutscher Pathologe von Weltruf und Politiker. Er begründete mit der Zellularpathologie und seinen Forschungen zur Thrombose die moderne Pathologie und vertrat eine sowohl naturwissenschaftlich wie sozial orientierte Medizin.

 

The monument to Rudolf Virchow on the access road to the Charité in Berlin shows the fight of man against the disease. Professor Virchow was a German pathologist of world renown and politician. He founded modern pathology with cellular pathology and his research on thrombosis and represented a medicine that was both scientifically and socially oriented.

This is a "First Day of Issue" envelope commemorating the Mayo brothers, Dr. William J. Mayo and Dr. Charles H. Mayo. The U.S. Postal Service issued the stamp on September 11, 1964, to honor the Mayo brothers and their medical legacy. The stamp features a portrait of the brothers adapted from a statue by James Earle Fraser. The stamp's design is green, a color traditionally associated with medicine, and includes the staff of Aesculapius, a symbol of healing. First Day of Issue covers are postage stamps on an envelope or postal card that are franked on the first day the stamp is issued.

 

Clyde J. Sarzin was a creative cachet maker known for his distinctive metallic first day covers, often featuring a thin sheet of metal affixed to the envelope, and for his space-themed covers. He was active from the 1960s to the 1970s, and his cachets are typically black-and-white with some single-colored examples for the Apollo missions. Sarzin also created more traditional first day covers, but his metallic and space covers are his most famous work.

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LINK to a - List of presidents of the American Medical Association - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_American_...

 

1. Dr. Richard Emery Palmer

(b. 24 March 1919 in Virginia, USA – d. 23 June 1986 at age 57 in Alexandria, Virginia)

 

Richard E. Palmer - Dr. Richard Emery Palmer, 57, an Alexandria pathologist who was a former president of the American Medical Association and a leader in several other medical organizations, died of a heart ailment June 23, 1986 at his home in Alexandria. Dr. Palmer was president of the AMA, the nation's largest medical organization with 275,000 members, in 1976-77. In that capacity he was influential in guiding the AMA into a more activist position on a number of public issues than the association had previously taken. Since 1949 Dr. Palmer had been a pathologist at Alexandria Hospital and Alexandria's Circle Terrace Hospital. He was also pathologist to the office of the Chief Medical Examiner of Virginia. Dr. Palmer was born in Washington and graduated from the old Central High School, George Washington University and GWU Medical School. He served in the Army Medical Corps at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, then returned to Washington to complete his residency training in pathology at George Washington University Hospital. LINK - www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1986/06/24/obituarie...

 

2. Dr. Charles Anthony Hoffman

(b.24 January 1904 in Ironton, Ohio – d. December 1981 at age 77 in Huntington, Cabell, West Virginia, United States)

 

Charles "Carl" Hoffman - Charles Anthony Hoffman - Dr. Hoffman was born Jan. 24, 1904, in Ironton, Ohio. His father, Charles A. Hoffman Sr., owned a grocery store and was a sometime inventor. Dr. Charles Anthony Hoffman, the new president of the American Medical Association, is a conservative from the hills of Appalachia who rose out of near poverty and survived a long illness and a series of personal reversals to make his way in life. “I had to work to eat,” he said of his youth in a statement reflecting the attitude of a self made man toward national welfare policies. Dr. Hoffman, who seldom uses his Christian name and is known as Carl, heads the nation's largest organization of physicians, with more than 200,000 members. He is the first West Virginian to become president of the A.M.A., which ended its five‐day convention here today. He developed his interest in urology, a branch of medicine dealing with the genitourinary tract, because of a kidney ailment that left him seriously ill when he was in his late twenties and early thirties. He died in 1981. LINK to his Find a Grave site - www.findagrave.com/memorial/156261913/charles_anthony-hof...a>

 

3. Dr. Max Horton Parrott

(b. 4 March 1915 in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan – d. 17 July 1987 at age 72 in Portland, Oregon)

 

Max H. Parrott / Canadian American obstetrician and gynecologist - ATLANTIC CITY, June 20 —The new president of the American Medical Association, Dr. Max Horton Parrott, is a surgeon with nine fingers and an unusual nerspective on the plight of the patient because he has a disorder that has seriously affected his hands. The right little finger of the Portland, Ore., obstetrician and gynecologist was amputated in a series of four operations over the last six years to repair extensive damage to his hands from the disorder called Dupuytren's contractures. Dr. Parrott was born 60 years ago in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, where his father farmed until he moved to Oregon as a salesman. Dr. Parrott's mother, who at age 83 flew here from Portland to attend her son's inauguaration as the A.M.A.'s 130th president, is descended from the Ferguson clan in Scotland. LINK - www.nytimes.com/1975/06/21/archives/a-new-perspective-at-...

 

4. Dr. Malcolm Clifford Todd

(b. 10 April 1913 in Carlyle, Illinois – d. 2 October 2000 at age 87 in Long Beach, Los Angeles, California)

Malcolm Todd - Malcolm C. Todd - Dr. Malcolm Todd, a former president of the American Medical Association who helped develop a precursor of the Medicare program, died Monday in Long Beach Memorial Medical Center. He was 87. In the late 1940s, as a Navy consultant, he collaborated with Adm. Jimmy James in developing a program that provided medical care to service members’ dependents. A longtime friend, Rhoda Weiss, a consultant to the medical center, said the program for military dependents served as a model when, in the 1950s, Dr. Todd advised U.S. officials on ways to provide health insurance to people 65 and older. Weiss said Presidents John Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson consulted Dr. Todd about plans for the Medicare program, which Johnson signed into law in 1965. Dr. Todd also served as a personal physician to President Richard Nixon and accompanied him on political campaigns in the 1950s. As president of the AMA in 1974 and 1975, Dr. Todd devoted much of his term to encouraging doctors to investigate unfit colleagues and to look for new policing mechanisms. Local medical societies, he said, often were “derelict in exercising their responsibilities.” LINK - www.chicagotribune.com/2000/10/06/malcolm-todd-headed-ama/ and LINK - pahx.org/bios/todd-malcolm-c/

 

5. Dr. Wesley W. Hall Sr.

(b. 11 July 1906 in Lumberton, Mississippi - d. 1 January 1978 at age 71 in Reno, Nevada) - LINK to his newspaper obituary - www.newspapers.com/article/reno-gazette-journal-obituary-...

Wesley W. Hall Sr. - Tall, craggy‐faced Wesley W. Hall is a surgeon in Reno, Nev., and current president of the American Medical Association. Often when he speaks in public in his slow western drawl with a faint undertone of his native Mississippi, his talk is larded with homely anecdotes and laced with Rotary Club jokes. Regarded as a conservative, he had defeated three other candidates in 1970 to become president‐elect and most people expected that he would be a bland, hale‐fellow‐well‐met presi dent after he took office a year later. But his inaugural address to the House of Delegates last June was an earth shaker, precipitating a bitter split in the leadership. Dr. Hall had said that the A.M.A. is losing credibility, not merely with much of the public, but within the profession itself. He listed among its problems a lack of interest on the part of young doctors, financial waste, managerial inefficiency, overlapping committees, ill‐defined responsibilities and cutthroat politics at the highest levels. And he called for a constitu tional convention to restructure the association. The president of the American Medical Association, saying “our house of medicine is in need of major repairs,” renewed his call today for a constitutional convention to overhaul the association's or ganizational and governing structure. Dr. Wesley W. Hall of Reno spoke shortly after the group had been urged by two of its councils to turn down his proposal for such a constitutional convention, first proposed at the organization's annual meeting last June in Atlantic City.

My other "normal pap smear" photos were clean and kind of scanty with cells, so here is what they typically look like. Looking for abnormal cells is like looking for a needle in a haystack......have to be alert at all times!

Pap Smears considered to be normal are signed out by a Cytotechnologist and results are released to the physician. If there are any abnormal cells found, the slide is taken to a Pathologist for final diagnosis and sign out, then results are released to the physician.

Lenin's Mausoleum (from 1953 to 1961 Lenin's and Stalin's Mausoleum) also known as Lenin's Tomb, is a mausoleum located at Red Square in Moscow, Russia. It serves as the resting place of Soviet leader Vladimir Lenin, whose preserved body has been on public display since shortly after his death in 1924, with rare exceptions in wartime. The outdoor tribune over the mausoleum's entrance was used by Soviet leaders to observe military parades. The structure, designed by Alexey Shchusev, incorporates some elements from ancient mausoleums such as the Step Pyramid, the Tomb of Cyrus the Great and, to some degree, the Temple of the Inscriptions.

 

History

Two days after Vladimir Lenin's death on 21 January 1924, architect Alexey Shchusev was tasked with building a structure suitable for viewing of the body by mourners. A wooden tomb, built in Red Square close to the Moscow Kremlin Wall, was ready on 27 January, the same day Lenin's coffin was placed inside. More than 100,000 Soviet citizens visited the tomb in the next six weeks. By the end of May, Shchusev had replaced the tomb with a larger, more elaborate mausoleum, and Lenin's body was transferred to a sarcophagus designed by architect Konstantin Melnikov. The new wooden mausoleum was opened to the public on 1 August 1924.

 

Pathologist Alexei Ivanovich Abrikosov had embalmed Lenin's body shortly after his death, with Boris Zbarsky and Vladimir Vorobiev later being tasked with its ongoing preservation. Zbarsky was soon assisted by his son Ilya Zbarsky, a recent graduate of Moscow University, who likened the work on Lenin's body to that of ancient Egyptian priests. In 1925, Boris Zbarsky and Vorobiev urged the Soviet government to replace the wooden structure after mold was found in the walls and even on the body itself. A new mausoleum of marble, porphyry, granite, and labradorite, designed by Shchusev, was completed in 1930. The mausoleum also served as a viewing stand for Soviet leaders to review military parades on Red Square.

 

Lenin's body has been on almost continuous public display inside the mausoleum since its completion in 1930. In October 1941, during the Second World War, known in Russia as the Great Patriotic War, when it appeared that Moscow might be captured, the body was evacuated to Tyumen in Siberia. After the war the body was returned and the tomb was re-opened. Between 1953 and 1961, the embalmed body of Joseph Stalin shared a spot next to Lenin's; Stalin's body was eventually removed as part of de-Stalinization and Khrushchev's Thaw, and buried in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis. Soviet sculptor Nikolai Tomsky designed a new sarcophagus for Lenin's body in 1973.

 

On 26 January 1924, the head of the Moscow Garrison issued an order to place the guard of honour, popularly known as the "Number One Sentry", at the mausoleum. The guard of honour was disbanded following the Russian constitutional crisis of 1993, but was restored at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Alexander Garden four years later.

 

Architectural features

In January 1925, the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee announced an international competition to design a stone tomb for Lenin's body. The commission received 117 suggestions and sketches. Among them, there were offered different variants: a ship with Lenin's figure on board, a round mausoleum in a shape of a globe, an analogue of an Egyptian pyramid and a mausoleum in a shape of the five-pointed star. But after considering the proposed designs, the commission decided to retain the image of a wooden mausoleum. Shchusev created some new drawings based on old sketches and made a model in granite, and his project was approved. It was decided to clad the new building with red granite, as well as black and grey labradorite.

 

The basement under the sarcophagus weighed twenty tonnes. It was installed on a thick layer of sand, and guarding piles–meant to protect the tomb from vibration–were driven around the slab. Altogether 2900 m2 of polished granite was required for the construction, each square metre of which was processed for three days on average. The upper slab of red Karelian Shoksha quartzite was placed on columns of granite, whose different species were specially brought to Moscow from all the republics of the USSR.

 

The stone mausoleum was completed October 1930, after sixteen months of construction. Compared to the previous wooden mausoleum, the new building was built three metres higher, the outer volume was increased 4.5 times – 5800 m³, and the inner volume 12 times, up to 2400 m³. Its total weight was about 10,000 tonnes. The mausoleum occupied the highest point on Red Square.

 

During construction, both the mausoleum and the necropolis were brought to a unified architectural design: differently characterised tombstones and monuments were removed, individual and collective burials at Nikolskaya and Spasskaya Towers were united, and the fence was redesigned and installed. Guest stands for ten thousand seats were installed on either side of the mausoleum.

 

Interiors

The mausoleum contains a vestibule, Mourning Hall and two staircases. Opposite the entrance is a huge granite block bearing the State Emblem of the Soviet Union.

 

Two staircases lead down from the vestibule. The left-hand staircase, measuring three meters wide, takes visitors down to the Funeral Hall. The walls of the descent are of grey labradorite. The Funeral Hall is a ten-meter cube with a stepped ceiling. A band of black labradorite runs across the entire room, on which pilasters of red porphyry are placed. Next to the pilasters are bands of bright red smalt, to the right of which are bands of black labradorite. This combination creates the effect of flames and banners flying in the wind. In the centre of the hall is a black pedestal with a sarcophagus.

 

The upper stepped slab of the sarcophagus is supported by four inconspicuous metal columns, which gives the impression that the slab is hanging in the air. The lower slab is covered in reddish jasper. The sarcophagus is made up of two inclined conical glasses, which are held together by a bronze frame. Illuminators and light filters are embedded in the upper part of the frame, giving an animating pink coloring and reducing heat. On either side of the sarcophagus are the battle and labour bronze banners, which appear satiny due to the special illumination. In the headboard is the Soviet State Emblem framed by oak and laurel branches. At the foot, there are branches twisted with ribbon.

 

The exit from the Funeral Hall to the right-hand staircase leads back to Red Square.

 

Preserving the body

One of the main problems the embalmers faced was the appearance of dark spots on Lenin's body, especially on the face and hands. They managed to solve the problem by the use of a variety of different reagents. While working on ways to preserve the body, Boris Zbarsky invented a new way to purify medical chloroform used for preservation. For example, if a patch of wrinkling or discoloration occurred, it was treated with a solution of acetic acid and ethyl alcohol diluted with water. Hydrogen peroxide could be used to restore the tissues' original coloring. Damp spots were removed by means of disinfectants such as quinine or phenol.[7] Lenin's remains are soaked in a solution of glycerol and potassium acetate on a yearly basis.[8] Synthetic eyeballs were placed in Lenin's orbital cavities to prevent his eye sockets from collapsing.

 

Until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the continued preservation work was funded by the Soviet government. After 1991 the government discontinued financial support, after which the mausoleum was funded by private donations. In 2016 the Russian government reversed its earlier decision and announced it would spend 13 million rubles to preserve Lenin's body.

 

Contemporary

Lenin's Mausoleum is open to the public on Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays and Sundays from 10:00–13:00. Visitors still queue to see Lenin's body, although queues are not as long as they once were. Entrance is free of charge. Before visitors are allowed to enter the mausoleum, they are searched by armed police or military guards. Visitors are required to show respect whilst inside the tomb: photography and filming inside the mausoleum are forbidden, as is talking, smoking, keeping hands in pockets or (unless female) wearing hats.

 

Since 1991 there has been discussion about moving Lenin's body to the Kremlin Wall Necropolis. Russian President Boris Yeltsin, with the support of the Russian Orthodox Church, intended to close the mausoleum and bury Lenin next to his mother, Maria Alexandrovna Ulyanova, at the Volkov Cemetery in St. Petersburg. Yeltsin's successor, Vladimir Putin, opposed this, stating that a reburial of Lenin would imply that generations of citizens had observed false values during seventy years of Soviet rule.

 

Lenin's Mausoleum has undergone several changes in appearance since the collapse of the Soviet Union. One of the first noticeable was the placement of gates at the staircases leading to the tribune. After the removal of the guard, this was necessary to prevent unauthorised usage of the tribune. Beginning in 2012, the mausoleum underwent foundation reconstruction, necessitated by the construction of a building attached to the mausoleum in 1983. The new building housed an escalator used by members of the Politburo to ascend the tribune. In 1995–96, when Yeltsin used the tribune, he used the staircase and not the escalator. The escalator was removed after the tribune became disused.

 

Following renovations, the mausoleum was reopened on 30 April 2013, in time for the 1 May celebration of "The Day of Spring and Labour". In 2018, RIA Novosti reported that Vladimir Petrov, a member of the legislative assembly of Leningrad Oblast, proposed creating a special commission in order to examine the question of the removal of Lenin's body from the mausoleum. Petrov seemed to be willing to replace the corpse with a copy made of synthetic resin.

 

In November 2018, Sergey Malinkovich, the central committee secretary of the Communists of Russia political party, called for the criminal prosecution of Vladimir Petrov for insulting religious believers by calling for Lenin’s preserved body to be buried. He said Petrov's proposal had violated the Criminal Code of Russia by insulting religious feelings and inciting hatred, and that he planned to "keep hounding" Petrov for his remarks.

 

Honours

The Hungarian People's Republic issued a postage stamp depicting it on 20 February 1952.

The Soviet Union issued postage stamps depicting it in 1925, 1934, 1944, 1946, 1947, 1948, and 1949.

 

The Moscow Kremlin Wall is a defensive wall that surrounds the Moscow Kremlin, recognisable by the characteristic notches and its Kremlin towers. The original walls were likely a simple wooden fence with guard towers built in 1156. The Kremlin walls, like many cathedrals in the Kremlin, were built by Italian architects.

 

History

One of the most symbolic constructions in Russia's history, the Moscow Kremlin Wall can be traced back to the 12th century when Moscow was founded in 1147. The original outpost was surrounded by the first walls in 1156, built by Yuri Dolgoruki, prince of Suzdal, which were most likely a simple wooden fence with guard towers. Destroyed in 1238 by the Mongol-Tartar invasion, the Moscow Kremlin was rebuilt by the Russian Knyaz Ivan Kalita. In 1339-1340 he erected a bigger fortress on the site of the original outpost which was defended by massive oak walls. Thought to be an impenetrable defence from raids, it was proven to be useless against raids which burned Moscow in 1365.

 

Nevertheless, the young knyaz Dmitry Donskoy in 1367 began a rebuilding of the fortress. All winter long from the Mukachyovo village 30 virsts (country miles) from Moscow, limestone was hauled back on sledges, allowing the construction of the first stone walls to begin the following spring. The walls successfully withstood two sieges during the Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1368–72). Within a few years the city was adorned with beautiful white-stone walls. Whilst it was successfully invaded by the Tatars again in 1382, the massive fortification suffered no damage.

 

Dmitry Donskoy's walls stood for over a century, and it was during this period that Muscovy rose as the dominant power in Northeastern Rus. By the end of the 15th century, however, it was clear that the old constructions had long passed their time and Czar Ivan the Great's visions. Between 1485 and 1495 a whole brigade of Italian architects took part in the erection of a new defence perimeter including Antonio Fryazin (Antonio Gilardi), Marko Fryazin (Marco Ruffo), Pyotr Fryazin (Pietro Antonio Solari) and Alexei Fryazin the Old (Aloisio da Milano). (The term Fryazin was used to refer to all people of Italian origin at this time). The new walls were erected by building on top of the older walls (some white stone can still be seen at the base in some places). The thickness and height was dramatically increased requiring many wooden houses which surrounded the Kremlin to be torn down.

 

In the following centuries Moscow expanded rapidly outside the Kremlin walls and as Russia's borders became more and more secure their defensive duty has all but passed. The cannons which were installed in the walls were removed after the turn of the 17th century, as was the second, smaller wall which repeated the perimeter on the outside. During the reign of Czar Alexei Romanov, the towers were built up with decorative spires and the walls were restored. However their historical mightiness was dampened as the material became brick not stone. Successive restorations of varying scale took place during the reigns of Empress Elizabeth and Alexander the First as well as the later Soviet and Russian times, preserving their original character and style.

 

Specifications

With an outer perimeter of 2,235 metres (7,333 ft), the Kremlin appears as a loose triangle, deviating from the geometric ideal on the southern side where instead of a straight line, it repeats the contours on the original hill on which the Kremlin rests. Because of this the vertical profile is by no means uniform, and the height at some places ranges from no more than 5 metres (16 ft) quadrupling to 19 metres (62 ft) elsewhere. The thickness of the walls also varies from 3.5 to 6.5 metres (11 to 21 ft).

 

The top of the walls, along their entire length, have outwardly-invisible battle platforms which also range from 2 to 4.5 metres (6 ft 7 in to 14 ft 9 in) in width (in proportion to the thickness). A total of 1,045 double-horned notched "teeth" crown the top of the walls, with a height ranging from 2 to 2.5 metres (6 ft 7 in to 8 ft 2 in) and thickness from 65 to 75 centimetres (26 to 30 in).

 

Some of the interior corridors inside the walls have rooms with no exterior illumination (kamoras) where particularly dangerous criminals were contained.

 

To date twenty towers survived, highlighting the walls. Built at a different time, the oldest one, Tainitskaya dates to 1485 whilst the newest one-Tsarskaya to 1680. Three of the towers, located in the corners of the castle have unique circular profiles. From the ground level it is only possible to enter six of the towers, the rest only from the walls.

 

Four gate towers exist, all crowned with ruby stars, they are Spasskaya, Borovitskaya, Troitskaya and Nikolskaya. Although up to the 1930 it was also possible to enter the Kremlin via the gates of Tainitskaya tower, however these were covered up yet leaving their portal clearly visible.

 

The main gates in the Spasskaya tower are normally (with the exception of official and religious ceremonies) closed to the public. The gates under the Nikolskaya tower are often used for service duties only. Visitors to the Kremlin normally enter the premises via the gates under the Troitksaya tower, except for those who wish to visit the Armoury chamber and the Treasury fond, which are accessible via the gates of the Borovitskaya tower.[citation needed]

 

Before 1917 it was also possible to book an excursion, lasting over two hours, to walk along the perimeter of the Kremlin walls, beginning at the Borovitskaya tower.

 

The southern part of the wall faces the Moskva River. The eastern part faces Red Square. The western part, formerly facing the Neglinnaya River, is now part of the Alexander Garden. The bridge which previously crossed the river still stands, and is done in the same style as the Kremlin wall.

 

Restoration

Various sections of the Moscow Kremlin Wall are periodically restored and the condition of the battlements is constantly monitored. In 2015, the largest restoration in recent memory began. Brickwork and white stone decorations were repaired along the 500-metre stretch. Some of the bricks were replaced with new ones made of the same materials using the old technology. Waterproofing works were carried out. For the first time in 150 years, the Troitskaya Tower was restored. In 2016, restoration work was carried out on a 500-metre-long section of the wall.

 

As part of the restoration, the Borovitskaya Tower was renovated and preparations were made to preserve three unique relief white-stone emblems on its outer corners. One of them is the oldest known emblem of the Moscow state in the era of Ivan III, established during the construction of the tower in 1490. It is planned to restore the removed drawing and transfer it to the Moscow Kremlin Museum for safekeeping, and a copy is to be made for the Borovitskaya Tower.

 

Kremlin walls are studied by non-destructive methods, for example, using geophysical radars and pits. During the pits, wooden piles used by ancient builders to compact soils were found. It was also during this period that the bases of the walls were examined for the first time. It was found out that the foundation was 7-11 metres deep and there were also found pieces of granite, presumably from Valday.

 

The Moscow Kremlin also simply known as the Kremlin, is a fortified complex in the center of Moscow. It is the best known of the kremlins (Russian citadels), and includes five palaces, four cathedrals, and the enclosing Kremlin Wall with Kremlin towers. In addition, within the complex is the Grand Kremlin Palace that was formerly the residence of the Russian emperor in Moscow. The complex now serves as the official residence of the Russian president and as a museum with almost three million visitors in 2017. The Kremlin overlooks the Moskva River to the south, Saint Basil's Cathedral and Red Square to the east, and Alexander Garden to the west.

 

The name kremlin means "fortress inside a city", and is often also used metonymically to refer to the Russian government. It previously referred to the government of the Soviet Union (1922–1991) and its leaders. The term "Kremlinology" refers to the study of Soviet and Russian politics.

 

The Kremlin is open to the public and offers supervised tours.

 

History

The site had been continuously inhabited by Finnic peoples (especially the Meryans) since the 2nd century BCE. The Slavs occupied the south-western portion of Borovitsky Hill as early as the 11th century, as evidenced by a metropolitan seal from the 1090s which was unearthed by Soviet archaeologists in the area. The Vyatichi built a fortified structure (or "grad") on the hill where the Neglinnaya River flowed into the Moskva River.

 

Up to the 14th century, the site was known as the "grad of Moscow". The word "Kremlin" was first recorded in 1331 (though etymologist Max Vasmer mentions an earlier appearance in 1320). The grad was greatly extended by Prince Yuri Dolgorukiy in 1156, destroyed by the Mongols in 1237 and rebuilt in oak by Ivan I Kalita in 1339.

 

Seat of grand dukes

Dmitri Donskoi replaced the oak palisade with a strong citadel of white limestone in 1366–1368 on the basic foundations of the current walls; this fortification withstood a siege by Khan Tokhtamysh. Dmitri's son Vasily I resumed construction of churches and cloisters in the Kremlin. The newly built Cathedral of the Annunciation was painted by Theophanes the Greek, Andrei Rublev, and Prokhor in 1406. The Chudov Monastery was founded by Dmitri's tutor, Metropolitan Alexis; while his widow, Eudoxia, established the Ascension Convent in 1397.

 

Residence of the tsars

Grand Prince Ivan III organised the reconstruction of the Kremlin, inviting a number of skilled architects from Renaissance Italy, including Petrus Antonius Solarius, who designed the new Kremlin wall and its towers, and Marcus Ruffus who designed the new palace for the prince. It was during his reign that three extant cathedrals of the Kremlin, the Deposition Church, and the Palace of Facets were constructed. The highest building of the city and Muscovite Russia was the Ivan the Great Bell Tower, built in 1505–1508 and augmented to its present height in 1600. The Kremlin walls as they now appear were built between 1485 and 1495. Spasskie gates of the wall still bear a dedication in Latin praising Petrus Antonius Solarius for the design.

 

After construction of the new kremlin walls and churches was complete, the monarch decreed that no structures should be built in the immediate vicinity of the citadel. The Kremlin was separated from the walled merchant town (Kitay-gorod) by a 30-meter-wide moat, over which Saint Basil's Cathedral was constructed during the reign of Ivan the Terrible. The same tsar also renovated some of his grandfather's palaces, added a new palace and cathedral for his sons, and endowed the Trinity metochion inside the Kremlin. The metochion was administrated by the Trinity Monastery and contained the graceful tower church of St. Sergius, which was described by foreigners as one of the finest in the country.

 

During the Time of Troubles, the Kremlin was held by the Polish forces for two years, between 21 September 1610 and 26 October 1612. The Kremlin's liberation by the volunteer army of prince Dmitry Pozharsky and Kuzma Minin from Nizhny Novgorod paved the way for the election of Mikhail Romanov as the new tsar. During his reign and that of his son Alexis and grandson Feodor, the eleven-domed Upper Saviour Cathedral, Armorial Gate, Terem Palace, Amusement Palace and the palace of Patriarch Nikon were built. Following the death of Alexis's son, Feodor, and the Moscow Uprising of 1682, Tsar Peter escaped with much difficulty from the Kremlin and as a result developed a dislike for it. Three decades later in 1703, Peter abandoned the residence of his forefathers for his new capital, Saint Petersburg.

 

The Golden Hall, a throne room with murals painted probably after 1547, was destroyed to make place for the Kremlin Palace, commissioned by Elizabeth of Russia and designed by architect Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli in 1752.

 

Imperial period

Although still used for coronation ceremonies, the Kremlin was abandoned and neglected until 1773, when Catherine the Great engaged Vasili Bazhenov to build her new residence there. Bazhenov produced a bombastic Neoclassical design on a heroic scale, which involved the demolition of several churches and palaces, as well as a portion of the Kremlin wall. After the preparations were over, construction was delayed due to lack of funds. Several years later the architect Matvey Kazakov supervised the reconstruction of the dismantled sections of the wall and of some structures of the Chudov Monastery and built the spacious and luxurious Offices of the Senate, since adapted for use as the principal workplace of the President of Russia.

 

During the Imperial period, from the early 18th and until the late 19th century, the Kremlin walls were traditionally painted white, in accordance with fashion.

 

French forces occupied the Kremlin from 2 September to 11 October 1812, following the French invasion of Russia. When Napoleon retreated from Moscow, he ordered the whole Kremlin to be blown up. The Kremlin Arsenal, several portions of the Kremlin Wall and several wall towers were destroyed by explosions and the Faceted Chamber and other churches were damaged by fire. Explosions continued for three days, from 21 to 23 October 1812. However, rain damaged the fuses, and the damage was less severe than intended. Restoration works were undertaken in 1816–1819, supervised by Osip Bove. During the remainder of the reign of Alexander I, several ancient structures were renovated in a fanciful neo-Gothic style, but many others, including all the buildings of the Trinity metochion, were condemned as "disused" or "dilapidated" and were torn down.

 

President of Russia

On visiting Moscow for his coronation festivities, Tsar Nicholas I was not satisfied with the Grand Palace (alias Winter Palace), which had been erected in the 1750s to the design of Francesco Rastrelli. The elaborate Baroque structure was demolished, as was the nearby church of St. John the Precursor, built by Aloisio the New in 1508 in place of the first church constructed in Moscow. The architect Konstantin Thon was commissioned to replace them with the Grand Kremlin Palace, which was to rival the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg in its dimensions and in the opulence of its interiors. The palace was constructed in 1839–1849, followed by the re-building of the Kremlin Armoury in 1851.

 

After 1851 the Kremlin changed little until the Russian Revolution of 1917. The only new features added during this period were the Monument to Alexander II and a stone cross marking the spot where in 1905 Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia was assassinated by Ivan Kalyayev. These monuments were destroyed by the Bolsheviks in 1918.

 

Soviet Period

The Soviet government moved from Petrograd (present-day Saint Petersburg) to Moscow on 12 March 1918. Vladimir Lenin selected the Kremlin Senate as his residence. Joseph Stalin also had his personal rooms in the Kremlin. He was eager to remove all the "relics of the tsarist regime" from his headquarters. Golden eagles on the towers were replaced by shining Kremlin stars, while the wall near Lenin's Mausoleum was turned into the Kremlin Wall Necropolis.

 

The Chudov Monastery and Ascension Convent, with their 16th-century cathedrals, were demolished to make room for the military school. The Little Nicholas Palace and the old Saviour Cathedral were pulled down as well.

 

During the Second World War, in order to confuse the German pilots, the towers were repainted with different colors and covered with wooden tents. Every roof was painted rusty brown so as to make them indistinguishable from typical roofs in the city. The grounds, paved with cobblestone, were covered up with sand. Tents painted to look like roofs were stretched over the gardens, and the facades of the buildings were also painted.

 

The residence of the Soviet government was closed to tourists until 1955. It was not until the Khrushchev Thaw that the Kremlin was reopened to foreign visitors. The Kremlin Museums were established in 1961, and the complex was among the first Soviet patrimonies inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1990.

 

Although the current director of the Kremlin Museums, Elena Gagarina (Yuri Gagarin's daughter), advocates a full-scale restoration of the destroyed cloisters, recent developments have been confined to expensive restoration of the original interiors of the Grand Kremlin Palace, which were altered during Stalin's rule.

 

Overall, during the Soviet rule (1917–1991), 28 out of 54 historic buildings in the Kremlin were destroyed (among them 17 out of 31 churches and cathedrals), most of them centuries-old.

 

State Kremlin Palace

The State Kremlin Palace (alias Kremlin Palace of Congresses), was commissioned by Nikita Khrushchev as a modern arena for Communist Party meetings and was built within the Kremlin walls 1959–1961. Externally the palace is faced with white marble and the windows are tinted and reflective. The construction replaced several heritage buildings, including the old neo-classical building of the State Armoury, and some of the rear parts of the Grand Kremlin Palace. The Palace was constructed and integrated into the larger complex of the Great Kremlin Palace with walkways linking it to the Patriarchal Chambers and the Terem Palace.

 

Buildings

The existing Kremlin walls and towers were built by Italian masters from 1485 to 1495. The irregular triangle of the Kremlin wall encloses an area of 275,000 square metres (2,960,000 sq ft). Its overall length is 2,235 metres (2,444 yards), but the height ranges from 5 to 19 metres (16 to 62 ft), depending on the terrain. The wall's thickness is between 3.5 and 6.5 metres (11 and 21 ft).

 

Originally there were eighteen Kremlin towers, but their number increased to twenty in the 17th century. All but three of the towers are square in plan. The highest tower is the Troitskaya, which was built to its present height of 80 metres (260 ft) in 1495. Most towers were originally crowned with wooden tents. The extant brick tents with strips of colored tiles date to the 1680s.

 

Cathedral Square is the heart of the Kremlin. It is surrounded by six buildings, including three cathedrals. The Cathedral of the Dormition was completed in 1479 to be the main church of Moscow and where all the Tsars were crowned. The massive limestone façade, capped with its five golden cupolas, was the design of Aristotele Fioravanti. Several important metropolitans and patriarchs are buried there, including Peter and Makarii. The gilded, three-domed Cathedral of the Annunciation was completed next in 1489, only to be reconstructed to a nine-domed design a century later. On the south-east of the square is the much larger Cathedral of the Archangel Michael (1508), where almost all the Muscovite monarchs from Ivan Kalita to Ivan V of Russia are interred. Also Boris Godunov was originally buried there but was moved to the Trinity Monastery.

 

There are two domestic churches of the Metropolitans and Patriarchs of Moscow, the Church of the Twelve Apostles (1653–1656) and the exquisite one-domed Church of the Deposition of the Virgin's Robe, built by Pskov artisans from 1484 to 1488 and featuring superb icons and frescoes from 1627 and 1644.

 

The other notable structure is the Ivan the Great Bell Tower on the north-east corner of the square, which is said to mark the exact center of Moscow and resemble a burning candle. Completed in 1600, it is 81 metres (266 feet) high. Until the Russian Revolution, it was the tallest structure in the city, as construction of buildings taller than that was forbidden. Its 21 bells would sound the alarm if any enemy was approaching. The upper part of the structure was destroyed by the French during the Napoleonic Invasion in 1812 and has been rebuilt. The Tsar bell, the largest bell in the world, stands on a pedestal next to the tower.

 

The oldest secular structure still standing is Ivan III's Palace of Facets (1491), which holds the imperial thrones. The next oldest is the first home of the royal family, the Terem Palace. The original Terem Palace was also commissioned by Ivan III, but most of the existing palace was built in the 17th century. The Terem Palace and the Palace of Facets are linked by the Grand Kremlin Palace. This was commissioned by Nicholas I in 1838. The largest structure in the Kremlin, it cost 11 million rubles to build and more than one billion dollars to renovate in the 1990s. It contains dazzling reception halls, a ceremonial red staircase, private apartments of the tsars, and the lower story of the Resurrection of Lazarus church (1393), which is the oldest extant structure in the Kremlin and the whole of Moscow.

 

The northern corner of the Kremlin is occupied by the Arsenal, which was built for Peter the Great in 1701. The southwestern section of the Kremlin holds the Armoury building. Built in 1851 to a Renaissance Revival design, it is currently a museum housing Russian state Regalia and Diamond Fund.

 

The haloalkaliphilic methylotrophic bacterium Methylophaga muralis (first called Methylophaga murata) was first isolated from deteriorating marble in the Kremlin.

Little's area of nose is the most common area of epistaxis. It is the place of anastomosis of four arteries - shown on the diagram.

 

Very important topic for exams. More coming.

 

#medical , #medicine , #studygram , #study , #anatomy , #physiology , #nosebleed , #c ,#epistaxis , #emergency , #anastomosis , #littles_area , #usmle , #step1 , #step_1 , #b ,#exam , #nose , #bleeding , #ent , #pathology , #patho , #pathologist , #mnemonic , #mnemonics , #studyabroad , #student , #education , #educate , #educational , #memory_aids , #usa , #residency , #first_aids , #first-aids , #first-aid , #first_aid , #a ,

 

Go to the Book with image in the Internet Archive

Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 16, Nos. 1-6, 1922

Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery

Publisher:

Sponsor:

Contributor:

Date: 1922-01

Language: eng

  

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Table of Contents</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 1</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE v</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS vi</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES:</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Mosquito eradication.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander A. H. Allen, Medical Corps, U. S. N 1 </p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Hospital morale.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Colonel E. L. Munson, Medical Corps, U. S. A 8</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The pathologist as an essential factor in clinical diagnosis.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander J. Harper, Medical Corps, U. S. N 14</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Tonsillectomy, a surgical procedure.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander G. B. Trible, Medical Corps, U. S. N 17</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Cholelithiasis.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander W. A. Brums, Medical Corps, U. S. N.R. F 25</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HISTORICAL :</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">With Anson to Juan Fernandez, Part I.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander W. M. Kerr, Medical Corps, U. S. N 35 </p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">EDITORIAL:</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">U. S. Naval Medical Bulletin —On a correspondence course for Naval

Medical Officers —On The Danger Of Using Strong Solutions Of Phenol In The Ear 43</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">IN MEMORIAM:</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Andrew Reginold Wentworth, 1859-1921 49</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HONORS AND DISTINCTIONS 51</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES :</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BRONCHO-PNEUMONIA AND BRONCHOSTENOSIS FOLLOWING APPENDECTOMY.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander I. W. Jacobs, Medical Corps, U. S. N_ 57</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Report of four surgical cases.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander J. J. A. McMullin, Medical Corps, U. S. N 58</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Chronic cholecystitis.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant C. S. Norburn, Medical Corps, U. S. N 63</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">One hundred mastoid operations.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant J. W. Green, Medical Corps, U. S. N 89</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES :</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">General medicine. — Study of transfused blood.— Oral administration of

pituitary extract. —Causes and treatment of high blood pressure.—Pernicious

anemia. —Differential diagnosis between varicella and variola. — Predisposing

factor in diphtheria. —Chronic nephritis 71</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Surgery. —First-aid work on shore with Royal Naval Division. — Surgery

of naval wounded in hospital yachts and small craft. —Non-surgical drainage of

the biliary tract S9 Tropical medicine. —Course of migration of ascaris larvae.

—Treatment of fluke diseases. —Laboratory observations on malaria. — Leprosy.

—Tuberculosis in Hongkong. —Feeding habits of stegomyia calopus. —Mononuclear

leucocyte count in malaria 97</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Chemistry. —Experimental studies in diabetes. —Experimental studies in

diabetes. —Experiments on raw white of egg. —Antiscorbutic action of raw

potato. —Diet in hyperthyroidism. —Botulism. — Pituitary extract and histamine

in diabetes insipidus. —Protein in the cerebrospinal fluid. —Urine in pellagra.

—Acidosis in operative surgery. —Fats and Lipoids in blood after hemorrhage. —

Albumin, lymphocytic cells, and tubercle bacilli in sputum. — Nitrous oxide and

cholemia.— Lipoids in treatment of drug addiction disease.— Modification of

action of adrenaline by chloroform. — Anesthetic and convulsant effects of

gasoline vapors. —Absorption of local anesthetics through the genito-urlnary

organs. — Occult blood in the feces. —lTse of iodine for disinfecting the skin.

— Food value of various fats. —Chloride metabolism. —Urine hemolysis

coefficient. —Hemolytic substances in human urine. — Glucemia and glucosuria.

—Pharmacology of some benzyl esters.—Indican In water as an aid to hygienic

water analysis. —Relation of dextrose of blood to antipyrine. — Toxic effects

of chlorine antiseptics in</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">dogs. —Reaction to epiuephrin administered by rectum. — Renal

excretion. — Effect of water diuresis on the elimination of certain urinary

constituents 100</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Eye, eak, nose, and throat. —Eye disease due to syphilis and trypanosomiasis

among negroes of Africa. —Lung abscess following tonsillectomy 111</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Montaigne and medicine. —Venereal prophylaxis in Pacific Fleet. —

Benzyl benzoate. — Expedition of London School of Tropical Medicine to British

Guiana. —National board of medical examiners. — Papers by naval medical

officers. —Chaulmoogra oil in tuberculosis.—An operating room 100 years ago ,

133</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS :</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Instruction at Oteen.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Miss E. L. Hehir, Chief Nurse, U. S. N 121</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Letter From Surgeon General To Director Of Department Of Nursing,

American Red Cross 122</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIGEST OF DECISIONS 125</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES 131</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">QUERIES 139</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE STATISTICS, LETTERS, ORDERS, NEW LEGISLATION,

MOVEMENTS OF OFFICERS AND NURSES 141</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 2</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE v</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS vi</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Size of the normal heart, a teleroentgen study.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander H. W. Smith and Lieutenant Commander W. A. Bloedorn,

Medical Corps, U. S. N 218 Physical development of midshipmen.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant E. B. Taylor, Medical Corps, U. S. N 239</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Some elements of leadership.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By E. L. Munson, Colonel, Medical Corps, U. S. A 251</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HISTORICAL:</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">With Anson to Juan Fernandez, part II.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander W. M. Kerr, Medical Corps, U. S. N<span>  </span>265</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">EDITORIAL :</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">On the making of abstracts —on the expression of visual acuity in

medical reports 280</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SUGGESTED DEVICES :</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A FORM " X " CARD.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Captain A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, U. S. N 283</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES :</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Results of refraction of seventy-six midshipmen.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant F. A. Hughes, Medical Corps, U. S. N 285</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Recurrence in a case of hydatid disease.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant C. S. Norburn, Medical Corps, U. S. N 288</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A DIAGNOSTIC SIGN DIFFERENTIATING BETWEEN ERUPTIONS CAUSED BY COWPOX

VACCINATION AND THOSE DUE TO SMALLPOX AND CHICKEN POX.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander P. R. Stalnaker, Medical Corps, U. S. N 290</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Report of three "hallux valgus" (bunion ) operations, using Mayo's

technique.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander A. H. Robnett, Medical Corps, U. S. N 291</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REPORTS :</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The hospital standardization program of the American College of Surgeons.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander R. C. Holcomb, Medical Corps, U. S. N 293</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">General Medicine. —Chronic myocarditis and its management. — Experiments

on the preservation of lemon juice and prevention of scurvy. —Scurvy : A system

of prevention for a polar expedition based on present-day knowledge. —Venous

puncture by means of steel needles.— Wassermann reaction 301</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Surgery. —First aid work on shore with Royal Naval Division.— Hypertrophic

tuberculosis of the ileocecal region. —Importance of examination of patients by

the anesthetist previous to anesthesia. —Experimental and histological

investigation of rectal fistulas. —Treatment of fractures of the humerus by

suspension and traction. — Fractures of the head and neck of the radius 310</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Tropical Medicine.—Oriental Sores. —Afebrile quartan malaria with

urticaria. —Three schistosomes in Natal which possibly attack man.—Cultivation

of trichomonas hominis. —Acute bacillnry dysentery. —Monilias of the

gastro-intestinal tract in relationship to sprue.—Hookworm infection in Brazil.

—Relapsing fever in Panama. —Treatment of kala-azar with some antimonial

preparations. —Human infection with Isospora hominis. —Etiology of gangosa and

its relation to papulocircinate yaws 324 Physiological Chemistry. —Ion

migration between cells and plasma. —Experimental rickets in rats. —Extraction

and concentration of vitamines. —Respiration and blood alkali during carbon

monoxide asphyxia. —Antiketogenesis. —The Effect of heat and oxidation upon

antiscorbutic vitamine.—Production of rickets by diets low in phosphorus and

fat-soluble A. vitamines. —Effect of muscular exercise upon certain common

blood constituents. — Comparative influence of green and dried plant tissue,

cabbage, orange juice, and cod liver oil on calcium assimilation. —Method for

the determination of sugar in normal urine. —Parathyroids and creatinine.

—Variations in the acid-base balance of the blood. — Thiocyanate content of the

saliva and urine in pellagra 329</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Eye, ear, nose, and throat.—Use of scarlet red emulsion in atrophic

rhinitis (ozena). Accessory sinus blindness 329</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Spiders in Medicine. —Meeting of the American Academy of Ophthalmology

and Oto-laryngology. —Meeting of the American Dietetic Association. —Japanese

medical world. —Some submarine notes. — School of Tropical Medicine at

Calcutta. —Army method of han dling syphilis. —Prophylactic vaccination for the

prevention of pneumonia 339</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS 351</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIGEST OF DECISIONS 353</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES 355</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">QUERIES 361</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES ON PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, PREVENTIVE MEDICINE STATISTICS, LETTERS,

ORDERS, NEW LEGISLATION, MOVE MENTS OF OFFICERS AND NURSES 363</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 3</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE<span>  </span>v</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS VI</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Revaccination Against Smallpox And A Discussion Of Immunity Following

Cowpox Vaccination.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant E. Peterson, Medical Corps, U. S. N 411</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Some elements of leadership.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Colonel E. L. Munson, Medical Corps, U. S. N 433</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Hyperthyroidism.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander T. W. Reed, Medical Corps, U. S. N 454</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HISTORICAL:</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The history of anesthesia in America.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Captain J. S. Taylor, Medical Corps, U. S. N 461</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A history of blood transfusion.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander W. M. Kerr, Medical Corps, U. S. N__ 465</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">EDITORIAL :</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">On education for our idle hours. On line of duty 477</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SUGGESTED DEVICES :</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The technique of making and staining frozen sections.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander J. Harper, Medical Corps, U. S. N 481</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES :</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Neurosyphilis.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander H. Butts and Lieutenant W. M. Alberty, Medical

Corps, U. S. N 483</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Treatment of surgical ulcers of stomach and duodenum.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander J. J. A. McMullin, Medical Corps, U. S. N 497</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Foreign body in the right lower bronchus.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant J. W. Green, Medical Corps, U. S. N 506</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES :</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">General medicine. —Treatment of gastric ulcer. —Meningococcus

infection. —Syphilis of the heart. — Standard of cure in gonorrhea. —

Provocative procedures in diagnosis of syphilis.—Intraspinal treatment of

neurosyphilis. —Dissemination of spirochseta pallida from the primary focus of

infection. —Abdominal syphilis.—Pulmonary syphilis.—Diagnosis and treatment of

early syphilis. —Reinfection and curability in syphilis. —Local and general

spirochetosis. —Use of arsphenamine in nonsyphilitic diseases.—Prophylaxis of

syphilis with arsphenamine 509</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Surgery. —Epitheliomata of thymic origin.—Surgical treatment of

epithelioma of the Hp. —Light and heat treatment of epididymitis-- 521</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Tropical medicine. — Recent progress in medical zoology. — Intravenous

injection of antimony tartrate in bilharzia disease.—Complexion of malaria

cases. —Standard treatment of malaria 524</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Physiological chemistry. —Determination of the basal metabolism from

the carbon-dioxide elimination.—Supplementary values of proteins. — Studies in

the vitamine content. — Sampling bottle for Sins analysis. —Fat-soluble

vitamine. —Effect of hydrochloric acid ingestion upon composition of urine in

man 530</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Eye, ear, nose, and throat.—Conditions predisposing to hemorrhage in

tonsil operations. —Statistical record of serious and fatal hemorrhage

following operation on the tonsil 540</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Tenth revision of the United States Pharmacopoeia.— Vaccine in the

prevention of pneumonia. -—Three old books. —Removal of stains from wash goods.

—Health of the French Mediterranean fleet during the war. —Treatment of

poisoning due to the venom of a snake. —Annual health report of the German Navy

543</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS 561</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIGEST OF DECISIONS 567</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES 569</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">QUERIES 572</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS, LETTERS, ORDERS, NEW LEGISLATION,

MOVEMENTS OF OFFICERS AND NURSES 574</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 4</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE , v</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS VI</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES:</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Medical aspects of gas warfare.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant G. H. Mankin, Medical Corps, U. S. N 641</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The alcohol question in Sweden.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander J. S. Taylor, Medical Corps, U. S. N 649</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The social service worker and the ex-service man.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant J. T. Boone, Medical Corps, U. S. N 653</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Review of the reorganization of the sanitary and public health work in

the Dominican Republic under the United States military government of Santo

Domingo.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander R. Hayden, Medical Corps, U. S. N 657</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Some lessons of the World War in medicine and surgery from the German

viewpoint.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander W. S. Bainbridge, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R, F 672</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HISTORICAL :</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">James Inderwick, Surgeon, United States Navy, 1818-1815.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Captain F. L. Pleadwell, Medical Corps, U. S. N 699</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">EDITORIAL :</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The three horsemen and the body louse 713</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES:</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Note on the use of Mercurochrome-220 within the peritoneum.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander Lucius W. Johnson, Medical Corps,</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">U. S. N 717</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Ten-second sterilization.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander H. E. Harvey, Dental Corps, U. S. N. 717</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The use of Mercurochrome-220 in infected wounds.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant W. L. Martin, Medical Corps, U. S. N 718</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Notes on motor points.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Commander W. S. Bainbridge, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F__ 719</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES: </p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Tropical medicine. —Treatment of human trypanosomiasis with

tryparsamide. —Wassermann reaction in malaria. —Wassermann reaction in malarial

fevers. — Rat repression by sexual selection. — Case of tubercular leprosy

treated by intravenous injections of stibenyl. —Bismuth-emetine treatment for

amebic dysentery and amebiasis. —Malaria incidence on the Canal

Zone.—Experiment of leper segregation in the Philippines.— Detection of Lamblla

lntestlnalls by means of duodenal tube. —Balantidium coll and pernicious

anemia. —Tropical myositis. —Differential diagnosis of the common intestinal

amebae of man.—Contributions to the biology of the Danish culicidae. —Treatment

of sleeping sickness. —Bilharzia disease treated with tartar emetic.

—Iso-agglutination group percentages of Filipino bloods.—Public health in the

Dominican Republic , 721</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Chemistry. —Metabolism of the man of the Tropics. —Disturbances in the

development of mammalian embryos caused by radium emanation. —Ammonia content

of the blood and its bearing on the mechanism of acid neutralization in the

animal organism 735</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS:</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Dispersion of flies by flight.—International Association of the History

of Medicine. —Incineration of latrine contents. —Far Eastern Association of

Tropical Medicine. —Care of the sick and wounded of the North Russia

Expeditionary Force. —Manufacture of soft soap. —the upkeep of rats. —Erratum

739</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS 749</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIGEST OF DECISIONS 7B9</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES 768</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">QUERIES<span>   </span>767</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS, LETTERS, ORDERS, NEW LEGISLATION,

MOVEMENTS OF OFFICERS AND NURSES 769</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 5</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE V</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS vi</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">ON THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Surgeon Captain Masaharu Kojlma, Imperial Japanese Navy. 821</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Aviation medicine in the United States Navy.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant J. F. Neuberger, Medical Corps, U. S. N 834</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Pyelonephritis : A critical review of one hundred cases.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander O. C. Foote, Medical Corps, U. S. N— 844</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Recurrent hernia.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander Lucius W. Johnson, Medical Corps, U. S. N 849</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Meningococcus septicemia.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander W. A. Bloedorn, Medical Corps, U. S. N 855</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HISTORICAL:</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Peter St. Medard, surgeon in the Navy of the United States.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander W. M. Kerr, Medical Corps, U. S. N. 867</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The study of medicine in Strasbourg.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Captain J. S. Taylor, Medical Corps, U. S. N 874</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">EDITORIAL :</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">On the acquisition of useless knowledge. —ON the conservation of gauze

877</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">CLINICAL NOTES :</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Report of a case of shark bite.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander C. R. Baker and Lieutenant C. W. Rose, Medical

Corps, U. S. N 881</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A practical treatment of acute ulcerative gingivitis.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant C. R. Wells, Dental Corps, U. S. N 885</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REPORTS: </p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">A report of the international standardization of sera 885</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES:</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">General Medicine. —Metabolism in pellagra. —-One thousand one hundred

goiters in one thousand seven hundred eighty-three persons. —Diphtheria carriers

and their treatment with mercurochrome.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">—Method for determination of death by drowning. — Strain in

Spirochetes. —Hereditary blood qualities 889</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Surgery. —Peri-arterial sympathetlcs. —Factors in bone repair.

—Operations on the gall bladder and bile ducts. —Operative procedures for

different kinds of goiter. —Varicose ulcers. —Cancer of the tongue 896</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Tropical Medicine.—La maladie des oedemes a Java. —Dysentery.— Dysentery.

—Natural immunity of wild rats to plague.— Charcot-Leyden crystals in the

stools as an aid to the diagnosis of entamoebic</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">dysentery. —Glycosuria of malarial origin. —Dermatitis venenata

produced by an irritant present in stem sap of the mango. —Treatment of

trichuriasis with Leche de Higueron. — Malaria in Eastern Cuba. —Dhobie itch

produced by inoculating with a culture of Epidermophyton rubrtim. —Ueber eineu

Fall von Filaria loa 901</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS :</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The immunization of adults with the diphtheria toxin-antitoxin mixture.

— Smallpox in the colony of Bahamas. — Meeting of Royal Society of Tropical

Medicine and Hygiene. —Curative effects of chaulmoogra oil derivatives on

leprosy. — Virulence of tubercle bacilli under changing environment. —Malaria

in Bulgaria. — Methods of drainage. — Use of white lead in paints. —A method of

preventive inoculation for smallpox. — Paper on hospital ship ventilation. —</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Papers by medical officers of the Navy 907</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS 919</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIGEST OF DECISIONS 923</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES 929</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">QUERIES 935</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS, LETTERS, ORDERS, NEW LEGISLATION,

MOVEMENTS OF OFFICERS AND NURSES 937</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Number 6</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;"> </p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREFACE v</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS vi</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SPECIAL ARTICLES :</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Hydrogen-ion concentration.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander C. W. O. Bunker. Medical Corps, U. S. N 973</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Aviation medicine in the United States Navy.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant J. F. Neuberger, Medical Corps, U. S. N 083</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Developments in the diagnosis and treatment of syphilis.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant L. W. Shaffer, Medical Corps, U. S. N 1011</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">HISTORICAL:</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The old anatomical school at Padua.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant Commander W. M. Kerr, Medical Corps, U. S. N- 1015</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">EDITORIAL:</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">On carbon monoxide asphyxia. —On the habit of reading 1029</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">SUGGESTED DEVICES :</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">The method of preparing colloidal gold solution used at the U. S. Naval

Medical School.</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">By Lieutenant J. Harper, Medical Corps, U. S. N., and Chief Pharmacist

C. Schaffer. Medical Corps, U. S. N 1037</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES:</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">General Medicine. —Prognostic significance of persistent high blood

pressure. — Standardization of the Wassermann reaction. —Modern conceptions of

the treatment of syphilis. —Treatment of neurosyphilis. —Treatment of visceral

syphilis. —New technique for staining Treponema pallida. —Method of

demonstration of spirochteta pallida in the tissues 1041</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Surgery. —Postoperative pulmonary complications 1051</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Tropical Medicine. —Activities of infective hookworm larvae in the

soil. —Use of carbon letrachlorid for removal of hookworms — Hemotoxins from

parasitic worms. — Specific treatment of malaria. —Malaria epidemic in Naras in

1918. —Dysentery. — Une nouvelle maladie a bacilles acido-resistants qui n'est

ni la tuberculose, ni la lepre. —Malaria epidemic caused by M. Sinensis. —

Vesical bilharziasis, indigenous to Portugal. —An exceptional tropical

ulceration 1053</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Physiological Chemistry. —Action of antispasmodic drugs on the

bronchus. —Methanol on trial.— Nature of beriberi and related diseases. —Ethyl

alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine on the behavior of rats in a maze. —Biliary

obstruction required to produce Jaundice.—Transfused blood.— Anthelmintics and

hookworm treat ment.—Chemotherapy. —Influence of morphine in experimental

septicemia.— Fumigation with formaldehyde. —Lesions in bones of rats suffering

from uncomplicated berberi 1062</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Eye, ear, nose, and throat. —Nose, throat, and ear requirements of

airmen. —Septicemia and death following streptococcus tonsillitis.— Gangosa.—

Iritis caused by focal infection.— Episcleritis.. 1065</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NOTES AND COMMENTS :</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Toxic effects of picric acid. —Chemical warfare. — Destruction of the

dirigible ZR-2.—Outbreaks of plague in South Africa. —Relation of species of

rat fleas to the spread of plague. —Diary of William</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Clift. —Medicine in art. —Therapeutic index of silver arsphenamin.

—Antiscorbutic vitamins contained in dehydrated fruits. — Hookworm survey.

—Treatment of amoebic dysentery 1071</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">REPORTS :</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">Report of the health of the Royal Air Force for the year 1920. 1083</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">NURSE CORPS 1095</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">DIGEST OF DECISIONS 1099</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">BOOK NOTICES 1103</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">QUERIES 1111</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">PREVENTIVE MEDICINE STATISTICS, LETTERS, ORDERS 1115</p>

 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">INDEX i</p>

  

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50 years ago, on Saturday, February 21, 1959, two doctors flew from Hanover, New Hampshire (the home of Dartmouth College and its Medical school) north to the New Hampshire town of Berlin. The younger doctor, Robert Quinn, was my father and, at 32 years old, had already made a name for himself as a specialist in chest medicines – diseases of the heart and lungs. He had been asked to see an ailing patient at the Berlin hospital an arduous trip by automobile in those days, but a short one by airplane. The older man, Ralph Miller, 60, was an esteemed medical leader – A pathologist. President of the local medical society, and known for his clinical acumen as well as for his research interests. He was also an accomplished pilot, having led expeditions into remote parts of Alaska by airplane. He was very active in aviation matters, and in fact was a charter member of the Lebanon, New Hampshire, Civil Air Patrol. He had an interest in survival medicine as well. He had made the trip to Berlin and back countless times in all kinds of weather. He could make the trip in half an hour in good weather, and no more than an hour in bad.

 

The airplane was a shiny new Piper Comanche, very fast with retractable landing gear. Miller purchased it the year before. One very early childhood memory is of stepping into that newly purchased plane with my father and Dr. Miller. They strapped me, cheeks flushed, breathless with anticipation, firmly into the back seat. Our engine started when Dr. Miller turned a key in his fabulous panel of gleaming instruments. I remember watching out my window from the back seat to see a man step to the front of his airplane, a little yellow one, and pull the propeller downward with all his force so it would catch and cough. I was afraid the propeller would chop him to bloody pieces. Mostly I remember wanting to get my hands on the controls and my father looking back to the back and admonishing me with some humor and some anxiety. I could see the switching yard of White River Junction far below us through the right window as we made a tight turn. I must have been about 3 years old, but I remember these things clearly. My brother was not yet two and does not recall my father.

 

Maybe less than a year later, my father and Dr. Miller boarded that same plane. The weather that day was cloudy with patches of bright blue. The forecast called for deterioration and finally the arrival of a severe cold front from the North West sometime in the mid-afternoon.

 

They flew north without difficulty and parted at the Berlin airport. My father wore comfortable light clothing as it was not too cold and as he would be spending most of the day in heated buildings, cars and of course the Piper.

 

Dr. Miller continued on his rounds, visiting the northern New Hampshire towns of Lancaster and Whitefield. His instructor on the new plane later reported that Dr. Miller had asked for suggestions on how to fly in unstable weather. He had advised him to put the flaps and wheels down and to throttle back the engine.

 

This is the part of New Hampshire that is home to Mount Washington, record holder for the highest winds and coldest temperatures in the continental United States. It is also known for its deep, sheer-walled valleys. The longest and sheerest is just north of Lincoln New Hampshire on what is now Highway 93. Its narrowest spot is called Franconia Notch, very near the rock feature called “The old Man of the Mountain, ” at least near it before the old man collapsed into rubble about a decade ago. The White Mountains -- road-less and not traveled in the winter except by the heartiest of cross country skiers -- are just to the east.. At its heart is the Pemigewassett Wilderness, as isolated a place as you can find in New Hampshire.

 

On that day, as best as I can piece it together, Dr. Miller made several trips through the notch, reporting conditions that he said were among the worst he’d seen. There were snow flurries when he flew out of Whitefield airport at 1:15pm. He had told Shirley Mahn, the Whitefield airport operator, that he would feel better with ten more gallons of fuel on board, but he had enough for at least two hours of flying. His Piper required high 91-octane fuel and none of the airports around him had it. The weather continued to deteriorate and Shirley Mahn’s husband, Dick, later became so concerned that he called the Lebanon airport – far to the south -- at 3:20 pm, and was reassured that Dr. Miller hand canceled his flight plan and therefore was still in Berlin.

 

My father returned to the Berlin airport at about 2-2:30 pm. The two doctors had lunch while they waited for the weather to clear. Eventually the two boarded the plane. At one point Dr. Miller started his engine and then stopped it again. It is said that they taxied to the end of the runway and then returned. Perhaps the weather seemed to clear and it would be getting dark in an hour or so. In any case they made a final trip to the end of the runway, revved the engine and took off. The last credible witness to see them reported a little Piper flying level with its flaps and landing gear down. He saw it rise into a ragged cloud and disappear from view.

 

Not long after, another pilot flying higher and above some of the storm heard a pilot attempting to contact Whitfield airport. The voice seemed calm, but called 27 times without getting a reply. Later, at about 3:30p, another pilot had to land his sturdy Ford Tri-motor – precursor to the DC3 -- on the highway because of extreme weather in front of him. He described it as coming on like squall line and violent. No more was heard of the little Piper.

 

The front probably made it to Hanover and our home sometime after 5pm. It seems extraordinary that I remember the storm, but I do. It was dark and very scary: howling wind rattled our big picture windows and lightning and thunder flashed through our living room. I remember huddling with my mother and brother bravely making fun of Mr. Thunderstorm, a brave threesome. And now I know that her worries were greater than ours.

 

My mother used to tell me that Dr. Miller’s great experience had taught him that there is always clear weather behind a storm front, but she said that this was the worst storm in 40 years. She thought he had no business taking off into weather like that. My uncle told me that my father could be impatient and wanted to get home to his young family as much as Dr. Miller. He would have been urging him to take off, he said. I find that comforting and probably true. I like the idea that he was a participant in the fateful decision.

 

The set: www.flickr.com/photos/gcquinn/sets/72157614857803871/

 

More to come.

 

Here's is the power team that made Hansen Elementary's kindergarten classes' literacy proficiency rates soar: Back left to right: Principal Savannah Swestka, Reading Teacher Jennifer Tjaden, Speech Language Pathologist Heather Monat, Paraeducators, Rhonda Craft and Tiffany Tentinger

Front row left to right: Kindergarten Teachers Kristin Poppens, Jaci Feuss, Marisa Bauer (not pictured Erika Goulden) Read the story: rb.gy/4yety

dji mini 2

 

Villa Della Porta Bozzolo at Casalzuigno in the province of Varese, northern Italy. It was donated by the heirs of the Italian senator and pathologist Camillo Bozzolo to the Fondo per l'Ambiente Italiano—the National Trust of Italy—who now manage it.

Due to the limited amount of space in front of the building, Porani elected to arrange the grounds lengthwise from the bottom to the top, in parallel with the villa's facade, thus contravening the established design norms according to which the garden should have been in line with the main reception rooms.

As such, four large terraces were created, on different levels, connected by a majestic staircase with balustrades, statues and fountains. Later years saw the addition of the ''theatre'', perhaps the most innovative element of the gardens: a large sloping lawn closed off by a sizeable fish pond and a steep path (perhaps once flanked by cypresses), surrounded by woodland and stretching out on the Belvedere hill right to the edge of the estate.

 

Villa Della Porta Bozzolo in Casalzuigno in de provincie Varese in Noord-Italië. Het werd door de erfgenamen van de Italiaanse senator en patholoog Camillo Bozzolo geschonken aan de Fondo per l'Ambiente Italiano- de Nationale Trust van Italië - die het nu beheert.

Vanwege de beperkte ruimte aan de voorkant van het gebouw koos Porani ervoor om het terrein in de lengterichting van beneden naar boven te rangschikken, parallel aan de gevel van de villa.

Zo ontstonden vier grote terrassen op verschillende niveaus, verbonden door een majestueuze trap met balustrades, beelden en fonteinen. In latere jaren werd het ''theater'' toegevoegd, misschien wel het meest innovatieve element van de tuinen: een groot glooiend grasveld, afgesloten door een grote visvijver en een steil pad (misschien ooit geflankeerd door cipressen), omringd door bossen en dat zich uitstrekte over de Belvedere-heuvel tot aan de rand van het landgoed.

This was a retirement cake for a pathologist. The base cake is 14" square

Subject: McCulloch, Lucia 1873-1955

       United States Bureau of Plant Industry

 

Type: Black-and-white photographs

 

Date: 1913

 

Topic: Botany

     Plant diseases

     Women scientists

 

Local number: SIA Acc. 90-105 [SIA2008-5632]

 

Summary: Lucia McCulloch (1873-1955) was an assistant pathologist in the U.S. Department of Agriculture Bureau of Plant Industry, where she worked on crown gall and gladiolus diseases and pests and collaborated with botanist Nellie Adalesa Brown

 

Cite as: Acc. 90-105 - Science Service, Records, 1920s-1970s, Smithsonian Institution Archives

 

Persistent URL:Link to data base record

 

Repository:Smithsonian Institution Archives

 

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