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Pavia (UK: /ˈpɑːviə/ PAH-vee-ə, US: /pəˈviːə/ pə-VEE-ə, Italian: [paˈviːa] ⓘ, Lombard: [paˈʋiːa]; Latin: Ticinum; Medieval Latin: Papia) is a town and comune of south-western Lombardy, in Northern Italy, 35 kilometres (22 miles) south of Milan on the lower Ticino near its confluence with the Po. It has a population of c. 73,086. The city was the capital of the Ostrogothic Kingdom from 540 to 553, of the Kingdom of the Lombards from 572 to 774, of the Kingdom of Italy from 774 to 1024 and seat of the Visconti court from 1365 to 1413.
Quick Facts Country, Region ...
Pavia is the capital of the fertile province of Pavia, which is known for a variety of agricultural products, including wine, rice, cereals, and dairy products. Although there are a number of industries located in the suburbs, these tend not to disturb the peaceful atmosphere of the town. It is home to the ancient University of Pavia (founded in 1361 and recognized in 2022 by the Times Higher Education among the top 10 in Italy and among the 300 best in the world), which together with the IUSS (Institute for Advanced Studies of Pavia), Ghislieri College, Borromeo College, Nuovo College, Santa Caterina College, and the Istituto per il Diritto allo Studio (EDiSU), belongs to the Pavia Study System. The 15th-century Policlinico San Matteo is one of the most important hospitals in Italy. Pavia is the episcopal seat of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Pavia. The city possesses many artistic and cultural treasures, including several important churches and museums, such as the well known Certosa di Pavia. The municipality of Pavia is part of the Ticino Valley Natural Park and preserves two forests (Strict nature reserve Bosco Siro Negri and Bosco Grande nature reserve) that they show us the original state of the nature of the Po valley before the arrival of the Romans, before human settlement.
Hesperiidae, Pyrginae, Eudamini, Tarsoctenus papias.
Via Nuevo Paraiso, Reserva Natural Maycu, Nangaritza, Zamora Chinchipe, Ecuador
Pavia (UK: /ˈpɑːviə/ PAH-vee-ə, US: /pəˈviːə/ pə-VEE-ə, Italian: [paˈviːa] ⓘ, Lombard: [paˈʋiːa]; Latin: Ticinum; Medieval Latin: Papia) is a town and comune of south-western Lombardy, in Northern Italy, 35 kilometres (22 miles) south of Milan on the lower Ticino near its confluence with the Po. It has a population of c. 73,086. The city was the capital of the Ostrogothic Kingdom from 540 to 553, of the Kingdom of the Lombards from 572 to 774, of the Kingdom of Italy from 774 to 1024 and seat of the Visconti court from 1365 to 1413.
Quick Facts Country, Region ...
Pavia is the capital of the fertile province of Pavia, which is known for a variety of agricultural products, including wine, rice, cereals, and dairy products. Although there are a number of industries located in the suburbs, these tend not to disturb the peaceful atmosphere of the town. It is home to the ancient University of Pavia (founded in 1361 and recognized in 2022 by the Times Higher Education among the top 10 in Italy and among the 300 best in the world), which together with the IUSS (Institute for Advanced Studies of Pavia), Ghislieri College, Borromeo College, Nuovo College, Santa Caterina College, and the Istituto per il Diritto allo Studio (EDiSU), belongs to the Pavia Study System. The 15th-century Policlinico San Matteo is one of the most important hospitals in Italy. Pavia is the episcopal seat of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Pavia. The city possesses many artistic and cultural treasures, including several important churches and museums, such as the well known Certosa di Pavia. The municipality of Pavia is part of the Ticino Valley Natural Park and preserves two forests (Strict nature reserve Bosco Siro Negri and Bosco Grande nature reserve) that they show us the original state of the nature of the Po valley before the arrival of the Romans, before human settlement.
Statue of old centaur "Centauro Furietti" Gray morato marble, Hadrianic age (117-138 AD) - from Greek original of the III century BC. - Signed work does Aristeas and Papias of Aphrodisias - From the Villa Adriana in Tivoli - Great hall Capitoline Museums Rome
It was just after noon by now and still quite a few good species were being seen along the track to the river and up at the road.
Amongst them were 2 new species that are both appealing and I have not seen since (January 2018).
This looks nothing like the only other member of it genus I have seen but very like butterflies from several other genera. Apparently it is NOT a firetip.
This work depicts a young centaur, a mythological creature that is half man, half horse. In reflection of these creatures semi-wild nature, this centaur is shown entirely nude. A small animal skin hangs from his left arm and in his right hand he holds a pedum (a shepherd's crook), a small gnarled stick normally associated with satyrs, but that in this case acts as a general symbol of the Dionysian world. Other Dionysian attributes such as a pine branch and syrinx (Pan pipes) can be seen on the support under the creature’s belly. A figure of the child Eros-Cupid probably once rode on the centaur's back, as it does on another statue in the Louvre.
The base of the statue is incised with the names of the sculptors who made it. Once can see the names Aristeas and Papias. Scholars believe these artists were from the town of Aphrodisia, a city in Asia Minor that housed a school of skilled copyists of Greek art. It is known that some of these sculptors immigrated to Rome in the last decades of the 1st century CE.
The work was sculpted from Marmo Grigio (grey marble), a rare and valuable material extracted from quarries on the Capo Tenaro promontory in Laconia.
The style of the work dates it to the Hadrianic period (117-138 CE). One of two centaur sculptures - the other is known as the Old Centaur - from Villa Adriana (Hadrian's Villa), Tivoli, discovered by Monsignor Giuseppe Alessandro Furietti in December of 1736.
Musei Capitolini, Rome (inv. Scu 626)
Statue of old centaur "Centaur Furietti" Gray morato marble, Hadrianic age (117-138 AD) - from Greek original of the III century BC. - Signed work by Aristeas and Papias of Aphrodisias - From the Villa Adriana in Tivoli - Great hall Capitoline Museums Rome
(Explore) From the early second century, a fragment of one of the lost volumes of Papias, a Christian bishop, who expounded that "heaven" was separated into three distinct layers. He referred to the first as just "heaven", the second as "paradise", and the third as "the city". Papias taught that "there is this distinction between the habitation of those who produce a hundredfold, and that of those who produce sixty-fold, and that of those who produce thirty-fold".
In the 2nd century AD, Irenaeus (a Greek bishop) wrote that not all who are saved would merit an abode in heaven itself.
Detail of the statue of the Young Centaur discovered in Hadrian's Villa at Tivoli in 1736. Possibly a Roman copy in grey marble of a Hellenistic original in bronze. Capitoline Museum, Rome, 1998. Photographed with a Ricoh R1.
Centaure vieux (détail), Aristeas et Papias di Afrodisia, marbre (117-138 ap. JC.) d'après un original du 3ème siècle av. JC., provenant de la villa d'Hadrien à Tivoli, musées capitolins, Rome.
Material: Marble
Height: 1.47 metres
Context: Discovered Rome
Original / Copy: Roman copy of Greek statue by a sculptor of Aphrodisias in Anatolia
Style: Hellenistic
Date: C1st - C2nd AD
Period: Imperial Roman
English: Old Centaur teased by Eros. Roman copy (1st–2nd centuries AD) of a Greek original of the 2nd century BC. Marble, found in Rome in the 17th century, belonged to the Borghese collections. A grey-black marble statue of the same type was found in the Villa Adriana in Tivoli together with a grey-black marble Young Centaur laughing at Eros's wounds. The pair, now shown in the Capitoline Museums, bear the signature of Aristeas and Papias of Aphrodisias, a city in Asia Minor. It can surmised that the Louvre statue was an element from a pair as well.
Français : Centaure chevauché par l'amour. Copie romaine d'époque impériale (Ier–IIe siècle ap. J.-C.) d'un original grec du IIe siècle av. J.-C. Marbre, découvert à Rome au XVIIe siècle, ancienne collection Borghèse. Une statue du même type en marbre gris-noir a été trouvée à la villa Adriana en même temps qu'un Jeune Centaure se riant des blessures d'Éros, également en marbre gris-noir. On peut supposer que l'exemplaire du Louvre faisait également partie d'une paire.
Department of Greek, Etruscan and Roman Antiquities, Sully wing, ground floor, room 17
Centaure jeune (détail), Aristeas et Papias di Afrodisia, marbre (117-138 ap. JC.) d'après un original du 3ème siècle av. JC., provenant de la villa d'Hadrien à Tivoli, musées capitolins, Rome.
At the centre of the Sala del Fauno is a magnificent sculpture of a Faun in antique red marble (marmo rosso antico).
The satyr, a follower of Dionysus, is holding a bunch of grapes raised high. It is a celebration of wine and the cult of Dionysus. Dated to the 2nd Century AD, it's surviving parts were rediscovered at Hadrian's Villa in Tivoli in 1736. It is heavily restored work, only the head, torso, part of the left arm, and part of the goat is original.
This is believed to have been the work of Aristeas and Papias of Aphrodisias. Like many ancient Roman works, it is a copy of an older Greek original (though in this case the artist were also Greek). In a nearby room are two other beautiful ancient sculptures by the same artists: the Young Centaur and the Old Centaur.
Musei Capitolini, Rome; July 2019
The 'Old Centaur' is one of the two statues of the famous 'Furietti Centaurs' pair.
The sculpture depicts an aging centaur, body twisted in pain as he struggles with his hands tied behind his back. An 'amorini' (Eros) that once rode on his back, pulling his head back, has been lost.
Together the Furietti/Capitoline Centaurs are intended to represent an allegory of sex and love in the different stages of life. The 'Old Centaur' in part symbolizes the struggle with sexual desires when old. The young centaur is depicted happy and joyful.
There are many copies of the 'Young Centaur' and the 'Old Centaur', all derived from a 2nd Century BC Greek original. The versions here in the Capitoline Museum are the most famous.
Like many of the other works in the room, this was found at Hadrian's Villa in Tivoli and is dated to the Hadrianic Period (117 - 138 AD). It bears the signatures of Aristeas and Papias of Aphrodisias.
Like the 'Red Faun' (also by the same sculptors) in a nearby room, this is a heavily restored work. Almost all of the centaur's horse body is a reconstruction.
Rome, July 2019
Material: Marble
Height: 1.47 metres
Context: Discovered Rome
Original / Copy: Roman copy of Greek statue by a sculptor of Aphrodisias in Anatolia
Style: Hellenistic
Date: C1st - C2nd AD
Period: Imperial Roman
English: Old Centaur teased by Eros. Roman copy (1st–2nd centuries AD) of a Greek original of the 2nd century BC. Marble, found in Rome in the 17th century, belonged to the Borghese collections. A grey-black marble statue of the same type was found in the Villa Adriana in Tivoli together with a grey-black marble Young Centaur laughing at Eros's wounds. The pair, now shown in the Capitoline Museums, bear the signature of Aristeas and Papias of Aphrodisias, a city in Asia Minor. It can surmised that the Louvre statue was an element from a pair as well.
Français : Centaure chevauché par l'amour. Copie romaine d'époque impériale (Ier–IIe siècle ap. J.-C.) d'un original grec du IIe siècle av. J.-C. Marbre, découvert à Rome au XVIIe siècle, ancienne collection Borghèse. Une statue du même type en marbre gris-noir a été trouvée à la villa Adriana en même temps qu'un Jeune Centaure se riant des blessures d'Éros, également en marbre gris-noir. On peut supposer que l'exemplaire du Louvre faisait également partie d'une paire.
Department of Greek, Etruscan and Roman Antiquities, Sully wing, ground floor, room 17
Our last morning in this area. Sadly it was largely overcast with some rain, but there were still a few butterflies out in better spells at the spot down from the lodge where we had seen things on previous visits.
Yet another new species for me, if not one that was exciting.
S. Martina
Sulle rovine di un edifizio senatorio che fino dal secolo V si chiamò Secretarium Senatus, fu edificata presso il Foro Romano circa il jî6 una chiesa dedicata a s. Martina. Nella vita di Leone III si ricorda infatti dal Liber pontificalis come già esistente, benchè riedificata ai tempi di Urbano VIII, ed allora nel posto della primitiva basilica si costruì la elegante e ricca chiesa sotterranea. Sulla porta dell' antico edifizio leggevasi il distico:
MARTYRII GESTANS VIRGO MARTINA CORONAM
EIECTO HINC MARTIS NVMINE TEMPLA TENES.
Fu detta in tribus foris perchè situata quasi nel limite dei tre fori, cioè quelli di Cesare, d' Augusto e del foro romano, dei quali tutti restano anche oggi grandiosi vestigî, giacchè è stata testww scoperta anche gran parte del foro d' Augusto presso l' arco de' Pantani. Adriano I la restaurò e l' arricchì di doni. Sotto Alessandro IV nel 1255 dopo un grande restauro fu di nuovo consacrata e costituita parrocchia e collegiata; e tale restò fino all' anno 1588 alrc da Sisto V fu concessa agli p160artisti, che le dettero il nome di s. Luca. Ecco l' epigrafe di papa Alessandro:
ANNO . DNI . MCCLVI . ALEXANDRO
PAPA . IV. PROPRIIS . MANIBUS . CUM
DUOBUS . EPISCOPIS .SCI . TUSCULANO
ET . PRAENESTINO . AD. HONOREM
DEI . ET . B. MARTINAE. VIRGINIS
ET . MARTYRIS . CONSECRAVIT
ECCLESIAM . ISTAM . DANS
INDULGENTIAM . UNIUS. ANNI
ET. DUARUM. QUARANTERNARUM
IN . ALTARI . VERO . RECONDITE
SUNT . RELIQUIAE . BB . MARTYRUM
CONCORDII . ET . BYPHANII
PAPIAE. MAURI. NEREI. ET
ACHILLEI. MART. ET. MARTHAE
URBANI. PAPAE . ET . DE
SAGITA . S. MACHARII . CONSECRATA
AUTEM . HAEC . ECCLESIA
FUIT . IN. MEDIA. QUADRA
GESIMA . QUANDO . EST
STATIO . AD. S. COSMATUM.
IN SILICE. IN . TEMPORE
ARCHIPRESBYTERI
ANDREAE . FUIT. HAEC
ECCLA. CONSECRATA.
Da questa chiesa prendea le mosse la processione della Candelora, istituita sotto Gelasio in sostituzione delle feste lupercali. Nel giorno della Purificazione della s. Vergien il papa, cantata terza coi cardinali in questa chiesa, indossava gli abiti pontificali, e coi ceri benedetti dall' ultimo dei preti cardinali, uscito dalla chiesa e seduto sulle porte di quella, dispensava dolle proprie mani i cerei al popolo. Poi per un vicino portico si conduceva a s. Adriano e seduto presso l' altare, cantava sesta, finita la quale dispensava i ceri ai cardinali. Intanto nella chiesa si raccoglievano col popolo i chierici delle diaconie della città, e terminata la funzione fino a s. Maria Maggiore, alla cui porta toltesi il papa le scarpe, a piè nudi entrava nella basilica. Cantando quindi il Te Deum, gli si lavarono i piedi e uno dei cardinali celebrava il sacrificio.
Sotto Urbano VIII fu ivi ritrovato il corpo della santa martire eponima, il che indusse quel papa alla riedificazione della chiesa, opera che venne affidata dal cardinale Francesco Barberini a Pietro Barettini, che cedette una porzione della propria casa per ingrandira, e istituì eredi l' accademia e la chiesa p161per la somma di centomila scudi romani. Sotto il pavimento al livello del Foro, si discende al sotterraneo che, come fu accennato, venne sostituito all' antica e primitiva chiesa, ove si venera sotto un nobilissimo altare di bronzo dorato il corpo della santa. Un falsario in quell' epoca fu autore della iscrizione esistente ancora in quel sotterraneo, e che sarebbe ottimo divisamento rimuover di là, poichè è stata ed è molte volte citata come autentica. Quella sciocca e ridicola falsificazione si riferisce ad un cristiano di nome Gaudentius preteso architetto del Colosseo! La reminiscenza del Secretarium Senatus si mantenne in quel luogo fino al secolo XII, ove ancora presso s. Martino risiedevano in una specie di curia i magistrati del tribunale. Infatti il Martinelli nella sua Roma ricercata afferma esistere nell' archivio di s. Maria in via lata alcuni atti giudiziarî fatti innanzi ai senatorientale di Roma nel secolo XII sotto i pontificati d' Innocenzo II, Eugenio III, Lucio III, nei quali atti si specifica la residenza dei senatori, qui positi erant ad s. Martinam ad iustitiam discernendam.
Nei secoli del medio evo ivi era il palazzo per l' abitazione del vescovo di Porto, ed in quella chiesa il papa solea indossare le vesti sacerdotali per le solenni processioni del medio evo, che per reminiscenza delle antiche pompe trionfali mantenevano l' itinerario religiosi della sacra via, e presso la chiesa medesima si soleva fare quel gettito di onete descritto dal Camerario. In alcuni documenti del secolo XIV e XV talvolta il nome di s. Martina e la sua chiesa è scambiata con quella di s. Martino, errore in cui caddero il Fauno, il Gamucci ed altri. Nè manca poi chi col Gregorovius ed altri abbiano anche confusa questa chiesa con quella di s. Maria in Augusto.
Da Le chiese di Roma di Mariano Armellini 1891;
Raccolta Internet di Bill Thayer.
Raccolta foto De Alvariis
En el Parque Nacional Natural Tatamá, en la carretera Montezuma, cerca de Pueblo Rico (Risaralda).
Algunos datos de interés:
En Colombia tenemos el 20.80% de todas las especies de mariposas del mundo, que son 18.771.
De la familia Hesperiidae hay 304 géneros en Colombia. De todos los géneros de mariposas que tenemos en el país (777), 39.12% pertenecen a esta familia.
En Colombia contamos con 1.162 especies de la familia Hesperiidae, que representan el 29.767% de las especies de mariposas de Colombia (3.904).
La familia Hesperiidae tiene en el planeta 4.113 especies que representan el 21.91% de todas las especies de mariposas del mundo, que ya dijimos, son 18.771.
Nuestro país aloja en su territorio el 28.25% de los Hesperiidae del planeta.
En Colombia hay 465 especies de la subfamilia Hesperiinae. De estas, 433 pertenecen a la tribu Hesperiini.
Datos tomados de la lista de chequeo de Buteerflycatalogs: www.butterflycatalogs.com/uploads/1/0/3/2/103240120/colom.... Los datos del planeta provienen de Nieukerken et al (2011).
Customers and staff at the Investment Promotion Authority (IPA).
The Pacific Private Sector Development Initiative Phase II contributes to poverty reduction by promoting private enterprise, investment, and economic growth.
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Is an island city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, 137 kilometres (85 mi) north of the equator, south of the Malaysian state of Johor and north of Indonesia's Riau Islands. At 710.2 km2 (274.2 sq mi),Singapore is a microstate and the smallest nation in Southeast Asia. It is substantially larger than Monaco and Vatican City, the only other present-day sovereign city-states.
Before European settlement, the island now known as Singapore was the site of a Malay fishing village at the mouth of the Singapore River. Several hundred indigenous Orang Laut people also lived along the nearby coast, rivers and on smaller islands. In 1819, the British East India Company, led by Sir Stamford Raffles, established a trading post on the island, which was used as a port along the spice route. Singapore became one of the most important commercial and military centres of the British Empire, and the hub of British power in Southeast Asia.
During the Second World War, the British colony was occupied by the Japanese after the Battle of Singapore, which Winston Churchill called "Britain's greatest defeat". Singapore reverted to British rule in 1945, immediately after the war. Eighteen years later, in 1963, the city, having achieved independence from Britain, merged with Malaya, Sabah, and Sarawak to form Malaysia. However, Singapore's merger proved unsuccessful, and, less than two years later, it was ejected from the federation and became an independent republic within the Commonwealth of Nations on 9 August 1965. Singapore was admitted to the United Nations on 21 September of that year.
Since independence, Singapore's standard of living has risen dramatically. Foreign direct investment and a state-led drive to industrialization based on plans drawn up by the Dutch economist Albert Winsemius have created a modern economy focused on industry, education and urban planning. Singapore is the 5th wealthiest country in the world in terms of GDP (PPP) per capita.[ As of January 2009, Singapore's official reserves stand at US$170.3 billion.
In 2009, the Economist Intelligence Unit ranked Singapore the tenth most expensive city in the world in which to live—the third in Asia, after Tokyo and Osaka.The 2009 Cost of Living survey, by consultancy firm Mercer, has ranked Singapore similarly as the tenth most expensive city for expatriates to live in.
The population of Singapore including non-residents is approximately 4.99 million. Singapore is highly cosmopolitan and diverse with Chinese people forming an ethnic majority with large populations of Malay, Indian and other people. English, Malay, Tamil, and Chinese are the official languages.
Singapore is a parliamentary republic, and the Constitution of Singapore establishes representative democracy as the nation's political system.[18] The People's Action Party (PAP) dominates the political process and has won control of Parliament in every election since self-government in 1959.
History
Please go to
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Singapore
Geography
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Singapore
Other info
Flags
Oficial Name:
Republic of Singapore
新加坡共和国
Republik Singapura
சிங்கப்பூர் குடியரசு-
Hsin-chia-p'o Kung-ho-kuo (Mandarin),
Republik Singapura (Malaian),
Singapore Kudiyarasu (Tâmul)
eng: Republic of Singapore
zho: 新加坡共和国 (Xīnjiāpō Gōnghéguó)
msa: Republik Singapura / ريڤوبليك سيڠاڤورا
tam: சிங்கப்பூர் குடியரசு (Čiṅkappūr Kuṭiyaraču)
Independence :
Self-government
under the United Kingdom
June 3, 1959 [1]
- UDI August 31, 1963
- Merger with Malaysia September 16, 1963
- Separation from Malaysia August 9, 1965
Area:
645,40km2
Inhabitants:
4.560.000
Languages:
Bengali [ben] 600 in Singapore (1985). Ethnic population: 14,000 in Singapore (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Eastern zone, Bengali-Assamese
More information.
Chinese, Hakka [hak] 69,000 in Singapore (1980). Ethnic population: 151,000 in Singapore (1993). Alternate names: Khek, Kek, Kehia, Kechia, Ke, Hokka. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese
More information.
Chinese, Mandarin [cmn] 201,000 in Singapore (1985). Alternate names: Huayu, Guoyu. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese
More information.
Chinese, Min Bei [mnp] 4,000 in Singapore (1985). Ethnic population: 11,000 in Singapore. Alternate names: Min Pei. Dialects: Hokchia (Hockchew). Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese
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Chinese, Min Dong [cdo] 34,154 in Singapore (2000 WCD). Ethnic population: 31,391. Mainly in China. Dialects: Fuzhou (Fuchow, Foochow, Guxhou). Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese
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Chinese, Min Nan [nan] 1,170,000 in Singapore (1985). Population includes 736,000 speakers of Hokkien, 28.8% of the population (1993), 360,000 speakers of Teochew (1985), 14.2% of the population (1993); 74,000 speakers of Hainanese (1985), 2.9% of the population (1993). Ethnic population: 1,482,000 (1993) including 884,000 Hokkien (1993), 452,000 Teochew (1985), 146,000 Hainanese (1993). Alternate names: Min Nam, Southern Min. Dialects: Hokkien (Fukienese, Fujian, Amoy, Xiamen), Teochew (Chaochow, Chaozhou, Taechew), Hainanese. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese
More information.
Chinese, Pu-Xian [cpx] 14,083 in Singapore (2000 WCD). Dialects: Henghua (Hinghua, Xinghua). Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese
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Chinese, Yue [yue] 314,000 in Singapore (1985). Ethnic population: 338,000 (1993). Alternate names: Cantonese, Yue, Yueh, Guangfu. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese
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English [eng] 227,000 in Singapore (1985). Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, English
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Gujarati [guj] 800 in Singapore (1985). Ethnic population: 1,619 (1985). Alternate names: Gujerathi, Gujerati. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Gujarati
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Javanese [jav] 800 in Singapore (1985). Ethnic population: 21,230. Alternate names: Jawa, Djawa. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Javanese
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Madura [mad] 900 in Singapore (1985). Ethnic population: 14,292 (1985). Alternate names: Madurese, Madhura. Dialects: Bawean (Boyanese). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Madurese
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Malaccan Creole Portuguese [mcm] Trankera and Hilir, Melaka, Straits of Malacca. Related varieties in parts of Kuala Lumpur and Singapore. Variety in Pulau Tikus spoken more in 1997 than in 1987. Alternate names: Malaysian Creole Portuguese, Malaccan, Papia Kristang. Classification: Creole, Portuguese based
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Malay [mly] 396,000 in Singapore (1985). Alternate names: Bahasa Malay, Melayu. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Malayic, Malayan, Local Malay
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Malay, Baba [mbf] 10,000 in Singapore (1986 Pakir). Population total all countries: 15,000. Ethnic population: 250,000 to 400,000 (1986). Mainly in the Katong District on the east coast and the surrounding districts of Geylang and Jao Chiat. Also spoken in Malaysia (Peninsular). Alternate names: Chinese Malay, Baba, Straits Malay. Dialects: It developed since the 15th century from Low Malay with many Hokkien Chinese borrowings. Regional variants between Malacca and Singapore. Partially intelligible with Standard Malay. It is generally believed that the Baba of Malaysia is more 'refined', and that of Singapore more 'rough'. Most have learned Standard Malay and English in school. Lim (1981) and Holm (1989) treat it as a Malay-based creole. It is different from Peranakan Indonesian. Classification: Creole, Malay based
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Malayalam [mal] 10,000 in Singapore. Ethnic population: 14,000 (1993). Alternate names: Alealum, Malayalani, Malayal, Malean, Maliyad, Mallealle, Mopla. Classification: Dravidian, Southern, Tamil-Kannada, Tamil-Kodagu, Tamil-Malayalam, Malayalam
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Orang Seletar [ors] 884 in Singapore (2000 WCD). North coast of Singapore, and opposite coast of Malaysia. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Malayic, Malayan, Aboriginal Malay
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Panjabi, Eastern [pan] 9,500 in Singapore (1987). Ethnic population: 14,000 (1993). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Panjabi
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Singapore Sign Language [sls] Classification: Deaf sign language
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Sinhala [sin] 852 in Singapore (1987). Ethnic population: 12,000 (1993). Alternate names: Sinhalese, Singhalese, Chingalese. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Sinhalese-Maldivian
More information.
Tamil [tam] 90,000 in Singapore (1985). Ethnic population: 111,000 (1993). Classification: Dravidian, Southern, Tamil-Kannada, Tamil-Kodagu, Tamil-Malayalam, Tamil
Capital city:
Singapoure city
Meaning country name:
Singapura (in Malay) derives from Sanskrit Simhapura (or Singhapura) which means "Lion City". Earlier the island was known as Temasik from Malay or Javanese root tasik meaning lake. Singapore is the anglicized form of the Malay name which is still in use today along with variants in Chinese and Tamil, the 4 official languages of Singapore
Description Flag:
The national flag of Singapore was adopted on 3 December 1959. It is a horizontal bicolour of red above white, charged in the canton by a white crescent moon beside a circle of five small white five-pointed stars.
Red Universal brotherhood and equality of man
White Pervading and everlasting purity and virtue
White crescent moon A young nation on the ascendant
Five white stars The nation's ideals of democracy, peace, progress, justice and equality
Coat of arms:
Singapore's national coat of arms (or state arms) was introduced on December 3, 1959 together with the national flag and national anthem at the swearing-in of the Yang di-Pertuan Negara at the City Hall steps.
Meaning
The state armorial bearings consists of a shield emblazoned with a white crescent moon and five white stars against a red background. Red is symbolic of universal brotherhood and equality of man, and white signifies pervading and everlasting purity and virtue. The crescent moon represents a young nation rising. The five stars represent the five ideals of democracy, peace, progress, justice and equality. Supporting the shield are a lion on the left (dexter) and a tiger on the right (sinister). Below the shield is a banner inscribed with the Republic's motto, Majulah Singapura (Onward Singapore). The lion represents Singapore itself and the tiger, the island's historical links with Malaysia.
Guidelines for Usage
1. The national coat of arms of Singapore (state crest) consists of a shield on which is emblazoned a white crescent moon and five white stars against a red background. Supporting the shield shall be a lion on the left and a tiger on the right. Below the shield shall be a banner with the words "Majulah Singapura" inscribed on it.
2. The use of the state arms for advertisements or any other commercial purpose is prohibited by law. Only government bodies can display the state arms within their premises. Approval must be sought for any other use of the state crest.
3. The state arms must be treated with respect and be displayed in a dignified manner.
Motto:
"Majulah Singapura"
National Anthem: Majulah Singapura
Malay
Mari kita rakyat Singapura
Sama-sama menuju bahagia
Cita-cita kita yang mulia
Berjaya Singapura
Marilah kita bersatu
Dengan semangat yang baru
Semua kita berseru
Majulah Singapura
Majulah Singapura
English
Come, fellow Singaporeans
Let us progress towards happiness together
May our noble aspiration bring
Singapore success
Come, let us unite
In a new spirit
Let our voices soar as one
Onward Singapore
Onward Singapore
Internet Page: www.sgdi.gov.sg
Singapore in diferent languages
eng | cym | dan | fin | fry | glv | ina | ita | lim | nld | nor | sme | srd | swa | swe: Singapore
arg | ast | cat | ces | dsb | est | eus | glg | hrv | hsb | lin | pol | que | roh | ron | rup | slk | slv | spa | tur | vor | zza: Singapur
bos | crh | gag | kaa | mol | slo | tuk | uzb: Singapur / Сингапур
fao | frp | lld | mlt | oci: Singapor
cor | fra | wln: Singapour
deu | ltz | nds: Singapur / Singapur
jav | scn | tet: Singapura
ind | msa: Singapura / سيڠاڤورا
kin | run: Singapure
afr: Singapoer
aze: Sinqapur / Сингапур
bam: Sɛngapuru
bre: Singapoura
csb: Singapùr
epo: Singapuro
fur: Singapôr
gla: Siongapòr
gle: Singeapór / Singeapór
hat: Sengapou
hun: Szingapúr
ibo: Siṅgapọ
isl: Singapúr
jnf: Sîngapour
kmr: Sîngapûr / Сингапур / سینگاپوور
kur: Sîngapûr / سینگاپوور
lat: Singapora; Singapura; Singapolis
lav: Singapūra
lit: Singapūras
mlg: Singapora
nrm: Singapoure
por: Singapura; Cingapura
rmy: Singapore / सिन्गापोरे
smg: Singapūrs
smo: Sigapoa
som: Singabuur
sqi: Singapori
tgl: Singgapur
ton: Singapoa
vie: Tân Gia Ba; Xing-ga-po
vol: Singapurän
wol: Singapoor
abq | alt | bul | che | chm | chv | kbd | kir | kjh | kom | krc | kum | mkd | mon | oss | rus | tyv | udm: Сингапур (Singapur)
bak | srp | tat: Сингапур / Singapur
bel: Сінгапур / Sinhapur; Сынгапур / Synhapur
kaz: Сингапур / Sïngapwr / سينگاپۋر
tgk: Сингапур / سینگپور / Singapur
ukr: Сінґапур (Singapur)
ara: سنغافورة (Sinġāfūrâ)
fas: سنگاپور / Sengâpur; سینگاپور / Singâpur
prs: سنگاپور (Sengāpūr)
pus: سنګاپور (Singāpūr)
snd: سنگاپور (Singāporu)
uig: سىنگاپۇر / Sin’gapur / Сингапур
urd: سنگاپور (Singāpūr)
div: ސިނގަޕޫރު (Siṅgapūru)
heb: סינגפור (Sîngapûr); סינגאפור (Sîngâpûr)
lad: סינגאפור / Singapur
yid: סינגאַפּור (Singapur)
amh: ሲንጋፖር (Singapor)
ell-dhi: Σιγκαπούρη (Sigkapoýrī)
ell-kat: Σιγγαπούρη (Siggapoýrī)
hye: Սինգապուր (Singapour)
kat: სინგაპური (Singapuri)
hin | mar: सिंगापुर (Siṁgāpur)
nep: सिङ्गापुर (Siṅgāpur)
ben: সিঙ্গাপুর (Siṅgāpur)
ori: ଷିଂହପୁର (Siṁhôpurô)
pan: ਸਿੰਘਾਪੁਰ (Siṁgʰāpur)
sin: සිංගප්පූරුව (Siṁgappūruva)
kan: ಸಿಂಗಪುರ (Siṁgapura); ಸಿಂಗಾಪುರ್ (Siṁgāpur)
mal: സിംഗപ്പൂര് (Siṁgappūr); സിംഗപൂര് (Siṁgapūr); സിംഗപ്പുര് (Siṁgappur)
tam: சிங்கப்பூர் (Čiṅkappūr)
tel: సింగపూర్ (Siṁgapūr); సింగపోర్ (Siṁgapōr)
zho: 新加坡 (Xīnjiāpō)
yue: 新加坡 (Sìnggabō)
jpn: シンガポール (Shingapōru)
kor: 싱가포르 (Singgaporeu)
bod: སེང་ག་ཕོར་ (Seṅ.ga.pʰor.)
mya: စင္ကာပူ (Sĩkapu)
tha: สิงคโปร์ (Siṅkʰapō[r])
lao: ສິງກະໂປ (Siṅkapō)
khm: សាំងហ្គាពួរ (Sāṁṅhkāpuar); សាំងកាប៉ូរ (Sāṁkābūr); សឹង្ហបូរី (Sʉṅhabūrī); សិង្ហបុរី (Siṅhaburī)
S. Martina
Sulle rovine di un edifizio senatorio che fino dal secolo V si chiamò Secretarium Senatus, fu edificata presso il Foro Romano circa il jî6 una chiesa dedicata a s. Martina. Nella vita di Leone III si ricorda infatti dal Liber pontificalis come già esistente, benchè riedificata ai tempi di Urbano VIII, ed allora nel posto della primitiva basilica si costruì la elegante e ricca chiesa sotterranea. Sulla porta dell' antico edifizio leggevasi il distico:
MARTYRII GESTANS VIRGO MARTINA CORONAM
EIECTO HINC MARTIS NVMINE TEMPLA TENES.
Fu detta in tribus foris perchè situata quasi nel limite dei tre fori, cioè quelli di Cesare, d' Augusto e del foro romano, dei quali tutti restano anche oggi grandiosi vestigî, giacchè è stata testww scoperta anche gran parte del foro d' Augusto presso l' arco de' Pantani. Adriano I la restaurò e l' arricchì di doni. Sotto Alessandro IV nel 1255 dopo un grande restauro fu di nuovo consacrata e costituita parrocchia e collegiata; e tale restò fino all' anno 1588 alrc da Sisto V fu concessa agli p160artisti, che le dettero il nome di s. Luca. Ecco l' epigrafe di papa Alessandro:
ANNO . DNI . MCCLVI . ALEXANDRO
PAPA . IV. PROPRIIS . MANIBUS . CUM
DUOBUS . EPISCOPIS .SCI . TUSCULANO
ET . PRAENESTINO . AD. HONOREM
DEI . ET . B. MARTINAE. VIRGINIS
ET . MARTYRIS . CONSECRAVIT
ECCLESIAM . ISTAM . DANS
INDULGENTIAM . UNIUS. ANNI
ET. DUARUM. QUARANTERNARUM
IN . ALTARI . VERO . RECONDITE
SUNT . RELIQUIAE . BB . MARTYRUM
CONCORDII . ET . BYPHANII
PAPIAE. MAURI. NEREI. ET
ACHILLEI. MART. ET. MARTHAE
URBANI. PAPAE . ET . DE
SAGITA . S. MACHARII . CONSECRATA
AUTEM . HAEC . ECCLESIA
FUIT . IN. MEDIA. QUADRA
GESIMA . QUANDO . EST
STATIO . AD. S. COSMATUM.
IN SILICE. IN . TEMPORE
ARCHIPRESBYTERI
ANDREAE . FUIT. HAEC
ECCLA. CONSECRATA.
Da questa chiesa prendea le mosse la processione della Candelora, istituita sotto Gelasio in sostituzione delle feste lupercali. Nel giorno della Purificazione della s. Vergien il papa, cantata terza coi cardinali in questa chiesa, indossava gli abiti pontificali, e coi ceri benedetti dall' ultimo dei preti cardinali, uscito dalla chiesa e seduto sulle porte di quella, dispensava dolle proprie mani i cerei al popolo. Poi per un vicino portico si conduceva a s. Adriano e seduto presso l' altare, cantava sesta, finita la quale dispensava i ceri ai cardinali. Intanto nella chiesa si raccoglievano col popolo i chierici delle diaconie della città, e terminata la funzione fino a s. Maria Maggiore, alla cui porta toltesi il papa le scarpe, a piè nudi entrava nella basilica. Cantando quindi il Te Deum, gli si lavarono i piedi e uno dei cardinali celebrava il sacrificio.
Sotto Urbano VIII fu ivi ritrovato il corpo della santa martire eponima, il che indusse quel papa alla riedificazione della chiesa, opera che venne affidata dal cardinale Francesco Barberini a Pietro Barettini, che cedette una porzione della propria casa per ingrandira, e istituì eredi l' accademia e la chiesa p161per la somma di centomila scudi romani. Sotto il pavimento al livello del Foro, si discende al sotterraneo che, come fu accennato, venne sostituito all' antica e primitiva chiesa, ove si venera sotto un nobilissimo altare di bronzo dorato il corpo della santa. Un falsario in quell' epoca fu autore della iscrizione esistente ancora in quel sotterraneo, e che sarebbe ottimo divisamento rimuover di là, poichè è stata ed è molte volte citata come autentica. Quella sciocca e ridicola falsificazione si riferisce ad un cristiano di nome Gaudentius preteso architetto del Colosseo! La reminiscenza del Secretarium Senatus si mantenne in quel luogo fino al secolo XII, ove ancora presso s. Martino risiedevano in una specie di curia i magistrati del tribunale. Infatti il Martinelli nella sua Roma ricercata afferma esistere nell' archivio di s. Maria in via lata alcuni atti giudiziarî fatti innanzi ai senatorientale di Roma nel secolo XII sotto i pontificati d' Innocenzo II, Eugenio III, Lucio III, nei quali atti si specifica la residenza dei senatori, qui positi erant ad s. Martinam ad iustitiam discernendam.
Nei secoli del medio evo ivi era il palazzo per l' abitazione del vescovo di Porto, ed in quella chiesa il papa solea indossare le vesti sacerdotali per le solenni processioni del medio evo, che per reminiscenza delle antiche pompe trionfali mantenevano l' itinerario religiosi della sacra via, e presso la chiesa medesima si soleva fare quel gettito di onete descritto dal Camerario. In alcuni documenti del secolo XIV e XV talvolta il nome di s. Martina e la sua chiesa è scambiata con quella di s. Martino, errore in cui caddero il Fauno, il Gamucci ed altri. Nè manca poi chi col Gregorovius ed altri abbiano anche confusa questa chiesa con quella di s. Maria in Augusto.
Da Le chiese di Roma di Mariano Armellini 1891, raccolta Internet di Bill Thayer.
Raccolta foto De Alvariis
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#Grand_Opening_Ceremony #Hayat #Familia #Molfix #Papia #PC_Hotel_Lahore
Follow us on Instagram @a2zevents and @DclassyClicks
Call us for details and bookings +92-321-4268177 +92-324-4921459 +92-333-4645869
#Brands #Iftikhar_Thakur #zafri_Khan #Corporate_Events #Media_Wall #Best_Corporate_Event_Planner #Designer #Event_Designing #3D_Maping #Ghoost_Projection #Papia #Molfix #Ayeza_Khan #Kashif #Comedian #Company_CEO #Singer_Sanam_Marvi #Multimedia #Projector #Trussing_system #Ghoost_maping #best_event_planners_in_Lahore #event_organizer_in_Lahore #event_planners_in_Pakistan #Photography #Videographer #Interior_designer #Exterior_designer #Decor #Catering #Multimedia #Weddings #Social_Events #flowers_decor #dance_floor #Party_Planner #dance_party_Organizer #Wedding_Coordinator #Stages_Designer #House_Lighting #Fresh_flowers #Artificial_Flowers #Marquees #marriage_hall #hall_decor #area_decor #groom #bride #Mehndi #Car_hire #Sofa_Decoration #Hire_Venue #Honeymoon #Asian_wedding_Designers #Simple_Stage #gazebo #stage_decoration #events_management #baarat #barat #walima #valima #reception #mehndi #mayon #dance_floor #walkway_decor #pathway_decor #wooden_walkway #truss #disco_lights #dj #mehndi_dance #photographers #catering_services #food_services #wedding_food #wedding_jewelry #wedding_cake #wedding_designers #wedding_decoration #wedding_services #flowers_decor #masehri_decor #Caterers_in_Lahore #events_specialists #Quality_Food_Suppliers