French postcard by Imp. Georges Lang, Paris, offered by Chocolats Tobler. Image: Walt Disney.

 

Michael Darling is the brother of Wendy and John Darling in Disney's classic animation film, Peter Pan (Clyde Geronimi, Wilfred Jackson, Hamilton Luske, 1953). He is the youngest child of the three Darling children.

 

Michael has strawberry blonde hair, blue eyes, and fair skin. He wears pink footie pajamas and carries a brown teddy bear. He is clumsy, innocent, observant, and playful. Michael looks up to his older siblings, John and Wendy. He is also very sensitive as seen at the beginning of the film, he cries when their father, George Darling declares that night is Wendy's last night in the nursery and kicks Nana out of the house and in the climax when he, John, Peter Pan, and the Lost Boys returned to their hideout he starts to feel homesick after Wendy sings Your Mother and Mine and he cries in her arms.

 

Michael and his older brother John believe that Peter Pan, whom they have learned about from Wendy's stories, is a real person. Thus, they often make-believe that they are Captain Hook and Peter Pan in their nursery games. At the beginning of the film, Michael and John are playing one of these games, with Michael as Peter Pan. They are having a fake swordfight, as their father comes in looking for his cuff links, as he is getting ready for a party. John realizes that the cuff links were used as a buried treasure in their game, but they can't remember where they are and they have lost the treasure map they made. George finds the map, which turns out to have been made out of his shirt front, much to his horror. This upsets George, and he begins scolding all the children for having their heads filled with silly stories. Michael's sister, Wendy protests, and as a result she is told that she will no longer be allowed to stay in the nursery, which upsets Michael. As George goes to leave, he trips over Nana, and thus ties her up outside, which greatly upsets Michael. Michael's mother comforts him as she tucks him in bed. As she goes to leave, he hands over the cuff links and two rings belonging to her.

 

Source: Disney Wiki and IMDb.

 

And, please check out our blog European Film Star Postcards.

To earn extra cashback offers on Cromashopping use encashit.com. The cashback & coupon website and App that offers deals & coupons and upto 20% cashback on every purchase. encashit.com/croma-cashback-offers

Promo Samples size 9, never worn.

magic lens Hotel Victoria Oaxaca is a hotel surrounded by 70,000 m2 of beautiful gardens, located in a nature reserve at the foot of Cerro del Fortín. It offers an exceptional location, just a few minutes from the historic center of Oaxaca, the archaeological site of Monte Albán and the main tourist attractions, as well as only 35 minutes from the Oaxaca International Airport. This is how Hotel Victoria Oaxaca offers you a majestic view and the best landscape of the city and the valley of Oaxaca.

 

Hotel Victoria Oaxaca offers 145 rooms in three different categories: Standard, Villas and Superior Junior. Within the facilities you can enjoy multiple attractions and facilities such as: El Tule Restaurant, with the best of Oaxacan and International cuisine; Pub; Outdoor pool; Pool Bar; Tennis court; Bussiness center; Wireless Internet Wi Fi free; Room Service and all the services of an establishment of its category.

 

We have free transportation to the center at certain times, as well as all the facilities for holding events, congresses and conventions.

 

Hotel Victoria Oaxaca with 60 years of history and tradition offers a unique experience, surrounded by the magic and flavor of Oaxaca. Stay with us and enjoy the landscape that makes us unique in Oaxaca and which have witnessed personalities such as Queen Elizabeth II of England, Prince Takahito of Japan, Ava Gardner, Gene Hackman, Luis Miguel and many more personalities than even today they still prefer us.

offer up

This photo offers a better view of the bird-of-paradise. Aside from the curious "tear" (the shot was taken on a hot, sunny day), this closeup is simply a straight forward shot of a beautiful and colorful tropical flower. The photo was taken in March 2013, with my trusty Olympus digital camera. Enjoy.

Schweiz / Berner Oberland - Kandersteg

 

Kandersteg (Swiss Standard German pronunciation: [ˈkandərˌʃteːk]) is a municipality in the Frutigen-Niedersimmental administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located along the valley of the River Kander, west of the Jungfrau massif. It is noted for its spectacular mountain scenery and sylvan alpine landscapes. Tourism is a very significant part of its economic life today. It offers outdoor activities year-round, with hiking trails and mountain climbing as well as downhill and cross-country skiing. Kandersteg hosted the ski jumping and Nordic combined parts of the 2018 Nordic Junior World Ski Championships.

 

Recent landslide risk

 

There has been a heightened landslide threat in Kandersteg since 2018, when paragliders noticed that Spitzer Stein, a nearby rocky peak, was losing height and that bits of it had broken off. Historically, there have been landslides in the Oeschinen Lake and Kander river valley region. The area's seismic activity calmed down about 3000 years ago, but has now reactivated, and thawing permafrost has weakened rock structures that were previously frozen solid.

 

Officials have been more closely monitoring the Spitzer Stein after a neighbouring village of Blatten was buried due to a glacier collapse and rockslide on 28 May 2025. The unstable rock at Spitzer Stein is around 16 to 20 million cubic meters, compared to the 9 million cubic meters that fell on Blatten. Monitoring via exploratory drilling and geo-radar measurement indicates movement of a "large to very large" rock mass which, in the summer months, has velocities that exceed 10 cm (4 inches) per day.

 

Kandersteg has spent over 11 million Swiss francs (US$13.81 million) on preparedness, including two dams on the Öschibach stream and a debris flow network. The area below the Oeschinen Lake landslide scar has been closed off, and paths in the Oeschiwald trail network were closed in July 2025 due to rain causing heavy runoff and debris flows in the Oeschibach stream. Researchers check the mountain using GPS, radar, and drones. Kandersteg relies on GEOTEST for hazard management, the associated geological analyses, and the safety planning. In the event of a major rock movement, residents expect to receive an advance warning of at least 48 hours.

 

History

 

Kandersteg is first mentioned, together with Kandergrund, in 1352 as der Kandergrund.[9]

 

Prehistorically the area was lightly settled. However, several late-neolithic or early Bronze Age bows have been found on the Lötschberg glaciers and a Bronze Age needle was found in the Golitschenalp. From the Roman era a bridge and part of a road were discovered in the village.

 

Until 1909 Kandersteg was politically and religiously part of Kandergrund. In 1511 the parish built a chapel in Kandersteg, which survived the iconoclasm of the Protestant Reformation in 1530. It became a filial church of the parish in Kandergrund between 1840 and 1860 and in 1910 became the parish church of the Kandersteg parish. A Roman Catholic church was built in 1927.

 

Traditionally the local economy relied on seasonal alpine herding and farming and supporting trade over the alpine passes. In the 17th and 18th centuries sulfur mining began in the Oeschinenalp. A match factory opened in the village in the 19th century to take advantage of the sulfur. Beginning around 1850, the municipality grew into a tourist destination. Between 1855 and 1890 five hotels opened and by 1913 there were 19 hotels. The population grew dramatically during construction of the Lötschberg Tunnel and the Lötschberg railway line between 1906 and 1913. The new railroad line and tunnel allowed ever increasing numbers of tourists to visit Kandersteg. A chair lift to Oeschinen Lake opened in 1948, followed by a cable car to the valley floor in 1951. A ski jump was built in 1979. The Kandersteg International Scout Centre opened in 1923.

 

Geography

 

Kandersteg is located on the northern side of the Bernese Alps at an altitude of 1,200 meters (3,900 ft) above sea level at the foot of the Lötschen and Gemmi Passes. The village, with 1200 inhabitants, lies in the upper Kander Valley. The municipality extends over a territory encompassing the valleys of Gastern (upper Kander Valley) and Oeschinen. It includes the villages of Kandersteg and Gastern.

 

Kandersteg is surrounded by high mountains. The Balmhorn (3,698 m [12,133 ft]), bordering the canton of Valais to the south, is the highest in the valley; it is followed by the Blüemlisalp (3,663 m [12,018 ft]), east of the village. The Gross Lohner (3,049 m [10,003 ft]) is the highest summit between the Kander Valley and the valley of Adelboden on the west.

 

The Bunderchrinde Pass (2,385 m [7,825 ft]) connects Kandersteg to Adelboden, whilst the Hohtürli Pass (2,778 m [9,114 ft]) on the east connects Kandersteg to Griesalp in the Kiental valley. Neither pass carries a road, but both form part of the Alpine Pass Route, a long-distance hiking trail across Switzerland between Sargans and Montreux that passes through the village.

 

The largest lake in the valley is lake Oeschinen. It is located at 1,578 m (5,177 ft) east of Kandersteg, at the foot of the Blüemlisalp massif. The Gastern Valley is an almost closed off valley. At the upper end of the valley lies the Kander Glacier, the source of the 44 km (27 mi) long Kander river. The Gastern Valley is on the way to the 2,700 m [8,900 ft] high Lötschen Pass.

 

Part of the municipality is located within the Jungfrau-Aletsch area, declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2001 and extended in 2007. The area comprises Lake Oeschinen and the Gastern Valley.

 

Kandersteg has an area of 134.33 km2 (51.87 sq mi). Of this area, 17.84 km2 (6.89 sq mi) or 13.3% is used for agricultural purposes, while 15.86 km2 (6.12 sq mi) or 11.8% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.33 km2 (0.51 sq mi) or 1.0% is settled (buildings or roads), 2.5 km2 (0.97 sq mi) or 1.9% is either rivers or lakes and 96.96 km2 (37.44 sq mi) or 72.1% is unproductive land.

 

Of the built up area, housing and buildings make up 0.4% and transportation infrastructure make up 0.4%. Of the forested land, 8.8% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.3% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 1.2% is pastures and 12.0% is used for alpine pastures. Of the water in the municipality, 1.0% is in lakes and 0.9% is in rivers and streams. Of the unproductive areas, 10.4% is unproductive vegetation, 43.1% is too rocky for vegetation and 18.6% of the land is covered by glaciers.

 

The municipality is located in the upper most section of the Kander river valley, along with parts of the Gastern and Oeschinen valleys and part of the Blümlisalp mountain. It consists of the Bäuert of Kandersteg, which includes the village of Kandersteg and the Bäuert of Gastern.

 

On 31 December 2009 Amtsbezirk Frutigen, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Verwaltungskreis Frutigen-Niedersimmental.

 

Demographics

 

Kandersteg has a population (as of December 2020) of 1,288. As of 2010, 17.9% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000-2010) the population has changed at a rate of 4.3%. Migration accounted for 9.7%, while births and deaths accounted for -4.5%.

 

Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (1,022 or 89.9%) as their first language, Portuguese is the second most common (32 or 2.8%) and English is the third (13 or 1.1%). There are 12 people who speak French, 5 people who speak Italian.

 

As of 2008, the population was 48.3% male and 51.7% female. The population was made up of 486 Swiss men (39.5% of the population) and 108 (8.8%) non-Swiss men. There were 525 Swiss women (42.6%) and 112 (9.1%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 403 or about 35.4% were born in Kandersteg and lived there in 2000. There were 355 or 31.2% who were born in the same canton, while 154 or 13.5% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 181 or 15.9% were born outside of Switzerland.

 

As of 2010, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 16.2% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 61.9% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 21.9%.

 

As of 2000, there were 436 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 597 married individuals, 72 widows or widowers and 32 individuals who are divorced.

 

As of 2000, there were 166 households that consist of only one person and 27 households with five or more people. In 2000, a total of 467 apartments (48.5% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 434 apartments (45.1%) were seasonally occupied and 61 apartments (6.3%) were empty. As of 2010, the construction rate of new housing units was 32.5 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2011, was 3.8%.

 

Heritage sites of national significance

 

The hotel and restaurant or Gasthof Ruedihaus is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance.

 

Economy

 

As of 2012, there were a total of 678 people employed in the municipality. Of these, 44 were employed in the primary economic sector and there were about 15 businesses involved in this sector. 99 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 21 businesses in this sector. 535 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 104 businesses in this sector.

 

As of 2011, Kandersteg had an unemployment rate of 2.57%. As of 2008, there were a total of 647 people employed in the municipality. Of these, 46 were employed in the primary economic sector and there were about 16 businesses involved in this sector. 81 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 14 businesses in this sector. 520 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 76 businesses in this sector. There were 617 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 43.1% of the workforce.

 

In 2008 there were a total of 527 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 22, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 71 of which 9 or (12.7%) were in manufacturing and 55 (77.5%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 434. In the tertiary sector, 50 (11.5%) were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 58 (13.4%) were in the movement and storage of goods, 264 (60.8%) were in a hotel or restaurant, 6 (1.4%) were in the insurance or financial industry, 7 (1.6%) were in education and 20 (4.6%) were in health care.

 

In 2000, there were 175 workers who commuted into the municipality and 174 workers who commuted away; thus, by an extremely small margin the municipality is a net importer of workers. Of the working population, 9.6% used public transportation to get to work, and 37% used a private car.

 

Religion

 

From the 2000 census, 840 or 73.9% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 154 or 13.5% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there were 12 members of an Orthodox church (or about 1.06% of the population), and there were 27 individuals (or about 2.37% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 12 (or about 1.06% of the population) who were Islamic. There was 1 individual who belonged to another church. 53 (or about 4.66% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 51 individuals (or about 4.49% of the population) did not answer the question.

 

Climate

 

Between 1981 and 2010 Kandersteg had an average of 139.2 days of rain or snow per year and on average received 1,194 mm (47.0 in) of precipitation. The wettest month was July, when Kandersteg had an average of 147 mm (5.8 in) of rain or snow. During this month there was precipitation for an average of 13.5 days. The month with the most days of precipitation was June, with an average of 14.1, but with only 131 mm (5.2 in) of rain or snow. The driest month of the year was February with an average of 68 mm (2.7 in) of precipitation over 9.6 days.

 

Education

 

In Kandersteg about 509 or (44.8%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 106 or (9.3%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 106 who completed tertiary schooling, 51.9% were Swiss men, 19.8% were Swiss women, 17.9% were non-Swiss men and 10.4% were non-Swiss women.

 

The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower secondary school where the students are streamed according to ability and aptitude. After lower secondary school students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.

 

During the 2010-11 school year, there were a total of 86 students attending classes in Kandersteg. There was one kindergarten class with a total of 18 students in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 27.8% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 22.2% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had 3 primary classes and 68 students. Of the primary students, 13.2% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 14.7% have a different mother language than the classroom language.

 

As of 2000, there was one student in Kandersteg who came from another municipality, while 49 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

 

Tourism

 

A broad spectrum of accommodation characterises the village: from 5-star hotel to holiday apartments and camp sites. The World Scout Centre is located at the edge of the village. More than 14,000 Scouts from all over the world visit each year. Several mountain huts belonging to the Swiss Alpine Club are located in the valley.

 

The Kander Valley has an extensive network of hiking trails from the valley floor to the mountaintops and passes. The most famous routes lead to the canton of Valais, across the Gemmi Pass straight to Leukerbad (with cable cars operating at each end) or through the wild Gastern valley across the higher Lötschen Pass to the Lötschental.

 

Lake Oeschinen is considered one of the most attractive in Switzerland and can be accessed by the Kandersteg-Oeschinen cablecar which replaced the chairlift that operated until 7 September 2008. Other cablecars serve the areas of Sunnbüel and Allmenalp.

 

In winter over 50 kilometers (31 mi) of cross-country skiing trails (classic and skating) are available in the valley floor and higher up. Small downhill ski areas are located near Lake Oeschinen and Sunnbüel. A winter trail network connects the village to Blausee and to the Gemmi Pass. Other winter activities include skating, curling, ice climbing and ice fishing.

 

Near Kandersteg is located the Ricola Alpine garden. Other attractions in the village include a 16th-century parish church.

 

Transport

 

Kandersteg owes its development as a tourist destination to its good transport links at the northern end of the Lötschberg Tunnel, which is part of the Lötschberg line, a major railway line across the Alps.

 

Kandersteg railway station is located in the village, and is the first station to the north of the tunnel, through which trains run for 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) to emerge at Goppenstein in eastern Valais. Road vehicles can be carried through the tunnel to Goppenstein by open sided car shuttle trains.

 

Since 2007, the new Lötschberg Base Tunnel has connected Frutigen with Raron. As a result, the old Lötschberg line is used much less intensively. Nowadays, hourly regional express trains operate between Bern and Brig via Spiez, and freight trains continue to run on the mountain railway.

 

The municipality is also served by PostAuto bus services down the Kandertal to Mitholz, Blausee, Kandergrund and Frutigen, and up the Gastertal to Selden.

 

(Wikipedia)

 

Kandersteg ist eine politische Gemeinde im Verwaltungskreis Frutigen-Niedersimmental des Kantons Bern in der Schweiz.

 

Geografie

 

Der Ort Kandersteg liegt am Ende des Kandertals auf 1174 m ü. M. In der Gemeinde leben rund 1'300 Einwohner auf einer Fläche von 134,58 km², womit Kandersteg bezüglich der Fläche die fünftgrösste Gemeinde im Kanton Bern ist. Allerdings sind aufgrund der alpinen Lage nur etwa 30 % der Fläche nutzbar. Höchster Punkt: Balmhorn, 3'698 m, tiefster Punkt: Bühl, 1'150 m.

 

Eine besondere Bedeutung für das Dorf hat seit Anfang der 2020er Jahre der Spitze Stein südlich des Oeschinensees. Die instabile Flanke des Berges zeigt eine stark erhöhte Aktivität. In vielen Bereichen werden Bewegungen von mehreren Metern pro Jahr verzeichnet. Häufige Steinschlagereignisse und Felsstürze sind ein klares Zeichen für die hohe Aktivität am Berg. Als Folge der starken und teilweise tiefgründigen Bewegungen drohen zukünftig grosse Felsabbrüche mit Volumen von 100'000 bis einigen Millionen Kubikmetern, mit entsprechender weiträumiger Gefährdung unterhalb des Spitzen Steins.

 

Sprachen

 

Sprache ist Deutsch, genau genommen Chanderstägertütsch, ein spezieller Dialekt des Berner Oberlands mit Anlehnungen an den Walliser Dialekt.

 

Wirtschaft

 

Wirtschaftlich ist Kandersteg ganzjährig vom Tourismus geprägt. Daneben existieren landwirtschaftliche und baugewerbliche Betriebe sowie die Lötschbergbahn als Verkehrsbetrieb. Die Erwerbstätigen sind auf folgenden Sektoren beschäftigt: Land- und Forstwirtschaft (5 %), Handwerk und Baugewerbe (21 %) und Handel, Gastgewerbe, Dienstleistungen (74 %).

 

Tourismus

 

Der Tourismus in Kandersteg ist besonders auf Familien ausgerichtet. Kandersteg hat 19 Hotels mit rund 1'000 Betten und 800 Ferienwohnungen mit 2'000 Betten, einen Campingplatz und 22 Restaurants. 1850 genügte noch ein Hotel mit 5 Betten als Durchgangsquartier für Händler, die ihre Ware über den Gemmipass brachten. Um 1900 herum standen in Kandersteg 20 Hotels. Eines der ältesten Hotels im Dorf ist das Hotel «Ritter», das 1798 erbaut wurde und heute zusammen mit dem Belle-Époque-Hotel «Victoria» geführt wird.

 

Im Sommer sind mehrere Bergbahnen in Betrieb. Zahlreiche Wandermöglichkeiten über bequeme Wanderwege bis hin zu hochalpinen Klettersteigen stehen Gästen und Einheimischen offen. Zahlreiche Mountainbike-Routen runden das Freizeitangebot ab. Der Ort selbst bietet ein geheiztes Schwimmbad, Tennisplätze, Wellness-Angebote und eine Kletterwand.

 

Im Winter stehen in der Skiregion Kandersteg sechs Transportanlagen (Oeschinen und Sunnbüel) und 100 km Langlaufloipen zur Verfügung. Die beiden Schlepplifte auf der Sunnbüel wurden bis 2023 abgebrochen, so dass ein alpiner Ski- und Snowboardbetrieb (abgesehen von Touren) dort nicht mehr möglich ist.

 

Die beliebtesten Ausflugsziele sind der Oeschinensee, Sunnbüel (Gemmipass), das Gasterntal (Kandergletscher), Allmenalp, Ueschinen und der Blausee (Fischzucht; auf dem Gebiet der Gemeinde Kandergrund).

 

Kandersteg gehört zum erweiterten UNESCO-Weltnaturerbe Schweizer Alpen Jungfrau-Aletsch.

 

Ab 2010 wurde Kandersteg während einer Woche im Januar zu einem Treffpunkt für Belle-Époque-Fans. Auch Einheimische machen mit.[10]

 

Verkehr

 

Auf der Strasse gelangt man von Spiez (Autobahn A6 von Bern) über Frutigen nach Kandersteg. Hier besteht eine Verbindung per Autoverlad nach Goppenstein im Kanton Wallis sowie während der Ferienzeiten nach Iselle in Italien.

 

Eisenbahnanschlüsse nach Bern und Brig bestehen mit der Lötschbergbahn, die auch eine wichtige Alpentransitstrecke für den Güterverkehr darstellt.

 

Kandersteg verfügt über einen Ortsbus und eine Busverbindung nach Frutigen.

 

Olympia 2026

 

Im Zuge der im Juni 2018 zurückgezogenen[11] Schweizer Bewerbung um die Ausrichtung der Olympischen Winterspiele 2026 war beabsichtigt, in Kandersteg das Skispringen von der Normalschanze und die Nordische Kombination auszurichten. Hierzu hatte die Gemeindeversammlung am 8. Juni 2018 mehrheitlich einen Kredit von 1,2 Millionen Franken für den Ausbau der Zufahrtsstrasse zur Sprungschanze bewilligt.[12]

 

Geschichte

 

Der Ortsname geht auf einen alten Übergang über die Kander zurück, der zum Gemmi- und Lötschenpass führte. Diese Pässe ermöglichten bereits den Römern die Alpenüberquerung vom Wallis ins Berner Oberland. Die früheste erhaltene Erwähnung findet Kandersteg 1374 als Übernachtungsgelegenheit an der von Italien über den Lötschenpass kommenden Gewürzhandelsroute. Vom Handelsverkehr über die Gemmi zeugt auch das Zollhaus im Schwarenbach.

 

Der Bau der ersten Dorfkirche wurde 1511 begonnen. Das berühmteste Haus im Kandertal ist das reichverzierte Ruedi-Haus, erbaut 1753 für den Landsvenner Peter Germann.

 

Kandersteg gehörte bis 1850 zur Gemeinde Frutigen und bildete danach mit Kandergrund die Gemeinde Kandergrund. 1908 wurde Kandersteg eine eigenständige Gemeinde, das ursprüngliche Gemeindegebiet Kandergrund von total 16'665 ha wurde aufgeteilt: 3'207 ha gingen an Kandergrund und 13'458 ha erhielt Kandersteg.

 

Der Bau des Lötschbergtunnels von 1906 bis 1913 schuf eine wichtige Nord-Süd-Verbindung und bildete die Grundlage für den noch heute viel genutzten Autoverlad der Lötschbergbahn. Der Anschluss an das Bahnnetz förderte den Tourismus; viele der heutigen Hotels und Pensionen wurden in dieser Zeit gebaut. Vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg verfügte Kandersteg bereits über 30 Hotels und Pensionen mit insgesamt mehr als 1'300 Betten.

 

1923 gründete der Pfadfinderweltverband WOSM mit dem Pfadfinderzentrum Kandersteg eine der ersten dauerhaften internationalen Begegnungsstätten für Pfadfinder. Auf dem Gelände des Zentrums treffen heutzutage jedes Jahr rund 10'000 Pfadfinder zusammen.

 

Die katholische Marienkirche wurde 1927 geweiht.

 

In den 1980er-Jahren wurde der Schweizer Regierungsbunker, genannt Führungsanlage K20 (Kaverne 20), auf dem Gebiet der Gemeinde Kandersteg errichtet.

 

1991 wurde in Kandersteg das theravada-buddhistische Kloster Dhammapala gegründet.

 

Sehenswürdigkeiten

 

Der Spycher im Eggenschwand neben der Talstation der Sunnbüel-Bahn ist das älteste landwirtschaftliche Gebäude Kanderstegs. Eine dendrochronologische Untersuchung der Balken ergab, dass die Balken des Spychers in den Jahren 1510 bis 1512 geschlagen wurden. Eine Schätzung im Bauinventar des Kantons Bern datiert den Spycher ins 18. Jahrhundert. Der Speicher diente zur Lagerung von Getreide und anderem Säumergut, später wurde er als Stall genutzt, heute ist er Teil des Heimatmuseums Kandersteg. 1967 wurde der Spycher durch den Regierungsrat des Kantons Bern ins Inventar der geschützten Kunstaltertümer aufgenommen. 2011 wurde das Gebäude restauriert.

 

(Wikipedia)

Found these while packing my office to move.

I have no use for them and will accept offers to sell them as a whole or pick out pieces you want. There are transparent armor sets in there

A missing filter... Picture or maybe in the air of the time that brews a little anguish, it grinds ideas by dint of filtering the words... the cunning life with a twist. Angel or mill?

  

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in conspiracy theories and misinformation about the scale of the pandemic and the origin, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease.[1][2][3] False information, including intentional disinformation, has been spread through social media,[2][4] text messages,[5] and mass media,[6] including the tabloid media,[7] conservative media,[8][9] state media of countries such as China,[10][11] Russia,[12][13] Iran,[14] and Turkmenistan.[2][15] It has also been spread by state-backed covert operations to generate panic and sow distrust in other countries.[16][17]

 

Misinformation has been propagated by celebrities, politicians[18][19] (including heads of state in countries such as the United States,[20][21] Iran,[22] and Brazil[23]), and other prominent public figures.[24] Commercial scams have claimed to offer at-home tests, supposed preventives, and "miracle" cures.[25][26] Politicians and leaders of some countries have promoted purported cures, while some religious groups said that the faith of their followers and God will protect them from the virus.[27][28][29] Others have claimed the virus is a lab-developed bio-weapon that was accidentally leaked,[30][31] or deliberately designed to target a country,[32] or one with a patented vaccine, a population control scheme, the result of a spy operation,[3][4] or linked to 5G networks.[33]

 

The World Health Organization has declared an "infodemic" of incorrect information about the virus, which poses risks to global health.[2]

 

Types and origin and effect

On January 30, the BBC reported about the increasing spread of conspiracy theories and false health advice in relation to COVID-19. Notable examples at the time included false health advice shared on social media and private chats, as well as conspiracy theories such as the origin in bat soup and the outbreak being planned with the participation of the Pirbright Institute.[1][34] On January 31, The Guardian listed seven instances of misinformation, adding the conspiracy theories about bioweapons and the link to 5G technology, and including varied false health advice.[35]

 

In an attempt to speed up research sharing, many researches have turned to preprint servers such as arXiv, bioRxiv, medRxiv or SSRN. Papers can be uploaded to these servers without peer review or any other editorial process that ensures research quality. Some of these papers have contributed to the spread of conspiracy theories. The most notable case was a preprint paper uploaded to bioRxiv which claimed that the virus contained HIV "insertions". Following the controversy, the paper was withdrawn.[36][37][38]

 

According to a study published by the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, most misinformation related to COVID-19 involves "various forms of reconfiguration, where existing and often true information is spun, twisted, recontextualised, or reworked". While less misinformation "was completely fabricated". The study found no deep fakes in the studied sample. The study also found that "top-down misinformation from politicians, celebrities, and other prominent public figures", while accounting for a minority of the samples, captured a majority of the social media engagement. According to their classification, the largest category of misinformation (39%) includes "misleading or false claims about the actions or policies of public authorities, including government and international bodies like the WHO or the UN".[39]

 

A natural experiment correlated coronavirus misinformation with increased infection and death; of two similar television news shows on the same network, one took coronavirus seriously about a month earlier than the other. People and groups exposed to the slow-response news show had higher infection and death rates.[40]

 

The misinformations have been used by politicians, interest groups, and state actors in many countries to scapegoat other countries for the mishandling of the domestic responses, as well as furthering political, financial agenda.[41][42][43]

 

Combative efforts

Further information: Impact of the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic on journalism

File:ITU - AI for Good Webinar Series - COVID-19 Misinformation and Disinformation during COVID-19.webm

International Telecommunication Union

On February 2, the World Health Organization (WHO) described a "massive infodemic", citing an over-abundance of reported information, accurate and false, about the virus that "makes it hard for people to find trustworthy sources and reliable guidance when they need it". The WHO stated that the high demand for timely and trustworthy information has incentivised the creation of a direct WHO 24/7 myth-busting hotline where its communication and social media teams have been monitoring and responding to misinformation through its website and social media pages.[44][45][46] The WHO specifically debunked several claims as false, including the claim that a person can tell if they have the virus or not simply by holding their breath; the claim that drinking large amounts of water will protect against the virus; and the claim that gargling salt water prevents infection.[47]

 

In early February, Facebook, Twitter and Google said they were working with WHO to address "misinformation".[48] In a blogpost, Facebook stated they would remove content flagged by global health organizations and local authorities that violate its content policy on misinformation leading to "physical harm".[49] Facebook is also giving free advertising to WHO.[50] Nonetheless, a week after Trump's speculation that sunlight could kill the virus, the New York Times found "780 Facebook groups, 290 Facebook pages, nine Instagram accounts and thousands of tweets pushing UV light therapies," content which those companies declined to remove from their platforms.[51]

 

At the end of February, Amazon removed more than a million products claimed to cure or protect against coronavirus, and removed tens of thousands of listings for health products whose prices were "significantly higher than recent prices offered on or off Amazon", although numerous items were "still being sold at unusually high prices" as of February 28.[52]

 

Millions of instances of COVID-19 misinformation have occurred across a number of online platforms.[53] Other fake news researchers noted certain rumors started in China; many of them later spread to Korea and the United States, prompting several universities in Korea to start the multilingual Facts Before Rumors campaign to separate common claims seen online.[54][55][56][57]

 

The media has praised Wikipedia's coverage of COVID-19 and its combating the inclusion of misinformation through efforts led by the Wiki Project Med Foundation and the English-language Wikipedia's WikiProject Medicine, among other groups.[58][59][60]

 

Many local newspapers have been severely affected by losses in advertising revenues from coronavirus; journalists have been laid off, and some have closed altogether.[61]

 

Many newspapers with paywalls lowered them for some or all their coronavirus coverage.[62][63] Many scientific publishers made scientific papers related to the outbreak open access.[64]

 

The Turkish Interior Ministry has been arresting social media users whose posts were "targeting officials and spreading panic and fear by suggesting the virus had spread widely in Turkey and that officials had taken insufficient measures".[65] Iran's military said 3600 people have been arrested for "spreading rumors" about coronavirus in the country.[66] In Cambodia, some individuals who expressed concerns about the spread of COVID-19 have been arrested on fake news charges.[67][68] Algerian lawmakers passed a law criminalising "fake news" deemed harmful to "public order and state security".[69] In the Philippines,[70] China,[71] India,[72][73] Egypt,[74] Bangladesh,[75] Morocco,[76] Pakistan,[77] Saudi Arabia,[78] Oman,[79] Iran,[80] Vietnam, Laos,[81] Indonesia,[73] Mongolia,[73] Sri Lanka,[73] Kenya, South Africa,[82] Somalia,[83] Thailand,[84] Kazakhstan,[85] Azerbaijan,[86] Malaysia[87] and Hong Kong, people have been arrested for allegedly spreading false information about the coronavirus pandemic.[88][73] The United Arab Emirates have introduced criminal penalties for the spread of misinformation and rumours related to the outbreak.[89]

 

Conspiracy theories

Conspiracy theories have appeared both in social media and in mainstream news outlets, and are heavily influenced by geopolitics.[90]

 

Accidental leakage

 

Virologist and immunologist Vincent R. Racaniello said that "accident theories – and the lab-made theories before them – reflect a lack of understanding of the genetic make-up of Sars-CoV-2."[91]

A number of allegations have emerged supposing a link between the virus and Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV); among these is that the virus was an accidental leakage from WIV.[92] In 2017, U.S. molecular biologist Richard H. Ebright expressed caution when the WIV was expanded to become mainland China's first biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) laboratory, noting previous escapes of the SARS virus at other Chinese laboratories.[93] While Ebright refuted several conspiracy theories regarding the WIV (e.g., bioweapons research, or that the virus was engineered), he told BBC China this did not represent the possibility that the virus can be "completely ruled out" from entering the population due to a laboratory accident.[92] Various researchers contacted by NPR concluded there was "virtually no chance" (in NPR's words) that the pandemic virus had accidentally escaped from a laboratory.[94] Disinformation researcher Nina Jankowicz from Wilson Center indicates the lab leakage claim entered mainstream media in United States during April, propagated by pro-Trump news outlet.[43]

 

On February 14, 2020, Chinese scientists explored the possibility of accidental leakage and published speculations on scientific social networking website ResearchGate. The paper was neither peer-reviewed nor presented any evidence for its claims.[95] On March 5, the author of paper told Wall Street Journal in an interview why he decided to withdrew the paper by the end of February, stating: "the speculation about the possible origins in the post was based on published papers and media, and was not supported by direct proofs."[96][97] Several newspapers have referenced the paper.[95] Scientific American reported that Shi Zhengli, the lead researcher at WIV, started investigation on mishandling of experimental materials in the lab records, especially during disposal. She also tried to cross-check the novel coronavirus genome with the genetic information of other bat coronaviruses her team had collected. The result showed none of the sequences matched those of the viruses her team had sampled from bat caves.[98]

 

In February, it was alleged that the first person infected may have been a researcher at the institute named Huang Yanling.[99] Rumours circulated on Chinese social media that the researcher had become infected and died, prompting a denial from WIV, saying she was a graduate student enrolled in the Institute until 2015 and is not the patient zero.[100][99] In April, the conspiracy theory started to circulate around on Youtube and got picked up by conservative media, National Review.[101][6]

 

The South China Morning Post (SCMP) reported that one of the WIV's lead researchers, Shi Zhengli, was the particular focus of personal attacks in Chinese social media alleging that her work on bat-based viruses was the source of the virus; this led Shi to post: "I swear with my life, [the virus] has nothing to do with the lab". When asked by the SCMP to comment on the attacks, Shi responded: "My time must be spent on more important matters".[102] Caixin reported Shi made further public statements against "perceived tinfoil-hat theories about the new virus's source", quoting her as saying: "The novel 2019 coronavirus is nature punishing the human race for keeping uncivilized living habits. I, Shi Zhengli, swear on my life that it has nothing to do with our laboratory".[103] Immunologist Vincent Racaniello stated that virus leaking theory "reflect a lack of understanding of the genetic make-up of Sars-CoV-2 and its relationship to the bat virus". He says the bat virus researched in the institution "would not have been able to infect humans—the human Sars-CoV-2 has additional changes that allows it to infect humans."[91]

 

On April 14, the U.S. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General Mark Milley, in response to questions about the virus being manufactured in a lab, said "... it's inconclusive, although the weight of evidence seems to indicate natural. But we don't know for certain."[104] On that same day, Washington Post columnist Josh Rogin detailed a leaked cable of a 2018 trip made to the WIV by scientists from the U.S. Embassy. The article was referenced and cited by conservative media to push the lab leakage theory.[43] Rogin's article went on to say that "What the U.S. officials learned during their visits concerned them so much that they dispatched two diplomatic cables categorized as Sensitive But Unclassified back to Washington. The cables warned about safety and management weaknesses at the WIV lab and proposed more attention and help. The first cable, which I obtained, also warns that the lab's work on bat coronaviruses and their potential human transmission represented a risk of a new SARS-like pandemic."[105] Rogin's article pointed out there was no evidence that the coronavirus was engineered, "But that is not the same as saying it didn't come from the lab, which spent years testing bat coronaviruses in animals."[105] The article went on to quote Xiao Qiang, a research scientist at the School of Information at the University of California, Berkeley, "I don't think it's a conspiracy theory. I think it's a legitimate question that needs to be investigated and answered. To understand exactly how this originated is critical knowledge for preventing this from happening in the future."[105] Washington Post's article and subsequent broadcasts drew criticism from virologist Angela Rasmussen of Columbia University, which she states "It's irresponsible for political reporters like Rogin [to] uncritically regurgitate a secret 'cable' without asking a single virologist or ecologist or making any attempt to understand the scientific context."[43] Rasmussen later compared biosafety procedure concerns to "having the health inspector come to your restaurant. It could just be, ‘Oh, you need to keep your chemical showers better stocked.’ It doesn’t suggest, however, that there are tremendous problems.”[106]

 

Days later, multiple media outlets confirmed that U.S. intelligence officials were investigating the possibility that the virus started in the WIV.[107][108][109][110] On April 23, Vox presented disputed arguments on lab leakage claims from several scientists.[111] Scientists suggested that virus samples cultured in the lab have significant amount of difference compare to SARS-CoV-2. The virus institution sampled RaTG13 in Yunnan, the closest known relative of the novel coronavirus with 96% shared genome. Edward Holmes, SARS-CoV-2 researcher at the University of Sydney, explained 4% of difference "is equivalent to an average of 50 years (and at least 20 years) of evolutionary change."[111][112] Virologist Peter Daszak, president of the EcoHealth Alliance, which studies emerging infectious diseases, noted the estimation that 1–7 million people in Southeast Asia who live or work in proximity to bats are infected each year with bat coronaviruses. In the interview with Vox, he comments, "There are probably half a dozen people that do work in those labs. So let's compare 1 million to 7 million people a year to half a dozen people; it's just not logical."[94][111]

 

On April 30, The New York Times reported the Trump administration demanded intelligence agencies to find evidence linking WIV with the origin of SARS-Cov-2. Secretary of State and former Central Intelligence Agency (C.I.A) director Mike Pompeo was reportedly leading the push on finding information regarding the virus origin. Analysts were concerned that pressure from senior officials could distort assessments from the intelligence community. Anthony Ruggiero, the head of the National Security Council which responsible for tracking weapons of mass destruction, expressed frustration during a video conference that C.I.A. was unable to form conclusive answer on the origin of the virus. According to current and former government officials, as of April 30, C.I.A has yet to gather any information beyond circumstantial evidence to bolster the lab theory.[113][114] US intelligence officers suggested that Chinese officials tried to conceal the severity of the outbreak in early days, but no evidence had shown China attempted to cover up a lab accident.[115] One day later, Trump claimed he has evidence of the lab theory, but offers no further details on it.[116][117] Jamie Metzl, a senior fellow at the Atlantic Council, claimed the SARS-CoV-2 virus "likely" came from a Wuhan virology testing laboratory, based on "circumstantial evidence". He was quoted as saying, "I have no definitive way of proving this thesis."[118]

 

On April 30, 2020, the U.S. intelligence and scientific communities issued a public statement dismissing the idea that the virus was not natural, while the investigation of the lab accident theory was ongoing.[119][120] The White House suggested an alternative explanation, along with a seemingly contradictory message, that the virus was man-made. In an interview with ABC News, Secretary of State Pompeo said he has no reason to disbelieve the intelligence community that the virus was natural. However, this contradicted the comment he made earlier in the same interview, in which he said "the best experts so far seem to think it was man-made. I have no reason to disbelieve that at this point."[121][122][123] On May 4, Australian tabloid The Daily Telegraph claimed a reportedly leaked dossier from Five Eyes, which alleged the probable outbreak was from the Wuhan lab.[124] Fox News and national security commentators in the US quickly followed up The Telegraph story,[125][126] rising the tension within international intelligence community.[127] Australian government, which is part of the Five Eyes nations, determined the leaked dossier was not a Five Eyes document, but a compilation of open-source materials that contained no information generated by intelligence gathering.[128] German intelligence community denied the claim of the leaked dossier, instead supported the probability of a natural cause.[129][130] Australian government sees the promotion of the lab theory from the United States counterproductive to Australia’s push for a more broad international-supported independent inquiry into the virus origins.[127] Senior officials in Australian government speculated the dossier was leaked by US embassy in Canberra to promote a narrative in Australia media that diverged from the mainstream belief of Australia.[127][128][125]

 

Beijing rejected the White House's claim, calling the claim "part of an election year strategy by President Donald Trump’s Republican Party".[131] Hua Chunying, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokeswoman, urged Mike Pompeo to present evidence for his claim. "Mr. Pompeo cannot present any evidence because he does not have any," Hua told a journalist during a regular briefing, "This matter should be handled by scientists and professionals instead of politicians out of their domestic political needs."[131][132] The Chinese ambassador, in an opinion published in the Washington Post, called on the White House to end the "blame game" over the coronavirus.[133][134] As of May 5, assessments and internal sources from the Five Eyes nations indicated that the coronavirus outbreak was the result of a laboratory accident was "highly unlikely", since the human infection was "highly likely" a result of natural human and animal interaction. However, to reach such a conclusion with total certainty would still require greater cooperation and transparency from the Chinese side.[135]

 

Anti-Israeli and antisemitic

Further information: Antisemitic canard

Iran's Press TV asserted that "Zionist elements developed a deadlier strain of coronavirus against Iran".[14] Similarly, various Arab media outlets accused Israel and the United States of creating and spreading COVID-19, avian flu, and SARS.[136] Users on social media offered a variety of theories, including the supposition that Jews had manufactured COVID-19 to precipitate a global stock market collapse and thereby profit via insider trading,[137] while a guest on Turkish television posited a more ambitious scenario in which Jews and Zionists had created COVID-19, avian flu, and Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever to "design the world, seize countries, [and] neuter the world's population".[138]

 

Israeli attempts to develop a COVID-19 vaccine prompted mixed reactions. Grand Ayatollah Naser Makarem Shirazi denied initial reports that he had ruled that a Zionist-made vaccine would be halal,[139] and one Press TV journalist tweeted that "I'd rather take my chances with the virus than consume an Israeli vaccine".[140] A columnist for the Turkish Yeni Akit asserted that such a vaccine could be a ruse to carry out mass sterilization.[141]

 

An alert by the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation regarding the possible threat of far-right extremists intentionally spreading the coronavirus mentioned blame being assigned to Jews and Jewish leaders for causing the pandemic and several statewide shutdowns.[142]

 

Anti-Muslim

Further information: 2020 Tablighi Jamaat coronavirus hotspot in Delhi

In India, Muslims have been blamed for spreading infection following the emergence of cases linked to a Tablighi Jamaat religious gathering.[143] There are reports of vilification of Muslims on social media and attacks on individuals in India.[144] Claims have been made Muslims are selling food contaminated with coronavirus and that a mosque in Patna was sheltering people from Italy and Iran.[145] These claims were shown to be false.[146] In the UK, there are reports of far-right groups blaming Muslims for the coronavirus outbreak and falsely claiming that mosques remained open after the national ban on large gatherings.[147]

 

Bioengineered virus

It has been repeatedly claimed that the virus was deliberately created by humans.

 

Nature Medicine published an article arguing against the conspiracy theory that the virus was created artificially. The high-affinity binding of its peplomers to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) was shown to be "most likely the result of natural selection on a human or human-like ACE2 that permits another optimal binding solution to arise".[148] In case of genetic manipulation, one of the several reverse-genetic systems for betacoronaviruses would probably have been used, while the genetic data irrefutably showed that the virus is not derived from a previously used virus template.[148] The overall molecular structure of the virus was found to be distinct from the known coronaviruses and most closely resembles that of viruses of bats and pangolins that were little studied and never known to harm humans.[149]

 

In February 2020, the Financial Times quoted virus expert and global co-lead coronavirus investigator Trevor Bedford: "There is no evidence whatsoever of genetic engineering that we can find", and "The evidence we have is that the mutations [in the virus] are completely consistent with natural evolution".[150] Bedford further explained, "The most likely scenario, based on genetic analysis, was that the virus was transmitted by a bat to another mammal between 20–70 years ago. This intermediary animal—not yet identified—passed it on to its first human host in the city of Wuhan in late November or early December 2019".[150]

 

On February 19, 2020, The Lancet published a letter of a group of scientists condemning "conspiracy theories suggesting that COVID-19 does not have a natural origin".[151]

 

Chinese biological weapon

India

Amidst a rise in Sinophobia, there have been conspiracy theories reported on India's social networks that the virus is "a bioweapon that went rogue" and also fake videos alleging that Chinese authorities are killing citizens to prevent its spread.[152]

 

Ukraine

According to the Kyiv Post, two common conspiracy theories online in Ukraine are that American author Dean Koontz predicted the pandemic in his 1981 novel The Eyes of Darkness, and that the coronavirus is a bioweapon leaked from a secret lab in Wuhan.[153]

 

United Kingdom

 

Tobias Ellwood said, "It would be irresponsible to suggest the source of this outbreak was an error in a Chinese military biological weapons programme ... But without greater Chinese transparency we cannot entirely completely sure."[154]

In February, Conservative MP Tobias Ellwood, chair of the Defence Select Committee of the UK House of Commons, publicly questioned the role of the Chinese Army's Wuhan Institute for Biological Products and called for the "greater transparency over the origins of the coronavirus".[154][non-primary source needed] The Daily Mail reported in early April 2020 that a member of COBRA (an ad-hoc government committee tasked with advising on crises[citation needed]) has stated while government intelligence does not dispute that the virus has a zoonotic origin, it also does not discount the idea of a leak from a Wuhan laboratory, saying "Perhaps it is no coincidence that there is that laboratory in Wuhan"; the Asia Times reported the story as if it were factual,[155] perhaps unaware of the reputation of the Daily Mail.

 

United States

Further information: Cyberwarfare in the United States and Propaganda in the United States

In January 2020, BBC News published an article about coronavirus misinformation, citing two January 24 articles from The Washington Times that said the virus was part of a Chinese biological weapons program, based at the Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV).[1] The Washington Post later published an article debunking the conspiracy theory, citing U.S. experts who explained why the WIV was unsuitable for bioweapon research, that most countries had abandoned bioweapons as fruitless, and that there was no evidence the virus was genetically engineered.[156]

 

On January 29, financial news website and blog ZeroHedge suggested without evidence that a scientist at the WIV created the COVID-19 strain responsible for the coronavirus outbreak. Zerohedge listed the full contact details of the scientist supposedly responsible, a practice known as doxing, by including the scientist's name, photo, and phone number, suggesting to readers that they "pay [the Chinese scientist] a visit" if they wanted to know "what really caused the coronavirus pandemic".[157] Twitter later permanently suspended the blog's account for violating its platform-manipulation policy.[158]

  

Logo of the fictional Umbrella Corporation, which some internet rumours linked to the pandemic. The corporation was invented for the Resident Evil game series.

In January 2020, Buzzfeed News reported on an internet meme of a link between the logo of the WIV and "Umbrella Corporation", the agency that created the virus responsible for a zombie apocalypse in the Resident Evil franchise. Posts online noted that "Racoon [sic]" (the main city in Resident Evil) was an anagram of "Corona".[159] Snopes noted that the logo was not from the WIV, but a company named Shanghai Ruilan Bao Hu San Biotech Ltd (located some 500 miles (800 km) away in Shanghai), and that the correct name of the city in Resident Evil was "Raccoon City".[159]

 

In February 2020, U.S. Senator Tom Cotton (R-AR) suggested the virus may have originated in a Chinese bioweapon laboratory.[160] Francis Boyle, a law professor, also expressed support for the bioweapon theory suggesting it was the result of unintended leaks.[161] Cotton elaborated on Twitter that his opinion was only one of "at least four hypotheses". Multiple medical experts have indicated there is no evidence for these claims.[162] Conservative political commentator Rush Limbaugh said on The Rush Limbaugh Show—the most popular radio show in the U.S.—that the virus was probably "a ChiCom laboratory experiment" and the Chinese government was using the virus and the media hysteria surrounding it to bring down Donald Trump.[163][164]

 

On February 6, the White House asked scientists and medical researchers to rapidly investigate the origins of the virus both to address the current spread and "to inform future outbreak preparation and better understand animal/human and environmental transmission aspects of coronaviruses".[165] American magazine Foreign Policy said Xi Jinping's "political agenda may turn out to be a root cause of the epidemic" and that his Belt and Road Initiative has "made it possible for a local disease to become a global menace".[90]

 

The Inverse reported that "Christopher Bouzy, the founder of Bot Sentinel, conducted a Twitter analysis for Inverse and found [online] bots and trollbots are making an array of false claims. These bots are claiming China intentionally created the virus, that it's a biological weapon, that Democrats are overstating the threat to hurt Donald Trump and more. While we can't confirm the origin of these bots, they are decidedly pro-Trump."[166]

 

Conservative commentator Josh Bernstein claimed that the Democratic Party and the "medical deep state" were collaborating with the Chinese government to create and release the coronavirus to bring down Donald Trump. Bernstein went on to suggest those responsible should be locked in a room with infected coronavirus patients as punishment.[167][168]

 

Jerry Falwell Jr., the president of Liberty University, promoted a conspiracy theory on Fox News that North Korea and China conspired together to create the coronavirus.[169] He also said people were overreacting to the coronavirus outbreak and that Democrats were trying to use the situation to harm President Trump.[170]

 

Hospital ship attack

The hospital ship USNS Mercy (T-AH-19) deployed to the Port of Los Angeles to provide backup medical services for the region. On March 31, 2020, a Pacific Harbor Line freight train was deliberately derailed by its onboard engineer in an attempt to crash into the ship, but the attack was unsuccessful and no one was injured.[171][172] According to U.S. federal prosecutors, the train's engineer "[...] was suspicious of the Mercy, believing it had an alternate purpose related to COVID-19 or a government takeover".[173]

 

Population control scheme

See also: List of conspiracy theories § RFID chips

According to the BBC, Jordan Sather, a conspiracy theory YouTuber supporting the far-right QAnon conspiracy theory and the anti-vax movement, has falsely claimed the outbreak was a population control scheme created by Pirbright Institute in England and by former Microsoft CEO Bill Gates. This belief is held mostly by right-wing libertarians, NWO conspiracy theorists, and Christian Fundamentalists.[1][174]

 

Spy operation

Some people have alleged that the coronavirus was stolen from a Canadian virus research lab by Chinese scientists. Health Canada and the Public Health Agency of Canada said that conspiracy theory had "no factual basis".[175] The stories seem to have been derived[176] from a July 2019 news article[177] stating that some Chinese researchers had their security access to a Canadian Level 4 virology facility revoked in a federal police investigation; Canadian officials described this as an administrative matter and "there is absolutely no risk to the Canadian public."[177]

 

This article was published by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC);[176] responding to the conspiracy theories, the CBC later stated that "CBC reporting never claimed the two scientists were spies, or that they brought any version of the coronavirus to the lab in Wuhan". While pathogen samples were transferred from the lab in Winnipeg, Canada to Beijing, China, on March 31, 2019, neither of the samples was a coronavirus, the Public Health Agency of Canada says the shipment conformed to all federal policies, and there has not been any statement that the researchers under investigation were responsible for sending the shipment. The current location of the researchers under investigation by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police is not being released.[175][178][179]

 

In the midst of the coronavirus epidemic, a senior research associate and expert in biological warfare with the Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies, referring to a NATO press conference, identified suspicions of espionage as the reason behind the expulsions from the lab, but made no suggestion that coronavirus was taken from the Canadian lab or that it is the result of bioweapons defense research in China.[180]

 

U.S. biological weapon

Arab world

According to Washington DC-based nonprofit Middle East Media Research Institute, numerous writers in the Arabic press have promoted the conspiracy theory that COVID-19, as well as SARS and the swine flu virus, were deliberately created and spread to sell vaccines against these diseases, and it is "part of an economic and psychological war waged by the U.S. against China with the aim of weakening it and presenting it as a backward country and a source of diseases".[181] Iraqi political analyst Sabah Al-Akili on Al-Etejah TV, Saudi daily Al-Watan writer Sa'ud Al-Shehry, Syrian daily Al-Thawra columnist Hussein Saqer, and Egyptian journalist Ahmad Rif'at on Egyptian news website Vetogate, were some examples given by MEMRI as propagators of the U.S. biowarfare conspiracy theory in the Arabic world.[181]

 

China

Further information: Cyberwarfare by China, Propaganda in China, and Chinese information operations and information warfare

 

The Xinhua News Agency is among the news outlets that have published false information about COVID-19's origins.

According to London-based The Economist, plenty of conspiracy theories exist on China's internet about COVID-19 being the CIA's creation to keep China down.[182] NBC News however has noted that there have also been debunking efforts of U.S.-related conspiracy theories posted online, with a WeChat search of "Coronavirus is from the U.S." reported to mostly yield articles explaining why such claims are unreasonable.[183] According to an investigation by ProPublica, such conspiracy theories and disinformation have been propagated under the direction of China News Service, the country's second largest government-owned media outlet controlled by the United Front Work Department.[184] Global Times and Xinhua News Agency have similarly been implicated in propagating disinformation related to COVID-19's origins.[185][186]

 

Multiple conspiracy articles in Chinese from the SARS era resurfaced during the outbreak with altered details, claiming SARS is biological warfare. Some said BGI Group from China sold genetic information of the Chinese people to the U.S., which then specifically targeted the genome of Chinese individuals.[187]

 

On January 26, Chinese military enthusiast website Xilu published an article, claimed how the U.S. artificially combined the virus to "precisely target Chinese people".[188][189] The article was removed in early February. The article was further distorted on social media in Taiwan, which claimed "Top Chinese military website admitted novel coronavirus was Chinese-made bio-weapons".[190] Taiwan Fact-check center debunked the original article and its divergence, suggesting the original Xilu article distorted the conclusion from a legitimate research on Chinese scientific magazine Science China Life Sciences, which never mentioned the virus was engineered.[190] The fact-check center explained Xilu is a military enthusiastic tabloid established by a private company, thus it doesn't represent the voice of Chinese military.[190]

 

Some articles on popular sites in China have also cast suspicion on U.S. military athletes participating in the Wuhan 2019 Military World Games, which lasted until the end of October 2019, and have suggested they deployed the virus. They claim the inattentive attitude and disproportionately below-average results of American athletes in the games indicate they might have been there for other purposes and they might actually be bio-warfare operatives. Such posts stated that their place of residence during their stay in Wuhan was also close to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, where the first known cluster of cases occurred.[191]

 

In March 2020, this conspiracy theory was endorsed by Zhao Lijian, a spokesperson from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China.[192][193][194][195] On March 13, the U.S. government summoned Chinese Ambassador Cui Tiankai to Washington over the coronavirus conspiracy theory.[196] Over the next month, conspiracy theorists narrowed their focus to one U.S. Army Reservist, a woman who participated in the games in Wuhan as a cyclist, claiming she is "patient zero". According to a CNN report, these theories have been spread by George Webb, who has nearly 100,000 followers on YouTube, and have been amplified by a report by CPC-owned newspaper Global Times.[197][198]

 

Iran

Further information: Propaganda in Iran

 

Reza Malekzadeh, deputy health minister, rejected bioterrorism theories.

According to Radio Farda, Iranian cleric Seyyed Mohammad Saeedi accused U.S. President Donald Trump of targeting Qom with coronavirus "to damage its culture and honor". Saeedi claimed that Trump is fulfilling his promise to hit Iranian cultural sites, if Iranians took revenge for the airstrike that killed of Quds Force Commander Qasem Soleimani.[199]

 

Iranian TV personality Ali Akbar Raefipour claimed the coronavirus was part of a "hybrid warfare" programme waged by the United States on Iran and China.[200] Brigadier General Gholam Reza Jalali, head of Iranian Civil Defense Organization, claimed the coronavirus is likely a biological attack on China and Iran with economic goals.[201][202]

 

Hossein Salami, the head of Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), claimed the coronavirus outbreak in Iran may be due to a U.S. "biological attack".[203] Several Iranian politicians, including Hossein Amir-Abdollahian, Rasoul Falahati, Alireza Panahian, Abolfazl Hasanbeigi and Gholamali Jafarzadeh Imanabadi, also made similar remarks.[204] Iranian Supreme Leader, the Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, made similar suggestions.[205]

 

Former Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad sent a letter to the United Nations on March 9, claiming that "it is clear to the world that the mutated coronavirus was produced in lab" and that COVID-19 is "a new weapon for establishing and/or maintaining political and economic upper hand in the global arena".[206]

 

The late[207] Ayatollah Hashem Bathaie Golpayegani claimed that "America is the source of coronavirus, because America went head to head with China and realised it cannot keep up with it economically or militarily."[208]

 

Reza Malekzadeh, Iran's deputy health minister and former Minister of Health, rejected claims that the virus was a biological weapon, pointing out that the U.S. would be suffering heavily from it. He said Iran was hard-hit because its close ties to China and reluctance to cut air ties introduced the virus, and because early cases had been mistaken for influenza.[205]

 

Philippines

 

In the Philippine Senate, Tito Sotto has promoted his belief that COVID-19 is a bioweapon.

A Filipino Senator, Tito Sotto, played a bioweapon conspiracy video in a February 2020 Senate hearing, suggesting the coronavirus is biowarfare waged against China.[209][210]

 

Russia

Further information: Cyberwarfare by Russia and Propaganda in the Russian Federation

On February 22, U.S. officials alleged that Russia is behind an ongoing disinformation campaign, using thousands of social media accounts on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram to deliberately promote unfounded conspiracy theories, claiming the virus is a biological weapon manufactured by the CIA and the U.S. is waging economic war on China using the virus.[211][12][212] The acting assistant secretary of state for Europe and Eurasia, Philip Reeker, said "Russia's intent is to sow discord and undermine U.S. institutions and alliances from within" and "by spreading disinformation about coronavirus, Russian malign actors are once again choosing to threaten public safety by distracting from the global health response."[211] Russia denies the allegation, saying "this is a deliberately false story".[213]

 

According to U.S.-based The National Interest magazine, although official Russian channels had been muted on pushing the U.S. biowarfare conspiracy theory, other Russian media elements do not share the Kremlin's restraint.[214] Zvezda, a news outlet funded by the Russian Defense Ministry, published an article titled "Coronavirus: American biological warfare against Russia and China", claiming that the virus is intended to damage the Chinese economy, weakening its hand in the next round of trade negotiations.[214] Ultra-nationalist politician and leader of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia, Vladimir Zhirinovsky, claimed on a Moscow radio station that the virus was an experiment by the Pentagon and pharmaceutical companies. Politician Igor Nikulin made rounds on Russian television and news media, arguing that Wuhan was chosen for the attack because the presence of a BSL-4 virus lab provided a cover story for the Pentagon and CIA about a Chinese bio-experiment leak.[214] An EU-document claims 80 attempts by Russian media to spread disinformation related to the epidemic.[215]

 

According to the East StratCom Task Force, the Sputnik news agency was active publishing stories speculating that the virus could've been invented in Latvia, that it was used by Communist Party of China to curb protests in Hong Kong, that it was introduced intentionally to reduce the number of elder people in Italy, that it was targeted against the Yellow Vests movement, and making many other speculations. Sputnik branches in countries including Armenia, Belarus, Spain, and in the Middle East came up with versions of these stories.[216]

 

Venezuela

Constituent Assembly member Elvis Méndez declared that the coronavirus was a "bacteriological sickness created in '89, in '90 and historically" and that it was a sickness "inoculated by the gringos". Méndez theorized that the virus was a weapon against Latin America and China and that its purpose was "to demoralize the person, to weaken to install their system".[217]

 

COVID-19 recovery

It has been wrongly claimed that anyone infected with COVID-19 will have the virus in their bodies for life. While there is no curative treatment, infected individuals can recover from the disease, eliminating the virus from their bodies; getting supportive medical care early can help.[279]

 

COVID-19 xenophobic blaming by ethnicity and religion

Main article: List of incidents of xenophobia and racism related to the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic

File:IOM - Fighting Stigma and Discrimination against Migrants during COVID-19.webm

UN video warns that misinformation against groups may lower testing rates and increase transmission.

COVID-19-related xenophobic attacks have been made against people the attacker blamed for COVID-19 on the basis of their ethnicity. People who are considered to look Chinese have been subjected to COVID-19-related verbal and physical attacks in many other countries, often by people accusing them of transmitting the virus.[281][282][283] Within China, there has been discrimination (such as evictions and non-service in shops) against people from anywhere closer to Wuhan (where the pandemic started) and against anyone perceived as being non-Chinese (especially those considered African), as the Chinese government has blamed continuing cases on re-introductions of the virus from abroad (90% of reintroduced cases were by Chinese passport-holders). Neighbouring countries have also discriminated against people seen as Westerners.[284][285][286] People have also simply blamed other local groups along the lines of pre-existing social tensions and divisions, sometimes citing reporting of COVID-19 cases within that group. For instance, Muslims have been widely blamed, shunned, and discriminated against in India (including some violent attacks), amid unfounded claims that Muslims are deliberately spreading COVID-19, and a Muslim event at which the disease did spread has received far more public attention than many similar events run by other groups and the government.[287] White supremacist groups have blamed COVID-19 on non-whites and advocated deliberately infecting minorities they dislike, such as Jews.[288]

 

False causes

5G

 

5G towers have been burned by people wrongly blaming them for COVID-19.

 

Openreach engineers appealed on anti-5G Facebook groups, saying they aren't involved in mobile networks, and workplace abuse is making it difficult for them to maintain phonelines and broadband.

This article is part of a series on

Alternative and pseudo‑medicine

Outline-body-aura.svg

General information[show]

Fringe medicine and science[show]

Conspiracy theories[hide]

Anti-fluoridation/Water fluoridation movement Anti-vaccination Vaccines causing autism Big Pharma conspiracy theory COVID-19 pandemic GMO conspiracy theories HIV/AIDS denialism Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories OPV AIDS hypothesis

Classifications[show]

Traditional medicine[show]

Diagnoses[show]

vte

In February 2020 BBC News reported that conspiracy theorists on social media groups alleged a link between coronavirus and 5G mobile networks, claiming that Wuhan and Diamond Princess outbreaks were directly caused by electromagnetic fields and by the introduction of 5G and wireless technologies. Some conspiracy theorists also alleged that the coronavirus outbreak was a cover-up for a 5G-related illness.[33] In March 2020, Thomas Cowan, a holistic medical practitioner who trained as a physician and operates on probation with Medical Board of California, alleged that coronavirus is caused by 5G, based on the claims that African countries were not affected significantly by the pandemic and Africa was not a 5G region.[289][290] Cowan also falsely alleged that the viruses were wastes from cells that are poisoned by electromagnetic fields and historical viral pandemics coincided with the major developments in radio technology.[290] The video of his claims went viral and was recirculated by celebrities including Woody Harrelson, John Cusack, and singer Keri Hilson.[291] The claims may also have been recirculated by an alleged "coordinated disinformation campaign", similar to campaigns used by the Internet Research Agency in Saint Petersburg, Russia.[292] The claims were criticized on social media and debunked by Reuters,[293] USA Today,[294] Full Fact[295] and American Public Health Association executive director Georges C. Benjamin.[289][296]

 

Professor Steve Powis, national medical director of NHS England, described theories linking 5G mobile phone networks to COVID-19 as the "worst kind of fake news".[297] Viruses cannot be transmitted by radio waves. COVID-19 has spread and continues to spread in many countries that do not have 5G networks.[279]

 

After telecommunications masts in several parts of the United Kingdom were the subject of arson attacks, British Cabinet Office Minister Michael Gove said the theory that COVID-19 virus may be spread by 5G wireless communication is "just nonsense, dangerous nonsense as well".[298] Vodafone announced that two Vodafone masts and two it shares with O2 had been targeted.[299][300]

 

By Monday April 6, 2020 at least 20 mobile phone masts in the UK had been vandalised since the previous Thursday.[301] Because of slow rollout of 5G in the UK, many of the damaged masts had only 3G and 4G equipment.[301] Mobile phone and home broadband operators estimated there were at least 30 incidents of confronting engineers maintaining equipment in the week up to April 6.[301] There have been eleven incidents of attempted arson at mobile phone masts in the Netherlands, including one case where "Fuck 5G" was written, as well as in Ireland and Cyprus.[302][303] Facebook has deleted multiple messages encouraging attacks on 5G equipment.[301]

 

Engineers working for Openreach posted pleas on anti-5G Facebook groups asking to be spared abuse as they are not involved with maintaining mobile networks.[304] Mobile UK said the incidents were affecting attempts to maintain networks that support home working and provide critical connections to vulnerable customers, emergency services and hospitals.[304] A widely circulated video shows people working for broadband company Community Fibre being abused by a woman who accuses them of installing 5G as part of a plan to kill the population.[304]

 

YouTube announced that it would reduce the amount of content claiming links between 5G and coronavirus.[299] Videos that are conspiratorial about 5G that do not mention coronavirus would not be removed, though they might be considered "borderline content", removed from search recommendations and losing advertising revenue.[299] The discredited claims had been circulated by British conspiracy theorist David Icke in videos (subsequently removed) on YouTube and Vimeo, and an interview by London Live TV network, prompting calls for action by Ofcom.[305][306]

 

On April 13, 2020, Gardaí were investigating fires at 5G masts in County Donegal, Ireland.[307] Gardaí and fire services had attended the fires the previous night in an attempt to put them out.[307] Although Gardaí were awaiting results of tests they were treating the fires as deliberate.[307]

 

There were 20 suspected arson attacks on phone masts in the UK over the Easter 2020 weekend.[297] These included an incident in Dagenham where three men were arrested on suspicion of arson, a fire in Huddersfield that affected a mast used by emergency services and a fire in a mast that provides mobile connectivity to the NHS Nightingale Hospital Birmingham.[297]

 

Ofcom issued guidance to ITV following comments by Eamonn Holmes after comments made by Holmes about 5G and coronavirus on This Morning.[308] Ofcom said the comments were "ambiguous" and "ill-judged" and they "risked undermining viewers' trust in advice from public authorities and scientific evidence".[308] Ofcom also local channel London Live in breach of standards for an interview it had with David Icke who it said had " expressed views which had the potential to cause significant harm to viewers in London during the pandemic".[308]

 

Some telecoms engineers have reported threats of violence, including threats to stab and murder them, by individuals who believe them to be working on 5G networks.[309] West Midlands Police said the crimes in question are being taken very seriously.[309]

 

On April 24, 2020 The Guardian revealed that an evangelical pastor from Luton had provided the male voice on a recording blaming 5G for deaths caused by coronavirus.[310] Jonathon James claimed to have formerly headed the largest business-unit at Vodafone, but insiders at the company said that he was hired for a sales position in 2014 when 5G was not a priority for the company and that 5G would not have been part of his job.[310] He left the company after less than a year.[310]

 

Mosquitoes

It has been claimed that mosquitoes transmit coronavirus. There is no evidence that this is true; coronavirus spreads through small droplets of saliva and mucus.[279]

 

Petrol pumps

A warning claiming to be from the Australia Department of Health said coronavirus spreads through petrol pumps and that everyone should wear gloves when filling up petrol in their cars.[311]

 

Shoe-wearing

There were claims that wearing shoes at one's home was the reason behind the spread of the coronavirus in Italy.[312]

 

Resistance/susceptibility based on ethnicity

There have been claims that specific ethnicities are more or less vulnerable to COVID-19. COVID-19 is a new zoonotic disease, so no population has yet had the time to develop population immunity.[medical citation needed]

 

Beginning on February 11, reports, quickly spread via Facebook, implied that a Cameroonian student in China had been completely cured of the virus due to his African genetics. While a student was successfully treated, other media sources have noted that no evidence implies Africans are more resistant to the virus and labeled such claims as false information.[313] Kenyan Secretary of Health Mutahi Kagwe explicitly refuted rumors that "those with black skin cannot get coronavirus", while announcing Kenya's first case on March 13.[314] This myth was cited as a contributing factor in the disproportionately high rates of infection and death observed among African Americans.[315][316]

 

There have been claims of "Indian immunity": that the people of India have more immunity to the COVID-19 virus due to living conditions in India. This idea was deemed "absolute drivel" by Anand Krishnan, professor at the Centre for Community Medicine of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS). He said there was no population immunity to the COVID-19 virus yet, as it is new, and it is not even clear whether people who have recovered from COVID-19 will have lasting immunity, as this happens with some viruses but not with others.[317]

 

Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei claimed the virus was genetically targeted at Iranians by the U.S., and this is why it is seriously affecting Iran. He did not offer any evidence.[318][22]

 

Religious protection

A number of religious groups have claimed protection due to their faith, some refusing to stop large religious gatherings. In Israel, some Ultra-Orthodox Jews initially refused to close synagogues and religious seminaries and disregarded government restrictions because "The Torah protects and saves",[319] which resulted in an 8 times faster rate of infection among some groups.[320] The Tablighi Jamaat movement organised mass gatherings in Malaysia, India, and Pakistan whose participants believed that God will protect them resulted the biggest rise in COVID-19 cases in a number of countries.[321][29][322] In Iran, the head of Fatima Masumeh Shrine encouraged pilgrims to visit the shrine despite calls to close the shrine, saying that they "consider this holy shrine to be a place of healing."[323] In South Korea the River of Grace Community Church in Gyeonggi Province spread the virus after spraying salt water into their members' mouths in the belief that it would kill the virus,[324] while the Shincheonji Church of Jesus in Daegu where a church leader claimed that no Shincheonji worshipers had caught the virus in February while hundreds died in Wuhan later caused in the biggest spread of the virus in the country.[325][326]

 

In Somalia, myths have spread claiming Muslims are immune to the virus.[327]

 

Unproven protective and aggravating factors

Vegetarian immunity

[icon]

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2020)

Claims that vegetarians are immune to coronavirus spread online in India, causing "#NoMeat_NoCoronaVirus" to trend on Twitter.[328][better source needed] Eating meat does not have an effect on COVID-19 spread, except for people near where animals are slaughtered, said Anand Krishnan.[329] Fisheries, Dairying and Animal Husbandry Minister Giriraj Singh said the rumour had significantly affected industry, with the price of a chicken falling to a third of pre-pandemic levels. He also described efforts to improve the hygiene of the meat supply chain.[330]

 

Efficacy of hand sanitiser, "antibacterial" soaps

 

Washing in soap and water for at least 20 seconds is the best way to clean hands. Second-best is a hand sanitizer that is at least 60% alcohol.[331]

Claims that hand sanitiser is merely "antibacterial not antiviral", and therefore ineffective against COVID-19, have spread widely on Twitter and other social networks. While the effectiveness of sanitiser depends on the specific ingredients, most hand sanitiser sold commercially inactivates SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19.[332][333] Hand sanitizer is recommended against COVID-19,[279] though unlike soap, it is not effective against all types of germs.[334] Washing in soap and water for at least 20 seconds is recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) as the best way to clean hands in most situations. However, if soap and water are not available, a hand sanitizer that is at least 60% alcohol can be used instead, unless hands are visibly dirty or greasy.[331][335] The CDC and the Food and Drug Administration both recommend plain soap; there is no evidence that "antibacterial soaps" are any better, and limited evidence that they might be worse long-term.[336][337]

 

Alcohol (ethanol and poisonous methanol)

Contrary to some reports, drinking alcohol does not protect against COVID-19, and can increase health risks[279] (short term and long term). Drinking alcohol is ethanol; other alcohols, such as methanol, which causes methanol poisoning, are acutely poisonous, and may be present in badly-prepared alcoholic beverages.[338]

 

Iran has reported incidents of methanol poisoning, caused by the false belief that drinking alcohol would cure or protect against coronavirus;[339] alcohol is banned in Iran, and bootleg alcohol may contain methanol.[340] According to Iranian media in March 2020, nearly 300 people have died and more than a thousand have become ill due to methanol poisoning, while Associated Press gave figures of around 480 deaths with 2,850 others affected.[341] The number of deaths due to methanol poisoning in Iran reached over 700 by April.[342] Iranian social media had circulated a story from British tabloids that a British man and others had been cured of coronavirus with whiskey and honey,[339][343] which combined with the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers as disinfectants, led to the false belief that drinking high-proof alcohol can kill the virus.[339][340][341]

 

Similar incidents have occurred in Turkey, with 30 Turkmenistan citizens dying from methanol poisoning related to coronavirus cure claims.[344][345]

 

In Kenya, the Governor of Nairobi Mike Sonko has come under scrutiny for including small bottles of the cognac Hennessy in care packages, falsely claiming that alcohol serves as "throat sanitizer" and that, from research, it is believed that "alcohol plays a major role in killing the coronavirus."[346][347]

 

Cocaine

Cocaine does not protect against COVID-19. Several viral tweets purporting that snorting cocaine would sterilize one's nostrils of the coronavirus spread around Europe and Africa. In response, the French Ministry of Health released a public service announcement debunking this claim, saying "No, cocaine does NOT protect against COVID-19. It is an addictive drug that causes serious side effects and is harmful to people's health." The World Health Organisation also debunked the claim.[348]

 

Ibuprofen

A tweet from French health minister Olivier Véran, a bulletin from the French health ministry, and a small speculative study in The Lancet Respiratory Medicine raised concerns about ibuprofen worsening COVID-19, which spread extensively on social media. The European Medicines Agency[349] and the World Health Organization recommended COVID-19 patients keep taking ibuprofen as directed, citing lack of convincing evidence of any danger.[350]

 

Helicopter spraying

In some Asian countries, it has been claimed that one should stay at home on particular days when helicopters spray disinfectant over homes for killing off COVID-19; no such spraying is taking place.[351][352]

 

Cruise ships safety from infection

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ships

 

Claims by cruise-ship operators notwithstanding, there are many cases of coronaviruses in hot climates; some countries in the Caribbean, the Mediterranean, and the Persian Gulf are severely affected.

In March 2020, the Miami New Times reported that managers at Norwegian Cruise Line had prepared a set of responses intended to convince wary customers to book cruises, including "blatantly false" claims that the coronavirus "can only survive in cold temperatures, so the Caribbean is a fantastic choice for your next cruise", that "[s]cientists and medical professionals have confirmed that the warm weather of the spring will be the end of the [c]oronavirus", and that the virus "cannot live in the amazingly warm and tropical temperatures that your cruise will be sailing to".[353]

 

Flu is seasonal (becoming less frequent in the summer) in some countries, but not in others. While it is possible that the COVID-19 coronavirus will also show some seasonality, it is not yet known.[354][355][356][medical citation needed] The COVID-19 coronavirus spread along international air travel routes, including to tropical locations.[357] Outbreaks on cruise ships, where an older population lives in close quarters, frequently touching surfaces which others have touched, were common.[358][359]

 

It seems that COVID-19 can be transmitted in all climates.[279] It has seriously affected many warm-climate countries. For instance, Dubai, with an year-round average daily high of 28.0 Celsius (82.3°F) and the airport said to have the world's most international traffic, has had thousands of cases.

 

Vaccine pre-existence

It was reported that multiple social media posts have promoted a conspiracy theory claiming the virus was known and that a vaccine was already available. PolitiFact and FactCheck.org noted that no vaccine currently exists for COVID-19. The patents cited by various social media posts reference existing patents for genetic sequences and vaccines for other strains of coronavirus such as the SARS coronavirus.[360][4] The WHO reported as of February 5, 2020, that amid news reports of "breakthrough" drugs being discovered to treat people infected with the virus, there were no known effective treatments;[361] this included antibiotics and herbal remedies not being useful.[362] Scientists are working to develop a vaccine, but as of March 18, 2020, no vaccine candidates have completed Phase II clinical trials.[citation needed]

 

Miscellaneous

Name of the disease

Social media posts and internet memes claimed that COVID-19 means "Chinese Originated Viral Infectious Disease 19", or similar, as supposedly the "19th virus to come out of China".[477] In fact, the WHO named the disease as follows: CO stands for corona, VI for virus, D for disease and 19 for when the outbreak was first identified (31 December 2019).[478]

 

Bat soup

Some media outlets, including Daily Mail and RT, as well as individuals, disseminated a video showing a Chinese woman eating a bat, falsely suggesting it was filmed in Wuhan and connecting it to the outbreak.[479][480] However, the widely circulated video contains unrelated footage of a Chinese travel vlogger, Wang Mengyun, eating bat soup in the island country of Palau in 2016.[479][480][481][482] Wang posted an apology on Weibo,[481][482] in which she said she had been abused and threatened,[481] and that she had only wanted to showcase Palauan cuisine.[481][482] The spread of misinformation about bat consumption has been characterized by xenophobic and racist sentiment toward Asians.[90][483][484] In contrast, scientists suggest the virus originated in bats and migrated into an intermediary host animal before infecting people.[90][485]

 

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID...

All images available for licensing via me. I offer commercial and editorial pet photography on a commissioned basis. And with a pet picture database with thousands of hand-picked images of dogs, cats, as well as horses, I might already have what you are looking for. All pictures here can be licensed.

For licensing and commission requests: info{at}elkevogelsang.com -

FACEBOOK | INSTAGRAM | WEBSITE

© Elke Vogelsang

 

20241025_Bjarki_BjarkiFluff5

 

licensing dog images

licensing dog photos

licensing dog photo

licensing pet photos

licensing pet photos

stock images of pets

stock images of dogs

commercial dog photographer

commercial pet photographer

commercial dog photography

commercial pet photography

commercial dog photograph

commercial pet photograph

commercial dog photographs

commercial pet photographs

studio dog photograph

studio dog photography

studio dog photographs

studio pet photograph

studio pet photography

studio pet photographs

license images of dogs

license images of pets

commercial license

commercial licenses

commercial licenses for dog photos

commercial licenses for dog photos

buy commercial license for dog photos

buy commercial license for dog photo

buy commercial license for pet photos

buy commercial license for pet photo

commercial licenses for pet photos

commercial licenses for pet photo

pet image archive

dog image archive

stock photos of dogs

stock photos of pets

buy dog photos

buy pet photos

buy cat photos

buy dog images

buy pet images

buy cat images

Fujifilm X camera

Hundefotos

Hundefotos kaufen

kommerzielle Hundefotografie

kommerzieller Hundefotograf

Haustierfotos

Haustierfotos kaufen

Lizenzen für Fotos kaufen

Bildagentur

Haustierbildagentur

Bilderagentur für Haustierfotos

Bildagentur für Hundefotos

Katzenbilder

Katzenfotos

Bildagentur für Katzenfotos

Lizenzierung von Katzenfotos

 

French postcard by Imp. Georges Lang, Paris, offered by Chocolats Tobler. Image: Walt Disney.

 

Gus and Jaq are the two mice in Disney's Cinderella (Clyde Geronimi, Wilfred Jackson, Hamilton Luske, 1950). They are close companions of Cinderella. Jaq is the fearless and quick-witted brains of the outfit, acting as the leader of the household mischief. Gus, meanwhile, is a slow-witted bruiser with an excessive appetite (hence his plump physique). Both Jaq and Gus have the ability to speak using 'Mouse Latin' - they commonly distort words, most notably Cinderella's own name which they mispronounce as "Cinderelly".

 

Cinderella rescues the mice from traps and Lucifer the cat, dresses them, and feeds them. They perform many small favors in return. Jaq seems to be one of the leaders of the mice, planning strategies to avoid the cat, sneak food, and help Cinderella with her ball gown. The other mice gladly follow his lead. Jaq is thin, with scruffy hair, and speaks a fast kind of pidgin English. Gus appears in the first scene of the film, trapped in a cage where Jaq finds him and brings Cinderella to rescue him. Cinderella names him "Octavius", "Gus" as a shortened form. Jaq explains the situation to Gus, and Gus catches on and joins the mouse troop. Gus seems to be a bit slow on the uptake, but brave in a pinch, and speaks even more fractured English than Jaq, who calls him "Gus-Gus." Jaq leads Gus to help Cinderella, resulting in them accidentally playing a prank on Anastasia, leading to Cinderella getting more chores, then hearing of the invitation to the ball. After Perla tells them and the other mice to make Cinderella's ball gown, they are sent off to get the trimming, since Perla has sewing experience. They get into a fight with Lucifer in the dressing room while stealing a ribbon from Anastasia, along with Drizella's jade beads, which the stepsisters discarded in disgust while preparing for the ball. Despite Perla telling them to "leave the sewing to the women", Gus has fun with the scissors. After Cinderella's gown is ripped by her stepsisters and transformed by the Fairy Godmother, Jaq and Gus, along with two other mice, are transformed into beautiful white horses by the fairy, with Gus getting some payback for nearly being eaten by Lucifer when he scares the cat off by neighing at him like a horse. They pull the Coach carrying Cinderella to the castle so that she can attend the ball. When the spell breaks at midnight, the horses turn back into mice.

 

Later, Gus and Jaq are responsible for stealing the key to Cinderella's room from the wicked stepmother, Lady Tremaine, who has locked Cinderella away. There is a scary moment when Jaq gets trapped in Lady Tremaine's pocket as she decides to check the key, and Jaq receives a painful spanking. The cruel stepmother then nearly douses poor Gus with scalding hot tea before the Grand Duke stops her. The two eventually manage to escape Tremaine with the key and make it to Cinderella's doorway, only to be foiled by Lucifer, who imprisons Gus in a bowl-like he had tried earlier, and defiantly refuses to let Gus go, knowing full well he is preventing Cinderella from making it downstairs to try on the Glass Slipper she left at the castle. Jaq immediately attacks, and the other mice and birds jump into battle, as well, though Lucifer manages to defeat them. Cinderella then commands the birds to retrieve Bruno, who rushes inside the château and scares Lucifer away by causing Lucifer to leap onto the windowsill and fall out of the tower to avoid being attacked by Bruno. After Jaq and the other mice free Gus, who is clutching the key for dear life, refusing to let go after he realizes Lucifer caught him, and Jaq snaps him out of it by showing he's safe now, Jaq and Gus then hand the key over to Cinderella, who frees herself and successfully fits on the slipper. Afterward, she is taken to the castle and marries the Prince. Jaq and Gus are last seen bidding the newlywed couple farewell, throwing flower petals while dressed in miniature, imperial outfits; symbolizing their newfound status as residents of the king's castle.

 

Source: Disney Wiki and IMDb.

 

And, please check out our blog European Film Star Postcards.

Sorry this is all I have to offer, I've been reworking my decade old LAAT set for about six months now to revive some creative juices.

 

Good to see what's left of you guys again, I hope you're all doing well. I reset my account to public, realizing that part of being an adult is not giving a damn what people think about what you do in your free time or what you did in the past. The idea of some kid out there seeing my work and finding inspiration is a lot cooler than any apprehension of my friends or family finding this page. If they think its lame, they won't stay my friends long anyway.

 

I can't say I'll stick around long or make an effort to stay, though I wouldn't mind getting back in touch with a lot of you guys. Feel free to shoot me a DM on Instagram, my handle is that same as this new one.

 

What I will say is that I always really enjoy coming back and taking a nostalgia trip. It's great to look back at a community I was once such a big part of (at least in my own head). It taught me so much about creativity, business and how to communicate. For every cringeworthy comment there is a moment where I realized those I looked up to could also be my peers, or an untapped market that I could jump on.

 

It's been over a decade since I got started on here. Still feels like yesterday. I'll see you again sometime.

 

-Yap

All images available for licensing via me. I offer commercial and editorial pet photography on a commissioned basis. And with a pet picture database with thousands of hand-picked images of dogs, cats, as well as horses, I might already have what you are looking for. All pictures here can be licensed.

For licensing and commission requests: info{at}elkevogelsang.com -

FACEBOOK | INSTAGRAM | WEBSITE

© Elke Vogelsang

 

20250312_Peaches_ThePeachesHeadTilt

 

licensing dog images

licensing dog photos

licensing dog photo

licensing pet photos

licensing pet photos

stock images of pets

stock images of dogs

commercial dog photographer

commercial pet photographer

commercial dog photography

commercial pet photography

commercial dog photograph

commercial pet photograph

commercial dog photographs

commercial pet photographs

studio dog photograph

studio dog photography

studio dog photographs

studio pet photograph

studio pet photography

studio pet photographs

license images of dogs

license images of pets

commercial license

commercial licenses

commercial licenses for dog photos

commercial licenses for dog photos

buy commercial license for dog photos

buy commercial license for dog photo

buy commercial license for pet photos

buy commercial license for pet photo

commercial licenses for pet photos

commercial licenses for pet photo

pet image archive

dog image archive

stock photos of dogs

stock photos of pets

buy dog photos

buy pet photos

buy cat photos

buy dog images

buy pet images

buy cat images

Fujifilm X camera

Hundefotos

Hundefotos kaufen

kommerzielle Hundefotografie

kommerzieller Hundefotograf

Haustierfotos

Haustierfotos kaufen

Lizenzen für Fotos kaufen

Bildagentur

Haustierbildagentur

Bilderagentur für Haustierfotos

Bildagentur für Hundefotos

Katzenbilder

Katzenfotos

Bildagentur für Katzenfotos

Lizenzierung von Katzenfotos

 

White Rock, BC Canada

 

The White Rock Promenade and Pier offers over two and a half kilometres of trial along the shoreline of this beautiful small town stretching from end to end. Here, visitors can walk alongside historic buildings, train tracks, inviting beaches and shallow ocean waters or grab a drink or snack from the nearby shops and restaurants.

 

Popular throughout the year and especially in the summer months with the regions booming tourism industry, White Rock's Promenade and Pier are the perfect destination for a day of fun in the sun.

 

Stretching two and a half kilometres across the waterfront of this small town, the White Rock Promenade and its adjoining 1,500 foot pier which is built into Semiahmoo Bay are the areas most popular attractions. Starting from the east near the crossroads of Finlay Street and Marine Drive the Promenade moves westwards alongside notable landmarks and locales such as the White Rock (for which the town is named for) and the Museum and Archives in the old train station and culminates at Bay Street and Marine Drive.

 

A year round destination, the Promenade and Pier allow visitors and locals to experience White Rock and its surroundings. In the summer months visitors to the area can enjoy beautiful views, balmy weather, swimming and playing on the beaches below the promenade and fishing off the pier. Summer also brings the White Rock Sandcastle Competition where amazing sculptures are built along the shores which visitors can enjoy and walk through with a self-guided tour.

 

Above the promenade and pier, along Marine Drive, dozens of restaurants and shops are open for exploration offering a wide range of goods and services - here, visitors can grab an ice cream cone or fish and chips and eat them on the nearby beach or continue their leisurely stroll along the trail. The train tracks are still operational and every so often trains come through this seaside town - be sure to look both ways before crossing the tracks when walking to the promenade.

 

The White Rock Pier and Promenade offer many activities, attractions and historic buildings and areas to enjoy. It is well worth the trip to enjoy a day or a few hours on the shores of this beautiful town on the edge of British Columbia

 

This image is best viewed in Large screen.

 

Thank-you for your visit, and any faves or comments are always sincerely appreciated.

Sonja

French postcard by Imp. Georges Lang, Paris, offered by Chocolats Tobler. Image: Walt Disney.

 

Mr. Toad is one of the lead characters in Disney's animated feature The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (James Algar, Clyde Geronimi, Jack Kinney, 1949). The film is composed of two segments based on the stories of 'The Wind in the Willows' and 'The Legend of Sleepy Hollow', respectively. It is the eleventh animated feature in the Disney Animated Canon as well as the last of the 'package films' produced by Disney until The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh in 1977. The film won a Golden Globe Award for the Best Color Cinematography in 1950.

 

The adventures of Mr. Toad is based on Kenneth Grahame's 'The Wind in the Willows'. In this story, the charismatic J. Thaddeus Toad, Esq., the happy-go-lucky upper-class proprietor of Toad Hall who believes in fun and adventure, has built a great deal of debt from disregarding the financial responsibilities of his insatiable love for transportation vehicles, such as the newfangled motor car. His friends, Mole, Water Rat, and Angus MacBadger try to help him when his mania leads to the loss of the deed to Toad Hall and a charge of car theft. Toad is thrown in jail but Toad's loyal horse Cyril Proudbottom pays a visit and inspires him to escape, which he does, only to learn that Winkie, the tavernkeeper and the weasels have taken over Toad Hall. With his friends, Toad redeems his good name by recovering the deed to the estate. Toad promises to reform until he eyes a 1908 biplane.

 

During the 1940s, much of Disney's feature output was made up of so-called "package films". Beginning with Saludos Amigos in 1943, Disney ceased making feature films with a single narrative, due to the higher costs for such films, as well as the drain on the studio's resources caused by World War II, even though almost all of these package films were fairly successful. Instead, Disney features would have two or more stories linked together through a variety of means. The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad was the last of these "package" films, and Disney returned to single narrative features with 1950's Cinderella. For many years following its original release, The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad was not available for viewing in its original form. The two segments had been split up by Disney in the 1950s and were usually seen as individual items. When first released on home video, the Ichabod segment was released as The Legend of Sleepy Hollow and the Toad segment as The Wind in the Willows, taking their names from the original stories.

 

Source: Disney Wiki and IMDb.

 

And, please check out our blog European Film Star Postcards.

Ronan: I have a counter-offer. Why not spend some time here? Observe me?

I mean, you're a tenet, you must be hunting razers, right? (gives a

small flourish of one hand) I happen to be in-the-know about local

nefarious types.

 

Caly: You associate with razers?

 

Ronan: If I say yes, will you kill me?

 

Caly: (shrugs) It's not specifically against our code of ethics.

 

Ronan: Be an absolute dear and get me a copy of those, would you? (holds

up a hand when she looks annoyed) All I'm saying is, I can be an asset

to you. I don't like razers, and I don't mind pointing them out.

 

Caly: I'm a tenet.

 

Ronan: Oh, that solitary crusader schtick is certainly titillating, but

even knights on a quest were known to bring along bards to amuse them.

 

Caly: (skeptical) Did they?

 

Ronan: According to the historian, Monty Python.

 

Caly: Hm.

 

(At that moment, Dir. Wilson bursts through the front doors, spotting

them through the pass through.)

 

Dir. Wilson: You! Both of you! Come outside and help!

 

Ronan: Director Wilson! You look positively frantic!

 

(Cut to main eating area, Ronan and Caly go out to meet Dir. Wilson.)

 

Dir. Wilson: It's the girl they found, it's terrible! She used to be a

camp employee! Guests are making assumptions, it's just chaos out there.

All hands on deck, people! We need cool heads out there! (motions

vigorously at them and they leave the lodge.)

 

(Cut to the dark hallway leading from the rear offices to the kitchen.

Mateo steps into the kitchen with a dismayed expression. He looks from

the stove, to the lodge doors, to the stunner in his hand.)

 

(Cut to the RV park. Dir. Wilson is jogging toward the lake which is a

hive of activity with police, aid units, and a throng of onlookers.

Ronan and Caly are lagging a little behind him.)

 

Ronan: I need to talk to you.

 

Caly: I thought we did.

 

Ronan: Just need to spill a little tea.

 

(He abruptly draws her behind an RV, speaking low and earnestly.)

 

Ronan: There's a lot of them, here. Razers, I mean.

 

Caly: Here? (she looks toward the lake)

 

Ronan: No, Mother Energy, not here, this area. And it's been building. I

get the feeling that they're planning something.

 

Caly: I'm going to blame your odd melding with a human for your lack of

concise reporting.

 

Ronan: (sighs) I'm not a detective, and I'm not exactly "on the inside"

of things, but more and more razers have been settling in the area.

Medina and Hunts Point is almost exclusively razers, now.

 

Caly: Hunts Point was why I came here.

 

Ronan: I'm not arguing the intimidating vibes you project, but I don't

suppose you have a small army of tenets on standby?

 

Caly: Tenets are solitary because we don't require armies.

 

Ronan: Fan me before I faint, but I am being serious. We're talking

about hundreds of razers, and you might not need an army, but I think

they're creating one.

 

Caly: So, it will be as it was when we arrived on this planet.

Conquerors against colonists.

 

Ronan: Oh, no. We need a new tagline, Kubla Calm. Colonialism is frowned

upon.

 

Caly: But our people were colonists seeking new, unpopulated worlds on

which to live.

 

Ronan: So was everyone else.

 

Caly: We were stranded. Conquest was not our mission.

 

Ronan: That table was flipped over 5,000 years ago. Baddies decided to

rule, goodies decided to protect the dominant lifeform that evolved

here, and I'll work on a tagline that's less problematic.

 

Caly: I will defeat the razers.

 

(Cut to view above the RV park, showing Ronan and Caly joining the mass

of activity from one direction while Mateo joins from another direction.

Camera soars higher, focusing on a point of land jutting into the Sound,

moving toward it. Cut to above golf course. Cut to ornate entrance sign,

"Golden Lake Country Club." Cut to interior, ballroom filled with

attractive people of varying ages, all dressed casually (for wealthy

folk), their attention focused on the dais where a handsome 30-something

man, Trajan August, is speaking.)

 

Trajan: Our time has truly come! We will tear this world asunder, and

take our rightful place as rulers! She has risen again! And tonight, she

is with us, here! Lilitus!

 

(Lights flash around the dais and the crowd rises to their feet,

chanting the name, "Lilitus.")

 

(To be continued in Part 3!)

Special thanks to cast!

Ronan: Seth

Mateo: BSM

Caly: TB

stories reaching into space.

concrete, wire, book pages

  

Offerte.

Geschichten ragen in den Raum.

Beton, Draht, Buchseiten.

Modern cars can do over 100,000 miles without pausing for breath. If you really pile on the miles, you might have 200,000 or even 300,000 miles on the clock. If the car Gods are really shining on you, you might have managed more than half a million.

 

Prepare to feel insignificant. Irv Gordon from East Patchogue, New York, together with his Volvo P1800, a 1966 1800S, has completed over three million miles--a new world record for the highest number of miles driven by a single person in the same car. If you're after an arbitrary comparison to offer some perspective, that's around six round-trips to the moon, or 120 circumnavigations of Earth.

 

Gordon hit the three million miles mark on September 18 while driving near the village of Girdwood, on the Seward Highway, south of Anchorage, Alaska; one of the two remaining states where Irv and his famous car had not been together until now.

 

”It was all rather undramatic,” said Irv. ”We just cruised along and I kept an eye on the odometer in order not to miss the great moment”.

 

Gordon first bought his 1800S on a Friday back in 1966 and immediately fell in love. He simply couldn't stop driving the car and over the course of the weekend he had already covered 1,500 miles, causing him to return to the dealership he bought it the following Monday in order for its first service.

 

With a 125-mile round-trip daily commute, a fanatical dedication to vehicle maintenance and a passion for driving, Gordon logged 500,000 miles in 10 years. In 1987, he celebrated his one-millionth mile by driving a loop around the Tavern on the Green in Central Park, and in 2002 he drove the car's two-millionth mile down Times Square. Since then, Gordon has broken his record every time he gets behind the wheel of his beloved Volvo.

 

[Text from MotorAuthority]

 

www.motorauthority.com/news/1087353_irv-gordon-reaches-3-...

 

History

 

The project was started in 1957 because Volvo wanted a sports car, despite the fact that their previous attempt, the P1900, had been a disaster, with only 68 cars sold. The man behind the project was an engineering consultant to Volvo, Helmer Petterson, who in the 1940s was responsible for the Volvo PV444. The design work was done by Helmer's son Pelle Petterson, who worked at Pietro Frua at that time. Volvo insisted it was an Italian design by Frua and only officially recognized that Pelle Petterson designed it in 2009. The Italian Carrozzeria Pietro Frua design firm (then a recently acquired subsidiary of Ghia) built the first three prototypes between September 1957 and early 1958, later designated by Volvo in September 1958: P958-X1, P958-X2 and P958-X3 (P:Project 9:September 58:Year 1958 = P958).

 

In December 1957 Helmer Petterson drove X1, (the first hand-built P1800 prototype) to Osnabrück, West Germany, headquarters of Karmann. Petterson hoped that Karmann would be able to take on the tooling and building of the P1800. Karmann's engineers had already been preparing working drawings from the wooden styling buck at Frua. Petterson and Volvo chief engineer Thor Berthelius met there, tested the car and discussed the construction with Karmann. They were ready to build it and this meant that the first cars could hit the market as early as December 1958. But in February, Karmann's most important customer, Volkswagen VAG, forbade Karmann to take on the job.[citation needed] They feared that the P1800 would compete with the sales of their own cars, and threatened to cancel all their contracts with Karmann if they took on this car. This setback almost caused the project to be abandoned.

 

Other German firms, NSU, Drautz and Hanomag, were contacted but none was chosen because Volvo did not believe they met Volvo's manufacturing quality-control standards.

 

It began to appear that Volvo might never produce the P1800. This motivated Helmer Petterson to obtain financial backing from two financial firms with the intention of buying the components directly from Volvo and marketing the car himself. At this point Volvo had made no mention of the P1800 and the factory would not comment. Then a press release surfaced with a photo of the car, putting Volvo in a position where they had to acknowledge its existence. These events influenced the company to renew its efforts: the car was presented to the public for the first time at the Brussels Motor Show in January 1960 and Volvo turned to Jensen Motors, whose production lines were under-utilised, and they agreed a contract for 10,000 cars. The Linwood, Scotland, body plant of manufacturer Pressed Steel was in turn sub-contracted by Jensen to create the unibody shells, which were then taken by rail to be assembled at Jensen in West Bromwich, England. In September 1960, the first production P1800 (for the 1961 model year) left Jensen for an eager public.

 

P1800

 

The engine was the B18 (B for the Swedish word for gasoline: Bensin; 18 for 1800 cc displacement) with dual SU carburettors, producing 100 hp (75 kW). This variant (named B18B) had a higher compression ratio than the slightly less powerful twin-carb B18D used in the contemporary Amazon 122S, as well as a different camshaft. The 'new' B18 was actually developed from the existing B36 V8 engine used in Volvo trucks at the time. This cut production costs, as well as furnishing the P1800 with a strong engine boasting five main crankshaft bearings. The B18 was matched with the new and more robust M40 manual gearbox through 1963. From 1963 to 1972 the M41 gearbox with electrically actuated overdrive was a popular option. Two overdrive types were used, the D-Type through 1969, and the J-type through 1973. The J-type had a slightly shorter ratio of 0.797:1 as opposed to 0.756:1 for the D-type. The overdrive effectively gave the 1800 series a fifth gear, for improved fuel efficiency and decreased drivetrain wear. Cars without overdrive had a numerically lower-ratio differential, which had the interesting effect of giving them a somewhat higher top speed (just under 120 mph (193 km/h)) than the more popular overdrive models. This was because the non-overdrive cars could reach the engine's redline in top gear, while the overdrive-equipped cars could not, giving them a top speed of roughly 110 mph (177 km/h).

 

1800S

 

As time progressed, Jensen had problems with quality control, so the contract was ended early at 6,000 cars. In 1963 production was moved to Volvo's Lundby Plant in Gothenburg and the car's name was changed to 1800S (S standing for Sverige, or in English : Sweden). The engine was improved with an additional 8 hp (6 kW). In 1966 the four-cylinder engine was updated to 115 hp (86 kW). Top speed was 175 km/h (109 mph).[3] In 1969 the B18 engine was replaced with the 2-litre B20B variant of the B20 giving 118 bhp (89 kW), though it kept the designation 1800S.

 

[Text from Wikipedia]

 

This Lego miniland-scale Volvo P1800 Coupe has been created for Flickr LUGNut's 88th Build Challenge, - "Let's Break Some Records", - a challenge focused on creating vehicles that set some benchmark for biggness, fastness or other extreme of some specification. The Volvo model shown here claim, by far, the farthermost distance ever traveled by an automobile, at over 3,000,000 miles (4,800,00 kilometres).

A dramatic series of silhouettes.

(Thank you to the models)

Seoul, Korea

June 2018

Pin-Up Pose + Sculpted Flute avaible only in the lucky chair located in Paris New York Sim

At Sugawara Shrine, Kayano, Ishikawa, Japan.

 

-Oilgraph on panel // 8"x8"-

All images available for licensing via me. I offer commercial and editorial pet photography on a commissioned basis. And with a pet picture database with thousands of hand-picked images of dogs, cats, as well as horses, I might already have what you are looking for. All pictures here can be licensed.

For licensing and commission requests: info{at}elkevogelsang.com -

FACEBOOK | INSTAGRAM | WEBSITE

© Elke Vogelsang

 

20241125_Anton_Cockapooch_2

 

licensing dog images

licensing dog photos

licensing dog photo

licensing pet photos

licensing pet photos

stock images of pets

stock images of dogs

commercial dog photographer

commercial pet photographer

commercial dog photography

commercial pet photography

commercial dog photograph

commercial pet photograph

commercial dog photographs

commercial pet photographs

studio dog photograph

studio dog photography

studio dog photographs

studio pet photograph

studio pet photography

studio pet photographs

license images of dogs

license images of pets

commercial license

commercial licenses

commercial licenses for dog photos

commercial licenses for dog photos

buy commercial license for dog photos

buy commercial license for dog photo

buy commercial license for pet photos

buy commercial license for pet photo

commercial licenses for pet photos

commercial licenses for pet photo

pet image archive

dog image archive

stock photos of dogs

stock photos of pets

buy dog photos

buy pet photos

buy cat photos

buy dog images

buy pet images

buy cat images

Fujifilm X camera

Hundefotos

Hundefotos kaufen

kommerzielle Hundefotografie

kommerzieller Hundefotograf

Haustierfotos

Haustierfotos kaufen

Lizenzen für Fotos kaufen

Bildagentur

Haustierbildagentur

Bilderagentur für Haustierfotos

Bildagentur für Hundefotos

Katzenbilder

Katzenfotos

Bildagentur für Katzenfotos

Lizenzierung von Katzenfotos

 

I offered to make this for a local Stella and Dot rep because I've always thought their logo and jewelry would be fun to replicate in sugar and other edible mediums. Had fun with this one! Handmade ring and bracelet. Cake was dark chocolate butter cake with a layer of candied ginger and white chocolate meringue buttercream.

All images available for licensing via me. I offer commercial and editorial pet photography on a commissioned basis. And with a pet picture database with thousands of hand-picked images of dogs, cats, as well as horses, I might already have what you are looking for. All pictures here can be licensed.

For licensing and commission requests: info{at}elkevogelsang.com -

FACEBOOK | INSTAGRAM | WEBSITE

© Elke Vogelsang

 

20240207_Fiete_StruwwelFieteatBathtime_3

 

licensing dog images

licensing dog photos

licensing dog photo

licensing pet photos

licensing pet photos

stock images of pets

stock images of dogs

commercial dog photographer

commercial pet photographer

commercial dog photography

commercial pet photography

commercial dog photograph

commercial pet photograph

commercial dog photographs

commercial pet photographs

studio dog photograph

studio dog photography

studio dog photographs

studio pet photograph

studio pet photography

studio pet photographs

license images of dogs

license images of pets

commercial license

commercial licenses

commercial licenses for dog photos

commercial licenses for dog photos

buy commercial license for dog photos

buy commercial license for dog photo

buy commercial license for pet photos

buy commercial license for pet photo

commercial licenses for pet photos

commercial licenses for pet photo

pet image archive

dog image archive

stock photos of dogs

stock photos of pets

buy dog photos

buy pet photos

buy cat photos

buy dog images

buy pet images

buy cat images

 

View on the edge of the Sky Road between the little town of Clifden and the hamlet of Kingstown, Connemara, County Galway, Ireland

 

Some background information:

 

The Sky Road is a 16-km-long circular route from the little town of Clifden in County Galway onto the Kingston peninsula where it offers stunning panoramic views over Clifden Bay and its offshore islands. It is part of the famous Wild Atlantic Way driving route and one of the most picturesque areas in the Connemara region. The route separates into a lower and upper road option. Both road options lead back to the national secondary road N59. However, the upper road is the more popular one as it gives people the most sweeping views over of the Connemara countryside, the Atlantic Ocean, the offshore islands, and the coastline of County Mayo to the North as well as County Clare to the south.

 

The Sky Road is very narrow and bendy and in many parts just a single-track road. Evasion manoeuvres are inevitable and can make the ride a torture, in particular in the summer months, when too many tourists crowd the lane. However the views are worth all the trouble. The Sky Road’s name derives on the one hand from the impressive views over the rocky and rugged coastline and on the other hand from its steep gradients, which sometimes make the driver think that she or he is directly driving to the skies.

 

The Wild Atlantic Way is a tourism trail on the west coast, and on parts of the north and south coasts, of Ireland. The 2,500 km (1,553 mile) driving route passes through nine counties and three provinces, stretching from County Donegal's Inishowen Peninsula in the very north of Ireland to Kinsale, County Cork, on the Celtic Sea coast in the very south. Along the route there are 157 discovery points, 1,000 attractions and more than 2,500 activities. In 2014, the route was officially launched by the Republic of Ireland’s Minister of State for Tourism and Sport, Michael Ring.

 

However, the roads forming the Wild Atlantic Way have always been favoured by locals and tourists alike for generations even before they became known collectively as the Wild Atlantic Way route. They offer truly spectacular Atlantic ocean vistas as well as many places to visit and sights by the roadside. More than 150 locations have been officially designated as Discovery Points. These have been marked locally with a special signpost.

 

A further 15 locations are highlighted as Signature Discovery Points of special importance. These are the 15 best stops along the Wild Atlantic Way. From north to south, these places are: Malin Head, County Donegal, Fanad Head, County Donegal, Slieve League, County Donegal, Mullaghmore Head, County Sligo, Downpatrick Head, County Mayo, Keem Strand, County Mayo, Killary Harbour, County Mayo, Derrigimlagh Bog, County Galway, Cliffs of Moher, County Clare, Loop Head, County Clare, Blasket’s View, County Kerry, Skellig’s View, Bray Head on Valentia Island, County Kerry, Dursey Island, County Cork, Mizen Head, County Cork, and Old Head of Kinsale, County Cork.

 

Nevertheless, I personally believe that it’s even better to make your own discoveries while travelling on the Wild Atlantic Way. The reason is that many of these Signatory Discovery Points of special importance are widely known and hence, often overrun with visitors, in particular during the high season. But other spots roadside are similarly beautiful while being less frequented. So my tip would be: Just travel unprejudicedly and stop wherever you feel like it and enjoy the view. If you act like this, you’ll hardly be able to drive more than 20 km without any stopover.

 

County Galway is a county in the west of Ireland, taking up the south of the province of Connacht. The traditional county includes the city of Galway, but the city and county are separate local government areas. Currently, the population of the county is more than 276,000. In the west of the county, there are several Irish-speaking areas.

 

The first inhabitants in the Galway area arrived over 7000 years ago. The county originally comprised several kingdoms and territories which predate the formation of the county. These kingdoms included Aidhne, Uí Maine, Maigh Seóla, Conmhaícne Mara, Soghain and Máenmaige. In 1569, County Galway became an official entity. The region known as Connemara retains a distinct identity within the county, though its boundaries are unclear. Hence, it may account for as much as one third or as little as 20% of the county. Places of interest in Galway are among others the Connemara National Park, Kylemore Abbey and Dunguaire Castle.

Available@ Mainstore here ONLY 50L UNTIL FRIDAY 13TH SEPTEMBER 2024-> maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/NESWNGI/149/107/25 💕

 

_____________________________

 

FOLLOW US:

 

FLICKR: www.flickr.com/photos/124618740@N07/

 

FLICKR GROUP POSTING www.flickr.com/groups/-love-/

 

FACEBOOK: www.facebook.com/LOVESuperstoreSL/

 

TWITTER: twitter.com/Krystalirabeni

 

INSTAGRAM: lovesuperstoresl

 

MARKETPLACE: marketplace.secondlife.com/stores/18133

 

DISCORD:

discord.gg/snJPvXHmmK

 

PRIMFEED

www.primfeed.com/krystalirabeni

All images available for licensing via me. I offer commercial and editorial pet photography on a commissioned basis. And with a pet picture database with thousands of hand-picked images of dogs, cats, as well as horses, I might already have what you are looking for. All pictures here can be licensed.

For licensing and commission requests: info{at}elkevogelsang.com -

FACEBOOK | INSTAGRAM | WEBSITE

© Elke Vogelsang

 

20200911_Luna_FacesOfLuna_4

 

licensing dog images

licensing dog photos

licensing dog photo

licensing pet photos

licensing pet photos

stock images of pets

stock images of dogs

commercial dog photographer

commercial pet photographer

commercial dog photography

commercial pet photography

commercial dog photograph

commercial pet photograph

commercial dog photographs

commercial pet photographs

studio dog photograph

studio dog photography

studio dog photographs

studio pet photograph

studio pet photography

studio pet photographs

license images of dogs

license images of pets

commercial license

commercial licenses

commercial licenses for dog photos

commercial licenses for dog photos

buy commercial license for dog photos

buy commercial license for dog photo

buy commercial license for pet photos

buy commercial license for pet photo

commercial licenses for pet photos

commercial licenses for pet photo

pet image archive

dog image archive

stock photos of dogs

stock photos of pets

buy dog photos

buy pet photos

buy cat photos

buy dog images

buy pet images

buy cat images

Fujifilm X camera

Hundefotos

Hundefotos kaufen

kommerzielle Hundefotografie

kommerzieller Hundefotograf

Haustierfotos

Haustierfotos kaufen

Lizenzen für Fotos kaufen

Bildagentur

Haustierbildagentur

Bilderagentur für Haustierfotos

Bildagentur für Hundefotos

Katzenbilder

Katzenfotos

Bildagentur für Katzenfotos

Lizenzierung von Katzenfotos

 

★MyLight Modeling Academy★ offers complete training in modeling. Classes are hold in italian, spanish and english.

From basic professional to advanced courses, our experience and knowledges are voted to help people interested in learning principle of stylings, in becoming professional models and also to the already ones, willing to enhance and improve their skills.

For further informations, just follow the LM

maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Coffee%20Elite/11/78/4043

click on the box and subscribe the free group.

 

Teachers Team:

 

LuceMia

Owner ★MyLight Fashion Agency★

MISS V♛ ITALY 2015 - 4th runner up

 

Caesar Langer

Co-Owner ★MLFA★

MR. VIRTUAL ♛ORLD 2015

 

Joys Cuttita

Co-Owner ★MLFA★

MISS V♛ FRANCE 2016

 

Euridice Qork

MISS SL ♛ MEXICO 2015 - 2nd Runner Up