Mistresses
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Polistes dominula és una espècie d'himenòpter apòcrit de la família dels vèspids (Vespidae), subfamília dels polistins (Polistinae), molt semblant a Polistes gallicus amb la què comparteix àrea de distribució a Europa.[1] És una vespa d'agressivitat mitjana o baixa, considerada com a plaga a diversos països, i amb impacte negatiu cap a les activitats agropecuàries, particularment la fruticultura. És nativa d'Europa i del nord d'Àfrica però ha estat introduïda accidentalment als Estats Units i a les serralades de l'Argentina i Xile, on està ben establerta.
Característiques
P. dominula posseeix un cos color negre amb taques grogues. Pot assolir fins a 2 cm de llarg. Presenta l'abdomen allargat i amb cintura molt estreta. Pot ser confosa amb Polistes gallicus, de la qual es diferencia per les galtes i el clipi grocs, sense taques negres. Vespula germanica, que és una altra vespa similar, és molt més agressiva, té potes més curtes, poca cintura i l'abdomen més engruixat; Polistes dominula, en canvi, té potes llargues que porta penjant en volar i antenes color taronja.
Història natural
Habitualment construeix els seus nius en ràfecs i abrics protegits de la intempèrie en els sostres d'edificacions i construccions humanes, encara que també poden aparèixer en arbres. S'alimenta principalment de fruites madures. Normalment ataca només quan percep agressions cap al seu niu.
Picada
En la part final del seu abdomen posseeix l'agulló amb el qual sol atacar inoculant un verí dolorós, el qual en els éssers humans pot produir picades doloroses, edemes, i fins a casos fatals a causa de xoc anafilàctic. Al no perdre el seu agulló quan pica, una mateixa vespa pot atacar diverses vegades a la seva víctima.
The European paper wasp (Polistes dominula) is one of the most common and well-known species of social wasps in the genus Polistes. Its diet is more diverse than those of most Polistes species—many genera of insects versus mainly caterpillars in other Polistes—giving it superior survivability compared to other wasp species during a shortage of resources.
The dominant females are the principal egg layers, while the subordinate females ("auxiliaries") or workers primarily forage and do not lay eggs. This hierarchy is not permanent, though; when the queen is removed from the nest, the second-most dominant female takes over the role of the previous queen.[1] Dominance in females is determined by the severity of the scatteredness in the coloration of the clypeus (face), whereas dominance in males is shown by the variation of spots of their abdomens.[2] P. dominula is common and cosmopolitan due to their exceptional survival features such as productive colony cycle, short development time, and higher ability to endure predator attacks.[3]
These wasps have a lek-based mating system. Unlike most social insects, 35% of P. dominula wasps in a colony are unrelated. It is considered an invasive species in Canada and the United States.
Taxonomy
The European paper wasp was originally described in 1791 by Johann Ludwig Christ as Vespa dominula. The specific epithet dominula is a noun meaning "little mistress",[4] and following the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, species epithets which are nouns do not change when a species is placed in a different genus. Authors who were unaware that dominula was a noun have misspelled the species name as "dominulus" for decades. P. dominula is often referred to as the European paper wasp because of its native distribution and its nests, which are constructed from paper and saliva. It is also frequently referred to in older literature as Polistes gallicus, a separate species with which it was often confused.[5]
Description and identification
Close-up of the head
Little variation occurs among individuals of P. dominula; the wing lengths of males range from 9.5 to 13.0 millimetres (3⁄8 to 1⁄2 in), while those of females range from 8.5 to 12.0 millimetres (5⁄16 to 1⁄2 in). Its body is colored entirely yellow and black, similar to that of Vespula germanica, one of the most common and defensive wasps in its native range.[6] The female mandible is black and sometimes has a yellow spot. Females have a black subantennal mark that rarely has a pair of small, yellow spots. The female vertex sometimes has a pair of small, yellow spots behind the hind ocelli. Females have yellow, comma-shaped scutal spots.[7]
Variations amongst individuals
Although the wasps do not display much conspicuous variation that enables one to tell them apart with the naked eye, definite features are unique to each individual. For example, the abdominal spots on males of P. dominula vary in sizes, locations, and patterns. They act as sexually selective signals and also are associated with social hierarchy within the colonies. Males with smaller, regular patterns of spots are more aggressive and dominant over those with larger, irregular patterns. Similarly, females' appearance varies between individuals and is associated with their social rank. The larger and the more scattered the clypeus marks on the foundress, the higher the probability that she is dominant over other females.[8]
Distribution
P. dominula in the Netherlands
The native range of P. dominula covers much of southern Europe and North Africa, and temperate parts of Asia as far east as China.[9] It has also been introduced to New Zealand,[10] Australia, South Africa,[11] and North and South America. Since the mid-1980s, the population of P. dominula has expanded to rather cooler regions, especially towards northern Europe. Global warming is speculated to have raised temperatures of certain areas, allowing P. dominula to expand to originally cooler regions.[7]
The first North American occurrence of P. dominula was reported in Massachusetts in the late 1970s,[12] and by 1995, this species had been documented throughout the northeastern USA.[13] However, the species is also likely present in additional states, but has just not yet been reported. Although detailed mechanisms of the species' dispersal are still unknown, some number of individuals, including the foundresses, may have hidden inside transportable items such as shipping crates, trailers, boats, or other human-made structures used during international trading between countries.[7] wikipedia dixit
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Die große Beamtenstiege designed by Otto Wagner and located in the Austrian Postal Savings Bank.
“Artis solana domina necessitas: Art’s only mistress is necessity.“
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The Artistry - New pop‑up shop ‘The Artistry’ opens in Shepton Mallet. Showcasing the work of more than 30 local artists and makers has opened at 37 Town Street in Shepton Mallet.
Mirage an optical phenomenon - or a cider induced hallucination.
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I ve just reposted this photo here today as I like it a lot and many people may not have seen it. I also like the fact that there is a lovely comment from our much missed friend, Richard Gregory.R.I.P. Gone but always here with us.
I took this quick snap as I was driving out of the village where I live. It was very early in the morning and as I was on my way up Windgates hill and I saw the sun just starting to rise through my car window. I thought it was very beautiful and the dark ominous clouds seem to add to the moodiness of the scene. It was only a quickie and I didnt spend more than a minute taking it as I was in a hurry. Sunrises can be very boring if there isnt any other subjects in the photo. I do think the trees help and I like the natural framing with the branches. All I used on this was a nd variable filter and apart from cropping out some of the bottom so as to better position the horizon, that was it, really. Im very pleased with it as I want a nice picture for my new place and I think its one of my better ones or maybe its because this is my home and its where my heart really is.
Hope you are where your heart truly belongs too!
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In this case its "Turner's Old Star" in Wapping, in the East End of London. The building was inherited by the famous painter Joseph Turner (1775-1851) who converted it into a tavern.
From the pub's own website:
"Turner was exceptionally secretive, especially over women. From the age of twenty-five he was to keep several mistresses, who were to bear him four illegitimate children.
Although he never married, women always played an important part of Turners life. His vigorously sensual side was to emerge in the copious quantities of erotic drawings discovered among the Turner bequest on his death. These were supposedly executed during the weekends of drunken debauchery amid the Dockside taverns of Wapping.
In 1833 Turner met Sophia Booth, a widowed landlady from Margate who was to become his mistress until his death in 1851. When Turner inherited two cottages in the dockland area of Wapping, he converted them into a tavern and installed Mrs. Booth as proprietor. He named the tavern 'The Old Star'.
To maintain his secrecy during their life together Turner adopted her surname. This, combined with his five-foot height and portly physique was to earn him the nickname 'Puggy Booth'.
Turner's 'Old Star' remains on site to this day. In 1987 the property was extensively refurbished and as a tribute to the great British painter was renamed 'Turner's Old Star'"
From the Londonist website: "Turner's Old Star isn't going to win any awards for its range of artisan craft ales or innovative dining concepts. This is an unreformed backstreet boozer of a type increasingly rare this close to the centre."
I can attest to that statement, having had a (very tasty) pint of pale ale there last Friday.
The pub was also used as a location for the movie "Legend" (2015) about the notorious East End gangsters the Kray twins. In the movie it was the ‘Pig and Whistle’ pub, where the discussion between two rival sides quickly descends into a bloody mess of knuckledusters and hammers!
The plaque by the front door bears a commemoration to Lydia Rogers, found guilty of witch-like practices on this spot in 1658.
100x: The 2024 Edition
3/100 London landmarks by night
In Spanish, "Los Baños de Doña María de Padilla" or similar - but actually huge rainwater cisterns, set under the Patio del Crucero.
Nonetheless, María de Padilla should be remembered - for a while the secret wife, and then the public mistress, of Peter the Cruel, king of Castile and León from 1350 to 1369.
Of their several children, one daughter - Constance of Castille - married John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, while another - Isabella of Castille - married Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York... a link to both of the Royal houses who would later fight England's Wars of the Roses.
tibbaR morf a tah!
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Pose: Bb Selinda made this pose!! She’ll be releasing them soon!!
Mistress Lane (二奶巷) is approximately 500m long lane is located at the heart of Old Town neighborhood in Ipoh. During the tin-mining era, many rich miners had their mistresses stayed in these houses, therefore this tiny lane got its name after the infamous history.
feel free to drop by my set for more photos:
Human Nature - Madonna:
"Express yourself don't repress yourself
And I'm not sorry (I'm not sorry)
I'm not sorry
(It's human nature) It's human nature
And I'm not sorry (I'm not sorry)
I'm not sorry"
Songwriter: Dave Hall / Kevin Mckenzie / Shawn Mckenzie / Michael Deering / Madonna L Ciccone
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Eternity - Megan Hair
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THIS IS WRONG Scar makeup - FRESH
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HUMAN GLITCH // VNGKMR SET
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Please see my blog for links to mainstores and events
rachelswallows.blogspot.com/2020/09/mistress-swallows.html
WICCA'S ORIGINALS
Andastra Gloves @ Black Fair
Long kinky latex gloves with attached talon like nails.
Sizes: Maitreya, Legacy, Hourglass // HUD: 10 Colors and 10 Metals
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Velvetta Shoes @ Beauty Sales Event
Discount for the event, after the event back at normal price @ The Mainstore & Market Place
6 original HQ textures - customize . - Maitreya - Belleza - Slink - Altamura
Rachel also wears: Blouse and Skirt from AtaMe @ The Itty Bitty Titty Event, Legacy Body, Lelutka Erin Head, Ecstasy and Oxycodone Eyepatch, Dreamcatcher cigarette holder, Hair by Tableau Vivant, London Skin from Core by Rachel Swallows
Mistress Quickly, Villasimius Marina, Sardinia
She is 72 foot long, designed by Bob Miller (Ben Lexcen) and was built in Australia as "Ballyhoo" in 1974. As Ballyhoo she won line honours in the 1976 Sydney-Hobart.
Mistress Lane (二奶巷) is approximately 500m long lane is located at the heart of Old Town neighborhood in Ipoh. During the tin-mining era, many rich miners had their mistresses stayed in these houses, therefore this tiny lane got its name after the infamous history.
feel free to drop by my set for more photos: