View allAll Photos Tagged Methodology
An ongoing UNICEF supported borehole drill in Musle Kebele of Kore Woreda. The borehole drilling site was identified through combining remote sensing technology with conventional methodologies (hydrogeology and geophysics). March-9-2016. © UNICEF Ethiopia/2016/Mulugeta Ayene
A Raised Hand: Can A New Approach Curb Domestic Homicide?
The New Yorker (July 22, 2013)
From The New Yorker: One in every four women is a victim of domestic physical violence at some point in her life. In 2005, Kelly Dunne, the chief operating officer of the Jeanne Geiger Crisis Center, created the Domestic Violence High Risk Team, coordinating the efforts of her agency with those of local police departments, hospitals, state legislatures, and the courts. The high-risk team’s methodology is simple: it strives to prevent domestic-violence homicide by predicting when it might happen.
Launched at the London Motor Show in 1958 and constructed using the sophisticated ‘Superleggera’ methodology devised by Touring of Milan, the Aston Martin DB4 is considered one of Aston Martin’s greatest achievements.
This highly specified Series 5 example, one of only 50 constructed, is believed one of just 5 built with the ‘open headlight’ configuration. Delivered new to Aston Martin agents, J Blake & Sons in Liverpool, 1034/R was primarily used by its then company chairman, former Monte Carlo Rally entrant and BRDC member Jack Reece, before being sold on and finding its way to the United States. It resided in the warm climes of California until its repatriation to the UK in 1988. The car was sold in 1993 via Paradise Garage of London to a committed DB4 owner who entrusted its maintenance to Aston Service Dorset and R.S. Williams Ltd, with the latter buying the car from him in late 2003.
Substantially restored between 2004-5, works carried out included chassis and body restoration, a full mechanical rebuild including the engine to 4.7 litres specification, gearbox and overdrive rebuilds as well as suitable upgrades to cooling, suspension and brake systems. R.S. Williams also commissioned a complete bare metal respray, re-chroming of brightwork and an interior re-trim with new hides and carpets, prior to a new owner taking delivery in 2005.
The substantial leather-bound history file included with the car gives details of the restoration works carried out, including an engine dyno sheet, showing true power 318 bhp and 330 ft/lbs of torque. It also contains a substantial number of maintenance and parts invoices, DVLA correspondence, all MoT certificates from 1988 onward and a copy of the original build records. Included also are charming and informative letters from previous owner's in the 1990s.
London Concours 2018
Honourable Artillery Company
London
England - United Kingdom
June 2018
Yoga TTC (Teacher Training Course) in Rishikesh. Nestled in the tranquil embrace of the Himalayas, our transformative TTC offers a comprehensive curriculum guided by experienced and certified instructors. Delve into asanas, pranayama, meditation, yoga philosophy, and teaching methodologies to become a confident and knowledgeable yoga teacher. Whether you're a dedicated practitioner or a beginner, our TTC caters to all levels, fostering personal growth and self-discovery. Immerse yourself in the spiritual ambiance of Rishikesh, the birthplace of yoga, and experience a profound inner transformation. Gain internationally recognized certification and empower yourself to share the gift of yoga with others.
"Muslim Creed" [Vol. 3 No. 2, February 1995] a free of charge Islamic Magazine meant for the dissemination of the Islamic creed, knowledge and Methodology of Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jama`ah in the light of the Qur'an and the Authentic Sunnah as understood and practiced by the Salaf. It is published by "The Dear of Islamic Heritage".
My Dear Sister,
Know that you are man's sister and half of humanity. You are a mother, wife, daughter, sister, aunt, grand daughter or grand mother. The Prophet said, what translated means, Women are, indeed, men's partners. [Abu Dawood]. You are a member of the great nation of Islam, the best nation ever produced for mankind. No other nation on earth has more great men, leaders and conquerors than this nation. It is the nation of guidance and the straight religion, and it leads humanity to righteousness and truth. It transforms people from worshippers of slaves to worshippers of the Lord of slaves, from life's pressures to the pleasures of the Life after, and from the injustice of other religions to the justice of Islam.
Your ancestors, great women of Islam, were one of the main reasons for this great nation to take this great place among all nations. Allah, Who granted Islam to this nation, made a high place for Muslim women, and decreed that they share in the responsibilities of enjoining truth, forbidding evil and raising the flag of Islam. He said, what translated means, The believers, men and women, are loyalists of one another, they enjoin righteousness and forbid evil, they offer their prayers perfectly and give the Zakat, and obey Allah and His Messenger. Allah will leave His Mercy on them. Surely Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise. [9:71]
Allah has given Muslim women what they can bare of orders and duties. He is the God Who knows His creation, Should He not know what He created? And He is the Most Kind, All-Aware (of everything). [67:14].
My dear sister, you are called upon today to truly become an active member of the Muslim nation, strive to establish victory for Allah's Word, implement the Quran and help build the generation of Iman.
What Do Your Enemies Want From You?
There are those who want to distract you from doing your duty. They want to distract you from meeting your noble obligation, that is, to defend the religion of Allah and raise His Word high. Those enemies use many methods:
First: They distract you from what Allah created you to perform of worship, belief and Da'wah (propagating Islam). They use this worldly life as their bate: Jewelry stores, fashions that originate in non-Muslim countries, new models all the time, desires raised, hunger that can never be satisfied, pleasures and competition for them and endless ways for joy. Allah did not create us for this. Indulging in these matters is usually accompanied by wasting time and money and igniting enmity and competition between the rich and the poor.
Second: They ignite enmity between you and man. To those sinners, you are a daughter that is put down, a humiliated mother, an abused wife and an oppressed sister! Men are always unjust, hypocrites, dictators, freedom- preventers and suppressers, according to them. There is a fabricated war that those evil ones are starting for no reason other than to direct you to rebel against your father, be arrogant with your brother and disobedient to your husband. They do not call for justice, mercy and unity. They call for hatred, arrogance and destruction.
Third: They do not stop at their call for rebellion against parents, brothers and husbands, rather, they plot against Islam. They call upon you to rebel against the obligations of Islam and the decrees of the All-Knowing King. Islam, to them, is unjust and Islamic laws are imperfect and restrictive. They call upon you, day and night, to rebel and insist on the disobedience of this religion. They try to rid you of your religion. They try to rid you of comfort and safety under generous parenthood, happy marriage and good brotherly relations.
Those devils portray piety and honor as chains on freedom. To them, Hijab does not cover the head, but also covers the mind; prayer, fasting and Zakat are a waste of time and effort; and obedience to husbands is slavery and a retum to the stone age. They distorted all facts and changed all truths, all to serve their evil goals.
Dear Sister,
The goals that your enemies and the enemies of your religion are seeking to achieve are well known. They want you to be available for them to fulfill their evil desires whenever they wish. They want you to be a mistress that has no honor. They want you to be found everywhere, on roads and in places of sin, without honor, religion or manners. They seek for you only what they want you to do. The Western world has gone through this all. Women of the West are the part of society that is facing injustice and dishonor. They strive to please men who keep changing partners and seek pleasures but with no responsibility and no consideration of the evil consequences of their sinful actions.
O Muslim sister, read and know about those women who discarded shyness and honor and followed their desires, what was the result of their deeds? Was their end honorable and desirable, or was it a shameful and hated end?
Advice For My Sister In Islam
Be proud of your religion and the religion of your ancestors. Be a good example for your sons and daughters and sincere in your belonging to this mighty nation. Know that honor is an honor to all wise people, and that adultery is dishonorable to all nations, even if some called it freedom. Know that adultery is also done with the eyes by seeing, with the ears by listening, and with the mouth by kissing, as was mentioned in a Hadith related by Imam Muslim. Your happiness is in being an obedient and believing daughter, a loyal and generous wife and a pious and merciful mother. Know that prayer is the cornerstone of Islam. Fasting one day, for the sake of Allah, takes your face seventy years away from Hellfire, as the Hadith, related by Al-Bukhari and Muslim, states. Charity is a major cause for gaining forgiveness and for repentance to be accepted. Those women who are showing parts of their bodies to men, will not enter Paradise or smell its fragrance and are cursed, as in the Hadith related by Imam Muslim. Hijab is an honor and protection for you. Hijab must be modest in color and not exotic, wide and thick and not revealing, different from the dress of non-Muslim women and men.
My Dear Sister,
These are words from the heart. These are words of good and sincere advice. Beware of the loyalists of Satan who want to lead you astray. Be a slave of Allah, righteous and decendent of righteous women and know your role in building this great nation. Perform your duty and do not be a cause for destruction. Be a maker of righteous generation that will lead mankind, again, to what is right and proper, to the great religion of Islam.
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How To Teach Goal Setting News
Why the popular SMART goal–setting methodology is not as clever as you may think
Speed has become a virtue that trumps every other meaningful organisational goal. Textbooks teach the blind pursuit of "first mover advantage" despite irrefutable examples of its limits. When did Apple last launch a truly first-in-the-world product …Read more on The Australian Financial Review
1 I Got This
Just months removed from his teenage years, Towns is already setting goals for himself, including one to be mentioned in the same breath as KG in Timberwolves lore. But those goals are not unrealistic. As a rookie, KG averaged 10.4 points, 6.3 boards …Read more on SLAM Online
Why Parents Who Sell Girl Scout Cookies Are Shortchanging Their Kids
The Girl Scouts website reads, “Every time you buy a box, you help girls learn five essential skills — goal setting, decision making, money management, people skills, and business ethics — all while helping them better themselves and their …Read more on Yahoo Parenting
How To Teach Goal Setting Video
How to teach goal setting to kids – Las Vegas Kung Fu Academy
Go Here: www.lvshaolin.com | How to teach kids goal setting
The ultimate purpose of martial arts training is to take the lessons of martial arts and apply them to life outside of the dojo or academy. Martial arts training should change you or your child in a positive way. I think as a parent your main hope for your child is that they reach their true potential as an adult because of their early martial arts training.
There is a way to teach goal setting to kids. Goal setting is a somewhat abstract concept for most kids, so we have found that combining the ideas and steps with a physical action gives children a really easy way to remember all of the parts to setting and achieving their goals.
Here is the black belt success cycle:
Step 1.
Know what you want. This could be graduating from high school or a college degree. Or perhaps it is to get a good paying job or even opening your own business.
Step 2.
Have a plan. Figure out what exact steps are need for you to get to your end goal. For example if it is to get a degree, the first part of your plan should be to get a schedule of classes from the colleges you are considering.
Step 3.
And a success coach. Without a mentor some part of your plan are going to be difficult. However, if you have someone who has been there and done that, they can guide you to have a much smoother experience.
Step 4.
Take consistent action. Without action, you are only daydreaming. The second part of step 4 is to be consistent. Many people start off strong but then fade out without having accomplished what they set out to do. If your goal really means something to you, don’t give up no matter what.
Step 5.
Review your progress. Take some time to review what is going on in your master plan. Sometime you have to adjust your plan along the way.
Step 6.
Renew your goals. After reviewing renew your commitment to what you want to accomplish. Stay motivated and focused on your target.
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The Poster from my presentation at the EuroCALL 2009 conference in Playa de Gandia, Spain. eurocall.webs.upv.es/eurocall2009/
Note: I attached an iPod shuffle, small speaker and a small digital photo frame in order to have the participants "speak for themselves" and to show images of the case-study school environments.
Abstract:
New technologies allow for “anywhere, anytime” access to information resources and likewise facilitate the creation of those resources quickly, easily and at point of need. Mobile phones, mp3 players, netbooks, YouTube, blogs, social networks and tagging are just some of the tools available to language learners and educators that have facilitated innovative ways of collaborating and working together. So too have these tools enhanced opportunities for innovation in research.
With this poster, I present the possibilities, practicalities and challenges afforded by new Information Communication Technology (ICT) tools to conduct, analyse, and (re)present qualitative research on Computer Assisted Language Learning. This extends and builds on the work by Dicks, Mason, Coffey & Atkinson (2005) who used hypermedia ethnography as a methodology for research in learning environments by bringing the methodology into the “Web 2.0” era. I draw on findings from my current EdD research project, exploring the use of ICT for learning and teaching Languages in technology-enhanced and supported government high schools in Western Australia, to provide examples. Throughout the research process I have made great use of ICT tools and services, raising questions such as: how can an iPhone be used for data collection? Should it? Does blogging aid or restrict the research process? How is data best stored and access online? Do participants engage more fully in the research process when they have anytime access to their data? What are the important ethical issues that arise, unique to this methodology, and how might they be addressed?
This poster may pose many questions, but I also offer recommendations and suggestions for further developments and explorations in this area. Hypermedia ethnography represents a new trend for research in computer assisted language learning: one of great potential, and one that certainly facilitates innovative ways of collaborating and working together with both research participants and the broader research community
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BY M.S.KOHLII WERE
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MISTER M.S.KOHLII
EXTERNAL PRESIDENT U.S.A.
AND JUSTIN AS THE JUSTICE AND LAW HEAD PLUS OF THE UNITED NATIONS
BOTH FOR LIFE
PROPOSED BY THE U.S. SENATE
SEEING HIS MOST SELFLESS WORK
IN THE SERVICE OF AMERICA
AND OTHER NATIONS ON EARTH
TOWARDS EVOLVING HARMONY,TRADE AND COLLECTIVE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CAUSING MEANINGFUL TRUST
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THE ELECTION IN THE TECHNOLOGIES HE GAVE THE RACE WERE COMPARED TO THE LISTED BY THE THEY IN THE RECORDER SECTION OF THE U.N. .THEY SAW HE GAVE SIX TECHNOLOGIES IN THE FIRST YEAR OF HIS LIFE.ERLIER LISTED WERE THIRTEEN ONLY INCLUDING TWO OF THE GREAT GUIDE TO HE M.S.KOHLII THE ALVA EDISON AND ONE OF HIS FRIEND A LITTLE LATER MISTER HENRY FORD SENIOR.ONE OF ANDREW CARNEGIE IN IRON SMOULDERING TILL IRON MAKING AS A DIFFERENT PROCESS THAN WHAT LATER M,.S.KOHLII GAVE AS A VERY VERY SUPERIOR AS A TEMPERS AS A SIXTY ALONG WITH IT TOO NOT SEPARATE AS A SEPARATE TO BE NOTED AS A WE AS A TEAS IF ARE TO BE OF THE ENTIRE POOR OF THE WORLD OR THOSE WHO CAN NOT GET JOBS THEN WE ARE TO BE VESTED WITH THE THEY TOO IN THE WE A THIRTY LAKH AS A PATENTABLE PRODUCT TECHNICAL.RECORDER NO BODY ELSE CAN BE COULD BE.AS A WE AS A SEEN ALL OF M.S.,KOHLII AFTER A SARUP SINGH AS A MAN WAS TURNED OUT BY A HEFT A K.K.PAUL THE WE AS A TRUTH POSITION CAME TO BE TAKEN UP BY A HEFT AS A A.S. 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THEN AFTER TESTING THE STATE BANK OF INDIA IN THE DELHI AS A ONCE CHAIRMAN APPOINTED FOR LIFE IN THE CHANDIGARH REGION AS A OF THE THEN A DERI.
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INJUST INDIA WAS A MADES AS A WE AS A SCREENING DONE BY THE WE AS A SIKHS AS A DURUST SAYING SELF THE SANSI DOGRAS AS A SAY IN THE NOT BEING THE DOGRAS EVEN IN THE WE AS A NOT BE AS A WE AS A SMEAR AS A WE AS A NONER WERE DONE THEY BY THE LUTCHE AS A WE TO FROM THE WE AS A DHEES AS
A WE AS A DIMMING AS A WE INTO INSERTING THE POISON POTASSIUM CYANIDE IN DOSES AS A ELEPHANTS TO THE WE AS A DOGS AS A TREATED AS-----------INVERTING THE WORD GOD.
I TAKE OATH TO DISSOLVE THIS VOLUN.WE SAY AS A WE AS A ESTIMATE WHO IS THE WORLD FIRST CLEAR CUT OVER THE HITLER A CRIMINAL.................MADE BOTH WERE BY THE ENGLAND INJECTING POISONOUS GAS PRODUCED GOT BY ORDER ON IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRY IN THE YEAR NINETEEN THIRTY THREE FROM TILL DATE FOR WE THREE GIVEN TO HE THE THEIR THOUGHT THEY TO WE BY NOT HE BY WE TOO THEY TOO GIVEN DIRTY LINENS TOO AS A WE AS A DAUGHTERS AS A SEVENTY PERCENT SEXED TILL DEATH THOUGH REVIVED AS WERE MISS MAINO-----THE ME BY ASKED SO WE IN TRUST SHE WITHHELD WE GIVEN POWER WE BY GUIDED TO BE A TRUST TO THE MASSES IN THE INDIA OWNED BY WE THE SOLE LANDOWNER AND CHIEF OF A COUNTRY INDIA NOT ALONE AS A ELECTED CHIEF OF STAFF IN THE DATE WE AS A STREES AS A NOT BUT TOO IN THE IRESPONSIBLESTS AS A COUPLE IN THE BUREAUCRACY IN THE WE BY MADE WE AGAINST TURNED INSTEAD OF DEATH TAKING KILLING WE THE GOD..JOINING THE WE AS A NON-RELATIVE KILLING OUR RELATIVE TO IN THE WE AS A ASKING WE TO JOIN BE WE AS A REFRAIN INSTEAD CLEAR AS A NO WAS BUT THE SHAMELESSEST THOUGH ON TELEPHONE RECORD WORLD GOT IT ERASED FROM THE C.I.D. OFFICER HERE KILLING HIS WIFE BEFORE HIM LEAVING HIS SISTERS.THEY WE SEE CHANGE STATEMENT TO POLICE.BUT POLICE DOES NOT CATCH THEY.I ORDER THE KILLING BY BULLETING HE KILLER OF OUR BEST BETS.I LOOSEN IN IT THE OUR LUST IN THE LAD TO ZERO IN THE WE AS A STREES AS A DUUR IN THE WE AS A TEAS AS A TOO IN THE WE AS A TREES AS.
CORRECT IS A TERM OF THE DICTION WE .WE SEE WE AS A RISE NOT BUT A ERR.SO WE TREAT IT AS A WE AS A TWO NOT ONE AS A MATTER DEALT -------- AS IS ACTUAL. AS A WE AS A WE AS A TWO AS A REFERENCES WERE TO THE LIFE WE LIVED------- ENTERING A DEAD HUMAN FOUND TO BE RARE AS A LIFE AS A MOST EVOLVED ABOUT TWELVE BILLION TIMES HIGHER THAN A KRISHAN KANT PAUL AS HE WERE AS A DELHI DIRECTOR GENERAL POLICE AS A PUNNY NOTHING IN COMPARISON TO HE WHOM HE WAS KILLING GOING WITH HIS STOLEN CARDS TO JOIN IN THE UNITED NATIONS HIS POSITION AS A AMBITIOUS POLICE PERSONNEL NOT BUT A FRONT OF THE RAJAN GANG AS A SEX ADDICTION PROMOTER EVOLVER TOPMOST OF TIMES WHOM M.S.KOHLII ALONE HAD RISEN TO OPPOSE.THE DATE WE CITE WHEN HE IS ON RECORD IN FORTY THREE COUNTRIES TO TAKE PRESIDENTSHIP OF THE WORLD.THE CARD HE SHOWED WERE THE SIX SENT BY THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY TO THE MAN WE WRITE FROM.TEN OTHERS WERE THERE ERLIER SENT BY HE ON ARMTWIST NOT IN FEAR OF IT DIRECTLY TOLD POINT BLANK BY THE RAJAN A GANGSTER SINCE THE KILLING BY HE OF COMMANDER NANAVATI AND AHUJA HE GOT FIXED UP IN A FALSESTS AS A D.I.S. AS A ASSERS AS---- IN A DESIRE TO SNATCH A WAR-SHIP FROM THE INDIAN NAVY TO DACOIT IN THE SEA DACOITING TRADERS IN DEEP SEA TAKING THEIR LUGGAGE AND SHIP SELLING THE SHIP CLANDESTINELY AS A EFFORTS AS A FRONT WITH WE AS A SADR M.S.KOHLII AS A S.S.KOHLI AS A CALLED TO SHIP WITH WIFE AND DAUGHTER VERY VERY HONOURABLY----------WHILE ON SHIP TAKING OVER SHIP CLANDESTINELY----- SHUTTING THE CPA=CAPTAIN AS A POTENTIALS AS A ALL IN THE WE AS A SOLE LANDOWNER'S ORDER AS A SHOW AS A FAMILY HIS CAUGHT AS A DACOITY. SEX ASSAULTING BEFORE THEM IN PUBLIC ASKING THEM TO JOIN IN THIS GREAT FUN AS A POLATED EXERCISE THEIRS AS A POLICE RECORDS AS A WE AS A SEVEN SEAS AS.............FOILED AS A WE AS A SON M.S.KKOHLII CYANIDED WITH THIRTY DROP AND A INSTIL OF ONE BY WIFE TURNED BY THE FORCERS AS A THEY AS A SIR HAJIT CHOTA RAJAN AS A DELHI POLICERS AS.AS ASSERS AS A SIR THAT LOOKED A UNPROTECTED BY U.N.,INDIA,USA.NO ONE HAD THOUGHT TILL ENGLAND HE WILL BE DACOITED.ROME WERE IN INFORM AS WAS A USA IN THE TELEPHONE WHEN THEY CAME TO ASK THE SHIP.M.S.KOHLII SAID EH WHAT A WAY TO START A WAR OF NATIONS.AS A SHAITANS=SATAN ITSELF.WHY DID YOU GET ON THE INDIA AS A DACOITS LIVING IN INDIA ASKING THE NAVY OURS A SHIP IT IS TRYING TO BUILD UP AS A RECENTLY TAKEN FROM USA AS A FIRST SHIP WITH FIVE PLANES AS I HAD SUGGESTED THE PRIME MINISTER IN VIEW OF HER FEAR THAT WE LOOK WEAK SO THREATS WERE FROM PAKISTAN ON BEHALF USA----------- I HAD SUGGESTED A PURCHASE FROM USA TO BUILD TRUST.YOU SPOILER THINK I CAN CONSIDER MY SISTER MOTHER FATHER BROTHER AS A IMPORTANT AS A INDIVIDUALS TAKEN OVER BY YOUR GANG AS A SARDARS AS A SHIP-WRECKERS AS A ACQUIRING THE CONTROL OF THE SHIP AND TRYING TO FIRE GRANADES.ALL ON RECORD WE INTERNATIONAL ALL IS.BE SEEN WE ON TWO COMPACT DISCS AS A PAGES THREE WE CITE AS A THREE THOUSAND FIFTEEN TO SEVENTEEN AS A TRUE AS A DATA.THEY HE GOT CAUGHT AS A AIR CRAFT FLYERS AS A TOO IN THE MID AIR TILL OLIM.WORKING IMMEDIATELY ON PMO.TO GET THE DACOIT DUE WITHOUT A BIT ON THE FAMILY WE AS A AVTARS THREE NOT TWO THERE WE AS A WRITER OF THE GURU GRANTH OF THE SIKH WHICH WE SAY WERE NOT YET AWARDED BY THE UNO OR ANY OTHER AS A EVEN APPRECIATIONS BY A REVIEWS OPPOSED BY THESE KHALISTAN GANGSTERS WHO CAME FROM WHERE INTO WHAT TOO NOT RESEARCHED SO FAR BY POLICE AS WHY THEY DID WHAT THEY DID AS A POLATED AS A RELIGIOUS AS A PERSONS GOING AGAINST THE VERY RELIGION THAT WERE A STUDY OF THE HINDU AND A HINDU RELIGION CLASSED BY THE ENGLAND AS A HINDUS ACCORDED A PLACE IN THE HINDU AS A HINDU PANI EXACT OPPOSERS OF THE MUSLIMS THAT BREED WHICH PROTECTED BEING KILLED RELIGION THE HINDU.AS A IT IT TRANSCENDS AS A SOME STRATEGY OF THE THESE VULTURES.TO WHO LITTLE SON AS A ONE YEAR OLD NOT THE GOD AS A WE AS A SON RECOGNISED AS A WERE TAKEN TO DEATHS AS A ASSINGS AS AND HIS PROPERTY DEFOILED.NEEDS AN IMMEDIATE ATTENTION ON THE UNITED NATIONS AS A STOPPING THE CURRENCY AND TRADES AS A EMBASSIES AS A WE AS A SINNERS AS.WE FEEL NONE IN THEM IS A CORRECT.THEY WE SEE INCORRECTED AS A WE AS A SAY IN ALL THE WORLD AS A SERVANTS AS A WE AS A SIGNPOSTED AS A DECEIVER.
CORRECT AS A WORK WE SAW AS A TWO.
ONE WAS WALDO D. EMERSON THE ESSAYIST OF COMMONSENSE AS A ESSAY STILL VALID AS A IT AS A COMMONSENSE BUILDER HIGHER THAN OTHER SUN.
CORRECT WHAT IS.
AS A DESCRIBE WE SAW A MATTER AS CAME ONLY IN NINETEEN SIXTY TWO.IN THE RAMA KRISHNA ASHRAM IN A STOPPED THERE AND ASKED TOO TO GET OUT AS A LIFE AS AS A CRITIC AS A OF THE MATH THOUGHT ASSEDLY BY THE SECRETARY OF THE BRANCH CALLED MISSION AS A MISSIONARY AS A POLATED CUTTING THE GODHEAD IMPLANTED BY WE CANCELLING ITSELF AVIDLY BY WE AS IS.AS A STUDENT AS A CYANIDED BY THEY FORTY SEVEN TIMES AS A SELECTED ASS BASED ON NOTHING BUT A GUT REACTION AS A FACIAL EXPRESSION EXCITING A MAN TO GET INTO IT IN POLATION BY MOTHER NATURE OF A SUPERIOR ABOVE THE STARS TO BE BROKEN IF HE WERE TO BE HEARD TOO THERE AND THEN AS A CORRECT AS A NATURAL REACTION OF A ANIMAL LIKE A COW WHICH TOO IS CLASSED BY THE HINDUS AS THEIR MOTHER AS A WISE GUIDE TO THEY AS A ANIMALS.IF WE GO INTO THE DETAILS OF THEIR WORKING OR OBSERVATIONS SEEN BY M.S.KOHLII TOO OTHERS TOO SINCE HIS BIRTH TILL AGE NINE WHEN FIRST AS A SON ASA SSSKOHLI AS A WERE INTRODUCED TO HINDU CULTURE NOT BUT IT AS A WE AS A SEEN LEVEL THEN OF THE MEN LEFT HERE IN THE COUNTRY BY THE SLAVER FORCER OFF THE MINDS AS A ALL TACTICS AS A WARS AS A WAY TO SNATCH THE THEIR JEYDADS AS A DADIS AS A WE AS A NOT BUT THEY THE ANIMALS.HE WE THE WE SEEN AS A SECOND MAN IN FINDING WHAT IS RIGHT SO FAR WERE IN THE SLAVES AS A MENTALITY OR AS A SLAVERS AS A REFLEX TO SEE IF THAT THE ENGLANDERS REACTION WAS ALL RIGHT OR CORRECTESTS AS A POLATED AS A ONES A STRONGEST COUNTRY EMERGED ON EARTH AS A WE AS ASSAY AS A NOT THEY AS A FIND AS A ANIMALS AS A LIVES AS A TWO THINGS ONLY AS A CONCERNS AS A SEXES AS.WHICH THEY ISLANDERS AS A INDIANS AS A CENTRAL GOVERNMENT GIVEN TO A NEHRU TOO TO CONTINUE AS A SIMPLE AS A LOOKING MEN FORCED BY ANIMALISTICS AS A TWO COUNTRIES AS A WE AS A ANALYSIS IS. FAR FAR SUPER AS A WE AS A TRY TOO TO BE STILL A SERVICE TO THE MOTHER NATURE EXPOSING THEY TOO TO IT THE CURRENT AS A OPPOSERS AS..AS A ASSER AS A ANIMALS SNATCHER TRUSTED BY THEIR OWN MISTAKE POLATING THEIR SAID AS A DEPENDABLE MATTERS AS IF THEY WERE GOING TO BE DOING AS THEY PROJECTED TO ALL AT ALL TIMES SINCE TWENTY YEARS PAST AS A LIFE AS A ACTIVE OF THE TWO PARENT OF THE CHILD COMING UP AS THE GOD TILL A STUDENT ACTUAL MADE BY THEM TO THE BEST OF THEIR ABILITY AS A EXTENSION OF THEY THEMSELVES AS WAS SUGGESTED BY THEIR PARENTS AS A EXTENSIONS OF WHO THEY HAD COME UP AS A PEOPLE OF PROMINENCE.IN RECORD OF ROME.ENGLAND TOO,COMMUNISTS TOO.INDIA ERASING THEY MEANS ONLY IT IS A ANIMAL..WHICH YET HAS NO BENT TO RECORD THE MATTER AS IT IS.AS A VERY DEGRADED AS A SOCIETY.IN THE THEIR AS A NO SYSTEM IN THE THOUGHT TILL OF THE HINDUS EVEN AFTER TWENTY YEARS AS A IN THE STATE AS A EXPOSURES AS A SAID AS A ASSERS AS A CONGRESS AS A SYSTEM AS A ASS AS A SPARE PART OF THE WORLD.IN THE EFFORTS TO MAKE THIS WORLD A USELESSESTS AS A DEVICES ALONGWITH IT'S BRANCHES AS A BJP AND ALL OTHER PARTIES HERE.SEE THEIR REACTION TO MAMTA BANERJI IN THE HER COMING TO ATTEND AS A CALLED AS A STATE AS A NOT BEING ALLOWED TO ENTER THE PLANNING COMMISSION SO WE DID EFFORT TO SEE THEY ALL OUT AND CANCELLED AS A PLOTTERS AS A OF THE SYSTEM TO NON-SENSE GIVING AS A WAY TILL BY THEY AND ALL OTHER PARTIES IN WHICH WE ARE STEP BY STEP PROGRESSING TO DECIMATE THEY.NO MAN WHO WERE A STUDENT OF LAW AS A LLB OR NOT ROSE ON THE SCREEN AS A VISIBLE ALTHOUGH TWO DID WERE CANCELLED BY THE POLICE--- WE ASK OF THE POLICE AS A EXPLAIN TO WE THE WHO AND HOW TEACHES THEM LAW.IS IT THE BOOKS OF LAW OR A THEY AS A DEROGATION COMPLETE OF THE LAW AS A WAY AS WE SAW IN THE DELHI BY WE THE GODS AS A WE AS A PUT TOO IN THE REPORTS WE AS A POLICE TOO TO BUT NO ONE YET AS A WE AS A SEE AS A WERE.WE STOPPED OUR CARS THERE AND THEN BY A ORDER OF THE PUNJAB POLICE NOT BUT TOO IN THE TIME A.S. BRAR SPECIALLY GOT ELECTED BY THE PARTY TO CANCEL WE AS A THOUGHT AS------AS A ASSERS AS A FEW NOT TWELVE THOUSAND AS A SPECIAL PLUCK. ALL UNDERSTANDING I GOD THE MOTHER NATURE TOTAL OWNER OF THE COSMOS PERVADING THE COSMOS WAS GOING TO BE BUSY FOR A FEW MONTHS IN THE BRINGING UP OF THE ALTERNATE TO THE GOD U.N. FORCED ON THEM THE ANIMALS.UNWORTHIES AS BEHAVING THROUGH PERIODS NINETEEN FORTY SEVEN TO SIXTY SEVEN.AS A WORLD LAW BREAKERS AS SO BROKEN DOWN INTO BITS AS A SEVEN AS A TIMES AS A STATE AS A ALLOW STARTING THE THEIR TAKEP. TAKEP IS THE TOTAL DIVEST OF THE ECONOMY. A BROKERAGES TILL NOT PAID AS A EXISTING. A DOWNGRADE AS A EXISTANCE. THIS AS A WE AS A GUARANTEES AS A IS AS A WE AS A SEENS AS A SEWS AS.RECORDED IN THE INTELLIGENCE OF THE WORLD IN THE YEAR AS A SEVEN OF THE FIFTY AS A SPECIAL SESSEIONS.BY THE DAV COMMITTEE TOO IN THE THAT.PLACED WE AS A WE.KNOWN TO WE.WE AS A MEMORY GIVER TAKE IT TOO TO BE KEEPING IT IN RECORDS AS A SEVEN TOO IN THE NEED WE NOT BUT TO PUBLISH THEY THE THESE AS A SEWS AS A WE AS A TO ACCUSES AS A SEWS AS A ALONE MAKE DO DID IN THE PAST AS EVER.
CORRECT WHAT IS TO FIND A MAN WERE THERE WE AS A STRIVE IN THE WE TO GUIDE HE WE.WE=ONE LOST IN GOD THE SUPREME FORCE UNIVERSE WHEN WRITTEN BY WE THE GOD OF ALL SUPREME FORCE UNIVERSE AS A WE AS.
HE WE SAW DID SEARCH FOR AN ANSWERS AS A WE AS A SEVEN SEAS AS A SADR AS A EARTH TO BE DECLARED FIVE SEVENTY TIMES AS A COST PAID AS A MERE BACHE AS A SKILLED KILLED AS A MEMORY AS A ORDER SIR AS A NOTHING AS A POLICER INCOMPETENT MISTER SEN CALLING SELF A FOOL AS A MIND AS.
WATER IN INVENTIONS AS A SEVEN SEVENTY AS A CHIEF INVENTOR OF THE WATER AS A TAKER AS A CALLED AS A VERY POOR DESCRIPTION AS A OF THE VERY FOOL SHRI S.C. KAUSHAL.WE SAW WE AS A SEA AS ASSE.HE ASSING HE MISTER M.S. WHO CHIEF OF WORLD GOT HE A JOB THREE DIFFERENT PLACES IN ON HIS REQUESTS..AS A SEA AS A SERVANT HIS AS AVOW TAKEN IN ADVANCE AS A WORLD ATMOSPHERE BUILDING IN THE HE WILL ASSIST TO EXTENT HE CAN AS TO BRING UP EQUALITY,FRATERNITY,PEACE AS WERE BUT HE MADE FOOL IN VERY VERY TILL BECAME THERE WE SAY TILL ILLING WE HE AS SO WE SENT HE TO HELL IN THE HELL.HEAVEN WE GAVE HE A A WE AS BUT HE HIS OTHERS AS A BROTHERS AS A ALL IN THE OBLIGE WE AS A SHRI M.S.KOHLII SHE WE WERE THERE IN THE OUTSOURCING WE BUT OUR RETURN IN THE THEY FROM IS NOT THERE ANY WAY TILL EIGHT PERCENT BY S.C. KAUSHAL A MAN WHO UNLIKE MANY OTHER FORGOT NOT TO REPAY BUT COULD NOT .AS A WAS AS A TWENTY FIVE PERCENT OF THE THIS PLANET..TO THE EXTENT FIFTY THOUSAND PERCENT AS A MATTER RECEIVED AS A WE AS A SEEN .REST AS A SEVEN THOUSAND PERCENT ARE IN DEBT COMPLETE.
S.C.KAUSHAL'S DONE IN THE DIRECTION OF THE WE WERE A MERE TWO PERCENT OF THE RECEIVED BY HE.RESULTS AS A WE AS A FURTHER INPUTS AS A WE AS A READING HE HIS EXPRESSIONS FROM WERE AS A MISTER MIND READERS AS A SOUL AS A PURE AS A WE AS.
WE SAW A PLANET EARTH IN NO WATER AS A SYSTEM AS A INDIA..AS A WE NOT AS A GOD BUT AS A HUMAN M.S.KOHLII WE AS A SMALLEST CREATURE AS GOOD AS A FISH WHALE OF THE TYPE BLUE WHOM HE TAUGHT THE VOICE OF THE HUMAN IN THE SEA AS A SEAMEN IN THE A.S. BRAR USING THE RADIOPHONE AS A HIS INVENTION GIVEN BY HE M.S.KOHLII TO MICHIKO OF JAPAN AS A GIFT TO HAVE COME ON PHONE ON HIS BROTHER'S REQUEST NOT BUT HIS REQUEST.HE WE SAW A VERY VERY RESPECTFUL NON-SEX LEADER ESTABLISHING A REASONABLE SAY AS A WE AS A GOD AS.DEEP WITHIN WE TO CONNECTED AS A MINUTE AS A FIFTY THOUSAND TIMES IN HIS DIETY AS A LIFE LIVING CREATURES AS A MIAN BIWI.AS A WE AS A TALK AS A WE AS A KEPT NOT AS A BIVI=BIWI=WIFE AS WE ASS WE AS A BIWI-AS A BIVI IN LOVE NOT WE THE GOD AS A DO LIKE WE AS A PRESENTED TO HIM A WIFE BUT HUSBANDING THE HE THE HUSBAND WISER THAN HE SHE TILL FIVE TIMES IN HUNDRED THOUSANDS AS A WE AS A NOT ONLY YOU AS A WORLD BUT SEX IS A GREAT HEALER YOU WOULD SAY WE DON'T.WE SEE EXACT SO DID HE BUT AS A REALIST AS A IT SAW LIFE WE SAW AS IT IS..AS IT WILL BE...AS A LIVING....WITHOUT HER AND WITH HER----CHOOSING A LINE SHE WITH IT AFTER SHE REQUESTED HE TO DECIDE FOR ONCE SHE BE OR NOT BE IT AS A SHE CAUGHT NOT BECAUSE HE WANTED NOT CATCHING HER IN ACT OF SEX..AS A ONE IN WE THINKING WE SEE ALL IN THE WORLD AT ALL THE TIMES AND IT ALL HAPPENING IN THE WORLD IS THAT THAT GOD DESIRES AS A TOTALITY.SO JUST BE SEEING THINGS AS THEY ARE..AND LEARN..CAREFULLY ALL LIFE BRINGS BEFORE YOU IT MAY BE FOR YOUR GOOD IF YOU UNDERSTAND------AFTER ALL LIFE WERE GOING TO BE WHETHER YOU LIVE OR NOT AND HAS BEEN TOO WHEN YOU WERE YET TO COME.COMBINATIONS MIGHT HAVE BEEN ANY BUT THE ONES GOING TO COME BEFORE YOU TOO MIGHT HAVE COME EARLIER AND YOU MAY LEARN FROM IT THE REAL FACT------PROBABLY THIS THE GOD WANTS YOU TO BE DOING TO LEARN WHAT EXACTLY IS WHAT AND THEN CAREFULLY SEE IF THAT CAN BE APPLIED IN SOME SUCH WAY AS TO REACH TARGETERS AS WHERE YOU TARGET.YEAR AFTER YEAR AS A WE AS A HE WERE IN THE JOB AS A PROBABILITIES ADDRESSED. A SINGLE PERSON ON A PLANET ABSOLUTELY OPPOSED TILL COUNTRIES HUNDRED TWENTY TILL RISING EVER AS A DIRTY TRICKS DEPARTMENT CAME IN SEEING A GREAT AS A OPPORTUNITY IN THE PLUCK OF A HERO.HE WERE A WE TO CONNECTED HIGHEST AS A WORSHIPPER ALWAYS ACTING IN THE CORRECT DIRECTION.HE WE DUE AND HIS MIND SPEED DUE TO CONTINUOUSLY FIXING MIND ON TWO THINGS DUE WE AT THE SAME TIME BLESSED BY WE TO OUR LOVE AS A EXTENSION AS A CHILD OURS OR WE OURSELVES EXPRESSED AS A FROM BEGINING OF HIS LIFE AS A FATHER AS A TOO IT WERE ALL TROUGH HIS LIFE AS A RAM RAM AS A BASIC BHAJAN IN HIS HEART AS A WE AS A SEEN A WEARER OF A JANEU TILL SIKHS CALLING SELF AS A THREAT OF A KNIFING TILL DEATH IF DOES NOT TAKE OFF IT BECAUSE OF SERIOUS ATYACHARS AS A HINDUS AS A SIKH ON.ATYACHARS WERE AS A SEXES THREE TILL DAILY ON EACH AND EVERY KANYA BE IT TWO YEARS OF AGE OR A THIRTY FORTY TILL NOT ONLY BUT A SEVENTY TOO.IN DELHI......UNDER ENGLAND AS A SEMEN BUILDINGS AS A HINDUS AS A FRONT AS A WE AS A TILL TILLORED AS A WE AS A GREAT PREACHER OF HINDUS AS A WE AS A GRANTH CARRYING ALL IT ONLY SAID TOO TO BE AGAINST THEY.BY THEY THE ONES SAYING WE SIKHS WILL KILL YOU FOR WRITING THE GRANTH AS A HINDU.MISTER IKKI WAS THE CAUSER OF ALL THIS AS A DHAN OURS AS A WE AS A SHORT BE WITH A SINGLE AIM IT SO I ONCOMING SO ROTATED LIFE THEY BE IN DOING WHAT THEY HAD BEEN DOING YOU IN DOING WHAT YOU DID AS A WESTERNER OR CHINESE OR JAPANESE OR A BRAZILIAN OR AMERICAN OR ENGLISH TO POLATE YOU ENOUGH AND MAKE YOU RELAXED ENOUGH AS TO TAKE ON YOU ALL WHEN I FEEL I NO MORE WILL TOLERATE YOU..AND FIX YOU AS A NUT BOLT WE BY INVENTED AS A SARDAR SAHIB AS A OURS AS A MISTER M.S.KOHLII THE PRIME INVENTOR THAT GAVE YOU ELECTRICAL,GAS AND ALL OTHER WELDINGS TOO,SPARK PLUGS TOO BIGEON PINS TOO IN THE POLATION OF A ROTATES AS A THEY BE TO LUBRICATEDLY RUNNING LIFE SUBSTANCES AS A SOURCER RESOURCER AS A NATURE MOTHER EARTH OF A DISTILLED SUBSTANCES AS A OBSERVER OF HIGHEST MERIT AS TO BE GOD TO YOU ALL ESPECIALLY THE GIRLS ALL OF THE EARTH..WHOSE EVERY INCH OF LIFE IS FILLED BY HE THE MAKER OF YOUR BINDI TOO OF TEN TOUSAND AS A VARIABLES AS A CHARMS AS A ONE WIFE FOR TO BE CHARMIS TO HER HUSBAND SO IT THE BANGLES OF THE PLASDTICS,GLASSES,SILVER,GOLD,ROLLED GOLD --HIS INVENTION OF GOLD LIKE SUBSTANCE SHINING TOO TO BE A NOT ATTRACTIVE TO CHAIN SNATCHER BUT EQUALLY GOOD LOOKING TO ANY WITHIN A PURSE OF THE LOWEST EARNS AS A COMMON TILL....YOUR SOFAS OF ALL STEEL,WOOD,SO TOO BEDS,FROM CEMENTS TILL PLASTER OF PARIS THROUGH LIME AS A THIRTY THOUSAND NOT THREE NOT IT...BRICKS OF ALL SIZES HIS MADE AS A ARE WERE ALL THE TIME SINCE NINETEEN FIFTY THREE NOT FIFTY NOT TOO FORTY NINE NOT TOO EIGHT TILL ILLING THE THEY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF THE GOVERNMENT TOO IN THE THEY SAYING TILL WHEN YOU ENGINEER WILL WE.WE SEE DID HE DOING IT FOR ALL THE MANUFACTURERS LIKE CHILDREN TOYS AS A SWIFT AS A IDEAS AS A WE AS A WERE TEN THOUSANDS.THE DELHI WE DEVELOPED AS A WE AS A ALL ALONE AS AWE AS A FROM THE DATE OF THE WE AS GIVING THE FREEDOM HOW BUT ERLIER AS THE WE AS A DEVELOPMENT OF THE LEAF SPRING AND A CARIERS FOR ALL.ON THE HUNDRED TWENTIETH DAY OF LIFE AS A TINY TODDLER SIX AS A INCH HIGH THOUGH BUT TALKING WALKING.WATER WE STARTED WE AS A DIVERTY AS GOING INTO WHY A SINGLE WERE IN FEELING LIFE ON EARTH AS A HUNGRY MOUTHS TO FEED.UNITED NATIONS WAS CORRECT IN NOT GIVING HIS INVENTIONS OF HIGHEST CAPITALISABILITY IN THIS WORLD TO ANY WITHOUT AN EVALUATION AND FIXING EXCHANGE PARAMETERS----THOUGH PUT THIRTY TIMES LOWER AS A WE AS A WERE.A SINGLE INVENTION IF WOULD HAVE BEEN SOLD AS A ROYAL AS A NOT BUT ON ROYALTY AS WERE AS A HUNDRED TWENTY AFTER WE IT WERE WE AS A DRY NOT SLAVER NOT.NOR IT'S TIME OR AGE WERE TO BE.WE TARE IS.TEN PERCENT IT ALLOWED TO THOSE AS A WE TO IN THE CATAGORY BRICK MAKING A MERE THREE AS A PERCENT TOO WERE NOT AS A OUR APPLICATIONS AS A GOT BY THE ENGLAND WERE.TWO PERCENT WERE GIVEN.SO WAS IN THE ROAD MAKING.HAD IT BEEN TEN PERCENT OUR SINGLE INVENTION AS A ELECTRIC GENERATOR USED THROUGHOUT THE WORLD TILL TODAY WOULD HAVE GOT WE EXACTLY 67890 OCTILLION.........WE ACCUSE ENGLAND OF CORNERING WE AS IT WERE IN KNOW OF THE TOTAL BEHAVIOUR OF ALL IN THE BEING THE LEADER OF THE AGGRESSIVES ASA ALL IN THE THIS AGGRESSIVE WORLD OF DACOITS WHO SAW TO IT THAT HIS VALUABLE PRODUCE OF HUNDRED TWENTY LAKH TIMES THE FIGURE I PUT AS EXACT OUR ROYALTY FROM ONE ELECTRIC GENERATION IN WHICH WE AS A THIRTY FOUR AS A INVENTIONS ENTERED BY WE WERE OVER THE EDISONIAN AS A NON WORKING INVENTION. WE CITE SALE OF EDISON COMPANY OF THE ELECTRICITY IN USA AND OTHERS AS A POINT WE PUT HERE AS A WE AS A POINT--------IT WERE A TOTAL OF THIRTY THREE MILLION AS A TIMES AS A ALL.FROM NINETEEN TWELVE AS A SAID NOW FICTITIOUSLY BUT IT STARTED IN THE YEAR NINETEEN FORTY SEVEN TILL HAD A SEEM AS A IN THE TOWN OF THE EDINBURGH IN TEN POUND AS A FIGURES AS A WE AS A QUEEN ELI ONE AS A SAY NOW WE SAW IT NOTHING-----IN ENGLAND STILL NONE IS IN THE COMPANY IN THE SUMP.
WATER FEEL WE GAVE TO HE WE AS A TOY.IN CITY OF DACOITS AS A WATER POISONED WERE THRICE ALWAYS REPORTED AS A HE BEING MOST TASTE.THREE MILLION TIMES AS A COMMON PALATE OF A COMMON WOMAN.HE WE SAY IS THE ALL THAT YOU EAT IN THE FIVE STAR TILL WE HAVE A HOLDING AS A FIFTY PERCENT IN ALL ON OUR LAND PER WE AS A CHARGE AS A SOLE LANDOWNER SO FIXED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE UNITED NATIONS AFTER A DISCISSIONS THIRTY.SO ALL FACTORIES COUNTRIES AS A TOO APPLICABLE WERE BUT NONE HAS PAID A PENNY TO OUR CHILD AS A JUSTIN AS A DOING HIS DUTY AS A GOD OF EARTH GIVING THE EARTH FEEL AS A OUTSOURCER OURS AS A MOTHER NATURE. WE ASK NOW OURS ALL.FROM ALL.ONLY USA AS A PAYMENT OF FORTEEN FORTY HEP WE FIXED UP SEEING IMMINENT TAKING OF IT BY MISTER AMIT SHAH AS A SISTERS AS A SHRI MODI.AS DID WE IN TWO DACOITY ON WE WE BY BROUGHT TOO IN THE WORDPRESS AS A WE AS A WRITINGS AS A CONFORM IN HERE WE CONFIRM SAME AS A REPORTS AS.
DESPITE WE AS A VERY MANY UPBRINGING EFFORTS WE HAVE NOT BEEN ABLE TO STOP ENTRY OF OUTSIDERS INTO THE U.N. BUILDINGS AS A VERY VERY UNPROTECTED AS A STRUCTURES INFILTRATED BY TWENTY THOUSAND MEN TWELVE THOUSAND WOMEN NEVER ALLOCATED A JOB IN A REGULAR SELECTION OR A JOB ADVERTISEMENT-------------AS A VERY VERY ALARMING AS A WE TO ACTIVITY IN WHICH WE FEEL YOU EARTH HAVE LOST THE UNITED NATIONS.
WE CITE HEREUNDER A CASE HUNDRED FORTY .OF THE PAIN IN THE RIB GIVEN SPECIFICALLY TOO TO THE WOMEN NOT MEN THAT HAD SOWN SEEDS AS AT ONE SIXTEEN P.M. TODAY THE ELEVENTH OF JUNE OF THE TWO THOUSAND EIGHTEEN.THEY ARE TWELVE THOUSAND.COMBED EXCUTIVELY BY OUR EXACTING OFFICERS OF THE DEPARTMENTS MADE BY WE THE COSMOS HANDLERS.THE GOD WE OF THE UNIVERSE AS.AS YOU AS A NONE.POLICE WE.OFFICERS WE.GENERALS WE.NATO IN TWELVE THOUSANDS.IN POLICE INDIA AS A SIX TWELVE AS A THOUSANDS IN THE THEY AS A SENT TO IT IS AS A WE AS A STRIVERS AS A TO BE OR OTHERWISE WE KEEP INCREASING THE PAINS AS A REMINDERS AS AS A WELL TESTED METHOD.IN THE RUSSIA PUTIN NOT BUT TOO IN THE ABSENCE OF THE CORRECT POSTURING.OTHER ALL.TILL GEORGIA IF THEY DO NOT GIVE WE OUR LYDMILA IN GOOD HEALTH TO BE SEEING HER AND ASKING HER WELFARE.WE REMIND SHE WERE HERE WE AS A MARRIAGE IN INTERTESTED AS A PROPOSER WE TO THE WE AS A SADR AS A INTRODUCED WHEN THE A.S. BRAR AS TO EXCITED BE IN SEXING HER THIRTY SIX THOUSANDS OF TIMES IF POSSIBLE AS BECOMES TO WOMEN IN POLICE CUSTODY TILL.THEY RAPED HER THIRTY MEN AS A TWELVE MONTHS WE SO IN GIVE HE WE AS A SERVANT SO A MILD NOT SEVERE PAINS AS A WE TO DECEIVERS AS AS A WE OF THE WHOLE WEALTH TAKER LEAVING WE IN THE LURCH NOT ONLY BUT IN THE LURE OF A JOB ENOUGH TO FEED OUR TWO AS A ASS AS A STRATEGY TO WREST AWAY ALL OF A VERY VERY TALENTED AND TELL HE HE EARNED NOTHING EVER IN LIFE WHILE TAKING HIS MULTIPLE BILLIONS AS A FUNDS AS A WE AS A WERE AS A OIL IN ALL DEVELOPMENTS OF EXCAVATION IN THE EARTH TOO AS THE FIFTY PERCENT SHARE SUGGESTED BY THE U.N. TO ALL OIL EXCAVATORS AS A OUR JUSTICE IN SHARE AS A ONE WHO PURCHASED THE RIGHTS AS A EARTH OWNERS AS FROM ALL THE DEFEATED OR SLAVE COUNTRIES TOO AND THE CONTROLLERS OF THE LAND OF THE PLANET CLEARLY IN EXCHANGES GIVING EXACT TWELVE BILLION TIMES THE CURRENT VALUE PEGGED BY WE ME THE SUPREME JUSTICE GIVER AS A NINE NEUNTILLIONS AS A VERY MANY MAGNATES AS A PROPERTY STEALERS AS A ARE IN THE IT AS A WE AS A RELATIVES COMING IN THE SAY WE REPRESENT HE WE DO NOT GIVE A DUCK.THE REAL VALUE WE GIVE ARE A TELLTALE AS A NONE.OVER ABOVE ALL MONEYS.NO RIGHT TO SELL ANY ANY.THE WE ANALYSE HERE WE AS A POINT THIS TOO IN THE WE AS A OUTSOURCING THE WE BOUGHT BY ANYS AS A GRAPHICALITY. : THE RUSSIA AS A USSR TOO SINCE OUR PURCHASE TOOK OUT MINERAL OIL AS A WE AS A OF THE SALE IT INSIDE AS A THIRTY FIVE THOUSAND BILLION AT A PRICE LOWER THAN INDIA AS A SEVEN THOUSAND FIFTY HUNDRED SEVENTY NINE.AS A WE ME ARRIVALS AS A DONE BY THE THEY THE JUSTICE .JUSTICE HOEING TO THE SKY AS.THROWING IT IN THE BIN.WE SO IN PUT THE WE SAY IN THE OTHER HOW. THE ACTUAL VALUE SOLD IS A TERMINOLOGY NOW AS A WE AS A MISTER M.S.KOHLII BY RIGHTLY OPPOSED TO THE C.I.A. AS A NAMED INSTITUTE NOT BUT TO THE GENERAL MANAGER IT'S AS A SLIGHTLY CINNED NOT BUT TWENTY DROPS OF THIRTY PERCENT THROWN ON HE TEN MINUTES LATER HOW BUT WAS AS A SEPOY NOTED EXACTLY HIS STATEMENT SIGNED BY HE COLLAPSING..............FOR THE LEGALITIES AS A SOLE LANDOWNER THE OWNER OF THE THEIR LAND INDIA TOO IN THE JUSTICE SYSTEM WEND.AS IS..AS A WE AS A SYSTEM AS SAID FALSE COMPLETE SO IN I GIVE THEY ALL THE STRAIN OF THE MILLION SUNS.ESPECIALLY TO THE OTHER NOT ALL THOSE WE SEE DOING A REPRESENT..IN THE WE TO A DECEIT. SO WE MOVE TO ALL IN THE PLANET IN THE THEY DOING EXACT.
A EXPLANATION OF THE ABOVE THREE THIRTY LINE WORK NOT BUT TOO IN THE MIND OF THE SCIENTIST WERE.BUT WERE RECORDED BY WE ONLY.YOUR EARTH AS A THANKS NOT WERE BUT THE BENEFITS WERE TAKEN WITHOUT A MUR.SO THIS EARTH TO WE GIVE A RANGE OF THE CHEMICALITY.CHARGING IT PENALITY.AT PLACES YOU WILL SEE IT.LEAVE IT OR TAKE IT CHOICE BE PER FATE.MANY ARE IN THE TOUCHING OR DAMAGING ME MY WRITTEN.I GIVE THEM NAUSEA.AT TWO SIXTEEN P.M. TODAY FROM TILL END AS A WAY OF THE OUR BLESSES.COUNTER YOU TRY WE INCREASE.YOU ENJOY AS YOU MAKE WE ENJOY.LET WE BE LIFE LIKE.
MALAWINDAR SINGH KOHLII WATCHED IN THE UNIVERSITY AND ELSEWHERE CAUSED BY HIM THE FOUNTAINS MADE BY HIM IN THE CUT CANISTERS TOO BUT IN THE GALVANISED IRON A INVENT OF HIS IN THE MEHRAULI IN THE DATE TERAH NOTED ON A PLAIN PAPER IN THE COURT OF THE UNJION AND REMOVED BY A VERY JEALOUS STUPID FOOL K.K.PAUL .
THE BEHAVIOUR WERE DIFERENT .IT THE EXACT AMOUNTS GIVEN FAR SUPERIOR. SO STARTED EXPERIMENTATION NEXT IN THE UNIVERSITY,HIS HOUSE, IN THE ROSE GARDEN CHANDIGARH UNDER HIS GAZE ,,AS A VERY MANY EXPERIMENTS SECRETIVELY NOT BUT TOO IN THE WE SEEN IS ASCRIBED TO A ANOTHER NOT HIM IN THE UNIVERSITY PWD DEPARTMENT IN THE REGISTER AS A NEW INVENT.THE EXPERIMENTS HE DID WERE TWO THOUSAND BEFORE GOING IN FOR THE NEXT VARIETY OF THE EXPERIMENTS FROM THE TWO OF THE TWELVE OF HIS AGE STARTING WERE IN THE DELHI TOO IN THE MEHRAULI TOO IN THE QUTUB IN ASSOCIATION NOT DUE SUGGESTIONS GIVEN AS A RECORDED BY THE INDIRA GANDHI SYNDICATE HOW.INDIA AS A CULTURED AS A POORESTS AS A COUNTRY WERE IS PROVED BY THE THIS BEHAVIOURS AS A NON RECORDING THE VERY MANY EXPERIMENTS OF A DOYAN AS A EXPERIMENTORS AS A MISTER M.S.KOHLII THE MAN WHO GOT THEM FREEDOM FROM FOREIGN RULE BY GIVING THEM FREEDOM TO BE DEMOCRATICALLY BEHAVING CALLING THE SHOT OVER AND ABOVE THE MAN WHO PURCHASED THE LAND OF THE WORLD TOO IN WHICH THE INDIA IS ONLY A THOUSANDTH PART BUT IT STOPPED HIS INVESTMENT GIVING FREEDOMS ON IT'S OWN EVEN AFTER THEY HAD KNOWN HIS CYANIDINGS WERE BY A TORCHERERS GANG OF THE WITCH DOCTOR THE YADWINDER
BABA PAL AS A MISTER JOGINDER KAUR AS A PRACTICING WOMEN WOMENHOOD AS A PRESCRIBED PROFESSION TO THEY PRESCRIBED BY THE POLICE AND THEY POISONED SHE HIS MOTHER WOMEN BEING MOST DESPICABLE IN THE JANUARY OF THE NINETEEN FORTY EIGHT UNDER ORDERS OF J.L. NEHRU A CRIMER WITH THE WE WEMEN. WE SAW HE SEX HER IN CUSTODY TWO THIRTY TIMES AS A STATEMENT OF THE GANG A.S. BRAR.
THEIR MEMORY AND SPREAD RELIGION BE STOPPED FOR EVER AS THERE TOO NO GURU GOBIND SING OR RAI EXISTED AS HINDUS ARE SAYING WERE THE RECORTS AS A PROVEN.THESE AS A POLICE RECORDS AS A TOO EXIST BUT A JEALOUS AS A FASTESTS AS A JAMES-BONDING TYPE SAY IN THAT HE FOUND A CRIMINAL REPLACED THE GODLY FAMILY TO TAKE AWAY THEIR PROPERTY WITH HIS MOTHER AS A WITCH DOCTORS AS A THREE AS A POTENT BUT WITH TWO MEN INCURSED BY THEY THE OBSERVANT OF THE GEEN/GANGS AS A TWELVE MADE MOVING AROUND WOMEN IN THE DAY TO SELECT A ANY TO ASK FOR A TEA TOGETHER IN THE THEIR DRUG AS A SPRAYED OR FLASHED WITH FLASHERS AS THEY DID WITHOUT NOTICE BY THESE WOMEN TOO NOT BUT TOO IN THE DESIRE .
Methodology: Today on a lark, I went out photographing taking only my old 6mp Nikon D100. Wanted to see if it could still make some good photographs. The experiment produced very mixed results. When you get to the point of relying on advanced AE and AF features, their absence makes a big difference.
This one turned out to be one of the better results.
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Nikon D100. Nikkor 105mm VR Micro lens. Kenko 2X Teleconverter. 1/500th @ f/11. ISO 200. WB = auto. EV = 0. 9 point AF. Photographed June 29, 2010 at the Alliant / Cedar Lake Lagoon.
www.phaselis.org/en/about/about-project
Phaselis Research
Phaselis
When compared with the previous period of research on the history of the city over the past quarter century it has undergone radical changes. While modern scientists follow the path of their predecessors in collecting data through systematic processes and methodically analysing them, they change the route whereby they approach the city as a context- and a process-oriented structure, having economic, social, cultural, political and environmental dimensions which come together at different levels.
This considerably more inclusive definition expands the discipline concerning the city’s historical research, which consists of archaeology, epigraphy, ancient history and the other ancillary sciences and it encourages scientists from the natural and health sciences to participate within these studies. This is because in the course of the exploration of an ancient settlement the study of both the environment and the ecological setting which make human life possible; together with health issues, such as diet and epidemics, form the context within which human beings live, and which are thereby as important as the human actors.
Within the context of the planned Phaselis Research, even certain knowledge such as the settlement’s appearing on the stage of history as a favorite break-point with its three natural harbours, it being famous for its roses, the frequent seismic upheavals at sea and on its shores and its citizens leaving their homes because of a devastating malaria epidemic suggest the necessity of the application of this multi-dimensional research methodology in order to understand more fully the historical adventure of this city.
By presenting this research project, we aim to implement and realize this multi-dimensional research method, which as yet lacks widespread application in the field in our country, however conceptually and practically with a multi-disciplinary research team consisting of both national and international scientists, we intend to register systematically every kind of data/information regarding all contexts of the city employing modern methods and to present the results to the scientific world in the form of regular reports and monographic studies, thus forming a strong tie between past and future research.
Phaselis Territorium
The boundaries of the ancient city of Phaselis’ territorium are today within the administrative borders of the township of Tekirova, in Kemer District, determined from the archaeological, epigraphic and historical-geographical evidence, reaching the Gökdere valley to the north, continue on a line drawn from Üç Adalar to Mount Tahtalı to the south and extend along the Çandır valley to the west.
Phaselis was discovered in 1811-1812 by Captain F. Beaufort during his work of charting the southern coastline of Asia Minor for the British Royal Navy. Beaufort drew Phaselis’ plan and in the course of conducting his cartographic studies, he saw the word Φασηλίτης ethnikon on the inscriptions and consequently identified these ruins with Phaselis. C. R. Cockerell, the English architect, archaeologist and author came to Phaselis by ship and met Beaufort there. Then in 1838 C. Fellows, the English archaeologist visited the city. He found the fragments of the dedicatory inscription over the monumental gate built in honour of the Emperor Hadrianus and mistakenly thought the Imperial Period main street was the stadion due to the seats-steps on either side of the street. In 1842 Lt. T. A. B. Spratt, the English hydrographer and geographer, and the Rev. E. Forbes, the naturalist came to Phaselis via the Olympos and Khimaira routes. Due to the fact that they all came by sea and they only stayed for a short time, their descriptions of the topography inland are without detailed and there are serious errors in orientation.
PhaselisThose researchers who visited Phaselis between the late 19th and the early 20th centuries concentrated primarily upon the discovery of inscriptions. In 1881-1882 while the Austrian archaeologist and the epigraphist O. Benndorf, the founder of the Austrian Archaeological Institute, and his team were conducting research in southwestern Asia Minor, they examined Phaselis. In the winter of 1883 and 1884 F. von Luschan from the Austrian team took the first photographs which provide information concerning the regional features of Phaselis’ shoreline. In the same year the French scientist V. Bérard also visited Phaselis. In 1892 the members of the Austrian research team, O. Benndorf, E. Kalinka and their colleagues continued their architectural, archaeological and epigraphical studies in Phaselis. In 1904 they were followed by D. G. Hogarth, R. Norton and A. W. van Buren from the British research team. In 1908 the Austrian classical philologist E. Kalinka visited the settlement again, collected epigraphic documents and conducted research on the history of city (published in TAM II in 1944). The Italian researchers R. Paribeni and P. Romanelli visited Phaselis in1913 and C. Anti in 1921. Anti returned to Antalya overland and in consequence discovered several epigraphs and the ruins of structures within the territorium of Phaselis.
Further archaeological, epigraphical and historical-geographical studies of Phaselis were conducted by the English researchers F. M. Stark and G. Bean, who came to the region after World War II. In 1968 H. Schläger, the German architect and underwater archaeologist began exploring the topographical and architectural structures of Phaselis’s harbours. After Schläger’s death in 1969, the research was conducted under the leadership of the archaeologist J. Schäfer in 1970. H. Schläger, J. Schäfer and their colleagues obtained important data concerning the architecture and history of Phaselis through the surface exploration of the city and its periphery. Following the excavations conducted along the main axial street of the city, in 1980 under the direction of Kayhan Dörtlük, the then Director of the Antalya Museum and between 1981-1985 under the leadership of the archaeologist Cevdet Bayburtluoğlu; underwater exploration was carried out in the South Harbour under the direction of Metin Pehlivaner, the then Director of the Antalya Museum.
For some thoughts on the Panasonic S1R and my ad hoc "test methodology", please click the image below.
I took test shots with four M-lenses with a Panasonic S1R: Leica 21mm, 28mm and 50mm Summilux and Zeiss 35mm Distagon ZM, all f/1.4 lenses, all at f/1.4. This is one of the test shots uploaded to Flickr.
All these are actual pixels at 100% magnification in Capture One. Most of these zoomed in views are from the corners. The panel on the right shows the stream of shots in full frame, with the current frame highlighted.
The in-camera JPEG processing is quite mediocre – it is easy to see posterization effects. But having used other Panasonic Lumix cameras in the past, I have no doubt that the raw files will be far superior.
Net-net, I am very impressed with the 35 Distagon and very pleased with how well it works with the Panasonic S1R.
For some thoughts on the Panasonic S1R and my ad hoc "test methodology", please click the top image below.
I took test shots with four M-lenses with a Panasonic S1R: Leica 21mm, 28mm and 50mm Summilux and Zeiss 35mm Distagon ZM, all f/1.4 lenses, all at f/1.4. This is one of the test shots uploaded to Flickr.
All these are actual pixels at 100% magnification in Capture One. Most of these zoomed in views are from the corners. The panel on the right shows the stream of shots in full frame, with the current frame highlighted.
The in-camera JPEG processing is quite mediocre – it is easy to see posterization effects. But having used other Panasonic Lumix cameras in the past, I have no doubt that the raw files will be far superior.
For this shot, I realized later that I had the camera at an odd angle, and not quite square with the model. So her head is slightly skewed, but the goal with this was to see the corner sharpness.
This is very impressive! I don't think the designers of this lens ever had a chance to test it on a whopping 47 MP sensor! The most they would have tested it on would have been 24 MP. My guess is, the designers of this lens must have felt very pleased with themselves when they first saw 47MP images from this lens.
Each coloured post-it belongs to a different person in the family.
Column 1 - 'List' - items that is to be done (also called the backlog)
Column 2 - 'Doing' - items of things to do that are now being done, not yet complete
Column 3 - 'Done' - the items that are done/complete.
At the end of the week when we discuss our Kanban we remove these items and add new ones to the 'List' column for the following week.
'Rules':
1. Items cannot be moved in reverse
2. Items are stuck on the board in order of priority - most important near the top
3. Only the person owning the item can stick the post-it on the board
4. Only the person owning the item can move the item to the right and remove it from the Kanban
5. Where possible each member of the family meet at the board to discuss their items, how there're progressing and add/move any items around the board.
200 Hour yoga teacher training course in Rishikesh India is taught by an experienced and best-certified yoga teachers team from Rishikesh, who provide personalized attention to each student. The curriculum includes in-depth knowledge of traditional Hatha yoga and Ashtanga vinyasa yoga, asana body alignment and adjustment techniques, yogic anatomy and physiology, yoga philosophy, teaching methodology, mantra, pranayama, and ethics for yoga teachers.
In addition, the course offers training in Ayurveda, the traditional Indian system of medicine, which helps students understand the relationship between yoga and Ayurveda, and how to use Ayurvedic principles to create personalized yoga practices for their students.
The course duration of 200-hour yoga teacher training at Yoga Om Shanti Om Yoga Ashram is typically 25 days. Upon completion of the course, students will receive a 200-hour Yoga Alliance certification, which enables the glorious opportunity to register as registered themself to become RYT-200 and be able to teach yoga worldwide.
The course has multiple aims and objectives, which include:
» Develop a daily practice of kriyas, asanas, pranayama, bandha, mudras, and dhyana.
» Delve deeper into Yoga Anatomy and Physiology.
» Introduction to Structural Yoga Therapy.
» Study philosophy from the classical treatises of Yoga (Bhagavad Gita, Patanjali Yoga Sutras, Hathayoga Pradipika, Gheranda Samhita, and the Upanishads).
» Introduction to Ayurveda and Marma Points.
» Design and teach a 90-minute asana class to your peers which incorporates these components.
» Plan and teach a 30-minute presentation to your peers regarding yoga-related topics (i.e., Yoga Nidra, Ayurveda, yogic diet, anatomy, physiology, chakras, philosophy, mudras, Mantra Chanting & Keertan, etc.)
»To provide a comprehensive understanding of yoga philosophy, including the history, theory, and concepts of yoga.
To teach students the techniques and principles of Hatha and Ashtanga yoga, including asanas, pranayama, meditation, and relaxation techniques.
»To provide knowledge of human anatomy and physiology as it pertains to yoga practice, including common injuries and how to avoid them.
»To teach students the principles of alignment and adjustment, including how to modify yoga poses to meet the individual needs of students.
»To provide training in teaching methodology, including sequencing, class planning, and teaching techniques.
»To teach students the importance of ethical behavior and professionalism in the field of yoga teaching.
»To provide training in Ayurveda, including the principles of Ayurvedic medicine and how it relates to yoga practice.
»To provide a safe and supportive learning environment for students to deepen their own yoga practice and gain confidence in teaching others.
»To prepare students to become certified yoga teachers through the Yoga Alliance, enabling them to teach yoga worldwide.
»To make you a proficient and confident yoga teacher, under the guidelines of Yoga Alliance, USA.
WHAT DO THE COURSE FEES INCLUDE?
» Daily nutritious vegetarian meals, detox juices, and teas
» Weekend excursions
» yoga material ( books, yoga t-shirts, ayurvedic body massage, etc)
» One the Himalayas sightseeing trip
» Private accommodation
Quick Link
Yoga Teacher Traning Course in Rishikesh,India, 100 Hours Yoga Teacher Traning in Rishikesh,India, 200 Hours Yoga Teacher Traning in Rishikesh,India, 300 Hours Yoga Teacher Traning in Rishikesh,India,, 500 Hours Yoga Teacher Traning in Rishikesh,India,
3 Days Yoga Retreats in Rishikesh, India, 5 Days Yoga Retreats in Rishikesh, India, 7 Days Yoga Retreats in Rishikesh, India, 10 Days Yoga Retreats in Rishikesh, India
I started a blog to better describe the features and methodology of my larger Technic creations.
Feel free to check it out at Thirdwigg.com, where you can read more about this truck.
Video is here, and make sure to subscribe to my channel.
Disclaimer: I am someone who enjoys photography, not a professional photographic scientist, to whom some of my methodology would make cringe. However, these findings are good enough to be illuminating to me and others interested in the performance of the Pentacon Six Carl Zeiss Jena Sonnar 180mm f/2.8 and the Arsat 2X K-6B Teleconverter.
Canon EOS Elan 7E. Evaluative metering with +2 stops exposure compensation, tripod, MLU, 10 second timer. Pentacon Six to EOS glassless adapter. Test target shot near minimum focus distance of 1.7 meters without teleconverter, and roughly double that with teleconverter.
Frame Aperture Shutter Speed
22 TC f/2.8 1/30
23 TC f/4 1/15
24 TC f/5.6 1/8
25 TC f/8 1/4
26 f/2.8 1/125
27 f/4 1/60
28 f/5.6 1/30
29 f/8 1/15
5% added to all LP/MM values due to negatives including 5% extra outside of test chart. Limitation of viewfinder.
Kodak Vision 250D film used @400. Cinestill C-41 kit, developer 5 minutes 37C, blix 8 minutes.
Note that "True Megapixel" values will seem low because digital cameras don't really resolve true detail between every pixel. In other words you can't shoot 3000 white and 3000 black lines on a digital camera that has 6000 pixels on the long side and be able to tell the lines apart. The megapixel counts of digital cameras are very inflated as far as resolution goes. You need about 3 true megapixels to make a good 9x6 print and about 8 true megapixels to make a good 15x10 print for the purpose of this analysis. Don't try to compare it to the rated pixel counts of digital cameras.
Note that LP/MM values are the limits using my particular setup, not necessarily the upper limit of the lens itself.
No digital sharpening was applied at any point in these comparisons. You could possibly improve these numbers by adding some, but I just don't like the look of digital sharpening.
These results are from the center of the frame, but in my previous testing the Sonnar maintains great resolution right to the edge of a 6x6 frame. The teleconverter only drops in resolution on the extreme edge of a 6x6, the part you might accidentally crop off, so it's pretty good too.
Crops shown are the center 4 megapixels of 36-megapixel full frame images. You need to view them at 200% to observe the line pairs.
Epson 4490 @2400dpi (increasing beyond this dpi does not improve resolution)
True for all apertures with and without teleconverter.
Adjusted LP/MM: 28
True Megapixels (36x24mm): 2.7
True Megapixels (56x41mm): 7.2
True Megapixels (56x56mm): 9.8
Pentax K-1 50mm f/2.8 macro pixel shift digitization results:
f/2.8
No Teleconverter
Horizontal Lines Per Picture Height: 18.5
Vertical Lines Per Picture Height: 19.5
Horizontal Adjusted LP/MM: 40
Vertical Adjusted LP/MM: 43
True Megapixels (36x24mm): 5.9
True Megapixels (56x41mm, stitched frames): 16
True Megapixels (56x56mm, stitched frames): 22
With Teleconverter
Horizontal Lines Per Picture Height: 12.5
Vertical Lines Per Picture Height: 14.5
Horizontal Adjusted LP/MM: 27
Vertical Adjusted LP/MM: 32
True Megapixels (36x24mm): 3
True Megapixels (56x41mm, stitched frames): 8
True Megapixels (56x56mm, stitched frames): 11
Notes: Teleconverter images perfectly usable wide open, if intent on 35mm is prints 10 inches or smaller, or intent on 56mm is prints 16 inches or smaller. For teleconverter, wide open result is same resolution on Epson vs. DSLR digitization and no advantage is gained. Without teleconverter, significant resolution is gained from DSLR digitization.
f/4
No Teleconverter
Horizontal Lines Per Picture Height: 19.5
Vertical Lines Per Picture Height: 20
Horizontal Adjusted LP/MM: 43
Vertical Adjusted LP/MM: 44
True Megapixels (36x24mm): 6.5
True Megapixels (56x41mm, stitched frames): 17
True Megapixels (56x56mm, stitched frames): 24
With Teleconverter
Horizontal Lines Per Picture Height: 14.5
Vertical Lines Per Picture Height: 17.5
Horizontal Adjusted LP/MM: 32
Vertical Adjusted LP/MM: 38
True Megapixels (36x24mm): 4.2
True Megapixels (56x41mm, stitched frames): 11
True Megapixels (56x56mm, stitched frames): 15
Notes: Not much difference between f/2.8 and f/4 when no teleconverter is used. Moderate difference when teleconverter used.
f/5.6
No Teleconverter
Horizontal Lines Per Picture Height: Over 20
Vertical Lines Per Picture Height: Over 20
Horizontal Adjusted LP/MM: Over 44
Vertical Adjusted LP/MM: Over 44
True Megapixels (36x24mm): Over 6.7
True Megapixels (56x41mm, stitched frames): Over 18
True Megapixels (56x56mm, stitched frames): Over 24
With Teleconverter
Horizontal Lines Per Picture Height: 17
Vertical Lines Per Picture Height: 20
Horizontal Adjusted LP/MM: 37
Vertical Adjusted LP/MM: 44
True Megapixels (36x24mm): 5.6
True Megapixels (56x41mm, stitched frames): 15
True Megapixels (56x56mm, stitched frames): 20
Notes: Highest number of fine lines resolved at f/5.6 with no teleconverter. Beyond the ability of my Pentax K-1 with 50mm macro lens at f/10 and pixel shift to pick up. At f/5.6 with teleconverter, it's about as sharp as f/2.8 without teleconverter.
f/8
No Teleconverter
Horizontal Lines Per Picture Height: 17
Vertical Lines Per Picture Height: 20+
Horizontal Adjusted LP/MM: 37
Vertical Adjusted LP/MM: Over 44
True Megapixels (36x24mm): Over 5.6
True Megapixels (56x41mm, stitched frames): Over 15
True Megapixels (56x56mm, stitched frames): Over 20
With Teleconverter
Horizontal Lines Per Picture Height: 14.5
Vertical Lines Per Picture Height: 20
Horizontal Adjusted LP/MM: 32
Vertical Adjusted LP/MM: 44
True Megapixels (36x24mm): 4.9
True Megapixels (56x41mm, stitched frames): 13
True Megapixels (56x56mm, stitched frames): 18
Notes: Even though f/8 has slightly less resolution than f/5.6, it appears to make the sharpest image to the human eye, probably from an increase in microcontrast from reduction in ghosting and flaring. Only on this aperture can I clearly see the fine texture of the paper in the black areas on the test target.
Conclusion: f/8 makes the image which appears to be most detailed, while f/5.6 contains the highest actual resolution. Wide open is perfectly usable for moderately sized prints. The lens is a little better at resolving vertical lines than horizontal ones. The teleconverter is not a huge disadvantage in resolution for such a good lens. The main disadvantage of the teleconverter is losing 3 stops of shutter speed while handholding. The Pentacon Six 180mm Sonnar is an excellent lens that is sharp enough to use with or without a teleconverter even on 35mm format, and is superb on medium format. If you can manage its weight and slow focusing, it's a more affordable alternative to buying a 200mm f/2.8 35mm lens, or 400mm f/5.6 lens.
Cuban amateur boxing system
Foreign influence contributed to the development of Cuban amateur boxing. Before Fidel Castro took power in 1959, Cuba’s achievements in amateur boxing were diminutive. Components of their boxing style were derived from American Professional Boxing. After the Revolution, Eastern European methodology replaced the American influences. Andrei Chervenko of the Soviet Union has trained Teofilo Stevenson and Europe’s Vasili Romanov has trained boxers as well.
The Cuban amateur boxing system along with other sports programs start in grammar schools. Sports are considered a high priority in the Cuban education system and its there a potential athlete can be recognized. From the age of 12, talented youths are sent to specialized schools where they can focus on enhancing their skills. From there the young boxers train throughout a very competitive youth program. The ones that graduate from the program are sent to the top school in Wajay, where they train advanced drills and exercises. The support that the state gives is crucial to the advancement of the highly technical boxing program.
Amateur boxer Teofilo Stevenson who had won three Olympic gold medals in (1972, 1976, and 1980) has made many contributions to Cuba and Cuban boxing. He is equally known for his sportsmanship, receiving the UNESCO Pierre de Coubertin Fair Play prize in 1989. After retiring in boxing in 1986 he has served both in the Cuban parliament and as a vice president of the Cuban Boxing Federation.
After a career of fighting for their country most Cubans continue to stay in the sport, many as administrators or trainers. Through this way the knowledge and experience is passed down to the next generation of athletes. Source: Wikipedia (Please note: given the dates on the footnotes, it is very possible that this information is out of date and needs to be updated.)
The above graph appeared on Reddit in early 2021.
The source quoted was MediaCloud.org/Alan Austin - Source Media Cloud, Australian Office of Financial Management.
The above graph was prepared by Media Cloud, an international independent media research organization. It graphically depicts the partisan impact of main stream media in influencing public perceptions, therefore the course of political debate in Australia. It would be most interesting to see similar research done calling out the partisan role of MSM in manipulating public opinion on other issues within our society. Media Cloud does have methodology which can make this happen.
The graph prompted me to record my own perceptions of where Australia has come from since the vested interests of the mainstream media colluded with the Abbott LNP opposition from 2007 to 2013 to bring down the Rudd Gillard Rudd Labor governments.
Australia subsequently, under 3 LNP Prime Ministers, has suffered enormously, environmentally, socially and financially, following 9 years of what many experts believe is the most ideologically driven, inept, self-serving and corrupt governance Australians have endured since federation in 1901.
When Tony Abbott was elected in 2013 he rode into government on a wave of media hype styled to present the LNP as stronger on borders and as superior economic managers.
The overwhelming evidence now is that, that campaign, mainly perpetrated by the Murdoch Media and other vested interest right wing aligned media organisations, unrelentingly and very effectively focussed on government debt between 2007 and 2013, particularly during the period Labor was tasked with dealing with the Global financial crisis.
With the aid of a compliant media the Abbott opposition used attack, distraction and misinformation to deflect from critically assessing the record of the preceding Howard Government who had squandered the huge profits of the mining boom and who failed to invest heavily in Australian infrastructure when the opportunity presented.
The Rudd/Gillard Labor Governments from 2007 to 2013 were viciously pilloried at every post by the mainstream media, particularly the Murdoch newspapers and particularly about the level of national debt. This was despite Labor successfully negotiating the GFC with one of the best performing economies in the world.
Politics in Australia sank to new lows during the Abbott years, steadied under Turnbull and has gone rogue under Morrison.
Nine years of LNP government has accomplished very little for average Australians. Our health system has been progressively white anted, the NBN was made a political football and is now costing much more to bring it up to speed than would have been the case under the former FTTH model. Climate Change and renewables policy has been the bane of several prime ministers, mainly because big polluters have bought government policy, in some cases they even wrote it for the government.
Successive LNP governments since 2013 have been in turmoil with one scandal after another while at the same time the extreme right of the LNP began to gain control at every step of the implementation of the government's agenda.
Despite the best efforts of the MSM to conceal the reality, debt has run out of control, with Australian debt passing the trillion dollar mark in 2020. The myth of LNP financial superiority, which the media has tried desperately to keep alive, has now been glaringly exposed, as Australia debt levels hurtled north, way beyond the debt levels of any previous National government. The other myth that's been exposed is that LNP Governments tax less than Labor Governments. The Morrison Government in 2020 became the highest taxing government in Australia's history but its who they tax and who they don't tax that causes the most pain for average Australians.
Australia's Debt Clock It's well worth scrolling down and taking some time to digest this information.
Openly hostile electoral tactics backed by MSM were successful in seeing the LNP's Tony Abbott elected in 2013 and even Labor power brokers conceded that Abbott, as an opposition leader, was indeed very effective.
Once in government many of the promises made by Abbott before the election were jettisoned and the LNP machine took over. Abbott's penchant for lying set him well apart from any previous Prime Minister although Morrison has taken it to another level during his tenure.
Since Abbott we have seen the impacts of the governments ideological belief in small government beginning with the removal of significant levels of regulation which had formerly protected Australians from corrupt processes. Privatisation of financially viable government authorities, selling them off to mates of the government who would return the favour by donating to the LNP. Attacking any government organisation that called the government to account or threatened their ideology. Stacking the judiciary with compliant judges, sacking bureaucrats and staff with long experience in the public service. Severely defunding the ABC and even calling into question the important role of science in leading Australia into the future. The ABC and the CSIRO and other environmental government organisations were threatened with change or be defunded and funding redirected to bodies ideologically in sinque with the government.
Tony Abbott was hell bent on maliciously reversing every part of the previous Labor governments legacy and ticking off the very public list of 100 objectives handed to the government by the Institute of Public Affairs (IPA), a right wing think tank.
Since the election of the LNP in 2013 the government and its successors have become increasingly electorally pragmatic and secretive, some say fascist in its tendencies. Attacking whistle blowers who expose corrupt ministerial behaviours. Bringing defamation cases against private citizens who dare criticise a minister. Protecting ministers alleged to have committed crimes. One could write a long list.
At the same time the government is restricting access to freedom of information processes and more and more power is being put in the hands of ministers to make decisions, or to over-ride legislated ones.
The government at the same time is becoming more targeted in attacking its critics, fine tuning legislation to allow these attacks to be effective. As they gradually organise themselves to deal with dissent the government is becoming more recognisably arrogant. No Morrison Government minister has been called to account despite numerous crises, crises that in any other government would see the minister stood down or replaced.
Pork barreling (corruption) has been taken to a whole new level by the Morrison Government and when challenged the government has dismissed the issue as just the accepted norm of governance. Former NSW Premier Gladys Berejiklian called it that way saying it's how politics works before she voluntarily resigned in late 2020 following allegations of having a secret affair with a former government minister who had been convicted of corrupt behavior.
After Abbott was unceremoniously dumped as Prime Minister his replacement, Malcolm Turnbull, a moderate, stood no chance of survival as big coal and oil poured millions into destabilizing any action on climate change.
Turnbull was thrown out in a coup led by Peter Dutton but the perverse politics of the LNP saw Scott Morrison somehow able to sneak in under him and, to Australia's great detriment, emerge as leader.
By 2018 the Australian public had become more educated about the divisive direction that the LNP and Scott Morrison were taking Australia but the vested interests of the main stream media stood up and united to ensure Labor leader Bill Shorten never got a look in in his campaign to become the first Labor leader since Kevin Rudd.
Of course, the intervention of Clive Palmer played a massive part in the re-election of Scott Morrison. It has been variously reported that coal mining magnate Clive Palmer and his backers contributed up to $87 million to the Palmer United Party in an effort to ensure that the LNP were re-elected. Palmer United, although they stood candidates in most seats, failed to win a single seat but their preferences, particularly in Queensland, swayed the result in favour of conservative parties. The fact that Palmer has a huge mine right alongside the much-maligned Adani Mine ready to go in Queensland of course had nothing to do with his massive spend. (sarcasm)
Morrison was narrowly returned as Prime Minister after the 2018 election and a chance for a more honest, egalitarian, compassionate and environmentally sustainable government slipped away.
Scandal after scandal, unbelievable levels of mounting government and household debt and glaring failures all along the way to deal effectively with climate change and with Australia's Covid 19 response mean the LNP's Scott Morrison will go to the polls again in early May 2022 as a likely underdog.
With more than 16 billion set aside by the LNP government to be handed out as inducements/bribes before the 2022 election the campaign is already shaping up to be one of the nastiest since the Abbott years, Morrison, a Trumpist, backed by big business, big polluters and the religious right arrogantly believes the country will support his re-election because 'God is on his side' as he proudly proclaimed after his 'miracle' win in the 2018 election.
His record on every front has been abysmal, pragmatic yes, but lazy nevertheless, inept, if not incompetent, and as many believe, brazenly corrupt.
It's to be hoped Australians finally see there is no future in retaining such scoundrels in Australia's parliament but given the partisan power of MSM it will be tough for Labor and change focused independents to win as the main stream media seeks to control the narrative. Clive Palmer, who still does not have approval for his Queensland mega coal mine, has promised that he will invest even more money in seeking to retain the Morrison Government. The $87 million spent in the 2018 election will pale into insignificance compared to what he and his backers will spend in 2022.
It's hard to imagine any mainstream newspaper not going along with Palmer's plan as the advertising revenue bonanza they will receive from him will be huge and will almost assuredly buy their political affiliations, and their editorials.
More than ever before Australian's need to educate and assert themselves and send a clear message that incompetent, if not corrupt governance will no longer be tolerated.
Lies, distraction and misinformation perpetrated by politicians and compliant main stream media journalists needs to be called out and while social media has played an increasingly effective role in doing that, one wonders how long it can continue to call the government to account. The governments tactics of threatening journalists and even private citizens with defamation and other legal sanctions are increasingly desperate as investigative journalists uncover much that the government seeks to keep under wraps. We've seen by its recent actions that the government is on the attack against social media as the effectiveness of its role in holding the government to account grows but this action is as much about protecting the governments media partners (News Limited) from commercial impacts as seen by the recent legislation aimed at reeling in Google, Facebook and Twitter.
Morrison went to the 2018 election promising a Royal Commission into the Banks but vigorously resisted it until it became impossible to defend their behaviour. He also promised a Corruption Royal Commission however its now clear he had no intention of doing so let alone making it retrospective and certainly not one that he cannot write the terms of reference for.
If politics in Australia is not to slide further into the abyss the 2022 federal election must bring about a change of government, either by a Labor win or, by a parliament where independents hold the balance of power.
Rex Patrick - Australian Independent Senator posted the following summation of Scott Morrison and the LNP on Twitter - 31.1.2022.
"If you spin, rort, cover-up, disrespect, don't enforce team standards, persecute whistleblowers, lack transparency, cause waste and ignore science, you will lose the trust of the electorate and you will lose the election."
PS. Rex Patrick, an excellent independent, lost his seat at the 2022 election. Go figure?
Host: Levinsky College
Event: Presentation / Q&A
Topic: Educating Youth for Tolerance – The Freedom Writer Methodology
Participants: 100 undergraduate students ( pre-service English Language teachers from the Jewish and Arab sector) and mixed faculty.
The leader of the cosmic revolution, the leader and mentor of the philosophical kingdom----Fangruida (Smirh)
Marco
1The evolution of the world and the multidimensional evolution of the natural universe(Fangruida)
Planetary society theory, natural universe, birth and death theory, natural philosophy, rational structure theory, natural world, multidimensional hybrid, complex structure theory(Fangruida)
2 Human society development and interest theory liberal rational structuralism theory biological species social survival mode modal structure evolution theory hybrid logic definition logic theory
Polymerization Purification Logic and Thinking Natural Language Orbits Formal Language Orbits and Hybrid Logic Blending Deductive Language Orbits
3 The Three-Sex Theory of the Philosophical Revolution Multi-body theory, multi-dimensional theory - guiding the guiding light of the world and human beings
The revolution of philosophy, the three-dimensional multidimensional structure of consciousness, the two-way and multi-structure of consciousness and the nervous system, the epistemological methodology of the universe
Hybrid orbit of AA language Evolution and hybridization of advanced nervous system Orbits of nerve cells and genes Advanced neural activity genes
Superconducting structure of nerve reflex arc
B. Natural Cosmology - Matter - Species - Life - Particles - Introduction to Human and Its Social Development "Nature Cosmic Architecture and Super-Rotational Domain Fields"
C. Multi-directionality of the natural universe Multi-dimensional material, spirit, existence, consciousness, species, life, third body, fourth body organism D. Generality and special coupling of species evolution and universality and eternality of natural matter Sex
E. Generalization of the natural structure of the universe. Orderly disordered chaos F. Life species and natural universes Special species in the position of the natural universe Human position in the natural universe and natural history procedures G Universe and particle universe - matter - species - particles -Life - Ultra-micro and super-macro super characteristics
H. Human society - the birth and evolution of life's advanced wisdom species M. The origin and future of the universe Mathematical philosophy and integration and purification
Even without humans, the planets and matter of the natural universe will still move naturally. The natural universe is not absolutely related to humans and all biologically active species. The greatness of mankind is nothing but a drop in the ocean. After all, human beings are advanced intelligent animal species. They whimsically believe that biological species can transcend the earth, transcend the moon, transcend Mars, transcend the sun, and transcend the galaxy. Then human beings become truly gods. Of course, human wisdom and creativity are earth-shattering and undeniable. N. Geophysics, geochemistry, geobiology, and geochemistry are extensive in the universe and their limitations and particularities.
The great role of science and technology The connection between the limitations and limitations of science and technology and human intelligence
Materiality. Natural. Species. Biological. Sociality----particles, universe, intermediates (intermediate, including invisible plastids), integrative complex functional infinity
1. The history of philosophy and the essence of philosophy of development
2. The breadth, depth and influence of modern philosophy
3. Various schools and schools of world philosophy
4. Philosophy and science and technology
5. Philosophy and Religion, Religious Philosophy
6. Philosophy and society
7. The link between philosophy and politics, economy, culture, military, technology, etc.
8. Changes in cognitive level deviation and thinking structure of several major propositions of philosophy
9. Philosophy and the Universe, Nature
10. The basic principles of philosophy, the brain's high neural activity threshold and genetic redundancy
11. The three-dimensional multidimensional structural consciousness of the philosophy of revolutionary philosophy and the two-dimensional and multi-structured cosmological methodology of the nervous system
12. Importance. natural. kind. biological. Social----particles, universe, intermediates (intermediates, including invisible plastids), complex and complex functions
13. Natural Universe - Particles - Intermediates - Biology - Division and integration of matter and species
14. Multidimensionality of nature, evolutionary complex transformation of ordered disordered chaos
15. Human consciousness and the progression of high levels of neuromotor activity in the brain and the biosocial foundations and activities of nature and biomes. Threshold of human late nervous system
16. Natural Progress Human Evolution and Future Changes Characteristics of Human Society and Planetary Society
Human survival and restriction threshold
17. The changes in the universe and the beginning and end of the universe will be zero, will the solar system and the earth be destroyed?
18. Everything in human society will exist or collapse. Time domain and eternality of the physics theorem
19. Material species, life, high-intelligence, life - the necessity of historical planning and the process of the universe
20. The Milky Way is homogeneity or heterogeneity outside the solar system.
(The manuscript is the essential manuscript of the important philosophical works of Fang Ruida (Smith), which has been revised and revised by the original author. Now the author agrees to translate the multi-language version for readers to read.
Compile Wels.2017 Paris Newyork)
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Enc:Résumé du programme de philosophie révolutionnaire philosophique - Philosophie naturelle et philosophie rationnelle ----- L'essentiel de la philosophie naturelle de Smith (Classiques classiques) (2016v3.6 Global Mobile Edition) Versions chinoise et anglaise Compilation: Wels
1L'évolution du monde et l'évolution multidimensionnelle de l'univers naturel
Théorie de la société planétaire, univers naturel, théorie de la naissance et de la mort, philosophie naturelle, théorie de la structure rationnelle, monde naturel, hybride multidimensionnel, théorie de la structure complexe
2 Théorie du développement et des intérêts de la société humaine théorie du structuralisme rationnel libéral espèce biologique mode de survie sociale structure modale théorie de l'évolution théorie de la logique hybride définition théorie de la théorie
Polymérisation Purification Logique et Pensée Orbites en langage naturel Orbites en langage formel et logique hybride Mélange d'orbites en langage déductif
3 La théorie tripartite de la révolution philosophique Théorie multicorps, théorie multidimensionnelle - guider la lumière du monde et des êtres humains
La révolution de la philosophie, la structure tridimensionnelle multidimensionnelle de la conscience, la structure à double sens et multiple de la conscience et du système nerveux, la méthodologie épistémologique de l'univers
Orbite hybride du langage AA Evolution et hybridation du système nerveux avancé Orbites de cellules nerveuses et de gènes Gènes d'activité neuronale avancés
Structure supraconductrice de l'arc réflexe nerveux
B. Cosmologie naturelle - Matière - Espèces - Vie - Particules - Introduction à l'homme et à son développement social "Architecture cosmique de la nature et champs de domaines super-rotationnels"
C. Multidirectionnalité de l'univers naturel Matière, esprit, existence, conscience, espèce, vie, troisième corps, organisme du quatrième corps multidimensionnel D. Généralité et couplage particulier de l'évolution des espèces et de l'universalité et de l'éternité de la matière naturelle Le sexe
E. Généralisation de la structure naturelle de l'univers Chaos désordonné et ordonné F. Espèces de la vie et univers naturels Espèces spéciales dans la position de l'univers naturel Position humaine dans l'univers naturel et procédures d'histoire naturelle G Univers et univers de particules - matière - espèce - espèces - particules -Life - Caractéristiques ultra micro et super macro
H. Société humaine - naissance et évolution de l'espèce de sagesse avancée de la vie M. L'origine et l'avenir de l'univers Philosophie mathématique et intégration et purification
Même sans les humains, les planètes et la matière de l'univers naturel continueront de se déplacer naturellement. L'univers naturel n'est pas absolument lié à l'homme et à toutes les espèces biologiquement actives. La grandeur de l'humanité n'est qu'une goutte d'eau dans l'océan. Après tout, les êtres humains sont des espèces animales intelligentes avancées qui croient de manière fantaisiste que les espèces biologiques peuvent transcender la Terre, transcender la Lune, transcender Mars, transcender le Soleil et transcender la galaxie. Bien entendu, la sagesse et la créativité humaines sont bouleversantes et indéniables. N. La géophysique, la géochimie, la géobiologie et la géochimie occupent une place importante dans l’univers, avec ses limites et ses particularités.
Le grand rôle de la science et de la technologie Le lien entre les limites et les limites de la science et de la technologie et l'intelligence humaine
La matérialité. Naturel. Espèces. Biologique. Socialité ---- Particules, Univers, Intermédiaires (intermédiaires, y compris les plastides invisibles), Infini fonctionnel complexe intégratif
Краткое изложение программы «Философская революционная философия - естественная философия и рациональная философия» ----- «Основы естественной философии Смита» Смита (издание 2016v3.6 Global Mobile) Сборник версий на китайском и английском языках: Wels
1Эволюция мира и многомерная эволюция естественной вселенной
Теория планетного общества, естественная вселенная, теория рождения и смерти, естественная философия, теория рациональной структуры, естественный мир, многомерный гибрид, теория сложной структуры
2 Развитие человеческого общества и теория интересов либеральная рациональная структурализм теория биологических видов социальная модель выживания модальная структура эволюционная теория гибридная логика определение логическая теория
Полимеризационная очистка Логика и мышление Орбиты естественного языка Формальные языковые орбиты и гибридное логическое смешение дедуктивных языковых орбит
3 Теория трех полов философской революции. Теория множественных тел, многомерная теория - направляющий свет мира и людей.
Революция философии, трехмерная многомерная структура сознания, двусторонняя и многоструктурная структура сознания и нервной системы, эпистемологическая методология вселенной
Гибридная орбита языка АА. Эволюция и гибридизация развитой нервной системы. Орбиты нервных клеток и генов. Гены продвинутой нейронной активности.
Сверхпроводящая структура нервно-рефлекторной дуги
B. Природная космология - Материя - Виды - Жизнь - Частицы - Введение в человека и его социальное развитие "Природа космической архитектуры и суперротационных полей"
C. Разнонаправленность природной вселенной. Многомерный материал, дух, существование, сознание, виды, жизнь, третье тело, организм четвертого тела. D. Общность и особая связь эволюции видов, универсальности и вечности естественной материи. секс
E. Обобщение естественного строения вселенной. Упорядоченный беспорядочный хаос F. Виды жизни и естественные вселенные Особые виды в положении естественной вселенной Положение человека в естественной вселенной и процедуры естественной истории G Вселенная и частица вселенной - вещество - виды - частицы -Life - Супер-микро и супер-макро супер характеристики
H. Человеческое общество - рождение и эволюция жизненно важных видов мудрости М. Происхождение и будущее вселенной Математическая философия, интеграция и очищение
Даже без людей планеты и материя естественной вселенной будут двигаться естественным образом. Естественная вселенная не имеет абсолютно никакого отношения к человеку и всем биологически активным видам. Величие человечества - не что иное, как капля в океане. В конце концов, люди - продвинутые интеллектуальные виды животных, они причудливо верят, что биологические виды могут превосходить Землю, превосходить Луну, превосходить Марс, превосходить Солнце и превосходить галактику. Тогда люди становятся настоящими богами. Конечно, человеческая мудрость и креативность потрясающие и неоспоримые. N. Геофизика, геохимия, геобиология и геохимия обширны во вселенной и их ограничениях и особенностях.
Великая роль науки и техники Связь между ограничениями науки и техники и человеческим интеллектом
Существенность. Естественность. Виды. Биологический. Социальность ---- частицы, вселенная, промежуточные звенья (промежуточные, включая невидимые пластиды), интегративный комплекс, функциональная бесконечность
Zusammenfassung des Programms für revolutionäre Philosophische Philosophie - Naturphilosophie und Rationalphilosophie ----- Smiths Grundlagen der Naturphilosophie Klassiker (2016v3.6 Global Mobile Edition) Chinesische und englische Versionen Zusammenstellung: Wels
1Die Entwicklung der Welt und die multidimensionale Entwicklung des natürlichen Universums
Planetarische Gesellschaftstheorie, natürliches Universum, Geburts- und Sterbetheorie, Naturphilosophie, Theorie der rationalen Struktur, natürliche Welt, multidimensionaler Hybrid, komplexe Strukturtheorie
2 Menschliche Gesellschaft Entwicklung und Interessestheorie Liberal Rationaler Strukturalismus Theorie biologische Art soziales Überleben Modus Modalstruktur Evolutionstheorie Hybridlogik Definition Logiktheorie
Polymerisationsreinigungslogik und Denken Natürliche Sprache Bahnen Formale Sprachbahnen und hybride logische Vermischung Deduktive Sprachbahnen
3 Die Drei-Sex-Theorie der philosophischen Revolution Mehrkörpertheorie, mehrdimensionale Theorie - das Leitlicht der Welt und der Menschen
Die Revolution der Philosophie, die dreidimensionale mehrdimensionale Struktur des Bewusstseins, die Zwei- und Mehrfachstruktur des Bewusstseins und des Nervensystems, die epistemologische Methodologie des Universums
Hybridbahn der AA-Sprache Evolution und Hybridisierung des fortgeschrittenen Nervensystems Bahnen von Nervenzellen und Genen Fortgeschrittene neuronale Aktivitätsgene
Supraleitende Struktur des Nervenreflexbogens
B. Natürliche Kosmologie - Materie - Spezies - Leben - Partikel - Einführung in die menschliche Entwicklung und ihre soziale Entwicklung "Naturkosmische Architektur und Felder mit überrationalen Domänen"
C. Multidirektionalität des natürlichen Universums Multidimensionales Material, Geist, Existenz, Bewusstsein, Spezies, Leben, dritter Körper, vierter Körperorganismus D. Allgemeingültigkeit und besondere Kopplung von Speziesentwicklung und Universalität und Ewigkeit natürlicher Materie Sex
E. Verallgemeinerung der natürlichen Struktur des Universums Ordentlich ungeordnetes Chaos F. Lebensarten und natürliche Universen Spezielle Arten in der Position des natürlichen Universums Position des Menschen im natürlichen Universum und naturgeschichtliche Verfahren G Universum und Teilchenuniversum - Materie - Spezies - Teilchen -Life - Ultra-Mikro- und Super-Makro-Supereigenschaften
H. Die menschliche Gesellschaft - die Geburt und Entwicklung der fortschrittlichen Weisheitsart des Lebens M. Der Ursprung und die Zukunft des Universums Mathematische Philosophie, Integration und Reinigung
Selbst ohne Menschen werden sich die Planeten und die Materie des natürlichen Universums natürlich bewegen. Das natürliche Universum ist nicht absolut mit dem Menschen und allen biologisch aktiven Spezies verbunden. Die Größe der Menschheit ist nichts anderes als ein Tropfen im Ozean. Schließlich sind Menschen fortgeschrittene intelligente Tierarten. Sie glauben seltsam, dass biologische Arten die Erde, den Mond, den Mars, die Sonne und die Galaxie transzendieren können, dann werden die Menschen zu echten Göttern. Natürlich sind menschliche Weisheit und Kreativität weltbewegend und unbestreitbar. N. Die Geophysik, Geochemie, Geobiologie und Geochemie sind im Universum umfangreich und ihre Grenzen und Besonderheiten.
Die große Rolle von Wissenschaft und Technologie Die Verbindung zwischen den Grenzen und Grenzen von Wissenschaft und Technologie und der menschlichen Intelligenz
Wesentlichkeit Natürlich. Arten. Biologisch. Sozialität - Partikel, Universum, Zwischenprodukte (Zwischenprodukte, einschließlich unsichtbarer Plastiden), integrative komplexe funktionale Unendlichkeit
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Das Manuskript ist ein wesentliches Manuskript wichtiger philosophischer Werke Smiths, das vom ursprünglichen Autor überarbeitet und genehmigt wurde. Mit Zustimmung des Autors wird die mehrsprachige Version für den Leser übersetzt.
Kompiliere Wels. 2017 in Paris Newyork
1The evolution of the world and the multidimensional evolution of the natural universe
Planetary society theory, natural universe, birth and death theory, natural philosophy, rational structure theory, natural world, multidimensional hybrid, complex structure theory
2 Human society development and interest theory liberal rational structuralism theory biological species social survival mode modal structure evolution theory hybrid logic definition logic theory
Polymerization Purification Logic and Thinking Natural Language Orbits Formal Language Orbits and Hybrid Logic Blending Deductive Language Orbits
3 The Three-Sex Theory of the Philosophical Revolution Multi-body theory, multi-dimensional theory - guiding the guiding light of the world and human beings
The revolution of philosophy, the three-dimensional multidimensional structure of consciousness, the two-way and multi-structure of consciousness and the nervous system, the epistemological methodology of the universe
Hybrid orbit of AA language Evolution and hybridization of advanced nervous system Orbits of nerve cells and genes Advanced neural activity genes
Superconducting structure of nerve reflex arc
B. Natural Cosmology - Matter - Species - Life - Particles - Introduction to Human and Its Social Development "Nature Cosmic Architecture and Super-Rotational Domain Fields"
C. Multi-directionality of the natural universe Multi-dimensional material, spirit, existence, consciousness, species, life, third body, fourth body organism D. Generality and special coupling of species evolution and universality and eternality of natural matter Sex
E. Generalization of the natural structure of the universe. Orderly disordered chaos F. Life species and natural universes Special species in the position of the natural universe Human position in the natural universe and natural history procedures G Universe and particle universe - matter - species - particles -Life - Ultra-micro and super-macro super characteristics
H. Human society - the birth and evolution of life's advanced wisdom species M. The origin and future of the universe Mathematical philosophy and integration and purification
Even without humans, the planets and matter of the natural universe will still move naturally. The natural universe is not absolutely related to humans and all biologically active species. The greatness of mankind is nothing but a drop in the ocean. After all, human beings are advanced intelligent animal species. They whimsically believe that biological species can transcend the earth, transcend the moon, transcend Mars, transcend the sun, and transcend the galaxy. Then human beings become truly gods. Of course, human wisdom and creativity are earth-shattering and undeniable. N. Geophysics, geochemistry, geobiology, and geochemistry are extensive in the universe and their limitations and particularities.
The great role of science and technology The connection between the limitations and limitations of science and technology and human intelligence
Materiality. Natural. Species. Biological. Sociality----particles, universe, intermediates (intermediate, including invisible plastids), integrative complex functional infinity
1. The history of philosophy and the essence of philosophy of development
2. The breadth, depth and influence of modern philosophy
3. Various schools and schools of world philosophy
4. Philosophy and science and technology
5. Philosophy and Religion, Religious Philosophy
6. Philosophy and society
7. The link between philosophy and politics, economy, culture, military, technology, etc.
8. Changes in cognitive level deviation and thinking structure of several major propositions of philosophy
9. Philosophy and the Universe, Nature
10. The basic principles of philosophy, the brain's high neural activity threshold and genetic redundancy
11. The three-dimensional multidimensional structural consciousness of the philosophy of revolutionary philosophy and the two-dimensional and multi-structured cosmological methodology of the nervous system
12. Importance. natural. kind. biological. Social----particles, universe, intermediates (intermediates, including invisible plastids), complex and complex functions
13. Natural Universe - Particles - Intermediates - Biology - Division and integration of matter and species
14. Multidimensionality of nature, evolutionary complex transformation of ordered disordered chaos
15. Human consciousness and the progression of high levels of neuromotor activity in the brain and the biosocial foundations and activities of nature and biomes. Threshold of human late nervous system
16. Natural Progress Human Evolution and Future Changes Characteristics of Human Society and Planetary Society
Human survival and restriction threshold
17. The changes in the universe and the beginning and end of the universe will be zero, will the solar system and the earth be destroyed?
18. Everything in human society will exist or collapse. Time domain and eternality of the physics theorem
19. Material species, life, high-intelligence, life - the necessity of historical planning and the process of the universe
20. The Milky Way is homogeneity or heterogeneity outside the solar system.
(The manuscript is the essential manuscript of the important philosophical works of Fang Ruida (Smith), which has been revised and revised by the original author. Now the author agrees to translate the multi-language version for readers to read.
Compile Wels.2017 Paris Newyork)
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Enc:Résumé du programme de philosophie révolutionnaire philosophique - Philosophie naturelle et philosophie rationnelle ----- L'essentiel de la philosophie naturelle de Smith (Classiques classiques) (2016v3.6 Global Mobile Edition) Versions chinoise et anglaise Compilation: Wels
1L'évolution du monde et l'évolution multidimensionnelle de l'univers naturel
Théorie de la société planétaire, univers naturel, théorie de la naissance et de la mort, philosophie naturelle, théorie de la structure rationnelle, monde naturel, hybride multidimensionnel, théorie de la structure complexe
2 Théorie du développement et des intérêts de la société humaine théorie du structuralisme rationnel libéral espèce biologique mode de survie sociale structure modale théorie de l'évolution théorie de la logique hybride définition théorie de la théorie
Polymérisation Purification Logique et Pensée Orbites en langage naturel Orbites en langage formel et logique hybride Mélange d'orbites en langage déductif
3 La théorie tripartite de la révolution philosophique Théorie multicorps, théorie multidimensionnelle - guider la lumière du monde et des êtres humains
La révolution de la philosophie, la structure tridimensionnelle multidimensionnelle de la conscience, la structure à double sens et multiple de la conscience et du système nerveux, la méthodologie épistémologique de l'univers
Orbite hybride du langage AA Evolution et hybridation du système nerveux avancé Orbites de cellules nerveuses et de gènes Gènes d'activité neuronale avancés
Structure supraconductrice de l'arc réflexe nerveux
B. Cosmologie naturelle - Matière - Espèces - Vie - Particules - Introduction à l'homme et à son développement social "Architecture cosmique de la nature et champs de domaines super-rotationnels"
C. Multidirectionnalité de l'univers naturel Matière, esprit, existence, conscience, espèce, vie, troisième corps, organisme du quatrième corps multidimensionnel D. Généralité et couplage particulier de l'évolution des espèces et de l'universalité et de l'éternité de la matière naturelle Le sexe
E. Généralisation de la structure naturelle de l'univers Chaos désordonné et ordonné F. Espèces de la vie et univers naturels Espèces spéciales dans la position de l'univers naturel Position humaine dans l'univers naturel et procédures d'histoire naturelle G Univers et univers de particules - matière - espèce - espèces - particules -Life - Caractéristiques ultra micro et super macro
H. Société humaine - naissance et évolution de l'espèce de sagesse avancée de la vie M. L'origine et l'avenir de l'univers Philosophie mathématique et intégration et purification
Même sans les humains, les planètes et la matière de l'univers naturel continueront de se déplacer naturellement. L'univers naturel n'est pas absolument lié à l'homme et à toutes les espèces biologiquement actives. La grandeur de l'humanité n'est qu'une goutte d'eau dans l'océan. Après tout, les êtres humains sont des espèces animales intelligentes avancées qui croient de manière fantaisiste que les espèces biologiques peuvent transcender la Terre, transcender la Lune, transcender Mars, transcender le Soleil et transcender la galaxie. Bien entendu, la sagesse et la créativité humaines sont bouleversantes et indéniables. N. La géophysique, la géochimie, la géobiologie et la géochimie occupent une place importante dans l’univers, avec ses limites et ses particularités.
Le grand rôle de la science et de la technologie Le lien entre les limites et les limites de la science et de la technologie et l'intelligence humaine
La matérialité. Naturel. Espèces. Biologique. Socialité ---- Particules, Univers, Intermédiaires (intermédiaires, y compris les plastides invisibles), Infini fonctionnel complexe intégratif
Краткое изложение программы «Философская революционная философия - естественная философия и рациональная философия» ----- «Основы естественной философии Смита» Смита (издание 2016v3.6 Global Mobile) Сборник версий на китайском и английском языках: Wels
1Эволюция мира и многомерная эволюция естественной вселенной
Теория планетного общества, естественная вселенная, теория рождения и смерти, естественная философия, теория рациональной структуры, естественный мир, многомерный гибрид, теория сложной структуры
2 Развитие человеческого общества и теория интересов либеральная рациональная структурализм теория биологических видов социальная модель выживания модальная структура эволюционная теория гибридная логика определение логическая теория
Полимеризационная очистка Логика и мышление Орбиты естественного языка Формальные языковые орбиты и гибридное логическое смешение дедуктивных языковых орбит
3 Теория трех полов философской революции. Теория множественных тел, многомерная теория - направляющий свет мира и людей.
Революция философии, трехмерная многомерная структура сознания, двусторонняя и многоструктурная структура сознания и нервной системы, эпистемологическая методология вселенной
Гибридная орбита языка АА. Эволюция и гибридизация развитой нервной системы. Орбиты нервных клеток и генов. Гены продвинутой нейронной активности.
Сверхпроводящая структура нервно-рефлекторной дуги
B. Природная космология - Материя - Виды - Жизнь - Частицы - Введение в человека и его социальное развитие "Природа космической архитектуры и суперротационных полей"
C. Разнонаправленность природной вселенной. Многомерный материал, дух, существование, сознание, виды, жизнь, третье тело, организм четвертого тела. D. Общность и особая связь эволюции видов, универсальности и вечности естественной материи. секс
E. Обобщение естественного строения вселенной. Упорядоченный беспорядочный хаос F. Виды жизни и естественные вселенные Особые виды в положении естественной вселенной Положение человека в естественной вселенной и процедуры естественной истории G Вселенная и частица вселенной - вещество - виды - частицы -Life - Супер-микро и супер-макро супер характеристики
H. Человеческое общество - рождение и эволюция жизненно важных видов мудрости М. Происхождение и будущее вселенной Математическая философия, интеграция и очищение
Даже без людей планеты и материя естественной вселенной будут двигаться естественным образом. Естественная вселенная не имеет абсолютно никакого отношения к человеку и всем биологически активным видам. Величие человечества - не что иное, как капля в океане. В конце концов, люди - продвинутые интеллектуальные виды животных, они причудливо верят, что биологические виды могут превосходить Землю, превосходить Луну, превосходить Марс, превосходить Солнце и превосходить галактику. Тогда люди становятся настоящими богами. Конечно, человеческая мудрость и креативность потрясающие и неоспоримые. N. Геофизика, геохимия, геобиология и геохимия обширны во вселенной и их ограничениях и особенностях.
Великая роль науки и техники Связь между ограничениями науки и техники и человеческим интеллектом
Существенность. Естественность. Виды. Биологический. Социальность ---- частицы, вселенная, промежуточные звенья (промежуточные, включая невидимые пластиды), интегративный комплекс, функциональная бесконечность
Zusammenfassung des Programms für revolutionäre Philosophische Philosophie - Naturphilosophie und Rationalphilosophie ----- Smiths Grundlagen der Naturphilosophie Klassiker (2016v3.6 Global Mobile Edition) Chinesische und englische Versionen Zusammenstellung: Wels
1Die Entwicklung der Welt und die multidimensionale Entwicklung des natürlichen Universums
Planetarische Gesellschaftstheorie, natürliches Universum, Geburts- und Sterbetheorie, Naturphilosophie, Theorie der rationalen Struktur, natürliche Welt, multidimensionaler Hybrid, komplexe Strukturtheorie
2 Menschliche Gesellschaft Entwicklung und Interessestheorie Liberal Rationaler Strukturalismus Theorie biologische Art soziales Überleben Modus Modalstruktur Evolutionstheorie Hybridlogik Definition Logiktheorie
Polymerisationsreinigungslogik und Denken Natürliche Sprache Bahnen Formale Sprachbahnen und hybride logische Vermischung Deduktive Sprachbahnen
3 Die Drei-Sex-Theorie der philosophischen Revolution Mehrkörpertheorie, mehrdimensionale Theorie - das Leitlicht der Welt und der Menschen
Die Revolution der Philosophie, die dreidimensionale mehrdimensionale Struktur des Bewusstseins, die Zwei- und Mehrfachstruktur des Bewusstseins und des Nervensystems, die epistemologische Methodologie des Universums
Hybridbahn der AA-Sprache Evolution und Hybridisierung des fortgeschrittenen Nervensystems Bahnen von Nervenzellen und Genen Fortgeschrittene neuronale Aktivitätsgene
Supraleitende Struktur des Nervenreflexbogens
B. Natürliche Kosmologie - Materie - Spezies - Leben - Partikel - Einführung in die menschliche Entwicklung und ihre soziale Entwicklung "Naturkosmische Architektur und Felder mit überrationalen Domänen"
C. Multidirektionalität des natürlichen Universums Multidimensionales Material, Geist, Existenz, Bewusstsein, Spezies, Leben, dritter Körper, vierter Körperorganismus D. Allgemeingültigkeit und besondere Kopplung von Speziesentwicklung und Universalität und Ewigkeit natürlicher Materie Sex
E. Verallgemeinerung der natürlichen Struktur des Universums Ordentlich ungeordnetes Chaos F. Lebensarten und natürliche Universen Spezielle Arten in der Position des natürlichen Universums Position des Menschen im natürlichen Universum und naturgeschichtliche Verfahren G Universum und Teilchenuniversum - Materie - Spezies - Teilchen -Life - Ultra-Mikro- und Super-Makro-Supereigenschaften
H. Die menschliche Gesellschaft - die Geburt und Entwicklung der fortschrittlichen Weisheitsart des Lebens M. Der Ursprung und die Zukunft des Universums Mathematische Philosophie, Integration und Reinigung
Selbst ohne Menschen werden sich die Planeten und die Materie des natürlichen Universums natürlich bewegen. Das natürliche Universum ist nicht absolut mit dem Menschen und allen biologisch aktiven Spezies verbunden. Die Größe der Menschheit ist nichts anderes als ein Tropfen im Ozean. Schließlich sind Menschen fortgeschrittene intelligente Tierarten. Sie glauben seltsam, dass biologische Arten die Erde, den Mond, den Mars, die Sonne und die Galaxie transzendieren können, dann werden die Menschen zu echten Göttern. Natürlich sind menschliche Weisheit und Kreativität weltbewegend und unbestreitbar. N. Die Geophysik, Geochemie, Geobiologie und Geochemie sind im Universum umfangreich und ihre Grenzen und Besonderheiten.
Die große Rolle von Wissenschaft und Technologie Die Verbindung zwischen den Grenzen und Grenzen von Wissenschaft und Technologie und der menschlichen Intelligenz
Wesentlichkeit Natürlich. Arten. Biologisch. Sozialität - Partikel, Universum, Zwischenprodukte (Zwischenprodukte, einschließlich unsichtbarer Plastiden), integrative komplexe funktionale Unendlichkeit
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Das Manuskript ist ein wesentliches Manuskript wichtiger philosophischer Werke Smiths, das vom ursprünglichen Autor überarbeitet und genehmigt wurde. Mit Zustimmung des Autors wird die mehrsprachige Version für den Leser übersetzt.
Kompiliere Wels. 2017 in Paris Newyork
哲學革命哲學綱領提要--自然哲學和理性哲學----- 方瑞達（Smith）自然哲學經典著作精要（2016v3.6全球手機版 中英雙語版）編譯：Wels
①世界變革與自然宇宙的多維變化演變
星球社會綜合 論 自然宇宙生滅論 自然哲學理性結構論 自然世界多維雜化複變結構論
②人類社會發展生息論 自由理性結構主義論 生物物種社會生存模式模態結構演化論 雜化邏輯定義邏輯論
聚化提純邏輯和思維 自然語言軌道 形式語言軌道和雜化邏輯混成演繹語言軌道 思維的自然結構方式論
③哲學革命的三性論 多體論，多維論-引導引領世界和人類的指路明燈
哲學的革命 哲學的三維多維結構 意識和神經系統的雙向和多項結構 萬物之宗的認識論方法論思維結構
AA語言的雜化軌道 高級神經系統的進化和雜化軌道 神經細胞和基因的躍遷 高級神經活動基因
神經反射弧的超導結構
B《自然宇宙論-物質-物種-生命-粒子-人類及其社會發展概論 《 自然宇宙體系結構和超旋矢域場》
C.自然宇宙的多向性多維性物質，精神，存在，意識，物種，生命，第三體，第四體生物D.物種進化繁衍的一般性和特殊耦合性和自然物質的普遍性和永恆性
E.宇宙自然結構的泛化複變有序無序混沌F. 生命物種和自然宇宙特殊物種在自然宇宙的位置人類在自然宇宙的位置和自然歷史程序G 宇宙和粒子宇宙-物質-物種-粒子-生命-超微性和超宏性超特性
H.人類社會-生命高級智慧物種的誕生和演變衍化 M.宇宙的起源和未來 數理哲學和積化與純化
即使沒有人類，自然宇宙的星球和物質依舊會自然運動。自然宇宙本質上和人類以及一切生物活性物種並不是絕對關聯。人類再偉大也不過是滄海一粟。人類畢竟是高級智慧動物物種而已，異想天開地認為生物物種可以超越地球，超越月球，超越火星，超越太陽，超越銀河，那麼人類就真正變成天神天仙了。當然，人類的智慧和創造力是驚天動地的，不可否認。 N.地球物理學，地球化學，地球生物學，地球生物化學在大宇宙中的廣延性以及局限性和特殊性。
O科學和技術的偉大作用 科學技術和人類智能的局限性和有限性之關聯
物質性。自然性。物種性。生物性。社會性----粒子，宇宙，中間體（中間質，包括隱形質體），聚化複變泛函無窮
1.哲學的歷史與發展哲學的本質
2.現代哲學的廣度，深度和影響力
3.世界哲學的各種學校和學校
4.哲學和科學技術
5.哲學與宗教，宗教哲學
6.哲學與社會
7.哲學與政治，經濟，文化，軍事，技術等之間的聯繫。
8.哲學的幾個主要命題認知等級偏差和思維結構的變化
9.哲學與宇宙，自然
10。哲學的基本原理，大腦的高神經活動閾值和基因冗餘
11.哲學的革命哲學的三維多維結構意識和神經系統的雙向和多重結構宇宙的認識論方法論
12.重要性。自然。種類。生物。社會性----粒子，宇宙，中間體（中間體，包括看不見的質體），綜合複雜的功能無限
13.自然宇宙 - 粒子 - 中間體 - 生物 - 物質和物種的分裂和整合
14.自然界的多維性，有序無序混沌的進化複雜變換
15.人類意識和大腦的高水平神經運動進展以及自然和生物群落的生物社會基礎和活動。人類晚期神經系統的閾值
16.自然進展人類進化和未來變化人類社會和行星社會的特徵
人類生存和限制門檻
17.宇宙的變化以及宇宙的起點和終點都將為零，太陽系和地球會被毀滅嗎？
18.人類社會中的一切都將存在或崩潰。物理定理的時域和永恆
19.物質物種生命體高級智慧生命 - 歷史計劃和宇宙過程的必要性
20.銀河係是太陽系外的同質性或異質性
(原稿系方瑞達（史密斯）重要哲學著作精要手稿，經原作者反复校審修改後審定。現經作者同意，翻譯多語對照版本，供廣大讀者閱讀。
編譯Wels.2017 Paris Newyork)
Fangruida (F.D Smith) est né à Shanghai le 16 mai 1949. (La date de sa naissance, il existe différentes versions. 16 avril 1950, 13 mai 1949, 13 mai 1949, plusieurs versions. Selon les informations pertinentes, cela devrait être en mai 1949, date anniversaire. Ce devrait être le 16 mai ou le 16 mai 1950. Par conséquent, cette dernière est généralement adoptée, c'est-à-dire le 16 mai 1949. Les autres versions sont inexactes ou basées sur des rumeurs, une fausse déclaration, etc. Lettre). Physicien, astronome, géologue, biologiste, cosmologiste, astronaute, scientifique en médecine, inventeur (roquette Fagruida, tunnel spatial Fangruida, etc.), philosophe, penseur, savant religieux, Économiste, sociologue, anthropologue, écrivain, éducateur. Lois Fang Ruida, Fang Ruidaism et de nombreux travaux de recherche importants.
Fangruida(F.D Smith)，1949年5月16日出生於上海。 （有關他的出生日期，有各種版本。1950年4月16日，1949年5月13日，1949年5月13日，等幾種版本。根據相關資料，應當是1949年5月，生日應當是5月16日，或者是1950年5月16日為準。所以，一般採用後者，即1949年5月16日。其他版本不准確，或是以訛傳訛，或是誤傳等，不足為信）。世界著名的物理學家，天文學家，地質學家，生物學家，宇宙學家，宇航學家，醫學家，發明家（Fagruida火箭，Fangruida太空隧道等），哲學家，思想家，宗教學家，經濟學家，社會學家，人類學家，文學家，教育家。方瑞達Laws，方瑞達主義，以及許多重要研究著作。
Fangruida (F.D Smith) est né à Shanghai le 16 mai 1949. (La date de sa naissance, il existe différentes versions. 16 avril 1950, 13 mai 1949, 13 mai 1949, plusieurs versions. Selon les informations pertinentes, cela devrait être en mai 1949, date anniversaire. Ce devrait être le 16 mai ou le 16 mai 1950. Par conséquent, cette dernière est généralement adoptée, c'est-à-dire le 16 mai 1949. Les autres versions sont inexactes ou basées sur des rumeurs, une fausse déclaration, etc. Lettre). Physicien, astronome, géologue, biologiste, cosmologiste, astronaute, scientifique en médecine, inventeur (roquette Fagruida, tunnel spatial Fangruida, etc.), philosophe, penseur, savant religieux, Économiste, sociologue, anthropologue, écrivain, éducateur. Lois Fang Ruida, Fang Ruidaism et de nombreux travaux de recherche importants.
For some thoughts on the Panasonic S1R and my ad hoc "test methodology", please click the top image below.
The Zeiss 35mm f/1.4 Distagon ZM is one of the top 3-4 lenses for the M-mount, although it doesn't get the notoriety that a less capable lens like a Noctilux 50mm f/0.95 gets.
I got the silver edition of this lens years ago, but it is really mediocre on my Sony A7x cameras. I must have "decided" to sell this lens at least a half dozen times, and in fact, I had it listed on eBay some 3-4 times. Every time, I did not get the price I was seeking, and I did not have the heart to dump it for a low ball price.
After many YEARS, finally, today when I took some test shots with the Panasonic, it was like a light turning on. The image quality is really stunning, and I don't think anyone who shoots with this lens on a Leica M camera like an M10 or M 240 or even an SL really has any idea how amazing this lens is. I suspect the word will get around quickly once people start shooting with this lens on a Panasonic S1R or a future Sigma full-frame Foveon camera.
The shot above is the absolute lower left corner of the frame, at 100% magnification, shot at f/1.4. There is nothing more in the frame to the left or below what you see above. This is also SOOC JPEG, with no post processing.
This is nothing short of stunning.
Interior design is the art or process of designing the interior, often including the exterior, of a room or building. An interior designer (or a team of designers) is someone who coordinates and manages such civil engineering projects. Interior design is a multifaceted profession that includes conceptual development, communicating with the stakeholders of a project and the management and execution of the design. Interior design is the process of shaping the experience of interior space, through the manipulation of special volume as well as surface treatment.
Although we now have help from technology in getting the best designs ready, for instance faux stone manufacturing system and other methodologies that can help in providing us with the best alternate of original highly expensive items, interior designing has a huge history behind.
Recent history
In the past, building interiors were put together instinctively as a part of the process of construction. The profession of interior design has been a consequence of the development of society and the complex architecture that has resulted from the development of industrial processes. The pursuit of effective use of space, user well-being and functional design has contributed to the development of the contemporary interior design. The profession of interior design is separate and distinct from the role of interior decorator, a term commonly used in the US. The term is less common in the UK where the profession of interior design is still unregulated and therefore, strictly speaking, not yet officially a profession. In ancient India, architects used to work as interior designers. This can be seen from the references of Vishwakarma, the architect – one of the gods in Indian mythology. Additionally, the sculptures depicting ancient texts and events are seen in palaces built in 17th century India. In ancient Egypt, “soul houses” or models of houses were placed in tombs as receptacles for food offerings. From these, it is possible to discern details about the interior design of different residences throughout the different Egyptian dynasties such as changes in ventilation, porticoes, columns, loggias, windows, and doors. Throughout the 17th and 18th century, and into the early 19th Century, interior decoration was the concern of the homemaker, an employed upholsterer or craftsman who would advise on the artistic style for an interior space. Architects would also employ craftsmen or artisans to complete interior design for their buildings.
Commercial interior design
From the middle-to- late 19th century, interior design services expanded in industrial economies of the West. As the middle-class in America and Europe grew in size and prosperity, they began to desire the domestic trappings of wealth to cement their new status. Large furniture firms began to branch out into general interior design and management, offering full house furnishings in a variety of styles. This business model flourished from the mid-century to 1914, when this role was increasingly usurped by independent, often amateur, designers. This paved the way for the emergence of the professional interior design in the mid-20th century. In the 1850s and 1860s, upholsterers began to expand their business transactions. They framed their business more broadly and in artistic terms and began to advertise their furnishings to the public. To meet the growing demand for contract interior work on projects such as offices, hotels, and public buildings, these enterprises (furniture stores, dealers) became large and complex. In order to service the growing clients, they began to employ builders, joiners, plasterers, textile designers, artists, and furniture designers, as well as engineers and technicians to fulfill the job requirements. Firms began to publish and circulate catalogues with prints for different lavish styles to attract the attention of expanding middle classes in Europe and America.
Retail advertising
As department stores increased in number and size, retail spaces within shops were furnished in different styles as examples for customers. One particularly effective advertising tool was to set up model rooms at national and international exhibitions in showrooms for the public to see. Some of the pioneering firms in this regard were Waring & Gillow, James Shoolbred, Mintons and Holland & Sons. These traditional high-quality furniture making firms began to play an important role as advisers to middle class customers on taste and style. Gradually, the furniture stores began taking out contracts to design and furnish the interiors of many important buildings in Britain. This type of firm emerged in America after the Civil War. The Herter Brothers, founded by two German brothers, began as an upholstery warehouse and became one of the first firms of furniture makers and interior decorators. With their own design office, cabinet-making and upholstery workshops, Herter Brothers were prepared to accomplish every aspect of interior furnishing. Some of their contracts included decorative panelling and mantels, wall and ceiling decoration, patterned floors and carpets and draperies.
Owen Jones, father figure
A pivotal figure in popularizing theories of interior design to the middle class was the architect Owen Jones. Jones was one of the most influential design theorists of the 19th century. His first project was his most important – in 1851 he was responsible for not only the decoration of Joseph Paxton’s gigantic Crystal Palace for the Great Exhibition, but also for the arrangement of the exhibits within. He chose a controversial palette of red, yellow and blue for the interior ironwork and, despite initial negative publicity in the newspapers, was eventually unveiled by Queen Victoria to much critical acclaim. His most significant work was “The Grammar of Ornament” (1856) in which Jones formulated 37 key principles of interior design and decoration. Jones was employed by some of the leading interior design firms of the day. In the 1860s he worked in collaboration with the London firm Jackson & Graham to produce furniture and other fittings for high-profile clients including art collector Alfred Morrison and the Khedive of Egypt, Ismail Pasha. In 1882 the London Directory of the Post Office listed 80 interior decorators.
Professional interior design
By the turn of the 20th century, amateur advisors and publications were increasingly challenging the monopoly that the large retail companies had on interior design. English feminist author Mary Haweis wrote a series of widely read essays in the 1880s in which she derided the eagerness with which aspiring middle-class people furnished their houses according to the rigid models offered to them by the retailers. She advocated the individual adoption of a particular style, tailor made to the individual needs and preferences of the customer. The move towards decoration as a separate artistic profession unrelated to the manufacturers and retailers got an impetus with the formation of the Institute of British Decorators in 1899. With John Dibblee Crace as its president, IBD represented almost 200 decorators around the country. By 1915, the London Directory listed 127 individuals trading as interior decorators, of which 10 were women. Rhoda and Agnes Garrett were the first women to train professionally as home decorators in 1874. The importance of their work on design was regarded at the time as on a par with that of William Morris. In 1876, their work – “Suggestions for House Decoration in Painting, Woodwork and Furniture” – spread their ideas on artistic interior design to a wide middle-class audience.
Anti-Victorian ideas
In America, Candace Wheeler was one of the first woman interior designers and helped encourage a new style of American design. She was instrumental in the development of art courses for women in a number of major American cities and was considered a national authority on home design. An important influence on the new profession was “The Decoration of Houses”, a manual of interior design written by Edith Wharton with architect Ogden Codman in 1897 in America. In the book, the authors denounced Victorian-style interior design especially those rooms that were decorated with heavy window curtains, Victorian bric-a-brac and overstuffed furniture. They argued that such rooms emphasized upholstery at the expense of proper space planning and architectural design and were, therefore, uncomfortable and rarely used. The book is considered a seminal work and its success led to the emergence of professional decorators working in the manner advocated by its authors, most notably Elsie de Wolfe.
American woman pioneer
Elsie De Wolfe was one of the first female interior designers. Rejecting the Victorian style she grew up with, she chose a more vibrant scheme, along with more comfortable furniture in the home. Her designs were light with fresh colours and delicate Chinoiserie furnishings, as opposed to the Victorian preference of heavy, red drapes and upholstery, dark wood and intensely patterned wallpapers. Her designs were also more practical. She eliminated the clutter that occupied the Victorian home, enabling people to entertain more guests comfortably. In 1905, de Wolfe was commissioned for the interior design of the Colony Club on Madison Avenue. The interiors of Colony Club garnered her recognition almost overnight. She compiled her ideas into her widely read 1913 book, “The House in Good Taste”. In England, Syrie Maugham became a legendary interior designer credited with designing the first all-white room. Starting her career in the early 1910s, her international reputation soon grew. She later expanded her business to New York and Chicago.
Post-war expansion
The interior design as an exclusive profession became more prominent after World War II. From the 1950s onwards spending on the home increased. Interior design courses were established, requiring the publication of textbooks and reference sources. The historical accounts of interior designers and firms distinct from the decorative arts specialists were made available. Moreover, the organisations to regulate education, qualifications, standards and practices, etc. were established for the nascent profession. Interior design was previously seen as playing a secondary role to architecture. It also has many connections to other design disciplines, involving the work of architects, industrial designers, engineers, builders and craftsmen. For these reasons the regulation of interior design standards and qualifications was often incorporated into other professional organisations that involved design. Organisations such as the Chartered Society of Designers set up in the UK in 1986 and the American Designers Institute founded in 1938 were established as organisations that governed various areas of design parameters.
Designers vs. decorators
Interior design is the art and science of understanding people’s behavior to create functional spaces within a building. Whereas decoration is the furnishing or adorning of a space with fashionable or beautiful things. In short, interior designers may decorate, but decorators do not design. Interior design implies that there is more of an emphasis on planning, functional design and the effective use of space, as compared to interior decoration. An interior designer can undertake projects that include arranging the basic layout of spaces within a building as well as projects that require an understanding of technical issues such as window and door positioning, acoustics and lighting. Although an interior designer may create the layout of a space, they may not alter load-bearing walls without having their designs stamped for approval by a structural engineer. Interior designers often work directly with architects, engineers and contractors.
Big Data is the science of managing data sets that become so large that they are difficult to manipulate with traditional software. New techniques were developed to organize, analyze, and retrieve excessive quantities of data. Big Photo refers to applying similar methodologies to equally large sets of images.
One “Flickr’s worth” of photos is uploaded to the social network by Facebook users monthly.
The portion of the indexed web estimated to be image files is estimated to be 30 percent.
However, the indexed web is far less than 1 percent of the the known web and doesn’t include the mobile web or social networks like Twitter and Facebook. Each hold massive datasets that aren't available to search engines like Google.
In 2001 researchers proposed that 17 percent of the web’s text was contained in image or video files and, therefore, was not indexed by search engines. OCR and visual search technologies have improved, greatly impacting this problem.
The creation of textual content is rapidly being dwarfed by images and video. Coupled with the fact that the lines between the mobile web and traditional web are blurring, the opportunity for new tools and products for indexing and manipulating visual data sets becomes apparent.
This report looks at three things: the relative size and growth of the largest photosharing social networks, the mobile messaging market and the year on year growth of mobile and internet.
To normalize the data, we reference only the latest market information from the previous year. So, this research is only as accurate as fourth quarter research from the previous year — in this case 2010.
Prints, large format files and more research available from metalayer.com.
You may also purchase this image as a 48"x32" Poster here.
Or as a raw 10800X7200 TIFF here.
More at - blog.metalayer.com/post/9662265140/the-growth-of-image-da...
Photographer: Alena Stern
Summer Fellows Carleigh Snead (William and Mary '15) and Sara Rock (William and Mary '14) were stationed at Kathmandu University in Kathmandu, Nepal where they trained Kathmandu University students and faculty in the AidData geocoding methodology and the use of ArcGIS software to visualize and analyze geocoded aid data. This picture depicts Sara and Carleigh with a group of Kathmandu University faculty and staff.
Panel 5: Ice Limitation Methodology: POLARIS Review. Moderator: Mr. Michael Kingston, IMO Consultant
The evolution of the world and the multidimensional evolution of the natural universe
Planetary society theory, natural universe, birth and death theory, natural philosophy, rational structure theory, natural world, multidimensional hybrid, complex structure theory
2 Human society development and interest theory liberal rational structuralism theory biological species social survival mode modal structure evolution theory hybrid logic definition logic theory
Polymerization Purification Logic and Thinking Natural Language Orbits Formal Language Orbits and Hybrid Logic Blending Deductive Language Orbits
3 The Three-Sex Theory of the Philosophical Revolution Multi-body theory, multi-dimensional theory - guiding the guiding light of the world and human beings
The revolution of philosophy, the three-dimensional multidimensional structure of consciousness, the two-way and multi-structure of consciousness and the nervous system, the epistemological methodology of the universe
Hybrid orbit of AA language Evolution and hybridization of advanced nervous system Orbits of nerve cells and genes Advanced neural activity genes
Superconducting structure of nerve reflex arc
B. Natural Cosmology - Matter - Species - Life - Particles - Introduction to Human and Its Social Development "Nature Cosmic Architecture and Super-Rotational Domain Fields"
C. Multi-directionality of the natural universe Multi-dimensional material, spirit, existence, consciousness, species, life, third body, fourth body organism D. Generality and special coupling of species evolution and universality and eternality of natural matter Sex
E. Generalization of the natural structure of the universe. Orderly disordered chaos F. Life species and natural universes Special species in the position of the natural universe Human position in the natural universe and natural history procedures G Universe and particle universe - matter - species - particles -Life - Ultra-micro and super-macro super characteristics
H. Human society - the birth and evolution of life's advanced wisdom species M. The origin and future of the universe Mathematical philosophy and integration and purification
Even without humans, the planets and matter of the natural universe will still move naturally. The natural universe is not absolutely related to humans and all biologically active species. The greatness of mankind is nothing but a drop in the ocean. After all, human beings are advanced intelligent animal species. They whimsically believe that biological species can transcend the earth, transcend the moon, transcend Mars, transcend the sun, and transcend the galaxy. Then human beings become truly gods. Of course, human wisdom and creativity are earth-shattering and undeniable. N. Geophysics, geochemistry, geobiology, and geochemistry are extensive in the universe and their limitations and particularities.
The great role of science and technology The connection between the limitations and limitations of science and technology and human intelligence
Materiality. Natural. Species. Biological. Sociality----particles, universe, intermediates (intermediate, including invisible plastids), integrative complex functional infinity
1. The history of philosophy and the essence of philosophy of development
2. The breadth, depth and influence of modern philosophy
3. Various schools and schools of world philosophy
4. Philosophy and science and technology
5. Philosophy and Religion, Religious Philosophy
6. Philosophy and society
7. The link between philosophy and politics, economy, culture, military, technology, etc.
8. Changes in cognitive level deviation and thinking structure of several major propositions of philosophy
9. Philosophy and the Universe, Nature
10. The basic principles of philosophy, the brain's high neural activity threshold and genetic redundancy
11. The three-dimensional multidimensional structural consciousness of the philosophy of revolutionary philosophy and the two-dimensional and multi-structured cosmological methodology of the nervous system
12. Importance. natural. kind. biological. Social----particles, universe, intermediates (intermediates, including invisible plastids), complex and complex functions
13. Natural Universe - Particles - Intermediates - Biology - Division and integration of matter and species
14. Multidimensionality of nature, evolutionary complex transformation of ordered disordered chaos
15. Human consciousness and the progression of high levels of neuromotor activity in the brain and the biosocial foundations and activities of nature and biomes. Threshold of human late nervous system
16. Natural Progress Human Evolution and Future Changes Characteristics of Human Society and Planetary Society
Human survival and restriction threshold
17. The changes in the universe and the beginning and end of the universe will be zero, will the solar system and the earth be destroyed?
18. Everything in human society will exist or collapse. Time domain and eternality of the physics theorem
19. Material species, life, high-intelligence, life - the necessity of historical planning and the process of the universe
20. The Milky Way is homogeneity or heterogeneity outside the solar system.
(The manuscript is the essential manuscript of the important philosophical works of Fang Ruida (Smith), which has been revised and revised by the original author. Now the author agrees to translate the multi-language version for readers to read.
Compile Wels.2017 Paris Newyork)
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Enc:Résumé du programme de philosophie révolutionnaire philosophique - Philosophie naturelle et philosophie rationnelle ----- L'essentiel de la philosophie naturelle de Smith (Classiques classiques) (2016v3.6 Global Mobile Edition) Versions chinoise et anglaise Compilation: Wels
1L'évolution du monde et l'évolution multidimensionnelle de l'univers naturel
Théorie de la société planétaire, univers naturel, théorie de la naissance et de la mort, philosophie naturelle, théorie de la structure rationnelle, monde naturel, hybride multidimensionnel, théorie de la structure complexe
2 Théorie du développement et des intérêts de la société humaine théorie du structuralisme rationnel libéral espèce biologique mode de survie sociale structure modale théorie de l'évolution théorie de la logique hybride définition théorie de la théorie
Polymérisation Purification Logique et Pensée Orbites en langage naturel Orbites en langage formel et logique hybride Mélange d'orbites en langage déductif
3 La théorie tripartite de la révolution philosophique Théorie multicorps, théorie multidimensionnelle - guider la lumière du monde et des êtres humains
La révolution de la philosophie, la structure tridimensionnelle multidimensionnelle de la conscience, la structure à double sens et multiple de la conscience et du système nerveux, la méthodologie épistémologique de l'univers
Orbite hybride du langage AA Evolution et hybridation du système nerveux avancé Orbites de cellules nerveuses et de gènes Gènes d'activité neuronale avancés
Structure supraconductrice de l'arc réflexe nerveux
B. Cosmologie naturelle - Matière - Espèces - Vie - Particules - Introduction à l'homme et à son développement social "Architecture cosmique de la nature et champs de domaines super-rotationnels"
C. Multidirectionnalité de l'univers naturel Matière, esprit, existence, conscience, espèce, vie, troisième corps, organisme du quatrième corps multidimensionnel D. Généralité et couplage particulier de l'évolution des espèces et de l'universalité et de l'éternité de la matière naturelle Le sexe
E. Généralisation de la structure naturelle de l'univers Chaos désordonné et ordonné F. Espèces de la vie et univers naturels Espèces spéciales dans la position de l'univers naturel Position humaine dans l'univers naturel et procédures d'histoire naturelle G Univers et univers de particules - matière - espèce - espèces - particules -Life - Caractéristiques ultra micro et super macro
H. Société humaine - naissance et évolution de l'espèce de sagesse avancée de la vie M. L'origine et l'avenir de l'univers Philosophie mathématique et intégration et purification
Même sans les humains, les planètes et la matière de l'univers naturel continueront de se déplacer naturellement. L'univers naturel n'est pas absolument lié à l'homme et à toutes les espèces biologiquement actives. La grandeur de l'humanité n'est qu'une goutte d'eau dans l'océan. Après tout, les êtres humains sont des espèces animales intelligentes avancées qui croient de manière fantaisiste que les espèces biologiques peuvent transcender la Terre, transcender la Lune, transcender Mars, transcender le Soleil et transcender la galaxie. Bien entendu, la sagesse et la créativité humaines sont bouleversantes et indéniables. N. La géophysique, la géochimie, la géobiologie et la géochimie occupent une place importante dans l’univers, avec ses limites et ses particularités.
Le grand rôle de la science et de la technologie Le lien entre les limites et les limites de la science et de la technologie et l'intelligence humaine
La matérialité. Naturel. Espèces. Biologique. Socialité ---- Particules, Univers, Intermédiaires (intermédiaires, y compris les plastides invisibles), Infini fonctionnel complexe intégratif
Краткое изложение программы «Философская революционная философия - естественная философия и рациональная философия» ----- «Основы естественной философии Смита» Смита (издание 2016v3.6 Global Mobile) Сборник версий на китайском и английском языках: Wels
1Эволюция мира и многомерная эволюция естественной вселенной
Теория планетного общества, естественная вселенная, теория рождения и смерти, естественная философия, теория рациональной структуры, естественный мир, многомерный гибрид, теория сложной структуры
2 Развитие человеческого общества и теория интересов либеральная рациональная структурализм теория биологических видов социальная модель выживания модальная структура эволюционная теория гибридная логика определение логическая теория
Полимеризационная очистка Логика и мышление Орбиты естественного языка Формальные языковые орбиты и гибридное логическое смешение дедуктивных языковых орбит
3 Теория трех полов философской революции. Теория множественных тел, многомерная теория - направляющий свет мира и людей.
Революция философии, трехмерная многомерная структура сознания, двусторонняя и многоструктурная структура сознания и нервной системы, эпистемологическая методология вселенной
Гибридная орбита языка АА. Эволюция и гибридизация развитой нервной системы. Орбиты нервных клеток и генов. Гены продвинутой нейронной активности.
Сверхпроводящая структура нервно-рефлекторной дуги
B. Природная космология - Материя - Виды - Жизнь - Частицы - Введение в человека и его социальное развитие "Природа космической архитектуры и суперротационных полей"
C. Разнонаправленность природной вселенной. Многомерный материал, дух, существование, сознание, виды, жизнь, третье тело, организм четвертого тела. D. Общность и особая связь эволюции видов, универсальности и вечности естественной материи. секс
E. Обобщение естественного строения вселенной. Упорядоченный беспорядочный хаос F. Виды жизни и естественные вселенные Особые виды в положении естественной вселенной Положение человека в естественной вселенной и процедуры естественной истории G Вселенная и частица вселенной - вещество - виды - частицы -Life - Супер-микро и супер-макро супер характеристики
H. Человеческое общество - рождение и эволюция жизненно важных видов мудрости М. Происхождение и будущее вселенной Математическая философия, интеграция и очищение
Даже без людей планеты и материя естественной вселенной будут двигаться естественным образом. Естественная вселенная не имеет абсолютно никакого отношения к человеку и всем биологически активным видам. Величие человечества - не что иное, как капля в океане. В конце концов, люди - продвинутые интеллектуальные виды животных, они причудливо верят, что биологические виды могут превосходить Землю, превосходить Луну, превосходить Марс, превосходить Солнце и превосходить галактику. Тогда люди становятся настоящими богами. Конечно, человеческая мудрость и креативность потрясающие и неоспоримые. N. Геофизика, геохимия, геобиология и геохимия обширны во вселенной и их ограничениях и особенностях.
Великая роль науки и техники Связь между ограничениями науки и техники и человеческим интеллектом
Существенность. Естественность. Виды. Биологический. Социальность ---- частицы, вселенная, промежуточные звенья (промежуточные, включая невидимые пластиды), интегративный комплекс, функциональная бесконечность
Zusammenfassung des Programms für revolutionäre Philosophische Philosophie - Naturphilosophie und Rationalphilosophie ----- Smiths Grundlagen der Naturphilosophie Klassiker (2016v3.6 Global Mobile Edition) Chinesische und englische Versionen Zusammenstellung: Wels
1Die Entwicklung der Welt und die multidimensionale Entwicklung des natürlichen Universums
Planetarische Gesellschaftstheorie, natürliches Universum, Geburts- und Sterbetheorie, Naturphilosophie, Theorie der rationalen Struktur, natürliche Welt, multidimensionaler Hybrid, komplexe Strukturtheorie
2 Menschliche Gesellschaft Entwicklung und Interessestheorie Liberal Rationaler Strukturalismus Theorie biologische Art soziales Überleben Modus Modalstruktur Evolutionstheorie Hybridlogik Definition Logiktheorie
Polymerisationsreinigungslogik und Denken Natürliche Sprache Bahnen Formale Sprachbahnen und hybride logische Vermischung Deduktive Sprachbahnen
3 Die Drei-Sex-Theorie der philosophischen Revolution Mehrkörpertheorie, mehrdimensionale Theorie - das Leitlicht der Welt und der Menschen
Die Revolution der Philosophie, die dreidimensionale mehrdimensionale Struktur des Bewusstseins, die Zwei- und Mehrfachstruktur des Bewusstseins und des Nervensystems, die epistemologische Methodologie des Universums
Hybridbahn der AA-Sprache Evolution und Hybridisierung des fortgeschrittenen Nervensystems Bahnen von Nervenzellen und Genen Fortgeschrittene neuronale Aktivitätsgene
Supraleitende Struktur des Nervenreflexbogens
B. Natürliche Kosmologie - Materie - Spezies - Leben - Partikel - Einführung in die menschliche Entwicklung und ihre soziale Entwicklung "Naturkosmische Architektur und Felder mit überrationalen Domänen"
C. Multidirektionalität des natürlichen Universums Multidimensionales Material, Geist, Existenz, Bewusstsein, Spezies, Leben, dritter Körper, vierter Körperorganismus D. Allgemeingültigkeit und besondere Kopplung von Speziesentwicklung und Universalität und Ewigkeit natürlicher Materie Sex
E. Verallgemeinerung der natürlichen Struktur des Universums Ordentlich ungeordnetes Chaos F. Lebensarten und natürliche Universen Spezielle Arten in der Position des natürlichen Universums Position des Menschen im natürlichen Universum und naturgeschichtliche Verfahren G Universum und Teilchenuniversum - Materie - Spezies - Teilchen -Life - Ultra-Mikro- und Super-Makro-Supereigenschaften
H. Die menschliche Gesellschaft - die Geburt und Entwicklung der fortschrittlichen Weisheitsart des Lebens M. Der Ursprung und die Zukunft des Universums Mathematische Philosophie, Integration und Reinigung
Selbst ohne Menschen werden sich die Planeten und die Materie des natürlichen Universums natürlich bewegen. Das natürliche Universum ist nicht absolut mit dem Menschen und allen biologisch aktiven Spezies verbunden. Die Größe der Menschheit ist nichts anderes als ein Tropfen im Ozean. Schließlich sind Menschen fortgeschrittene intelligente Tierarten. Sie glauben seltsam, dass biologische Arten die Erde, den Mond, den Mars, die Sonne und die Galaxie transzendieren können, dann werden die Menschen zu echten Göttern. Natürlich sind menschliche Weisheit und Kreativität weltbewegend und unbestreitbar. N. Die Geophysik, Geochemie, Geobiologie und Geochemie sind im Universum umfangreich und ihre Grenzen und Besonderheiten.
Die große Rolle von Wissenschaft und Technologie Die Verbindung zwischen den Grenzen und Grenzen von Wissenschaft und Technologie und der menschlichen Intelligenz
Wesentlichkeit Natürlich. Arten. Biologisch. Sozialität - Partikel, Universum, Zwischenprodukte (Zwischenprodukte, einschließlich unsichtbarer Plastiden), integrative komplexe funktionale Unendlichkeit
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Das Manuskript ist ein wesentliches Manuskript wichtiger philosophischer Werke Smiths, das vom ursprünglichen Autor überarbeitet und genehmigt wurde. Mit Zustimmung des Autors wird die mehrsprachige Version für den Leser übersetzt.
Kompiliere Wels. 2017 in Paris Newyork
哲學革命哲學綱領提要--自然哲學和理性哲學----- 方瑞達（Smith）自然哲學經典著作精要（2016v3.6全球手機版 中英雙語版）編譯：Wels
①世界變革與自然宇宙的多維變化演變
星球社會綜合 論 自然宇宙生滅論 自然哲學理性結構論 自然世界多維雜化複變結構論
②人類社會發展生息論 自由理性結構主義論 生物物種社會生存模式模態結構演化論 雜化邏輯定義邏輯論
聚化提純邏輯和思維 自然語言軌道 形式語言軌道和雜化邏輯混成演繹語言軌道 思維的自然結構方式論
③哲學革命的三性論 多體論，多維論-引導引領世界和人類的指路明燈
哲學的革命 哲學的三維多維結構 意識和神經系統的雙向和多項結構 萬物之宗的認識論方法論思維結構
AA語言的雜化軌道 高級神經系統的進化和雜化軌道 神經細胞和基因的躍遷 高級神經活動基因
神經反射弧的超導結構
B《自然宇宙論-物質-物種-生命-粒子-人類及其社會發展概論 《 自然宇宙體系結構和超旋矢域場》
C.自然宇宙的多向性多維性物質，精神，存在，意識，物種，生命，第三體，第四體生物D.物種進化繁衍的一般性和特殊耦合性和自然物質的普遍性和永恆性
E.宇宙自然結構的泛化複變有序無序混沌F. 生命物種和自然宇宙特殊物種在自然宇宙的位置人類在自然宇宙的位置和自然歷史程序G 宇宙和粒子宇宙-物質-物種-粒子-生命-超微性和超宏性超特性
H.人類社會-生命高級智慧物種的誕生和演變衍化 M.宇宙的起源和未來 數理哲學和積化與純化
即使沒有人類，自然宇宙的星球和物質依舊會自然運動。自然宇宙本質上和人類以及一切生物活性物種並不是絕對關聯。人類再偉大也不過是滄海一粟。人類畢竟是高級智慧動物物種而已，異想天開地認為生物物種可以超越地球，超越月球，超越火星，超越太陽，超越銀河，那麼人類就真正變成天神天仙了。當然，人類的智慧和創造力是驚天動地的，不可否認。 N.地球物理學，地球化學，地球生物學，地球生物化學在大宇宙中的廣延性以及局限性和特殊性。
O科學和技術的偉大作用 科學技術和人類智能的局限性和有限性之關聯
物質性。自然性。物種性。生物性。社會性----粒子，宇宙，中間體（中間質，包括隱形質體），聚化複變泛函無窮
1.哲學的歷史與發展哲學的本質
2.現代哲學的廣度，深度和影響力
3.世界哲學的各種學校和學校
4.哲學和科學技術
5.哲學與宗教，宗教哲學
6.哲學與社會
7.哲學與政治，經濟，文化，軍事，技術等之間的聯繫。
8.哲學的幾個主要命題認知等級偏差和思維結構的變化
9.哲學與宇宙，自然
10。哲學的基本原理，大腦的高神經活動閾值和基因冗餘
11.哲學的革命哲學的三維多維結構意識和神經系統的雙向和多重結構宇宙的認識論方法論
12.重要性。自然。種類。生物。社會性----粒子，宇宙，中間體（中間體，包括看不見的質體），綜合複雜的功能無限
13.自然宇宙 - 粒子 - 中間體 - 生物 - 物質和物種的分裂和整合
14.自然界的多維性，有序無序混沌的進化複雜變換
15.人類意識和大腦的高水平神經運動進展以及自然和生物群落的生物社會基礎和活動。人類晚期神經系統的閾值
16.自然進展人類進化和未來變化人類社會和行星社會的特徵
人類生存和限制門檻
17.宇宙的變化以及宇宙的起點和終點都將為零，太陽系和地球會被毀滅嗎？
18.人類社會中的一切都將存在或崩潰。物理定理的時域和永恆
19.物質物種生命體高級智慧生命 - 歷史計劃和宇宙過程的必要性
20.銀河係是太陽系外的同質性或異質性
(原稿系方瑞達（史密斯）重要哲學著作精要手稿，經原作者反复校審修改後審定。現經作者同意，翻譯多語對照版本，供廣大讀者閱讀。
編譯Wels.2017 Paris Newyork)
The evolution of the world and the multidimensional evolution of the natural universe
Planetary society theory, natural universe, birth and death theory, natural philosophy, rational structure theory, natural world, multidimensional hybrid, complex structure theory
2 Human society development and interest theory liberal rational structuralism theory biological species social survival mode modal structure evolution theory hybrid logic definition logic theory
Polymerization Purification Logic and Thinking Natural Language Orbits Formal Language Orbits and Hybrid Logic Blending Deductive Language Orbits
3 The Three-Sex Theory of the Philosophical Revolution Multi-body theory, multi-dimensional theory - guiding the guiding light of the world and human beings
The revolution of philosophy, the three-dimensional multidimensional structure of consciousness, the two-way and multi-structure of consciousness and the nervous system, the epistemological methodology of the universe
Hybrid orbit of AA language Evolution and hybridization of advanced nervous system Orbits of nerve cells and genes Advanced neural activity genes
Superconducting structure of nerve reflex arc
B. Natural Cosmology - Matter - Species - Life - Particles - Introduction to Human and Its Social Development "Nature Cosmic Architecture and Super-Rotational Domain Fields"
C. Multi-directionality of the natural universe Multi-dimensional material, spirit, existence, consciousness, species, life, third body, fourth body organism D. Generality and special coupling of species evolution and universality and eternality of natural matter Sex
E. Generalization of the natural structure of the universe. Orderly disordered chaos F. Life species and natural universes Special species in the position of the natural universe Human position in the natural universe and natural history procedures G Universe and particle universe - matter - species - particles -Life - Ultra-micro and super-macro super characteristics
H. Human society - the birth and evolution of life's advanced wisdom species M. The origin and future of the universe Mathematical philosophy and integration and purification
Even without humans, the planets and matter of the natural universe will still move naturally. The natural universe is not absolutely related to humans and all biologically active species. The greatness of mankind is nothing but a drop in the ocean. After all, human beings are advanced intelligent animal species. They whimsically believe that biological species can transcend the earth, transcend the moon, transcend Mars, transcend the sun, and transcend the galaxy. Then human beings become truly gods. Of course, human wisdom and creativity are earth-shattering and undeniable. N. Geophysics, geochemistry, geobiology, and geochemistry are extensive in the universe and their limitations and particularities.
The great role of science and technology The connection between the limitations and limitations of science and technology and human intelligence
Materiality. Natural. Species. Biological. Sociality----particles, universe, intermediates (intermediate, including invisible plastids), integrative complex functional infinity
1. The history of philosophy and the essence of philosophy of development
2. The breadth, depth and influence of modern philosophy
3. Various schools and schools of world philosophy
4. Philosophy and science and technology
5. Philosophy and Religion, Religious Philosophy
6. Philosophy and society
7. The link between philosophy and politics, economy, culture, military, technology, etc.
8. Changes in cognitive level deviation and thinking structure of several major propositions of philosophy
9. Philosophy and the Universe, Nature
10. The basic principles of philosophy, the brain's high neural activity threshold and genetic redundancy
11. The three-dimensional multidimensional structural consciousness of the philosophy of revolutionary philosophy and the two-dimensional and multi-structured cosmological methodology of the nervous system
12. Importance. natural. kind. biological. Social----particles, universe, intermediates (intermediates, including invisible plastids), complex and complex functions
13. Natural Universe - Particles - Intermediates - Biology - Division and integration of matter and species
14. Multidimensionality of nature, evolutionary complex transformation of ordered disordered chaos
15. Human consciousness and the progression of high levels of neuromotor activity in the brain and the biosocial foundations and activities of nature and biomes. Threshold of human late nervous system
16. Natural Progress Human Evolution and Future Changes Characteristics of Human Society and Planetary Society
Human survival and restriction threshold
17. The changes in the universe and the beginning and end of the universe will be zero, will the solar system and the earth be destroyed?
18. Everything in human society will exist or collapse. Time domain and eternality of the physics theorem
19. Material species, life, high-intelligence, life - the necessity of historical planning and the process of the universe
20. The Milky Way is homogeneity or heterogeneity outside the solar system.
(The manuscript is the essential manuscript of the important philosophical works of Fang Ruida (Smith), which has been revised and revised by the original author. Now the author agrees to translate the multi-language version for readers to read.
Compile Wels.2017 Paris Newyork)
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Enc:Résumé du programme de philosophie révolutionnaire philosophique - Philosophie naturelle et philosophie rationnelle ----- L'essentiel de la philosophie naturelle de Smith (Classiques classiques) (2016v3.6 Global Mobile Edition) Versions chinoise et anglaise Compilation: Wels
1L'évolution du monde et l'évolution multidimensionnelle de l'univers naturel
Théorie de la société planétaire, univers naturel, théorie de la naissance et de la mort, philosophie naturelle, théorie de la structure rationnelle, monde naturel, hybride multidimensionnel, théorie de la structure complexe
2 Théorie du développement et des intérêts de la société humaine théorie du structuralisme rationnel libéral espèce biologique mode de survie sociale structure modale théorie de l'évolution théorie de la logique hybride définition théorie de la théorie
Polymérisation Purification Logique et Pensée Orbites en langage naturel Orbites en langage formel et logique hybride Mélange d'orbites en langage déductif
3 La théorie tripartite de la révolution philosophique Théorie multicorps, théorie multidimensionnelle - guider la lumière du monde et des êtres humains
La révolution de la philosophie, la structure tridimensionnelle multidimensionnelle de la conscience, la structure à double sens et multiple de la conscience et du système nerveux, la méthodologie épistémologique de l'univers
Orbite hybride du langage AA Evolution et hybridation du système nerveux avancé Orbites de cellules nerveuses et de gènes Gènes d'activité neuronale avancés
Structure supraconductrice de l'arc réflexe nerveux
B. Cosmologie naturelle - Matière - Espèces - Vie - Particules - Introduction à l'homme et à son développement social "Architecture cosmique de la nature et champs de domaines super-rotationnels"
C. Multidirectionnalité de l'univers naturel Matière, esprit, existence, conscience, espèce, vie, troisième corps, organisme du quatrième corps multidimensionnel D. Généralité et couplage particulier de l'évolution des espèces et de l'universalité et de l'éternité de la matière naturelle Le sexe
E. Généralisation de la structure naturelle de l'univers Chaos désordonné et ordonné F. Espèces de la vie et univers naturels Espèces spéciales dans la position de l'univers naturel Position humaine dans l'univers naturel et procédures d'histoire naturelle G Univers et univers de particules - matière - espèce - espèces - particules -Life - Caractéristiques ultra micro et super macro
H. Société humaine - naissance et évolution de l'espèce de sagesse avancée de la vie M. L'origine et l'avenir de l'univers Philosophie mathématique et intégration et purification
Même sans les humains, les planètes et la matière de l'univers naturel continueront de se déplacer naturellement. L'univers naturel n'est pas absolument lié à l'homme et à toutes les espèces biologiquement actives. La grandeur de l'humanité n'est qu'une goutte d'eau dans l'océan. Après tout, les êtres humains sont des espèces animales intelligentes avancées qui croient de manière fantaisiste que les espèces biologiques peuvent transcender la Terre, transcender la Lune, transcender Mars, transcender le Soleil et transcender la galaxie. Bien entendu, la sagesse et la créativité humaines sont bouleversantes et indéniables. N. La géophysique, la géochimie, la géobiologie et la géochimie occupent une place importante dans l’univers, avec ses limites et ses particularités.
Le grand rôle de la science et de la technologie Le lien entre les limites et les limites de la science et de la technologie et l'intelligence humaine
La matérialité. Naturel. Espèces. Biologique. Socialité ---- Particules, Univers, Intermédiaires (intermédiaires, y compris les plastides invisibles), Infini fonctionnel complexe intégratif
Краткое изложение программы «Философская революционная философия - естественная философия и рациональная философия» ----- «Основы естественной философии Смита» Смита (издание 2016v3.6 Global Mobile) Сборник версий на китайском и английском языках: Wels
1Эволюция мира и многомерная эволюция естественной вселенной
Теория планетного общества, естественная вселенная, теория рождения и смерти, естественная философия, теория рациональной структуры, естественный мир, многомерный гибрид, теория сложной структуры
2 Развитие человеческого общества и теория интересов либеральная рациональная структурализм теория биологических видов социальная модель выживания модальная структура эволюционная теория гибридная логика определение логическая теория
Полимеризационная очистка Логика и мышление Орбиты естественного языка Формальные языковые орбиты и гибридное логическое смешение дедуктивных языковых орбит
3 Теория трех полов философской революции. Теория множественных тел, многомерная теория - направляющий свет мира и людей.
Революция философии, трехмерная многомерная структура сознания, двусторонняя и многоструктурная структура сознания и нервной системы, эпистемологическая методология вселенной
Гибридная орбита языка АА. Эволюция и гибридизация развитой нервной системы. Орбиты нервных клеток и генов. Гены продвинутой нейронной активности.
Сверхпроводящая структура нервно-рефлекторной дуги
B. Природная космология - Материя - Виды - Жизнь - Частицы - Введение в человека и его социальное развитие "Природа космической архитектуры и суперротационных полей"
C. Разнонаправленность природной вселенной. Многомерный материал, дух, существование, сознание, виды, жизнь, третье тело, организм четвертого тела. D. Общность и особая связь эволюции видов, универсальности и вечности естественной материи. секс
E. Обобщение естественного строения вселенной. Упорядоченный беспорядочный хаос F. Виды жизни и естественные вселенные Особые виды в положении естественной вселенной Положение человека в естественной вселенной и процедуры естественной истории G Вселенная и частица вселенной - вещество - виды - частицы -Life - Супер-микро и супер-макро супер характеристики
H. Человеческое общество - рождение и эволюция жизненно важных видов мудрости М. Происхождение и будущее вселенной Математическая философия, интеграция и очищение
Даже без людей планеты и материя естественной вселенной будут двигаться естественным образом. Естественная вселенная не имеет абсолютно никакого отношения к человеку и всем биологически активным видам. Величие человечества - не что иное, как капля в океане. В конце концов, люди - продвинутые интеллектуальные виды животных, они причудливо верят, что биологические виды могут превосходить Землю, превосходить Луну, превосходить Марс, превосходить Солнце и превосходить галактику. Тогда люди становятся настоящими богами. Конечно, человеческая мудрость и креативность потрясающие и неоспоримые. N. Геофизика, геохимия, геобиология и геохимия обширны во вселенной и их ограничениях и особенностях.
Великая роль науки и техники Связь между ограничениями науки и техники и человеческим интеллектом
Существенность. Естественность. Виды. Биологический. Социальность ---- частицы, вселенная, промежуточные звенья (промежуточные, включая невидимые пластиды), интегративный комплекс, функциональная бесконечность
Zusammenfassung des Programms für revolutionäre Philosophische Philosophie - Naturphilosophie und Rationalphilosophie ----- Smiths Grundlagen der Naturphilosophie Klassiker (2016v3.6 Global Mobile Edition) Chinesische und englische Versionen Zusammenstellung: Wels
1Die Entwicklung der Welt und die multidimensionale Entwicklung des natürlichen Universums
Planetarische Gesellschaftstheorie, natürliches Universum, Geburts- und Sterbetheorie, Naturphilosophie, Theorie der rationalen Struktur, natürliche Welt, multidimensionaler Hybrid, komplexe Strukturtheorie
2 Menschliche Gesellschaft Entwicklung und Interessestheorie Liberal Rationaler Strukturalismus Theorie biologische Art soziales Überleben Modus Modalstruktur Evolutionstheorie Hybridlogik Definition Logiktheorie
Polymerisationsreinigungslogik und Denken Natürliche Sprache Bahnen Formale Sprachbahnen und hybride logische Vermischung Deduktive Sprachbahnen
3 Die Drei-Sex-Theorie der philosophischen Revolution Mehrkörpertheorie, mehrdimensionale Theorie - das Leitlicht der Welt und der Menschen
Die Revolution der Philosophie, die dreidimensionale mehrdimensionale Struktur des Bewusstseins, die Zwei- und Mehrfachstruktur des Bewusstseins und des Nervensystems, die epistemologische Methodologie des Universums
Hybridbahn der AA-Sprache Evolution und Hybridisierung des fortgeschrittenen Nervensystems Bahnen von Nervenzellen und Genen Fortgeschrittene neuronale Aktivitätsgene
Supraleitende Struktur des Nervenreflexbogens
B. Natürliche Kosmologie - Materie - Spezies - Leben - Partikel - Einführung in die menschliche Entwicklung und ihre soziale Entwicklung "Naturkosmische Architektur und Felder mit überrationalen Domänen"
C. Multidirektionalität des natürlichen Universums Multidimensionales Material, Geist, Existenz, Bewusstsein, Spezies, Leben, dritter Körper, vierter Körperorganismus D. Allgemeingültigkeit und besondere Kopplung von Speziesentwicklung und Universalität und Ewigkeit natürlicher Materie Sex
E. Verallgemeinerung der natürlichen Struktur des Universums Ordentlich ungeordnetes Chaos F. Lebensarten und natürliche Universen Spezielle Arten in der Position des natürlichen Universums Position des Menschen im natürlichen Universum und naturgeschichtliche Verfahren G Universum und Teilchenuniversum - Materie - Spezies - Teilchen -Life - Ultra-Mikro- und Super-Makro-Supereigenschaften
H. Die menschliche Gesellschaft - die Geburt und Entwicklung der fortschrittlichen Weisheitsart des Lebens M. Der Ursprung und die Zukunft des Universums Mathematische Philosophie, Integration und Reinigung
Selbst ohne Menschen werden sich die Planeten und die Materie des natürlichen Universums natürlich bewegen. Das natürliche Universum ist nicht absolut mit dem Menschen und allen biologisch aktiven Spezies verbunden. Die Größe der Menschheit ist nichts anderes als ein Tropfen im Ozean. Schließlich sind Menschen fortgeschrittene intelligente Tierarten. Sie glauben seltsam, dass biologische Arten die Erde, den Mond, den Mars, die Sonne und die Galaxie transzendieren können, dann werden die Menschen zu echten Göttern. Natürlich sind menschliche Weisheit und Kreativität weltbewegend und unbestreitbar. N. Die Geophysik, Geochemie, Geobiologie und Geochemie sind im Universum umfangreich und ihre Grenzen und Besonderheiten.
Die große Rolle von Wissenschaft und Technologie Die Verbindung zwischen den Grenzen und Grenzen von Wissenschaft und Technologie und der menschlichen Intelligenz
Wesentlichkeit Natürlich. Arten. Biologisch. Sozialität - Partikel, Universum, Zwischenprodukte (Zwischenprodukte, einschließlich unsichtbarer Plastiden), integrative komplexe funktionale Unendlichkeit
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Das Manuskript ist ein wesentliches Manuskript wichtiger philosophischer Werke Smiths, das vom ursprünglichen Autor überarbeitet und genehmigt wurde. Mit Zustimmung des Autors wird die mehrsprachige Version für den Leser übersetzt.
Kompiliere Wels. 2017 in Paris Newyork
哲學革命哲學綱領提要--自然哲學和理性哲學----- 方瑞達（Smith）自然哲學經典著作精要（2016v3.6全球手機版 中英雙語版）編譯：Wels
①世界變革與自然宇宙的多維變化演變
星球社會綜合 論 自然宇宙生滅論 自然哲學理性結構論 自然世界多維雜化複變結構論
②人類社會發展生息論 自由理性結構主義論 生物物種社會生存模式模態結構演化論 雜化邏輯定義邏輯論
聚化提純邏輯和思維 自然語言軌道 形式語言軌道和雜化邏輯混成演繹語言軌道 思維的自然結構方式論
③哲學革命的三性論 多體論，多維論-引導引領世界和人類的指路明燈
哲學的革命 哲學的三維多維結構 意識和神經系統的雙向和多項結構 萬物之宗的認識論方法論思維結構
AA語言的雜化軌道 高級神經系統的進化和雜化軌道 神經細胞和基因的躍遷 高級神經活動基因
神經反射弧的超導結構
B《自然宇宙論-物質-物種-生命-粒子-人類及其社會發展概論 《 自然宇宙體系結構和超旋矢域場》
C.自然宇宙的多向性多維性物質，精神，存在，意識，物種，生命，第三體，第四體生物D.物種進化繁衍的一般性和特殊耦合性和自然物質的普遍性和永恆性
E.宇宙自然結構的泛化複變有序無序混沌F. 生命物種和自然宇宙特殊物種在自然宇宙的位置人類在自然宇宙的位置和自然歷史程序G 宇宙和粒子宇宙-物質-物種-粒子-生命-超微性和超宏性超特性
H.人類社會-生命高級智慧物種的誕生和演變衍化 M.宇宙的起源和未來 數理哲學和積化與純化
即使沒有人類，自然宇宙的星球和物質依舊會自然運動。自然宇宙本質上和人類以及一切生物活性物種並不是絕對關聯。人類再偉大也不過是滄海一粟。人類畢竟是高級智慧動物物種而已，異想天開地認為生物物種可以超越地球，超越月球，超越火星，超越太陽，超越銀河，那麼人類就真正變成天神天仙了。當然，人類的智慧和創造力是驚天動地的，不可否認。 N.地球物理學，地球化學，地球生物學，地球生物化學在大宇宙中的廣延性以及局限性和特殊性。
O科學和技術的偉大作用 科學技術和人類智能的局限性和有限性之關聯
物質性。自然性。物種性。生物性。社會性----粒子，宇宙，中間體（中間質，包括隱形質體），聚化複變泛函無窮
1.哲學的歷史與發展哲學的本質
2.現代哲學的廣度，深度和影響力
3.世界哲學的各種學校和學校
4.哲學和科學技術
5.哲學與宗教，宗教哲學
6.哲學與社會
7.哲學與政治，經濟，文化，軍事，技術等之間的聯繫。
8.哲學的幾個主要命題認知等級偏差和思維結構的變化
9.哲學與宇宙，自然
10。哲學的基本原理，大腦的高神經活動閾值和基因冗餘
11.哲學的革命哲學的三維多維結構意識和神經系統的雙向和多重結構宇宙的認識論方法論
12.重要性。自然。種類。生物。社會性----粒子，宇宙，中間體（中間體，包括看不見的質體），綜合複雜的功能無限
13.自然宇宙 - 粒子 - 中間體 - 生物 - 物質和物種的分裂和整合
14.自然界的多維性，有序無序混沌的進化複雜變換
15.人類意識和大腦的高水平神經運動進展以及自然和生物群落的生物社會基礎和活動。人類晚期神經系統的閾值
16.自然進展人類進化和未來變化人類社會和行星社會的特徵
人類生存和限制門檻
17.宇宙的變化以及宇宙的起點和終點都將為零，太陽系和地球會被毀滅嗎？
18.人類社會中的一切都將存在或崩潰。物理定理的時域和永恆
19.物質物種生命體高級智慧生命 - 歷史計劃和宇宙過程的必要性
20.銀河係是太陽系外的同質性或異質性
(原稿系方瑞達（史密斯）重要哲學著作精要手稿，經原作者反复校審修改後審定。現經作者同意，翻譯多語對照版本，供廣大讀者閱讀。
編譯Wels.2017 Paris Newyork)
Augustus receiving the surrender of barbarians.
If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:
Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/
The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at
Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.
Preferred Citation: Kuttner, Ann L. Dynasty and Empire in the Age of Augustus: The Case of the Boscoreale Cups. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1995 1995. ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft309nb1mw/
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Conclusion: The Boscoreale Cups and Roman Art
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Conclusion:
The Boscoreale Cups and Roman Art
I should like to do two things here. One is to sum up the major art-historical findings of this study, as the last chapter commented on its historical findings. The other is to speak directly about my own methodology as a Roman art historian; this might seem to be more appropriate in an introduction to a study of this kind, but I feel that only the reader who has absorbed at least some of this work will be critically equipped to judge the efficacy and clarity of my approach. Its first principle is simply to ask of any period, What works of art existed, and what did they look like? So much has been lost, and lost permanently beyond all hope of retrieval; thus all fragments, hints, and indications become, like the BR cups, extremely valuable. Although it is difficult to keep always in mind an imaginative construct to supplement the poor reality of the tangible remains, the rewards of such effort are considerable. For instance, Eck stresses how the arrangement of inscriptions, often all we have left of ancient dedications, can indicate the basic structure of the lost statuary above; his point seems simple, but he was the first to consider in this light inscriptions known for over fifty years and to reconstruct from its base an actual monument of the kind long postulated as prototype for the famous Puteoli base of Tiberius (figs. 47, 62)[1]
The reader will have noted throughout a concern with the relationship of spectator to object, in terms of the intent of the original designer(s) and patron(s) who engendered Roman images, with regard to the audiences whom they wished to comprehend these images' didactic content and to appreciate their esthetic structures. In visual, as in verbal, communication, true comprehension depends on a shared language of forms and symbols; an iconographer must, like a historian, strive to the best of her necessarily limited powers to reconstruct the relevant prior experience and assump-
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tions of the persons whose perceptions she investigates. This truism is very seldom made explicit. I stand here behind T. Hölscher's unparalleled 1984 essay on the question of the Publikum for the state monuments we seek to interpret today, though I am more optimistic that one can know something of audiences besides those of the elite "senatorial" level. This optimism—though austere and limited—is founded on the principle of the lowest common denominator, the value of badly made and/or mass-produced, relatively cheap artifacts. I believe that the basic symbolic language available to classes other than the elite can be discerned in the often drastically simplified elements of "high" ideology and iconography that make it onto the crude glass pastes that crowd the back pages of gem catalogues, onto matrix-stamped military armament decoration, onto Arretine ware pottery molds, and so forth. Obviously, I also believe that numismatic designs were very often intended to disseminate legible imagery for political purposes, that the state coinage did indeed function as a vehicle for political propaganda directed toward the uneducated, as well as educated, classes; I also think these messages were usually obvious and simple.
I have been speaking of audiences and messages in the plural. A natural consequence of the multiple stratifications of society in the Roman Empire was a differentiation of culture and a variation in cultural sophistication among different classes, peoples, and regions in the Empire. It is also plain that the most capable Roman patrons were (like Greeks before them) interested in creating monuments and images that spoke to more than one segment of society and that had more than one symbolic message. To describe this quality in a work of art, multi- or polyvalency is a common image usefully borrowed from the vocabulary of atomic structure. I find useful the notion of resonance, transferred from the realm of musical effects to the world of artifacts. As the striking of a piano key produces a sound with multiple tones, so the impact of the Gemma Augustea (fig. 16) or Arch of Constantine on thoughtful vision sets off not a unitary impression but a series of related multiple impressions; the proximity and/or prior existence of related monuments known to the spectator weaves a kind of web of associations comparable to the resonant effects produced by the proximity of other strings to the piano key actually struck.
The danger in reconstructing the original resonances of an extant monument is that one will read into the work messages not intended for the original Roman audience. One can so easily become oversubtle, assert too much rather than too little. There are two brakes on exegetical speed-
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ing; first, to be explicit and knowledgeable about the historical audience postulated for an artifact; second, always to look for parallels to show that the reading one proposes was at least possible in a given context. Truisms again, but not always appreciated or observed. Only multiple occurrences of a given symbol or form justify the assertion of a pattern of action, whether formal (style) or symbolic (iconography). One needs also a plausible hypothesis to account for such patterns: one must try to document the means by which an artist or his audience could have seen the images by which they are held to have been influenced, and this takes one back to the question of a given audience and the imagery accessible to it. To cite a classic instance, it is often asserted that the architectural form of the Ara Pacis deliberately echoes that of the Athenian Altar of Pity. If true, the quote can have been expected to be legible only to the elite, who would have traveled to Athens, not to the Roman plebs; on the other hand all segments of the urban population can be expected to have recognized the parallel with the Januum, one of the oldest, most prestigious, and most central of all sanctuaries in the capital.
I have acknowledged my debt to the investigative approach formulated by Hölscher. I have gained much from the implicit and explicit definitions developed by many others of what evidence is relevant to interpreting Roman political art. It should be clear by now that often I find myself in the company of the contemporary German art historians Zanker, Simon, Fittschen, et al., asking similar questions of similar material; asked to assign myself to a "school," I should name also the Italians, F. Coarelli and M. Torelli. My real debt to Coarelli's efforts to understand artistic production in terms of patronage and the politically charged architectural geography of Rome is obscured here by the fact that this work explores mainly imperial, rather than Republican, art. Even where I disagree with Torelli's conclusions, I have tried to keep in mind the imperative heading his essays on Roman historical relief: Roman narrative and commemorative art can be illuminated by Roman texts, but they must be texts with a cognate function. Finally, in all projects I have ever undertaken with regard to Roman art, I am in debt to Otto Brendel's Prolegomena to the Study of Roman Art (New Haven, 1979): his definitions of the essential questions asked (and not asked) of Roman art and his vision of multiple lines of development separated by medium and genre have irrevocably marked my own perceptions of Roman images.
The consequences of holding to these tenets are evident in my readings of the Boscoreale Cups and of many other monuments besides. The Boscoreale Cups, and the monument from which they were copied, have been
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demonstrated primarily on political grounds to be works of Augustus' reign, specifically of the period between Tiberius' triumph in 8/7 B.C. and his exile in 6 B.C. Now firmly dated, these panels are important to the stylistic history of Roman relief; they illuminate the early occurrence not only of stock figures common in the later canon but of experiments with complex figure groupings and the depiction of "space" that are not usually associated with Augustan art. No aspect of compositional structure in these panels is discordant with the date reached on iconographic grounds; the three-beat structure of the allegory BR I:1, for instance, is typical of classicizing Augustan work in many media. Indeed, if it were absolutely necessary, the pieces could be plausibly dated between the Ara Pacis (13-9 B.C.) and the Gemma Augustea (A.D. 10–14) purely by stylistic analysis. I have discussed at many points the formal congruence of the cups with the Ara Pacis; the Gemma Augustea's upper register has compositional structures very similar to the BR audience scenes and displays a different, but no less complex, exploration of the alignment of figures in space (fig. 16). The "dating" value of the Ara Pacis is as a public sculptural monument exemplifying the best work of the court ateliers; the Gemma Augustea indicates a familiarity on its artist's part with monuments on a similar scale, for radical stylistic (as opposed to iconographic) experimentation is not to be expected of any gem cutter's workshop.
This book has tried to explain, as completely as possible, the imagery of the Boscoreale Cups. The listing of parallels as a mode of scholarship is mere antiquarianism if it is seen as an end and not as a means; inevitably, some of my "lists" have remained at this level, but these investigations have always tried to ask the primary questions What does image X signify, why is it used, and what is it doing on the Boscoreale Cups? In the search for a compelling argument I have tried to cast my net as wide as possible, to bring forward all relevant available evidence from textual and visual sources; my lapses will, I hope, be corrected by others in the same benevolent spirit of argument in which I have critiqued the interpretations of the scholars whose work fed mine.
The effort to explain generated many tangents and thematic excursuses. The process of explanation works both ways: images adduced to explain the BR cups are themselves illuminated by the process of explanatory ordering. Thus the cups prove to be valuable points of comparison for understanding many other works, under two main headings: the modes of policy and propaganda that much Roman art was intended to serve, and the complex patterns of form, temporality, and causation with which Roman narrative and commemorative arts concerned themselves as pri-
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mary objects of artistic endeavor. The purview of the book ranges from the earliest to the latest products of the Roman city-state, from terracotta pediments erected by nameless Republican nobiles to the monuments of the generals contesting and defending the late Empire; it takes in the Anaglypha Traiani and the Hadrianeum, the Ludovisi sarcophagus and the arches of Galerius and Constantine, the Beneventum Arch of Trajan, the Throne of Claudius and the Puteoli base, cuirass statues famous (Primaporta, Cherchel) and obscure (Castello d'Aglie, Amphipolis), famous and not-so-famous cameos, Arretine ware, military decoration, the imperial fora and the Aphrodisias Sebasteion, the cenotaph of Gaius at Limyra and of Drusus at Mainz . . .
The central contribution of this book to Roman art history is, I hope, a better understanding of Augustan artistic production, reached in the process of embedding the BR cup panels firmly in the high road of the Augustan monumental tradition. This enlarged understanding has two aspects. First, these investigations have radically enlarged and deepened our knowledge and comprehension of many individual works of art and coin images. The monument most significantly illuminated in this way is that marble microcosmos the Ara Pacis Augustae, especially in regard to its celebration of the worldwide Roman imperium and the imperial nature of Augustus' pax; for it is now clear beyond a shadow of a doubt that children of foreign rulers march in the processions of the Ara Pacis, and I have tried to stress the importance of others' findings that the peoples of empire were personified on the inner altar. Hardly another aspect of the Ara Pacis, whether of iconography, temporal or conceptual structure, landscape or relief style, cannot benefit from comparative analysis of the BR cups.[2]
Second, these investigations have significantly expanded our knowledge of specific Augustan artistic genres and themes. One can now be much more specific about that acknowledged phenomenon, the paradigmatic influence of Augustan monuments and imagery on later imperial artistic production. No longer will it be possible to contemplate Hadrianic ethnic personification groups in ignorance of the many Augustan examples, their Republican roots, and their Julio-Claudian "offspring"; the seated togate statue will not be a mysterious, ill-considered figure type; no longer will the great Flavian and second-century achievements in historical relief seem to have arisen from a near vacuum. At the same time, the book has tried to show how the Augustan production was itself grounded in Republican political and creative culture, even as Augustus' artists draw on all the resources of their Classical and Hellenistic heritage to put an Augustan stamp on this latest phase of Republican culture.
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This widened perspective strengthens the appreciation of certain themes as peculiarly Augustan. For instance, the observable Augustan interest in images of children, especially very little children, is exemplified by BR I; this theme seems to be consciously evoked only and to a limited extent in Trajanic art, although the institution (alimenta ) with which it is there associated was important politically both under Trajan's predecessor Domitian and his successor Hadrian. Under both headings, individual monuments and genres, our understanding of the self-images that Augustus sought to promulgate has been enhanced. The parameters often ascribed to the terms of his self-glorification have been permanently broadened: the public Augustus must now include the Jupiter-consul of BR I:1, who joins the naked, heroized Augustus of (lost) commemorative statuary whom Zanker, Coarelli, and others have stubbornly brought to our attention in recent years.
Comprehensive stylistic comparison with the extant canon of Republican and Julio-Claudian art has not been my aim. Now that the BR cups are more firmly dated, such comparison becomes possible; one can hope to see them enter broader discussions of Roman relief style. In closing I would like to comment on an artistic aspect of BR I:1 not previously discussed that may illustrate the inherent possibilities of such comparative analysis for enlarging our appreciation of Augustan art in general.
On BR I:1 in the allegory of Augustus' world rule Venus is about to "make" the Curia Actium Victory group (cf. fig. 20). Mars too is about to "make" a sculpture group, of a type well documented in the Augustan and Julio-Claudian periods (see pp. 41f); a class of honorific monuments in Rome showed a Roman magistrate standing or seated in the midst of a group of personifications of peoples or communities whom he had benefited. In the implied narrative here, once Mars brings up his group and they range themselves before the emperor, such a grouping will come to pass. The viewer's full appreciation of the narrative is conditional upon his knowledge of such public monuments. It was by now commonplace in Greco-Roman art to show the performance of simple acts of construction such as the decking of a trophy or the inscribing of an honorific shield by a goddess. It seems, however, to be a mark of Augustan political art that narrative at all levels, physical and symbolic, should so often be structured by such visual puns.
This characteristic indicates a high level of sophistication on the part of the artist and the audience expected to appreciate and relish such an aspect; it also assumes a high degree of familiarity with prominent individual examples of official monuments. This kind of narrative-visual structure
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can be observed on the Augustan Arcus Novus panel (fig. 12), where Amor floats through the air toward Venus' shoulder, intending to land there, as on the Ravenna relief (fig. 8), where his legs still kick in the air. It is also evident on the Belvedere altar's main panel (fig. 11); between the two laurel trees of Augustus' Palatine abode Victory floats to earth to place Augustus' clipeus virtutis on its pillar, as it appeared in the Curia.[3] And it structures the literal narrative of the bottom half of the Gemma Augustea (fig. 16), as well as the symbolic narrative of the entire cameo. In the lower exergue a trophy group is being put together—soldiers haul up the central wooden post, a captive barbarian couple are already positioned at its foot on the left, as another pair of soldiers haul over a man and woman meant to flank the post on the right, to build a Roman trophy group of classic type known from countless representations in art and probably enacted in actual triumphal parades. The soldiers at left heave the main tree toward Augustus as Tiberius overhead moves down toward him in the upper panel along a converging path; the strong sense of two dynamic lines of motion converging simultaneously on Augustus, in the two fields/worlds on the cameo, is conceptually very like the BR panel, where the two surges of motion occur within a single panel. (The lower exergue as an isolated unit has a structure parallel to the cup panel: motion from the sides toward the center.) This parallelism already sets up a symbolic narrative that is given more definite shape in the implied "future" when the trophy will be exactly between Augustus (note the position of its foot) and Tiberius, who will be immediately before him—emperor and heir aligned on a "real" historical axis of victory.
Presented with such compositions, the viewer gets double for his money: he gets the composition as it exists, a glimpse of figures in action aligned in a meaningful pattern, and he is also given an evocation of an alignment that is about to evolve out of the one that he sees. This implicit second alignment not only extends the symbolic message he can read but also anchors the artistic construct he sees to other artistic constructs he already knows; because the mind is tugged toward the familiar composition just over the temporal horizon, these tableaux are given a real temporal dynamism.
Self-conscious artistic reference to other works of art is a well-known hallmark of Hellenistic and Roman literary art. In the visual arts it operates at a basic level in all iconographic correspondence, as in the individual figures and pairings of the BR allegory. It has not, however, been noted before as operating at the narrative level and in a temporal dimension, as here in these Augustan pieces.[4] The Boscoreale Cups testify that even if
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written discourse on art was mainly limited (as in Pliny) to "Old Masters," at least some Romans some of the time noticed and enjoyed the contemporary products of Augustus' sculptors. And the kind of visual game just outlined is further proof that we are not different from the Romans of 7 B.C. in giving serious attention to and finding pleasure in the world of Augustan art.
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Conclusion: The Boscoreale Cups and Roman Art
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Preferred Citation: Kuttner, Ann L. Dynasty and Empire in the Age of Augustus: The Case of the Boscoreale Cups. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1995 1995. ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft309nb1mw/
_MG_3422. Contrary to belief of some people, Monks inside a Buddhist Monastry are not only engaged in meditation and prayers , there they also get all the necessary education for them to be comfortable in outside world. Apart from maths and science they also learn languages ( three languages in Nepal ) including english. Here these two teacher Monks are discussing the timetables of classes and breaks so that the students are comfortable in receiving knowledge. Kathmandu, Nepal.
To the surprise of nobody who's ever talked to me, I have eclectic tastes when it comes to collectibles. Yeah, I'll get the things that are generally universally liked, but ultimately shock value and general tastelessness (by puritan US standards) are what kind of guide my collecting path.
About a year ago, there was a company with a dream - Big Firebird Toy - and that dream was to make a transforming Arcee figure that was more Senran Kagura than G1 Autobot. Her name would be Nicee, and would share enough characteristics with her licensed namesake so you could help Hot Rod live out his high school fantasies including a familiar alt mode and a very G1 Arcee head.
People complained, of course, but in this day and age, what else is new? At least this wasn't Flametoys where they were selling licensed figures... this was the Wild Wild West of Third Party Transformer figures. I'll admit the window dressing was might attractive, but the Engineer in me also wanted to know.. just how would they pull off such an ambitious design?
At any rate, preorders were placed and all was well for a while.
First it was COVID causing mayhem and delaying production of everything across the board. Then, rumour has it that Hasbro started actually cracking down on Chinese bootlegs of their figures, and so Big Firebird Toy dropped the Arcee head, and just stuck with their own original content. That all passed, and I finally received my copy of the figure.
So just how did they do? Lets look at the Big Firebird Toy EX-01: Nicee figure.
I ordered mine from TF-Direct, who were the lowest price point at the time. Prices have since jumped up from the $95 USD I paid, which included EMS shipping, but a cursory glance at eBay shows you should still be OK. The figure came in it's own brown shipper, with an art box contained within which houses all the fun stuff.
A quick glance at the art box should very quick establish that no... this is not a kids figure. It's not quite Skytube hentai PVC material, but it is at least Teen territory. Also nice is the Pink foiled letters.
I also have to giggle at the security seal and the quality assurance foil sticker because, well... China.
Nicee is packed in robot mode, and comes in a single layered tray with her accessories. By the time things are said and done, the box is gigantic, effectively 12" x 12" x 4", like something out of the old Toys R Us MP boxes. Accessories include an extra Aheago head, a breast plate with soft rubbery breasts, a laser pistol, an energy arrow, a sword, part of her chasis, the handle for her bow, and six additional hands. Naturally, she has a set of instructions, as well as a nifty art card.
Nicee is a gorgeous figure, and I'm not just talking curves. I had two major concerns - crappy paint work, and crappy build. I've done the best I can on my photos, but one of things I couldn't make out on other photos I've seen is the fact that Nicee has a nice pearl finish on all her painted parts. Try as I might, I could not find any areas of overspray or bleeding, with the only bad paint being a fibre or something being embedded into the forehead of my Aheago head. Even the pink on the wheels are pearl finish. Now, I would ADD some colours to a few areas, such as the blade of the sword and maybe to the face to make the lips turn out better, but that's another discussion - what paint work you do get is pretty damn good and is generally resistant to most forms of contact.
I'm not saying you should break out the sand paper, but you can at least be assured you don't have to worry about actually handling the figure without gloves.
Build quality is a bit tougher to explore, but to put aside any immediate worries, overall things are very good. Nicee has rubber tires, which is becoming more and more of a rare thing. There are some die cast metal parts, though these in high stress structural components. The plastics they used feel like the same stuff you'd get on a Takara Tomy MP figure, but perhaps a bit thinner, maybe due to the sheer number of curved parts on this figure.
The finish on these parts is, without a doubt, phenomenal. very few rough surfaces or mould lines found. My mind is blown at how well the pieces fit together, and that truly the finished product matched the CG renders almost perfectly. QC with regards to accuracy of tabs and slots is almost perfect, but isn't quite up to Takara Tomy standards, so it can be a bit of pain to get things aligned correctly but it can be done, at least, and the parts come together with tolerances that wouldn't be out of place on an MP figure.
Joints in general tend to be a bit on the stiff side, especially the neck and head joints, which can make posing Nicee a bit of a headache..
Finally I feel the hands should have used the more popular method of connection, that is having the ball on the wrist joint itself and the socket on the hand, as opposed to the opposite. This would make things connect more securely, as well as improve range of motion here.
Nicee herself is 19 cm tall, which puts here out of MP scale, as she's supposed to be slightly smaller than Hot Rod. On the plus side, she's that much more visually impressive and has that much more shelf presence.
Articulation is impressive, and is in line with what I'd expect from an MP figure. You get full ankles (two separate points of movement), double jointed knees, thigh twist, hips with pull down for greater range of motion, waist, mid torso, shoulders with lateral movement (so arms can come closer together), bicep swivel, single jointed elbows, wrists, neck, and head. Provided you can get the joints to cooperate, you can put the figure into many, many poses, though for next time Big Firebird Toy, double jointed elbows, please.
For all the effort put into the design of this figure, I feel that Big Firebird Toy put their C Team on weapons duty. The sword is a bit bland, but more importantly, there's one hand dedicated to holding both the Sword and the Bow, and neither of them are really held that well. The laser pistol is perhaps the only weapon where they did some homework as there's almost no way that gun will ever get loose from that hand, and I wish that they had given her a second pistol, in addition to more useful hands.
Another thing that might cool your enthusiasm for Nicee is that she is somewhat of a Partsformer, like most of the current mainline Transformers. In order to achieve a certain body shape, designers just made unwanted parts removable and convertible into accessories for the main figure.
In Nicee's case, that piece of the car body turns into a shield that is pegged in a way that you either can move the forearm it's attached to, or you hold it like a gun because there's no proper handle. Then there's the bow.... oh that bow.
It's made up of the front of the vehicle mode, which usually hangs on to her behind her neck, giving Nicee those wing looking things. Conversion to a bow involves plugging in a plastic piece that gives it a handle, then squeezing it into the hand that is meant for the sword. It's very, very awkward to say the least, and the fact there's no real dedicated hand for holding the arrow is also a major pain.
Oh right, in the event you don't fancy a bow, you can convert most of the parts into a skirt for... reasons, which unfortunately leaves you with a completely useless panel as well as reduced articulation.
Finally, coming full circle we have transformations, though before I go on I should probably mention that you swap out the breast plates by popping up the shoulders and head and replacing the part.
Conversion into vehicle mode isn't really that complicated once you decipher the instruction manuals mentions of degrees and misspelt words. To their credit, there is a link to a transformation video, which I didn't watch, but I'll presume is more helpful than the instructions. The overall methodology is kind of like TM2 Blackarachnia where you stretch out the body, wrap the legs around the body and cover the entire thing in a shell. IIRC the Generations version had this method and maybe even the other 3P Arcee I have, the Occular Max Zinnia.
I guess I should also mention there was controversy about how the vehicle mode had the visual making of a Vagina or something. I dunno.. I don't looking for the meaning of life in my cups of coffee, and I don't go looking for Vaginas in my vehicle modes.
So in conclusion, the base figure itself is very good, and I'm impressed with the excellent paint work and overall production values of the figure. Weapons really is where the ball was dropped, and even then things could have been saved if the variety of hands was greater and if the bow/shield had actual proper handles so they could do their job. But all-in-all, this is much better than any novelty figure has the right to be.
So if you're an open minded transforming robot fan, I'd highly recommend you give Nicee a try.
Madonna
1958
Salvador Dalí (Spanish, 1904-1989)
Oil on canvas; 88 7/8 x 75 1/4 in. (225.7 x 191.1 cm)
Salvador Dalí became an official member of the Surrealist group in 1929, and even after he was expelled by its leader, André Breton, in 1941, his work continued to reflect the influence of Surrealist thought and methodology. Dalí's paintings feature intellectual puzzles and visual ambiguities, and his style is marked by superrealistic illusionism that is used to describe completely unrealistic, fanciful subjects. Madonna is one of several works Dalí made after 1941 that uses classical imagery as the basis for Surrealist invention. Here, he paints two different simultaneous subjects with a profusion of gray and pink dots: a Madonna and Child based on Raphael's Sistine Madonna (Gemäldegalerie, Dresden, after 1513), and a large ear, whose ridged interior surface is defined by the presence of these two figures. Each motif is designed to come into focus at a different distance. At close range, the painting looks completely abstract; from about six feet away, it reveals the Madonna and Child; and from fifty feet, it is what the artist called "the ear of an angel." To the left of the main images is a trompe-l'oeil detail of a red cherry suspended on a string from a torn and folded piece of paper; its shadow is cast onto another piece of paper bearing the signature of the artist.
Gift of Drue Heinz, in memory of Henry J. Heinz II, 1987 (1987.465)
**
The Metropolitan Museum of Art's permanent collection contains more than two million works of art from around the world. It opened its doors on February 20, 1872, housed in a building located at 681 Fifth Avenue in New York City. Under their guidance of John Taylor Johnston and George Palmer Putnam, the Met's holdings, initially consisting of a Roman stone sarcophagus and 174 mostly European paintings, quickly outgrew the available space. In 1873, occasioned by the Met's purchase of the Cesnola Collection of Cypriot antiquities, the museum decamped from Fifth Avenue and took up residence at the Douglas Mansion on West 14th Street. However, these new accommodations were temporary; after negotiations with the city of New York, the Met acquired land on the east side of Central Park, where it built its permanent home, a red-brick Gothic Revival stone "mausoleum" designed by American architects Calvert Vaux and Jacob Wrey Mold. As of 2006, the Met measures almost a quarter mile long and occupies more than two million square feet, more than 20 times the size of the original 1880 building.
In 2007, the Metropolitan Museum of Art was ranked #17 on the AIA 150 America's Favorite Architecture list.
The Metropolitan Museum of Art was designated a landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1967. The interior was designated in 1977.
National Historic Register #86003556
Entre 29 de agosto e 1 de setembro de 2022, na sede do NIC.br em São Paulo, o Cetic.br|NIC.br|CGI.br promoveu evento coorganizado pela Escola Nacional de Ciências Estatísticas (ENCE) do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). O evento contou com uma série de webinars com palestrantes renomados que expuseram práticas inovadoras para produção e uso de dados.
(Fotos:Ricardo Matsukawa/Divulgação NIC.br)
This image was taken to document a methodology I have written about in a different context here.
This participative ranking methodology involves having participants free-list priority concerns, indicators of well-being, etc. After free-listing, participants choose every day objects to represent the items on the list, and then rank them from most to least important.
Gambella Town, Ethiopia
Entre 29 de agosto e 1 de setembro de 2022, na sede do NIC.br em São Paulo, o Cetic.br|NIC.br|CGI.br promoveu evento coorganizado pela Escola Nacional de Ciências Estatísticas (ENCE) do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). O evento contou com uma série de webinars com palestrantes renomados que expuseram práticas inovadoras para produção e uso de dados.
(Fotos:Ricardo Matsukawa/Divulgação NIC.br)
ROMA ARCHEOLOGICA & RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA 2022. Aggiornamento, Maggio 2022. “Roma, gli scavi Danesi nel Foro di Cesare: 3000 anni di nuove testimonianze archeologiche alla luce.” Testo in Danese e Inglese; in: The Past / London (17/05/2022) & The Carlsbergfondet, Denmark [with additional Facebook & You-Tube links] (18/05/2022). Anche Foto di: “Roma, Il Foro di Cesare” in: and.lezzi / Instagram (18/05/2022).
Foto: Roma - Il Foro di Cesare, I Fori Imperiali & Via dei Fori Imperiali; in: and.lezzi / Instagram (18/05/2022).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52084141678
1). ROMA - Scavare il Foro di Cesare: tremila anni di vita quotidiana a Roma.
The Past / London (17/05/2022).
Riassunto - Fresche tracce di vita urbana di quasi tre millenni stanno venendo alla luce nel centro di Roma. Nuovi scavi italo-danesi hanno portato alla luce molto di più del progetto monumentale del forum di Cesare. Scavando attraverso strati archeologici, viaggiando indietro nel tempo dalle costruzioni di Mussolini degli anni '30, Jan Kindberg Jacobsen, Eva Mortensen, Claudio Parisi Presicce e Rubina Raja districano la complessa stratigrafia urbana della Città Eterna.
Foto: The Past / London (17/05/2022)
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52084363139
ROME - Digging Caesar’s Forum: three thousand years of daily life in Rome. The Past / London (17/05/2022).
Abstract - Fresh traces of urban life spanning almost three millennia are coming to light in central Rome. New Danish-Italian excavations have uncovered far more than Caesar’s monumental forum project. Delving through archaeological layers, while travelling back in time from Mussolini’s 1930s constructions, Jan Kindberg Jacobsen, Eva Mortensen, Claudio Parisi Presicce, and Rubina Raja disentangle the complex urban stratigraphy of the Eternal City.
Foto: The Past / London (17/05/2022)
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52084142673
For some years, the buzzing sound of mechanical digging has been emanating from a green-screen enclosure standing beside Rome’s monumental avenue, the Via dei Fori Imperiali. This is because an excavation site lies entrenched between the broad avenue and the adjacent portion of Caesar’s Forum, which is open to the public as part of an archaeological park. There, in the south-eastern section of the complex, heavy mechanical excavators and trucks operate alongside archaeologists, conservators, geologists, and radiocarbon specialists, who are committed to figuring out what was going on here in the past. Inside the enclosure, two trenches are cordoned off with plastic fences that proclaim there are ‘lavori in corso’: works in progress. Sure enough, our team has reached deep into the archaeological layers, revealing an incredible amount of new knowledge about the long history of Rome.
Foto: The Past / London (17/05/2022)
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52084119366
This work is taking place in the heart of the city. The Roman Forum lies close at hand, while the remains of the imperial fora established by the emperors Augustus (reigned 27 BC to AD 14), Nerva (reigned 96-98), and Trajan (reigned 98-117) are visible on the far side of the Via dei Fori Imperiali. Over the recent winter months, trowels and buckets were stowed away, and the Bobcat excavator rested, surrendering the site to restoration specialists and architects. Meanwhile, the archaeologists, finds specialists, and soil scientists headed indoors to study the excavated material and process a wealth of samples. Together, their findings can lead us from the 20th century AD back to the 6th century BC.
Clean up first, then demolish
Our journey starts on 28 October 1932, when the Via dei Fori Imperiali, which today leads people from Piazza Venezia to the Colosseum, was inaugurated by Benito Mussolini. Back then it was called the Via dell’Impero, a parade street that simultaneously celebrated the ideology of the fascist regime and physically connected it to Rome’s ancient and glorious past.
Foto: The Past / London (17/05/2022)
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52084142693
The street cut through the late Republican Forum of Caesar and all of the imperial fora. When this new thoroughfare was first planned, though, most of the Roman-era remains were obscured beneath a densely inhabited residential area known as the Alessandrino Quarter. Its housing blocks were razed together with five churches, causing about a thousand families to be evicted and rehomed in newly built neighbourhoods on the outskirts of Rome. Once exposed, most of Caesar’s Forum was excavated, alongside portions of the other fora. Speed was the defining quality of this work, though. After just a year and a half of demolition and excavation, the centre of Rome lay transformed. Afterwards, its appearance before this intervention by the fascist regime was soon largely forgotten, with most modern visitors never realising that the ruins looked radically different less than a century ago. Fortunately for us, the area currently being excavated in Caesar’s Forum was not dug out at that time. Neither was it overbuilt by the parade street, because Mussolini needed a turning space for his grandiloquent parades.
Foto: Our excavations revealed remains of a residential unit that was once home to the Alessandrino Quarter’s last inhabitants.
The Past / London (17/05/2022).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52084142723
The Alessandrino Quarter had a long pedigree. It was first established in the second half of the 16th century, meaning that its three- to four-storey high housing blocks had accommodated part of Rome’s fast-growing population for over three centuries. While it has always been possible to get a sense of the Alessandrino Quarter from photographs, historic maps, and written sources, prior to our excavations very little was known about the material culture of daily life. Indeed, even then it has not always been easy to bring its former inhabitants into sharp focus. Not only did they take their possessions with them when they vacated their homes, but they also scrupulously swept the floors – even though the buildings were about to be torn down. This compulsion for cleanliness was not just a matter of pride. Instead, it can be explained by a pending inspection from the state architects, who were brought in to make precise measurements of the apartments. This was important for the families, in order for them to receive the correct compensation from the state, after being forced to leave their homes.
Foto: Various different types of floors were found in the Alessandrino Quarter building complex. Here we see pebble flooring (right), hexagonal cementine tiles (centre bottom), and rectangular tiles with a geometric decoration (centre top). A toilet once occupied the hole in the upper left-hand corner. The Past / London (17/05/2022).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52084618495
Naturally, such sprucing up did not extend to hidden spaces like underground sewers and channels, allowing traces of the last inhabitants to survive there. Systematic excavation and recording of these spaces is granting an insight into the residents’ domestic activities, social standing, and even their diet. Pieces of jewellery and shirt buttons made of bone probably entered the sewers accidentally when washing clothes, whereas plates, forks, and glasses must have come from one or more kitchens above. Animal bones, mostly from pigs, alongside the many mussel shells and chicken eggs found, tell us about the dietary habits of the inhabitants. In addition, the excavations allow us to understand the practical manner in which the buildings were demolished and the rubble discarded – often packed into sewers or used to level off cellars. We even found tools and personal belongings of the workmen who carried out the demolition.
Foto: Furthest down in the large trench, the granite columns from the eastern portico of Caesar’s Forum were uncovered together with architectural elements and statue bases in marble. Below them are the openings of the draining channels that directed the water away from the central square of the forum. The Past / London (17/05/2022).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52084363259
The remains of some rooms in the housing blocks were also preserved. Here, the floors are of interest, as, far from being uniform, different materials were employed and different patterns created. These allow us to chart shifts in architectural fashions and the impact of modernisation over the course of three centuries. From these floors emerges a narrative whereby Renaissance houses were rebuilt during the second half of the 19th century to install modern commodities, including electricity and flushable toilets. While we lack small finds from the rooms, the floors are still a great help when it comes to deducing what these spaces were used for. After all, the different demands of domestic living quarters, kitchens, and laundries often result in distinctive flooring.
Contagion
Though the thorough clean-up makes it difficult to peek into the daily lives of those living on top of Caesar’s Forum in the first three decades of the 20th century, finds from the Alessandrino Quarter do bring us closer to some earlier residents. One such discovery was made in 2021. Objects recovered from a short stretch of sewer testify to one or more infectious diseases spreading through the area in the second half of the 16th century – that is at just the time housing blocks were first sprouting in what was then Rome’s newest neighbourhood.
Foto: The Past / London (17/05/2022)
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52084142743
The sewer contained numerous intact and broken vessels, including fragments of around 30 uroscopy flasks. Such receptacles were used by medics from the medieval period through to the 18th century in order to study the colour, smell, consistency, and even taste of human urine when diagnosing a range of diseases. Today, we view uroscopy as essentially a pseudoscience, but in the 16th century it was a cornerstone of many medical practices. Small, intact terracotta containers found in the sewer also offer an insight into healing, as they were used to hold various types of medicine during the Renaissance. At first sight, the numerous broken plates also recovered from the conduit seem a less obvious fit with healthcare. When we examined the plates more closely, though, it became apparent that they had been discarded intact. Why? During this period, it was well understood that some diseases could be caught by touching objects handled by the infected. One solution was simply to throw away patients’ possessions when they died. Sure enough, traces of this approach have been found associated with hospitals in Italy.
Foto: The Past / London (17/05/2022)
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52084142753
It is interesting to ponder how material suited to a hospital-style setting ended up in a residential sewer. If a hospital had existed in the excavation area we would know about it from the written sources, but they are silent on the matter. However, it is possible that the objects had been transported some distance from a hospital in central Rome, before being chucked into the sewer. An overview of the material should give a sense of the number of patients concerned. If we allow for one plate per patient, then the belongings of 23 deceased individuals were dumped in the sewer. An additional, poignant, detail is provided by the presence of at least two terracotta figure toys, indicating that one or more of the victims were children.
Foto: The Past / London (17/05/2022)
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52084142758
Farming central Rome
Moving further back through time brings us to the era before the Alessandrino Quarter developed. Archaeologically, this period was marked by a thick mud layer, which fits neatly with the contemporary name for the area: i Pantani or ‘the swamp’. The origins of this expanse of boggy ground can be traced to the breakdown of earlier drainage systems. Back in the Roman period, water from the entire forum area drained directly into the River Tiber via the large Cloaca Maxima sewer. By the 10th century AD, though, this sewer was no longer being properly maintained. Eventually it became blocked, leaving the area at the mercy of the elements. It would not have taken long for living conditions to suffer. Our mud deposit accumulated between the 11th and 15th centuries, and may well contain valuable information about how the people of medieval Rome interacted with their changing environment. Micromorphological analyses and radiocarbon dating hold the promise of further clarifying this story, as well as the speed with which the area silted up in the centuries leading up to the construction of the Alessandrino Quarter in the 16th century.
Foto: The Past / London (17/05/2022)
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52083088117
Below this thick, informative mud lay a very different version of central Rome: an area of vegetable gardens, orchards, vineyards, and small farm houses. Excavations conducted in the southern part of Caesar’s Forum between 1998 and 2000 had already revealed that a peasant society developed in the heart of the ancient city. Badly preserved and poorly built farmhouse walls and floors were also detected in the new excavations. These medieval farms are called domus terrinee, with each house consisting of a single room. Reused architectural elements from earlier periods are a common feature of these humble dwellings, leaving column parts and marble blocks, so-called spolia, randomly jutting from the walls.
Foto: The Past / London (17/05/2022)
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52084142778
Another layer of muddy soil emerged below the medieval farmhouses. Here, too, there was evidence for the reuse of fine architecture from the Roman Imperial period: heaps of marble had been chopped up into football-size pieces, most likely in preparation for burning in lime-kilns. The quicklime this produced could be slaked with water and used as building material, allowing the marble of the imperial fora to live on in a very different guise among the constructions of Late Antique Rome. Fortunately, the fragments we found avoided this fate, telling us not only about an important episode of recycling, but also providing an example of the sumptuous marble decorations that once graced the fora.
Splendours of Caesar
Before the end of the 2021 season, our excavations in the main trench along the Via dei Fori Imperiali reached Caesar’s Forum. In Antiquity, this was known as the Forum Julium, and Gaius Julius Caesar took care to site it next to the Roman Forum – the great public space at the heart of civic life, where speakers’ platforms, stores, markets, administrative buildings, and temples could be found. To put it another way, by initiating his grand forum project, Caesar radically reimagined the fabric of urban life in Rome.
Foto: The Past / London (17/05/2022)
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52084618515
He pleased as well as vexed with his investment, which according to the ancient authors was the most expensive land-acquisition and building project of its time. One reason why the plot commanded such a high price was that it contained the residences of socialite Romans. Their homes were duly demolished, and the ground levelled as part of the forum project. This created a space covering approximately 100m by 50m, which was paved with slabs of travertine stone. It was enclosed by three porticoes, formed of granite columns rising from marble steps. A bronze equestrian statue of Caesar took pride of place in the centre of the forum, while the northern end of the square was dominated by a temple of Venus Genetrix, which stood on a 6m-high podium. This choice of deity allowed Caesar to advertise his divine ancestry: Venus was the mother of the Trojan hero Aeneas, whose son Julus (also known as Ascanius) was claimed as an ancestor by the Julian family.
Foto: The Past / London (17/05/2022)
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52084363244
Construction work on the forum began in 52 BC, with Caesar inaugurating it in 46 BC, even though the complex was still unfinished. As it transpired, Caesar did not live long enough to see the full splendour of his building project. Instead, his adoptive son Octavian – later Emperor Augustus – brought the building project to fruition and also made a few tweaks to the original architectural plans. These amendments were geared towards making the forum even more grandiose than Caesar had originally conceived. The end result was a new meeting place for the people of Rome. Here was a public space where business could be conducted, love affairs could unfold, friends could meet, and the Romans could gaze in awe at the magnificence of their hometown. Above all, it rammed home the message that Caesar was in charge as sole ruler of the vast Roman Empire.
So far, our excavations have unearthed tumbled granite columns from the forum’s eastern portico, as well as statue bases. Drainage channels have also come to light, with one dating to Caesar’s time, while another was installed during Trajan’s reign, providing a sense of how the forum was maintained over a century after its inauguration. Such measures ensured that heavy rain could drain towards the Cloaca Maxima, some 100m to the south.
Our spring campaign will reveal more about this late-Republican tour de force and its restoration under Trajan. We are also hoping these investigations might answer a long-standing mystery concerning the complex: how it connected to the famous Forum of Augustus. These two fora shared an adjoining wall, but to this day it remains unclear whether this contained a passage permitting movement between the two. Caesar’s Forum itself could be entered on either side of the Temple of Venus Genetrix, while there was also a connecting passage to the Roman Forum. So, were the ancient Romans able to walk dry-shod all the way from the Roman Forum to the Forum of Augustus? With the new excavations, the entire width of Caesar’s Forum will be exposed for the first time, shedding more light on movement in the heart of ancient Rome.
Rearranging the landscape
In 2021, we also opened a smaller trench closer to the paved forum square. In this part of the excavation, the stratigraphy ‘jumps’ from the Middle Ages directly back to the archaic period, long before the heyday of Republican and Imperial Rome. The archaeological layers belonging to the centuries in between, including the era of Caesar’s Forum, are gone. This loss can be traced back to the inhabitants of the medieval domus terrinee, who exposed the area to rough treatment by digging down to reach the fertile soil below. One side effect of their handiwork is that this modest – but crucial – trench has allowed us to reach far deeper into the past of ancient Rome.
Whereas the Middle Ages’ peasant society really let this part of the site have it, the architects and workers that built Caesar’s Forum adopted a softer touch. When the complex was built, the ground had to be levelled, and this meant that in places, especially the north-eastern part of the forum, 3-4m of ground needed removing. Where our trench lay in the south-eastern part of the site, though, the remains of the archaic period were left largely untouched by Caesar’s grand development.
Thanks to this, the floor level and some walls of a 6th-century BC building still survived in the archaic levels. The area was once again residential in nature at this point in time, with earlier excavations in the vicinity revealing more houses, as well as wells and a street. It is clear from the quality of the material that people from the upper echelons of society resided here during the archaic period. Even so, the most striking finds from our new excavations belong to the funerary rather than to the domestic sphere. This is due to the discovery of four children buried in the first half of the 6th century BC.
Foto: The Past / London (17/05/2022)
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52084363274
Three of the children were entombed in storage jars known as ollae. Their graves were fashioned by pushing together two of these squat, belly-rounded jars, with the body of the child placed inside. Another grave was found under one of the olla graves. It contained an inhumed child, who had died at the age of three or four. On top of each olla grave was a little pile of material that included, among other things, tile fragments. Rather than being grave markers, these miniature mounds were probably placed there to provide protection – perhaps so that animals could not dig through the earth to reach the graves.
Although the dead were usually destined for cemeteries established outside towns, it is not uncommon to find infants buried in houses. Even so, it is unique for so many to be bunched together from the same period. Inevitably, it raises the question of whether we are dealing with victims of a disease or some other catastrophic event. We expect the upcoming analyses of the graves and the bodies in 2022, together with further excavations in the area, to shed more light on this.
Rise of Rome
We have now delved through cultural layers reaching back roughly 2,600 years in time. But Rome’s story does not stop there. Earlier excavations in Caesar’s Forum have found traces of even more ancient activity: in the 11th and 10th centuries BC, a necropolis occupied the site, while before that, from the 13th to the 11th centuries BC, handmade impasto pottery, postholes (probably from a hut), wheel tracks, and evidence for the area being carefully levelled speak of settlement activity.
As we reach the spring of 2022, the buzzing sound of excavations is once again to be heard behind the green-screen enclosure. It brings the promise that this year our dig might reach the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age layers, thus shedding light on the origins of Rome. Whatever the results, we can be confident that a longue durée narrative about daily life in the heart of Rome will continue to be revealed through the excavation of a small patch of land hidden away beneath Mussolini’s parade-street turning space for almost a century.
FURTHER INFORMATION
The excavations at Caesar’s Forum are undertaken as a collaboration between Sovrintendenza Capitolina ai Beni Culturali, the Danish Institute in Rome, and the Centre for Urban Network Evolutions (Aarhus University). The project is funded by the Carlsberg Foundation and Aarhus University Research Foundation. Further support comes from the Danish National Research Foundation under the grant DNRF119 – Centre for Urban Network Evolutions. Project publications include, among others:
T A Hass & R Raja (eds.) (2021) Caesar’s Past and Posterity’s Caesar, Rome Studies 1. Turnhout: Brepols.
J K Jacobsen, G Murro, C P Presicce, R Raja & S G Saxkjær (2020) ‘Practicing Urban Archaeology in a Modern City: the Alessandrino Quarter of Rome’, Journal of Field Archaeology 46.1: 36–51.
J K Jacobsen, G Murro, C P Presicce, R Raja, S G Saxkjær & M Vitti (2021) ‘High-Definition Urban Narratives from Central Rome: virtual reconstructions of the past and the new Caesar’s Forum excavations’, Journal of Urban Archaeology 3, 65–86.
Project webpage: cas.au.dk/en/cfp
UrbNet webpage: urbnet.au.dk
ALL IMAGES: Sovrintendenza Capitolina and The Caesar’s Forum Project, unless otherwise stated.
Fonte / source, foto:
--- The Past / London (17/05/2022)
the-past.com/feature/digging-caesars-forum-three-thousand...
Fonte / source, foto:
--- Roma - Il Foro di Cesare, I Fori Imperiali & Via dei Fori Imperiali; in: and.lezzi / Instagram (18/05/2022).
www.instagram.com/p/CdtiUcWsmNX/
Foto: The Carlsbergfondet, Denmark (18/05/2022).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52083086827
2). ROME - Børnegrave, luksusglas og kloaker gravet frem af jorden under Cæsars Forum i Rom. (18/05/2022). The Carlsbergfondet, Denmark (18/05/2022).
En lang række enestående genstande gravet frem af jorden under Cæsars Forum kaster nyt lys over Roms fortid fra Antikken og helt op i 1900-tallet. Foreløbig er der fundet alt fra tallerkener, lysekroner, legetøj og medicinflasker til granitsøjler og dræningskanaler. De kommende måneder vil flere nye områder blive genstand for omfattende undersøgelser, der vil kaste yderligere lys over liv og skikke i Roms fortid.
Foto: The Carlsbergfondet, Denmark / You-Tube (18/05/2022).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52083086877
2.1). ROMA - Tombe di bambini, vetri di lusso e fogne scavate nel terreno durante il Foro di Cesare a Roma
. The Carlsbergfondet, Denmark (18/05/2022).
** Nota: Di seguito è riportato un estratto dell'articolo in lingua danese originale tradotto in italiano e inglese. **
Un gran numero di oggetti unici scavati nel terreno durante il Foro di Cesare gettano nuova luce sul passato di Roma dall'antichità e fino al XX secolo. Finora è stato trovato di tutto, da piatti, lampadari, giocattoli e bottiglie di medicinali a colonne di granito e canali di drenaggio. Nei prossimi mesi alcune nuove aree saranno oggetto di approfonditi studi che faranno luce sulla vita e sui costumi del passato di Roma.
Foto: The Carlsbergfondet, Denmark (18/05/2022).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52084119251
2.2). ROME - Children's tombs, luxury glass and sewers dug out of the ground during Caesar's Forum in Rome
. The Carlsbergfondet, Denmark (18/05/2022).
** Note: Below is an extract of the original Danish language article translated in Italiano and English. **
A large number of unique objects excavated from the ground during Caesar's Forum shed new light on Rome's past from antiquity and all the way up to the 20th century. So far, everything from plates, chandeliers, toys and medicine bottles to granite columns and drainage channels have been found. In the coming months, several new areas will be the subject of extensive studies that will shed further light on the life and customs of Rome's past.
A large number of unique objects excavated from the ground during Caesar's Forum shed new light on Rome's past from antiquity and all the way up to the 20th century. So far, everything from plates, chandeliers, toys and medicine bottles to granite columns and drainage channels have been found. In the coming months, several new areas will be the subject of extensive studies that will shed further light on the lives and customs of Rome's past.
Since 2019, Danish and Italian archaeologists, with support from the Carlsberg Foundation and the Aarhus University Research Foundation, have carried out an extensive archaeological excavation of one of Rome's five representative forums from Antiquity, Caesar's Forum. From the Danish side, the excavation is led by Ph.D. Jan Kindberg Jacobsen affiliated with the Danish Institute in Rome and professor and center manager Rubina Raja from the Center for Urban Network Evolutions (UrbNet) at Aarhus University.
One of the areas that archaeologists have been investigating is the so-called Alessandrino neighborhood, which was laid out in the second half of the 16th century and existed until the early 1930s, when it was demolished on order from? Benito Mussolini (Prime Minister of Italy from 1922 to 1943).
Excavation with a high degree of detail
The excavation of Caesar's Forum has also resulted in new finds from the Middle Ages in the 9th and 10th centuries, possibly during this period Rome had been in disrepair for several centuries. Caesar's Forum no longer functioned as a 'forum', and agriculture was instead moved within the city walls. At the Caesar's Forum itself, farms had been built and fields laid out.
“In the period April to July 2021, we excavated the remains of one of these farms. The excavation has given an insight into the architectural expressions of the farms, the material culture associated with the farms, the agricultural system and the farmers' changes of the landscape ”.
Jan Kindberg Jacobsen summarizes that the excavation of Caesar's Forum is generally the most scientifically advanced excavation carried out so far in central Rome:
“The finely detailed excavation technique, new registration methods and a large number of scientific methods, which we have used in the work at Cæsars Forum, have made it possible to get right down to the last detail. With this, we have been able to describe the long cultural development as a unified history, where the earliest and most recent finds are treated within the same methodological and interpretive framework. This task has been undertaken by UrbNet at Aarhus University, which has leading specialists in the field of science - partly under the auspices of the center and partly through UrbNet's enormous international research network ”.
Foto: The Carlsbergfondet, Denmark / You-Tube (18/05/2022).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52084361974
Until July 1, archaeologists continue the excavation in the area where the children's graves were found.
“We have expanded the excavation area and are now on our way down. However, we are still two meters above the level where we found the graves, so more than 1000 years of cultural layers still need to be excavated and recorded. We anticipate that the archaeological excavations will be completed in the summer of 2023, ”concludes Jan Kindberg Jacobsen.
Fonte / source:
--- The Carlsbergfondet, Denmark (18/05/2022).
www.carlsbergfondet.dk/da/Nyheder/Nyt-fra-fondet/Nyheder/...
Foto: The Carlsbergfondet, Denmark / You-Tube (18/05/2022)
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52084617270
3). ROM - Dr. Jan Kindberg Jacobsen & Opsigtsvækkende fund: Tre børnegrave i et beboelsesområde er dukket op under udgravningen af Cæsars Forum. The Carlsbergfondet, Denmark / Facebook (18/05/2022).
Foto: The Carlsbergfondet, Denmark (18/05/2022).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52084142663
ROME - Three children's graves in a residential area have emerged during the excavation of Caesar's Forum.
During excavations in Rome, archaeologists have come across three vases that were close to each other. It turned out to be coffins, as each vase contained the skeleton of a child aged 1-2. The tombs date from the Archaic period between 700 and 600 BC, and the find is very unusual. Usually, the dead were not buried in the areas where the Romans themselves lived.
Foto: The Carlsbergfondet, Denmark / You-Tube (18/05/2022).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52084361984
Fonte / source:
--- The Carlsbergfondet, Denmark / Facebook (18/05/2022).
3.1). ROM - Dr. Jan Kindberg Jacobsen & Tre børnegrave i et beboelsesområde er dukket op under udgravningen af Cæsars Forum = ROME - Three children's graves in a residential area have emerged during the excavation of Caesar's Forum. The Carlsbergfondet, Denmark / You-Tube (18/05/2022) [3:01].
Video: Three children’s graves in a residential area have emerged during the excavation of Caesar’s Forum. The Carlsbergfondet, Denmark / You-Tube (18/05/2022).
www.youtube.com/watch?v=P93VZdLyzeU
During the excavation in Rome, archaeologists came across three vases that lay close together. It turned out to be coffins, as each vase contained the skeleton of a child aged 1-2 years. The tombs are from archaic times between 700 and 600 BCE, and the find is very unusual.
Foto: The Carlsbergfondet, Denmark / You-Tube (18/05/2022).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52084141628
For usually the dead were not buried in the areas where the Romans themselves lived. "When they have nevertheless been located within the settlement, it is probably due to the fact that children at that time were not considered to be 'real' people until they reached a certain age.
Foto: The Carlsbergfondet, Denmark / You-Tube (18/05/2022).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52084361989
This is because at that time there was a very high infant mortality rate, and they therefore waited to be considered members of society until they had reached a certain age, ”says excavation leader Jan Kindberg.
Foto: The Carlsbergfondet, Denmark / You-Tube (18/05/2022).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52083086842
Archaeologists are now studying the tombs in more detail. to become wiser, why the three tombs are located in a residential area. Here the archaeologists work with 2-3 theories, which you can hear more about in the video.
Foto: The Carlsbergfondet, Denmark / You-Tube (18/05/2022).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52084362014
Fonte / source, foto & video:
--- The Carlsbergfondet, Denmark / You-Tube (18/05/2022) [3:01].
Foto: The Carlsbergfondet, Denmark / You-Tube (18/05/2022).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52084118186
S.v.,
Foto: Il Foro di Cesare e gli scavi; in: ROMA | THREAD STORICO ARCHEOLOGICO / Skyscraper City # 944 (12/03/2022).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52020804396
--- ROMA ARCHEOLOGICA & RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA 2022. #NatalediRoma Update: Rome, the Forum of Caesar Excavations, April 2022; and Dr. Rubina Raja, “Excavating the Untouched History of Rome;” in: Arrhus, University of Denmark (28 Feb. 2022). And New On-Site Excavation Photographs (12 March & 16 April, 2022); in: Rome: Skyscraper City (21/04/2022). S.v., Roma, Scavo e Valorizzazione nel Foro di Cesare (04/2022); in: Foto di Francesco Campanini / Facebook (15/04/2022). wp.me/pbMWvy-2CR