photo rights reserved by Ben

Rising high above the Vardar River, in the very heart of Skopje, stands the impressive Kale Fortress, also known as the Skopje Fortress. Built on a hill with sweeping views over the city, this centuries-old stronghold has always held a strategic position. The earliest fortifications date back to the 6th century, when the Byzantines constructed a castle here on top of older Roman foundations. Over the centuries, the complex was expanded and reinforced, especially during the long period of Ottoman rule, when it served not only as a defensive stronghold but also as an administrative center. A dramatic chapter in the fortress’s modern history came in 1963, when a devastating earthquake struck Skopje. Many of the fortress’s walls and towers collapsed, and large parts of the city were destroyed. Since then, extensive restoration efforts have helped preserve the structure and restore its historic character. Today, Kale is one of the most important symbols of Skopje. It is not only a historic landmark but also a popular meeting place for locals and visitors alike. Cultural events, concerts, and festivals are regularly held within its walls, keeping the fortress alive as part of the city’s cultural life. From the towers, the red flag of North Macedonia with its radiant sun waves proudly in the wind, a symbol of national pride. The massive stone walls, distinctive watchtowers, and the green surroundings of the city park make Kale Fortress a place where history, culture, and daily life come together.

Kale Fortress, rising above the Vardar River in the heart of Skopje, dates back to the 6th century and has been shaped by Byzantine, Roman, and Ottoman influences. Once a defensive stronghold, today it stands as a proud symbol of the city, where history, culture, and daily life meet beneath the Macedonian flag.

Hoog boven de rivier de Vardar, midden in het hart van Skopje, torent het indrukwekkende Kale-fort uit, ook wel bekend als de Skopje Fortress. Vanaf de heuvel waarop het gebouwd is, heb je een weids uitzicht over de stad, waardoor dit eeuwenoude bolwerk altijd een strategische plek is geweest. De eerste vestingwerken stammen uit de 6e eeuw, toen de Byzantijnen hier een kasteel bouwden op de resten van nog oudere Romeinse fundamenten. Door de eeuwen heen is het complex steeds verder uitgebreid en versterkt, vooral tijdens de lange periode van Ottomaanse overheersing, toen het niet alleen een verdedigingswerk maar ook een bestuurlijk centrum was. Een dramatisch hoofdstuk in de moderne geschiedenis van Kale vond plaats in 1963, toen een zware aardbeving grote delen van Skopje verwoestte en ook de muren en torens van het kasteel zwaar beschadigde. Sindsdien zijn er meerdere restauraties uitgevoerd om de burcht te behouden en de eeuwenoude muren weer hun kracht terug te geven. Tegenwoordig is Kale een van de belangrijkste symbolen van Skopje. Het is niet alleen een historische bezienswaardigheid, maar ook een geliefde ontmoetingsplek voor inwoners en bezoekers. Binnen de muren vinden regelmatig culturele evenementen, concerten en festivals plaats, waardoor het fort een levendige rol in het stadsleven heeft behouden. Op de torens wappert de rode vlag van Noord-Macedonië met de stralende zon fier in de wind, als teken van nationale trots. De robuuste stenen muren, de markante wachttorens en de groene omgeving van het stadspark eromheen maken het Kale-fort tot een plek waar geschiedenis, cultuur en dagelijks leven samenkomen.

A imagem ilustra a Ponte Romana de Salamanca, uma estrutura emblemática sobre o rio Tormes, originalmente construída no século I d.C. como parte da Via da Prata. Composta por 26 arcos, dos quais 15 preservam características romanas, a ponte é um exemplo notável das técnicas construtivas da época, apesar das reconstruções no século XVII após cheias. Em segundo plano, destaca-se a imponente Catedral de Salamanca, que combina a Catedral Velha, de estilo românico do século XII, e a Catedral Nova, construída entre os séculos XVI e XVIII, refletindo a evolução do gótico tardio ao barroco. Este conjunto arquitetónico, reconhecido como Património Mundial pela UNESCO em 1988, representa a rica herança histórica da cidade, onde distintos períodos e estilos coexistem. Atualmente, a ponte é utilizada maioritariamente como passagem pedonal e ciclável, preservando as marcas das técnicas antigas de construção, simbolizando a longevidade e a importância cultural de Salamanca.

The image shows the Roman Bridge of Salamanca, an iconic structure over the Tormes River, originally built in the 1st century AD as part of the Via de la Plata. Composed of 26 arches, 15 of which preserve Roman features, the bridge is a remarkable example of the construction techniques of the time, despite reconstructions in the 17th century after flooding. In the background, the imposing Cathedral of Salamanca stands out, combining the Old Cathedral, in 12th-century Romanesque style, and the New Cathedral, built between the 16th and 18th centuries, reflecting the evolution from late Gothic to Baroque. This architectural ensemble, recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1988, represents the city's rich historical heritage, where different periods and styles coexist. Today, the bridge is mainly used as a pedestrian and bicycle crossing, preserving the marks of ancient construction techniques and symbolizing the longevity and cultural importance of Salamanca.

Canon EOS M6 Mark II

ƒ/5.6 18.0 mm 1/500 100 Blitz (aus, nicht ausgelöst) EXIF

La chiesa di Sant’Apollinare, situata nell’omonima frazione collinare di Sori (Liguria), è attestata nei documenti fin dal 1195. Di origine medievale, rappresenta un importante punto di riferimento religioso per il territorio ed è l’unica chiesa dedicata a Sant’Apollinare nell’arcidiocesi di Genova. La sua posizione panoramica domina il Golfo Paradiso e la Riviera di Levante, coniugando valore storico e paesaggistico.

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The church of Sant’Apollinare, located in the hill hamlet of the same name in Sori (Liguria), is documented as early as 1195. Of medieval origin, it represents an important religious landmark for the area and is the only church dedicated to Saint Apollinare within the Archdiocese of Genoa. Its panoramic position overlooks the Golfo Paradiso and the Ligurian Riviera, combining historical and landscape value.

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These are the medieval graves that are located by Bin Ali's tomb in Dhofar, Oman. I showed you the tomb a few days ago. Such a sight to stop and reflect about the history of a great country and our place in the history of the world. You can also see the harshness of some of the terrain of Oman.

A reminder that all of my images are copyrighted and are not for your use in any way unless you contact me. Thank you so much for your visits and comments.

Burg Schönburg in Oberwesel.

Unesco Welterbe: Oberes Mittelrheintal.

A Torre Hassan, em Rabat, Marrocos, é o minarete incompleto da ambiciosa Mesquita de Hassan, um projeto do califa almóada Yaqub al-Mansur, iniciado em 1195. Desenhada para ser uma das maiores mesquitas do mundo islâmico ocidental, rivalizando com as de Marraquexe e Sevilha, a sua construção foi abruptamente interrompida em 1199 com a morte do califa, deixando o minarete com 44 metros de altura, metade do planeado. A torre, construída em arenito avermelhado, é adornada com intrincados relevos geométricos e padrões sebka, típicos da arquitetura mourisca, e destaca-se no conjunto que integra também as colunas truncadas que delineavam o vasto salão de orações, nunca concluído. O local, classificado como Património Mundial da UNESCO e sobrevivente do terramoto de 1755, simboliza a ambição dinástica dos almóadas e a história interrompida de Rabat, integrando-se hoje num espaço cívico e memorial próximo do Mausoléu de Mohammed V, unindo passado medieval e presente marroquino.

The Hassan Tower in Rabat, Morocco, is the incomplete minaret of the ambitious Hassan Mosque, a project of the Almohad caliph Yaqub al-Mansur, begun in 1195. Designed to be one of the largest mosques in the Western Islamic world, rivaling those in Marrakesh and Seville, its construction was abruptly halted in 1199 with the death of the caliph, leaving the minaret 44 meters high, half of what was planned. The tower, built in reddish sandstone, is adorned with intricate geometric reliefs and sebka patterns, typical of Moorish architecture, and stands out in the complex, which also includes the truncated columns that outlined the vast prayer hall, never completed. The site, classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and survivor of the 1755 earthquake, symbolizes the dynastic ambition of the Almohads and the interrupted history of Rabat. Today, it is part of a civic and memorial space near the Mausoleum of Mohammed V, linking the medieval past and the Moroccan present.

Taken on a moody day at Tintagel, Cornwall – a place steeped in history and legend, said to be the birthplace of King Arthur. The Atlantic crashes against the rugged cliffs, while the ruins of Tintagel Castle keep watch over the emerald waters below.

A shot of the Château de Chillon and Lake Geneva taken with a 10-stop ND filter.

The Château de Chillon is one of Switzerland’s most popular attractions and, even from a brief visit, it is easy to see why.

Reached along a lakeside promenade from Montreux, the château soon comes into view, jutting out from the shore on strong rock foundations above the water.

The subject of numerous poems and works of art, the romantic castle stands on the eastern shores of Lake Geneva, with its lakeside façade depicting a gentler image than the landside, where the fortifications reflect its original military purpose.

The present building dates to the 13th century and was constructed for the Dukes of Savoy to protect the trade route across the Alps into Italy and as a show of power over their territories.

The castle was used as a prison at various points in its history – with the cold damp underground chambers carved into the rock, with the waters of the lake lapping against them. One of the most famous prisoners was François de Bonivard, who spent six years in captivity and who was immortalised by Lord Byron in the Prisoner of Chillon.

It was captured by the Bernese in 1536 and they controlled it until 1798 and is now visited by thousands of people every year, many of them enjoying its cool interior even when outside it is sunny and sweltering – a benefit of the tick stone walls not necessarily appreciated in winter!

Many of the rooms inside the château have been restored to resemble how they looked at various points in history, creating a unique wander through the various levels and buildings within the walls.

A Sé Catedral da Guarda, fotografada ao pôr do sol, é um dos mais impressionantes monumentos góticos e manuelinos de Portugal.

A Sé da Guarda, Monumento Nacional desde 1907, é uma imponente catedral fortificada no coração da cidade. A sua construção, iniciada no final do século XIV e concluída em 1540, resultou numa harmoniosa mistura de estilos arquitetónicos: românico (contrafortes e torres), gótico (abóbadas e portal norte) e manuelino (arco trilobado e colunas torsas). A sua estrutura robusta em granito, em forma de cruz, é dominada por duas torres octogonais. No interior, destaca-se a sobriedade e grandiosidade, com um notável retábulo renascentista na capela-mor, atribuído à escola de João de Ruão. Mais do que um edifício religioso, a Sé representa a história da Guarda, sendo testemunha da sua importância como sede episcopal desde o século XIII, e reflete a evolução artística e histórica de Portugal.

Capitel românico da igreja de San Andrés Apóstol, em Villamayor de Monjardín, Navarra, Espanha. Representa uma cena histórica ou simbólica, possivelmente relacionada com batalhas medievais, como a de Carlomagno contra um príncipe navarro. Este detalhe escultórico integra a rica iconografia do Caminho Francês de Santiago, rota de peregrinação medieval que atravessa a região e foi fundamental para o intercâmbio cultural e artístico na Europa.

750th Palio di Asti Sunday, September 7, 2025 -

BORGO SAN LAZZARO

Tema storico sviluppato dai figuranti del borgo: Araldi pubblici e banditori nel Medioevo astese

Nel Medioevo astigiano, araldi e banditori erano i “messaggeri di parola” della città di Asti. A loro spettava il compito di diffondere notizie ufficiali, proclamare nuove leggi o annunciare condanne pubbliche. Spesso preceduti da musici o accompagnati da militi con le insegne comunali, portavano un bastone simbolico che ne identificava il ruolo. Figure centrali nella vita cittadina, gli araldi rappresentavano la voce della politica e della comunità in un’epoca in cui la scrittura era privilegio di pochi.

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750th Palio di Asti Sunday, September 7, 2025 -

BORGO SAN LAZZARO

Historical theme developed by the village figures: Public heralds and town criers in the Middle Ages in Asti

In medieval Asti, heralds and town criers were the city’s “messengers of words.” They were responsible for spreading official news, proclaiming new laws, and announcing public sentences. Often preceded by musicians or accompanied by guards bearing the city’s insignia, they carried a symbolic staff identifying their role. Central figures in civic life, these heralds embodied the voice of politics and the community in an age when literacy was the privilege of a few.

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photo rights reserved by Ben

The David Gareja Monastery complex is one of the most unique and historically significant religious sites in Georgia. Located in the Kakheti region, near the border with Azerbaijan, the complex is partly carved into the rocks of a rugged, semi-desert landscape. It was founded in the 6th century by the Syrian monk David Garejeli. Over the following centuries, it became an important center of religion, art, and scholarship—especially during the medieval period. Despite repeated invasions, including by Mongols and Persians, it has always remained a place of deep spiritual meaning. This photo shows the courtyard of the Lavra Monastery, the oldest part of the complex. In the upper right corner, you can see the wooden gallery of the building that serves as the communal space for the monks — a place where they eat, gather, and find rest. The timber balcony and extended structure give it a warm, welcoming appearance, even in this remote and austere setting. To the left, in the background, rises the small church with its bell tower, dedicated to David Garejeli himself — the revered founder of the monastery. The weathered stone, the cross motifs in the wall, and the simple architecture reflect the essence of monastic life: simplicity, community, and contemplation. Here in this quiet courtyard, one can feel history, faith, and landscape come together — far from the world, yet full of meaning.

This photo captures the quiet courtyard of the ancient Lavra Monastery at David Gareja. On the right is the monks’ communal hall, where they gather and share meals; in the background stands the simple stone church of Saint David Garejeli. The architecture reflects a life of humility and reflection, set in the stillness of Georgia’s semi-desert hills.

Het David Gareja-kloostercomplex is één van de meest bijzondere en historische religieuze locaties van Georgië. Het ligt in de regio Kakheti, vlak bij de grens met Azerbeidzjan, en is deels uitgehouwen in de rotsen van een ruig, halfwoestijnachtig landschap. Het klooster werd in de 6e eeuw gesticht door de Syrische monnik David Garejeli. In de daaropvolgende eeuwen groeide het uit tot een belangrijk centrum van religie, kunst en wetenschap — vooral in de middeleeuwen. Ondanks herhaalde plunderingen, onder andere door Mongolen en Perzen, bleef het altijd een plaats van diepe spirituele betekenis. Deze foto toont de binnenplaats van het Lavra-klooster, het oudste deel van het complex. Rechtsboven zie je de houten galerij van het gebouw dat dienstdoet als gemeenschappelijke ruimte voor de monniken — een plek waar ze samen eten, bijeenkomen en rust vinden. De houten structuur en het uitkragende balkon zorgen voor een warme en uitnodigende uitstraling, zelfs in deze afgelegen omgeving. Links op de achtergrond prijkt de kleine kerk met klokkentoren die is gewijd aan David Garejeli zelf — de heilige stichter van het klooster. De verweerde steen, de ingelegde kruismotieven in de muur en de sobere architectuur weerspiegelen de geest van het kloosterleven: eenvoud, gemeenschap en contemplatie. Hier, op deze stille binnenplaats, voel je hoe geschiedenis, geloof en landschap samenvallen — ver van de wereld, maar vol betekenis.

This is Bin Ali"s Tomb. Mind you, I was hardly the first person to see this interesting onion- shaped mosque and the grave yard that surrounds it, but it was quite surreal and is imbedded in my memory. The man is my driver who wanted to stop and say hi to the men who work at the site.

Bin Ali was the descendant of the son in law of the Prophet Muhammad and died in 1160. The graves, many with markers, also date back 1000 years. In all of my travels, this historical site ranks as one of the most unusual and fascinating.

A reminder that all of my images are copyrighted and are not for your use in any way unless you contact me. Thank you so much for your visits and comments.

Uma família a explorar Bryggen, o emblemático bairro hanseático de Bergen, Noruega, um Património Mundial da UNESCO desde 1979. Este local histórico preserva a memória da Liga Hanseática, que entre os séculos XIV e XVIII dominou o comércio no Atlântico Norte, especialmente o de peixe seco e cereais. As construções de madeira coloridas, com fachadas estreitas e inclinadas, originalmente armazéns e escritórios dos mercadores alemães, foram reconstruídas após incêndios, mantendo o traçado medieval e as técnicas construtivas tradicionais. O labirinto de vielas e passadiços, essenciais para o transporte de mercadorias, oferecem hoje um vislumbre autêntico da vida portuária medieval. Atualmente, Bryggen alberga oficinas, lojas, museus, como o Bryggens Museum, que expõe achados arqueológicos, e galerias de arte, onde a história se cruza com a vivacidade do quotidiano moderno, proporcionando uma experiência enriquecedora para visitantes de todas as idades.

A family exploring Bryggen, the iconic Hanseatic quarter of Bergen, Norway, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1979. This historic site preserves the memory of the Hanseatic League, which dominated trade in the North Atlantic between the 14th and 18th centuries, especially in dried fish and grain. The colorful wooden buildings with narrow, sloping facades, originally warehouses and offices for German merchants, were rebuilt after fires, maintaining the medieval layout and traditional construction techniques. The maze of alleys and walkways, essential for the transport of goods, now offer an authentic glimpse of medieval port life. Today, Bryggen is home to workshops, shops, museums, such as the Bryggens Museum, which displays archaeological finds, and art galleries, where history intersects with the liveliness of modern everyday life, providing an enriching experience for visitors of all ages.

A partir da ponte pedonal Pedro e Inês, a imagem revela Coimbra em anfiteatro sobre o Mondego, o maior rio exclusivamente português. O curso fluvial, essencial na identidade da cidade, reflete a sua densidade urbana e estrutura a paisagem. A ponte, com o seu design assimétrico, oferece uma perspetiva privilegiada da margem direita, onde se estende o núcleo histórico. No topo da colina, a "Alta" universitária, Património Mundial da UNESCO desde 2013, domina com o Paço das Escolas e a Torre da Universidade, outrora Paço Real, símbolos do saber. A "Baixa" comercial, estendendo-se até ao rio, espelha a estratificação medieval da cidade. A perspetiva une a contemporaneidade da ponte à herança monumental, ilustrando a relação histórica entre Coimbra e o Mondego. O rio, via de transporte e fonte de irrigação, moldou o desenvolvimento da cidade ao longo dos séculos, fundindo o passado e o presente num único quadro.

From the Pedro e Inês footbridge, the image reveals Coimbra as an amphitheater overlooking the Mondego, the largest river exclusively in Portugal. The river, essential to the city's identity, reflects its urban density and structures the landscape. The bridge, with its asymmetrical design, offers a privileged view of the right bank, where the historic center extends. At the top of the hill, the university district, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2013, dominates with the Paço das Escolas and the University Tower, formerly the Royal Palace, symbols of knowledge. The commercial district, stretching down to the river, mirrors the medieval stratification of the city. The view combines the contemporary bridge with the monumental heritage, illustrating the historical relationship between Coimbra and the Mondego. The river, a means of transport and source of irrigation, has shaped the city's development over the centuries, merging the past and the present into a single picture.

Lincoln Cathedral - a view of the ornate West Front from Lincoln Castle - the cathedral is dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary.

Construction originally started in 1072 and was completed in 1093. However it was severely damaged by an earthquake in 1185 and the huge church was subsequently rebuilt in the more elaborate Gothic Style between 1185 and 1311.

Lincoln Cathedral was ordered to be built by William the Conqueror following the Norman Conquest after 1066. It was built on the site of the Roman Legionary Fortress and later settlement known as Lindum Colonia.

Photograph taken on 23rd October 1989

Copyright Photograph Robin Stewart-Smith - All Rights Reserved

No Caminho Francês de Santiago, na província de Navarra, os peregrinos avançam por um trilho de terra batida que liga a passagem pirenaica a Villatuerta, um núcleo urbano visível ao fundo. Este trecho caracteriza-se por campos agrícolas de sequeiro e pequenas manchas arbustivas, enquanto ao longe se destaca a silhueta da Igreja da Assunção, um marco gótico do século XIII que serve de ponto de referência antes de Estella-Lizarra. O percurso, que é uma das principais rotas jacobeias desde a Idade Média, articula caminhos rurais, pontes e antigos pontos de assistência, refletindo a continuidade das práticas de peregrinação cristã. Com a orografia marcada pelo Montejurra, conhecido como "montanha sagrada", este itinerário, classificado como Património Mundial pela UNESCO, fomenta uma rica herança cultural e espiritual. Caminhantes com mochila e bastões seguem as setas amarelas e conchas que sinalizam o caminho, imersos na tranquilidade do cenário.

On the French Way of Saint James, in the province of Navarre, pilgrims walk along a dirt track that connects the Pyrenean pass to Villatuerta, a town visible in the distance. This stretch is characterized by dry farmland and small patches of scrub, while in the distance the silhouette of the Church of the Assumption stands out, a 13th-century Gothic landmark that serves as a reference point before Estella-Lizarra. The route, which has been one of the main pilgrimage routes since the Middle Ages, links rural paths, bridges, and old assistance points, reflecting the continuity of Christian pilgrimage practices. With the orography marked by Montejurra, known as the “sacred mountain,” this itinerary, classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, fosters a rich cultural and spiritual heritage. Hikers with backpacks and walking sticks follow the yellow arrows and shells that mark the way, immersed in the tranquility of the scenery.

Stirling (Scotland)

A Torre de Hassan e os vestígios da mesquita inacabada em Rabat, Marrocos, constituem um dos exemplos mais relevantes da arquitetura almóada do século XII. A construção foi iniciada em 1195 pelo califa Yaqub al-Mansur, com a intenção de erguer o maior minarete e a maior mesquita do mundo islâmico ocidental; no entanto, a obra foi interrompida em 1199 após a sua morte, resultando numa torre com cerca de 44 metros, bem abaixo dos 80 planeados. O minarete, feito de arenito e adornado com complexos padrões geométricos do tipo sebka, destaca-se no panorama urbano. O vasto pátio circundante, pontuado por colunas truncadas que nunca sustentaram o teto da mesquita, abriga um impressionante conjunto arqueológico e simboliza a ambição dinástica dos almóadas. Classificado como Património Mundial da UNESCO em 1995, o local, que inclui o Mausoléu de Mohammed V, reflete a continuidade histórica entre o período medieval e a era moderna, sendo um espaço cívico e memorial em Rabat.

The Hassan Tower and the remains of the unfinished mosque in Rabat, Morocco, are one of the most important examples of 12th-century Almohad architecture. Construction began in 1195 under Caliph Yaqub al-Mansur, who intended to build the tallest minaret and largest mosque in the Western Islamic world. However, work was halted in 1199 after his death, resulting in a tower measuring approximately 44 meters, well below the planned 80 meters. The minaret, made of sandstone and adorned with complex sebka geometric patterns, stands out in the urban landscape. The vast surrounding courtyard, punctuated by truncated columns that never supported the mosque's roof, houses an impressive archaeological site and symbolizes the dynastic ambition of the Almohads. Listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995, the site, which includes the Mausoleum of Mohammed V, reflects the historical continuity between the medieval period and the modern era, serving as a civic and memorial space in Rabat.

Winchester Palace ruins, Pickfords Lane, London.

Na região de Navarra, Espanha, um casal de peregrinos faz uma pausa no Caminho Francês de Santiago, entre Villamayor de Monjardín e Los Arcos, nas imediações do Arroyo Salado. Esta rota, classificada como Património Mundial pela UNESCO, remonta à Idade Média, sendo marcada por um trilho de terra batida que atravessa uma paisagem árida de campos de cereais já colhidos. O percurso, frequentemente exposto ao sol e ao vento, exige a gestão cuidadosa de água e ritmo, tornando as pausas fundamentais. Durante este momento de descanso, enquanto consultam um guia e ajustam as mochilas, os peregrinos contemplam a rica história que os rodeia, já que o "Codex Calixtinus", um guia medieval, menciona o arroyo e alerta sobre a sua salinidade. Ao fundo, outros caminhantes, guiados pelas setas amarelas e pela vieira, símbolo do peregrino, prosseguem em direção a Los Arcos, conhecido pelos seus albergues e pela igreja de Santa María, refletindo a continuidade de uma tradição que conecta pessoas de todo o mundo.

In the region of Navarra, Spain, a couple of pilgrims take a break on the French Way of Saint James, between Villamayor de Monjardín and Los Arcos, near Arroyo Salado. This route, classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, dates back to the Middle Ages and is marked by a dirt track that crosses an arid landscape of harvested grain fields. The route, often exposed to the sun and wind, requires careful management of water and pace, making breaks essential. During this moment of rest, while consulting a guide and adjusting their backpacks, pilgrims contemplate the rich history that surrounds them, as the “Codex Calixtinus,” a medieval guide, mentions the arroyo and warns of its salinity. In the background, other walkers, guided by the yellow arrows and the scallop shell, symbol of the pilgrim, continue towards Los Arcos, known for its hostels and the church of Santa María, reflecting the continuity of a tradition that connects people from all over the world.

The silent city of Mdina in Malta. Less then 300 people live there. Visited on a trip back in 2016.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mdina

Caminho Francês: Entre Torres del Rio e Viana. Peregrinação marcada por paisagens inspiradoras e passagens históricas. Cada passo uma jornada, cada vista uma bênção.

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Aproximação à Fonte dos Mouros (Fuente de los Moros) em Villamayor de Monjardín, no Caminho Francês para Santiago. Esta fonte histórica, datada do século XII, é um dos símbolos desta aldeia navarra e um local de descanso tradicional para os peregrinos na sua jornada espiritual.

No Castelo de Penela, situado no distrito de Coimbra, encontra-se uma réplica de um trabuco de contrapeso, a mais potente arma de cerco medieval pré-pólvora. Este engenho, central em conflitos entre os séculos XII e XIV, utilizava um sistema de alavanca para lançar projéteis a grandes distâncias. A energia potencial gravitacional de um contrapeso, ao ser libertado, convertia-se em energia cinética, impulsionando uma funda que continha pedras ou outros materiais contra muralhas inimigas. A construção robusta e o mecanismo refletem a engenharia avançada da época. A presença desta réplica no Castelo de Penela, um ponto estratégico na linha defensiva do Mondego durante a Reconquista, não só contextualiza a importância militar da fortaleza, como também serve de testemunho pedagógico da engenharia militar medieval e das logísticas de guerra que definiram os conflitos territoriais na Península Ibérica, consolidando a leitura do sítio como espaço de guerra, engenharia e controlo do território. A réplica demonstra como a engenharia militar se desenvolveu e influenciou as táticas de guerra, evidenciando a importância estratégica do castelo e da região.

In Penela Castle, located in the Coimbra district, stands a replica of a counterweight trebuchet, the most powerful siege weapon of the Middle Ages before gunpowder. This device, central to conflicts between the 12th and 14th centuries, used a lever system to launch projectiles over great distances. The gravitational potential energy of a counterweight, when released, converted into kinetic energy, propelling a sling containing stones or other materials against enemy walls. The robust construction and mechanism reflect the advanced engineering of the time. The presence of this replica in Penela Castle, a strategic point on the Mondego defensive line during the Reconquista, not only contextualizes the military importance of the fortress, but also serves as an educational testimony to medieval military engineering and the war logistics that defined territorial conflicts on the Iberian Peninsula, reinforcing the site's perception as a space of war, engineering, and territorial control. The replica demonstrates how military engineering evolved and influenced war tactics, highlighting the strategic importance of the castle and the region.

photo rights reserved by B℮n

Narikala Fortress, one of the oldest and most striking landmarks in Tbilisi, dates back to the 4th century, originally built by the Persians as a defensive stronghold. Perched on a hill, the fortress was later expanded by Arabs and Mongols, and has withstood the test of time. Walking through the ancient ruins, you can sense the centuries of history and the stories embedded in its stones. The view from the top of Narikala is breathtaking, offering a panoramic vista over Tbilisi. From this vantage point, you can see the winding Kura River, the iconic Metekhi Church perched on a cliff, and the towering Sameba Cathedral, one of the largest Orthodox churches in the world. The old city below, with its charming wooden balconies and narrow streets, adds to the beauty of this historic cityscape.

At the base of the fortress lies the National Botanical Garden of Georgia, a peaceful green oasis where visitors can unwind amidst exotic plant species, serene pathways, and flowing streams. With its waterfalls and lush vegetation, the botanical garden offers a beautiful contrast to the ancient fortress above, providing a tranquil retreat that harmoniously blends nature with the city’s historical landscape.

The National Botanical Garden of Georgia, located in Tbilisi, is a beautiful oasis covering 161 hectares at the base of the Narikala Fortress. Once serving as the royal garden for Georgian kings, it now hosts an impressive collection of over 4,500 plant species from around the world. The garden offers scenic walking paths, tranquil streams, and a striking waterfall that enhances its serene atmosphere. Established in the 19th century, the garden provides visitors with a peaceful escape from the bustling city and is a popular spot for nature lovers and hikers. In addition to its rich flora, the garden regularly hosts educational and scientific events, making it a hub for biodiversity and conservation. Its location at the edge of the old town not only offers a retreat for relaxation but also stunning views of Tbilisi and the surrounding landscape.

Narikala-fort, een van de oudste en meest indrukwekkende monumenten van Tbilisi, heeft een rijke geschiedenis die teruggaat tot de 4e eeuw, toen het door de Perzen werd opgericht als verdedigingsbolwerk. Het fort, strategisch gelegen op een heuvel, werd later versterkt door de Arabieren en Mongolen en heeft sindsdien de tand des tijds doorstaan. Terwijl je door de ruïnes wandelt, voel je de eeuwenoude geschiedenis en de verhalen die in de stenen verborgen liggen. Het uitzicht vanaf de top van Narikala is adembenemend en biedt een schilderachtig panorama over Tbilisi. Van hieruit zie je de kronkelende Kura-rivier, het iconische Metekhi-kerkje op een klif, en de grote Sameba-kathedraal, een van de grootste orthodoxe kerken ter wereld, die het stadsbeeld domineert. Je kunt ook de oude stad bewonderen met haar karakteristieke huizen met houten balkons en smalle straatjes vol geschiedenis. Aan de voet van Narikala ligt de Nationale Botanische Tuin van Georgië, een serene, groene oase waar bezoekers kunnen ontspannen te midden van exotische plantensoorten, rustige paden, en stromende beekjes. De botanische tuin, met zijn watervallen en dichte vegetatie, biedt een prachtig contrast met het historische fort dat erboven uitrijst. Het is de perfecte plek voor een rustige wandeling, waarbij de natuur zich harmonieus vermengt met het historische landschap van de stad.

Em 2016, a Catedral de Santiago de Compostela, um marco central do Caminho de Santiago e Património Mundial da UNESCO, encontrava-se em processo de restauro, visível através dos andaimes e redes de proteção que cobriam parte da fachada do Obradoiro e uma das torres. A imagem captada do Parque da Alameda (Paseo de la Ferradura) oferece uma perspetiva singular deste trabalho de conservação, essencial para a manutenção da obra-prima barroca de Fernando de Casas Novoa, erguida no século XVIII sobre uma estrutura românica dos séculos XI-XII, protegendo o pórtico da Glória. As intervenções incluíam a limpeza da pedra de granito galego, a consolidação de juntas e elementos escultóricos, a correção de infiltrações e a revisão de coberturas e pináculos, atendendo aos desafios impostos pela humidade e pressão turística. Ao fundo, a Torre do Relógio (Berenguela) eleva-se contrastando com as estruturas em reabilitação, reafirmando a importância arquitetónica e religiosa da catedral, um ponto de referência vital na paisagem urbana e um destino de peregrinação milenar.

In 2016, the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, a central landmark of the Camino de Santiago and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, was undergoing restoration, visible through the scaffolding and protective nets covering part of the Obradoiro facade and one of the towers. The image captured from the Alameda Park (Paseo de la Ferradura) offers a unique perspective of this conservation work, essential for the maintenance of the baroque masterpiece by Fernando de Casas Novoa, built in the 18th century on a Romanesque structure from the 11th-12th centuries, protecting the Pórtico da Gloria. The interventions included cleaning the Galician granite stone, consolidating joints and sculptural elements, correcting infiltrations, and reviewing coverings and pinnacles, addressing the challenges imposed by humidity and tourist pressure. In the background, the Clock Tower (Berenguela) rises, contrasting with the structures under rehabilitation, reaffirming the architectural and religious importance of the cathedral, a vital reference point in the urban landscape and a destination for millennia-old pilgrimage.

750th Palio di Asti Sunday, September 7, 2025 -

BORGO SAN LAZZARO

Tema storico sviluppato dai figuranti del borgo: Araldi pubblici e banditori nel Medioevo astese

Nel Medioevo astigiano, araldi e banditori erano i “messaggeri di parola” della città di Asti. A loro spettava il compito di diffondere notizie ufficiali, proclamare nuove leggi o annunciare condanne pubbliche. Spesso preceduti da musici o accompagnati da militi con le insegne comunali, portavano un bastone simbolico che ne identificava il ruolo. Figure centrali nella vita cittadina, gli araldi rappresentavano la voce della politica e della comunità in un’epoca in cui la scrittura era privilegio di pochi.

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750th Palio di Asti Sunday, September 7, 2025 -

BORGO SAN LAZZARO

Historical theme developed by the village figures: Public heralds and town criers in the Middle Ages in Asti

In medieval Asti, heralds and town criers were the city’s “messengers of words.” They were responsible for spreading official news, proclaiming new laws, and announcing public sentences. Often preceded by musicians or accompanied by guards bearing the city’s insignia, they carried a symbolic staff identifying their role. Central figures in civic life, these heralds embodied the voice of politics and the community in an age when literacy was the privilege of a few.

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750th Palio di Asti Sunday, September 7, 2025 -

BORGO SAN LAZZARO

Tema storico sviluppato dai figuranti del borgo: Araldi pubblici e banditori nel Medioevo astese

Nel Medioevo astigiano, araldi e banditori erano i “messaggeri di parola” della città di Asti. A loro spettava il compito di diffondere notizie ufficiali, proclamare nuove leggi o annunciare condanne pubbliche. Spesso preceduti da musici o accompagnati da militi con le insegne comunali, portavano un bastone simbolico che ne identificava il ruolo. Figure centrali nella vita cittadina, gli araldi rappresentavano la voce della politica e della comunità in un’epoca in cui la scrittura era privilegio di pochi.

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750th Palio di Asti Sunday, September 7, 2025 -

BORGO SAN LAZZARO

Historical theme developed by the village figures: Public heralds and town criers in the Middle Ages in Asti

In medieval Asti, heralds and town criers were the city’s “messengers of words.” They were responsible for spreading official news, proclaiming new laws, and announcing public sentences. Often preceded by musicians or accompanied by guards bearing the city’s insignia, they carried a symbolic staff identifying their role. Central figures in civic life, these heralds embodied the voice of politics and the community in an age when literacy was the privilege of a few.

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9251

750th Palio di Asti Sunday, September 7, 2025 -

BORGO SAN LAZZARO

Tema storico sviluppato dai figuranti del borgo: Araldi pubblici e banditori nel Medioevo astese

Nel Medioevo astigiano, araldi e banditori erano i “messaggeri di parola” della città di Asti. A loro spettava il compito di diffondere notizie ufficiali, proclamare nuove leggi o annunciare condanne pubbliche. Spesso preceduti da musici o accompagnati da militi con le insegne comunali, portavano un bastone simbolico che ne identificava il ruolo. Figure centrali nella vita cittadina, gli araldi rappresentavano la voce della politica e della comunità in un’epoca in cui la scrittura era privilegio di pochi.

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750th Palio di Asti Sunday, September 7, 2025 -

BORGO SAN LAZZARO

Historical theme developed by the village figures: Public heralds and town criers in the Middle Ages in Asti

In medieval Asti, heralds and town criers were the city’s “messengers of words.” They were responsible for spreading official news, proclaiming new laws, and announcing public sentences. Often preceded by musicians or accompanied by guards bearing the city’s insignia, they carried a symbolic staff identifying their role. Central figures in civic life, these heralds embodied the voice of politics and the community in an age when literacy was the privilege of a few.

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9266

© All rights reserved

A cloister (from Latin claustrum) is a part of cathedral, monastic and abbey architecture. A cloister consists usually of four corridors, with a courtyard or garth in the middle. It is intended to be both covered from the rain, but open to the air. The attachment of a cloister to a Cathedral church usually indicates that it is (or was once) a monastic foundation.

Cloistered (or "Claustral") life is also another name for the life of a monk or nun in the enclosed religious orders; the modern English term enclosure is used in contemporary Catholic church law to mean cloistered, and cloister is sometimes used as a synonym for monastery.

In medieval times, cloisters served the primary function of quiet meditation or study gardens.

From the historic heights of Slottsfjellet, the autumn sun paints Tønsberg in golden tones. The Slottsfjelltårnet rises as a silent sentinel, surrounded by trees shedding their leaves. Beyond, the Byfjorden glimmers, stretching toward Nøtterøy, while Jarlsberg and Kjelle lie in the distance. This 360° unfolded sphere captures not just a hill, but a horizon of history and nature intertwined.

Slottsfjelltårnet was built in 1888 to commemorate Norway’s medieval history. The hill itself was once the site of a fortress dating back to the Viking Age, making Slottsfjellet one of Norway’s most iconic historical landmarks.

photo rights reserved by Ben

Rising high above the Vardar River, in the very heart of Skopje, stands the impressive Kale Fortress, also known as the Skopje Fortress. Built on a hill with sweeping views over the city, this centuries-old stronghold has always held a strategic position. The earliest fortifications date back to the 6th century, when the Byzantines constructed a castle here on top of older Roman foundations. Over the centuries, the complex was expanded and reinforced, especially during the long period of Ottoman rule, when it served not only as a defensive stronghold but also as an administrative center. A dramatic chapter in the fortress’s modern history came in 1963, when a devastating earthquake struck Skopje. Many of the fortress’s walls and towers collapsed, and large parts of the city were destroyed. Since then, extensive restoration efforts have helped preserve the structure and restore its historic character. Today, Kale is one of the most important symbols of Skopje. It is not only a historic landmark but also a popular meeting place for locals and visitors alike. Cultural events, concerts, and festivals are regularly held within its walls, keeping the fortress alive as part of the city’s cultural life. From the towers, the red flag of North Macedonia with its radiant sun waves proudly in the wind, a symbol of national pride. The massive stone walls, distinctive watchtowers, and the green surroundings of the city park make Kale Fortress a place where history, culture, and daily life come together.

Kale Fortress, rising above the Vardar River in the heart of Skopje, dates back to the 6th century and has been shaped by Byzantine, Roman, and Ottoman influences. Once a defensive stronghold, today it stands as a proud symbol of the city, where history, culture, and daily life meet beneath the Macedonian flag.

Hoog boven de rivier de Vardar, midden in het hart van Skopje, torent het indrukwekkende Kale-fort uit, ook wel bekend als de Skopje Fortress. Vanaf de heuvel waarop het gebouwd is, heb je een weids uitzicht over de stad, waardoor dit eeuwenoude bolwerk altijd een strategische plek is geweest. De eerste vestingwerken stammen uit de 6e eeuw, toen de Byzantijnen hier een kasteel bouwden op de resten van nog oudere Romeinse fundamenten. Door de eeuwen heen is het complex steeds verder uitgebreid en versterkt, vooral tijdens de lange periode van Ottomaanse overheersing, toen het niet alleen een verdedigingswerk maar ook een bestuurlijk centrum was. Een dramatisch hoofdstuk in de moderne geschiedenis van Kale vond plaats in 1963, toen een zware aardbeving grote delen van Skopje verwoestte en ook de muren en torens van het kasteel zwaar beschadigde. Sindsdien zijn er meerdere restauraties uitgevoerd om de burcht te behouden en de eeuwenoude muren weer hun kracht terug te geven. Tegenwoordig is Kale een van de belangrijkste symbolen van Skopje. Het is niet alleen een historische bezienswaardigheid, maar ook een geliefde ontmoetingsplek voor inwoners en bezoekers. Binnen de muren vinden regelmatig culturele evenementen, concerten en festivals plaats, waardoor het fort een levendige rol in het stadsleven heeft behouden. Op de torens wappert de rode vlag van Noord-Macedonië met de stralende zon fier in de wind, als teken van nationale trots. De robuuste stenen muren, de markante wachttorens en de groene omgeving van het stadspark eromheen maken het Kale-fort tot een plek waar geschiedenis, cultuur en dagelijks leven samenkomen.

A Igreja de San Donato, situada no centro histórico de Génova, representa um exemplar notável da arquitetura românica genovesa, datada dos séculos XI e XII. A fachada distingue-se pelo uso da bicromia, com a alternância de faixas de pedra calcária clara e ardósia escura, um padrão característico da Ligúria medieval. O portal principal, com um profundo vão afunilado, exibe arquivoltas de volta perfeita que assentam em colunas com capitéis de inspiração coríntia, demonstrando influências clássicas. Acima da arquitrave, uma inscrição ( "Indulgentia Plenaria") sublinha a relevância litúrgica do templo. A estrutura reflete a prosperidade mercantil de Génova, com elementos decorativos que contrastam com a robustez das paredes. A sobreposição de edifícios circundantes ilustra a continuidade urbana da cidade, onde diferentes camadas históricas coexistem. O interior da igreja, com uma nave única e capelas laterais, alberga pinturas renascentistas, incluindo uma Adoração dos Magos de Joos van Cleve.

The Church of San Donato, located in the historic center of Genoa, is a remarkable example of Genoese Romanesque architecture, dating from the 11th and 12th centuries. The façade is distinguished by its use of two colors, with alternating bands of light limestone and dark slate, a pattern characteristic of medieval Liguria. The main portal, with a deep funnel-shaped opening, features round archivolts resting on columns with Corinthian-inspired capitals, demonstrating classical influences. Above the architrave, an inscription (“Indulgentia Plenaria”) emphasizes the liturgical significance of the temple. The structure reflects Genoa's mercantile prosperity, with decorative elements that contrast with the robustness of the walls. The overlapping of surrounding buildings illustrates the urban continuity of the city, where different historical layers coexist. The interior of the church, with a single nave and side chapels, houses Renaissance paintings, including an Adoration of the Magi by Joos van Cleve.

The former Archbishop's Palace of York stands next to Southwell Minster, neighbouring the Bishop's official residence. Dating back to the 14th century, the Palace suffered significant damage during the Civil War, with the ruined section visible from the Palace Gardens. The Great Hall, which survived, was restored in the Edwardian era and retains its original dimensions and medieval beams, notably in the vaulted ceiling of the State Chamber.

Notably, the Palace was home to Cardinal Wolsey, who held his final, troubled meetings in the State Chamber in 1530, trying to resolve his failure to secure a divorce for Henry VIII from Catherine of Aragon. Additionally, it is believed that Charles I met his advisers here, and following his capture in Southwell, his arrest was formalised in the same room. The Palace also became his first site of imprisonment.

750th Palio di Asti Sunday, September 7, 2025 -

COMUNE DI BALDICHIERI -

Tema storico sviluppato dai figuranti del COMUNE DI BALDICHIERI: Donna e amore: strumento di raffinamento spirituale

Con la nascita della cavalleria e della letteratura in volgare, l’immagine della donna assume un valore nobile: amare una donna diventa via di elevazione spirituale, pur tra desiderio e timore. Questo ideale favorisce nuove riflessioni su amore, onore e armonia interiore, diffondendosi anche tra i mercanti astigiani e contribuendo a rendere Asti un centro di scambio culturale oltre che economico.

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750th Palio di Asti Sunday, September 7, 2025 -

COMUNE DI BALDICHIERI -

Historical theme developed by the participants of the MUNICIPALITY OF BALDICHIERI: Woman and love: a tool for spiritual refinement

With the rise of chivalry and vernacular literature, the image of women becomes noble: love for a woman becomes a path of spiritual refinement, marked by desire and fear. This ideal inspires reflections on love, honor, and inner balance, spreading among Asti’s merchants and helping transform the city into a cultural as well as economic crossroads.

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St Hild's Abbey has 6th century origins and the current range of buildings were erected in the 13th to 15th centuries.

750th Palio di Asti Sunday, September 7, 2025 -

BORGO SAN LAZZARO

Tema storico sviluppato dai figuranti del borgo: Araldi pubblici e banditori nel Medioevo astese

Nel Medioevo astigiano, araldi e banditori erano i “messaggeri di parola” della città di Asti. A loro spettava il compito di diffondere notizie ufficiali, proclamare nuove leggi o annunciare condanne pubbliche. Spesso preceduti da musici o accompagnati da militi con le insegne comunali, portavano un bastone simbolico che ne identificava il ruolo. Figure centrali nella vita cittadina, gli araldi rappresentavano la voce della politica e della comunità in un’epoca in cui la scrittura era privilegio di pochi.

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750th Palio di Asti Sunday, September 7, 2025 -

BORGO SAN LAZZARO

Historical theme developed by the village figures: Public heralds and town criers in the Middle Ages in Asti

In medieval Asti, heralds and town criers were the city’s “messengers of words.” They were responsible for spreading official news, proclaiming new laws, and announcing public sentences. Often preceded by musicians or accompanied by guards bearing the city’s insignia, they carried a symbolic staff identifying their role. Central figures in civic life, these heralds embodied the voice of politics and the community in an age when literacy was the privilege of a few.

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9247

750th Palio di Asti Sunday, September 7, 2025 -

BORGO SAN LAZZARO

Tema storico sviluppato dai figuranti del borgo: Araldi pubblici e banditori nel Medioevo astese

Nel Medioevo astigiano, araldi e banditori erano i “messaggeri di parola” della città di Asti. A loro spettava il compito di diffondere notizie ufficiali, proclamare nuove leggi o annunciare condanne pubbliche. Spesso preceduti da musici o accompagnati da militi con le insegne comunali, portavano un bastone simbolico che ne identificava il ruolo. Figure centrali nella vita cittadina, gli araldi rappresentavano la voce della politica e della comunità in un’epoca in cui la scrittura era privilegio di pochi.

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750th Palio di Asti Sunday, September 7, 2025 -

BORGO SAN LAZZARO

Historical theme developed by the village figures: Public heralds and town criers in the Middle Ages in Asti

In medieval Asti, heralds and town criers were the city’s “messengers of words.” They were responsible for spreading official news, proclaiming new laws, and announcing public sentences. Often preceded by musicians or accompanied by guards bearing the city’s insignia, they carried a symbolic staff identifying their role. Central figures in civic life, these heralds embodied the voice of politics and the community in an age when literacy was the privilege of a few.

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9257

750th Palio di Asti Sunday, September 7, 2025 -

COMUNE DI BALDICHIERI -

Tema storico sviluppato dai figuranti del COMUNE DI BALDICHIERI: Donna e amore: strumento di raffinamento spirituale

Con la nascita della cavalleria e della letteratura in volgare, l’immagine della donna assume un valore nobile: amare una donna diventa via di elevazione spirituale, pur tra desiderio e timore. Questo ideale favorisce nuove riflessioni su amore, onore e armonia interiore, diffondendosi anche tra i mercanti astigiani e contribuendo a rendere Asti un centro di scambio culturale oltre che economico.

----------------------------

750th Palio di Asti Sunday, September 7, 2025 -

COMUNE DI BALDICHIERI -

Historical theme developed by the participants of the MUNICIPALITY OF BALDICHIERI: Woman and love: a tool for spiritual refinement

With the rise of chivalry and vernacular literature, the image of women becomes noble: love for a woman becomes a path of spiritual refinement, marked by desire and fear. This ideal inspires reflections on love, honor, and inner balance, spreading among Asti’s merchants and helping transform the city into a cultural as well as economic crossroads.

---------------------

9173

A imagem retrata o interior do bairro histórico de Bryggen, em Bergen, Noruega, um importante centro comercial da Liga Hanseática desde o século XIV, classificado como Património Mundial da UNESCO desde 1979. Composto por edifícios de madeira pintados em tons avermelhados, Bryggen exemplifica a arquitetura tradicional hanseática, caracterizando-se por estruturas de empenas íngremes, passagens estreitas e escadas exteriores adaptadas ao terreno. Durante quase 400 anos, mercadores alemães utilizaram estas construções para armazenar mercadorias, especialmente bacalhau seco, e para habitação. Apesar dos vários incêndios, incluindo o mais devastador em 1702, as reconstruções respeitaram a traça original medieval, mantendo a organização funcional do espaço, com pavimentos de pedra irregular que revelam a história do local. Atualmente, cerca de 62 edifícios preservados abrigam museus, lojas de artesanato e restaurantes, tornando Bryggen um exemplo significativo de preservação urbana e um destino atrativo para visitantes interessados na rica herança cultural e comercial da região.

The image depicts the interior of the historic district of Bryggen in Bergen, Norway, an important commercial center of the Hanseatic League since the 14th century, classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1979. Composed of wooden buildings painted in reddish tones, Bryggen exemplifies traditional Hanseatic architecture, characterized by steep gable structures, narrow passages and exterior stairs adapted to the terrain. For almost 400 years, German merchants used these buildings to store goods, especially dried cod, and for housing. Despite the various fires, including the most devastating one in 1702, the reconstructions respected the original medieval layout, maintaining the functional organization of the space, with irregular stone floors that reveal the history of the place. Currently, about 62 preserved buildings house museums, craft shops, and restaurants, making Bryggen a significant example of urban preservation and an attractive destination for visitors interested in the region's rich cultural and commercial heritage.