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The Grade I Listed Pembroke Castle, the original family seat of the Earldom of Pembroke. It is a medieval Linear castle as it is a castle designed to confront its attackers with a series of barriers/impediments in a line. In Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, South Wales.
In 1093 Arnulf of Montgomery built the first castle at the site when he fortified the promontory beside the Pembroke River during the Norman invasion of Wales. A century later, the castle was given by Richard I to William Marshal, who became one of the most powerful men in 12th-century Britain. He rebuilt Pembroke in stone creating most of the structure that remains today.
It 1648 during the Second English Civil War it was the centre of the Siege of Pembroke. Colonel Horton marched his 3,000 troops west to Tenby and laid siege to Tenby Castle which was held by about 500 Royalists under command of Colonel Rice Powell. Oliver Cromwell later arrived with further troops, leaving Horton with enough men to deal with Powel, Cromwell marched the rest of the army to lay siege to Pembroke.
When Tenby Castle was stormed Powel was taken prisoner, but Pembroke Castle, under command of General Rowland Laugharne and John Poyer, was a strong medieval fortress which could not be taken as quickly. It stood on a rocky promontory surrounded on three sides by the sea, and on the landward side its defences consisted of a deep ditch and walls up to 20 feet (6.1 m) thick.
Ships carrying siege artillery to Cromwell were forced back up the Bristol Channel to Gloucester by storms, so Cromwell tried a frontal assault. It failed because the ladders used to escalade the walls were too short. The defenders managed to surprise the besiegers in a sudden sortie, killing thirty of the besiegers and damaging the circumvallation. The siege guns arrived in mid-June but over the next month they made little impact on the thick curtain walls.
Eventually, the siege ended when Cromwell's forces discovered the conduit pipe which delivered water to the castle and cut off the defenders' water supply. Poyer and Laugharne were forced to surrender on 11 July.
Cromwell then ordered the castle slighted so that it could never again be used as a military fortress. Laugharne, Poyer and Powell were taken to London, tried and sentenced to death, but Poyer alone was executed on 25 April 1649, being the victim selected by lot.
Major restoration took place during the early 20th century, the castle it is open to the public and is the largest privately-owned castle in Wales.
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Listed Building Grade II
List Entry Number : 1269688
Date First Listed : 2 May 1975
An early to mid 19th century house, later a café, roughcast with stone dressings and a slate roof. It has three bays and two storeys, with an attic in the middle bay, which is gabled with plain bargeboards and a finial. The doorway in the central bay has engaged columns with palm-leaf capitals, a frieze with roundels, and a pediment containing a laurel wreath, in the upper floor is a sash window, and in the attic is a round-headed window with a keystone. In the ground floor of the left bay is a shop window, and the other windows are sashes.
The first piece in 2009.
A pity I didn't have any emulsion paint on me.
First sunny day this year, had to grab my cans and at least do SOMETHING with it.
I think this is gonna be one long summer.
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Wiesbaden, Germany
March 2009
The Grade I Listed Bristol Cathedral, in Bristol, Avon.
Bristol Cathedral was founded as St Augustine's Abbey in 1140 by Robert Fitzharding, a wealthy local landowner and royal official. As the name suggests, the monastic precinct housed Augustinian canons. The original abbey church, of which only fragments remain, was constructed between 1140 and 1148 in the Romanesque style, known in England as Norman. The dedication ceremony was held on 11 April 1148, and was conducted by the Bishops of Worcester, Exeter, Llandaff, and St Asaph.
Further stone buildings were erected on the site between 1148 and 1164. Three examples of this phase survive, the chapterhouse and the abbey gatehouse, now the diocesan office, together with a second Romanesque gateway, which originally led into the abbot's quarters. T.H.B. Burrough, a local architectural historian, describes the former as "the finest Norman chapter house still standing today".
Under Abbot David there was a new phase of building, notably the construction in around 1220 of a chapel dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary, abutting the northern side of the choir. This building, which still stands, was to become known as the "Elder Lady Chapel". The architect, referred to in a letter as 'L', is thought to have been Adam Lock, master mason of Wells Cathedral. The stonework of the eastern window of this chapel is by William the Geometer, of about 1280.
Under Abbot Edward Knowle, a major rebuilding of the Abbey church began despite financial problems. Between 1298 and 1332 the eastern part of the abbey church was rebuilt in the English Decorated Gothic style. The Black Death is likely to have affected the monastery and when William Coke became abbot in 1353, he obtained a papal bull from Pope Urban V to allow him ordain priests at a younger age to replace those who had died. Soon after the election of his successor, Henry Shellingford, in 1365 Edward III took control of the monastery and made Maurice de Berkeley, 4th Baron Berkeley its commissioner to resolve the financial problems.
Financial difficulties meant that little building work took place for nearly 100 years, however in the mid-15th century, the number of Canons increased, and the transept and central tower were constructed. Abbot John Newland began the rebuilding of the nave, but it was incomplete at the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1539.
The partly built nave was demolished and the remaining eastern part of the church closed until it reopened as a cathedral under the secular clergy. In an edict dated June 1542, Henry VIII and Thomas Cranmer raised the building to rank of Cathedral of a new Diocese of Bristol. The new diocese was created from parts of the Diocese of Gloucester and the Diocese of Bath and Wells. Paul Bush, a former royal household chaplain, was created the first Bishop of Bristol.
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Bloody finally. I've been waiting for Calculator to complete this group, and to release the pics of Clock King and co. so there wouldn't be spoilers for future posts.
Anyways, Anyone you don't see here I either consider higher than C-List, or not really a Batman villain. Though I do refer to Moth as at least B-List usually, but that's just favoritism I think.
You've seen all these fellows before aside from a few I didn't think deserved their own post (Great White Shark, The Terrible Trio.)
Anyways, Shoot me your thoughts! Cheers!
Searching for another interesting composition of abandoned Dungeness fishing boats
Best viewed on black, press 'L'
One of my neighbors many bird houses has seen better days. I don't think I've seen a bird anywhere near it in years!
A Holstein cow with her herd mates grazing on a nice sunny day in August. She has got some real power - just look at that big muzzle, chest width and spring of rib!
Quartermile Edinburgh. Site of the old Edinburgh Royal Infirmary.
Now modern offices shops and flats.
Listed Building Grade I
List Entry Number : 1291596
Date First Listed : 25 February 1952
The bank, built during 1845/6, was designed by C. R. Cockerell in Classical style, and has since been used for other purposes. It is in sandstone on a plinth of Portland stone, and has a slate roof. There are three storeys and a basement, and a symmetrical front of five bays. The lower two floors are rusticated, they contain five engaged Doric columns, and above is an entablature with a triglyph frieze. The middle three bays have a balcony and a pediment, with a doorway in the centre flanked by three-light windows with Diocletian windows above.
The view from the Grade I Listed Lincoln Castle, in Lincoln, Lincolnshire.
Lincoln Castle was built during the late 11th century by William the Conqueror on the site of a pre-existing Roman fortress. The castle is unusual in that it has two mottes. It is only one of two such castles in the country, the other being at Lewes in Sussex.
When William the Conqueror defeated Harold Godwinson and the English at The Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066, he continued to face resistance to his rule in the north of England. For several years, William's position was very insecure. To project his influence northwards to control the people of the Danelaw, he constructed a few major castles in the north and midlands of England. It was at this time major castles at Warwick, Nottingham, and York were built. After gaining control of York, the Conqueror turned southwards and arrived at the Roman and Viking city of Lincoln.
When William reached Lincoln, he found a Viking commercial and trading centre with a population of 6,000 to 8,000. The remains of the old Roman walled fortress located 60 metres above the countryside to the south and west, proved an ideal strategic position to construct a new castle. Lincoln represented a vital strategic crossroads of the the same routes which influenced the siting of the Roman fort: Ermine Street, Fosse Way, Valley of the River Trent, River Witham & Lincolnshire Wolds
A castle here could guard several of the main strategic routes and form part of a network of strongholds of the Norman kingdom to control the country internally. Also, it could form a centre from which troops could be sent to repel Scandinavian landings anywhere on the coast from the Trent to the Welland, to a large extent, by using the roads which the Romans had constructed for the same purpose.
The castle was the focus of attention during the First Battle of Lincoln which occurred on 2 February 1141, during the struggle between King Stephen and Empress Matilda over who should be monarch in England. It was held but damaged, and a new tower, called the Lucy Tower, was built.
Lincoln Castle was again the site of a siege followed by the Second Battle of Lincoln, on 20 May 1217, during the reign of King John in the First Barons' War. This was the period of political struggle which led to the signing of Magna Carta on 15 June 1215.
As in Norwich and other places, the castle was used as a secure site in which to establish a prison. At Lincoln, the prison Gaol was built in 1787 and extended in 1847. Imprisoned debtors were allowed some social contact but the regime for criminals was designed to be one of isolation, according to the separate system. Consequently, the seating in the prison chapel is designed to enclose each prisoner individually so that the preacher could see everyone, but each could see only him. By 1878 the system was discredited, and the inmates were transferred to the new jail in the eastern outskirts of Lincoln.
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The Grade I Listed St Mary's Church, in Banbury, Oxfordshire.
Built in the classic style in 1790s to replace the Medieval one damaged during the English Civil War. It was designed by Samuel Pepys Cockerell, with a tower and portico added by Charles Robert Cockerell in 1818, and a second stage of alterations by architect Arthur Blomfield in 1821.
The inside of the church was re-ordered in the 1860s and 1870s by the then vicar Henry Back, an Anglo-Catholic, to make it more suitable for Eucharistic worship. He commissioned Arthur Blomfield oversee the re-ordering and to decorate the church in a Byzantine style.
Information Sources:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Church,_Banbury
britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/101369519-church-of-st-mary-...
Listed Building Grade II
List Entry Number : 1245278
Date First Listed : 12 January 1967
A 17th century stone cottage on natural boulders, with a slate roof, two storeys, three bays, and a lean-to on the left. On the front is an open gabled porch containing a slate bench, and the windows are sashes.
With so much coming out, I need a checklist to keep it straight.
What did I forget?
What do I need to add?
In the UK, important historical buildings get 'listed' and Given 'a 'Grade'. The idea is to preserve old buildings. The grade determines what can be done to the building. The higher the grade the less you can do. But, who decides what is worth keeping? Or, more importantly, how do they decide what is worth keeping? This cottage has a history (of which I know nothing). It was a place where someone lived out their life or lives. But, it has been left to fall apart. Why? because they were not rich, famous, notorious?
"Bucket List" is the challenge for Our Daily Challenge today.
Its my birthday and having personally survived Covid since my last birthday, I feel my Bucket List is gratifyingly full. Of course I can always wish for more foreign travel. Oh India! My life has been blessed with riches of many kinds and I have long known it. The task now is to be mindfully thankful and kind. And when restless, review memories and photos.