View allAll Photos Tagged Liberal
Model - Brogen.
I meant to upload this the other day, but I forgot.
Downtown Harrisonburg / random faucet we found on a street.
Ask me questions here: www.formspring.me/breeannaowsley
© Breeanna Owsley
Headshot of Rachel Maddow. A radio host on the liberal station, Air America Radio. Openly gay and a Rhodes scholar, her cheeky and articulate delivery is making her a rising star for the APF left.
NOT my photo, from Rossday "The building under construction is the former Liberal Club, Adelaide Street, Crawshawbooth which was built in the late 19th Century and closed in the early 1940s. From 1953 until 1985 it was St Thomas More RC Church, and is now part of Crawshawbooth Library and Community Centre."
Thanks
peterfisher.smugmug.com/History/Crawshawbooth-Liberal-Clu...
Nick Clegg, Deputy Prime Minister in the Coalition Government, Leader of the Liberal Democrat Party and Member of Parliament for Sheffield Hallam at the National Commemoration of the Centenary of the Gallipoli Campaign at the Cenotaph in Whitehall on 25 April 2015. The commemoration took place during the 2015 general election campaign.
From the Official Programme
THE NATIONAL COMMEMORATION OF THE CENTENARY OF THE GALLIPOLI CAMPAIGN AND ANZAC DAY AT THE CENOTAPH, WHITEHALL, LONDON
HOSTED BY THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND IN PARTNERSHIP WITH THE HIGH COMMISSIONS OF AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND IN LONDON
On 25 April 1915 Allied soldiers landed on the Gallipoli peninsula in Turkey in one of the most ambitious amphibious assaults in history.
More than 550,000 soldiers from Britain, Ireland, France, Australia, New Zealand, the Indian sub-continent, Canada and Sri Lanka waged this historic campaign, including 400,000 from Britain alone. 58,000 Allied servicemen and 87,000 from Turkey died in this campaign.
ANZAC Day was established by Australia and New Zealand as an annual day of commemoration to remember their servicemen who died in Gallipoli. The first ANZAC Day march in London took place on 25 April 1916. ANZAC Day has been commemorated in London on 25 April every year since then.
ORDER OF SERVICE
11:00 Big Ben strikes the hour
Two minutes’ silence
The Last Post Sounded by buglers from the Band of Her Majesty’s Royal Marines
Reading by Michael Toohey, age 22, descendant of Private Thomas Toohey, Royal Dublin Fusiliers, killed in action at V beach on 25 April 1915, aged 22.
The Fallen by Laurence Binyon, 4th verse, published in The Times on 21 September 1914
They shall grow not old, as we that are left grow old: age shall not weary them nor the years condemn. At the going down of the sun and in the morning, we will remember them.
All: We will remember them.
Laying of Wreaths
After Her Majesty The Queen has laid a wreath the Massed Bands will play Elegy (1915) – in memoriam Rupert Brooke – by F S Kelly (1881–1916) and Largo by G F Handel (1685–1759).
Her Majesty The Queen lays the first wreath followed by:
The Right Honourable David Cameron, Prime Minister Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Senator the Honourable George Brandis QC, Attorney General, Commonwealth of Australia
The Right Honourable David Carter MP, 29th Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives
A representative of the Republic of Turkey
The Right Honourable Nick Clegg, Deputy Prime Minister Great Britain and Northern Ireland
The Right Honourable Michael Fallon, Secretary of State for Defence
The Right Honourable Sajid Javid, Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport
The Right Honourable Hugo Swire, Minister of State, Foreign and Commonwealth Office
Helen Grant, Minister for the First World War Centenary
Dr Andrew Murrison, Prime Minister’s Special Representative for the First World War Centenary
The Right Honourable Ed Miliband, Leader of Her Majesty’s Opposition
Keith Brown MSP, Cabinet Secretary for Infrastructure, Investment and Cities, Scottish Government
The Right Honourable Carwyn Jones, First Minister, Welsh Government
A representative of the Northern Ireland Executive
Lieutenant General Sir Gerry Berragan KBE CB, Adjutant General
Air Marshal Dick Garwood CB CBE DFC, Director General Defence Safety Authority
Vice Admiral Sir Philip Jones KCB, Fleet Commander and Deputy Chief of Naval Staff
Lieutenant General John Caligari AO DSC, Chief Capability Development Group, Australian Defence Force
Brigadier Antony Hayward ONZ, Head New Zealand Defence Staff, New Zealand High Commission
Colonel Ömer Özkan, Air Attaché, Embassy of Turkey
A representative of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh
Steven Vandeput, Minister of Defence of Belgium
His Excellency Gordon Campbell, High Commissioner for Canada
A representative of the Republic of France
A representative of the Federal Republic of Germany
His Excellency Dr Ranjan Mathai, High Commissioner for the Republic of India
His Excellency Daniel Mulhall, Ambassador of Ireland to the United Kingdom
His Excellency The Honourable Joseph Muscat, Prime Minister of the Republic of Malta
A representative of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
His Excellency Muhammad Nawaz Sharif, Prime Minister of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan
His Excellency The Honourable Peter O’Neill CMG MP, Prime Minister of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea
His Excellency Mr Obed Mlaba, High Commissioner for the Republic of South Africa
A representative of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
Sonata Tupou, Acting High Commissioner for the Kingdom of Tonga
The Honourable Bronwyn Bishop MP, Speaker to the Australian House of Representatives
Bill Muirhead AM, Agent-General for South Australia
Ken Smith, Trade Commissioner for Europe and Agent General for UK at Trade & Investment Queensland
Kevin Skipworth CVO, Agent-General for Western Australia
Ian Matterson, Representative of the Premier of Tasmania
Mathew Erbs, on behalf of the Agent-General for Victoria
Gary Dunn, Deputy Commonwealth Secretary General
General The Lord Richards of Herstmonceux GCB CBE DSO, Deputy Grand President, British Commonwealth Ex-Servicemen’s League
Vice Admiral Peter Wilkinson CB CVO, National President, the Royal British Legion
Right Honourable The Viscount Slim OBE DL, Returned and Services League of Australia
Colonel Andrew Martin ONZM, Royal New Zealand Returned and Services Association
Lindsay Birrell, CEO, London Legacy
Captain Christopher Fagan DL, Chairman, The Gallipoli Association
The Honourable Mrs Ros Kelly AO, Commissioner, Commonwealth War Graves Commission
Sue Pillar, Director of Volunteer Support, Soldiers’ And Sailors’ Families Association (SSAFA)
Captain Jim Conybeare, Master, The Honourable Company of Master Mariners
Lyn Hopkins, Director General, The Victoria League for Commonwealth Friendship
Sir Anthony Figgis KCVO CMG, Chairman, Royal Overseas League
Reveille sounded by buglers from the Band of Her Majesty’s Royal Marines
THE PRAYERS
Prayer by The Venerable Ian Wheatley QHC, Royal Navy Chaplain of the Fleet
God our Father, we come together today to honour all those who gave themselves with great courage in service and sacrifice for their country in the Gallipoli Campaign. We pray that their example may continue to inspire us to strive for the common good, that we may build up the harmony and freedom for which they fought and died.
Help us O Lord, to lift our eyes above the torment of this broken world, and strengthen our resolve to work for peace and justice, and for the relief of want and suffering. As we honour the past, may we put our faith in your future; for you are the source of life and hope, now and forever. Amen.
Hymn led by the Choirs of Chelmsford Cathedral and accompanied by the Massed Bands
I Vow To Thee My Country
All:
I vow to thee, my country, all earthly things above,
Entire and whole and perfect, the service of my love;
The love that asks no question, the love that stands the test,
That lays upon the altar the dearest and the best;
The love that never falters, the love that pays the price,
The love that makes undaunted the final sacrifice.
I heard my country calling, away across the sea,
Across the waste of waters, she calls and calls to me.
Her sword is girded at her side, her helmet on her head,
And around her feet are lying the dying and the dead;
I hear the noise of battle, the thunder of her guns;
I haste to thee, my mother, a son among thy sons.
And there’s another country, I’ve heard of long ago,
Most dear to them that love her, most great to them that know;
We may not count her armies, we may not see her King;
Her fortress is a faithful heart, her pride is suffering;
And soul by soul and silently her shining bounds increase,
And her ways are ways of gentleness, and all her paths are peace.
Prayer read by Grace van Gageldonk (14 years old) from Australia
God of compassion and mercy, we remember with thanksgiving and sorrow, those whose lives in world wars and conflicts past and present, have been
given and taken away.
Enfold in your love, all who in bereavement, disability and pain, continue to suffer the consequences of fighting and terror; and guide and protect all those who support and sustain them. Amen.
National anthem Advance Australia Fair
Led by the Choirs of Chelmsford Cathedral and accompanied by the Massed Bands
Australians all let us rejoice,
For we are young and free;
We’ve golden soil and wealth for toil,
Our home is girt by sea;
Our land abounds in nature’s gifts
Of beauty rich and rare;
In history’s page, let every stage
Advance Australia Fair.
In joyful strains then let us sing,
‘Advance Australia Fair’.
Prayer read by Kathryn Cooper (11 years old) from New Zealand
God of hope, the source of peace and the refuge of all in distress, we remember those you have gathered from the storm of war into the everlasting peace of your presence; may that same peace calm our fears, bring reconciliation and justice to all peoples, and establish lasting harmony among the nations.
We pray for all members of the armed forces who strive for peace and fight for justice today; bless and keep their families and friends at home awaiting their return. Help us, who today remember the cost of war, to work for a better tomorrow, and bring us all, in the end, to the peace of your presence; through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.
National anthem God Defend New Zealand
Led by the Choirs of Chelmsford Cathedral and accompanied by the Massed Bands
E Ihowā _Atua,
O ngā _iwi mātou rā
Āta whakarangona;
Me aroha noa
Kia hua ko te pai;
Kia tau tō _atawhai;
Manaakitia mai
Aotearoa
God of Nations at Thy feet,
in the bonds of love we meet,
hear our voices, we entreat,
God defend our free land.
Guard Pacific’s triple star
from the shafts of strife and war,
make her praises heard afar,
God defend New Zealand.
Reading Atatürk’s message to bereaved pilgrims, 1934, read by Ecenur Bilgiç (14 years old) from Turkey
Those heroes that shed their blood and lost their lives…
You are now lying in the soil of a friendly country. Therefore rest in peace.
There is no difference between the Johnnies and the Mehmets to us where they lie side by side here in this country of ours…
You, the mothers, who sent their sons from faraway countries, wipe away your tears; your sons are now lying in our bosom and are in peace, after having lost their lives on this land they have become our sons as well.
National anthem İstiklal Marşı (The Independence March)
Led by Burak Gülşen from Turkey, accompanied by the Massed Bands
Korkma, sönmez bu şafaklarda yüzen al sancak;
Sönmeden yurdumun üstünde tüten en son ocak.
O benim milletimin yıldızıdır, parlayacak;
O benimdir, o benim milletimindir ancak.
Çatma, kurban olayım, çehreni ey nazlı hilal!
Kahraman ırkıma bir gül! Ne bu şiddet, bu celal?
Sana olmaz dökülen kanlarımız sonra helal…
Hakkıdır, Hakk’a tapan, milletimin istiklal!
Fear not! For the crimson flag that flies at this dawn, shall not fade,
As long as the last fiery hearth that is ablaze in my country endures.
For that is the star of my nation, which will forever shine;
It is mine; and solely that of my valiant nation.
Frown not, I beseech you, oh thou coy crescent!
Come smile upon my heroic race! Why this rage, this fury?
The blood we shed for you shall not be blessed otherwise;
For independence is the absolute right of my God-worshipping nation.
Remembering Gallipoli a commemoration created by Michael McDermott
Music composed by Michael McDermott
Reading by James McDermott (17 years old) from the United Kingdom
The Attack at Dawn (May, 1915) by Leon Maxwell Gellert (1892–1977)
‘At every cost,’ they said, ‘it must be done.’
They told us in the early afternoon.
We sit and wait the coming of the sun
We sit in groups, — grey groups that watch the moon.
We stretch our legs and murmur half in sleep
And touch the tips of bayonets and yarn.
Our hands are cold. They strangely grope and creep,
Tugging at ends of straps. We wait the dawn!
Some men come stumbling past in single file.
And scrape the trench’s side and scatter sand.
They trip and curse and go. Perhaps we smile.
We wait the dawn! … The dawn is close at hand!
A gentle rustling runs along the line.
‘At every cost,’ they said, ‘it must be done.’
A hundred eyes are staring for the sign.
It’s coming! Look! … Our God’s own laughing sun!
Closing prayers by The Venerable Ian Wheatley QHC, Royal Navy Chaplain of the Fleet
Eternal God,
from whom all thoughts of truth and peace proceed;
Kindle, we pray, in the hearts of all, the true love of peace
and guide with your pure and peaceable wisdom
those who take counsel for the nations of the world,
that in tranquillity your kingdom may go forward,
and all people may spend their days in security, freedom and peace;
through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.
Merciful God
we offer to you the fears in us
that have not yet been cast out by love:
may we accept the hope you have
placed in the hearts of all people,
and live lives of justice, courage and mercy;
through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.
The Lord’s Prayer
All:
Our Father, who art in heaven,
hallowed be thy name;
thy kingdom come, thy will be done;
on earth as it is in heaven.
Give is this day our daily bread.
And forgive is our trespasses,
And forgive us our trespasses,
as we forgive those that trespass against us.
And lead is not into temptation;
but deliver us from evil.
For thine is the kingdom,
the power and the glory,
fro ver and ever. Amen.
The Blessing
God grant to the living grace, to the departed rest,
to the Church, the Queen, the Commonwealth and all people,
unity, peace and concord,
and to us and all God’s servants, life everlasting;
and the blessing of God almighty,
the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit,
be among you and remain with you always. Amen.
National anthem God Save the Queen
Led by the Choirs of Chelmsford Cathedral and accompanied by the Massed Bands
God save our gracious Queen,
Long live our noble Queen.
God save the Queen!
Send her victorious,
Happy and glorious,
Long to reign over us;
God save the Queen!
They Are At Rest by Sir Edward Elgar (1857–1934), sung by the Choirs of Chelmsford Cathedral (unaccompanied)
THE MARCH PAST
Contingents from:
The Royal Navy
HMS QUEEN ELIZABETH
The Fleet Air Arm
The Submarine Service
Hybrid (HMS OCEAN, HMS ALBION,
Britannia Royal Naval College)
The Royal Marines
Maritime Reserves (Royal Navy
and Royal Marines Reserves)
Representatives from the Armed Forces of other countries who fought at Gallipoli
invited to join the March Past:
Australia
New Zealand
Canada
Turkey
India
Germany
Ireland
France
Bangladesh
Pakistan
South Africa
Papua New Guinea
Tonga
The Gallipoli Association
Naval Services Associations
The Royal Naval Association
The Royal Marines Association
Army Units and their Associations
The Royal Regiment of Artillery
The Royal Corps of Engineers
The Royal Regiment of Scotland
The Princess of Wales’ Royal Regiment
The Duke of Lancaster’s Regiment
The Royal Regiment of Fusiliers
The Royal Anglian Regiment
The Yorkshire Regiment
The Mercian Regiment
The Royal Welsh
The Royal Irish Regiment
The Royal Gurkha Rifles
The Rifles
The Royal Logistics Corps
The Royal Army Medical Corps
The Royal Army Veterinary Corps
The Royal Yeomanry
The Royal Wessex Yeomanry
The Scottish and North Irish Yeomanry
The London Regiment
Court & City Yeomanry Association
In-Pensioners of the Royal Hospital Chelsea
The Turkish Air Force Band plays Marche Mustafa Kemal Atatürk by Fazıl Çağlayan
Followed by: Descendants of those whose ancestors were involved in the Gallipoli campaign and others who march past the Cenotaph every year to commemorate Anzac Day.
The Salt Lake City and County Building, usually called the "City-County Building", is the seat of government for Salt Lake City, Utah. The historic landmark formerly housed offices for Salt Lake County government as well, hence the name.
The building was originally constructed by free masons between 1891 and 1894 to house offices for the city and county of Salt Lake and replace the Salt Lake City Council Hall and Salt Lake County Courthouse, both erected in the 1860s.
Construction of the building was riddled with controversy. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries the City and County Building was the symbol of non-Mormon citizens' open defiance of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. It was designed to rival the Salt Lake Temple as the city's architectural centerpiece. It is even thought that the building's clock tower and statues were designed to mimic the temple's spires and statue of the angel Moroni. Ironically, the building was originally the 1880s brainchild of the Church-backed "People's Party." When the non-Mormon "Liberal Party" was campaigning for city government, they deemed the proposed "joint building" an example of the Church's extravagance and wastefulness. In a reversal of stance, the Liberals decided to go ahead with the building when they finally gained power in 1890. Construction began in February on State Street at about 100 South.
For nebulous reasons, construction was halted that November after only the foundation had been laid. The mostly non-Mormon city council questioned the buildings plans which had been completed during the People's Party reign, and wavered on how to proceed. The Deseret News complained that the Liberals were wasting taxpayer money. Ultimately, the original plans and site for the building were scrapped and the whole project was moved to the building's current location at Washington Square. The Deseret News claimed this move served the City Council, which owned property around the site and would profit from increased land values. Nonetheless construction on new plans began by late 1891. The cornerstone was laid July 25, 1892. Mormon president Wilford Woodruff's journals reported his attendance at the building's dedication on Dec, 28 1894.
The architectural firm of Monheim, Bird, and Proudfoot designed the Richardsonian Romanesque building (Olpin et al., 2005). Henry Monheim (a local architect since the 1870s), George Washington Bird (1854-1950; from Wichita, Kansas and William Thomas Proudfoot (1860-1928; also of Wichita) established the firm in 1891 specifically to design the building. Their firm won a building design contest against fourteen other submissions. However, The Salt Lake Herald—another LDS-backed paper—claimed that the competition was a "pretentious fraud." Monheim, a Prussian immigrant, died one year into construction. Bird and Proudfoot moved to Philadelphia and Chicago respectively by 1896, so the City-County Building was their firm's only output.
The building was monstrously over budget. Estimated by the firm at $350,000, the winning contractor bid $377,978, but by the building's dedication on December 28, 1894, it had cost nearly $900,000. Complicating matters was the Panic of 1893 which cut Salt Lake City and County revenues nearly in half. As a result of this, plans for large stained glass windows for the building were discarded.
Although now used exclusively by Salt Lake City government, the building originally served many functions. Salt Lake County offices called the structure home until the 1980s when the County elected to build a new complex at 2100 South and State Street.
The building served as Utah's Capitol from when statehood was granted in 1896 until the present Utah State Capitol was completed in 1915. The Salt Lake City and County building also housed Salt Lake's first public library and contained courtrooms, including one that condemned organizer Joe Hill to death amid international attention in 1914.
At the conclusion of a few years of exhaustive renovation and remodeling of the building, and with an eye toward historical accuracy, the building was reopened in 1989. This was done in concert with a seismic upgrade called base isolation that placed the weak sandstone structure on a foundation of steel and rubber to better protect it from earthquake damage.
In March of 2020, the building was shuttered after a 5.7-magnitude earthquake that shook the Wasatch Front. However, thanks to the base isolation invested in decades ago, the repairs needed were minimal. The building was reopened to the public in November of 2021.
The Salt Lake City and County Building's central clock tower is topped with a statue of Columbia and rises 256 feet (78 m) from the ground. The building's primary axis runs north-south, and large entrances mark each cardinal direction. On the south wing (over the Mayor's office) is a bronze statue of the goddess Justice. Originally, the building had statues depicting Commerce, Liberty, Justice, and Columbia, but the others were removed following a 1934 earthquake. Columbia and the other missing statues were replaced on top of the building when it was renovated in 1989.
The building's surface is elaborately carved from the gray Utah Kyune sandstone it's made of. To the right of the entrance on the south side is the face of Father DeSmet, a Jesuit priest who preached to Native Americans and had contact with the Latter-day Saints before and after they traveled to Utah. To the left is the Spanish conquistador García López de Cárdenas who explored Southern Utah by 1540. Above the granite columns on the east and west sides of the building are carvings of pioneer women. Between the portal and balcony are portraits of Chief Joseph and Chief Wakara and Jim Bridger. Above the west entrance left-to-right are R. N. Baskin, mayor of Salt Lake City in 1892-1895, Jedediah M. Grant, Salt Lake's first mayor in 1851-1857, and Jacob B. Blair Salt Lake County's probate judge in 1892-1895. The north side features a depiction of the Domínguez–Escalante expedition which entered Utah in 1776 and named many of the state's physical features. Gargoyles, eagles, sea monsters, beehives, Masonic icons, suns, and other symbols dot the building's rich exterior.
Walter Baird and Oswald Lendi carved most of the building's features. Lendi, a French sculptor, whimsically carved his face between the words "City" and "Hall" above the north entrance.
The building has five floors and over one hundred rooms. Onyx lines the hall of each lavishly decorated floor. The third floor houses the mayor's office in the south wing and the city council chambers in the north. The council meeting room features an 1865 life-sized portrait of Brigham Young. Portraits of the city's past mayors up to and including Ross "Rocky" Anderson line the corridor between these offices. The third floor features an exhibit commemorating the 2002 Winter Olympics held in Salt Lake City.
Around the time of the 2002 Salt Lake Olympics, and for a limited time, an electric display depicting the Olympic rings was allowed to be displayed on four sides of the central tower of the City and County building. The Olympic display has since been removed from the building.
The City-County Building sits between State Street, Second East, Fourth South, and Fifth South in Salt Lake City, a block called "Washington Square." Named for George Washington, the block is the site of the original 1847 Mormon pioneers' camp in Salt Lake City.
Salt Lake City, often shortened to Salt Lake or SLC, is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Utah. It is the seat of Salt Lake County, the most populous county in the state. The city is the core of the Salt Lake City Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), which had a population of 1,257,936 at the 2020 census. Salt Lake City is further situated within a larger metropolis known as the Salt Lake City–Ogden–Provo Combined Statistical Area, a corridor of contiguous urban and suburban development stretched along a 120-mile (190 km) segment of the Wasatch Front, comprising a population of 2,746,164 (as of 2021 estimates), making it the 22nd largest in the nation. With a population of 200,133 in 2020, it is the 117th most populous city in the United States. It is also the central core of the larger of only two major urban areas located within the Great Basin (the other being Reno, Nevada).
Salt Lake City was founded on July 24, 1847, by early pioneer settlers led by Brigham Young who were seeking to escape persecution they had experienced while living farther east. The Mormon pioneers, as they would come to be known, entered a semi-arid valley and immediately began planning and building an extensive irrigation network which could feed the population and foster future growth. Salt Lake City's street grid system is based on a standard compass grid plan, with the southeast corner of Temple Square (the area containing the Salt Lake Temple in downtown Salt Lake City) serving as the origin of the Salt Lake meridian. Owing to its proximity to the Great Salt Lake, the city was originally named Great Salt Lake City. In 1868, the word "Great" was dropped from the city's name. Immigration of international members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), mining booms, and the construction of the first transcontinental railroad brought economic growth, and the city was nicknamed "The Crossroads of the West". It was traversed by the Lincoln Highway, the first transcontinental highway, in 1913. Two major cross-country freeways, I-15 and I-80, now intersect in the city. The city also has a belt route, I-215.
Salt Lake City has developed a strong tourist industry based primarily on skiing, outdoor recreation, and religious tourism. It hosted the 2002 Winter Olympics and is a candidate city for the 2030 Winter Olympics. It is known for its politically liberal culture, which stands in contrast with most of the rest of the state's highly conservative leanings. It is home to a significant LGBT community and hosts the annual Utah Pride Festival. It is the industrial banking center of the United States. Salt Lake City and the surrounding area are also the location of several institutions of higher education including the state's flagship research school, the University of Utah.
Sustained drought in Utah has recently strained Salt Lake City's water security, caused the Great Salt Lake level to drop to record low levels, and has impacted the local and state economy. The receding lake has exposed arsenic which may become airborne, exposing area residents to poisonous dust. The city is also under threat of major earthquake damage amplified by two offshoots of the nearby Wasatch Fault that join underneath the downtown area.
Originally, the Salt Lake Valley was inhabited by the Shoshone, Paiute, Goshute and Ute Native American tribes. At the time of the founding of Salt Lake City the valley was within the territory of the Northwestern Shoshone, who had their seasonal camps along streams within the valley and in adjacent valleys. One of the local Shoshone tribes, the Western Goshute tribe, referred to the Great Salt Lake as Pi'a-pa, meaning "big water", or Ti'tsa-pa, meaning "bad water". The land was treated by the United States as public domain; no aboriginal title by the Northwestern Shoshone was ever recognized by the United States or extinguished by treaty with the United States. Father Silvestre Vélez de Escalante, a Spanish Franciscan missionary is considered the first European explorer in the area in 1776, but only came as far north as Utah valley (Provo), some 60 miles south of the Salt Lake City area. The first US visitor to see the Salt Lake area was Jim Bridger in 1824. U.S. Army officer John C. Frémont surveyed the Great Salt Lake and the Salt Lake Valley in 1843 and 1845. The Donner Party, a group of ill-fated pioneers, traveled through the Great Salt Lake Valley a year before the Mormon pioneers. This group had spent weeks traversing difficult terrain and brush, cutting a road through the Wasatch Mountains, coming through Emigration canyon into the Salt Lake Valley on August 12, 1846. This same path would be used by the vanguard company of Mormon pioneers, and for many years after that by those following them to Salt Lake.
On July 24, 1847, 143 men, three women and two children founded Great Salt Lake City several miles to the east of the Great Salt Lake, nestled in the northernmost reaches of the Salt Lake Valley. The first two in this company to enter the Salt Lake valley were Orson Pratt and Erastus Snow. These members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ("LDS Church") sought to establish an autonomous religious community and were the first people of European descent to permanently settle in the area now known as Utah. Thousands of Mormon pioneers would arrive in Salt Lake in the coming months and years.
Brigham Young led the Saints west after the death of Joseph Smith. Upon arrival to the Salt Lake valley, Young had a vision by saying, "It is enough. This is the right place. Drive on." (This is commonly shortened to, "This is the place"). There is a state park in Salt Lake City known as This Is The Place Heritage Park commemorating the spot where Young made the famous statement.
Settlers buried thirty-six Native Americans in one grave after an outbreak of measles occurred during the winter of 1847.
Salt Lake City was originally settled by Latter-day Saint Pioneers to be the New Zion according to church President and leader Brigham Young. Young originally governed both the territory and church by a High council which enacted the original municipal orders in 1848. This system was later replaced with a city council and mayor style government.
After a very difficult winter and a miraculous crop retrieval, in which Pioneers reported to have been saved from cricket infestation by seagulls (see Miracle of the Gulls), the "Desert Blossomed as the Rose" in the Salt Lake Valley. Early Pioneers survived by maintaining a very tight-knit community. Under Young's leadership Pioneers worked out a system of communal crop sharing within the various ward houses established throughout the Salt Lake Valley.
The California Gold Rush brought many people through the city on their way to seek fortunes. Salt Lake, which was at the cross-roads of the westward trek, became a vital trading point for speculators and prospectors traveling through. They came with goods from the East, such as clothing and other manufactured items, trading with the local farmers for fresh livestock and crops.
The Congress organized the Utah Territory out of the "State of Deseret" in 1850, and a few months later on January 6, 1851, the city was formally organized as "The City of the Great Salt Lake". Originally, Fillmore, Utah was the territorial capital, but in 1856 it was moved to Salt Lake City, where it has stayed ever since.
In 1855 Congress directed the President of the United States to appoint a surveyor general for Utah Territory, and to cause that the lands of that territory should be surveyed preparatory to bringing them on the market. Certain sections were to be reserved for the benefit of schools and a university in the territory. The surveyor general arrived in Utah in July of the same year to begin surveying. He established the initial point for his survey (base line and meridian) at the southeast corner of the Temple Block, and from there extended that survey over 2 million acres. Because of numerous conflicts between the surveyor and the territorial government the first surveyor general abandoned his post in 1857. His successors recommended that no additional land be surveyed. Conflict between the federal and territorial governments kept the issue on hold until 1868, and in the meantime, large sections of the territory were transferred to neighboring territories and states. Again in 1868, Congress directed the President to appoint a surveyor general in the Utah Territory, to establish a land office in Salt Lake City, and to extend the federal land laws over the same. The land office opened 9 March 1869.
In 1857, when the Mormon practice of polygamy came to national awareness, President James Buchanan responded to public outcry by sending an army of 2500 soldiers, called the Utah Expedition, to investigate the LDS Church and install a non-LDS governor to replace Brigham Young. In response, Brigham Young imposed martial law, sending the Utah militia to harass the soldiers, a conflict called the Utah War. Young eventually surrendered to federal control when the new territorial governor, Alfred Cumming, arrived in Salt Lake City on April 12, 1858. Most troops pulled out at the beginning of the American Civil War.
In order to secure the road to California during the Civil War, more troops arrived under the command of Colonel Patrick Edward Connor in 1862. They settled in the Fort Douglas area east of the city. Thoroughly anti-LDS, Connor viewed the people with disdain, calling them, "a community of traitors, murderers, fanatics, and whores." To dilute their influence he worked with non-LDS business and bank owners, and also encouraged mining. In 1863 some of his troops discovered rich veins of gold and silver in the Wasatch Mountains.
In 1866, Thomas Coleman, a Black Mormon man, was murdered, and his body was left on Capitol Hill with an anti-miscegenation warning attached to his body. In 1883, Sam Joe Harvey, another Black man, was lynched for allegedly shooting a police officer, and his body was dragged down State Street.
In 1868 Brigham Young founded the Zion's Co-operative Mercantile Institution (ZCMI) as a way to ward off dependency on outside goods and arguably to hinder ex-LDS retailers. Although ZCMI is sometimes credited with being the nation's first department store, a decade earlier New York City's "Marble Palace" and Macy's vied for that title.
Change was inevitable. The world started to come to Salt Lake City in 1869 with the completion of the First Transcontinental Railroad at Promontory Summit, north of the city. By 1870 Salt Lake had been linked to it via the Utah Central Rail Road. People began to pour into Salt Lake seeking opportunities in mining and other industries.
City government was dominated by the People's Party until 1890. The non-national People's Party was an LDS-controlled political organization, and each of the early mayors of Salt Lake City was LDS. Sparks often flew between LDS city government and non-LDS federal authorities stationed just outside Salt Lake. A dramatic example occurred in 1874 when city police were arrested by US Marshals, who took control of the national election being held in Salt Lake City. Mayor Daniel H. Wells, a member of the LDS Church First Presidency, declared martial law from the balcony of the Old Salt Lake City Hall. Federal troops arrested the mayor, but he was soon released.
In the 1880s, the anti-polygamy Edmunds-Tucker Act systematically denied many prominent LDS Church members the right to vote or hold office. Polygamists were detained in a Federal prison just outside Salt Lake in the Sugar House area. Consequentially, the non-LDS Liberal Party took control of City government in the 1890 election. Three years later the Liberal Party and People's Party dissolved into national parties anticipating Utah statehood, but both LDS and non-LDS leaders would govern Salt Lake City from that point onward.
The city became Utah's state capital on January 4, 1896, when Utah entered the union upon President Grover Cleveland's decree after the LDS Church agreed to ban polygamy in 1890.
In 1907, Salt Lake City was home to Industrial Workers of the World Industrial Union No. 202.
The city adopted a non-partisan city council in 1911. As LDS/non-LDS tensions eased people began to work together for the common good, improving roads, utilities and public healthcare.
The Great Depression hit Salt Lake City especially hard. At its peak, the unemployment rate reached 61,500 people, about 36%. The annual per capita income in 1932 was $276, half of what it was in 1929, $537 annually. Jobs were scarce. Although boosted by federal New Deal programs as well as The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, the economy did not fully recover until World War II.
After suffering through the depression Salt Lake's economy was boosted during World War II due to the influx of defense industries to the Wasatch Front. Demands for raw materials increased Utah's mining industry, and several military installations such as Fort Douglas and Hill Air Force Base were added.
After the Second World War, Salt Lake City grew rapidly. It began to suffer some of the same problems other cities face. Urban sprawl became a growing problem due to a combination of rapid growth and an abundance of available land. Military and aerospace also became dominant industries.
Salt Lake began its bid for the Winter Olympics as early as the 1930s, when the Utah Ski Club tried to bring the games to the valley. At the time, however, the Summer Olympic host city had the option of hosting the winter games, and all attempts failed. Salt Lake tried again throughout the decades until 1995, when the International Olympic Committee announced Salt Lake City as the site of the 2002 Winter Olympics.
After 132 years in business, ZCMI was sold to the May Department Stores Company in 1999. Remaining ZCMI stores, including one in downtown Salt Lake City, were converted into Meier & Frank stores, although the facade still reads "1868 ZCMI 1999".
In April 1999, the Salt Lake City council voted 5 to 2 along LDS membership lines to sell to the LDS Church the segment of Main Street that lay between Temple Square and the LDS Church office buildings for $8.1 million. The Church planned to build a large plaza on the land as well as a parking structure below. There was much public outcry about the sale of public lands to a private organization, but a Church representative assured residents that the plaza would be a "little bit of Paris", a characterization that would be used against the LDS Church later. Concerns also lay in plans to ban such activities as demonstrations, skateboarding, sunbathing, smoking, and other activities it considered "vulgar". The Utah ACLU believed that these restrictions were incompatible with the pedestrian easement that the city retained over the plaza. ACLU attorneys claimed this made the plaza into a public free speech forum. Nonetheless, the property was sold to become the Main Street Plaza. After the Utah District Court ruled against the ACLU, they were vindicated by the 10th Circuit Court in the Fall of 2002. Scrambling to satisfy residents, Rocky Anderson offered a plan for "time and place" restrictions on speech as suggested by the court. However, the LDS Church held firm to get the easement rescinded. Although The Salt Lake Tribune backed the mayor's initial plan, the city council disliked it. In its place, Anderson offered to waive the easement in exchange for west side property from the LDS Church to build a community and a commitment of donations for it. All parties agreed to the arrangement, and the Main Street Plaza is now wholly owned by the LDS Church. Some suppose Anderson's compromise was an effort to strengthen his 2003 re-election campaign among Latter-day Saints and west side residents. Both groups tended to have less favorable impressions of the former mayor.
The games opened with the 1980 US hockey team lighting the torch and President George W. Bush officially opening the games at the Rice-Eccles Stadium set designed by Seven Nielsen. Closing ceremonies were also held at that venue.
Controversy erupted when in the first week the pairs figure skating competition resulted in the French judge's scores being thrown out and the Canadian team of Jamie Salé and David Pelletier being awarded a second gold medal. Athletes in short-track speed skating and cross-country skiing were disqualified for various reasons as well (including doping), leading Russia and South Korea to file protests and threaten to withdraw from competition.
Heightened fear of terrorism following the September 11 attacks turned out to be unfounded, and the games proved safe.
The 2002 games ended with a dazzling closing ceremony, including bands such as Bon Jovi and KISS (who shared the stage with figure skater Katarina Witt).
Most of the 2,500 athletes paraded into Rice-Eccles Stadium, watching from the stands. Bobsledding bronze medalist Brian Shimer carried the American flag. Russia and South Korean both threatened to boycott the ceremony to protest what they felt was unfair judging, but showed up anyway.
Many improvements were made to the area's infrastructure. $1.59 billion were spent on highway improvements, including improvements of Interstate 15 through the city and new interchanges near Park City. A light rail system was constructed from downtown to the suburb of Sandy and later to the University of Utah.
The Athlete's Village is now student housing at the University of Utah. Many venues in and around the city still stand even after the games.
Many hotels, motels and restaurants were built for the games and still exist today.
Salt Lake City still somewhat struggles with its identity, trying to strike a balance between capitol of a major religion and modern secular metropolis. While founded by Mormons, the city is increasingly dominated by non-members, with its LDS population falling steeply and steadily since the 1990s. Considerable changes are being made to alter the downtown in adjustment to the phenomenal growth of the area. In the early 2010s, the LDS Church purchased the Crossroads and ZCMI malls and rebuilt them into the City Creek Center, which is connected by walkways, and with new high density residential and commercial buildings nearby. The commuter rail FrontRunner is in place along the northern Wasatch Front, with extensions planned for the southern portion of the region. Light rail extensions to the Trax system are ongoing to provide service to the western and southern parts of the valley, as well as to Salt Lake City International Airport. The controversial Legacy Highway has one segment completed (the Legacy Parkway), with the construction of the early phase of the next segment (the Mountain View Corridor) completed through the west side of the Salt Lake Valley.
Utah is a landlocked state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It borders Colorado to its east, Wyoming to its northeast, Idaho to its north, Arizona to its south, and Nevada to its west. Utah also touches a corner of New Mexico in the southeast. Of the fifty U.S. states, Utah is the 13th-largest by area; with a population over three million, it is the 30th-most-populous and 11th-least-densely populated. Urban development is mostly concentrated in two areas: the Wasatch Front in the north-central part of the state, which is home to roughly two-thirds of the population and includes the capital city, Salt Lake City; and Washington County in the southwest, with more than 180,000 residents. Most of the western half of Utah lies in the Great Basin.
Utah has been inhabited for thousands of years by various indigenous groups such as the ancient Puebloans, Navajo, and Ute. The Spanish were the first Europeans to arrive in the mid-16th century, though the region's difficult geography and harsh climate made it a peripheral part of New Spain and later Mexico. Even while it was Mexican territory, many of Utah's earliest settlers were American, particularly Mormons fleeing marginalization and persecution from the United States via the Mormon Trail. Following the Mexican–American War in 1848, the region was annexed by the U.S., becoming part of the Utah Territory, which included what is now Colorado and Nevada. Disputes between the dominant Mormon community and the federal government delayed Utah's admission as a state; only after the outlawing of polygamy was it admitted in 1896 as the 45th.
People from Utah are known as Utahns. Slightly over half of all Utahns are Mormons, the vast majority of whom are members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), which has its world headquarters in Salt Lake City; Utah is the only state where a majority of the population belongs to a single church. A 2023 paper challenged this perception (claiming only 42% of Utahns are Mormons) however most statistics still show a majority of Utah residents belong to the LDS church; estimates from the LDS church suggests 60.68% of Utah's population belongs to the church whilst some sources put the number as high as 68%. The paper replied that membership count done by the LDS Church is too high for several reasons. The LDS Church greatly influences Utahn culture, politics, and daily life, though since the 1990s the state has become more religiously diverse as well as secular.
Utah has a highly diversified economy, with major sectors including transportation, education, information technology and research, government services, mining, multi-level marketing, and tourism. Utah has been one of the fastest growing states since 2000, with the 2020 U.S. census confirming the fastest population growth in the nation since 2010. St. George was the fastest-growing metropolitan area in the United States from 2000 to 2005. Utah ranks among the overall best states in metrics such as healthcare, governance, education, and infrastructure. It has the 12th-highest median average income and the least income inequality of any U.S. state. Over time and influenced by climate change, droughts in Utah have been increasing in frequency and severity, putting a further strain on Utah's water security and impacting the state's economy.
The History of Utah is an examination of the human history and social activity within the state of Utah located in the western United States.
Archaeological evidence dates the earliest habitation of humans in Utah to about 10,000 to 12,000 years ago. Paleolithic people lived near the Great Basin's swamps and marshes, which had an abundance of fish, birds, and small game animals. Big game, including bison, mammoths and ground sloths, also were attracted to these water sources. Over the centuries, the mega-fauna died, this population was replaced by the Desert Archaic people, who sheltered in caves near the Great Salt Lake. Relying more on gathering than the previous Utah residents, their diet was mainly composed of cattails and other salt tolerant plants such as pickleweed, burro weed and sedge. Red meat appears to have been more of a luxury, although these people used nets and the atlatl to hunt water fowl, ducks, small animals and antelope. Artifacts include nets woven with plant fibers and rabbit skin, woven sandals, gaming sticks, and animal figures made from split-twigs. About 3,500 years ago, lake levels rose and the population of Desert Archaic people appears to have dramatically decreased. The Great Basin may have been almost unoccupied for 1,000 years.
The Fremont culture, named from sites near the Fremont River in Utah, lived in what is now north and western Utah and parts of Nevada, Idaho and Colorado from approximately 600 to 1300 AD. These people lived in areas close to water sources that had been previously occupied by the Desert Archaic people, and may have had some relationship with them. However, their use of new technologies define them as a distinct people. Fremont technologies include:
use of the bow and arrow while hunting,
building pithouse shelters,
growing maize and probably beans and squash,
building above ground granaries of adobe or stone,
creating and decorating low-fired pottery ware,
producing art, including jewelry and rock art such as petroglyphs and pictographs.
The ancient Puebloan culture, also known as the Anasazi, occupied territory adjacent to the Fremont. The ancestral Puebloan culture centered on the present-day Four Corners area of the Southwest United States, including the San Juan River region of Utah. Archaeologists debate when this distinct culture emerged, but cultural development seems to date from about the common era, about 500 years before the Fremont appeared. It is generally accepted that the cultural peak of these people was around the 1200 CE. Ancient Puebloan culture is known for well constructed pithouses and more elaborate adobe and masonry dwellings. They were excellent craftsmen, producing turquoise jewelry and fine pottery. The Puebloan culture was based on agriculture, and the people created and cultivated fields of maize, beans, and squash and domesticated turkeys. They designed and produced elaborate field terracing and irrigation systems. They also built structures, some known as kivas, apparently designed solely for cultural and religious rituals.
These two later cultures were roughly contemporaneous, and appear to have established trading relationships. They also shared enough cultural traits that archaeologists believe the cultures may have common roots in the early American Southwest. However, each remained culturally distinct throughout most of their existence. These two well established cultures appear to have been severely impacted by climatic change and perhaps by the incursion of new people in about 1200 CE. Over the next two centuries, the Fremont and ancient Pueblo people may have moved into the American southwest, finding new homes and farmlands in the river drainages of Arizona, New Mexico and northern Mexico.
In about 1200, Shoshonean speaking peoples entered Utah territory from the west. They may have originated in southern California and moved into the desert environment due to population pressure along the coast. They were an upland people with a hunting and gathering lifestyle utilizing roots and seeds, including the pinyon nut. They were also skillful fishermen, created pottery and raised some crops. When they first arrived in Utah, they lived as small family groups with little tribal organization. Four main Shoshonean peoples inhabited Utah country. The Shoshone in the north and northeast, the Gosiutes in the northwest, the Utes in the central and eastern parts of the region and the Southern Paiutes in the southwest. Initially, there seems to have been very little conflict between these groups.
In the early 16th century, the San Juan River basin in Utah's southeast also saw a new people, the Díne or Navajo, part of a greater group of plains Athabaskan speakers moved into the Southwest from the Great Plains. In addition to the Navajo, this language group contained people that were later known as Apaches, including the Lipan, Jicarilla, and Mescalero Apaches.
Athabaskans were a hunting people who initially followed the bison, and were identified in 16th-century Spanish accounts as "dog nomads". The Athabaskans expanded their range throughout the 17th century, occupying areas the Pueblo peoples had abandoned during prior centuries. The Spanish first specifically mention the "Apachu de Nabajo" (Navaho) in the 1620s, referring to the people in the Chama valley region east of the San Juan River, and north west of Santa Fe. By the 1640s, the term Navaho was applied to these same people. Although the Navajo newcomers established a generally peaceful trading and cultural exchange with the some modern Pueblo peoples to the south, they experienced intermittent warfare with the Shoshonean peoples, particularly the Utes in eastern Utah and western Colorado.
At the time of European expansion, beginning with Spanish explorers traveling from Mexico, five distinct native peoples occupied territory within the Utah area: the Northern Shoshone, the Goshute, the Ute, the Paiute and the Navajo.
The Spanish explorer Francisco Vázquez de Coronado may have crossed into what is now southern Utah in 1540, when he was seeking the legendary Cíbola.
A group led by two Spanish Catholic priests—sometimes called the Domínguez–Escalante expedition—left Santa Fe in 1776, hoping to find a route to the California coast. The expedition traveled as far north as Utah Lake and encountered the native residents. All of what is now Utah was claimed by the Spanish Empire from the 1500s to 1821 as part of New Spain (later as the province Alta California); and subsequently claimed by Mexico from 1821 to 1848. However, Spain and Mexico had little permanent presence in, or control of, the region.
Fur trappers (also known as mountain men) including Jim Bridger, explored some regions of Utah in the early 19th century. The city of Provo was named for one such man, Étienne Provost, who visited the area in 1825. The city of Ogden, Utah is named for a brigade leader of the Hudson's Bay Company, Peter Skene Ogden who trapped in the Weber Valley. In 1846, a year before the arrival of members from the Church of Jesus Christ of latter-day Saints, the ill-fated Donner Party crossed through the Salt Lake valley late in the season, deciding not to stay the winter there but to continue forward to California, and beyond.
Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, commonly known as Mormon pioneers, first came to the Salt Lake Valley on July 24, 1847. At the time, the U.S. had already captured the Mexican territories of Alta California and New Mexico in the Mexican–American War and planned to keep them, but those territories, including the future state of Utah, officially became United States territory upon the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, February 2, 1848. The treaty was ratified by the United States Senate on March 10, 1848.
Upon arrival in the Salt Lake Valley, the Mormon pioneers found no permanent settlement of Indians. Other areas along the Wasatch Range were occupied at the time of settlement by the Northwestern Shoshone and adjacent areas by other bands of Shoshone such as the Gosiute. The Northwestern Shoshone lived in the valleys on the eastern shore of Great Salt Lake and in adjacent mountain valleys. Some years after arriving in the Salt Lake Valley Mormons, who went on to colonize many other areas of what is now Utah, were petitioned by Indians for recompense for land taken. The response of Heber C. Kimball, first counselor to Brigham Young, was that the land belonged to "our Father in Heaven and we expect to plow and plant it." A 1945 Supreme Court decision found that the land had been treated by the United States as public domain; no aboriginal title by the Northwestern Shoshone had been recognized by the United States or extinguished by treaty with the United States.
Upon arriving in the Salt Lake Valley, the Mormons had to make a place to live. They created irrigation systems, laid out farms, built houses, churches, and schools. Access to water was crucially important. Almost immediately, Brigham Young set out to identify and claim additional community sites. While it was difficult to find large areas in the Great Basin where water sources were dependable and growing seasons long enough to raise vitally important subsistence crops, satellite communities began to be formed.
Shortly after the first company arrived in the Salt Lake Valley in 1847, the community of Bountiful was settled to the north. In 1848, settlers moved into lands purchased from trapper Miles Goodyear in present-day Ogden. In 1849, Tooele and Provo were founded. Also that year, at the invitation of Ute chief Wakara, settlers moved into the Sanpete Valley in central Utah to establish the community of Manti. Fillmore, Utah, intended to be the capital of the new territory, was established in 1851. In 1855, missionary efforts aimed at western native cultures led to outposts in Fort Lemhi, Idaho, Las Vegas, Nevada and Elk Mountain in east-central Utah.
The experiences of returning members of the Mormon Battalion were also important in establishing new communities. On their journey west, the Mormon soldiers had identified dependable rivers and fertile river valleys in Colorado, Arizona and southern California. In addition, as the men traveled to rejoin their families in the Salt Lake Valley, they moved through southern Nevada and the eastern segments of southern Utah. Jefferson Hunt, a senior Mormon officer of the Battalion, actively searched for settlement sites, minerals, and other resources. His report encouraged 1851 settlement efforts in Iron County, near present-day Cedar City. These southern explorations eventually led to Mormon settlements in St. George, Utah, Las Vegas and San Bernardino, California, as well as communities in southern Arizona.
Prior to establishment of the Oregon and California trails and Mormon settlement, Indians native to the Salt Lake Valley and adjacent areas lived by hunting buffalo and other game, but also gathered grass seed from the bountiful grass of the area as well as roots such as those of the Indian Camas. By the time of settlement, indeed before 1840, the buffalo were gone from the valley, but hunting by settlers and grazing of cattle severely impacted the Indians in the area, and as settlement expanded into nearby river valleys and oases, indigenous tribes experienced increasing difficulty in gathering sufficient food. Brigham Young's counsel was to feed the hungry tribes, and that was done, but it was often not enough. These tensions formed the background to the Bear River massacre committed by California Militia stationed in Salt Lake City during the Civil War. The site of the massacre is just inside Preston, Idaho, but was generally thought to be within Utah at the time.
Statehood was petitioned for in 1849-50 using the name Deseret. The proposed State of Deseret would have been quite large, encompassing all of what is now Utah, and portions of Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, Wyoming, Arizona, Oregon, New Mexico and California. The name of Deseret was favored by the LDS leader Brigham Young as a symbol of industry and was derived from a reference in the Book of Mormon. The petition was rejected by Congress and Utah did not become a state until 1896, following the Utah Constitutional Convention of 1895.
In 1850, the Utah Territory was created with the Compromise of 1850, and Fillmore (named after President Fillmore) was designated the capital. In 1856, Salt Lake City replaced Fillmore as the territorial capital.
The first group of pioneers brought African slaves with them, making Utah the only place in the western United States to have African slavery. Three slaves, Green Flake, Hark Lay, and Oscar Crosby, came west with this first group in 1847. The settlers also began to purchase Indian slaves in the well-established Indian slave trade, as well as enslaving Indian prisoners of war. In 1850, 26 slaves were counted in Salt Lake County. Slavery didn't become officially recognized until 1852, when the Act in Relation to Service and the Act for the relief of Indian Slaves and Prisoners were passed. Slavery was repealed on June 19, 1862, when Congress prohibited slavery in all US territories.
Disputes between the Mormon inhabitants and the federal government intensified after the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints' practice of polygamy became known. The polygamous practices of the Mormons, which were made public in 1854, would be one of the major reasons Utah was denied statehood until almost 50 years after the Mormons had entered the area.
After news of their polygamous practices spread, the members of the LDS Church were quickly viewed by some as un-American and rebellious. In 1857, after news of a possible rebellion spread, President James Buchanan sent troops on the Utah expedition to quell the growing unrest and to replace Brigham Young as territorial governor with Alfred Cumming. The expedition was also known as the Utah War.
As fear of invasion grew, Mormon settlers had convinced some Paiute Indians to aid in a Mormon-led attack on 120 immigrants from Arkansas under the guise of Indian aggression. The murder of these settlers became known as the Mountain Meadows massacre. The Mormon leadership had adopted a defensive posture that led to a ban on the selling of grain to outsiders in preparation for an impending war. This chafed pioneers traveling through the region, who were unable to purchase badly needed supplies. A disagreement between some of the Arkansas pioneers and the Mormons in Cedar City led to the secret planning of the massacre by a few Mormon leaders in the area. Some scholars debate the involvement of Brigham Young. Only one man, John D. Lee, was ever convicted of the murders, and he was executed at the massacre site.
Express riders had brought the news 1,000 miles from the Missouri River settlements to Salt Lake City within about two weeks of the army's beginning to march west. Fearing the worst as 2,500 troops (roughly 1/3rd of the army then) led by General Albert Sidney Johnston started west, Brigham Young ordered all residents of Salt Lake City and neighboring communities to prepare their homes for burning and evacuate southward to Utah Valley and southern Utah. Young also sent out a few units of the Nauvoo Legion (numbering roughly 8,000–10,000), to delay the army's advance. The majority he sent into the mountains to prepare defenses or south to prepare for a scorched earth retreat. Although some army wagon supply trains were captured and burned and herds of army horses and cattle run off no serious fighting occurred. Starting late and short on supplies, the United States Army camped during the bitter winter of 1857–58 near a burned out Fort Bridger in Wyoming. Through the negotiations between emissary Thomas L. Kane, Young, Cumming and Johnston, control of Utah territory was peacefully transferred to Cumming, who entered an eerily vacant Salt Lake City in the spring of 1858. By agreement with Young, Johnston established the army at Fort Floyd 40 miles away from Salt Lake City, to the southwest.
Salt Lake City was the last link of the First Transcontinental Telegraph, between Carson City, Nevada and Omaha, Nebraska completed in October 1861. Brigham Young, who had helped expedite construction, was among the first to send a message, along with Abraham Lincoln and other officials. Soon after the telegraph line was completed, the Deseret Telegraph Company built the Deseret line connecting the settlements in the territory with Salt Lake City and, by extension, the rest of the United States.
Because of the American Civil War, federal troops were pulled out of Utah Territory (and their fort auctioned off), leaving the territorial government in federal hands without army backing until General Patrick E. Connor arrived with the 3rd Regiment of California Volunteers in 1862. While in Utah, Connor and his troops soon became discontent with this assignment wanting to head to Virginia where the "real" fighting and glory was occurring. Connor established Fort Douglas just three miles (5 km) east of Salt Lake City and encouraged his bored and often idle soldiers to go out and explore for mineral deposits to bring more non-Mormons into the state. Minerals were discovered in Tooele County, and some miners began to come to the territory. Conner also solved the Shoshone Indian problem in Cache Valley Utah by luring the Shoshone into a midwinter confrontation on January 29, 1863. The armed conflict quickly turned into a rout, discipline among the soldiers broke down, and the Battle of Bear River is today usually referred to by historians as the Bear River Massacre. Between 200 and 400 Shoshone men, women and children were killed, as were 27 soldiers, with over 50 more soldiers wounded or suffering from frostbite.
Beginning in 1865, Utah's Black Hawk War developed into the deadliest conflict in the territory's history. Chief Antonga Black Hawk died in 1870, but fights continued to break out until additional federal troops were sent in to suppress the Ghost Dance of 1872. The war is unique among Indian Wars because it was a three-way conflict, with mounted Timpanogos Utes led by Antonga Black Hawk fighting federal and Utah local militia.
On May 10, 1869, the First transcontinental railroad was completed at Promontory Summit, north of the Great Salt Lake. The railroad brought increasing numbers of people into the state, and several influential businessmen made fortunes in the territory.
Main article: Latter Day Saint polygamy in the late-19th century
During the 1870s and 1880s, federal laws were passed and federal marshals assigned to enforce the laws against polygamy. In the 1890 Manifesto, the LDS Church leadership dropped its approval of polygamy citing divine revelation. When Utah applied for statehood again in 1895, it was accepted. Statehood was officially granted on January 4, 1896.
The Mormon issue made the situation for women the topic of nationwide controversy. In 1870 the Utah Territory, controlled by Mormons, gave women the right to vote. However, in 1887, Congress disenfranchised Utah women with the Edmunds–Tucker Act. In 1867–96, eastern activists promoted women's suffrage in Utah as an experiment, and as a way to eliminate polygamy. They were Presbyterians and other Protestants convinced that Mormonism was a non-Christian cult that grossly mistreated women. The Mormons promoted woman suffrage to counter the negative image of downtrodden Mormon women. With the 1890 Manifesto clearing the way for statehood, in 1895 Utah adopted a constitution restoring the right of women's suffrage. Congress admitted Utah as a state with that constitution in 1896.
Though less numerous than other intermountain states at the time, several lynching murders for alleged misdeeds occurred in Utah territory at the hand of vigilantes. Those documented include the following, with their ethnicity or national origin noted in parentheses if it was provided in the source:
William Torrington in Carson City (then a part of Utah territory), 1859
Thomas Coleman (Black man) in Salt Lake City, 1866
3 unidentified men at Wahsatch, winter of 1868
A Black man in Uintah, 1869
Charles A. Benson in Logan, 1873
Ah Sing (Chinese man) in Corinne, 1874
Thomas Forrest in St. George, 1880
William Harvey (Black man) in Salt Lake City, 1883
John Murphy in Park City, 1883
George Segal (Japanese man) in Ogden, 1884
Joseph Fisher in Eureka, 1886
Robert Marshall (Black man) in Castle Gate, 1925
Other lynchings in Utah territory include multiple instances of mass murder of Native American children, women, and men by White settlers including the Battle Creek massacre (1849), Provo River Massacre (1850), Nephi massacre (1853), and Circleville Massacre (1866).
Beginning in the early 20th century, with the establishment of such national parks as Bryce Canyon National Park and Zion National Park, Utah began to become known for its natural beauty. Southern Utah became a popular filming spot for arid, rugged scenes, and such natural landmarks as Delicate Arch and "the Mittens" of Monument Valley are instantly recognizable to most national residents. During the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, with the construction of the Interstate highway system, accessibility to the southern scenic areas was made easier.
Beginning in 1939, with the establishment of Alta Ski Area, Utah has become world-renowned for its skiing. The dry, powdery snow of the Wasatch Range is considered some of the best skiing in the world. Salt Lake City won the bid for the 2002 Winter Olympics in 1995, and this has served as a great boost to the economy. The ski resorts have increased in popularity, and many of the Olympic venues scattered across the Wasatch Front continue to be used for sporting events. This also spurred the development of the light-rail system in the Salt Lake Valley, known as TRAX, and the re-construction of the freeway system around the city.
During the late 20th century, the state grew quickly. In the 1970s, growth was phenomenal in the suburbs. Sandy was one of the fastest-growing cities in the country at that time, and West Valley City is the state's 2nd most populous city. Today, many areas of Utah are seeing phenomenal growth. Northern Davis, southern and western Salt Lake, Summit, eastern Tooele, Utah, Wasatch, and Washington counties are all growing very quickly. Transportation and urbanization are major issues in politics as development consumes agricultural land and wilderness areas.
In 2012, the State of Utah passed the Utah Transfer of Public Lands Act in an attempt to gain control over a substantial portion of federal land in the state from the federal government, based on language in the Utah Enabling Act of 1894. The State does not intend to use force or assert control by limiting access in an attempt to control the disputed lands, but does intend to use a multi-step process of education, negotiation, legislation, and if necessary, litigation as part of its multi-year effort to gain state or private control over the lands after 2014.
Utah families, like most Americans everywhere, did their utmost to assist in the war effort. Tires, meat, butter, sugar, fats, oils, coffee, shoes, boots, gasoline, canned fruits, vegetables, and soups were rationed on a national basis. The school day was shortened and bus routes were reduced to limit the number of resources used stateside and increase what could be sent to soldiers.
Geneva Steel was built to increase the steel production for America during World War II. President Franklin D. Roosevelt had proposed opening a steel mill in Utah in 1936, but the idea was shelved after a couple of months. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States entered the war and the steel plant was put into progress. In April 1944, Geneva shipped its first order, which consisted of over 600 tons of steel plate. Geneva Steel also brought thousands of job opportunities to Utah. The positions were hard to fill as many of Utah's men were overseas fighting. Women began working, filling 25 percent of the jobs.
As a result of Utah's and Geneva Steels contribution during the war, several Liberty Ships were named in honor of Utah including the USS Joseph Smith, USS Brigham Young, USS Provo, and the USS Peter Skene Ogden.
One of the sectors of the beachhead of Normandy Landings was codenamed Utah Beach, and the amphibious landings at the beach were undertaken by United States Army troops.
It is estimated that 1,450 soldiers from Utah were killed in the war.
This attractive terracotta building was completed in 1891 as the Leeds and County Liberal Club to the designs of local architects Chorley and Connon. Previously known as Quebec House, it was owned in the 1970s by Norwich Union and later became known as National Employers House. Since 2001 the building has been Quebecs, a boutique hotel of 45 rooms. It is listed Grade II.
My brother, Oscar, was just awarded the Ralph Cheyney and Lucia Trent Poetry Prize ( best poem of the year) from the Department of English, College of Liberal Arts at Texas State University!!!
This award was for his poem entitled The Available Light.
The Available Light
I work with the “bad” kids,
in the discipline program
downstairs, in a room where they’re not allowed to speak
unless spoken to. They can raise their hands
if they have a question about their schoolwork,
but they seldom do.
They’re out of sight and out of mind, forgotten,
the way we like our criminals in America.
Did I say “criminals”?
I meant children.
Down here, under the rows of dim fluorescent lighting,
one high rectangle of glass
passes for a window.
Our minds drift through the long afternoon,
settling finally on the new green leaves
waving from the topmost branches
of a tree whose trunk is lost to our line of vision.
So. There’s the world outside and then there’s this, here, now,
a mantra to draw me back –
a desk, a classroom, students.
I’m supposed to be a teacher.
For Andrew, who has on a pair of camouflage print shorts,
the ones I told him yesterday not to wear again (against dress code).
He’s testing me and he’s pulled them down to nearly mid-thigh, so his torn
Tommy Hilfiger plaid boxers can show. A fashion statement
I’m too old to appreciate. But I know it boils down to cool.
Andrew is cool, he’s money.
His shirt, a striped polo jersey, the type currently in favor and
worn to create the impression, I suppose, that Andrew might play rugby,
or maybe lacrosse, go sailing? All pursuits
that would require more effort
than Andrew is capable of mustering.
No breakfast I’m sure, Mars Almond Bar for lunch.
He sleeps (against the rules)
head down on his desk. A diamond stud
in his ear, a gift from Mom
who gives him everything
but her time,
now that Dad is gone.
Andrew is no rebel
but the CEO of a failing company of one.
His head tilted to the side now in his dream
as if listening to the one lesson
no one has managed to teach him.
“You will have to make your own way in this world.”
In the home of the bottom line,
no one will pay him
to stay up until 2:00 in the morning,
getting high at his computer screen, listening to Nine Inch Nails
on his iPod, while two Barely Legal Coeds
he’s paid for with his mom’s credit card
have sex with men twice their age.
He’s learned to see women
as holes to fill,
but his particular emptiness, his need
seems endless, tireless, wearing him down.
And as he sleeps, that diamond in his ear
catches what little available light there is,
an icy beacon within the dark galaxy
that Andrew spins in silently,
his head, his home,
this particular prison,
his “education”.
We don’t teach love here.
Chances are, Andrew will remain
“just another fucked up kid”,
since that’s how he sees himself.
He told me so.
It’s easy to see we’re failing, Andrew and I.
The homework assignment is yours.
The answers to the hard questions
always have to do with forgiveness,
with grace, letting more light in.
With finding the trunk of that tree,
just outside this room,
where the roots sink into the ground.
Some place that could begin to reach
and teach Andrew
that he’s worth saving.
~ Oscar Houck~
I live in the electorate of Bass. Someone, quite appropriately, thought it would look better as 'ASS' on this campaign truck for the local Liberal candidate.
Liberal Arts & Policy Building at University of Baltimore along North Charles between Preston and Biddle Street in Baltimore MD on Monday morning, 14 August 2023 by Elvert Barnes Photography
Elvert Barnes 2023 Public Art In Public Spaces at elvertxbarnes.com/publicart
Walk to Enoch Pratt Library Central / Baltimore MD
Elvert Barnes August 2023 at elvertxbarnes.com/2023
Morning Joe | Follow us | #Today on #MSNBC's #Morning #Joe #NBCUniversal #NYC #NewYorkCity #MSN #News #Politics #MikaBrzezinski #JoeScarborough #vsco #MorningJoe #Mojoe #Canon #Nikon #Travel #American #Congress #30Rock #30Rockefeller #Manhattan #OnSet #Republican #Democrat #Liberal #Conservative #NewsPaper #DC #RobertCosta
Glistening in early morning light, the restored 1911 Rock Island station in Liberal, KS is now used by the Chamber of Commerce.
Catalogue number: spa.ga.pp.4.em.2021.1
The 2021 Scottish Elections were held on 6th May 2021.
The Scottish Political Archive is housed at the University of Stirling. The archive is home to the oral interviews, personal papers and associated material from prominent Scottish politicians. For further information about the work of the archive please visit our website www.scottishpoliticalarchive.org.uk
Video Mapping Philipp Geist_Ano da Alemanha no Brasil - Cristo Redentor 2014
„VideoInstallation by Philipp Geist“, "Philipp Geist", „Copyright 2014 Philipp Geist / VG Bildkunst 2014", www.videogeist.de, mail@videogeist.de, „Rio de Janeiro“, "Santa Marta“, „Cristo Redentor“, „Dona Marta“, „Deutschland + Brasilien 2013-2014“, “Alemanha + Brasil 2013-2014”
Photo by Fred Pacífico
©2014 Philipp Geist / VG BIldkunst Bonn
Rio de Janeiro / Brazil 2014
Christ statue (Cristo Redentor) – May 12
Dona Marta favela – May 15 and 16,2014
Light Art-Video-Mapping-Installations Philipp Geist in Rio de Janeiro / Brazil 2014
on the Christ statue (Cristo Redentor) - May 12 and in the Dona Marta favela - May 15 and 16,
2014
Installation Philipp Geist Year of Germany in Brazil 2013/2014
Concept Time Drifts May 2014
At the end of the Year of Germany in Brazil 2013/2014, the artist Philipp Geist (Berlin, 1976)
develops two light installations in Rio this year; the first one on the world-famous Christ statue
(Cristo Redentor) and the other installation in the Santa Marta favela. For the installation the
artist presents artistic-liberal and poetic German and Brazilian themes and develops a building
and floor light installation of colored words and phrases in Portuguese, German, and in other
international languages. The installation deals with cultural characteristics and achievements of
both countries and visualizes the issues of time and space, volatility and presence in a free
artistic style. The two projects are in fact a double project which is combined. The installation
on the symbol of Rio and Brazil, the Christ statue, is recorded and projected onto the small
buildings and huts of the favela. The Christ statue, which has been built to protect the city and
the sailors, is symbolically projected on the shantytown, the favela, in a protective way. The
installation in the favela will be seen not only on a facade as a large cinema projection or as a
static image, but on several winding buildings, the roofs, the floor and on the steps. Thus, the
visitor becomes a part of the installation and can immerse into the projection and the light and
introduce himself. Chalk crayons are put out on the streets in the favela and the young and old
residents and visitors can write and paint words on the street, the ground, the stairs or even on
the house walls. The residents and several institutions should be addressed to submit words and
associations dealing with Rio, Brazil and Germany.
For the installation, which was shown at the Luminale in 2012, the artist Philipp Geist won the
German Lighting Design Award 2013 (Deutscher Lichtdesign-Preis 2013) in the category Light Art.
The series 'Time Drifts' is characterized by the complex and subtle way of visualizing various
currents and voices in cultural contexts and to provide institutions and visitors with the
opportunity of substantive participation: different personalities, visitors and institutions may be
addressed in advance and then contribute words and associations. Current and historico-cultural
topics are researched in advance by the artist and then integrated in a sensitive and subtle way.
The projection dismisses the use of screens, because concepts and associations are projected on
a large area onto the floor surface on several facades and in theater fog. Over the course of two
days, the installation can be seen on-site in the favela on May 15 and 16 and on the Cristo
Redentor on May 12 for a day.
Short, tall, young and old visitors can interactively participate in the installation by tracing and
adding words with colored chalk crayons available on the streets. Thus, over the period of the
installation, a carpet of words is evolved with terms that are contributed locally by the visitors
by means of the temporary and volatile 'medium' of chalk crayons. Philipp Geist develops in this
way a dialogue between the place, the visitors and his artistic work.
The concrete, tangible projection of the architecture and the static terms on the floor area
represents the facts and visible relics that are responsible for our understanding of history. The
transparent and volatile projection in the fog reminds us that part of the history can not be
preserved and that it is created in our individual imagination in a single moment. Words are
briefly visible as a metaphor for transience and then disappear again. This interplay of the
various text and image layers in the space refers to the location and the history/-ies of Brazil
and Germany and the cultural exchange between the two countries. The visitors themselves are
part of the installation: they dive into the large floor projection. In this way, different
perspectives and experiences of space are unified. Abstract passages which are created, then
overlapped and displaced by each other symbolize the constant changes in history, the passage
of time and the transience of existence. Even the understanding of the past is in the flux. The
modern writings and formations created on the computer establish a connection to the present
and the possibilities of today's technology and show that the perception of history and culture
depends always on the possibilities and constraints of the present.
'Time Drifts - Words of Berlin' is part of a series of installations, which has been shown in recent
years by Philipp Geist, and which are always re-developed site-specifically and adapted to the
local conditions: In October 2012, Philipp Geist showed the installation on the entire Potsdamer
Platz (public square) and the Kolhoff Tower and Renzo Piano Tower skyscrapers. In April 2012
the installation was shown at the Luminale in Frankfurt where it was seen by more than 40,000
visitors and thus the main project of the Luminale 2012. In 2011, Philipp Geist presented the
'Time Drifts' installation in Vancouver at the Jack Poole Plaza, as well as in Montreal on the
Place des Arts in 2010. The 'Timing' installation was shown at the 2009 Glow Festival in
Eindhoven. In the end of 2009, on the occasion of the birthday of the King of Thailand, 2-3
million visitors saw his facade installation at the royal throne in Bangkok. Other projects
include: 'Timelines' at the prestigious Pallazzio delle Esposizioni (Rome, 2007), 'Time Fades'
at the Cultural Forum of Berlin and 'Broken Time Lines' at the old spa Kurhaus Ahrenshoop
(Germany, 2008).
Geist's projects are primarily characterized by their complexity concerning the integration of
space, sound and motion images. His video mapping installations waive screens and transform a
wide range of architectures in moving, picturesque light sculptures which challenge the viewer's
perception of two- and three-dimensionality.
www.alemanha-brasil.org/br/node/8542
www.alemanha-brasil.org/Programme/Dia/2014-05-12
www.alemanha-brasil.org/Programme/Dia/2014-05-15
www.alemanha-brasil.org/Programme/Dia/2014-05-16
---------------
Arte de luz - Instalações de Mapeamento de Vídeo por Philipp Geist no Rio de Janeiro / Brasil
2014 no Cristo Redentor no dia 12 de maio e na favela Santa Marta nos dias 15 e 16 de maio de
2014
Instalação Philipp Geist Ano Alemanha + Brasil 2013/2014
Conceito Time Drifts Maio 2014
No final do ano Alemnaha + Brasil 2013/2014, o artista Philipp Geist (1976, Berlim) desenvolverá
duas instalações de luz no Rio; uma delas será exibida na mundialmente famosa estátua do
Cristo Redentor, e a outra na favela Santa Marta. Para a instalação, o artista traz temas teutobrasileiros
de maneira liberal-artística e poética desenvolvendo instalações de luz em edifícios e
no solo a partir de palavras e conceitos coloridos em Português, Alemão e em outros idiomas
internacionais. A instalação lida com as peculiaridades e realizações culturais de ambos os países
e visualiza as questões de tempo e espaço e de volatilidade e presença no estilo liberal-artístico.
Os dois projetos em questão representam um projeto duplo que é combinado. A instalação na
estátua do Cristo Redentor, como um símbolo do Rio e do Brasil, será gravada e projetada nos
pequenos prédios e barracos da favela. A estátua do Cristo Redentor, que foi erguida para
proteger a cidade e os marinheiros, será então projetada como um símbolo de proteção em uma
favela. A instalação na favela é visto não apenas em uma fachada como uma projeção grande de
cinema ou como uma imagem estática, mas em vários prédios sinuosos, em telhados, no solo e
nas escadas. Desta maneira, o visitante conseguirá ser parte da instalação e imergir e mergulhar
na projeção e na luz. Na favela, será distribuído giz para pintura de rua, e os moradores e
visitantes, tanto jovens quanto velhos, podem escrever e pintar conceitos na rua, no solo, nas
escadas ou até mesmo nas paredes das casas. Os moradores e diversas instituições serão
convidados a contribuir com conceitos e associações que representam o Rio, o Brasil e a
Alemanha.
Para as instalações apresentadas na Luminal em 2012, o artista Philipp Geist ganhou o
'Deutscher Lichtdesign-Preis 2013” (Prêmio Alemão de Desenho de Luz de 2013) na categoria
Arte de Luz. A série Time Drifts caracteriza-se pela forma complexa e sutil de visualizar várias
correntes e vozes em contextos culturais e de oferecer a instituições e aos visitantes a
oportunidade de participar: diferentes personalidades, visitantes e instituições podem ser
contatados antecipadamente para contribuir com termos e associações. Temas atuais, históricos
e culturais serão previamente pesquisados pelo artista e, depois, integrados de uma forma
sensível e sutil. A projeção é realizada sem o uso de telas porque conceitos e associações são
projetados, em grande estilo, sobre a superfície do solo, em diversas frentes e envolvidos em
fumaça. Ao longo de dois dias, a instalação estará em exibição em 15 e 16 de maio na favela, e
em 12 de maio, por um dia, no Cristo Redentor.
Visitantes jovens e velhos podem envolver-se na instalação e traçar ou adicionar palavras com
giz colorido, que será distribuído, e assim participar interativamente na instalação. Desta
maneira, durante a duração da instalação, será desenvolvido um tapete de palavras. As palavras
serão fornecidas, no próprio local, pelos visitantes usando o giz, um meio temporário e volátil.
Philipp Geist desenvolve assim um diálogo entre o local, os visitantes e seu trabalho artístico.
A área de projeção concreta e tangível da arquitetura e os termos estáticos sobre a superfície do
solo representam os fatos e as relíquias visíveis que compõem a nossa compreensão da história. A
área de projeção transparente e sumindo por dentro da fumaça lembra que parte da história não
pode ser preservada e que ela é criada na nossa imaginação individual momentaneamente.
Conceitos são brevemente visíveis, como uma metáfora para a transitoriedade e, logo mais,
desaparecem. Esta interação entre as várias camadas de texto e de imagens no espaço refere-se
à localização e a(s) história(s) do Brasil e da Alemanha e o intercâmbio cultural entre os dois
países. Os próprios visitantes tornam-se parte da instalação: eles imergem na grande projeção
do solo. Desta forma, diferentes perspectivas e experiências de espaço são unidas. Passagens
abstratas que são formadas, sobrepostas e suprimidas pela próxima simbolizam as mudanças
contínuas na história, a passagem do tempo e a transitoriedade da existência. A compreensão do
passado também está no fluxo. As fontes e formações modernas criadas no computador
estabelecem uma conexão com o presente e com as possibilidades da tecnologia de hoje: a
percepção da história e da cultura sempre dependende das capacidades e limitações do
presente.
'Time Drifts - Words of Berlin' faz parte de uma série de instalações, que foram apresentadas
durante os últimos anos por Philipp Geist e que são sempre redesenvolvidas para as condições
locais específicas: em outubro de 2012, Philipp Geist exibiu a instalação em toda a praça
Potsdamer Platz (Berlim) e nos dois arranha-céus Kolhoff Tower (Berlim) e Renzo Piano Tower
(Londres). Em abril de 2012, a instalação foi apresentada no evento da Luminal em Frankfurt
onde foi vista por mais de 40.000 visitantes sendo o principal projeto da Luminal de 2012. Em
2011, Philipp Geist mostrou a instalação Time Drifts na praça Jack Poole Plaza em Vancouver
bem como em Montreal, Canadá, no centro de arte Place des Arts, em 2010. A instalação Timing
foi exibida no Glow Festival de 2009 in Eindhoven, Holanda. No final de 2009 e por ocasião do
aniversário do rei tailandês, aprox. 2 a 3 milhões de visitantes viram a instalação de fachada do
artista no trono real em Banguecoque. Seus outros projetos incluem: Time Lines, no prestigiado
museu Palazzio delle Esposizioni (Roma, 2007); Time Fades, no Fórum Cultural de Berlim;
Broken Time Lines, no antigo spa Kurhaus Ahrenshoop (Alemanha, 2008).
Os projetos de Geist são principalmente caracterizados por sua complexidade na integração de
espaço, som e imagens de movimento. Suas instalações de mapeamento de vídeo renunciam
telas e transformam uma ampla gama de arquiteturas em esculturas móveis e pitorescas que
desafiam a percepção do espectador de duas e três dimensões.
www.alemanha-brasil.org/br/node/8542
www.alemanha-brasil.org/Programme/Dia/2014-05-12
www.alemanha-brasil.org/Programme/Dia/2014-05-15
www.alemanha-brasil.org/Programme/Dia/2014-05-16
---------------
Lichtkunst-VideoMappingInstallationen Philipp Geist in Rio de Janeiro / Brasilien 2014
an der Christstatue (Cristo Redender) 12.5 und in der Favela Santa Marta 15./16.5.2014
Installation Philipp Geist Deutsch-Brasilianisches Jahr 2013/2014
Konzept Time Drifts Mai 2014
Zum Abschluss des Deutsch-Brasilianischen-Jahres 2013/2014 entwickelt der Berliner Künstler
Philipp Geist (1976) zwei Lichtinstallation in Rio d.J.; eine an der weltbekannten Christstatue
(Cristo Redender) und in die andere Installation in der Favela Santa Marta. Bei der Installation
greift der Künstler künstlerisch frei und poetisch deutsch brasilianische Themen auf und
entwickelt eine Gebäude- und Boden-Lichtinstallation aus farbigen Wörtern und Begriffen in
portugiesischer, deutscher, und in weiteren internationalen Sprachen. Die Installation thematisiert
kulturelle Besonderheiten und Errungenschaften beider Länder und visualisiert die Themen Zeit
und Raum, Flüchtigkeit und Präsenz in freien künstlerischen Art. Bei den beiden Projekten handelt
es sich um ein Doppelprojekt welches kombiniert wird. Die Installation auf das Wahrzeichen von
Rio und Brasilien die Christstatue, wird aufgenommen und auf die kleinen Gebäude und Hütten
der Favela projiziert. Die Christstatue die errichtet worden ist um die Stadt und Seeleute zu
schützen, wird so symbolisch schützend über ein Armenviertel die Favela projiziert. Dabei ist die
Installation in der Favela nicht nur auf einer Fassade als große Kinoprojektion oder als statisches
Bild zu sehen, sondern auf mehreren verwinkelten Gebäuden, den Dächern, den Boden und auf
den Stufen. Der Besucher wird vielmehr auf diese Weise selbst Teil der Installation und kann in die
Projektion und das Licht eintauchen und sich einbringen. In der Favela werden Strassenmalkreide
ausgelegt und die Bewohner und Besucher ob jung oder alt können Begriffe auf die Strasse, den
Boden, die Treppenstufen oder sogar auf die Hauswände schreiben und malen. Die Bewohner und
verschiedene Institutionen sollen angesprochen werden Assoziationen und Begriffe die für Rio,
Brasilien und Deutschland stehen einzureichen.
Für die 2012 bei der Luminale gezeigten Installation hat der Künstler Philipp Geist den Deutschen
Lichtdesign-Preis 2013 in der der Kategorie Lichtkunst gewonnen. Die Serie 'Time Drifts' zeichnet
sich aus durch die komplexe und die subtile Möglichkeit, verschiedenste Strömungen und
Stimmen in kulturellen Kontexten sichtbar zu machen und Institutionen und Besuchern die
Möglichkeit zur inhaltlichen Partizipation zu geben: Es können verschiedene Persönlichkeiten,
Besucher und Institute im Vorfeld angesprochen werden, die Begriffe und Assoziationen
beisteuern. Aktuelle und kulturhistorische Themen werden im Vorfeld vom Künstler recherchiert
und auf sensible und subtile Weise integriert. Die Projektion verzichtet auf den Einsatz von
Leinwänden, denn Begriffe und Assoziationen werden grossflächig auf die Bodenfläche, auf
mehrere Fassaden und in Theaternebel projiziert. Über den Zeitraum von 2 Tagen wird die
Installation vor Ort in der Favela am 15/16.Mai und die Installation am Cristo Redentor am 12.Mai
für einen Tag zu sehen sein.!
Kleine, große, junge und alte Besucher können sich einbringen in die Installation und mit farbiger
Straßenmalkreide, die ausgelegt wird, Wörter nachzeichnen und hinzufügen und so interaktiv an
der Installation teilnehmen. Über die Installationsdauer entsteht somit ein Wörterteppich aus
Begriffen, die vor Ort von den Besuchern selbst mittels dem temporären und flüchtigen 'Medium'
der Strassenmalkreide beigesteuert werden. Geist entwickelt auf diese Weise einen Dialog
zwischen dem Ort, den Besuchern und seiner künstlerischen Arbeit. ! !
Die konkrete, greifbare Projektionsfläche der Architektur und die statischen Begriffe auf der
Bodenfläche stehen für die Fakten und sichtbaren Relikte, welche unser Geschichtsverständnis
ausmachen. Die transparente, sich verflüchtigende Projektionsfläche im Nebel erinnert daran,
dass ein Teil der Geschichte nicht konserviert werden kann und im Moment in unserer individuellen
Vorstellung entsteht. Begriffe werden als Metapher für die Vergänglichkeit kurzzeitig sichtbar und
verschwinden sofort wieder. Dieses Zusammenspiel der verschiedenen Text- und Bildschichten im
Raum verweist auf den Ort und die Geschichte(n) Brasiliens und Deutschlands und den kulturellen
Austausch beider Länder. Die Besucher selbst werden Teil der Installation: sie tauchen in die
großflächige Bodenprojektion ein. Auf diese Weise vereinen sich unterschiedliche Perspektiven
und Raumerfahrungen. Abstrakte Passagen, die sich aufbauen, überlagern und gegenseitig
verdrängen, symbolisieren die ständigen Veränderungen in der Geschichte, den Lauf der Zeit und
die Flüchtigkeit des Seins. Auch das Verständnis von der Vergangenheit ist im Fluss. Die
modernen Schriften und Formationen, die am Computer entstanden sind, stellen eine Verbindung
zur Gegenwart und den Möglichkeiten der heutigen Technik her und zeigen, dass die Erfahrbarkeit
von Geschichte und Kultur immer von den Möglichkeiten und Rahmenbedingungen der Gegenwart
abhängig ist.
'Time Drifts - Words of Berlin' ist Teil einer Serie von Installationen, die Philipp Geist in den letzten
Jahren gezeigt hat, und die dabei immer wieder neu an die örtlichen Gegebenheiten ortsspezifisch
weiterentwickelt wird: Im Oktober 2012 zeigte Geist die Installation auf dem gesamten Potsdamer
Platz und den beiden Hochhäusern Kolhoff Tower und Renzo Piano Tower. Im April 2012 wurde die
Installation in Frankfurt auf der Luminale gezeigt, wurde von mehr als 40.000 Besuchern gesehen
und war das Hauptprojekt der Luminale 2012. Im Jahr 2011 zeigte Geist die Installation Time Drifts
in Vancouver am Jack-Poole Plaza, ebenso wie in Montreal am Place des Arts in 2010. Die
Installation 'Timing' war 2009 auf dem Glow Festival in Eindhoven zu sehen. Ende 2009 sahen
anlässlich des Geburtstages des thailändischen Königs ca. 2-3 Millionen Besucher seine
Fassadeninstallation am königlichen Thron in Bangkok. Andere Projekte waren u.a.: 'Time Lines'
am renommierten Museum delle Esposizioni (2007), 'Time Fades' am Berliner Kulturforum,
'Broken Time Lines' am alten Kurhaus Ahrenshoop (2008).
Geists Projekte sind in erster Linie gekennzeichnet durch ihre Komplexität in der Integration von
Raum, Ton und Bewegbild. Seine Video-Mapping-Installationen verzichten auf Leinwände und
verwandeln verschiedenste Architekturen in bewegte, malerische Lichtskulpturen, die die
Wahrnehmung der Betrachter von Zwei- und Dreidimensionalität herausfordern.
She's enjoying "hiatus" now. [MARCH 28 amendment: she was let go by Fox today...for doing exactly what she was hired to do in the first place. Seems unfair somehow.]
The Tariff Reform League (TRL) was a British trade protectionist movement founded in July 1903 to advocate protection for British jobs and promote tighter trade cooperation within the British Empire. In doing so, the TRL sought to impose preferential tariffs against the import of foreign goods, especially from newly industrial countries such as Germany and the USA. At the same time the TRL promoted preferential trading with countries of the British Empire who would be excluded from the import tariffs and developed as an Empire-wide trading bloc.
Against the backdrop of trade recession, high unemployment and the rising economic powers of Germany and the USA, the TRL movement was organised by a breakaway faction within the Conservative Party under the leadership of Joseph Chamberlain. There was much popular support for the TRL and it remained at the centre of Edwardian politics in Britain. However, the TRL was strongly opposed by the Liberals and the opposing faction within the Conservative party who were in favour of open free trade with all countries. The main argument against TRL’s policies was based on the premise that import tariffs would lead to higher food prices, especially with regards to imported grain and emotionally labelling them as a ‘bread tax’. The issue had also split the Conservatives who set up the Unionist Free Food League as a counterweight to the TRL.
The TRL was staunchly supportive of protectionism and free trade within the British Empire but to succeed, it needed more national appeal. Arguments were put forward at rallies to convince the working classes of it’s merits and how it would contribute to their greater prosperity. At the same time the trade unions would need to be convinced and taken on board. Henry Page-Croft was instrumental in driving this and in giving the TRL a much broader class appeal that contributed to it’s success as a political movement.
The Liberals won a landslide electoral victory over the Conservatives in 1906 but despite this, Chamberlain and Croft continued to advocate for tariff reform. After 1910, the TRL suffered continual decline as funding decreased and the political will to drive the movement no longer had popular support. A general trade recovery made the issue seem less relevant to the public and interest waned as employment improved. Other political events had overtaken tariff reform as the burning issue, such as Home Rule for Ireland that proved politically divisive at the time. By the outbreak of WW1 in 1914, the significance of the TRL movement had ceased to be an important political issue and other reforms were affected too (eg; Home Rule shelved). The work of hundreds of TRL local branches throughout the UK was diverted away from tariff reform to helping the war effort by patriotic fund raising and moral-raising amongst the troops. Tariff reform became a dead letter and the TRL quickly dissolved as a political force once the war was over.
In the context of the time, the TRL was one of many tariff reform leagues and in addition, there were other political groups established to oppose them. The progress of WW1 lead to such profound social and political change that the circumstances within which the TRL developed were lost in the past. Despite this, the Conservative continued to cherish the policy of tariff reforms into the 1920’s, but events had overtaken them.
This very rare badge depicts a finely engraved image of the Rt. Hon. Jospeh Chamberlain (1836-1914) and it’s text states TO PROMOTE THE FUTURE SUCCESS OF THE EMPIRE – PROTECTION – RETALIATION being the aims and methods of the TRL. This badge may date to the early years of the TRL, before 1910.
References:
Henry Page-Croft and the crises of British Conservatism by Larry L. Witherell
For Party or Country – Nationalism and the dilemmas of popular Conservatism in Edwardian England by Frans Coetzee
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Chamberlain#Tariff_reform:_C...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Chamberlain (Joseph Chamberlain
Enamels: 3 (red, white & blue).
Finish: Gilt.
Material: Brass.
Fixer: Clip.
Size: 1 1/8” x 1 ¼” (28mm x 32mm).
Process: Die stamped.
Imprint: No maker’s name or mark but text states REG APPL FOR.
Photo reproduced with kind permission of the seller (diggerlee - Lee Burgess)).
Currently for sale on eBay as from 5th August 2015.
Item number 141737345872.
£300 buy it now or make offer.
Recueil de planches, sur les sciences, les arts libéraux, et les arts méchaniques
A Paris :Chez Briasson ... David ... Le Breton ... Durand ...,1762-1772.
Alli Lyon introduces us to yoga, which is more than stretching exercises.
It is also about creating balance in the body through the development of both strength and flexibility. Relax and find your spiritual self.
The Right Honourable Paul Martin received a lot of attention when he first ran for the Liberal party in 1988. Two years later, Paul was running for leader himself - against Jean Chretien. It's safe to say that's pretty much when their feud began. Chretien won, eventually became Prime Minister and surprisingly appointed Martin as his Finance Minister. During his term, Paul was able to eliminate the federal deficit, but by 2002, the rivals could barely co-exist. So Paul Martin resigned - at least publicly. Martin waited Chretien out and eventuially replaced him as leader of the party. In 2004, he won a Liberal minority but his victory was mired by the Sponsorship scandal. He was called Mr. Dithers by The Economist and within 17 months his government was toppled. That ended a 12 year Liberal reign and paved the way to a Conservative minority. Now Paul Martin hopes to set the record straight with his autobiography called "Hell or High Water: My Life In and Out of Politics"
Watch his interview with George here - www.cbc.ca/thehour/videos.html?id=908855334
The Right Honourable Paul Martin received a lot of attention when he first ran for the Liberal party in 1988. Two years later, Paul was running for leader himself - against Jean Chretien. It's safe to say that's pretty much when their feud began. Chretien won, eventually became Prime Minister and surprisingly appointed Martin as his Finance Minister. During his term, Paul was able to eliminate the federal deficit, but by 2002, the rivals could barely co-exist. So Paul Martin resigned - at least publicly. Martin waited Chretien out and eventuially replaced him as leader of the party. In 2004, he won a Liberal minority but his victory was mired by the Sponsorship scandal. He was called Mr. Dithers by The Economist and within 17 months his government was toppled. That ended a 12 year Liberal reign and paved the way to a Conservative minority. Now Paul Martin hopes to set the record straight with his autobiography called "Hell or High Water: My Life In and Out of Politics"
Watch his interview with George here - www.cbc.ca/thehour/videos.html?id=908855334
Llaman a diputados y al presidente municipal electos de Querétaro a sumar esfuerzos por la educación sexual.
· Celebran aprobación de micrositio de educación sexual y reconocen a Alejandra Ledesma como regidora sensible y liberal
· La protección de la salud de las personas debe ser normada por instituciones de salud, con base en criterios científicos, y no regirse por creencias filosóficas o religiosas
“Hago un llamado al Lic. Roberto Loyola presidente municipal electo y a los diputados electos a trabajar en equipo con las organizaciones sociales y las universidades para garantizar educación sexual científica y laica que permita prevenir embarazos a temprana edad, violencia sexual, discriminación e infecciones de transmisión sexual como el vih-sida”. Así lo manifestó el Mtro. Manuel Edmundo Ramos Gutiérrez, presidente de SOS Discriminación Internacional Querétaro, en el Día Mundial de la Población que se conmemora cada 11 de julio, por el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD) desde 1989. Con el fin de tomar consciencia de las temáticas globales demográficas, así como defender el derecho de la ciudadanía para planear sus familias y sus vidas. Para vencer la pobreza, la discriminación y al mismo tiempo mejorar la salud de las madres e hijos, lograr una mayor equidad de género, planear derrotar la muerte materna y
proteger a la juventud.
Al mismo tiempo, el activista queretano celebró que el Cabildo del Municipio de Querétaro haya aprobado la creación de un micrositio de educación sexual y reproductiva, que se incluirá en la página web del ayuntamiento capitalino. Además, reconoció el esfuerzo de Alejandra Ledesma Robles, regidora presidenta de la Comisión de Salud Pública en el Ayuntamiento de Querétaro, para impulsar dicha iniciativa educativa. “Ella es un claro ejemplo de que las y los políticos pueden evolucionar y contribuir a la dignificación de la política demostrando que verdaderamente responden a las necesidades actuales de la población sin prejuicios, ni tabúes originados por la ignorancia y la falta de una cultura de salud sexual en nuestro país. Pues luego de militar en Acción Nacional, un partido político que se ha caracterizado por su conservadurismo, doble moral y oposición al uso del condón. Alejandra Ledesma reafirma su compromiso con la
ciudadanía, al realizar un trabajo sensible y liberal, fundamentado en la ciencia y el Estado Laico, demostrando congruencia para defender la salud y la vida de todas las personas, a través de la educación sexual integral. Espero que muchos políticos puedan seguir su ejemplo”. Puntualizó el activista queretano.
Ramos Gutiérrez, agregó que varias organizaciones sociales en el país han coincidido, en que México se ha estancado en la política de población, pues de acuerdo con un estudio realizado por la Red por los Derechos Sexuales y Reproductivos en México (Ddeser) que fiscalizó el acceso, abasto y uso de métodos anticonceptivos entre 2007 y 2010 en el Distrito Federal, Chiapas, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Morelos, Oaxaca, Tlaxcala, Puebla, Querétaro, Zacatecas y Jalisco documentó casos de desabasto de métodos anticonceptivos, falta de áreas especificas de planificación familiar en centros de salud y desconocimiento por parte de algunos proveedores de servicios para brindar información a las mujeres en dichas entidades. Además, el Consejo Nacional de Población (Conapo) también ha reconocido que aún existen desigualdades en el acceso real a los métodos anticonceptivos por parte de adolescentes, mujeres con menor nivel de escolaridad, de comunidades
rurales o hablantes de lengua indígena, lo que se traduce es un “ejercicio desigual” de los derechos reproductivos entre la población.
Uno de cada cinco nacimientos que ocurren en el país corresponden a madres adolescentes. Y es que a pesar de no desear un embarazo, todavía una de cada cuatro no usa ningún método anticonceptivo por falta de información o porque, de plano, no tiene acceso a éste. Esto que se conoce como demanda insatisfecha asciende a 24.6 por ciento entre las adolescentes de 15 a 19 años, según datos del Conapo, y es justo en este grupo donde la cobertura anticonceptiva se encuentra en los niveles más bajos, al ubicarse en 45 por ciento.
Por ello, el presidente de SOS Discriminación Internacional Querétaro destacó la importancia de que la educación sexual que se llegue a impartir en el Estado deberá ser integral, científica y laica, así como la información que se va a incluir en los contenidos del micrositio de educación sexual que abordará la página web del ayuntamiento capitalino, para garantizar el derecho a la salud y el ejercicio de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos de toda la ciudadanía.
Finalmente, Ramos Gutiérrez coincidió con María Consuelo Mejía Piñeros, Antropóloga con maestría en Estudios Latinoamericanos e investigadora de la UNAM, en que “la obligación del Estado moderno de preservar la libertad de conciencia frente a cualquier amenaza que atente contra ella. Por eso la vigencia del Estado Laico es fundamental para la preservación y consolidación de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos de todas las personas, en tanto derechos humanos. Precisamente, una de las implicaciones directas del carácter laico del Estado es la separación de los ámbitos de competencia: la protección de la salud de las personas debe ser normada por instituciones de salud, con base en criterios científicos, y no regirse por creencias filosóficas o religiosas”.
Nota:
En la fotografía adjunta a este mensaje, aparecen (de izquierda a derecha)
1.- Luis Perelman Javnozon Sexólogo Educador, presidente de la Federación Mexicana de Educación Sexual y Sexología.
2.- Manuel Edmundo Ramos Gutiérrez, presidente de SOS Discriminación Internacional Queretaro
3.- Sexólogo Rubén Carbajal
Síntesis Curricular del Mtro. Manuel Edmundo Ramos Gutiérrez:
Nació el 27 de marzo de 1978, en Querétaro – México., es Licenciado en Periodismo y Comunicación por la Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro. Realizó un Máster en Género, Identidad y Ciudadanía en la Universidad de Huelva, España (ciclo escolar 2007/2008). Desde 1998, trabaja en la promoción y defensa de los Derechos Humanos, así como la perspectiva de género y la educación sexual a través de diversas organizaciones de sociales nacionales e internacionales en México.
Busca contribuir en la construcción de políticas públicas que permitan la eliminación de la desigualdad social, la discriminación, que beneficien a la juventud y la sociedad en su conjunto.
Participo en el área de puntos de información y programa del Festival Mundial de la Juventud , que tuvo su sede en el Forum de Barcelona 2004.
Director de Gestión de Becas Internacionales UNESCO de Vive México, A..C. (en Querétaro), una organización internacional que da la oportunidad a jóvenes mexicanos de conocer mas de 85 países del mundo, su cultura y su gente a través de fomentar su participación en proyectos internacionales y gestionar becas culturales con las cuales los jóvenes viajan con los gastos pagados en el extranjero.
Presidente de SOS Discriminación Internacional – Delegación Querétaro.
Colaborador en el Área de Igualdad del Ayuntamiento de Huelva, España.
Entrevistador y Miembro del Grupo de Investigación del Proyecto: Análisis de la Violencia hacia las Niñas en la Escuela Primaria , en el Departamento de Educación de la Universidad de Huelva, España.
Encuestador del Proyecto Encuesta Social 2008. Hogares y Medio Ambiente. En el Instituto de Estadística de Andalucía y Grupo de Investigación de Estudios Sociales de la Universidad de Huelva, España.
Facilitador del Taller de Masculinidad para las y los trabajadores del Centro de Inserción Sociolaboral VALDOCCO en Huelva, España.
Franklin & Marshall College - Lancaster, PA
I liked how this branch was bending gracefully over the door.
(Color pencils on paper) (BEST VIEWED LARGE)
Serious "Irv" R., who knew a lot! (3 AM, Happy Donuts in Albany, CA., late September 2001.) I conversed with him, often for 4 or more hours, nearly every early AM for years and years as I drew while drinking much espresso...
(A small group of punks associated with the nearby infamous [and globally-influential] music venue at 924 Gilman in Berkeley sometimes gathered here after shows. Their DIY publication "Happy Dog Nuts" referred to this specific 24-hour "Happy Donuts" bakery/coffee shop.)
Please click here to read my autobiography:
thewordsofjdyf333.blogspot.com/
And my Flicker "profile" page may be viewed by clicking on this link:
www.flickr.com/people/jdyf333/
My telephone number is: 510-260-9695
Alli Lyon introduces us to yoga, which is more than stretching exercises.
It is also about creating balance in the body through the development of both strength and flexibility. Relax and find your spiritual self.
Alli Lyon introduces us to yoga, which is more than stretching exercises.
It is also about creating balance in the body through the development of both strength and flexibility. Relax and find your spiritual self.
Eu amo filmes, músicas e livros. E acho que são estas as coisas que tornam a nossa vida mais alegre neste mundo tão caótico e egoísta. *.*
E eu adoro os filmes independentes que nos tocam de uma maneira tão simples e possuem ensinamentos tão legais como o filme liberal arts ,super recomendo :^
Bom fim de semana. ♥
Video Mapping Philipp Geist_Ano da Alemanha no Brasil - Cristo Redentor 2014
Photo by Guido Baumann
©2014 Philipp Geist / VG BIldkunst Bonn
Rio de Janeiro / Brazil 2014
Christ statue (Cristo Redentor) – May 12
Dona Marta favela – May 15 and 16,2014
Light Art-Video-Mapping-Installations Philipp Geist in Rio de Janeiro / Brazil 2014
on the Christ statue (Cristo Redentor) - May 12 and in the Dona Marta favela - May 15 and 16,
2014
Installation Philipp Geist Year of Germany in Brazil 2013/2014
Concept Time Drifts May 2014
At the end of the Year of Germany in Brazil 2013/2014, the artist Philipp Geist (Berlin, 1976)
develops two light installations in Rio this year; the first one on the world-famous Christ statue
(Cristo Redentor) and the other installation in the Santa Marta favela. For the installation the
artist presents artistic-liberal and poetic German and Brazilian themes and develops a building
and floor light installation of colored words and phrases in Portuguese, German, and in other
international languages. The installation deals with cultural characteristics and achievements of
both countries and visualizes the issues of time and space, volatility and presence in a free
artistic style. The two projects are in fact a double project which is combined. The installation
on the symbol of Rio and Brazil, the Christ statue, is recorded and projected onto the small
buildings and huts of the favela. The Christ statue, which has been built to protect the city and
the sailors, is symbolically projected on the shantytown, the favela, in a protective way. The
installation in the favela will be seen not only on a facade as a large cinema projection or as a
static image, but on several winding buildings, the roofs, the floor and on the steps. Thus, the
visitor becomes a part of the installation and can immerse into the projection and the light and
introduce himself. Chalk crayons are put out on the streets in the favela and the young and old
residents and visitors can write and paint words on the street, the ground, the stairs or even on
the house walls. The residents and several institutions should be addressed to submit words and
associations dealing with Rio, Brazil and Germany.
For the installation, which was shown at the Luminale in 2012, the artist Philipp Geist won the
German Lighting Design Award 2013 (Deutscher Lichtdesign-Preis 2013) in the category Light Art.
The series 'Time Drifts' is characterized by the complex and subtle way of visualizing various
currents and voices in cultural contexts and to provide institutions and visitors with the
opportunity of substantive participation: different personalities, visitors and institutions may be
addressed in advance and then contribute words and associations. Current and historico-cultural
topics are researched in advance by the artist and then integrated in a sensitive and subtle way.
The projection dismisses the use of screens, because concepts and associations are projected on
a large area onto the floor surface on several facades and in theater fog. Over the course of two
days, the installation can be seen on-site in the favela on May 15 and 16 and on the Cristo
Redentor on May 12 for a day.
Short, tall, young and old visitors can interactively participate in the installation by tracing and
adding words with colored chalk crayons available on the streets. Thus, over the period of the
installation, a carpet of words is evolved with terms that are contributed locally by the visitors
by means of the temporary and volatile 'medium' of chalk crayons. Philipp Geist develops in this
way a dialogue between the place, the visitors and his artistic work.
The concrete, tangible projection of the architecture and the static terms on the floor area
represents the facts and visible relics that are responsible for our understanding of history. The
transparent and volatile projection in the fog reminds us that part of the history can not be
preserved and that it is created in our individual imagination in a single moment. Words are
briefly visible as a metaphor for transience and then disappear again. This interplay of the
various text and image layers in the space refers to the location and the history/-ies of Brazil
and Germany and the cultural exchange between the two countries. The visitors themselves are
part of the installation: they dive into the large floor projection. In this way, different
perspectives and experiences of space are unified. Abstract passages which are created, then
overlapped and displaced by each other symbolize the constant changes in history, the passage
of time and the transience of existence. Even the understanding of the past is in the flux. The
modern writings and formations created on the computer establish a connection to the present
and the possibilities of today's technology and show that the perception of history and culture
depends always on the possibilities and constraints of the present.
'Time Drifts - Words of Berlin' is part of a series of installations, which has been shown in recent
years by Philipp Geist, and which are always re-developed site-specifically and adapted to the
local conditions: In October 2012, Philipp Geist showed the installation on the entire Potsdamer
Platz (public square) and the Kolhoff Tower and Renzo Piano Tower skyscrapers. In April 2012
the installation was shown at the Luminale in Frankfurt where it was seen by more than 40,000
visitors and thus the main project of the Luminale 2012. In 2011, Philipp Geist presented the
'Time Drifts' installation in Vancouver at the Jack Poole Plaza, as well as in Montreal on the
Place des Arts in 2010. The 'Timing' installation was shown at the 2009 Glow Festival in
Eindhoven. In the end of 2009, on the occasion of the birthday of the King of Thailand, 2-3
million visitors saw his facade installation at the royal throne in Bangkok. Other projects
include: 'Timelines' at the prestigious Pallazzio delle Esposizioni (Rome, 2007), 'Time Fades'
at the Cultural Forum of Berlin and 'Broken Time Lines' at the old spa Kurhaus Ahrenshoop
(Germany, 2008).
Geist's projects are primarily characterized by their complexity concerning the integration of
space, sound and motion images. His video mapping installations waive screens and transform a
wide range of architectures in moving, picturesque light sculptures which challenge the viewer's
perception of two- and three-dimensionality.
www.alemanha-brasil.org/br/node/8542
www.alemanha-brasil.org/Programme/Dia/2014-05-12
www.alemanha-brasil.org/Programme/Dia/2014-05-15
www.alemanha-brasil.org/Programme/Dia/2014-05-16
---------------
Arte de luz - Instalações de Mapeamento de Vídeo por Philipp Geist no Rio de Janeiro / Brasil
2014 no Cristo Redentor no dia 12 de maio e na favela Santa Marta nos dias 15 e 16 de maio de
2014
Instalação Philipp Geist Ano Alemanha + Brasil 2013/2014
Conceito Time Drifts Maio 2014
No final do ano Alemnaha + Brasil 2013/2014, o artista Philipp Geist (1976, Berlim) desenvolverá
duas instalações de luz no Rio; uma delas será exibida na mundialmente famosa estátua do
Cristo Redentor, e a outra na favela Santa Marta. Para a instalação, o artista traz temas teutobrasileiros
de maneira liberal-artística e poética desenvolvendo instalações de luz em edifícios e
no solo a partir de palavras e conceitos coloridos em Português, Alemão e em outros idiomas
internacionais. A instalação lida com as peculiaridades e realizações culturais de ambos os países
e visualiza as questões de tempo e espaço e de volatilidade e presença no estilo liberal-artístico.
Os dois projetos em questão representam um projeto duplo que é combinado. A instalação na
estátua do Cristo Redentor, como um símbolo do Rio e do Brasil, será gravada e projetada nos
pequenos prédios e barracos da favela. A estátua do Cristo Redentor, que foi erguida para
proteger a cidade e os marinheiros, será então projetada como um símbolo de proteção em uma
favela. A instalação na favela é visto não apenas em uma fachada como uma projeção grande de
cinema ou como uma imagem estática, mas em vários prédios sinuosos, em telhados, no solo e
nas escadas. Desta maneira, o visitante conseguirá ser parte da instalação e imergir e mergulhar
na projeção e na luz. Na favela, será distribuído giz para pintura de rua, e os moradores e
visitantes, tanto jovens quanto velhos, podem escrever e pintar conceitos na rua, no solo, nas
escadas ou até mesmo nas paredes das casas. Os moradores e diversas instituições serão
convidados a contribuir com conceitos e associações que representam o Rio, o Brasil e a
Alemanha.
Para as instalações apresentadas na Luminal em 2012, o artista Philipp Geist ganhou o
'Deutscher Lichtdesign-Preis 2013” (Prêmio Alemão de Desenho de Luz de 2013) na categoria
Arte de Luz. A série Time Drifts caracteriza-se pela forma complexa e sutil de visualizar várias
correntes e vozes em contextos culturais e de oferecer a instituições e aos visitantes a
oportunidade de participar: diferentes personalidades, visitantes e instituições podem ser
contatados antecipadamente para contribuir com termos e associações. Temas atuais, históricos
e culturais serão previamente pesquisados pelo artista e, depois, integrados de uma forma
sensível e sutil. A projeção é realizada sem o uso de telas porque conceitos e associações são
projetados, em grande estilo, sobre a superfície do solo, em diversas frentes e envolvidos em
fumaça. Ao longo de dois dias, a instalação estará em exibição em 15 e 16 de maio na favela, e
em 12 de maio, por um dia, no Cristo Redentor.
Visitantes jovens e velhos podem envolver-se na instalação e traçar ou adicionar palavras com
giz colorido, que será distribuído, e assim participar interativamente na instalação. Desta
maneira, durante a duração da instalação, será desenvolvido um tapete de palavras. As palavras
serão fornecidas, no próprio local, pelos visitantes usando o giz, um meio temporário e volátil.
Philipp Geist desenvolve assim um diálogo entre o local, os visitantes e seu trabalho artístico.
A área de projeção concreta e tangível da arquitetura e os termos estáticos sobre a superfície do
solo representam os fatos e as relíquias visíveis que compõem a nossa compreensão da história. A
área de projeção transparente e sumindo por dentro da fumaça lembra que parte da história não
pode ser preservada e que ela é criada na nossa imaginação individual momentaneamente.
Conceitos são brevemente visíveis, como uma metáfora para a transitoriedade e, logo mais,
desaparecem. Esta interação entre as várias camadas de texto e de imagens no espaço refere-se
à localização e a(s) história(s) do Brasil e da Alemanha e o intercâmbio cultural entre os dois
países. Os próprios visitantes tornam-se parte da instalação: eles imergem na grande projeção
do solo. Desta forma, diferentes perspectivas e experiências de espaço são unidas. Passagens
abstratas que são formadas, sobrepostas e suprimidas pela próxima simbolizam as mudanças
contínuas na história, a passagem do tempo e a transitoriedade da existência. A compreensão do
passado também está no fluxo. As fontes e formações modernas criadas no computador
estabelecem uma conexão com o presente e com as possibilidades da tecnologia de hoje: a
percepção da história e da cultura sempre dependende das capacidades e limitações do
presente.
'Time Drifts - Words of Berlin' faz parte de uma série de instalações, que foram apresentadas
durante os últimos anos por Philipp Geist e que são sempre redesenvolvidas para as condições
locais específicas: em outubro de 2012, Philipp Geist exibiu a instalação em toda a praça
Potsdamer Platz (Berlim) e nos dois arranha-céus Kolhoff Tower (Berlim) e Renzo Piano Tower
(Londres). Em abril de 2012, a instalação foi apresentada no evento da Luminal em Frankfurt
onde foi vista por mais de 40.000 visitantes sendo o principal projeto da Luminal de 2012. Em
2011, Philipp Geist mostrou a instalação Time Drifts na praça Jack Poole Plaza em Vancouver
bem como em Montreal, Canadá, no centro de arte Place des Arts, em 2010. A instalação Timing
foi exibida no Glow Festival de 2009 in Eindhoven, Holanda. No final de 2009 e por ocasião do
aniversário do rei tailandês, aprox. 2 a 3 milhões de visitantes viram a instalação de fachada do
artista no trono real em Banguecoque. Seus outros projetos incluem: Time Lines, no prestigiado
museu Palazzio delle Esposizioni (Roma, 2007); Time Fades, no Fórum Cultural de Berlim;
Broken Time Lines, no antigo spa Kurhaus Ahrenshoop (Alemanha, 2008).
Os projetos de Geist são principalmente caracterizados por sua complexidade na integração de
espaço, som e imagens de movimento. Suas instalações de mapeamento de vídeo renunciam
telas e transformam uma ampla gama de arquiteturas em esculturas móveis e pitorescas que
desafiam a percepção do espectador de duas e três dimensões.
www.alemanha-brasil.org/br/node/8542
www.alemanha-brasil.org/Programme/Dia/2014-05-12
www.alemanha-brasil.org/Programme/Dia/2014-05-15
www.alemanha-brasil.org/Programme/Dia/2014-05-16
---------------
Lichtkunst-VideoMappingInstallationen Philipp Geist in Rio de Janeiro / Brasilien 2014
an der Christstatue (Cristo Redender) 12.5 und in der Favela Santa Marta 15./16.5.2014
Installation Philipp Geist Deutsch-Brasilianisches Jahr 2013/2014
Konzept Time Drifts Mai 2014
Zum Abschluss des Deutsch-Brasilianischen-Jahres 2013/2014 entwickelt der Berliner Künstler
Philipp Geist (1976) zwei Lichtinstallation in Rio d.J.; eine an der weltbekannten Christstatue
(Cristo Redender) und in die andere Installation in der Favela Santa Marta. Bei der Installation
greift der Künstler künstlerisch frei und poetisch deutsch brasilianische Themen auf und
entwickelt eine Gebäude- und Boden-Lichtinstallation aus farbigen Wörtern und Begriffen in
portugiesischer, deutscher, und in weiteren internationalen Sprachen. Die Installation thematisiert
kulturelle Besonderheiten und Errungenschaften beider Länder und visualisiert die Themen Zeit
und Raum, Flüchtigkeit und Präsenz in freien künstlerischen Art. Bei den beiden Projekten handelt
es sich um ein Doppelprojekt welches kombiniert wird. Die Installation auf das Wahrzeichen von
Rio und Brasilien die Christstatue, wird aufgenommen und auf die kleinen Gebäude und Hütten
der Favela projiziert. Die Christstatue die errichtet worden ist um die Stadt und Seeleute zu
schützen, wird so symbolisch schützend über ein Armenviertel die Favela projiziert. Dabei ist die
Installation in der Favela nicht nur auf einer Fassade als große Kinoprojektion oder als statisches
Bild zu sehen, sondern auf mehreren verwinkelten Gebäuden, den Dächern, den Boden und auf
den Stufen. Der Besucher wird vielmehr auf diese Weise selbst Teil der Installation und kann in die
Projektion und das Licht eintauchen und sich einbringen. In der Favela werden Strassenmalkreide
ausgelegt und die Bewohner und Besucher ob jung oder alt können Begriffe auf die Strasse, den
Boden, die Treppenstufen oder sogar auf die Hauswände schreiben und malen. Die Bewohner und
verschiedene Institutionen sollen angesprochen werden Assoziationen und Begriffe die für Rio,
Brasilien und Deutschland stehen einzureichen.
Für die 2012 bei der Luminale gezeigten Installation hat der Künstler Philipp Geist den Deutschen
Lichtdesign-Preis 2013 in der der Kategorie Lichtkunst gewonnen. Die Serie 'Time Drifts' zeichnet
sich aus durch die komplexe und die subtile Möglichkeit, verschiedenste Strömungen und
Stimmen in kulturellen Kontexten sichtbar zu machen und Institutionen und Besuchern die
Möglichkeit zur inhaltlichen Partizipation zu geben: Es können verschiedene Persönlichkeiten,
Besucher und Institute im Vorfeld angesprochen werden, die Begriffe und Assoziationen
beisteuern. Aktuelle und kulturhistorische Themen werden im Vorfeld vom Künstler recherchiert
und auf sensible und subtile Weise integriert. Die Projektion verzichtet auf den Einsatz von
Leinwänden, denn Begriffe und Assoziationen werden grossflächig auf die Bodenfläche, auf
mehrere Fassaden und in Theaternebel projiziert. Über den Zeitraum von 2 Tagen wird die
Installation vor Ort in der Favela am 15/16.Mai und die Installation am Cristo Redentor am 12.Mai
für einen Tag zu sehen sein.!
Kleine, große, junge und alte Besucher können sich einbringen in die Installation und mit farbiger
Straßenmalkreide, die ausgelegt wird, Wörter nachzeichnen und hinzufügen und so interaktiv an
der Installation teilnehmen. Über die Installationsdauer entsteht somit ein Wörterteppich aus
Begriffen, die vor Ort von den Besuchern selbst mittels dem temporären und flüchtigen 'Medium'
der Strassenmalkreide beigesteuert werden. Geist entwickelt auf diese Weise einen Dialog
zwischen dem Ort, den Besuchern und seiner künstlerischen Arbeit. ! !
Die konkrete, greifbare Projektionsfläche der Architektur und die statischen Begriffe auf der
Bodenfläche stehen für die Fakten und sichtbaren Relikte, welche unser Geschichtsverständnis
ausmachen. Die transparente, sich verflüchtigende Projektionsfläche im Nebel erinnert daran,
dass ein Teil der Geschichte nicht konserviert werden kann und im Moment in unserer individuellen
Vorstellung entsteht. Begriffe werden als Metapher für die Vergänglichkeit kurzzeitig sichtbar und
verschwinden sofort wieder. Dieses Zusammenspiel der verschiedenen Text- und Bildschichten im
Raum verweist auf den Ort und die Geschichte(n) Brasiliens und Deutschlands und den kulturellen
Austausch beider Länder. Die Besucher selbst werden Teil der Installation: sie tauchen in die
großflächige Bodenprojektion ein. Auf diese Weise vereinen sich unterschiedliche Perspektiven
und Raumerfahrungen. Abstrakte Passagen, die sich aufbauen, überlagern und gegenseitig
verdrängen, symbolisieren die ständigen Veränderungen in der Geschichte, den Lauf der Zeit und
die Flüchtigkeit des Seins. Auch das Verständnis von der Vergangenheit ist im Fluss. Die
modernen Schriften und Formationen, die am Computer entstanden sind, stellen eine Verbindung
zur Gegenwart und den Möglichkeiten der heutigen Technik her und zeigen, dass die Erfahrbarkeit
von Geschichte und Kultur immer von den Möglichkeiten und Rahmenbedingungen der Gegenwart
abhängig ist.
'Time Drifts - Words of Berlin' ist Teil einer Serie von Installationen, die Philipp Geist in den letzten
Jahren gezeigt hat, und die dabei immer wieder neu an die örtlichen Gegebenheiten ortsspezifisch
weiterentwickelt wird: Im Oktober 2012 zeigte Geist die Installation auf dem gesamten Potsdamer
Platz und den beiden Hochhäusern Kolhoff Tower und Renzo Piano Tower. Im April 2012 wurde die
Installation in Frankfurt auf der Luminale gezeigt, wurde von mehr als 40.000 Besuchern gesehen
und war das Hauptprojekt der Luminale 2012. Im Jahr 2011 zeigte Geist die Installation Time Drifts
in Vancouver am Jack-Poole Plaza, ebenso wie in Montreal am Place des Arts in 2010. Die
Installation 'Timing' war 2009 auf dem Glow Festival in Eindhoven zu sehen. Ende 2009 sahen
anlässlich des Geburtstages des thailändischen Königs ca. 2-3 Millionen Besucher seine
Fassadeninstallation am königlichen Thron in Bangkok. Andere Projekte waren u.a.: 'Time Lines'
am renommierten Museum delle Esposizioni (2007), 'Time Fades' am Berliner Kulturforum,
'Broken Time Lines' am alten Kurhaus Ahrenshoop (2008).
Geists Projekte sind in erster Linie gekennzeichnet durch ihre Komplexität in der Integration von
Raum, Ton und Bewegbild. Seine Video-Mapping-Installationen verzichten auf Leinwände und
verwandeln verschiedenste Architekturen in bewegte, malerische Lichtskulpturen, die die
Wahrnehmung der Betrachter von Zwei- und Dreidimensionalität herausfordern.
This is from the back cover of my father's 1938 Pittsburgh 6 day bike race program. Now we know who was promoting bike racing back in the day.
La Paz o Nuestra Señora de La Paz (nombre oficial) es la capital del Departamento de La Paz, sede de gobierno de los poderes ejecutivo y legislativo de Bolivia. El censo de 2001 reflejó una población de 1.552.156[1] habitantes en toda el área metropolitana incluyendo a la ciudad de El Alto. El centro de la ciudad está aproximadamente a 3650 msnm y forma —junto con la ciudad de El Alto—, el segundo núcleo urbano más grande y poblado de Bolivia.
La ciudad de La Paz fue fundada en 1548 por Alonso de Mendoza[2] en Laja como punto de descanso entre el tránsito Potosí y Cusco; para posteriormente tres días después, ser trasladada mas al este, al borde del altiplano donde se inician la qebradas y un lugar mas calido, llamado Chuquiago Marka[3] (en aymara Chuqiyapu, ‘chacra de papas o de oro) debido al clima benigno de este inicio de valle, las cosechas de papa y otros cereales eran magnanimos, por un lado, o el oro que arrastraba el rio de las laderas altas . El nombre completo designado por los conquistadores españoles fue Nuestra Señora de La Paz, constituyendose la 3ra. ciudad despues de Sucre (1538) y Potosí (1545). Su nombre conmemora la restauración de la paz después de la guerra civil que siguió a la insurrección de Gonzalo Pizarro contra Blasco Núñez Vela, primer virrey de Perú.
La Paz, se levanta el 16 de julio de 1809, con Pedro Domingo Murillo y otros martires locales contra el imperio Español e instaura el primer gobierno libre de Hispanoamerica, formando una Junta Tuitiva el 22 de julio de 1809.
Tras la guerra federal de 1898 - 1899, La Paz asumió defacto la sede de gobierno (poderes ejecutivo y legislativo). La contienda enfrentó a Liberales del norte, contra Conservadores del sur. El 16 de julio de 2009 se celebra el bicentenario de esta ciudad, para esta emotiva fecha se esta preparando diversos actos que van desde la inauguracion de muchas obras como los puentes trillizos, dos megacentros en la zona sur de La Paz, diversas avenidas y calles nuevas en la ciudad de El Alto, etc.
[editar] Geografía
La Ciudad de La Paz esta asentada sobre las riveras del rio Choqueyapu que cruza de oeste a este y pequeños rios que nacen en las laderas altas y depositan sus aguas a lo largo del trayecto de este rio.
En la Cordillera de los Andes (al este de la ciudad) se encuentra el Illimani (6465 msnm), cuya silueta ha formado el emblema de la ciudad desde su fundación.
Samedi 23 août 2014. Hôtel des Invalides. Façade nord, Athéna/Minerve, déesse de la sagesse et de la guerre. La statue d'origine, installée en 1732-1733, très dégradée a été remplacée par réplique au début des années 1960.
Le roi Louis XIV souhaitait comme ses prédécesseurs Henri II, Henri III, Henri IV, assurer aide et assistance aux soldats invalides de ses armées ; pour que « ceux qui ont exposé leur vie et prodigué leur sang pour la défense de la monarchie (…) passent le reste de leurs jours dans la tranquillité », dit l'édit royal du 12 mars 1670. Néanmoins, au-delà du geste humanitaire, Louis XIV a aussi des desseins parfaitement politiques. Ces invalides, issus pour la plupart de la guerre de Trente Ans, font mauvaises figures, traînant sur le pont Neuf, souvent mêlés aux rixes de rues, et la population se plaint de ce comportement. Le Roi reloge les invalides dans certaines abbayes en les imposant comme oblats, contribuant ainsi à renforcer les rangs du clergé, mais militaires comme religieux fuient cette solution, les premiers refusant une vie aussi stricte que celle de la vie monacale et devenant mendiants, valets, voleurs, commensaux de maladreries ou de couvents. De plus, Louis XIV ne cachant plus ses projets de conquête, il doit redorer l'image de son armée auprès de la population, mais aussi sa propre image aux yeux de ses soldats.
En 1659, après le traité des Pyrénées, Louis XIV reprend l'idée de Richelieu qui avait fait transformer en 1634 le château de Bicêtre en un établissement pour l'entretien des soldats invalides (la « commanderie Saint-Louis »). Le projet ne se concrétise que onze ans plus tard lorsque le roi crée par ordonnance royale du 24 mai 1670 l'hôtel des Invalides destiné aux militaires âgés, blessés ou inaptes à la guerre. L'établissement qui répond aux fonctions d'hôpital, d'hospice, de caserne et de couvent est exempté d'impôts et administré par un gouverneur. Les soldats sont entretenus par des fonds prélevés sur les revenus des prieurés et des abbayes5.
Situés dans la plaine de Grenelle dans le quartier du Gros Caillou, alors faubourg de Paris, les travaux des bâtiments principaux (logements, infirmerie, réfectoire) sont confiés à l'architecte du roi Libéral Bruant par le Secrétaire d'État français de la Guerre Louvois et seront pour le logement et l'entretien des invalides ou des vieillards sans fortune qui ont servi dans ses armées. Pour que ceux qui ont exposé leur vie et prodigué leur sang pour la défense de la monarchie… passent le reste de leur jours dans la tranquillité... précise l'édit royal.
Libéral Bruant a déjà réalisé l'hospice de la Salpêtrière. Son projet étant sélectionné par Louis XIV parmi les huit proposés, il conçoit à l'âge de 36 ans une organisation en cinq cours, centrée sur la plus grande : la cour royale entourée de quatre corps de logis. Il reprend ainsi le plan de L'Escorial, le palais monastère de Philippe II d'Espagne, près de Madrid mais s'inspire aussi des hôpitaux de l'époque (la Salpêtrière, l'hospice des Incurables). Les travaux sont menés entre mars 1671 (la première pierre est posée le 30 novembre 1671) et février 1674, ce qui peut être qualifié de rapide grâce à l'aide que lui apportent Louvois et ses intendants, les trois frères Camus. Les premiers pensionnaires sont hébergés lors de l'inauguration de l'hôtel en octobre 1674 par Louis XIV en personne. Néanmoins, à cette date, la construction de l'église n'est pas encore commencée). La face arrière de la grande cour est cependant détruite moins d'un an après son achèvement, pour laisser place aux fondations du grand dôme. Les matériaux de construction, notamment la pierre de craie, sont débarqués au niveau d'un port aménagé sur la Seine au niveau du futur pont Alexandre-III.
L'église royale, initialement prévue par Bruant, butte sur la construction. Louvois, qui y voit l'occasion de mettre à l'écart l'un des protégés de son rival, Colbert, détourne Bruant vers d'autres travaux de ponts et chaussées et confie l'ouvrage à partir de mars 1676 à Jules Hardouin-Mansart qui travaille également aux pavillons d'entrée et aux infirmeries. La construction de l'édifice religieux dure près de trente ans et n'est achevée que le 28 août 1706, date de la remise des clés par l'architecte au Roi Soleil. Une longue construction qui prend un tournant à la mort de Colbert, dont les restrictions étouffaient la construction. Louvois le remplace au ministère et ainsi, quadruple la mise de cent mille livres allouée à la construction du dôme par Colbert. Néanmoins, celui-ci se fait très présent sur le chantier et n'hésite pas à harceler les fournisseurs en pierre retardataires tel que Carel. Louvois fut particulièrement attaché aux Invalides, dans lequel il souhaitait d'ailleurs reposer à sa mort. Le 19 juillet 1691, il fut inhumé dans l'église, mais il n'aura malheureusement jamais vu la fin des travaux sur le dôme. Tragique histoire d'amour, car malgré tout, en 1699, son mausolée n'est toujours pas fini, le roi n'ayant pas libéré les crédits à cet effet. On soupçonne Madame de Maintenon, épouse morganatique du roi et vieille adversaire de Louvois, de retarder la construction. Ainsi, le 29 janvier 1699, le corps de Louvois quitte son Hôtel des Invalides et est inhumé dans l'église du couvent des Capucines qu'il avait fait construire au débouché de la place Vendôme. Néanmoins celui-ci reste présent par un joli jeu de mots : parmi les décorations d'armes sur une lucarne, l'une nous présente étrangement un animal sortant des hautes herbes fixant la cour. En effet, d'ici le « loup voit ».
Le lieu devint alors une véritable promenade pour les Parisiens, se mêlant à la population militaire. Les cérémonies qui s'y dérouleront attireront là encore de nombreux spectateurs. Les Invalides resteront pour la monarchie l'objet de Louis XIV. Louis XV ne s'y rendra pas, et Louis XVI qu'à de rares occasions durant lesquelles il salua toujours la performance de cette institution. Autre invité illustre de l'époque monarchique, le tsar Pierre Ier de Russie s'y rendra en avril 1717.
À l'origine, seulement un certain nombre de casernes étaient prévues, mais le roi Louis XIV choisit le projet de l'architecte Libéral Bruant qui consistait en un grand bâtiment impressionnant avec une cour royale et l'église.
Le bâtiment est, en fait, double, même s'il existe une continuité architecturale : la nef constitue l’église des soldats, le chœur, sous la coupole, étant qualifié d’église du dôme. Cette distinction est concrétisée par la mise en place, en 1873, d'une grande verrière, séparant les deux parties.
L'hôtel des Invalides comprend alors, outre l'église, une manufacture (confection d'uniformes et imprimerie), un hospice (« maison de retraite ») et un hôpital militaire. Les ateliers initiaux sont rapidement abandonnés pour faire des chambrées supplémentaires.
Lundi 13 juillet 1789, à la nuit tombée, les barricades se lèvent dans Paris. Le baron Pierre-Victor de Besenval, lieutenant général des armées du roi et colonel du régiment des gardes suisses, est chargé de la protection de la ville, mais celui-ci, face à la menace, s'est retranché avec ses troupes dans son camp installé Champ de Mars. La foule s'arme de bâtons et petit à petit pille le couvent Saint-Lazare. Le gouverneur Charles François de Virot de Sombreuil, chargé des Invalides, sait que ce climat s'est propagé dans les propres rangs de son institution. Les réformes impopulaires du comte de Saint-Germain, ministre de la Guerre de Louis XVI ont mis à dos le gouverneur royaliste et son état major. Parmi les invalides eux-mêmes, la proximité avec les loges maçonniques et la cohabitation avec les soldats français rescapés du corps expéditionnaire de La Fayette durant la Révolution américaine, entraînent un élan de sympathie pour le mouvement révolutionnaire.
Le lendemain, 14 juillet, à sept heures du matin, le Comité permanent des électeurs, siégeant à l'hôtel de ville, envoie Ethis de Corny, procureur du Roi, pour réclamer les armes stockées aux Invalides. Celui-ci arrive à neuf heures, avec son escorte armée. Le gouverneur, ne disposant que de sa garde et d'une compagnie d'artilleurs, refuse de livrer les armes sans ordres formels du Roi. Déjà la veille au soir, Sombreuil avait reçu la demande de fournir les armes au peuple. Il avait alors compris l'intérêt de ce stock pour la foule et avait employé 20 invalides pour retirer les chiens des fusils et ainsi les rendre inutilisables. Mais ceux-ci prirent du retard, sûrement pour soutenir l'action révolutionnaire, et l'idée fut abandonnée. Sombreuil explique alors à Ethis de Corny qu'un courrier est parti pour Versailles, et lui demande d'attendre la réponse. Néanmoins la foule qui se masse autour des Invalides refuse la demande et se lance à l'assaut du bâtiment. L'ordre est donné aux artilleurs de faire feu sur la foule. Néanmoins pas un tir ne se fera entendre. Les invalides eux-mêmes ouvrent les grilles. La prise des Invalides permettra à la foule de récupérer 32 000 fusils et 27 canons.
Le 15 juillet 1789, Sombreuil ne peut calmer ses hommes. Il donne alors sa démission, qui sera refusée par le Roi demandant à celui-ci d'attendre que l'Assemblée prenne une décision quant au sort de l'institution. Le dossier sera examiné bien plus tard en 1791 par la Constituante, chargeant Edmond Louis Alexis Dubois-Crancé du dossier, celui-ci étant déjà chargé du dossier de la réorganisation de l'armée. Celui-ci souhaite la fermeture de l'hôtel pour faire des économies et augmenter la solde des 30 000 soldats invalides répartis dans tout le pays. Les malades seraient alors répartis dans les 83 « hospices de la Patrie » que la Constituante cherche à créer. Le bâtiment serait revendu à la Mairie de Paris qui pourrait alors le réutiliser comme prison. Le projet est débattu, les invalides eux-mêmes sont divisés, l'abbé Jean-Sifrein Maury est l'un des plus grands détracteurs de l'idée d'une fermeture d'un établissement qu'il juge être « un exemple pour toute l'Europe ».
Le 30 avril, la Constituante tranche le maintien de l'édifice et de son statut, mais sous le nouveau titre d'« hôtel national des Militaires Invalides » qui sera à la charge d'un comité électif du département de Paris. Ce nouveau statut sera contesté par une partie du personnel (entre autres le héros de la prise de la Bastille, Cordier, et la responsable de l'infirmerie, la veuve Piat), et sera finalement supprimé le 15 mai 1794 puis remplacé par une Agence révolutionnaire, composée de Jacobins. Ceux-ci feront arrêter Sombreuil, qui sera guillotiné à tort avec son fils Stanislas, le 17 juin 1794. Depuis, l'Hôtel avait déjà été maintes fois pillé, les emblèmes royaux et symboles religieux martelés, les cours rebaptisées (la cour Royale devient celle de la République, celle de l'Infirmerie en celle de l'Humanité, celle du Gouverneur en celle des sans-culottes…). Les quatre vertus qui ornaient le lanternon du dôme seront d'ailleurs saisies, fondues, pour devenir des balles. Le symbole de Louis XIV subit ainsi les foudres de la Révolution. Néanmoins, avec la déclaration de guerre contre l'Autriche du 20 avril 1792, le gouvernement révolutionnaire n'hésita plus à se tourner vers ses anciens soldats, les emblèmes ennemis sont présentés aux Invalides, des hommes à poigne sont enfin nommés à la tête de l'institution pour la redresser, tel que Louis-Adrien Brice de Montigny épaulé de l'adjudant-général Dumesnil et du général de division Jean-François Berruyer. Avec le temps, l'institution retrouve ses marques. Mais c'est un nom qui viendra unir les pensionnaires. Les blessés de la campagne d'Italie ne parlent déjà que de lui : le jeune général Napoléon Bonaparte.
Le jeune général n'a jamais cessé d'entretenir avec les Invalides un rapport étroit. C'était pour lui, à ses débuts, une manière de se légitimer, de gagner le cœur des soldats. C'est ainsi que le 23 septembre 1800, l'anniversaire de la fondation de la République, menée par le Premier Consul, se tiendra aux Invalides, durant lequel, le discours prononcé par son frère, Lucien Bonaparte, fera vibrer la corde nationale des vieux soldats. À l'annonce de l'explosion de la bombe le 24 décembre 1800 lors de la visite de Bonaparte à l'Opéra, complot mené par Cadoudal, les Invalides adressent immédiatement leur soutien et leurs vœux d'avenir. Avec l'annonce du senatus-consulte du 18 mai 1804, proclamant l'Empire, les vieux révolutionnaires s'inquiètent.
Alors, Napoléon ruse, il décale l'anniversaire de la prise de la Bastille au lendemain, un dimanche, jour de repos. La ruse tient au fait qu'en même temps, il prépare une cérémonie nouvelle qui, elle aussi, prendra place aux Invalides. Ainsi, le 15 juillet 1804 eut lieu en la chapelle des Invalides une fastueuse cérémonie officielle : la toute première remise de médailles de la Légion d'honneur par Napoléon aux officiers méritants.
La cérémonie est réglée au millimètre. Joséphine, ses belles-sœurs et ses dames d'honneur devancent Bonaparte qui quitte les Tuileries à midi sur un cheval richement harnaché. Il est escorté de ses maréchaux, aides de camp, colonels, généraux de sa garde et grands officiers, ainsi qu'une interminable haie de soldats, l'accompagnant jusqu'à l'entrée du dôme. Le nouveau gouverneur des Invalides, le général-sénateur Sérurier, ainsi que le cardinal De Belloy viennent à sa rencontre, Napoléon s'installe sur le trône installé dans le chœur. Depuis l'inauguration de Louis XIV en 1706, on n'avait connu pareille gloire pour le monument. Hauts militaires, Clergé et grands savants se disputent les meilleures places, alors que les élèves de Polytechnique et les invalides, installés sur des gradins, assistent à tout ce beau spectacle.
Après les discours vient le moment des décorations. Napoléon lui-même reçoit la Légion d'honneur des mains de son petit-fils et neveu, le prince Louis, mais celui-ci le détache de son habit et préfère alors décorer le cardinal Giovanni Battista Caprara. Le noble geste attire la sympathie de la foule. Napoléon, qui a à ses pieds deux bassins, l'un contenant les légions en or pour les grands officiers, commandants et officiers, l'autre d'argent pour les chevaliers, commence la distribution en épinglant les croix à la poitrine de chacun. On y retrouve de brillants militaires, Kellermann, Oudinot, Suchet, Marmont… mais aussi les cardinaux comme Belloy ou Fesch, des scientifiques comme Monge, fondateur de Polytechnique, le chimiste Berthollet, les astronomes Lalande, Cassini ou Méchain, le chirurgien Pelletan, le savant apothicaire Parmentier, ancien employé des Invalides, et bien d'autres peintres, musiciens, botanistes, cuisiniers… À chacun d'eux il touche un mot, sur leurs blessures, leurs travaux, leurs souvenirs communs… Après la cérémonie, le Te Deum de Pierre Desvignes retentit dans le chœur de la chapelle impériale alors que Napoléon repart avec le grand-maître des cérémonies, M. De Ségur, et le grand chambellan Talleyrand.
Si son frère, Lucien Bonaparte, rêve d'une grande nécropole militaire, Napoléon lui, écarte les projets, n'étant pas suffisamment grandiose pour rivaliser avec l'œuvre de Louis XIV. Il préfère s'occuper du fonctionnement de l'Institution, ainsi que de sa réputation. Il efface tous les mauvais traitements qu'avait infligé la révolution française, avec la dégradation des statues, et ainsi il demande à Pierre Cartellier la reconstitution de la statue équestre de Louis XIV, sur le haut relief de la porte d'honneur, sculptée par Nicolas Coustou.
L'Empereur y place le 17 mai 1807 en grande pompe l'épée du roi de Prusse Frédéric II de Prusse, acquise à la suite de sa victoire le 25 octobre 1806 à la bataille de Potsdam.
Napoléon se rendra à plusieurs reprises écouter les récriminations de ses anciens compagnons d'armes. Le 25 mars 1811, il concède à l'Hôtel un budget de 6 millions de francs de l'époque. C'est pour les Invalides un véritable âge d'or que ce Premier Empire.
L'Empereur exilé, l'Empire vaincu, la nouvelle monarchie de Louis XVIII revenu d'exil, s'impose à Paris, et renomme les Invalides en « Hôtel Royal des Invalides ». Mais dans le cœur des militaires, Napoléon reste leur héros. Les Invalides deviennent le lieu emblématique des bonapartistes. Avec la chute de Charles X et l'instauration de Louis-Philippe Ier, les Trois Glorieuses vont apporter avec elles un vent de liberté. Les bonapartistes s'affichent, et la question du retour des cendres s'imposent. Victor Hugo, Alexandre Dumas réclament la tombe. Finalement, c'est Adolphe Thiers qui, à l'Assemblée, parvient à faire basculer le débat. Le retour des cendres lui semble un beau symbole du retour d'une France puissante. Si Louis-Philippe Ier reste réticent, son fils le duc d'Orléans est enthousiaste. Le 1er mai 1840, jour de la saint Louis-Philippe, celui-ci accepte la requête d'Adolphe Thiers. Charles de Rémusat, ministre de l'Intérieur, demande alors à l'Assemblée, un crédit d'un million de francs pour financer le retour des restes et la construction d'un tombeau dont l'emplacement est déjà désigné : les Invalides, déjà choisies par Napoléon lui-même. Lorsque le deuxième million réclamé à l'Assemblée est refusé, la presse se déchaîne : les royalistes y voient un affront, les républicains une somme colossale, les bonapartistes une dépense naturelle. Le prince de Joinville se charge du transfert à bord de La Belle Poule et de La Favorite le 7 juillet de Toulon, revenant le 30 novembre à Cherbourg. Mais coup de théâtre entre deux, le gouvernement Adolphe Thiers vient de chuter et celui-ci est remplacé par le maréchal Soult qui charge François Guizot des Affaires étrangères, et ainsi donc du rapatriement. Or celui-ci est un fervent adversaire de Thiers ainsi qu'un anti-bonapartiste. Joinville se retrouve alors bloqué à Cherbourg, attendant des ordres qui n'arrivent pas. Si le chantier avance à grands pas sous la houlette des maîtres d'œuvre Henri Labrouste et Louis Visconti, la cérémonie, elle, n'est pas prête. Néanmoins, la Dorade peut enfin remonter la Seine pour accoster à Courbevoie au cri de « Vive l'Empereur ! ».
L'hôtel se dote très tôt d'une fonction muséographique : musée d'artillerie en 1872 et musée historique des armées en 1896, réunis en musée de l'armée en 1905.
La statue en pied de Napoléon dans la cour d'honneur a connu des vicissitudes :
Elle fut commandée par Louis-Philippe au sculpteur Charles Émile Seurre pour être installée au sommet de la colonne Vendôme en 1833. Napoléon III la remplaça par une statue jugée plus digne : celle de Napoléon dans la toge de César. C'est cette statue qui sera abattue par la Commune de Paris. En attendant, la statue première avait été installée au rond-point de Courbevoie, situé dans l'axe historique de l'ouest parisien. À la chute du Second-Empire, elle fut déboulonnée par les Parisiens, qui croyaient notamment en la rumeur que les Prussiens allaient l'attacher par le cou et la traîner le long des rues de la capitale. Devant être transférée aux Invalides pour échapper aux Prussiens en 1870 et à la Commune en 1871, elle fut placée sur une barge de la Seine, mais la statue de 4 tonnes tomba à l'eau (accident ? Jetée intentionnellement ?). Une rumeur prétendit que la tête en bronze se sépara du corps lors de la chute et que la tête actuelle ne serait pas l'originale. Elle fut repêchée en 1876 et placée dans les réserves des Invalides. Restaurée, sous l'initiative de la société des amis du musée de l'Armée, elle trouva le 11 mars 1911 sa place actuelle aux Invalides.
L'hôtel des Invalides accueille encore aujourd'hui une centaine de grands invalides de guerre des armées françaises. L'administration chargée de cette mission est l'Institution nationale des invalides.