Central Station

Object ID: 21640 Station No. 1

After the decision to construct the "Empress Elisabeth Western Railway" in 1851 took place on 9 September 1856 the ground-breaking ceremony for the St. Pölten Main Railway Station, just two years later the first trains could use the new stopping place. After additional railway lines were connected the existing building was too small, from 1887 the current station building was built with passage to the Kremser country road (Landstraße) in two years time.

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denkmalgesch%C3%BCtzte_Objekte_in_S...

(further information is available by clicking on the link at the end of page!)

History of the City St. Pölten

In order to present concise history of the Lower Austrian capital is in the shop of the city museum a richly illustrated full version on CD-ROM.

Tip

On the occasion of the commemoration of the pogroms of November 1938, the Institute for Jewish History of Austria its virtual Memorbuch (Memory book) for the destroyed St. Pölten Jewish community since 10th November 2012 is putting online.

Prehistory

The time from which there is no written record is named after the main materials used for tools and weapons: Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age. Using the latest technologies, archaeologists from archaeological finds and aerial photographs can trace a fairly detailed picture of life at that time. Especially for the time from the settling down of the People (New Stone Age), now practicing agriculture and animal husbandry, in the territory of St. Pölten lively settlement activity can be proved. In particular, cemeteries are important for the research, because the dead were laid in the grave everyday objects and jewelry, the forms of burial changing over time - which in turn gives the archeology valuable clues for the temporal determination. At the same time, prehistory of Sankt Pölten would not be half as good documented without the construction of the expressway S33 and other large buildings, where millions of cubic meters of earth were moved - under the watchful eyes of the Federal Monuments Office!

A final primeval chapter characterized the Celts, who settled about 450 BC our area and in addition to a new culture and religion also brought with them the potter's wheel. The kingdom of Noricum influenced till the penetration of the Romans the development in our area.

Roman period, migrations

The Romans conquered in 15 BC the Celtic Empire and established hereinafter the Roman province of Noricum. Borders were protected by military camp (forts), in the hinterland emerged civilian cities, almost all systematically laid out according to the same plan. The civil and commercial city Aelium Cetium, as St. Pölten was called (city law 121/122), consisted in the 4th Century already of heated stone houses, trade and craft originated thriving urban life, before the Romans in the first third of the 5th Century retreated to Italy.

The subsequent period went down as the Migration Period in official historiography, for which the settlement of the Sankt Pöltner downtown can not be proved. Cemeteries witness the residence of the Lombards in our area, later it was the Avars, extending their empire to the Enns.

The recent archaeological excavations on the Cathedral Square 2010/2011, in fact, the previous knowledge of St.Pölten colonization not have turned upside down but enriched by many details, whose full analysis and publication are expected in the near future.

Middle Ages

With the submission of the Avars by Charlemagne around 800 AD Christianity was gaining a foothold, the Bavarian Benedictine monastery of Tegernsee establishing a daughter house here - as founder are mentioned the brothers Adalbert and Ottokar - equipped with the relics of St. Hippolytus. The name St. Ypolit over the centuries should turn into Sankt Pölten. After the Hungarian wars and the resettlement of the monastery as Canons Regular of St. Augustine under the influence of Passau St. Pölten received mid-11th Century market rights.

In the second half of the 20th century historians stated that records in which the rights of citizens were held were to be qualified as Town Charters. Vienna is indeed already in 1137 as a city ("civitas") mentioned in a document, but the oldest Viennese city charter dates only from the year 1221, while the Bishop of Passau, Konrad, already in 1159 the St. Pöltnern secured:

A St. Pöltner citizen who has to answer to the court, has the right to make use of an "advocate".

He must not be forced to rid himself of the accusation by a judgment of God.

A St. Pöltner citizen may be convicted only by statements of fellow citizens, not by strangers.

From the 13th Century exercised a city judge appointed by the lord of the city the high and low jurisdiction as chairman of the council meetings and the Municipal Court, Inner and Outer Council supported him during the finding of justice. Venue for the public verdict was the in the 13th Century created new marketplace, the "Broad Market", now the town hall square. Originally square-shaped, it was only later to a rectangle reduced. Around it arose the market district, which together with the monastery district, the wood district and the Ledererviertel (quarter of the leather goods manufacturer) was protected by a double city wall.

The dependence of St. Pölten of the bishop of Passau is shown in the municipal coat of arms and the city seal. Based on the emblem of the heraldic animal of the Lord of the city, so the Bishop of Passau, it shows an upright standing wolf holding a crosier in its paw.

Modern Times

In the course of the armed conflict between the Emperor Frederick III . and King Matthias of Hungary pledged the Bishop of Passau the town on the Hungarian king. From 1485 stood Lower Austria as a whole under Hungarian rule. The most important document of this period is the awarding of the city coat of arms by King Matthias Corvinus in the year 1487. After the death of the opponents 1490 and 1493 could Frederick's son Maximilian reconquer Lower Austria. He considered St. Pölten as spoils of war and had no intention of returning it to the diocese of Passau. The city government has often been leased subsequently, for instance, to the family Wellenstein, and later to the families Trautson and Auersperg.

That St. Pölten now was a princely city, found its expression in the coat of arms letter of the King Ferdinand I. from 1538: From now on, the wolf had no crosier anymore, and the from the viewer's point of view left half showed the reverse Austrian shield, so silver-red-silver.

To the 16th Century also goes back the construction of St. Pöltner City Hall. The 1503 by judge and council acquired house was subsequently expanded, rebuilt, extended and provided with a tower.

A for the urban history research important picture, painted in 1623, has captured scenes of the peasant uprising of 1597, but also allows a view to the city and lets the viewer read some of the details of the then state of construction. The economic inconveniences of that time were only exacerbated by the Thirty Years War, at the end of which a fifth of the houses were uninhabited and the citizenry was impoverished.

Baroque

After the successful defense against the Turks in 1683, the economy started to recover and a significant building boom began. Lower Austria turned into the land of the baroque abbeys and monasteries, as it is familiar to us today.

In St. Pölten, the change of the cityscape is closely connected to the Baroque architect Jakob Prandtauer. In addition to the Baroquisation of the interior of the cathedral, a number of buildings in St. Pölten go to his account, so the reconstruction of the castle Ochsenburg, the erection of the Schwaighof and of the core building of the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Englische Fräuleins - English Maidens) - from 1706 the seat of the first school order of St.Pölten - as well as of several bourgeois houses.

Joseph Munggenast, nephew and co-worker of Prandtauer, completed the Baroquisation of the cathedral, he baroquised the facade of the town hall (1727) and numerous bourgeois houses and designed a bridge over the Traisen which existed until 1907. In the decoration of the church buildings were throughout Tyroleans collaborating, which Jakob Prandtauer had brought along from his homeland (Tyrol) to St. Pölten, for example, Paul Troger and Peter Widerin.

Maria Theresa and her son Joseph II: Their reforms in the city of the 18th Century also left a significant mark. School foundings as a result of compulsory education, the dissolution of the monasteries and hereinafter - from 1785 - the new role of St. Pölten as a bishop's seat are consequences of their policies.

1785 was also the year of a fundamental alteration of the old Council Constitution: The city judge was replaced by one magistrate consisting of five persons, at the head was a mayor. For the first mayor the painter Josef Hackl was chosen.

The 19th century

Despite the Napoleonic Wars - St. Pölten in 1805 and 1809 was occupied by the French - and despite the state bankruptcy of 1811, increased the number of businesses constantly, although the economic importance of the city for the time being did not go beyond the near vicinity.

Against the background of monitoring by the state secret police, which prevented any political commitment between the Congress of Vienna and the 1848 revolution, the citizens withdrew into private life. Sense of family, fostering of domestic music, prominent salon societies in which even a Franz Schubert socialized, or the construction of the city theater were visible signs of this attitude.

The economic upswing of the city did not begin until after the revolution of the year 1848. A prerequisite for this was the construction of the Empress Elisabeth Western Railway, moving Vienna, Linz, soon Salzburg, too, in a reachable distance. The city walls were pulled down, St. Pölten could unfold. The convenient traffic situation favored factory start-ups, and so arose a lace factory, a revolver factory, a soap factory or, for example, as a precursor of a future large-scale enterprise, the braid, ribbon and Strickgarnerzeugung (knitting yarn production) of Matthias Salcher in Harland.

In other areas, too, the Gründerzeit (years of rapid industrial expansion in Germany - and Austria) in Sankt Pölten was honouring its name: The city got schools, a hospital, gas lanterns, canalization, hot springs and summer bath.

The 20th century

At the beginning of the 20th Century the city experienced another burst of development, initiated by the construction of the power station in 1903, because electricity was the prerequisite for the settlement of large companies. In particular, the companies Voith and Glanzstoff and the main workshop of the Federal Railways attracted many workers. New Traisen bridge, tram, Mariazell Railway and other infrastructure buildings were erected; St. Pölten obtained a synagogue. The Art Nouveau made it repeatedly into the urban architecture - just think of the Olbrich House - and inspired also the painting, as exponents worth to be mentioned are Ernst Stöhr or Ferdinand Andri.

What the outbreak of the First World War in broad outlines meant for the monarchy, on a smaller scale also St. Pölten has felt. The city was heavily impacted by the deployment of army units, a POW camp, a military hospital and a sick bay. Industrial enterprises were partly converted into war production, partly closed. Unemployment, housing emergency and food shortages long after the war still were felt painfully.

The 1919 to mayor elected Social Democrat Hubert Schnofl after the war tried to raise the standard of living of the people by improving the social welfare and health care. The founding of a housing cooperative (Wohnungsgenossenschaft), the construction of the water line and the establishment of new factories were further attempts to stimulate the stiffening economy whose descent could not be stopped until 1932.

After the National Socialist regime had stirred false hopes and plunged the world into war, St. Pölten was no longer the city as it has been before. Not only the ten devastating bombings of the last year of the war had left its marks, also the restrictive persecution of Jews and political dissidents had torn holes in the structure of the population. Ten years of Russian occupation subsequently did the rest to traumatize the population, but at this time arose from the ruins a more modern St. Pölten, with the new Traisen bridge, district heating, schools.

This trend continued, an era of recovery and modernization made the economic miracle palpable. Already in 1972 was - even if largely as a result of incorporations - exceeded the 50.000-inhabitant-limit.

Elevation to capital status (capital of Lower Austria), 10 July 1986: No other event in this dimension could have become the booster detonation of an up to now ongoing development thrust. Since then in a big way new residential and commercial areas were opened up, built infrastructure constructions, schools and universities brought into being to enrich the educational landscape. East of the Old Town arose the governmental and cultural district, and the list of architects wears sonorous names such as Ernst Hoffmann (NÖ (Lower Austria) Landhaus; Klangturm), Klaus Kada (Festspielhaus), Hans Hollein (Shedhalle and Lower Austrian Provincial Museum), Karin Bily, Paul Katzberger and Michael Loudon ( NÖ State Library and NÖ State Archive).

European Diploma, European flag, badge of honor, Europe Price: Between 1996 and 2001, received St. Pölten numerous appreciations of its EU commitment - as a sort of recognition of the Council of Europe for the dissemination of the EU-idea through international town twinnings, a major Europe exhibition or, for example, the establishment and chair of the "Network of European medium-sized cities".

On the way into the 21st century

Just now happened and already history: What the St. Pöltnern as just experienced sticks in their minds, travelers and newcomers within a short time should be told. The theater and the hospital handing over to the province of Lower Austria, a new mayor always on the go, who was able to earn since 2004 already numerous laurels (Tags: polytechnic, downtown enhancement, building lease scheme, bus concept) - all the recent changes are just now condensed into spoken and written language in order to make, from now on, the history of the young provincial capital in the 3rd millennium nachlesbar (checkable).

www.st-poelten.gv.at/Content.Node/freizeit-kultur/kultur/...

Parish Church to the Holy Trinity and Franciscan Monastery

Object ID: 20593 Town Square 12

The late Baroque building, taking up the whole north side of the town square, is dominated by the Rococo façade. 1707 the Carmelite order at the request of the benefactor, Maria Antonia Montecuculi, settled down in St. Pölten, at the north side of the square the men convent should find its place. Although architect's plan and financial resources were available, was the start of construction not until 1757, there was missing the planning permission of Empress Maria Theresa. The church then was built to 1768 according to plans by Johann Pauli, the monastery was completed in 1773. Yet 10 years later, the monastery by Emperor Joseph II was repealed. Because of its strategic location, the church in 1785 became parish church, the pastoral care took over the by the dissolutions not affected Franciscan Order.

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_der_denkmalgesch%C3%BCtzten_O...(Stadtteil)

(further information is available by clicking on the link at the end of page!)

History of the City St. Pölten

In order to present concise history of the Lower Austrian capital is in the shop of the city museum a richly illustrated full version on CD-ROM.

Tip

On the occasion of the commemoration of the pogroms of November 1938, the Institute for Jewish History of Austria its virtual Memorbuch (Memory book) for the destroyed St. Pölten Jewish community since 10th November 2012 is putting online.

Prehistory

The time from which there is no written record is named after the main materials used for tools and weapons: Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age. Using the latest technologies, archaeologists from archaeological finds and aerial photographs can trace a fairly detailed picture of life at that time. Especially for the time from the settling down of the People (New Stone Age), now practicing agriculture and animal husbandry, in the territory of St. Pölten lively settlement activity can be proved. In particular, cemeteries are important for the research, because the dead were laid in the grave everyday objects and jewelry, the forms of burial changing over time - which in turn gives the archeology valuable clues for the temporal determination. At the same time, prehistory of Sankt Pölten would not be half as good documented without the construction of the expressway S33 and other large buildings, where millions of cubic meters of earth were moved - under the watchful eyes of the Federal Monuments Office!

A final primeval chapter characterized the Celts, who settled about 450 BC our area and in addition to a new culture and religion also brought with them the potter's wheel. The kingdom of Noricum influenced till the penetration of the Romans the development in our area.

Roman period, migrations

The Romans conquered in 15 BC the Celtic Empire and established hereinafter the Roman province of Noricum. Borders were protected by military camp (forts), in the hinterland emerged civilian cities, almost all systematically laid out according to the same plan. The civil and commercial city Aelium Cetium, as St. Pölten was called (city law 121/122), consisted in the 4th Century already of heated stone houses, trade and craft originated thriving urban life, before the Romans in the first third of the 5th Century retreated to Italy.

The subsequent period went down as the Migration Period in official historiography, for which the settlement of the Sankt Pöltner downtown can not be proved. Cemeteries witness the residence of the Lombards in our area, later it was the Avars, extending their empire to the Enns.

The recent archaeological excavations on the Cathedral Square 2010/2011, in fact, the previous knowledge of St.Pölten colonization not have turned upside down but enriched by many details, whose full analysis and publication are expected in the near future.

Middle Ages

With the submission of the Avars by Charlemagne around 800 AD Christianity was gaining a foothold, the Bavarian Benedictine monastery of Tegernsee establishing a daughter house here - as founder are mentioned the brothers Adalbert and Ottokar - equipped with the relics of St. Hippolytus. The name St. Ypolit over the centuries should turn into Sankt Pölten. After the Hungarian wars and the resettlement of the monastery as Canons Regular of St. Augustine under the influence of Passau St. Pölten received mid-11th Century market rights.

In the second half of the 20th century historians stated that records in which the rights of citizens were held were to be qualified as Town Charters. Vienna is indeed already in 1137 as a city ("civitas") mentioned in a document, but the oldest Viennese city charter dates only from the year 1221, while the Bishop of Passau, Konrad, already in 1159 the St. Pöltnern secured:

A St. Pöltner citizen who has to answer to the court, has the right to make use of an "advocate".

He must not be forced to rid himself of the accusation by a judgment of God.

A St. Pöltner citizen may be convicted only by statements of fellow citizens, not by strangers.

From the 13th Century exercised a city judge appointed by the lord of the city the high and low jurisdiction as chairman of the council meetings and the Municipal Court, Inner and Outer Council supported him during the finding of justice. Venue for the public verdict was the in the 13th Century created new marketplace, the "Broad Market", now the town hall square. Originally square-shaped, it was only later to a rectangle reduced. Around it arose the market district, which together with the monastery district, the wood district and the Ledererviertel (quarter of the leather goods manufacturer) was protected by a double city wall.

The dependence of St. Pölten of the bishop of Passau is shown in the municipal coat of arms and the city seal. Based on the emblem of the heraldic animal of the Lord of the city, so the Bishop of Passau, it shows an upright standing wolf holding a crosier in its paw.

Modern Times

In the course of the armed conflict between the Emperor Frederick III . and King Matthias of Hungary pledged the Bishop of Passau the town on the Hungarian king. From 1485 stood Lower Austria as a whole under Hungarian rule. The most important document of this period is the awarding of the city coat of arms by King Matthias Corvinus in the year 1487. After the death of the opponents 1490 and 1493 could Frederick's son Maximilian reconquer Lower Austria. He considered St. Pölten as spoils of war and had no intention of returning it to the diocese of Passau. The city government has often been leased subsequently, for instance, to the family Wellenstein, and later to the families Trautson and Auersperg.

That St. Pölten now was a princely city, found its expression in the coat of arms letter of the King Ferdinand I. from 1538: From now on, the wolf had no crosier anymore, and the from the viewer's point of view left half showed the reverse Austrian shield, so silver-red-silver.

To the 16th Century also goes back the construction of St. Pöltner City Hall. The 1503 by judge and council acquired house was subsequently expanded, rebuilt, extended and provided with a tower.

A for the urban history research important picture, painted in 1623, has captured scenes of the peasant uprising of 1597, but also allows a view to the city and lets the viewer read some of the details of the then state of construction. The economic inconveniences of that time were only exacerbated by the Thirty Years War, at the end of which a fifth of the houses were uninhabited and the citizenry was impoverished.

Baroque

After the successful defense against the Turks in 1683, the economy started to recover and a significant building boom began. Lower Austria turned into the land of the baroque abbeys and monasteries, as it is familiar to us today.

In St. Pölten, the change of the cityscape is closely connected to the Baroque architect Jakob Prandtauer. In addition to the Baroquisation of the interior of the cathedral, a number of buildings in St. Pölten go to his account, so the reconstruction of the castle Ochsenburg, the erection of the Schwaighof and of the core building of the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Englische Fräuleins - English Maidens) - from 1706 the seat of the first school order of St.Pölten - as well as of several bourgeois houses.

Joseph Munggenast, nephew and co-worker of Prandtauer, completed the Baroquisation of the cathedral, he baroquised the facade of the town hall (1727) and numerous bourgeois houses and designed a bridge over the Traisen which existed until 1907. In the decoration of the church buildings were throughout Tyroleans collaborating, which Jakob Prandtauer had brought along from his homeland (Tyrol) to St. Pölten, for example, Paul Troger and Peter Widerin.

Maria Theresa and her son Joseph II: Their reforms in the city of the 18th Century also left a significant mark. School foundings as a result of compulsory education, the dissolution of the monasteries and hereinafter - from 1785 - the new role of St. Pölten as a bishop's seat are consequences of their policies.

1785 was also the year of a fundamental alteration of the old Council Constitution: The city judge was replaced by one magistrate consisting of five persons, at the head was a mayor. For the first mayor the painter Josef Hackl was chosen.

The 19th century

Despite the Napoleonic Wars - St. Pölten in 1805 and 1809 was occupied by the French - and despite the state bankruptcy of 1811, increased the number of businesses constantly, although the economic importance of the city for the time being did not go beyond the near vicinity.

Against the background of monitoring by the state secret police, which prevented any political commitment between the Congress of Vienna and the 1848 revolution, the citizens withdrew into private life. Sense of family, fostering of domestic music, prominent salon societies in which even a Franz Schubert socialized, or the construction of the city theater were visible signs of this attitude.

The economic upswing of the city did not begin until after the revolution of the year 1848. A prerequisite for this was the construction of the Empress Elisabeth Western Railway, moving Vienna, Linz, soon Salzburg, too, in a reachable distance. The city walls were pulled down, St. Pölten could unfold. The convenient traffic situation favored factory start-ups, and so arose a lace factory, a revolver factory, a soap factory or, for example, as a precursor of a future large-scale enterprise, the braid, ribbon and Strickgarnerzeugung (knitting yarn production) of Matthias Salcher in Harland.

In other areas, too, the Gründerzeit (years of rapid industrial expansion in Germany - and Austria) in Sankt Pölten was honouring its name: The city got schools, a hospital, gas lanterns, canalization, hot springs and summer bath.

The 20th century

At the beginning of the 20th Century the city experienced another burst of development, initiated by the construction of the power station in 1903, because electricity was the prerequisite for the settlement of large companies. In particular, the companies Voith and Glanzstoff and the main workshop of the Federal Railways attracted many workers. New Traisen bridge, tram, Mariazell Railway and other infrastructure buildings were erected; St. Pölten obtained a synagogue. The Art Nouveau made it repeatedly into the urban architecture - just think of the Olbrich House - and inspired also the painting, as exponents worth to be mentioned are Ernst Stöhr or Ferdinand Andri.

What the outbreak of the First World War in broad outlines meant for the monarchy, on a smaller scale also St. Pölten has felt. The city was heavily impacted by the deployment of army units, a POW camp, a military hospital and a sick bay. Industrial enterprises were partly converted into war production, partly closed. Unemployment, housing emergency and food shortages long after the war still were felt painfully.

The 1919 to mayor elected Social Democrat Hubert Schnofl after the war tried to raise the standard of living of the people by improving the social welfare and health care. The founding of a housing cooperative (Wohnungsgenossenschaft), the construction of the water line and the establishment of new factories were further attempts to stimulate the stiffening economy whose descent could not be stopped until 1932.

After the National Socialist regime had stirred false hopes and plunged the world into war, St. Pölten was no longer the city as it has been before. Not only the ten devastating bombings of the last year of the war had left its marks, also the restrictive persecution of Jews and political dissidents had torn holes in the structure of the population. Ten years of Russian occupation subsequently did the rest to traumatize the population, but at this time arose from the ruins a more modern St. Pölten, with the new Traisen bridge, district heating, schools.

This trend continued, an era of recovery and modernization made the economic miracle palpable. Already in 1972 was - even if largely as a result of incorporations - exceeded the 50.000-inhabitant-limit.

Elevation to capital status (capital of Lower Austria), 10 July 1986: No other event in this dimension could have become the booster detonation of an up to now ongoing development thrust. Since then in a big way new residential and commercial areas were opened up, built infrastructure constructions, schools and universities brought into being to enrich the educational landscape. East of the Old Town arose the governmental and cultural district, and the list of architects wears sonorous names such as Ernst Hoffmann (NÖ (Lower Austria) Landhaus; Klangturm), Klaus Kada (Festspielhaus), Hans Hollein (Shedhalle and Lower Austrian Provincial Museum), Karin Bily, Paul Katzberger and Michael Loudon ( NÖ State Library and NÖ State Archive).

European Diploma, European flag, badge of honor, Europe Price: Between 1996 and 2001, received St. Pölten numerous appreciations of its EU commitment - as a sort of recognition of the Council of Europe for the dissemination of the EU-idea through international town twinnings, a major Europe exhibition or, for example, the establishment and chair of the "Network of European medium-sized cities".

On the way into the 21st century

Just now happened and already history: What the St. Pöltnern as just experienced sticks in their minds, travelers and newcomers within a short time should be told. The theater and the hospital handing over to the province of Lower Austria, a new mayor always on the go, who was able to earn since 2004 already numerous laurels (Tags: polytechnic, downtown enhancement, building lease scheme, bus concept) - all the recent changes are just now condensed into spoken and written language in order to make, from now on, the history of the young provincial capital in the 3rd millennium nachlesbar (checkable).

www.st-poelten.gv.at/Content.Node/freizeit-kultur/kultur/...

A 'latest technology' US Marine Corp air-to-air refueling demonstration. Leading is Lockheed KC-130J Hercules '168071', c/n 382-5676, operated by VMGR-252 based at Cheery Point MCAS in North Carolina.

Trailing is Lockheed-Martin F-35B Lightning II '168726', c/n BF-28, operated by VMFAT-501 based at Beaufort MCAS in South Carolina.

This was the first UK public appearance of the F-35.

2016 Royal International Air Tattoo, Fairford, UK.

08-7-2016

HYPERFORGED HF-C7

Disk finish：Brushed side Polish

Rim outer finish：HighPolish

Rim inner finish：Anodized Black

F： 9.0J×20 SemiConcave　

R：13.0J×21 DeepConcave　

Pirelli P Zero

F：255/30/20　 R：355/25/21

Lamborghini Aventador LP700-4

Auto Plaza Dank

www.ap-dank.com

Perfomance rest assured HYPERFORGED is utilizing the latest technology

and made entirely in the　JAPAN． HYPER FORGED www.hyperforgedwheels.com

OCWA-https://www.surfrider.org/

I am a proud member of *OCWA-Volunteer Team* *_*

OCWA Volunteer Outfit Creator Cira Emor-=ED= Eagle Designs Clothing & Weapons♦ =ED=

OCWA Mission Statement;

Our mission is to educate and create awareness of current human impact on marine environments.

Using Second Life’s virtual world platform we incorporate science and the latest technology to promote public involvement through support of various ocean conservation organizations.

Sacred Heart Church (St. Pölten )

The Sacred Heart Church is a Roman Catholic monastery church in St. Pölten in the Dr.-Karl-Renner-Promenade 6. The Branch Church of the Cathedral of St. Pölten is the monastery church of the local community of the Franciscan Sisters of Amstetten and is a listed building.

Sacred Heart Church

Sacred Heart Church in 1890

A in 1877 built residential building with a neo Renaissance facade was bought in 1885 by the Episcopal Alumnat. Then a church was added in 1886 in Romanesque-Gothic style and at the same time transformed the residential building to a monastic institution. The main facade of the church with blind arcade frieze and centered banded outline and rosettes looks like the present Convent to Dr.-Karl-Renner- Promenade 6. The side facade with buttresses and lancet windows is facing east. The church has a roof turret.

The churche with dreijochigem (three-bay) kreuzrippengewölbtem (cross-rib-arched) nave and three-sided end of the choir is a vaulted church on pilasters. The kreuzgratunterwölbte (groined under-vaulted) organ loft stands on pillars.

There is a crucifix from the second Half of the 19th Century. The baroque statues St. Joseph with Child and Mary Immaculate are from the first Half of the 18th Century.

History

Prelate Michael Ramsauer founded in 1872 a fraternity for adoration of the Blessed Sacrament and the generation of liturgical paraments (vestments). He bought in 1877 a two-storey residential house in which a workshop was set up for the parament generation. 1886 a church was built, which had to be demolished due to construction errors, however, in the same year. The St. Pölten architect Johann Wohlmeyer was entrusted with the immediate construction, the new church on 30 December in 1886 was inaugurated. In 1895, the vestments workshop was taken over by the Franciscan Sisters of Amstetten. 1917 the two bells, the Sacred Heart bell and Joseph Bell, had to be delivered for military purposes, only in 1920 could be bought two new ones. Those, in turn, were confiscated in 1942 as a war metal and not replaced until today. The Croatian Catholic Mission, which also has its headquarters in the residential building, holds every Sunday in the Sacred Heart church a church service in the Croatian language.

(further information is available by clicking on the link at the end of page!)

History of the City St. Pölten

In order to present concise history of the Lower Austrian capital is in the shop of the city museum a richly illustrated full version on CD-ROM.

Tip

On the occasion of the commemoration of the pogroms of November 1938, the Institute for Jewish History of Austria its virtual Memorbuch (Memory book) for the destroyed St. Pölten Jewish community since 10th November 2012 is putting online.

Prehistory

The time from which there is no written record is named after the main materials used for tools and weapons: Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age. Using the latest technologies, archaeologists from archaeological finds and aerial photographs can trace a fairly detailed picture of life at that time. Especially for the time from the settling down of the People (New Stone Age), now practicing agriculture and animal husbandry, in the territory of St. Pölten lively settlement activity can be proved. In particular, cemeteries are important for the research, because the dead were laid in the grave everyday objects and jewelry, the forms of burial changing over time - which in turn gives the archeology valuable clues for the temporal determination. At the same time, prehistory of Sankt Pölten would not be half as good documented without the construction of the expressway S33 and other large buildings, where millions of cubic meters of earth were moved - under the watchful eyes of the Federal Monuments Office!

A final primeval chapter characterized the Celts, who settled about 450 BC our area and in addition to a new culture and religion also brought with them the potter's wheel. The kingdom of Noricum influenced till the penetration of the Romans the development in our area.

Roman period, migrations

The Romans conquered in 15 BC the Celtic Empire and established hereinafter the Roman province of Noricum. Borders were protected by military camp (forts), in the hinterland emerged civilian cities, almost all systematically laid out according to the same plan. The civil and commercial city Aelium Cetium, as St. Pölten was called (city law 121/122), consisted in the 4th Century already of heated stone houses, trade and craft originated thriving urban life, before the Romans in the first third of the 5th Century retreated to Italy.

The subsequent period went down as the Migration Period in official historiography, for which the settlement of the Sankt Pöltner downtown can not be proved. Cemeteries witness the residence of the Lombards in our area, later it was the Avars, extending their empire to the Enns.

The recent archaeological excavations on the Cathedral Square 2010/2011, in fact, the previous knowledge of St.Pölten colonization not have turned upside down but enriched by many details, whose full analysis and publication are expected in the near future.

Middle Ages

With the submission of the Avars by Charlemagne around 800 AD Christianity was gaining a foothold, the Bavarian Benedictine monastery of Tegernsee establishing a daughter house here - as founder are mentioned the brothers Adalbert and Ottokar - equipped with the relics of St. Hippolytus. The name St. Ypolit over the centuries should turn into Sankt Pölten. After the Hungarian wars and the resettlement of the monastery as Canons Regular of St. Augustine under the influence of Passau St. Pölten received mid-11th Century market rights.

In the second half of the 20th century historians stated that records in which the rights of citizens were held were to be qualified as Town Charters. Vienna is indeed already in 1137 as a city ("civitas") mentioned in a document, but the oldest Viennese city charter dates only from the year 1221, while the Bishop of Passau, Konrad, already in 1159 the St. Pöltnern secured:

A St. Pöltner citizen who has to answer to the court, has the right to make use of an "advocate".

He must not be forced to rid himself of the accusation by a judgment of God.

A St. Pöltner citizen may be convicted only by statements of fellow citizens, not by strangers.

From the 13th Century exercised a city judge appointed by the lord of the city the high and low jurisdiction as chairman of the council meetings and the Municipal Court, Inner and Outer Council supported him during the finding of justice. Venue for the public verdict was the in the 13th Century created new marketplace, the "Broad Market", now the town hall square. Originally square-shaped, it was only later to a rectangle reduced. Around it arose the market district, which together with the monastery district, the wood district and the Ledererviertel (quarter of the leather goods manufacturer) was protected by a double city wall.

The dependence of St. Pölten of the bishop of Passau is shown in the municipal coat of arms and the city seal. Based on the emblem of the heraldic animal of the Lord of the city, so the Bishop of Passau, it shows an upright standing wolf holding a crosier in its paw.

Modern Times

In the course of the armed conflict between the Emperor Frederick III . and King Matthias of Hungary pledged the Bishop of Passau the town on the Hungarian king. From 1485 stood Lower Austria as a whole under Hungarian rule. The most important document of this period is the awarding of the city coat of arms by King Matthias Corvinus in the year 1487. After the death of the opponents 1490 and 1493 could Frederick's son Maximilian reconquer Lower Austria. He considered St. Pölten as spoils of war and had no intention of returning it to the diocese of Passau. The city government has often been leased subsequently, for instance, to the family Wellenstein, and later to the families Trautson and Auersperg.

That St. Pölten now was a princely city, found its expression in the coat of arms letter of the King Ferdinand I. from 1538: From now on, the wolf had no crosier anymore, and the from the viewer's point of view left half showed the reverse Austrian shield, so silver-red-silver.

To the 16th Century also goes back the construction of St. Pöltner City Hall. The 1503 by judge and council acquired house was subsequently expanded, rebuilt, extended and provided with a tower.

A for the urban history research important picture, painted in 1623, has captured scenes of the peasant uprising of 1597, but also allows a view to the city and lets the viewer read some of the details of the then state of construction. The economic inconveniences of that time were only exacerbated by the Thirty Years War, at the end of which a fifth of the houses were uninhabited and the citizenry was impoverished.

Baroque

After the successful defense against the Turks in 1683, the economy started to recover and a significant building boom began. Lower Austria turned into the land of the baroque abbeys and monasteries, as it is familiar to us today.

In St. Pölten, the change of the cityscape is closely connected to the Baroque architect Jakob Prandtauer. In addition to the Baroquisation of the interior of the cathedral, a number of buildings in St. Pölten go to his account, so the reconstruction of the castle Ochsenburg, the erection of the Schwaighof and of the core building of the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Englische Fräuleins - English Maidens) - from 1706 the seat of the first school order of St.Pölten - as well as of several bourgeois houses.

Joseph Munggenast, nephew and co-worker of Prandtauer, completed the Baroquisation of the cathedral, he baroquised the facade of the town hall (1727) and numerous bourgeois houses and designed a bridge over the Traisen which existed until 1907. In the decoration of the church buildings were throughout Tyroleans collaborating, which Jakob Prandtauer had brought along from his homeland (Tyrol) to St. Pölten, for example, Paul Troger and Peter Widerin.

Maria Theresa and her son Joseph II: Their reforms in the city of the 18th Century also left a significant mark. School foundings as a result of compulsory education, the dissolution of the monasteries and hereinafter - from 1785 - the new role of St. Pölten as a bishop's seat are consequences of their policies.

1785 was also the year of a fundamental alteration of the old Council Constitution: The city judge was replaced by one magistrate consisting of five persons, at the head was a mayor. For the first mayor the painter Josef Hackl was chosen.

The 19th century

Despite the Napoleonic Wars - St. Pölten in 1805 and 1809 was occupied by the French - and despite the state bankruptcy of 1811, increased the number of businesses constantly, although the economic importance of the city for the time being did not go beyond the near vicinity.

Against the background of monitoring by the state secret police, which prevented any political commitment between the Congress of Vienna and the 1848 revolution, the citizens withdrew into private life. Sense of family, fostering of domestic music, prominent salon societies in which even a Franz Schubert socialized, or the construction of the city theater were visible signs of this attitude.

The economic upswing of the city did not begin until after the revolution of the year 1848. A prerequisite for this was the construction of the Empress Elisabeth Western Railway, moving Vienna, Linz, soon Salzburg, too, in a reachable distance. The city walls were pulled down, St. Pölten could unfold. The convenient traffic situation favored factory start-ups, and so arose a lace factory, a revolver factory, a soap factory or, for example, as a precursor of a future large-scale enterprise, the braid, ribbon and Strickgarnerzeugung (knitting yarn production) of Matthias Salcher in Harland.

In other areas, too, the Gründerzeit (years of rapid industrial expansion in Germany - and Austria) in Sankt Pölten was honouring its name: The city got schools, a hospital, gas lanterns, canalization, hot springs and summer bath.

The 20th century

At the beginning of the 20th Century the city experienced another burst of development, initiated by the construction of the power station in 1903, because electricity was the prerequisite for the settlement of large companies. In particular, the companies Voith and Glanzstoff and the main workshop of the Federal Railways attracted many workers. New Traisen bridge, tram, Mariazell Railway and other infrastructure buildings were erected; St. Pölten obtained a synagogue. The Art Nouveau made it repeatedly into the urban architecture - just think of the Olbrich House - and inspired also the painting, as exponents worth to be mentioned are Ernst Stöhr or Ferdinand Andri.

What the outbreak of the First World War in broad outlines meant for the monarchy, on a smaller scale also St. Pölten has felt. The city was heavily impacted by the deployment of army units, a POW camp, a military hospital and a sick bay. Industrial enterprises were partly converted into war production, partly closed. Unemployment, housing emergency and food shortages long after the war still were felt painfully.

The 1919 to mayor elected Social Democrat Hubert Schnofl after the war tried to raise the standard of living of the people by improving the social welfare and health care. The founding of a housing cooperative (Wohnungsgenossenschaft), the construction of the water line and the establishment of new factories were further attempts to stimulate the stiffening economy whose descent could not be stopped until 1932.

After the National Socialist regime had stirred false hopes and plunged the world into war, St. Pölten was no longer the city as it has been before. Not only the ten devastating bombings of the last year of the war had left its marks, also the restrictive persecution of Jews and political dissidents had torn holes in the structure of the population. Ten years of Russian occupation subsequently did the rest to traumatize the population, but at this time arose from the ruins a more modern St. Pölten, with the new Traisen bridge, district heating, schools.

This trend continued, an era of recovery and modernization made the economic miracle palpable. Already in 1972 was - even if largely as a result of incorporations - exceeded the 50.000-inhabitant-limit.

Elevation to capital status (capital of Lower Austria), 10 July 1986: No other event in this dimension could have become the booster detonation of an up to now ongoing development thrust. Since then in a big way new residential and commercial areas were opened up, built infrastructure constructions, schools and universities brought into being to enrich the educational landscape. East of the Old Town arose the governmental and cultural district, and the list of architects wears sonorous names such as Ernst Hoffmann (NÖ (Lower Austria) Landhaus; Klangturm), Klaus Kada (Festspielhaus), Hans Hollein (Shedhalle and Lower Austrian Provincial Museum), Karin Bily, Paul Katzberger and Michael Loudon ( NÖ State Library and NÖ State Archive).

European Diploma, European flag, badge of honor, Europe Price: Between 1996 and 2001, received St. Pölten numerous appreciations of its EU commitment - as a sort of recognition of the Council of Europe for the dissemination of the EU-idea through international town twinnings, a major Europe exhibition or, for example, the establishment and chair of the "Network of European medium-sized cities".

On the way into the 21st century

Just now happened and already history: What the St. Pöltnern as just experienced sticks in their minds, travelers and newcomers within a short time should be told. The theater and the hospital handing over to the province of Lower Austria, a new mayor always on the go, who was able to earn since 2004 already numerous laurels (Tags: polytechnic, downtown enhancement, building lease scheme, bus concept) - all the recent changes are just now condensed into spoken and written language in order to make, from now on, the history of the young provincial capital in the 3rd millennium nachlesbar (checkable).

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herz-Jesu-Kirche_(St._P%C3%B6lten)

www.st-poelten.gv.at/Content.Node/freizeit-kultur/kultur/..</

+++ DISCLAIMER +++

Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based on historical facts. BEWARE!

Some background:

The CAC Sabre, sometimes known as the Avon Sabre or CA-27, was an Australian variant of the North American Aviation F-86F Sabre fighter aircraft. In 1951, Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation obtained a license agreement to build the F-86F Sabre. In a major departure from the North American blueprint, it was decided that the CA-27 would be powered by a license-built version of the Rolls-Royce Avon R.A.7, rather than the General Electric J47. In theory, the Avon was capable of more than double the maximum thrust and double the thrust-to-weight ratio of the US engine. This necessitated a re-design of the fuselage, as the Avon was shorter, wider and lighter than the J47.

The CAC 27 Mk 41s’ last carrier operations took place in 1981 in the course of Melbourne’s involvements in two major exercises, Sea Hawk and Kangaroo 81, the ship’s final missions at sea. After Melbourne was decommissioned in 1984, the Fleet Air Arm ceased fixed-wing combat aircraft operation. This was the operational end of the Sabre Mk 41, which had reached the end of their airframe lifetime, and the Sea Sabre fleet had, during its career, severely suffered from accidents and losses: upon retirement, only eight of the original twenty-two aircraft still existed in flightworthy condition, so that the aircraft were all scrapped. The younger RAN A-4Gs were eventually sold to New Zealand, where they were kept in service until 2002.

General characteristics:

Crew: 1

Length: 37 ft 6 in (11.43 m)

Wingspan: 37 ft 1 in (11.3 m)

Height: 14 ft 5 in (4.39 m)

Wing area: 302.3 sq ft (28.1 m²)

Empty weight: 12,000 lb (5,443 kg)

Loaded weight: 16,000 lb (7,256 kg)

Max. takeoff weight: 21,210 lb (9,621 kg)

Powerplant:

1× Rolls-Royce Avon 208A turbojet engine with 8,200 lbf (36.44 kN)

Performance:

Maximum speed: 700 mph (1,100 km/h) (605 knots)

Range: 1,153 mi, (1,000 NM, 1,850 km)

Service ceiling: 52,000 ft (15,850 m)

Rate of climb: 12,000 ft/min at sea level (61 m/s)

Armament:

2× 30 mm ADEN cannons with 150 rounds per gun

5,300 lb (2,400 kg) of payload on six external hardpoints;

Bombs were usually mounted on outer two pylons as the mid pair were wet-plumbed pylons for

2× 200 gallons drop tanks, while the inner pair was usually occupied by a pair of AIM-9 Sidewinder

AAMs

A wide variety of bombs could be carried with maximum standard loadout being 2x 1,000 lb bombs

or 2x Matra pods with unguided SURA missiles plus 2 drop tanks for ground attacks, or 2x AIM-9 plus

two drop tanks as day fighter

The kit and its assembly:

This project was initially inspired by a set of decals from an ESCI A-4G which I had bought in a lot – I wondered if I could use it for a submission to the “In the navy” group build at whatifmodelers.com in early 2020. I considered an FJ-3M in Australian colors on this basis and had stashed away a Sword kit of that aircraft for this purpose. However, I had already built an FJ variant for the GB (a kitbashed mix of an F-86D and an FJ-4B in USMC colors), and was reluctant to add another Fury.

This spontaneously changed after (thanks to Corona virus quarantine…) I cleaned up one of my kit hoards and found a conversion set for a 1:72 CAC 27 from JAYS Model Kits which I had bought eons ago without a concrete plan. That was the eventual trigger to spin the RAN Fury idea further – why not a navalized version of the Avon Sabre for HMAS Melbourne?

The result is either another kitbash or a highly modified FJ-3M from Sword. The JAYS Model Kits set comes with a THICK sprue that carries two fuselage halves and an air intake, and it also offers a vacu canopy as a thin fallback option because the set is actually intended to be used together with a Hobby Craft F-86F.

While the parts, molded in a somewhat waxy and brittle styrene, look crude on the massive sprue, the fuselage halves come with very fine recessed engravings. And once you have cleaned the parts (NOTHING for people faint at heart, a mini drill with a saw blade is highly recommended), their fit is surprisingly good. The air intake was so exact that no putty was needed to blend it with the rest of the fuselage.

The rest came from the Sword kit and integrating the parts into the CAC 27 fuselage went more smoothly than expected. For instance, the FJ-3M comes with a nice cockpit tub that also holds a full air intake duct. Thanks to the slightly wider fuselage of the CAC 27, it could be mounted into the new fuselage halves without problems and the intake duct almost perfectly matches the intake frame from the conversion set. The tailpipe could be easily integrated without any mods, too. The fins had to be glued directly to the fuselage – but this is the way how the Sword kit is actually constructed! Even the FJ-3M’s wings match the different fuselage perfectly. The only modifications I had to make is a slight enlargement of the ventral wing opening at the front and at the read in order to take the deeper wing element from the Sword kit, but that was an easy task. Once in place, the parts blend almost perfectly into each other, just minor PSR was necessary to hide the seams!

Other mods include an extended front wheel well for the longer leg from the FJ-3M and a scratched arrester hook installation, made from wire, which is on purpose different from the Y-shaped hook of the Furies.

For the canopy I relied on the vacu piece that came with the JAYS set. Fitting it was not easy, though, it took some PSR to blend the windscreen into the rest of the fuselage. Not perfect, but O.K. for such a solution from a conversion set.

The underwing pylons were taken from the Sword kit, including the early Sidewinders. I just replaced the drop tanks – the OOB tanks are very wide, and even though they might be authentic for the FJ-3, I was skeptical if they fit at all under the wings with the landing gear extended? In order to avoid trouble and for a more modern look, I replaced them outright with more slender tanks, which were to mimic A-4 tanks (USN FJ-4s frequently carried Skyhawk tanks). They actually come from a Revell F-16 kit, with modified fins. The refueling probe comes from the Sword kit.

A last word about the Sword kit: much light, but also much shadow. While I appreciate the fine surface engravings, the recognizably cambered wings, a detailed cockpit with a two-piece resin seat and a pretty landing gear as well as the long air intake, I wonder why the creators totally failed to provide ANY detail of the arrester hook (there is literally nothing, as if this was a land-based Sabre variant!?) or went for doubtful solutions like a front landing gear that consists of five(!) single, tiny parts? Sadism? The resin seat was also broken (despite being packed in a seperate bag), and it did not fit into the cockpit tub at all. Meh!

Painting and markings:

From the start I planned to give the model the late RAN A-4Gs’ unique air superiority paint scheme, which was AFAIK introduced in the late Seventies: a two-tone wraparound scheme consisting of “Light Admiralty Grey” (BS381C 697) and “Aircraft Grey” (BS 381C 693). Quite simple, but finding suitable paints was not an easy task, and I based my choice on pictures of the real aircraft (esp. from "buzz" number 880 at the Fleet Air Arm Museum, you find pics of it with very good light condition) rather than rely on (pretty doubtful if not contradictive) recommendations in various painting instructions from models or decal sets.

I wanted to keep things simple and settled upon Dark Gull Grey (FS 36231) and Light Blue (FS 35414), both enamel colors from Modelmaster, since both are rather dull interpretations of these tones. Esp. the Light Blue comes quite close to Light Admiralty Grey, even though it should be lighter for more contrast to the darker grey tone. But it has that subtle greenish touch of the original BS tone, and I did not want to mix the colors.

The pattern was adapted from the late A-4Gs’ scheme, and the colors were dulled down even more through a light black ink wash. Some post-shading with lighter tones emphasized the contrast between the two colors again. And while it is not an exact representation of the unique RAN air superiority scheme, I think that the overall impression is there.

The cockpit interior was painted in very dark grey, while the landing gear, its wells and the inside of the air intake became white. A red rim was painted around the front opening, and the landing gear covers received a red outline, too. The white drop tanks are a detail I took from real world RAN A-4Gs - in the early days of the air superiority scheme, the tanks were frequently still finished in the old USN style livery, hence the white body but fins and tail section already in the updated colors.

The decals became a fight, though. As mentioned above, the came from an ESCI kit – and, as expected, the were brittle. All decals with a clear carrier film disintegrated while soaking in water, only those with a fully printed carrier film were more or less usable. One roundel broke and had to be repaired, and the checkered fin flash was a very delicate affair that broke several times, even though I tried to save and repair it with paint. But you can unfortunately see the damage.

Most stencils and some replacements (e. g. the “Navy” tag) come from the Sword FJ-3. While these decals are crisply printed, their carrier film is utterly thin, so thin that applying esp. the larger decals turned out to be hazardous and complicated. Another point that did not really convince me about the Sword kit.

Finally, the kit was sealed with matt acrylic varnish (Italeri) and some soot stains were added around the exhaust and the gun ports with graphite.

In the end, this build looks, despite the troubles and the rather exotic ingredients like a relatively simple Sabre with Australian markings, just with a different Navy livery. You neither immediately recognize the FJ-3 behind it, nor the Avon Sabre’s bigger fuselage, unless you take a close and probably educated look. Very subtle, though.

The RAN air superiority scheme from the late Skyhawks suits the Sabre/Fury-thing well – I like the fact that it is a modern fighter scheme, but, thanks to the tones and the colorful other markings, not as dull and boring like many others, e. g. the contemporary USN "Ghost" scheme. Made me wonder about an early RAAF F-18 in this livery - should look very pretty, too?

Town hall

Object ID: 22661 Rathausplatz 1

The first mention as a town hall is found in 1503, the then purchased house was the eastern half of the present building. The western half was acquired in 1567 and joined in the following years to the present building. The octagonal hall tower which originally served as a granary and armory was completed in 1591. The present Baroque appearance the Town Hall got in the first half of the 18th Century, 1727 Joseph Munggenast designed the facade completely new.

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_der_denkmalgesch%C3%BCtzten_O...(Stadtteil)

(further information is available by clicking on the link at the end of page!)

History of the City St. Pölten

In order to present concise history of the Lower Austrian capital is in the shop of the city museum a richly illustrated full version on CD-ROM.

Tip

On the occasion of the commemoration of the pogroms of November 1938, the Institute for Jewish History of Austria its virtual Memorbuch (Memory book) for the destroyed St. Pölten Jewish community since 10th November 2012 is putting online.

Prehistory

The time from which there is no written record is named after the main materials used for tools and weapons: Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age. Using the latest technologies, archaeologists from archaeological finds and aerial photographs can trace a fairly detailed picture of life at that time. Especially for the time from the settling down of the People (New Stone Age), now practicing agriculture and animal husbandry, in the territory of St. Pölten lively settlement activity can be proved. In particular, cemeteries are important for the research, because the dead were laid in the grave everyday objects and jewelry, the forms of burial changing over time - which in turn gives the archeology valuable clues for the temporal determination. At the same time, prehistory of Sankt Pölten would not be half as good documented without the construction of the expressway S33 and other large buildings, where millions of cubic meters of earth were moved - under the watchful eyes of the Federal Monuments Office!

A final primeval chapter characterized the Celts, who settled about 450 BC our area and in addition to a new culture and religion also brought with them the potter's wheel. The kingdom of Noricum influenced till the penetration of the Romans the development in our area.

Roman period, migrations

The Romans conquered in 15 BC the Celtic Empire and established hereinafter the Roman province of Noricum. Borders were protected by military camp (forts), in the hinterland emerged civilian cities, almost all systematically laid out according to the same plan. The civil and commercial city Aelium Cetium, as St. Pölten was called (city law 121/122), consisted in the 4th Century already of heated stone houses, trade and craft originated thriving urban life, before the Romans in the first third of the 5th Century retreated to Italy.

The subsequent period went down as the Migration Period in official historiography, for which the settlement of the Sankt Pöltner downtown can not be proved. Cemeteries witness the residence of the Lombards in our area, later it was the Avars, extending their empire to the Enns.

The recent archaeological excavations on the Cathedral Square 2010/2011, in fact, the previous knowledge of St.Pölten colonization not have turned upside down but enriched by many details, whose full analysis and publication are expected in the near future.

Middle Ages

With the submission of the Avars by Charlemagne around 800 AD Christianity was gaining a foothold, the Bavarian Benedictine monastery of Tegernsee establishing a daughter house here - as founder are mentioned the brothers Adalbert and Ottokar - equipped with the relics of St. Hippolytus. The name St. Ypolit over the centuries should turn into Sankt Pölten. After the Hungarian wars and the resettlement of the monastery as Canons Regular of St. Augustine under the influence of Passau St. Pölten received mid-11th Century market rights.

In the second half of the 20th century historians stated that records in which the rights of citizens were held were to be qualified as Town Charters. Vienna is indeed already in 1137 as a city ("civitas") mentioned in a document, but the oldest Viennese city charter dates only from the year 1221, while the Bishop of Passau, Konrad, already in 1159 the St. Pöltnern secured:

A St. Pöltner citizen who has to answer to the court, has the right to make use of an "advocate".

He must not be forced to rid himself of the accusation by a judgment of God.

A St. Pöltner citizen may be convicted only by statements of fellow citizens, not by strangers.

From the 13th Century exercised a city judge appointed by the lord of the city the high and low jurisdiction as chairman of the council meetings and the Municipal Court, Inner and Outer Council supported him during the finding of justice. Venue for the public verdict was the in the 13th Century created new marketplace, the "Broad Market", now the town hall square. Originally square-shaped, it was only later to a rectangle reduced. Around it arose the market district, which together with the monastery district, the wood district and the Ledererviertel (quarter of the leather goods manufacturer) was protected by a double city wall.

The dependence of St. Pölten of the bishop of Passau is shown in the municipal coat of arms and the city seal. Based on the emblem of the heraldic animal of the Lord of the city, so the Bishop of Passau, it shows an upright standing wolf holding a crosier in its paw.

Modern Times

In the course of the armed conflict between the Emperor Frederick III . and King Matthias of Hungary pledged the Bishop of Passau the town on the Hungarian king. From 1485 stood Lower Austria as a whole under Hungarian rule. The most important document of this period is the awarding of the city coat of arms by King Matthias Corvinus in the year 1487. After the death of the opponents 1490 and 1493 could Frederick's son Maximilian reconquer Lower Austria. He considered St. Pölten as spoils of war and had no intention of returning it to the diocese of Passau. The city government has often been leased subsequently, for instance, to the family Wellenstein, and later to the families Trautson and Auersperg.

That St. Pölten now was a princely city, found its expression in the coat of arms letter of the King Ferdinand I. from 1538: From now on, the wolf had no crosier anymore, and the from the viewer's point of view left half showed the reverse Austrian shield, so silver-red-silver.

To the 16th Century also goes back the construction of St. Pöltner City Hall. The 1503 by judge and council acquired house was subsequently expanded, rebuilt, extended and provided with a tower.

A for the urban history research important picture, painted in 1623, has captured scenes of the peasant uprising of 1597, but also allows a view to the city and lets the viewer read some of the details of the then state of construction. The economic inconveniences of that time were only exacerbated by the Thirty Years War, at the end of which a fifth of the houses were uninhabited and the citizenry was impoverished.

Baroque

After the successful defense against the Turks in 1683, the economy started to recover and a significant building boom began. Lower Austria turned into the land of the baroque abbeys and monasteries, as it is familiar to us today.

In St. Pölten, the change of the cityscape is closely connected to the Baroque architect Jakob Prandtauer. In addition to the Baroquisation of the interior of the cathedral, a number of buildings in St. Pölten go to his account, so the reconstruction of the castle Ochsenburg, the erection of the Schwaighof and of the core building of the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Englische Fräuleins - English Maidens) - from 1706 the seat of the first school order of St.Pölten - as well as of several bourgeois houses.

Joseph Munggenast, nephew and co-worker of Prandtauer, completed the Baroquisation of the cathedral, he baroquised the facade of the town hall (1727) and numerous bourgeois houses and designed a bridge over the Traisen which existed until 1907. In the decoration of the church buildings were throughout Tyroleans collaborating, which Jakob Prandtauer had brought along from his homeland (Tyrol) to St. Pölten, for example, Paul Troger and Peter Widerin.

Maria Theresa and her son Joseph II: Their reforms in the city of the 18th Century also left a significant mark. School foundings as a result of compulsory education, the dissolution of the monasteries and hereinafter - from 1785 - the new role of St. Pölten as a bishop's seat are consequences of their policies.

1785 was also the year of a fundamental alteration of the old Council Constitution: The city judge was replaced by one magistrate consisting of five persons, at the head was a mayor. For the first mayor the painter Josef Hackl was chosen.

The 19th century

Despite the Napoleonic Wars - St. Pölten in 1805 and 1809 was occupied by the French - and despite the state bankruptcy of 1811, increased the number of businesses constantly, although the economic importance of the city for the time being did not go beyond the near vicinity.

Against the background of monitoring by the state secret police, which prevented any political commitment between the Congress of Vienna and the 1848 revolution, the citizens withdrew into private life. Sense of family, fostering of domestic music, prominent salon societies in which even a Franz Schubert socialized, or the construction of the city theater were visible signs of this attitude.

The economic upswing of the city did not begin until after the revolution of the year 1848. A prerequisite for this was the construction of the Empress Elisabeth Western Railway, moving Vienna, Linz, soon Salzburg, too, in a reachable distance. The city walls were pulled down, St. Pölten could unfold. The convenient traffic situation favored factory start-ups, and so arose a lace factory, a revolver factory, a soap factory or, for example, as a precursor of a future large-scale enterprise, the braid, ribbon and Strickgarnerzeugung (knitting yarn production) of Matthias Salcher in Harland.

In other areas, too, the Gründerzeit (years of rapid industrial expansion in Germany - and Austria) in Sankt Pölten was honouring its name: The city got schools, a hospital, gas lanterns, canalization, hot springs and summer bath.

The 20th century

At the beginning of the 20th Century the city experienced another burst of development, initiated by the construction of the power station in 1903, because electricity was the prerequisite for the settlement of large companies. In particular, the companies Voith and Glanzstoff and the main workshop of the Federal Railways attracted many workers. New Traisen bridge, tram, Mariazell Railway and other infrastructure buildings were erected; St. Pölten obtained a synagogue. The Art Nouveau made it repeatedly into the urban architecture - just think of the Olbrich House - and inspired also the painting, as exponents worth to be mentioned are Ernst Stöhr or Ferdinand Andri.

What the outbreak of the First World War in broad outlines meant for the monarchy, on a smaller scale also St. Pölten has felt. The city was heavily impacted by the deployment of army units, a POW camp, a military hospital and a sick bay. Industrial enterprises were partly converted into war production, partly closed. Unemployment, housing emergency and food shortages long after the war still were felt painfully.

The 1919 to mayor elected Social Democrat Hubert Schnofl after the war tried to raise the standard of living of the people by improving the social welfare and health care. The founding of a housing cooperative (Wohnungsgenossenschaft), the construction of the water line and the establishment of new factories were further attempts to stimulate the stiffening economy whose descent could not be stopped until 1932.

After the National Socialist regime had stirred false hopes and plunged the world into war, St. Pölten was no longer the city as it has been before. Not only the ten devastating bombings of the last year of the war had left its marks, also the restrictive persecution of Jews and political dissidents had torn holes in the structure of the population. Ten years of Russian occupation subsequently did the rest to traumatize the population, but at this time arose from the ruins a more modern St. Pölten, with the new Traisen bridge, district heating, schools.

This trend continued, an era of recovery and modernization made the economic miracle palpable. Already in 1972 was - even if largely as a result of incorporations - exceeded the 50.000-inhabitant-limit.

Elevation to capital status (capital of Lower Austria), 10 July 1986: No other event in this dimension could have become the booster detonation of an up to now ongoing development thrust. Since then in a big way new residential and commercial areas were opened up, built infrastructure constructions, schools and universities brought into being to enrich the educational landscape. East of the Old Town arose the governmental and cultural district, and the list of architects wears sonorous names such as Ernst Hoffmann (NÖ (Lower Austria) Landhaus; Klangturm), Klaus Kada (Festspielhaus), Hans Hollein (Shedhalle and Lower Austrian Provincial Museum), Karin Bily, Paul Katzberger and Michael Loudon ( NÖ State Library and NÖ State Archive).

European Diploma, European flag, badge of honor, Europe Price: Between 1996 and 2001, received St. Pölten numerous appreciations of its EU commitment - as a sort of recognition of the Council of Europe for the dissemination of the EU-idea through international town twinnings, a major Europe exhibition or, for example, the establishment and chair of the "Network of European medium-sized cities".

On the way into the 21st century

Just now happened and already history: What the St. Pöltnern as just experienced sticks in their minds, travelers and newcomers within a short time should be told. The theater and the hospital handing over to the province of Lower Austria, a new mayor always on the go, who was able to earn since 2004 already numerous laurels (Tags: polytechnic, downtown enhancement, building lease scheme, bus concept) - all the recent changes are just now condensed into spoken and written language in order to make, from now on, the history of the young provincial capital in the 3rd millennium nachlesbar (checkable).

www.st-poelten.gv.at/Content.Node/freizeit-kultur/kultur/...

CeBIT Australia 2016 is one of the platform which is loved by all the tech giants. You can find all the latest and future possibilities in technology at CeBIT Australia 2016. This year the main focus of CeBITAus are in sectors like, eGovernment, eHealth, Big Data and Cloud, Internet of Things, Digital Marketing, Virtual Reality, Finance Technology (FinTech), etc. One of the innovative IT solutions and service provider company CDN Software Solutions will present the latest work of all these technologies. So what you are waiting for, avail your free pass now to attend this mega IT show: - www.cdnsol.com/events/cebit-australia-2016/

HYPERFORGED HF-C10

Disk finish：Brushed AnodizedBronze

Rim finish：AnodizeBronze

F： 9.5J×20 SemiConcave　

R：12.5J×21 DeepConcave　

Pirelli P Zero

F：265/30/20　 R：355/25/21

Lamborghini Aventador LP700-4

Perfomance rest assured HYPERFORGED is utilizing the latest technology

and made entirely in the　JAPAN． HYPER FORGED www.hyperforgedwheels.com

HYPERFORGED HF-C7

Disk finish：Brushed AnodizedBlack

Rim finish：AnodizeBlack

F： 9.5J×20 SemiConcave　

R：11.5J×20 DeepConcave　

Yokohama ADVAN Sport

F：255/30/20　 R：305/25/20

MERCEDES SLR McLAREN

Perfomance rest assured HYPERFORGED is utilizing the latest technology

and made entirely in the　JAPAN． HYPER FORGED www.hyperforgedwheels.com

In this image we see laptops in use during a teaching session. A ceiling mounted projector, an electronic smart board and a white board are also shown. The room is well lit with both artificial and natural lighting. The tables are arranged in a circular way maximising visibility between the students and teacher. Specialist equipment is on hand incorporating the latest technology.

Gemeinde: Sankt Pölten

Kategorie: Gedenktafeln, -steine an Objekten oder freistehend | Erinnerungsmale | Personengedenkmale

Zeitkategorie: 20. Jahrhundert, 2. Hälfte

Beschreibung:

Jakob Prandtauer (* 16. Juli 1660 (Taufdatum) in Stanz bei Landeck (Tirol); † 16. September 1726 in St. Pölten) gilt als einer der bedeutendsten österreichischen Barockbaumeister und Architekten. Als sein Hauptwerk gilt das Stift Melk, an dem er ab 1701 bis zu seinem Lebensende arbeitete. Das Denkmal wurde von der Porr zum Jubiläum 1976 errichtet und besteht aus lauter dünnen Betonteilen, die zu einem Hologramm zusammengesetzt sind.

History of the City St. Pölten

In order to present concise history of the Lower Austrian capital is in the shop of the city museum a richly illustrated full version on CD-ROM.

Tip

On the occasion of the commemoration of the pogroms of November 1938, the Institute for Jewish History of Austria its virtual Memorbuch (Memory book) for the destroyed St. Pölten Jewish community since 10th November 2012 is putting online.

Prehistory

The time from which there is no written record is named after the main materials used for tools and weapons: Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age. Using the latest technologies, archaeologists from archaeological finds and aerial photographs can trace a fairly detailed picture of life at that time. Especially for the time from the settling down of the People (New Stone Age), now practicing agriculture and animal husbandry, in the territory of St. Pölten lively settlement activity can be proved. In particular, cemeteries are important for the research, because the dead were laid in the grave everyday objects and jewelry, the forms of burial changing over time - which in turn gives the archeology valuable clues for the temporal determination. At the same time, prehistory of Sankt Pölten would not be half as good documented without the construction of the expressway S33 and other large buildings, where millions of cubic meters of earth were moved - under the watchful eyes of the Federal Monuments Office!

A final primeval chapter characterized the Celts, who settled about 450 BC our area and in addition to a new culture and religion also brought with them the potter's wheel. The kingdom of Noricum influenced till the penetration of the Romans the development in our area.

Roman period, migrations

The Romans conquered in 15 BC the Celtic Empire and established hereinafter the Roman province of Noricum. Borders were protected by military camp (forts), in the hinterland emerged civilian cities, almost all systematically laid out according to the same plan. The civil and commercial city Aelium Cetium, as St. Pölten was called (city law 121/122), consisted in the 4th Century already of heated stone houses, trade and craft originated thriving urban life, before the Romans in the first third of the 5th Century retreated to Italy.

The subsequent period went down as the Migration Period in official historiography, for which the settlement of the Sankt Pöltner downtown can not be proved. Cemeteries witness the residence of the Lombards in our area, later it was the Avars, extending their empire to the Enns.

The recent archaeological excavations on the Cathedral Square 2010/2011, in fact, the previous knowledge of St.Pölten colonization not have turned upside down but enriched by many details, whose full analysis and publication are expected in the near future.

Middle Ages

With the submission of the Avars by Charlemagne around 800 AD Christianity was gaining a foothold, the Bavarian Benedictine monastery of Tegernsee establishing a daughter house here - as founder are mentioned the brothers Adalbert and Ottokar - equipped with the relics of St. Hippolytus. The name St. Ypolit over the centuries should turn into Sankt Pölten. After the Hungarian wars and the resettlement of the monastery as Canons Regular of St. Augustine under the influence of Passau St. Pölten received mid-11th Century market rights.

In the second half of the 20th century historians stated that records in which the rights of citizens were held were to be qualified as Town Charters. Vienna is indeed already in 1137 as a city ("civitas") mentioned in a document, but the oldest Viennese city charter dates only from the year 1221, while the Bishop of Passau, Konrad, already in 1159 the St. Pöltnern secured:

A St. Pöltner citizen who has to answer to the court, has the right to make use of an "advocate".

He must not be forced to rid himself of the accusation by a judgment of God.

A St. Pöltner citizen may be convicted only by statements of fellow citizens, not by strangers.

From the 13th Century exercised a city judge appointed by the lord of the city the high and low jurisdiction as chairman of the council meetings and the Municipal Court, Inner and Outer Council supported him during the finding of justice. Venue for the public verdict was the in the 13th Century created new marketplace, the "Broad Market", now the town hall square. Originally square-shaped, it was only later to a rectangle reduced. Around it arose the market district, which together with the monastery district, the wood district and the Ledererviertel (quarter of the leather goods manufacturer) was protected by a double city wall.

The dependence of St. Pölten of the bishop of Passau is shown in the municipal coat of arms and the city seal. Based on the emblem of the heraldic animal of the Lord of the city, so the Bishop of Passau, it shows an upright standing wolf holding a crosier in its paw.

Modern Times

In the course of the armed conflict between the Emperor Frederick III . and King Matthias of Hungary pledged the Bishop of Passau the town on the Hungarian king. From 1485 stood Lower Austria as a whole under Hungarian rule. The most important document of this period is the awarding of the city coat of arms by King Matthias Corvinus in the year 1487. After the death of the opponents 1490 and 1493 could Frederick's son Maximilian reconquer Lower Austria. He considered St. Pölten as spoils of war and had no intention of returning it to the diocese of Passau. The city government has often been leased subsequently, for instance, to the family Wellenstein, and later to the families Trautson and Auersperg.

That St. Pölten now was a princely city, found its expression in the coat of arms letter of the King Ferdinand I. from 1538: From now on, the wolf had no crosier anymore, and the from the viewer's point of view left half showed the reverse Austrian shield, so silver-red-silver.

To the 16th Century also goes back the construction of St. Pöltner City Hall. The 1503 by judge and council acquired house was subsequently expanded, rebuilt, extended and provided with a tower.

A for the urban history research important picture, painted in 1623, has captured scenes of the peasant uprising of 1597, but also allows a view to the city and lets the viewer read some of the details of the then state of construction. The economic inconveniences of that time were only exacerbated by the Thirty Years War, at the end of which a fifth of the houses were uninhabited and the citizenry was impoverished.

Baroque

After the successful defense against the Turks in 1683, the economy started to recover and a significant building boom began. Lower Austria turned into the land of the baroque abbeys and monasteries, as it is familiar to us today.

In St. Pölten, the change of the cityscape is closely connected to the Baroque architect Jakob Prandtauer. In addition to the Baroquisation of the interior of the cathedral, a number of buildings in St. Pölten go to his account, so the reconstruction of the castle Ochsenburg, the erection of the Schwaighof and of the core building of the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Englische Fräuleins - English Maidens) - from 1706 the seat of the first school order of St.Pölten - as well as of several bourgeois houses.

Joseph Munggenast, nephew and co-worker of Prandtauer, completed the Baroquisation of the cathedral, he baroquised the facade of the town hall (1727) and numerous bourgeois houses and designed a bridge over the Traisen which existed until 1907. In the decoration of the church buildings were throughout Tyroleans collaborating, which Jakob Prandtauer had brought along from his homeland (Tyrol) to St. Pölten, for example, Paul Troger and Peter Widerin.

Maria Theresa and her son Joseph II: Their reforms in the city of the 18th Century also left a significant mark. School foundings as a result of compulsory education, the dissolution of the monasteries and hereinafter - from 1785 - the new role of St. Pölten as a bishop's seat are consequences of their policies.

1785 was also the year of a fundamental alteration of the old Council Constitution: The city judge was replaced by one magistrate consisting of five persons, at the head was a mayor. For the first mayor the painter Josef Hackl was chosen.

The 19th century

Despite the Napoleonic Wars - St. Pölten in 1805 and 1809 was occupied by the French - and despite the state bankruptcy of 1811, increased the number of businesses constantly, although the economic importance of the city for the time being did not go beyond the near vicinity.

Against the background of monitoring by the state secret police, which prevented any political commitment between the Congress of Vienna and the 1848 revolution, the citizens withdrew into private life. Sense of family, fostering of domestic music, prominent salon societies in which even a Franz Schubert socialized, or the construction of the city theater were visible signs of this attitude.

The economic upswing of the city did not begin until after the revolution of the year 1848. A prerequisite for this was the construction of the Empress Elisabeth Western Railway, moving Vienna, Linz, soon Salzburg, too, in a reachable distance. The city walls were pulled down, St. Pölten could unfold. The convenient traffic situation favored factory start-ups, and so arose a lace factory, a revolver factory, a soap factory or, for example, as a precursor of a future large-scale enterprise, the braid, ribbon and Strickgarnerzeugung (knitting yarn production) of Matthias Salcher in Harland.

In other areas, too, the Gründerzeit (years of rapid industrial expansion in Germany - and Austria) in Sankt Pölten was honouring its name: The city got schools, a hospital, gas lanterns, canalization, hot springs and summer bath.

The 20th century

At the beginning of the 20th Century the city experienced another burst of development, initiated by the construction of the power station in 1903, because electricity was the prerequisite for the settlement of large companies. In particular, the companies Voith and Glanzstoff and the main workshop of the Federal Railways attracted many workers. New Traisen bridge, tram, Mariazell Railway and other infrastructure buildings were erected; St. Pölten obtained a synagogue. The Art Nouveau made it repeatedly into the urban architecture - just think of the Olbrich House - and inspired also the painting, as exponents worth to be mentioned are Ernst Stöhr or Ferdinand Andri.

What the outbreak of the First World War in broad outlines meant for the monarchy, on a smaller scale also St. Pölten has felt. The city was heavily impacted by the deployment of army units, a POW camp, a military hospital and a sick bay. Industrial enterprises were partly converted into war production, partly closed. Unemployment, housing emergency and food shortages long after the war still were felt painfully.

The 1919 to mayor elected Social Democrat Hubert Schnofl after the war tried to raise the standard of living of the people by improving the social welfare and health care. The founding of a housing cooperative (Wohnungsgenossenschaft), the construction of the water line and the establishment of new factories were further attempts to stimulate the stiffening economy whose descent could not be stopped until 1932.

After the National Socialist regime had stirred false hopes and plunged the world into war, St. Pölten was no longer the city as it has been before. Not only the ten devastating bombings of the last year of the war had left its marks, also the restrictive persecution of Jews and political dissidents had torn holes in the structure of the population. Ten years of Russian occupation subsequently did the rest to traumatize the population, but at this time arose from the ruins a more modern St. Pölten, with the new Traisen bridge, district heating, schools.

This trend continued, an era of recovery and modernization made the economic miracle palpable. Already in 1972 was - even if largely as a result of incorporations - exceeded the 50.000-inhabitant-limit.

Elevation to capital status (capital of Lower Austria), 10 July 1986: No other event in this dimension could have become the booster detonation of an up to now ongoing development thrust. Since then in a big way new residential and commercial areas were opened up, built infrastructure constructions, schools and universities brought into being to enrich the educational landscape. East of the Old Town arose the governmental and cultural district, and the list of architects wears sonorous names such as Ernst Hoffmann (NÖ (Lower Austria) Landhaus; Klangturm), Klaus Kada (Festspielhaus), Hans Hollein (Shedhalle and Lower Austrian Provincial Museum), Karin Bily, Paul Katzberger and Michael Loudon ( NÖ State Library and NÖ State Archive).

European Diploma, European flag, badge of honor, Europe Price: Between 1996 and 2001, received St. Pölten numerous appreciations of its EU commitment - as a sort of recognition of the Council of Europe for the dissemination of the EU-idea through international town twinnings, a major Europe exhibition or, for example, the establishment and chair of the "Network of European medium-sized cities".

On the way into the 21st century

Just now happened and already history: What the St. Pöltnern as just experienced sticks in their minds, travelers and newcomers within a short time should be told. The theater and the hospital handing over to the province of Lower Austria, a new mayor always on the go, who was able to earn since 2004 already numerous laurels (Tags: polytechnic, downtown enhancement, building lease scheme, bus concept) - all the recent changes are just now condensed into spoken and written language in order to make, from now on, the history of the young provincial capital in the 3rd millennium nachlesbar (checkable).

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom_zu_St._P%C3%B6lten

www.st-poelten.gv.at/Content.Node/freizeit-kultur/kultur/...

marterl.at/index.php?id=23&no_cache=1&oid=13152#....

Sinterix is the leading service provider of home phone, Internet, VOIP, IPTV and television services. In our phone services, we provide 3 way calling, 911 services, call forwarding, call waiting and more. We offer long distance calls at lowest price. To know more about plans, you can call us at +(647) 793 8258 or visit online at www.sinterix.ca/Home-Phone.html

Check out the newest additions to Olympus' award-winning camera line-up. Featuring the latest technologies to capture your stories, these new products are available to order right now. olym.ps/0ggiqJ

Parish Church to the Holy Trinity and Franciscan Monastery

Object ID: 20593 Town Square 12

The late Baroque building, taking up the whole north side of the town square, is dominated by the Rococo façade. 1707 the Carmelite order at the request of the benefactor, Maria Antonia Montecuculi, settled down in St. Pölten, at the north side of the square the men convent should find its place. Although architect's plan and financial resources were available, was the start of construction not until 1757, there was missing the planning permission of Empress Maria Theresa. The church then was built to 1768 according to plans by Johann Pauli, the monastery was completed in 1773. Yet 10 years later, the monastery by Emperor Joseph II was repealed. Because of its strategic location, the church in 1785 became parish church, the pastoral care took over the by the dissolutions not affected Franciscan Order.

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denkmalgesch%C3%BCtzte_Objekte_in_S...

(further information is available by clicking on the link at the end of page!)

History of the City St. Pölten

In order to present concise history of the Lower Austrian capital is in the shop of the city museum a richly illustrated full version on CD-ROM.

Tip

On the occasion of the commemoration of the pogroms of November 1938, the Institute for Jewish History of Austria its virtual Memorbuch (Memory book) for the destroyed St. Pölten Jewish community since 10th November 2012 is putting online.

Prehistory

The time from which there is no written record is named after the main materials used for tools and weapons: Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age. Using the latest technologies, archaeologists from archaeological finds and aerial photographs can trace a fairly detailed picture of life at that time. Especially for the time from the settling down of the People (New Stone Age), now practicing agriculture and animal husbandry, in the territory of St. Pölten lively settlement activity can be proved. In particular, cemeteries are important for the research, because the dead were laid in the grave everyday objects and jewelry, the forms of burial changing over time - which in turn gives the archeology valuable clues for the temporal determination. At the same time, prehistory of Sankt Pölten would not be half as good documented without the construction of the expressway S33 and other large buildings, where millions of cubic meters of earth were moved - under the watchful eyes of the Federal Monuments Office!

A final primeval chapter characterized the Celts, who settled about 450 BC our area and in addition to a new culture and religion also brought with them the potter's wheel. The kingdom of Noricum influenced till the penetration of the Romans the development in our area.

Roman period, migrations

The Romans conquered in 15 BC the Celtic Empire and established hereinafter the Roman province of Noricum. Borders were protected by military camp (forts), in the hinterland emerged civilian cities, almost all systematically laid out according to the same plan. The civil and commercial city Aelium Cetium, as St. Pölten was called (city law 121/122), consisted in the 4th Century already of heated stone houses, trade and craft originated thriving urban life, before the Romans in the first third of the 5th Century retreated to Italy.

The subsequent period went down as the Migration Period in official historiography, for which the settlement of the Sankt Pöltner downtown can not be proved. Cemeteries witness the residence of the Lombards in our area, later it was the Avars, extending their empire to the Enns.

The recent archaeological excavations on the Cathedral Square 2010/2011, in fact, the previous knowledge of St.Pölten colonization not have turned upside down but enriched by many details, whose full analysis and publication are expected in the near future.

Middle Ages

With the submission of the Avars by Charlemagne around 800 AD Christianity was gaining a foothold, the Bavarian Benedictine monastery of Tegernsee establishing a daughter house here - as founder are mentioned the brothers Adalbert and Ottokar - equipped with the relics of St. Hippolytus. The name St. Ypolit over the centuries should turn into Sankt Pölten. After the Hungarian wars and the resettlement of the monastery as Canons Regular of St. Augustine under the influence of Passau St. Pölten received mid-11th Century market rights.

In the second half of the 20th century historians stated that records in which the rights of citizens were held were to be qualified as Town Charters. Vienna is indeed already in 1137 as a city ("civitas") mentioned in a document, but the oldest Viennese city charter dates only from the year 1221, while the Bishop of Passau, Konrad, already in 1159 the St. Pöltnern secured:

A St. Pöltner citizen who has to answer to the court, has the right to make use of an "advocate".

He must not be forced to rid himself of the accusation by a judgment of God.

A St. Pöltner citizen may be convicted only by statements of fellow citizens, not by strangers.

From the 13th Century exercised a city judge appointed by the lord of the city the high and low jurisdiction as chairman of the council meetings and the Municipal Court, Inner and Outer Council supported him during the finding of justice. Venue for the public verdict was the in the 13th Century created new marketplace, the "Broad Market", now the town hall square. Originally square-shaped, it was only later to a rectangle reduced. Around it arose the market district, which together with the monastery district, the wood district and the Ledererviertel (quarter of the leather goods manufacturer) was protected by a double city wall.

The dependence of St. Pölten of the bishop of Passau is shown in the municipal coat of arms and the city seal. Based on the emblem of the heraldic animal of the Lord of the city, so the Bishop of Passau, it shows an upright standing wolf holding a crosier in its paw.

Modern Times

In the course of the armed conflict between the Emperor Frederick III . and King Matthias of Hungary pledged the Bishop of Passau the town on the Hungarian king. From 1485 stood Lower Austria as a whole under Hungarian rule. The most important document of this period is the awarding of the city coat of arms by King Matthias Corvinus in the year 1487. After the death of the opponents 1490 and 1493 could Frederick's son Maximilian reconquer Lower Austria. He considered St. Pölten as spoils of war and had no intention of returning it to the diocese of Passau. The city government has often been leased subsequently, for instance, to the family Wellenstein, and later to the families Trautson and Auersperg.

That St. Pölten now was a princely city, found its expression in the coat of arms letter of the King Ferdinand I. from 1538: From now on, the wolf had no crosier anymore, and the from the viewer's point of view left half showed the reverse Austrian shield, so silver-red-silver.

To the 16th Century also goes back the construction of St. Pöltner City Hall. The 1503 by judge and council acquired house was subsequently expanded, rebuilt, extended and provided with a tower.

A for the urban history research important picture, painted in 1623, has captured scenes of the peasant uprising of 1597, but also allows a view to the city and lets the viewer read some of the details of the then state of construction. The economic inconveniences of that time were only exacerbated by the Thirty Years War, at the end of which a fifth of the houses were uninhabited and the citizenry was impoverished.

Baroque

After the successful defense against the Turks in 1683, the economy started to recover and a significant building boom began. Lower Austria turned into the land of the baroque abbeys and monasteries, as it is familiar to us today.

In St. Pölten, the change of the cityscape is closely connected to the Baroque architect Jakob Prandtauer. In addition to the Baroquisation of the interior of the cathedral, a number of buildings in St. Pölten go to his account, so the reconstruction of the castle Ochsenburg, the erection of the Schwaighof and of the core building of the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Englische Fräuleins - English Maidens) - from 1706 the seat of the first school order of St.Pölten - as well as of several bourgeois houses.

Joseph Munggenast, nephew and co-worker of Prandtauer, completed the Baroquisation of the cathedral, he baroquised the facade of the town hall (1727) and numerous bourgeois houses and designed a bridge over the Traisen which existed until 1907. In the decoration of the church buildings were throughout Tyroleans collaborating, which Jakob Prandtauer had brought along from his homeland (Tyrol) to St. Pölten, for example, Paul Troger and Peter Widerin.

Maria Theresa and her son Joseph II: Their reforms in the city of the 18th Century also left a significant mark. School foundings as a result of compulsory education, the dissolution of the monasteries and hereinafter - from 1785 - the new role of St. Pölten as a bishop's seat are consequences of their policies.

1785 was also the year of a fundamental alteration of the old Council Constitution: The city judge was replaced by one magistrate consisting of five persons, at the head was a mayor. For the first mayor the painter Josef Hackl was chosen.

The 19th century

Despite the Napoleonic Wars - St. Pölten in 1805 and 1809 was occupied by the French - and despite the state bankruptcy of 1811, increased the number of businesses constantly, although the economic importance of the city for the time being did not go beyond the near vicinity.

Against the background of monitoring by the state secret police, which prevented any political commitment between the Congress of Vienna and the 1848 revolution, the citizens withdrew into private life. Sense of family, fostering of domestic music, prominent salon societies in which even a Franz Schubert socialized, or the construction of the city theater were visible signs of this attitude.

The economic upswing of the city did not begin until after the revolution of the year 1848. A prerequisite for this was the construction of the Empress Elisabeth Western Railway, moving Vienna, Linz, soon Salzburg, too, in a reachable distance. The city walls were pulled down, St. Pölten could unfold. The convenient traffic situation favored factory start-ups, and so arose a lace factory, a revolver factory, a soap factory or, for example, as a precursor of a future large-scale enterprise, the braid, ribbon and Strickgarnerzeugung (knitting yarn production) of Matthias Salcher in Harland.

In other areas, too, the Gründerzeit (years of rapid industrial expansion in Germany - and Austria) in Sankt Pölten was honouring its name: The city got schools, a hospital, gas lanterns, canalization, hot springs and summer bath.

The 20th century

At the beginning of the 20th Century the city experienced another burst of development, initiated by the construction of the power station in 1903, because electricity was the prerequisite for the settlement of large companies. In particular, the companies Voith and Glanzstoff and the main workshop of the Federal Railways attracted many workers. New Traisen bridge, tram, Mariazell Railway and other infrastructure buildings were erected; St. Pölten obtained a synagogue. The Art Nouveau made it repeatedly into the urban architecture - just think of the Olbrich House - and inspired also the painting, as exponents worth to be mentioned are Ernst Stöhr or Ferdinand Andri.

What the outbreak of the First World War in broad outlines meant for the monarchy, on a smaller scale also St. Pölten has felt. The city was heavily impacted by the deployment of army units, a POW camp, a military hospital and a sick bay. Industrial enterprises were partly converted into war production, partly closed. Unemployment, housing emergency and food shortages long after the war still were felt painfully.

The 1919 to mayor elected Social Democrat Hubert Schnofl after the war tried to raise the standard of living of the people by improving the social welfare and health care. The founding of a housing cooperative (Wohnungsgenossenschaft), the construction of the water line and the establishment of new factories were further attempts to stimulate the stiffening economy whose descent could not be stopped until 1932.

After the National Socialist regime had stirred false hopes and plunged the world into war, St. Pölten was no longer the city as it has been before. Not only the ten devastating bombings of the last year of the war had left its marks, also the restrictive persecution of Jews and political dissidents had torn holes in the structure of the population. Ten years of Russian occupation subsequently did the rest to traumatize the population, but at this time arose from the ruins a more modern St. Pölten, with the new Traisen bridge, district heating, schools.

This trend continued, an era of recovery and modernization made the economic miracle palpable. Already in 1972 was - even if largely as a result of incorporations - exceeded the 50.000-inhabitant-limit.

Elevation to capital status (capital of Lower Austria), 10 July 1986: No other event in this dimension could have become the booster detonation of an up to now ongoing development thrust. Since then in a big way new residential and commercial areas were opened up, built infrastructure constructions, schools and universities brought into being to enrich the educational landscape. East of the Old Town arose the governmental and cultural district, and the list of architects wears sonorous names such as Ernst Hoffmann (NÖ (Lower Austria) Landhaus; Klangturm), Klaus Kada (Festspielhaus), Hans Hollein (Shedhalle and Lower Austrian Provincial Museum), Karin Bily, Paul Katzberger and Michael Loudon ( NÖ State Library and NÖ State Archive).

European Diploma, European flag, badge of honor, Europe Price: Between 1996 and 2001, received St. Pölten numerous appreciations of its EU commitment - as a sort of recognition of the Council of Europe for the dissemination of the EU-idea through international town twinnings, a major Europe exhibition or, for example, the establishment and chair of the "Network of European medium-sized cities".

On the way into the 21st century

Just now happened and already history: What the St. Pöltnern as just experienced sticks in their minds, travelers and newcomers within a short time should be told. The theater and the hospital handing over to the province of Lower Austria, a new mayor always on the go, who was able to earn since 2004 already numerous laurels (Tags: polytechnic, downtown enhancement, building lease scheme, bus concept) - all the recent changes are just now condensed into spoken and written language in order to make, from now on, the history of the young provincial capital in the 3rd millennium nachlesbar (checkable).

www.st-poelten.gv.at/Content.Node/freizeit-kultur/kultur/...

This tunnel with a length of 3556 m was built between 1906 and 1910 by the former Bodensee-Toggenburg-Bahn (in front there is an additional short tunnel under the main road). Today it is part of the Südostbahn rail network and is also used by the Thurbo commuter trains. The more than 100 year old tunnel was equipped from 2011 to 2012 with the latest technology for personal protection. A cable tunnel serves as a walkway. In protection alcoves alarm can be triggered and there is a handrail with lighting. The tunnel radio equipment enables communication of services GSM/R, GSM 900 provided by Swisscom with EDGE data service standard and Polycom. Switzerland, March 31, 2015.

Suffolk Fire and Rescue Service has unveiled state-of-the-art rescue vehicles and equipment to equip firefighters with the latest technology for rescues.

Four new “enhanced rescue tenders” will be based at Bury St Edmunds, Lowestoft, Newmarket and Princes Street (Ipswich), giving cover across the county and strengthening the emergency response across Suffolk’s communities.

The new equipment and vehicles are also the latest innovations in green technology, supporting Suffolk County Council’s climate emergency declaration and ambitions to be net zero by 2030. The fire appliances are the first in Suffolk to be fitted with solar panels, have more fuel-efficient engines and also carry battery powered hydraulic rescue equipment.

Firefighters attending emergencies in Cambridgeshire will look a little different from this week. New dark navy and orange protective firefighting kit and yellow helmets replace the blue and yellow clothing the public have seen Cambridgeshire crews wear to fight fires for over a decade. From today (Monday, April 18), the new kit will be rolled out and by Friday all of the county’s firefighters will respond to 999 calls wearing the new uniform. Chief Fire Officer Chris Strickland said: “This protective kit uses the latest technology in firefighter clothing and is ergonomically designed to provide our crews with the very best protection. “The safety of our firefighters is of the utmost importance to us and a host of options went through rigorous testing before our staff chose the very best fit for them. The kit is lighter in weight, breathable and offers more support for the wearer and we are proud to know we are the first fire and rescue service in the country to utilise this latest technology in protective clothing for our staff.” More than 500 operational members of staff at Cambridgeshire Fire and Rescue Service have been kitted out in the new operational uniform, with over 6,500 items issued across the Service.

+++ DISCLAIMER +++

Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based historical facts. BEWARE!

Some background

A review by the Australian Government's Defense Committee held after World War II recommended that the post-war forces of the RAN be structured around a Task Force incorporating multiple aircraft carriers. Initial plans were for three carriers, with two active and a third in reserve. A Fleet Air Arm was established on 3 July 1947 by the Commonwealth Defense Council to operate aircraft from these. The first, HMAS Sydney, entered service in 1948.

All RAN Corsairs served exclusively with 806 Squadron alongside Hawker Sea Furies and later De Havilland See Venom all-weather fighters. After the Korean War the squadron was quickly relocated to HMAS Melbourne when HMAS Sydney was to be decommissioned in the late 50ies. The robust machines were withdrawn from carrier use in 1965 but remained in land-based service at Nowra Air Station until 1968, when the squadron was disbanded and the last machines retired. They were effectively replaced by A-4 Skyhawks.

General characteristics

• Crew: 1 pilot

• Length: 37 ft (11.09 m)

• Wingspan: 41 ft 0 in (12.5 m)

• Height: 17 ft 1 1/2 in (5.11 m)

• Empty weight: 9,205 lb (4,174 kg)

• Loaded weight: 14,670 lb (6,653 kg)

Powerplant:

• 1 × water-cooled V12 Rolls Royce Griffon RG.25.SM engine with 2.625 hp (1.955 kW)

Performance

• Maximum speed: 426 mph (350 kn, 688 km/h)

• Range: 900 mi (783 nmi, 1,450 km)

• Service ceiling: 41.500ft (12.649 m)

• Rate of climb: 3,870ft/min (19.7 m/s)

Armament:

4 × 20 mm (.79 in) Hispano Mk V cannons

4.000 pounds (1.800 kg) of external ordnance, including drop tanks, iron bombs of up to 1.000 lbs. calibre or up to 16× 3" (76.2 mm) rockets

The kit and its assembly:

Another whiffy 'science fiction' model. I found the idea of an après-WWII-Corsair in Commonwealth use interesting, since the type had a very long and successful career, and the 2012 “Aussierama” group build at whatifmodelers.com fuelled this project further.

Neither a RAN Corsair ever existed, nor a V12 engine variant, though. My initial idea was a Corsair with a Centaurus engine and a five-bladed propeller. But this is a rather common whif conversion, you find a lot of these – easy to do and it looks great, too. But I wanted "something more".

An early concept element was the bubble canopy with the lowered rear fuselage, but the Griffon entered the scene relatively late, just when I found a resin conversion set from Red Roo Models of Australia with RAAF Avro Lincoln engine nacelles. That engine would make the difference I had been looking for – and it was furthermore a nice ‘excuse’ for fitting a massive contraprop… ;)

The basis kit for this conversion is a French F4U-7 from Italeri. It is a very good kit which is still around in several permutations and re-boxings, e .g. from Revell o. G.. Wings, horizontal stabilizers and landing gear were taken OOB, but the fuselage saw heavy modification:

a) The resin Griffon from Red Roo was implanted just in front of the wing's leading edge. The fuselage was simply cut off and the former exhaust niches filled with putty. Easier than expected, even though tedious and time-consuming!

The Red Roo engines come without any props, so that the propeller is a donation part: it comes from a vintage Plasticart Tu-20/95 bomber in 1:100 scale. The blade tips were clipped for a modern look, matching the diameter of the original F4U propeller. Ground clearance would not be a problem, since the propeller sits higher on the fuselage than with the original radial engine.

b) The original round fin was completely replaced by a new horizontal stabilizer. This piece is the outer section of a vintage 1:100 scale An-12(!), also from Plasticart. As a side note: this donation part is probably 35 years old, but here it finally found a new and good use! It is a simple but very effective change – with the new fin the converted Corsair now looks a little like a Blackburn Firebrand or later Firecrest?

c) The complete upper fuselage was replaced by a lower, scratch-built/hand-welded polystyrene piece. It received a new cockpit opening and a scratch-built fairing for the new bubble canopy. The latter comes from a Hasegawa Vought XF5U-1 (the 'Flying Pancake') and makes the Corsair look pretty fast and streamlined. A pilot (Italeri?) was added to the cockpit, which was otherwise kept OOB since it is nicely detailed, just like the rest of the OOB kit.

I guess that only 50% of the original fuselage survived this major surgery! A wonder that the thing still holds together...

Further minor mods include the radar housing (leftover from another Italeri F4U kit), new guns in the wings and the unguided 3" missiles with launch rails instead of USN HVARs. They add IMHO much to the British look of the aircraft. The RPs come from a Matchbox Bristol Beaufighter, the racks, too, but the original, massive four-missile-pallets were separated into single launch rails, for a more delicate look.

The drop tank comes from the original kit, even though its centerline position is individual. The bomb hardpoints under the wing roots were retained, but left empty. You can IMHO easily ‘kill’ a whif plane with too much and/or too exotic ordnance, and there's already enough extra about this model to discover.

Painting and markings:

To make the plane a bit exotic (and for the aforementioned group build) I decided to build it in Australian Navy colors, with Kangaroo Roundels. Initially I wanted to place the RAN Corsair into the Korean War era, but at that time the Kangaroo roundels had not been in use yet (they were introduced in July 1956, after the war). On the downside of that time window, quick ID "invasion stripes" from the Korean War era would not be plausible anymore - and they'd only go together with RAF-style roundels, which I did not want to use since I wanted a clear identification of the Corsair's (fictional) user. Therefore, the model was placed in the late 50ies.

I kept the Corsair in typical RAN colors of that era, though. Sea Furies and Gannets were benchmarks, not only for the paint scheme but also for the markings/decals. Basic colors are Extra Dark Sea Grey (Humbrol 123) from above and Sky Type S (Testors 2049) from below, with a high waterline and with EDSG wrapped around the leading edges – a detail I copied from RAN Gannets.

As a little design twist I tried to make some areas look as if Korean War ID stripes on wings and fuselage had recently been painted over - and approprtaiet detail for 1957, and just after the RAAF/RAN introduced the Kangaroo Roundels. Therefore, upper sides of wings and fuselage were painted with Testors 2079 (RLM 66) and Humbrol 90 (Beige Green, actually Sky Type S, too, but with a kore yellow-ish hue than the Testors paint). I think it worked well, and makes the simple two-tone livery a bit more attractive?

Cockpit interior was painted in RAF Cockpit Green (Humbrol 78), the landing gear as well as its wells were left in aluminum (Humbrol 56).

The kit was only slightly weathered, with a very thin black ink wash, some dry painting with lighter shades of the basic tones in order to emphasize panel lines, and even less dry painting with silver on leading edges.

Additionally, some light exhaust and gun soot stains were added, simple dry painting with matt black and some dark grey.

The decals were puzzled together from several Xtracedal aftermarket sheets (for Fairey Gannets and Hawker Sea Furys) and the scrap box. In order to add a colorful contrast I decided to add some bold squadron colors on fin and spinner, since I have seen similar markings on RAN Gannets of that time. I went for black and yellow, as complementary colors to the red/white/blue roundels. The checkered rudder was cut from an aftermarket sheet for small-scale tabletop vehicles. The spinner was painted by hand.

Finally, everything was sealed under stain varnish (Tamiya), and a slightly sprayed some matt varnish onto the upper front areas, so that the paint looks a bit dull and worn without sacrificing the sheen look.

All in all, a major conversion with little problems – waiting for the resin parts from Australia to arrive was the biggest challenge. I think that the aircraft looks pretty plausible? A subtle whif. ^^

Central Station

Object ID: 21640 Station No. 1

After the decision to construct the "Empress Elisabeth Western Railway" in 1851 took place on 9 September 1856 the ground-breaking ceremony for the St. Pölten Main Railway Station, just two years later the first trains could use the new stopping place. After additional railway lines were connected the existing building was too small, from 1887 the current station building was built with passage to the Kremser country road (Landstraße) in two years time.

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denkmalgesch%C3%BCtzte_Objekte_in_S...

(further information is available by clicking on the link at the end of page!)

History of the City St. Pölten

In order to present concise history of the Lower Austrian capital is in the shop of the city museum a richly illustrated full version on CD-ROM.

Tip

On the occasion of the commemoration of the pogroms of November 1938, the Institute for Jewish History of Austria its virtual Memorbuch (Memory book) for the destroyed St. Pölten Jewish community since 10th November 2012 is putting online.

Prehistory

The time from which there is no written record is named after the main materials used for tools and weapons: Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age. Using the latest technologies, archaeologists from archaeological finds and aerial photographs can trace a fairly detailed picture of life at that time. Especially for the time from the settling down of the People (New Stone Age), now practicing agriculture and animal husbandry, in the territory of St. Pölten lively settlement activity can be proved. In particular, cemeteries are important for the research, because the dead were laid in the grave everyday objects and jewelry, the forms of burial changing over time - which in turn gives the archeology valuable clues for the temporal determination. At the same time, prehistory of Sankt Pölten would not be half as good documented without the construction of the expressway S33 and other large buildings, where millions of cubic meters of earth were moved - under the watchful eyes of the Federal Monuments Office!

A final primeval chapter characterized the Celts, who settled about 450 BC our area and in addition to a new culture and religion also brought with them the potter's wheel. The kingdom of Noricum influenced till the penetration of the Romans the development in our area.

Roman period, migrations

The Romans conquered in 15 BC the Celtic Empire and established hereinafter the Roman province of Noricum. Borders were protected by military camp (forts), in the hinterland emerged civilian cities, almost all systematically laid out according to the same plan. The civil and commercial city Aelium Cetium, as St. Pölten was called (city law 121/122), consisted in the 4th Century already of heated stone houses, trade and craft originated thriving urban life, before the Romans in the first third of the 5th Century retreated to Italy.

The subsequent period went down as the Migration Period in official historiography, for which the settlement of the Sankt Pöltner downtown can not be proved. Cemeteries witness the residence of the Lombards in our area, later it was the Avars, extending their empire to the Enns.

The recent archaeological excavations on the Cathedral Square 2010/2011, in fact, the previous knowledge of St.Pölten colonization not have turned upside down but enriched by many details, whose full analysis and publication are expected in the near future.

Middle Ages

With the submission of the Avars by Charlemagne around 800 AD Christianity was gaining a foothold, the Bavarian Benedictine monastery of Tegernsee establishing a daughter house here - as founder are mentioned the brothers Adalbert and Ottokar - equipped with the relics of St. Hippolytus. The name St. Ypolit over the centuries should turn into Sankt Pölten. After the Hungarian wars and the resettlement of the monastery as Canons Regular of St. Augustine under the influence of Passau St. Pölten received mid-11th Century market rights.

In the second half of the 20th century historians stated that records in which the rights of citizens were held were to be qualified as Town Charters. Vienna is indeed already in 1137 as a city ("civitas") mentioned in a document, but the oldest Viennese city charter dates only from the year 1221, while the Bishop of Passau, Konrad, already in 1159 the St. Pöltnern secured:

A St. Pöltner citizen who has to answer to the court, has the right to make use of an "advocate".

He must not be forced to rid himself of the accusation by a judgment of God.

A St. Pöltner citizen may be convicted only by statements of fellow citizens, not by strangers.

From the 13th Century exercised a city judge appointed by the lord of the city the high and low jurisdiction as chairman of the council meetings and the Municipal Court, Inner and Outer Council supported him during the finding of justice. Venue for the public verdict was the in the 13th Century created new marketplace, the "Broad Market", now the town hall square. Originally square-shaped, it was only later to a rectangle reduced. Around it arose the market district, which together with the monastery district, the wood district and the Ledererviertel (quarter of the leather goods manufacturer) was protected by a double city wall.

The dependence of St. Pölten of the bishop of Passau is shown in the municipal coat of arms and the city seal. Based on the emblem of the heraldic animal of the Lord of the city, so the Bishop of Passau, it shows an upright standing wolf holding a crosier in its paw.

Modern Times

In the course of the armed conflict between the Emperor Frederick III . and King Matthias of Hungary pledged the Bishop of Passau the town on the Hungarian king. From 1485 stood Lower Austria as a whole under Hungarian rule. The most important document of this period is the awarding of the city coat of arms by King Matthias Corvinus in the year 1487. After the death of the opponents 1490 and 1493 could Frederick's son Maximilian reconquer Lower Austria. He considered St. Pölten as spoils of war and had no intention of returning it to the diocese of Passau. The city government has often been leased subsequently, for instance, to the family Wellenstein, and later to the families Trautson and Auersperg.

That St. Pölten now was a princely city, found its expression in the coat of arms letter of the King Ferdinand I. from 1538: From now on, the wolf had no crosier anymore, and the from the viewer's point of view left half showed the reverse Austrian shield, so silver-red-silver.

To the 16th Century also goes back the construction of St. Pöltner City Hall. The 1503 by judge and council acquired house was subsequently expanded, rebuilt, extended and provided with a tower.

A for the urban history research important picture, painted in 1623, has captured scenes of the peasant uprising of 1597, but also allows a view to the city and lets the viewer read some of the details of the then state of construction. The economic inconveniences of that time were only exacerbated by the Thirty Years War, at the end of which a fifth of the houses were uninhabited and the citizenry was impoverished.

Baroque

After the successful defense against the Turks in 1683, the economy started to recover and a significant building boom began. Lower Austria turned into the land of the baroque abbeys and monasteries, as it is familiar to us today.

In St. Pölten, the change of the cityscape is closely connected to the Baroque architect Jakob Prandtauer. In addition to the Baroquisation of the interior of the cathedral, a number of buildings in St. Pölten go to his account, so the reconstruction of the castle Ochsenburg, the erection of the Schwaighof and of the core building of the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Englische Fräuleins - English Maidens) - from 1706 the seat of the first school order of St.Pölten - as well as of several bourgeois houses.

Joseph Munggenast, nephew and co-worker of Prandtauer, completed the Baroquisation of the cathedral, he baroquised the facade of the town hall (1727) and numerous bourgeois houses and designed a bridge over the Traisen which existed until 1907. In the decoration of the church buildings were throughout Tyroleans collaborating, which Jakob Prandtauer had brought along from his homeland (Tyrol) to St. Pölten, for example, Paul Troger and Peter Widerin.

Maria Theresa and her son Joseph II: Their reforms in the city of the 18th Century also left a significant mark. School foundings as a result of compulsory education, the dissolution of the monasteries and hereinafter - from 1785 - the new role of St. Pölten as a bishop's seat are consequences of their policies.

1785 was also the year of a fundamental alteration of the old Council Constitution: The city judge was replaced by one magistrate consisting of five persons, at the head was a mayor. For the first mayor the painter Josef Hackl was chosen.

The 19th century

Despite the Napoleonic Wars - St. Pölten in 1805 and 1809 was occupied by the French - and despite the state bankruptcy of 1811, increased the number of businesses constantly, although the economic importance of the city for the time being did not go beyond the near vicinity.

Against the background of monitoring by the state secret police, which prevented any political commitment between the Congress of Vienna and the 1848 revolution, the citizens withdrew into private life. Sense of family, fostering of domestic music, prominent salon societies in which even a Franz Schubert socialized, or the construction of the city theater were visible signs of this attitude.

The economic upswing of the city did not begin until after the revolution of the year 1848. A prerequisite for this was the construction of the Empress Elisabeth Western Railway, moving Vienna, Linz, soon Salzburg, too, in a reachable distance. The city walls were pulled down, St. Pölten could unfold. The convenient traffic situation favored factory start-ups, and so arose a lace factory, a revolver factory, a soap factory or, for example, as a precursor of a future large-scale enterprise, the braid, ribbon and Strickgarnerzeugung (knitting yarn production) of Matthias Salcher in Harland.

In other areas, too, the Gründerzeit (years of rapid industrial expansion in Germany - and Austria) in Sankt Pölten was honouring its name: The city got schools, a hospital, gas lanterns, canalization, hot springs and summer bath.

The 20th century

At the beginning of the 20th Century the city experienced another burst of development, initiated by the construction of the power station in 1903, because electricity was the prerequisite for the settlement of large companies. In particular, the companies Voith and Glanzstoff and the main workshop of the Federal Railways attracted many workers. New Traisen bridge, tram, Mariazell Railway and other infrastructure buildings were erected; St. Pölten obtained a synagogue. The Art Nouveau made it repeatedly into the urban architecture - just think of the Olbrich House - and inspired also the painting, as exponents worth to be mentioned are Ernst Stöhr or Ferdinand Andri.

What the outbreak of the First World War in broad outlines meant for the monarchy, on a smaller scale also St. Pölten has felt. The city was heavily impacted by the deployment of army units, a POW camp, a military hospital and a sick bay. Industrial enterprises were partly converted into war production, partly closed. Unemployment, housing emergency and food shortages long after the war still were felt painfully.

The 1919 to mayor elected Social Democrat Hubert Schnofl after the war tried to raise the standard of living of the people by improving the social welfare and health care. The founding of a housing cooperative (Wohnungsgenossenschaft), the construction of the water line and the establishment of new factories were further attempts to stimulate the stiffening economy whose descent could not be stopped until 1932.

After the National Socialist regime had stirred false hopes and plunged the world into war, St. Pölten was no longer the city as it has been before. Not only the ten devastating bombings of the last year of the war had left its marks, also the restrictive persecution of Jews and political dissidents had torn holes in the structure of the population. Ten years of Russian occupation subsequently did the rest to traumatize the population, but at this time arose from the ruins a more modern St. Pölten, with the new Traisen bridge, district heating, schools.

This trend continued, an era of recovery and modernization made the economic miracle palpable. Already in 1972 was - even if largely as a result of incorporations - exceeded the 50.000-inhabitant-limit.

Elevation to capital status (capital of Lower Austria), 10 July 1986: No other event in this dimension could have become the booster detonation of an up to now ongoing development thrust. Since then in a big way new residential and commercial areas were opened up, built infrastructure constructions, schools and universities brought into being to enrich the educational landscape. East of the Old Town arose the governmental and cultural district, and the list of architects wears sonorous names such as Ernst Hoffmann (NÖ (Lower Austria) Landhaus; Klangturm), Klaus Kada (Festspielhaus), Hans Hollein (Shedhalle and Lower Austrian Provincial Museum), Karin Bily, Paul Katzberger and Michael Loudon ( NÖ State Library and NÖ State Archive).

European Diploma, European flag, badge of honor, Europe Price: Between 1996 and 2001, received St. Pölten numerous appreciations of its EU commitment - as a sort of recognition of the Council of Europe for the dissemination of the EU-idea through international town twinnings, a major Europe exhibition or, for example, the establishment and chair of the "Network of European medium-sized cities".

On the way into the 21st century

Just now happened and already history: What the St. Pöltnern as just experienced sticks in their minds, travelers and newcomers within a short time should be told. The theater and the hospital handing over to the province of Lower Austria, a new mayor always on the go, who was able to earn since 2004 already numerous laurels (Tags: polytechnic, downtown enhancement, building lease scheme, bus concept) - all the recent changes are just now condensed into spoken and written language in order to make, from now on, the history of the young provincial capital in the 3rd millennium nachlesbar (checkable).

www.st-poelten.gv.at/Content.Node/freizeit-kultur/kultur/...

+++ DISCLAIMER +++

Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based historical facts. BEWARE!

Some background

A review by the Australian Government's Defense Committee held after World War II recommended that the post-war forces of the RAN be structured around a Task Force incorporating multiple aircraft carriers. Initial plans were for three carriers, with two active and a third in reserve. A Fleet Air Arm was established on 3 July 1947 by the Commonwealth Defense Council to operate aircraft from these. The first, HMAS Sydney, entered service in 1948.

All RAN Corsairs served exclusively with 806 Squadron alongside Hawker Sea Furies and later De Havilland See Venom all-weather fighters. After the Korean War the squadron was quickly relocated to HMAS Melbourne when HMAS Sydney was to be decommissioned in the late 50ies. The robust machines were withdrawn from carrier use in 1965 but remained in land-based service at Nowra Air Station until 1968, when the squadron was disbanded and the last machines retired. They were effectively replaced by A-4 Skyhawks.

General characteristics

• Crew: 1 pilot

• Length: 37 ft (11.09 m)

• Wingspan: 41 ft 0 in (12.5 m)

• Height: 17 ft 1 1/2 in (5.11 m)

• Empty weight: 9,205 lb (4,174 kg)

• Loaded weight: 14,670 lb (6,653 kg)

Powerplant:

• 1 × water-cooled V12 Rolls Royce Griffon RG.25.SM engine with 2.625 hp (1.955 kW)

Performance

• Maximum speed: 426 mph (350 kn, 688 km/h)

• Range: 900 mi (783 nmi, 1,450 km)

• Service ceiling: 41.500ft (12.649 m)

• Rate of climb: 3,870ft/min (19.7 m/s)

Armament:

4 × 20 mm (.79 in) Hispano Mk V cannons

4.000 pounds (1.800 kg) of external ordnance, including drop tanks, iron bombs of up to 1.000 lbs. calibre or up to 16× 3" (76.2 mm) rockets

The kit and its assembly:

Another whiffy 'science fiction' model. I found the idea of an après-WWII-Corsair in Commonwealth use interesting, since the type had a very long and successful career, and the 2012 “Aussierama” group build at whatifmodelers.com fuelled this project further.

Neither a RAN Corsair ever existed, nor a V12 engine variant, though. My initial idea was a Corsair with a Centaurus engine and a five-bladed propeller. But this is a rather common whif conversion, you find a lot of these – easy to do and it looks great, too. But I wanted "something more".

An early concept element was the bubble canopy with the lowered rear fuselage, but the Griffon entered the scene relatively late, just when I found a resin conversion set from Red Roo Models of Australia with RAAF Avro Lincoln engine nacelles. That engine would make the difference I had been looking for – and it was furthermore a nice ‘excuse’ for fitting a massive contraprop… ;)

The basis kit for this conversion is a French F4U-7 from Italeri. It is a very good kit which is still around in several permutations and re-boxings, e .g. from Revell o. G.. Wings, horizontal stabilizers and landing gear were taken OOB, but the fuselage saw heavy modification:

a) The resin Griffon from Red Roo was implanted just in front of the wing's leading edge. The fuselage was simply cut off and the former exhaust niches filled with putty. Easier than expected, even though tedious and time-consuming!

The Red Roo engines come without any props, so that the propeller is a donation part: it comes from a vintage Plasticart Tu-20/95 bomber in 1:100 scale. The blade tips were clipped for a modern look, matching the diameter of the original F4U propeller. Ground clearance would not be a problem, since the propeller sits higher on the fuselage than with the original radial engine.

b) The original round fin was completely replaced by a new horizontal stabilizer. This piece is the outer section of a vintage 1:100 scale An-12(!), also from Plasticart. As a side note: this donation part is probably 35 years old, but here it finally found a new and good use! It is a simple but very effective change – with the new fin the converted Corsair now looks a little like a Blackburn Firebrand or later Firecrest?

c) The complete upper fuselage was replaced by a lower, scratch-built/hand-welded polystyrene piece. It received a new cockpit opening and a scratch-built fairing for the new bubble canopy. The latter comes from a Hasegawa Vought XF5U-1 (the 'Flying Pancake') and makes the Corsair look pretty fast and streamlined. A pilot (Italeri?) was added to the cockpit, which was otherwise kept OOB since it is nicely detailed, just like the rest of the OOB kit.

I guess that only 50% of the original fuselage survived this major surgery! A wonder that the thing still holds together...

Further minor mods include the radar housing (leftover from another Italeri F4U kit), new guns in the wings and the unguided 3" missiles with launch rails instead of USN HVARs. They add IMHO much to the British look of the aircraft. The RPs come from a Matchbox Bristol Beaufighter, the racks, too, but the original, massive four-missile-pallets were separated into single launch rails, for a more delicate look.

The drop tank comes from the original kit, even though its centerline position is individual. The bomb hardpoints under the wing roots were retained, but left empty. You can IMHO easily ‘kill’ a whif plane with too much and/or too exotic ordnance, and there's already enough extra about this model to discover.

Painting and markings:

To make the plane a bit exotic (and for the aforementioned group build) I decided to build it in Australian Navy colors, with Kangaroo Roundels. Initially I wanted to place the RAN Corsair into the Korean War era, but at that time the Kangaroo roundels had not been in use yet (they were introduced in July 1956, after the war). On the downside of that time window, quick ID "invasion stripes" from the Korean War era would not be plausible anymore - and they'd only go together with RAF-style roundels, which I did not want to use since I wanted a clear identification of the Corsair's (fictional) user. Therefore, the model was placed in the late 50ies.

I kept the Corsair in typical RAN colors of that era, though. Sea Furies and Gannets were benchmarks, not only for the paint scheme but also for the markings/decals. Basic colors are Extra Dark Sea Grey (Humbrol 123) from above and Sky Type S (Testors 2049) from below, with a high waterline and with EDSG wrapped around the leading edges – a detail I copied from RAN Gannets.

As a little design twist I tried to make some areas look as if Korean War ID stripes on wings and fuselage had recently been painted over - and approprtaiet detail for 1957, and just after the RAAF/RAN introduced the Kangaroo Roundels. Therefore, upper sides of wings and fuselage were painted with Testors 2079 (RLM 66) and Humbrol 90 (Beige Green, actually Sky Type S, too, but with a kore yellow-ish hue than the Testors paint). I think it worked well, and makes the simple two-tone livery a bit more attractive?

Cockpit interior was painted in RAF Cockpit Green (Humbrol 78), the landing gear as well as its wells were left in aluminum (Humbrol 56).

The kit was only slightly weathered, with a very thin black ink wash, some dry painting with lighter shades of the basic tones in order to emphasize panel lines, and even less dry painting with silver on leading edges.

Additionally, some light exhaust and gun soot stains were added, simple dry painting with matt black and some dark grey.

The decals were puzzled together from several Xtracedal aftermarket sheets (for Fairey Gannets and Hawker Sea Furys) and the scrap box. In order to add a colorful contrast I decided to add some bold squadron colors on fin and spinner, since I have seen similar markings on RAN Gannets of that time. I went for black and yellow, as complementary colors to the red/white/blue roundels. The checkered rudder was cut from an aftermarket sheet for small-scale tabletop vehicles. The spinner was painted by hand.

Finally, everything was sealed under stain varnish (Tamiya), and a slightly sprayed some matt varnish onto the upper front areas, so that the paint looks a bit dull and worn without sacrificing the sheen look.

All in all, a major conversion with little problems – waiting for the resin parts from Australia to arrive was the biggest challenge. I think that the aircraft looks pretty plausible? A subtle whif. ^^

Suffolk Fire and Rescue Service has unveiled state-of-the-art rescue vehicles and equipment to equip firefighters with the latest technology for rescues.

Four new “enhanced rescue tenders” will be based at Bury St Edmunds, Lowestoft, Newmarket and Princes Street (Ipswich), giving cover across the county and strengthening the emergency response across Suffolk’s communities.

The new equipment and vehicles are also the latest innovations in green technology, supporting Suffolk County Council’s climate emergency declaration and ambitions to be net zero by 2030. The fire appliances are the first in Suffolk to be fitted with solar panels, have more fuel-efficient engines and also carry battery powered hydraulic rescue equipment.

Brand new Engine 1 is designed to be a workhorse for the department. Outfitted with the latest technology, this apparatus is meant for putting out fires!

Technical Specs:

2015 Pierce Arrow XT

470 HP Detroit Diesel DD13 engine

TAK-4 Independent Front Suspension

Seats 4

Waterous 2000 gpm pump

Husky 300 foam system

2000 gpm Stang Monitor

500 gal. water

50 gal. Class A Foam

50 gal. Class B Foam

1000 ft. of 5" LDH

750 ft. of 3" hose

1000 ft. of 2.5" hose

750 ft. of 1.75" hose

Various nozzles and adaptors

32 ft. of ground ladders

Engine company tools

Forcible entry tools

Staffed by 4

Captain I

Engineer

Firefighter

Firefighter

Builder's note: Like on Truck 1, I used my new technique for the Arrow XT cab.

Credits:

Paulo R. for the SNOT roll-up doors

LAFD new KME engines

Hershey VFD Engine 48

Arcadia, CA FD Engine 105

Indianapolis, IN FD Engine 7

Rates and Comments (particularly to building techniques) will be greatly appreciated!

+++ DISCLAIMER +++

Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based historical facts. BEWARE!

Some background

A review by the Australian Government's Defense Committee held after World War II recommended that the post-war forces of the RAN be structured around a Task Force incorporating multiple aircraft carriers. Initial plans were for three carriers, with two active and a third in reserve. A Fleet Air Arm was established on 3 July 1947 by the Commonwealth Defense Council to operate aircraft from these. The first, HMAS Sydney, entered service in 1948.

All RAN Corsairs served exclusively with 806 Squadron alongside Hawker Sea Furies and later De Havilland See Venom all-weather fighters. After the Korean War the squadron was quickly relocated to HMAS Melbourne when HMAS Sydney was to be decommissioned in the late 50ies. The robust machines were withdrawn from carrier use in 1965 but remained in land-based service at Nowra Air Station until 1968, when the squadron was disbanded and the last machines retired. They were effectively replaced by A-4 Skyhawks.

General characteristics

• Crew: 1 pilot

• Length: 37 ft (11.09 m)

• Wingspan: 41 ft 0 in (12.5 m)

• Height: 17 ft 1 1/2 in (5.11 m)

• Empty weight: 9,205 lb (4,174 kg)

• Loaded weight: 14,670 lb (6,653 kg)

Powerplant:

• 1 × water-cooled V12 Rolls Royce Griffon RG.25.SM engine with 2.625 hp (1.955 kW)

Performance

• Maximum speed: 426 mph (350 kn, 688 km/h)

• Range: 900 mi (783 nmi, 1,450 km)

• Service ceiling: 41.500ft (12.649 m)

• Rate of climb: 3,870ft/min (19.7 m/s)

Armament:

4 × 20 mm (.79 in) Hispano Mk V cannons

4.000 pounds (1.800 kg) of external ordnance, including drop tanks, iron bombs of up to 1.000 lbs. calibre or up to 16× 3" (76.2 mm) rockets

The kit and its assembly:

Another whiffy 'science fiction' model. I found the idea of an après-WWII-Corsair in Commonwealth use interesting, since the type had a very long and successful career, and the 2012 “Aussierama” group build at whatifmodelers.com fuelled this project further.

Neither a RAN Corsair ever existed, nor a V12 engine variant, though. My initial idea was a Corsair with a Centaurus engine and a five-bladed propeller. But this is a rather common whif conversion, you find a lot of these – easy to do and it looks great, too. But I wanted "something more".

An early concept element was the bubble canopy with the lowered rear fuselage, but the Griffon entered the scene relatively late, just when I found a resin conversion set from Red Roo Models of Australia with RAAF Avro Lincoln engine nacelles. That engine would make the difference I had been looking for – and it was furthermore a nice ‘excuse’ for fitting a massive contraprop… ;)

The basis kit for this conversion is a French F4U-7 from Italeri. It is a very good kit which is still around in several permutations and re-boxings, e .g. from Revell o. G.. Wings, horizontal stabilizers and landing gear were taken OOB, but the fuselage saw heavy modification:

a) The resin Griffon from Red Roo was implanted just in front of the wing's leading edge. The fuselage was simply cut off and the former exhaust niches filled with putty. Easier than expected, even though tedious and time-consuming!

The Red Roo engines come without any props, so that the propeller is a donation part: it comes from a vintage Plasticart Tu-20/95 bomber in 1:100 scale. The blade tips were clipped for a modern look, matching the diameter of the original F4U propeller. Ground clearance would not be a problem, since the propeller sits higher on the fuselage than with the original radial engine.

b) The original round fin was completely replaced by a new horizontal stabilizer. This piece is the outer section of a vintage 1:100 scale An-12(!), also from Plasticart. As a side note: this donation part is probably 35 years old, but here it finally found a new and good use! It is a simple but very effective change – with the new fin the converted Corsair now looks a little like a Blackburn Firebrand or later Firecrest?

c) The complete upper fuselage was replaced by a lower, scratch-built/hand-welded polystyrene piece. It received a new cockpit opening and a scratch-built fairing for the new bubble canopy. The latter comes from a Hasegawa Vought XF5U-1 (the 'Flying Pancake') and makes the Corsair look pretty fast and streamlined. A pilot (Italeri?) was added to the cockpit, which was otherwise kept OOB since it is nicely detailed, just like the rest of the OOB kit.

I guess that only 50% of the original fuselage survived this major surgery! A wonder that the thing still holds together...

Further minor mods include the radar housing (leftover from another Italeri F4U kit), new guns in the wings and the unguided 3" missiles with launch rails instead of USN HVARs. They add IMHO much to the British look of the aircraft. The RPs come from a Matchbox Bristol Beaufighter, the racks, too, but the original, massive four-missile-pallets were separated into single launch rails, for a more delicate look.

The drop tank comes from the original kit, even though its centerline position is individual. The bomb hardpoints under the wing roots were retained, but left empty. You can IMHO easily ‘kill’ a whif plane with too much and/or too exotic ordnance, and there's already enough extra about this model to discover.

Painting and markings:

To make the plane a bit exotic (and for the aforementioned group build) I decided to build it in Australian Navy colors, with Kangaroo Roundels. Initially I wanted to place the RAN Corsair into the Korean War era, but at that time the Kangaroo roundels had not been in use yet (they were introduced in July 1956, after the war). On the downside of that time window, quick ID "invasion stripes" from the Korean War era would not be plausible anymore - and they'd only go together with RAF-style roundels, which I did not want to use since I wanted a clear identification of the Corsair's (fictional) user. Therefore, the model was placed in the late 50ies.

I kept the Corsair in typical RAN colors of that era, though. Sea Furies and Gannets were benchmarks, not only for the paint scheme but also for the markings/decals. Basic colors are Extra Dark Sea Grey (Humbrol 123) from above and Sky Type S (Testors 2049) from below, with a high waterline and with EDSG wrapped around the leading edges – a detail I copied from RAN Gannets.

As a little design twist I tried to make some areas look as if Korean War ID stripes on wings and fuselage had recently been painted over - and approprtaiet detail for 1957, and just after the RAAF/RAN introduced the Kangaroo Roundels. Therefore, upper sides of wings and fuselage were painted with Testors 2079 (RLM 66) and Humbrol 90 (Beige Green, actually Sky Type S, too, but with a kore yellow-ish hue than the Testors paint). I think it worked well, and makes the simple two-tone livery a bit more attractive?

Cockpit interior was painted in RAF Cockpit Green (Humbrol 78), the landing gear as well as its wells were left in aluminum (Humbrol 56).

The kit was only slightly weathered, with a very thin black ink wash, some dry painting with lighter shades of the basic tones in order to emphasize panel lines, and even less dry painting with silver on leading edges.

Additionally, some light exhaust and gun soot stains were added, simple dry painting with matt black and some dark grey.

The decals were puzzled together from several Xtracedal aftermarket sheets (for Fairey Gannets and Hawker Sea Furys) and the scrap box. In order to add a colorful contrast I decided to add some bold squadron colors on fin and spinner, since I have seen similar markings on RAN Gannets of that time. I went for black and yellow, as complementary colors to the red/white/blue roundels. The checkered rudder was cut from an aftermarket sheet for small-scale tabletop vehicles. The spinner was painted by hand.

Finally, everything was sealed under stain varnish (Tamiya), and a slightly sprayed some matt varnish onto the upper front areas, so that the paint looks a bit dull and worn without sacrificing the sheen look.

All in all, a major conversion with little problems – waiting for the resin parts from Australia to arrive was the biggest challenge. I think that the aircraft looks pretty plausible? A subtle whif. ^^

Ad from April, 1947 for pioneering FM station WIZZ (FM) in Wilkes-Barre PA. The station first signed on in December, 1946 and continued until 1951 when it left the air due to financial troubles.

The founder of the former WIZZ (FM) was granted a construction permit in 1955 to rebuild the station with new call letters, WYZZ (FM), which came on the air in 1959. It was a family owned and operated station with studios in the family's home, airing a Classical and Beautiful Music format. They used the latest technology in FM broadcasting - stereo added in 1962 then quadraphonic FM and FM Dolby in the 1970s. It continued that way until 1985, when the station was sold to Susquehanna Broadcasting.

Taken in February 1983. Presumably before our school got its own BBC Micros. There was some kind of mobile home / caravan packed with the latest technologies.

I'm at the back on the right. Martin (front left) looks… concerned?

+++ DISCLAIMER +++

Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based historical facts. BEWARE!

Some background

A review by the Australian Government's Defense Committee held after World War II recommended that the post-war forces of the RAN be structured around a Task Force incorporating multiple aircraft carriers. Initial plans were for three carriers, with two active and a third in reserve. A Fleet Air Arm was established on 3 July 1947 by the Commonwealth Defense Council to operate aircraft from these. The first, HMAS Sydney, entered service in 1948.

All RAN Corsairs served exclusively with 806 Squadron alongside Hawker Sea Furies and later De Havilland See Venom all-weather fighters. After the Korean War the squadron was quickly relocated to HMAS Melbourne when HMAS Sydney was to be decommissioned in the late 50ies. The robust machines were withdrawn from carrier use in 1965 but remained in land-based service at Nowra Air Station until 1968, when the squadron was disbanded and the last machines retired. They were effectively replaced by A-4 Skyhawks.

General characteristics

• Crew: 1 pilot

• Length: 37 ft (11.09 m)

• Wingspan: 41 ft 0 in (12.5 m)

• Height: 17 ft 1 1/2 in (5.11 m)

• Empty weight: 9,205 lb (4,174 kg)

• Loaded weight: 14,670 lb (6,653 kg)

Powerplant:

• 1 × water-cooled V12 Rolls Royce Griffon RG.25.SM engine with 2.625 hp (1.955 kW)

Performance

• Maximum speed: 426 mph (350 kn, 688 km/h)

• Range: 900 mi (783 nmi, 1,450 km)

• Service ceiling: 41.500ft (12.649 m)

• Rate of climb: 3,870ft/min (19.7 m/s)

Armament:

4 × 20 mm (.79 in) Hispano Mk V cannons

4.000 pounds (1.800 kg) of external ordnance, including drop tanks, iron bombs of up to 1.000 lbs. calibre or up to 16× 3" (76.2 mm) rockets

The kit and its assembly:

Another whiffy 'science fiction' model. I found the idea of an après-WWII-Corsair in Commonwealth use interesting, since the type had a very long and successful career, and the 2012 “Aussierama” group build at whatifmodelers.com fuelled this project further.

Neither a RAN Corsair ever existed, nor a V12 engine variant, though. My initial idea was a Corsair with a Centaurus engine and a five-bladed propeller. But this is a rather common whif conversion, you find a lot of these – easy to do and it looks great, too. But I wanted "something more".

An early concept element was the bubble canopy with the lowered rear fuselage, but the Griffon entered the scene relatively late, just when I found a resin conversion set from Red Roo Models of Australia with RAAF Avro Lincoln engine nacelles. That engine would make the difference I had been looking for – and it was furthermore a nice ‘excuse’ for fitting a massive contraprop… ;)

The basis kit for this conversion is a French F4U-7 from Italeri. It is a very good kit which is still around in several permutations and re-boxings, e .g. from Revell o. G.. Wings, horizontal stabilizers and landing gear were taken OOB, but the fuselage saw heavy modification:

a) The resin Griffon from Red Roo was implanted just in front of the wing's leading edge. The fuselage was simply cut off and the former exhaust niches filled with putty. Easier than expected, even though tedious and time-consuming!

The Red Roo engines come without any props, so that the propeller is a donation part: it comes from a vintage Plasticart Tu-20/95 bomber in 1:100 scale. The blade tips were clipped for a modern look, matching the diameter of the original F4U propeller. Ground clearance would not be a problem, since the propeller sits higher on the fuselage than with the original radial engine.

b) The original round fin was completely replaced by a new horizontal stabilizer. This piece is the outer section of a vintage 1:100 scale An-12(!), also from Plasticart. As a side note: this donation part is probably 35 years old, but here it finally found a new and good use! It is a simple but very effective change – with the new fin the converted Corsair now looks a little like a Blackburn Firebrand or later Firecrest?

c) The complete upper fuselage was replaced by a lower, scratch-built/hand-welded polystyrene piece. It received a new cockpit opening and a scratch-built fairing for the new bubble canopy. The latter comes from a Hasegawa Vought XF5U-1 (the 'Flying Pancake') and makes the Corsair look pretty fast and streamlined. A pilot (Italeri?) was added to the cockpit, which was otherwise kept OOB since it is nicely detailed, just like the rest of the OOB kit.

I guess that only 50% of the original fuselage survived this major surgery! A wonder that the thing still holds together...

Further minor mods include the radar housing (leftover from another Italeri F4U kit), new guns in the wings and the unguided 3" missiles with launch rails instead of USN HVARs. They add IMHO much to the British look of the aircraft. The RPs come from a Matchbox Bristol Beaufighter, the racks, too, but the original, massive four-missile-pallets were separated into single launch rails, for a more delicate look.

The drop tank comes from the original kit, even though its centerline position is individual. The bomb hardpoints under the wing roots were retained, but left empty. You can IMHO easily ‘kill’ a whif plane with too much and/or too exotic ordnance, and there's already enough extra about this model to discover.

Painting and markings:

To make the plane a bit exotic (and for the aforementioned group build) I decided to build it in Australian Navy colors, with Kangaroo Roundels. Initially I wanted to place the RAN Corsair into the Korean War era, but at that time the Kangaroo roundels had not been in use yet (they were introduced in July 1956, after the war). On the downside of that time window, quick ID "invasion stripes" from the Korean War era would not be plausible anymore - and they'd only go together with RAF-style roundels, which I did not want to use since I wanted a clear identification of the Corsair's (fictional) user. Therefore, the model was placed in the late 50ies.

I kept the Corsair in typical RAN colors of that era, though. Sea Furies and Gannets were benchmarks, not only for the paint scheme but also for the markings/decals. Basic colors are Extra Dark Sea Grey (Humbrol 123) from above and Sky Type S (Testors 2049) from below, with a high waterline and with EDSG wrapped around the leading edges – a detail I copied from RAN Gannets.

As a little design twist I tried to make some areas look as if Korean War ID stripes on wings and fuselage had recently been painted over - and approprtaiet detail for 1957, and just after the RAAF/RAN introduced the Kangaroo Roundels. Therefore, upper sides of wings and fuselage were painted with Testors 2079 (RLM 66) and Humbrol 90 (Beige Green, actually Sky Type S, too, but with a kore yellow-ish hue than the Testors paint). I think it worked well, and makes the simple two-tone livery a bit more attractive?

Cockpit interior was painted in RAF Cockpit Green (Humbrol 78), the landing gear as well as its wells were left in aluminum (Humbrol 56).

The kit was only slightly weathered, with a very thin black ink wash, some dry painting with lighter shades of the basic tones in order to emphasize panel lines, and even less dry painting with silver on leading edges.

Additionally, some light exhaust and gun soot stains were added, simple dry painting with matt black and some dark grey.

The decals were puzzled together from several Xtracedal aftermarket sheets (for Fairey Gannets and Hawker Sea Furys) and the scrap box. In order to add a colorful contrast I decided to add some bold squadron colors on fin and spinner, since I have seen similar markings on RAN Gannets of that time. I went for black and yellow, as complementary colors to the red/white/blue roundels. The checkered rudder was cut from an aftermarket sheet for small-scale tabletop vehicles. The spinner was painted by hand.

Finally, everything was sealed under stain varnish (Tamiya), and a slightly sprayed some matt varnish onto the upper front areas, so that the paint looks a bit dull and worn without sacrificing the sheen look.

All in all, a major conversion with little problems – waiting for the resin parts from Australia to arrive was the biggest challenge. I think that the aircraft looks pretty plausible? A subtle whif. ^^

The Exchequer Secretary to the Treasury and Minister for Equalities Kemi Badenoch visits Severn Trent Water in Coventry where she was shown their latest technology by the CEO Liv Garfield and met Kickstarters and apprentices

Taken from : www.flickr.com/photos/7-2-7

KCNA:

The working class, scientists and technicians in the railway transport field of the DPRK developed a six-axle alternating-current electric locomotive based on the latest technology.

They manufactured such core parts as traction converter, auxiliary converter and asynchronous traction motor by their own efforts and technology and completed the programs for smoothly controlling the traction power and speed of the locomotive and ensuring the safety and reliability of its running.

Through successful trial run in different railway sections like steep gradient and curve, its technological specifications were scientifically confirmed.

The development of Korean-style six-axle alternating-current electric locomotive makes it possible to further increase the country's railway transport capacity, and it is another progress in consolidating the foundation for self-supporting railway transport in keeping with the country's specific conditions.

Pyongyang Times:

A six-axle alternating-current electric locomotive with high capacity and improved traction force, speed and controllability has been developed in the DPRK.

The workers of the Kim Jong Thae Electric Locomotive Complex and scientists and technicians of Pyongyang University of Transport and the railway research institute and railway design institute of the Ministry of Railways completed thousands of designs and put forward dozens of technical innovation plans.

Such core parts as traction converter, auxiliary converter and asynchronous traction motor were made, making a breakthrough in the development of the locomotive.

Programs were also developed for smoothly controlling its traction power and speed and ensuring its safe and reliable running.

The test run of the locomotive in different railway sections with steep slopes and sharp curves scientifically confirmed its technical specifications.

Building concept

When originally was planned to construct a building each for both the House of Representatives as well as the House of Lords of the Imperial Council, so it was, for reasons of cost, ultimatively decided for a single construction. The contract for the planning went to the Danish architect Theophil Hansen in the year 1869.

Construction concept

"Because just as the Greeks have realized the largest deployment and highest perfection of art in their temples, the Romans in the forum, the later Christian period in the churches, so in our time a new monument has been added where the attention of the peoples is being concentrated, that is the Parliament." With these words, Hansen honored the institution "Parliament".

The architect also explained that he had for the parliament building chosen the style of Classical Greek because the Greeks were the first people that loved liberty and legality above all. In addition, also important constitutional terms such as "politics" or "democracy" originate from ancient Greek civilization.

Symbolic significance has also the use of materials from nearly all crown lands of the monarchy, which is to represent the interaction of all forces in the Imperial Council.

Autarky in the providing facilites, the latest technology, a well thought out down to the smallest detail magnificent building in which the architecture, fine arts, painting and crafts form a harmonious whole, this is the achievement of the architect of the parliament building.

The parliament building - a Gesamtkunstwerk

The architect put much care to synchronise the exterior and the interior of the Parliament in the sense of a Gesamtkunstwerk with each other. Therefore, he also designed the picturesque and plastic equipment himself and exercised a great influence on the implementation.

Allegories and architectural details

When one looks at the building outside and inside thoroughly it becomes clear how much the idea of ​​a humanistic state in details is echoed.

The sculptural decorations at the facade and inside illustrate the interplay of powers and the basic ideas of democracy.

The Pallas Athena fountain in front of the Parliament refers to the separation of powers as a fundamental principle of the modern constitutional state.

Pallas Athene in the middle of the fountain is to embody the political wisdom. Next to her sit two figures that represent the "legislative" and the "enforcement of laws". The legislation is illustrated by a legislative panel in the hands of the right figure, the enforcement of laws by executioner's sword and scales in the hands of the left figure.

Above the main entrance a glass mosaic frieze can be found which addresses the subject of separation of powers again. Left a female figure is recognizable holding the book of written laws in her hands and right Justitia is depicted. In the center of this frieze Austria is recognizable to whom the Crown Lands and Estates (trade, transport, agriculture and animal husbandry) pay homage.

Another painting frieze by Eduard Lebiedzki can be admired in the portico. It is now only preserved in fragments because of irreparable damage caused by the war. The allegorical representations point to the "most superb ideals and economic tasks of the Parliament".

On the gables of the building edges the administration and the judiciary are indicated.

At the beginning of the ramp leading to the Parliament one finds the "Horse Tamers". The men who tame the horses make an appeal to the MPs. They should curb their political passion.

The Greek and Roman historians claim responsibility of every political action before history.

Bauidee

War ursprünglich geplant, sowohl für das Abgeordnetenhaus als auch für das Herrenhaus des Reichsrates jeweils ein Gebäude zu errichten, so entschied man sich letztendlich aus Kostengründen für ein einziges Bauwerk. Den Auftrag für dessen Planung erhielt der dänische Architekt Theophil Hansen im Jahre 1869.

Schmerlingplatzsseite, Rampe © Gedruckte Ansicht von 1874, Darstellung des Parlaments von der Ringstraßenseite ©

Das Baukonzept

"Denn so wie die Griechen die größte Entfaltung und höchste Vollendung der Kunst in ihren Tempeln verwirklicht haben, die Römer in dem Forum, die spätere christliche Zeit in den Kirchen, so ist in unserer Zeit ein neues Monument hinzu gekommen, wo sich die Aufmerksamkeit der Völker concentrirt, das ist das Parlament." Mit diesen Worten würdigte Hansen die Institution "Parlament".

Der Architekt erklärte weiters, er habe für das Parlamentsgebäude den Stil der griechischen Klassik gewählt, weil die Hellenen das erste Volk waren, welches die Freiheit und die Gesetzmäßigkeit über alles liebte. Zudem stammen auch wichtige staatsrechtliche Begriffe wie z. B. "Politik" oder "Demokratie" aus der griechischen Antike.

Symbolhafte Bedeutung hat auch die Verwendung von Materialien aus fast allen Kronländern der Monarchie, die das Zusammenwirken aller Kräfte im Reichsrat versinnbildlichen soll.

Autarkie in den Versorgungseinrichtungen, modernste Technik, ein bis ins kleinste Detail durchdachtes monumentales Bauwerk, bei dem Architektur, Bildende Kunst, Malerei und Handwerk ein harmonisches Ganzes bilden, darin besteht die Leistung des Architekten des Reichsratsgebäudes.

Das Parlamentsgebäude – ein Gesamtkunstwerk

Der Architekt legte viel Wert darauf, das Äußere und das Innere des Parlaments im Sinne eines Gesamtkunstwerkes aufeinander abzustimmen. Deshalb entwarf er auch die malerischen und plastischen Ausstattungen selbst und nahm auf die Umsetzung großen Einfluss.

Allegorien und architektonische Details

Wenn man das Gebäude außen und innen genau betrachtet wird deutlich, wie sehr sich die Idee eines humanistischen Staates in Details wiederfindet.

Mosaik auf Goldgrund von Eduard Lebiedzky, 1902 fertig gestellt: Huldigung der Austria durch die im Reichsrat vertretenen Kronländer. ©

Der plastische Schmuck an der Fassade und im Inneren verdeutlicht das Zusammenspiel der Gewalten und die Grundideen der Demokratie.

Der Athenebrunnen vor dem Parlamentsgebäude verweist auf die Gewaltentrennung als ein Grundprinzip des modernen Rechtsstaates.

Pallas Athene in der Mitte des Brunnens soll die Staatsweisheit verkörpern. Neben ihr sitzen zwei Figuren, die die "Gesetzgebung" und den "Vollzug der Gesetze" darstellen. Die Gesetzgebung wird durch eine Gesetzestafel in der Hand der rechten Figur verdeutlicht, der Vollzug der Gesetze durch Richtschwert und Waage in den Händen der linken Figur.

Über dem Haupteingang ist ein Glasmosaikfries zu finden, das das Motiv der Gewaltentrennung erneut aufgreift. Links ist eine Frauengestalt zu erkennen, die das Buch der geschriebenen Gesetze in ihren Händen hält und rechts ist Justitia abgebildet. Im Zentrum dieses Frieses ist Austria zu erkennen, der die Kronländer und die Stände (Handel, Verkehr, Ackerbau und Viehzucht) huldigen.

Ein weiteres Gemäldefries von Eduard Lebiedzki ist in der Säulenhalle zu bewundern. Es ist wegen irreparabler Schäden durch den Krieg heute nur noch in Fragmenten erhalten. Die allegorischen Darstellungen weisen auf die "vorzüglichsten Ideale und volkswirtschaftlichen Aufgaben des Parlaments" hin.

Auf den Giebeln der Gebäudeflanken wird auf die Verwaltung und die Justiz hingewiesen.

Am Beginn der Rampe, die zum Parlament führt, findet man die "Rossebändiger". Die Männer, die die Pferde zähmen, stellen einen Appell an die ParlamentarierInnen dar. Sie sollen ihre politische Leidenschaft zügeln.

Die griechischen und römischen Geschichtsschreiber mahnen Verantwortung jedes politischen Handelns vor der Geschichte ein.

www.parlament.gv.at/GEBF/ARGE/Baugeschichte/Bauidee/index...

New Techno World is a best online source, by which give the latest technology news updates

I have always been fascinated with the suburban electric railway that ran between Lancaster Castle & Green Ayre Stations to Morecambe and Heysham. The railway was originally electrified in 1908 by The Midland Railway but was converted during the late 1950's to become and experimental route for testing the then latest technology in AC electrics with a view to the electrification of the West Coast Main Line. For this experiment four three car sets of former LNWR North London Suburban stock were converted from DC 4th Rail pick up to AC overhead pick up at Wolverton Works. These units had much charm and splendour and here is M29023M seen here in Platform 2 of Lancaster Castle Station on 1st January 1966. (Photo by The Coltas Trust)

"Listen. I want to be outdoors. And I want to work. Not hang around indoors whilst you´re trying to figure out how the latest technology works."

Regional court and District court Schießstattring number 6

The building of the Regional and the District Court of St. Pölten was built together with the directly connected prison St. Pölten from 1901 to 1903. The at that time District Court of St. Pölten stands slightly offset from the row of buildings towards the rear. The three-story building was from 1945 to 1955 the seat of the Soviet city commander and was restored in 1957. Between 1992 and 1996, an extension wing was built in the Heßstraße by Paul Pfaffenbichler. In June 2009, the working for an additional building in the Andreas-Hofer-Straße was started, by now finished, further on was built a garage under the forecourt and designed the new place.

Judicial institution St. Pölten

JA St. Pölten seen from the north

The prison of St. Pölten is a court jail, organisationally the Regional Court of the capital of Lower Austria St. Pölten assigned.

As court jail the prison is responsible for the admission of male prisoners whose total prison term is not exceeding 18 months as well as for the housing of prisoners awaiting trail for the Circuit court. In addition, young males with a penalty for up to six months are taken in.

Overall, the prison has an intake capacity of 250 places of detention. On the reporting date of 30 August 2007, 291 of them were used, which corresponded to a total capacity of 136.4 %.

The prison of St. Pölten was built together with the kuk county courthouse St. Pölten in the years 1901 until 1903.

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justizanstalt_St._P%C3%B6lten

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schie%C3%9Fstattring

(further information is available by clicking on the link at the end of page!)

History of the City St. Pölten

In order to present concise history of the Lower Austrian capital is in the shop of the city museum a richly illustrated full version on CD-ROM.

Tip

On the occasion of the commemoration of the pogroms of November 1938, the Institute for Jewish History of Austria its virtual Memorbuch (Memory book) for the destroyed St. Pölten Jewish community since 10th November 2012 is putting online.

Prehistory

The time from which there is no written record is named after the main materials used for tools and weapons: Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age. Using the latest technologies, archaeologists from archaeological finds and aerial photographs can trace a fairly detailed picture of life at that time. Especially for the time from the settling down of the People (New Stone Age), now practicing agriculture and animal husbandry, in the territory of St. Pölten lively settlement activity can be proved. In particular, cemeteries are important for the research, because the dead were laid in the grave everyday objects and jewelry, the forms of burial changing over time - which in turn gives the archeology valuable clues for the temporal determination. At the same time, prehistory of Sankt Pölten would not be half as good documented without the construction of the expressway S33 and other large buildings, where millions of cubic meters of earth were moved - under the watchful eyes of the Federal Monuments Office!

A final primeval chapter characterized the Celts, who settled about 450 BC our area and in addition to a new culture and religion also brought with them the potter's wheel. The kingdom of Noricum influenced till the penetration of the Romans the development in our area.

Roman period, migrations

The Romans conquered in 15 BC the Celtic Empire and established hereinafter the Roman province of Noricum. Borders were protected by military camp (forts), in the hinterland emerged civilian cities, almost all systematically laid out according to the same plan. The civil and commercial city Aelium Cetium, as St. Pölten was called (city law 121/122), consisted in the 4th Century already of heated stone houses, trade and craft originated thriving urban life, before the Romans in the first third of the 5th Century retreated to Italy.

The subsequent period went down as the Migration Period in official historiography, for which the settlement of the Sankt Pöltner downtown can not be proved. Cemeteries witness the residence of the Lombards in our area, later it was the Avars, extending their empire to the Enns.

The recent archaeological excavations on the Cathedral Square 2010/2011, in fact, the previous knowledge of St.Pölten colonization not have turned upside down but enriched by many details, whose full analysis and publication are expected in the near future.

Middle Ages

With the submission of the Avars by Charlemagne around 800 AD Christianity was gaining a foothold, the Bavarian Benedictine monastery of Tegernsee establishing a daughter house here - as founder are mentioned the brothers Adalbert and Ottokar - equipped with the relics of St. Hippolytus. The name St. Ypolit over the centuries should turn into Sankt Pölten. After the Hungarian wars and the resettlement of the monastery as Canons Regular of St. Augustine under the influence of Passau St. Pölten received mid-11th Century market rights.

In the second half of the 20th century historians stated that records in which the rights of citizens were held were to be qualified as Town Charters. Vienna is indeed already in 1137 as a city ("civitas") mentioned in a document, but the oldest Viennese city charter dates only from the year 1221, while the Bishop of Passau, Konrad, already in 1159 the St. Pöltnern secured:

A St. Pöltner citizen who has to answer to the court, has the right to make use of an "advocate".

He must not be forced to rid himself of the accusation by a judgment of God.

A St. Pöltner citizen may be convicted only by statements of fellow citizens, not by strangers.

From the 13th Century exercised a city judge appointed by the lord of the city the high and low jurisdiction as chairman of the council meetings and the Municipal Court, Inner and Outer Council supported him during the finding of justice. Venue for the public verdict was the in the 13th Century created new marketplace, the "Broad Market", now the town hall square. Originally square-shaped, it was only later to a rectangle reduced. Around it arose the market district, which together with the monastery district, the wood district and the Ledererviertel (quarter of the leather goods manufacturer) was protected by a double city wall.

The dependence of St. Pölten of the bishop of Passau is shown in the municipal coat of arms and the city seal. Based on the emblem of the heraldic animal of the Lord of the city, so the Bishop of Passau, it shows an upright standing wolf holding a crosier in its paw.

Modern Times

In the course of the armed conflict between the Emperor Frederick III . and King Matthias of Hungary pledged the Bishop of Passau the town on the Hungarian king. From 1485 stood Lower Austria as a whole under Hungarian rule. The most important document of this period is the awarding of the city coat of arms by King Matthias Corvinus in the year 1487. After the death of the opponents 1490 and 1493 could Frederick's son Maximilian reconquer Lower Austria. He considered St. Pölten as spoils of war and had no intention of returning it to the diocese of Passau. The city government has often been leased subsequently, for instance, to the family Wellenstein, and later to the families Trautson and Auersperg.

That St. Pölten now was a princely city, found its expression in the coat of arms letter of the King Ferdinand I. from 1538: From now on, the wolf had no crosier anymore, and the from the viewer's point of view left half showed the reverse Austrian shield, so silver-red-silver.

To the 16th Century also goes back the construction of St. Pöltner City Hall. The 1503 by judge and council acquired house was subsequently expanded, rebuilt, extended and provided with a tower.

A for the urban history research important picture, painted in 1623, has captured scenes of the peasant uprising of 1597, but also allows a view to the city and lets the viewer read some of the details of the then state of construction. The economic inconveniences of that time were only exacerbated by the Thirty Years War, at the end of which a fifth of the houses were uninhabited and the citizenry was impoverished.

Baroque

After the successful defense against the Turks in 1683, the economy started to recover and a significant building boom began. Lower Austria turned into the land of the baroque abbeys and monasteries, as it is familiar to us today.

In St. Pölten, the change of the cityscape is closely connected to the Baroque architect Jakob Prandtauer. In addition to the Baroquisation of the interior of the cathedral, a number of buildings in St. Pölten go to his account, so the reconstruction of the castle Ochsenburg, the erection of the Schwaighof and of the core building of the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Englische Fräuleins - English Maidens) - from 1706 the seat of the first school order of St.Pölten - as well as of several bourgeois houses.

Joseph Munggenast, nephew and co-worker of Prandtauer, completed the Baroquisation of the cathedral, he baroquised the facade of the town hall (1727) and numerous bourgeois houses and designed a bridge over the Traisen which existed until 1907. In the decoration of the church buildings were throughout Tyroleans collaborating, which Jakob Prandtauer had brought along from his homeland (Tyrol) to St. Pölten, for example, Paul Troger and Peter Widerin.

Maria Theresa and her son Joseph II: Their reforms in the city of the 18th Century also left a significant mark. School foundings as a result of compulsory education, the dissolution of the monasteries and hereinafter - from 1785 - the new role of St. Pölten as a bishop's seat are consequences of their policies.

1785 was also the year of a fundamental alteration of the old Council Constitution: The city judge was replaced by one magistrate consisting of five persons, at the head was a mayor. For the first mayor the painter Josef Hackl was chosen.

The 19th century

Despite the Napoleonic Wars - St. Pölten in 1805 and 1809 was occupied by the French - and despite the state bankruptcy of 1811, increased the number of businesses constantly, although the economic importance of the city for the time being did not go beyond the near vicinity.

Against the background of monitoring by the state secret police, which prevented any political commitment between the Congress of Vienna and the 1848 revolution, the citizens withdrew into private life. Sense of family, fostering of domestic music, prominent salon societies in which even a Franz Schubert socialized, or the construction of the city theater were visible signs of this attitude.

The economic upswing of the city did not begin until after the revolution of the year 1848. A prerequisite for this was the construction of the Empress Elisabeth Western Railway, moving Vienna, Linz, soon Salzburg, too, in a reachable distance. The city walls were pulled down, St. Pölten could unfold. The convenient traffic situation favored factory start-ups, and so arose a lace factory, a revolver factory, a soap factory or, for example, as a precursor of a future large-scale enterprise, the braid, ribbon and Strickgarnerzeugung (knitting yarn production) of Matthias Salcher in Harland.

In other areas, too, the Gründerzeit (years of rapid industrial expansion in Germany - and Austria) in Sankt Pölten was honouring its name: The city got schools, a hospital, gas lanterns, canalization, hot springs and summer bath.

The 20th century

At the beginning of the 20th Century the city experienced another burst of development, initiated by the construction of the power station in 1903, because electricity was the prerequisite for the settlement of large companies. In particular, the companies Voith and Glanzstoff and the main workshop of the Federal Railways attracted many workers. New Traisen bridge, tram, Mariazell Railway and other infrastructure buildings were erected; St. Pölten obtained a synagogue. The Art Nouveau made it repeatedly into the urban architecture - just think of the Olbrich House - and inspired also the painting, as exponents worth to be mentioned are Ernst Stöhr or Ferdinand Andri.

What the outbreak of the First World War in broad outlines meant for the monarchy, on a smaller scale also St. Pölten has felt. The city was heavily impacted by the deployment of army units, a POW camp, a military hospital and a sick bay. Industrial enterprises were partly converted into war production, partly closed. Unemployment, housing emergency and food shortages long after the war still were felt painfully.

The 1919 to mayor elected Social Democrat Hubert Schnofl after the war tried to raise the standard of living of the people by improving the social welfare and health care. The founding of a housing cooperative (Wohnungsgenossenschaft), the construction of the water line and the establishment of new factories were further attempts to stimulate the stiffening economy whose descent could not be stopped until 1932.

After the National Socialist regime had stirred false hopes and plunged the world into war, St. Pölten was no longer the city as it has been before. Not only the ten devastating bombings of the last year of the war had left its marks, also the restrictive persecution of Jews and political dissidents had torn holes in the structure of the population. Ten years of Russian occupation subsequently did the rest to traumatize the population, but at this time arose from the ruins a more modern St. Pölten, with the new Traisen bridge, district heating, schools.

This trend continued, an era of recovery and modernization made the economic miracle palpable. Already in 1972 was - even if largely as a result of incorporations - exceeded the 50.000-inhabitant-limit.

Elevation to capital status (capital of Lower Austria), 10 July 1986: No other event in this dimension could have become the booster detonation of an up to now ongoing development thrust. Since then in a big way new residential and commercial areas were opened up, built infrastructure constructions, schools and universities brought into being to enrich the educational landscape. East of the Old Town arose the governmental and cultural district, and the list of architects wears sonorous names such as Ernst Hoffmann (NÖ (Lower Austria) Landhaus; Klangturm), Klaus Kada (Festspielhaus), Hans Hollein (Shedhalle and Lower Austrian Provincial Museum), Karin Bily, Paul Katzberger and Michael Loudon ( NÖ State Library and NÖ State Archive).

European Diploma, European flag, badge of honor, Europe Price: Between 1996 and 2001, received St. Pölten numerous appreciations of its EU commitment - as a sort of recognition of the Council of Europe for the dissemination of the EU-idea through international town twinnings, a major Europe exhibition or, for example, the establishment and chair of the "Network of European medium-sized cities".

On the way into the 21st century

Just now happened and already history: What the St. Pöltnern as just experienced sticks in their minds, travelers and newcomers within a short time should be told. The theater and the hospital handing over to the province of Lower Austria, a new mayor always on the go, who was able to earn since 2004 already numerous laurels (Tags: polytechnic, downtown enhancement, building lease scheme, bus concept) - all the recent changes are just now condensed into spoken and written language in order to make, from now on, the history of the young provincial capital in the 3rd millennium nachlesbar (checkable).

www.st-poelten.gv.at/Content.Node/freizeit-kultur/kultur/...

Sarà poi vero che queste moderne

tastiere fanno tutto da sole?

Sicuramente le ultime tecnologie

ci danno... una mano, ma forse solo

questo non basta!!!

( Bizzarie del lunedi.)

Then true that these modern

Keyboards are all alone?

Surely the latest technologies

Give us ... Helped, but perhaps only

This is not enough!

Central Station

Object ID: 21640 Station No. 1

After the decision to construct the "Empress Elisabeth Western Railway" in 1851 took place on 9 September 1856 the ground-breaking ceremony for the St. Pölten Main Railway Station, just two years later the first trains could use the new stopping place. After additional railway lines were connected the existing building was too small, from 1887 the current station building was built with passage to the Kremser country road (Landstraße) in two years time.

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denkmalgesch%C3%BCtzte_Objekte_in_S...

(further information is available by clicking on the link at the end of page!)

History of the City St. Pölten

In order to present concise history of the Lower Austrian capital is in the shop of the city museum a richly illustrated full version on CD-ROM.

Tip

On the occasion of the commemoration of the pogroms of November 1938, the Institute for Jewish History of Austria its virtual Memorbuch (Memory book) for the destroyed St. Pölten Jewish community since 10th November 2012 is putting online.

Prehistory

The time from which there is no written record is named after the main materials used for tools and weapons: Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age. Using the latest technologies, archaeologists from archaeological finds and aerial photographs can trace a fairly detailed picture of life at that time. Especially for the time from the settling down of the People (New Stone Age), now practicing agriculture and animal husbandry, in the territory of St. Pölten lively settlement activity can be proved. In particular, cemeteries are important for the research, because the dead were laid in the grave everyday objects and jewelry, the forms of burial changing over time - which in turn gives the archeology valuable clues for the temporal determination. At the same time, prehistory of Sankt Pölten would not be half as good documented without the construction of the expressway S33 and other large buildings, where millions of cubic meters of earth were moved - under the watchful eyes of the Federal Monuments Office!

A final primeval chapter characterized the Celts, who settled about 450 BC our area and in addition to a new culture and religion also brought with them the potter's wheel. The kingdom of Noricum influenced till the penetration of the Romans the development in our area.

Roman period, migrations

The Romans conquered in 15 BC the Celtic Empire and established hereinafter the Roman province of Noricum. Borders were protected by military camp (forts), in the hinterland emerged civilian cities, almost all systematically laid out according to the same plan. The civil and commercial city Aelium Cetium, as St. Pölten was called (city law 121/122), consisted in the 4th Century already of heated stone houses, trade and craft originated thriving urban life, before the Romans in the first third of the 5th Century retreated to Italy.

The subsequent period went down as the Migration Period in official historiography, for which the settlement of the Sankt Pöltner downtown can not be proved. Cemeteries witness the residence of the Lombards in our area, later it was the Avars, extending their empire to the Enns.

The recent archaeological excavations on the Cathedral Square 2010/2011, in fact, the previous knowledge of St.Pölten colonization not have turned upside down but enriched by many details, whose full analysis and publication are expected in the near future.

Middle Ages

With the submission of the Avars by Charlemagne around 800 AD Christianity was gaining a foothold, the Bavarian Benedictine monastery of Tegernsee establishing a daughter house here - as founder are mentioned the brothers Adalbert and Ottokar - equipped with the relics of St. Hippolytus. The name St. Ypolit over the centuries should turn into Sankt Pölten. After the Hungarian wars and the resettlement of the monastery as Canons Regular of St. Augustine under the influence of Passau St. Pölten received mid-11th Century market rights.

In the second half of the 20th century historians stated that records in which the rights of citizens were held were to be qualified as Town Charters. Vienna is indeed already in 1137 as a city ("civitas") mentioned in a document, but the oldest Viennese city charter dates only from the year 1221, while the Bishop of Passau, Konrad, already in 1159 the St. Pöltnern secured:

A St. Pöltner citizen who has to answer to the court, has the right to make use of an "advocate".

He must not be forced to rid himself of the accusation by a judgment of God.

A St. Pöltner citizen may be convicted only by statements of fellow citizens, not by strangers.

From the 13th Century exercised a city judge appointed by the lord of the city the high and low jurisdiction as chairman of the council meetings and the Municipal Court, Inner and Outer Council supported him during the finding of justice. Venue for the public verdict was the in the 13th Century created new marketplace, the "Broad Market", now the town hall square. Originally square-shaped, it was only later to a rectangle reduced. Around it arose the market district, which together with the monastery district, the wood district and the Ledererviertel (quarter of the leather goods manufacturer) was protected by a double city wall.

The dependence of St. Pölten of the bishop of Passau is shown in the municipal coat of arms and the city seal. Based on the emblem of the heraldic animal of the Lord of the city, so the Bishop of Passau, it shows an upright standing wolf holding a crosier in its paw.

Modern Times

In the course of the armed conflict between the Emperor Frederick III . and King Matthias of Hungary pledged the Bishop of Passau the town on the Hungarian king. From 1485 stood Lower Austria as a whole under Hungarian rule. The most important document of this period is the awarding of the city coat of arms by King Matthias Corvinus in the year 1487. After the death of the opponents 1490 and 1493 could Frederick's son Maximilian reconquer Lower Austria. He considered St. Pölten as spoils of war and had no intention of returning it to the diocese of Passau. The city government has often been leased subsequently, for instance, to the family Wellenstein, and later to the families Trautson and Auersperg.

That St. Pölten now was a princely city, found its expression in the coat of arms letter of the King Ferdinand I. from 1538: From now on, the wolf had no crosier anymore, and the from the viewer's point of view left half showed the reverse Austrian shield, so silver-red-silver.

To the 16th Century also goes back the construction of St. Pöltner City Hall. The 1503 by judge and council acquired house was subsequently expanded, rebuilt, extended and provided with a tower.

A for the urban history research important picture, painted in 1623, has captured scenes of the peasant uprising of 1597, but also allows a view to the city and lets the viewer read some of the details of the then state of construction. The economic inconveniences of that time were only exacerbated by the Thirty Years War, at the end of which a fifth of the houses were uninhabited and the citizenry was impoverished.

Baroque

After the successful defense against the Turks in 1683, the economy started to recover and a significant building boom began. Lower Austria turned into the land of the baroque abbeys and monasteries, as it is familiar to us today.

In St. Pölten, the change of the cityscape is closely connected to the Baroque architect Jakob Prandtauer. In addition to the Baroquisation of the interior of the cathedral, a number of buildings in St. Pölten go to his account, so the reconstruction of the castle Ochsenburg, the erection of the Schwaighof and of the core building of the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Englische Fräuleins - English Maidens) - from 1706 the seat of the first school order of St.Pölten - as well as of several bourgeois houses.

Joseph Munggenast, nephew and co-worker of Prandtauer, completed the Baroquisation of the cathedral, he baroquised the facade of the town hall (1727) and numerous bourgeois houses and designed a bridge over the Traisen which existed until 1907. In the decoration of the church buildings were throughout Tyroleans collaborating, which Jakob Prandtauer had brought along from his homeland (Tyrol) to St. Pölten, for example, Paul Troger and Peter Widerin.

Maria Theresa and her son Joseph II: Their reforms in the city of the 18th Century also left a significant mark. School foundings as a result of compulsory education, the dissolution of the monasteries and hereinafter - from 1785 - the new role of St. Pölten as a bishop's seat are consequences of their policies.

1785 was also the year of a fundamental alteration of the old Council Constitution: The city judge was replaced by one magistrate consisting of five persons, at the head was a mayor. For the first mayor the painter Josef Hackl was chosen.

The 19th century

Despite the Napoleonic Wars - St. Pölten in 1805 and 1809 was occupied by the French - and despite the state bankruptcy of 1811, increased the number of businesses constantly, although the economic importance of the city for the time being did not go beyond the near vicinity.

Against the background of monitoring by the state secret police, which prevented any political commitment between the Congress of Vienna and the 1848 revolution, the citizens withdrew into private life. Sense of family, fostering of domestic music, prominent salon societies in which even a Franz Schubert socialized, or the construction of the city theater were visible signs of this attitude.

The economic upswing of the city did not begin until after the revolution of the year 1848. A prerequisite for this was the construction of the Empress Elisabeth Western Railway, moving Vienna, Linz, soon Salzburg, too, in a reachable distance. The city walls were pulled down, St. Pölten could unfold. The convenient traffic situation favored factory start-ups, and so arose a lace factory, a revolver factory, a soap factory or, for example, as a precursor of a future large-scale enterprise, the braid, ribbon and Strickgarnerzeugung (knitting yarn production) of Matthias Salcher in Harland.

In other areas, too, the Gründerzeit (years of rapid industrial expansion in Germany - and Austria) in Sankt Pölten was honouring its name: The city got schools, a hospital, gas lanterns, canalization, hot springs and summer bath.

The 20th century

At the beginning of the 20th Century the city experienced another burst of development, initiated by the construction of the power station in 1903, because electricity was the prerequisite for the settlement of large companies. In particular, the companies Voith and Glanzstoff and the main workshop of the Federal Railways attracted many workers. New Traisen bridge, tram, Mariazell Railway and other infrastructure buildings were erected; St. Pölten obtained a synagogue. The Art Nouveau made it repeatedly into the urban architecture - just think of the Olbrich House - and inspired also the painting, as exponents worth to be mentioned are Ernst Stöhr or Ferdinand Andri.

What the outbreak of the First World War in broad outlines meant for the monarchy, on a smaller scale also St. Pölten has felt. The city was heavily impacted by the deployment of army units, a POW camp, a military hospital and a sick bay. Industrial enterprises were partly converted into war production, partly closed. Unemployment, housing emergency and food shortages long after the war still were felt painfully.

The 1919 to mayor elected Social Democrat Hubert Schnofl after the war tried to raise the standard of living of the people by improving the social welfare and health care. The founding of a housing cooperative (Wohnungsgenossenschaft), the construction of the water line and the establishment of new factories were further attempts to stimulate the stiffening economy whose descent could not be stopped until 1932.

After the National Socialist regime had stirred false hopes and plunged the world into war, St. Pölten was no longer the city as it has been before. Not only the ten devastating bombings of the last year of the war had left its marks, also the restrictive persecution of Jews and political dissidents had torn holes in the structure of the population. Ten years of Russian occupation subsequently did the rest to traumatize the population, but at this time arose from the ruins a more modern St. Pölten, with the new Traisen bridge, district heating, schools.

This trend continued, an era of recovery and modernization made the economic miracle palpable. Already in 1972 was - even if largely as a result of incorporations - exceeded the 50.000-inhabitant-limit.

Elevation to capital status (capital of Lower Austria), 10 July 1986: No other event in this dimension could have become the booster detonation of an up to now ongoing development thrust. Since then in a big way new residential and commercial areas were opened up, built infrastructure constructions, schools and universities brought into being to enrich the educational landscape. East of the Old Town arose the governmental and cultural district, and the list of architects wears sonorous names such as Ernst Hoffmann (NÖ (Lower Austria) Landhaus; Klangturm), Klaus Kada (Festspielhaus), Hans Hollein (Shedhalle and Lower Austrian Provincial Museum), Karin Bily, Paul Katzberger and Michael Loudon ( NÖ State Library and NÖ State Archive).

European Diploma, European flag, badge of honor, Europe Price: Between 1996 and 2001, received St. Pölten numerous appreciations of its EU commitment - as a sort of recognition of the Council of Europe for the dissemination of the EU-idea through international town twinnings, a major Europe exhibition or, for example, the establishment and chair of the "Network of European medium-sized cities".

On the way into the 21st century

Just now happened and already history: What the St. Pöltnern as just experienced sticks in their minds, travelers and newcomers within a short time should be told. The theater and the hospital handing over to the province of Lower Austria, a new mayor always on the go, who was able to earn since 2004 already numerous laurels (Tags: polytechnic, downtown enhancement, building lease scheme, bus concept) - all the recent changes are just now condensed into spoken and written language in order to make, from now on, the history of the young provincial capital in the 3rd millennium nachlesbar (checkable).

www.st-poelten.gv.at/Content.Node/freizeit-kultur/kultur/...

via John Currin (JC - Ex RNZN) - Google+ Public Posts ift.tt/1VDMVX9

New post (US Carrier Ike Gets Fine-Tune) has been published on Naval, Military, and Marine Life

US Carrier Ike Gets Fine-Tune

zoom

With the F-35C aircraft going through its developmental test phase, US Navy’s Nimitz-class aircraft carriers are making modifications to keep up with the latest technology.

USS Dwight D. Eisenhower (CVN 69) (Ike), who is currently hosting the Navy’s newest warplane, began these upgrades months ago while still in the shipyard.

In order to optimize carrier operations, Ike modified its jet blast deflectors (JBD) and catapults to better support the F-35C.

A jet blast deflector does just what its name suggests. It is a safety device that redirects the high energy exhaust from a jet engine away from equipment and people on the flight deck to prevent damage and injury.

Aviation Boatswain’s Mate (Equipment) 1st Class Shamon Smith, Air Department’s V-2 division maintenance leading petty officer aboard Ike said:

We completely rebuilt catapult one’s JBD on the ship. We replaced some of the salt-water piping which allows for a rapid flow of pressure throughout the JBDs so it can cool down a lot faster under strenuous conditions which make them perfect for the F-35C.

Catapult two also received a complete overhaul, but it was built off-ship by the Carrier and Field Service Unit (CAFSU) and the Voyage Repair Team (VRT). The CAFSU and VRT engineers ensure carriers are operating under the latest instructions in order to maintain and update equipment for catapult flight operations.

Changes were also made to the arresting system that is responsible for “trapping,” or stopping, an aircraft during an arrested landing. The Advance Recovery Control (ARC), also installed while in the shipyard, aides in ensuring a safe recovery with every trap.

Besides making physical modifications to Ike, select Sailors were given the chance to visit the test site in Maryland so they could get a jump start on learning what it takes to launch and recover an F-35C.

The F-35C is currently in its second developmental test phase (DT-II). During DT-II, the test aircraft will perform a variety of operational maneuvers while simulating maintenance operations and conducting general maintenance and fit tests for the aircraft and support equipment. Following the analysis of DT-II flight test data, the ITF test team will conduct a thorough assessment of the F-35C’s performance in the shipboard environment before advising the Navy on any adjustments necessary to ensure that the next generation fighter is ready to meet its scheduled initial operating capability in 2018.

Image: US Navy

Posted by - John Currin

View full size (320x214)

A heavily modified G53 updated with the latest technology for optimal performance.

Credits:

Wotiek for the fire selector

PMG Dude for the scope

Dethkalus for some ideas on the patterns

Today, BMW introduced the revised 6th generation of their luxury sedan which receives extensive updates in design, technology and powertrain. For example. the 2020 BMW 7 Series’ turbocharged 6, 8 and 12 cylinder engines will be joined by a new 6-cylinder plug-in-hybrid variant when it goes into production this March. Additionally, iDrive 7 along with Mobileye interior camera and available Driving Assistant Professional bring BMW’s latest technology to the brand’s pinnacle luxury sedan. Full details at AutoIconic.com

Brand new Engine 1 is designed to be a workhorse for the department. Outfitted with the latest technology, this apparatus is meant for putting out fires!

Technical Specs:

2015 Pierce Arrow XT

470 HP Detroit Diesel DD13 engine

TAK-4 Independent Front Suspension

Seats 4

Waterous 2000 gpm pump

Husky 300 foam system

2000 gpm Stang Monitor

500 gal. water

50 gal. Class A Foam

50 gal. Class B Foam

1000 ft. of 5" LDH

750 ft. of 3" hose

1000 ft. of 2.5" hose

750 ft. of 1.75" hose

Various nozzles and adaptors

32 ft. of ground ladders

Engine company tools

Forcible entry tools

Staffed by 4

Captain I

Engineer

Firefighter

Firefighter

Builder's note: Like on Truck 1, I used my new technique for the Arrow XT cab.

Credits:

Paulo R. for the SNOT roll-up doors

LAFD new KME engines

Hershey VFD Engine 48

Arcadia, CA FD Engine 105

Indianapolis, IN FD Engine 7

Rates and Comments (particularly to building techniques) will be greatly appreciated!

I’m proud that LUMAS, a first class galleria, sell some of my pictures as a LIMITED EDITION now.

All pictures are complete new versions of the original RAW pictures, using the latest technologies to get the highest print quality. LUMAS works with first class WhiteWall print service and deliver the highes quality available.

A couple of weeks before they send me the final artist proofs (size 110x165 cm) and the quality blow me away.

LUMAS will show some of my work around the world at up to 30 galleries. If you like to see a printed version, please check the LUMAS website at www.lumas.de or call your local LUMAS gallery and ask about my work.

You find this picture at www.lumas.de/pictures/wolf_ademeit-1/zebra_portrait/

Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Englische Fräuleins - English Maidens) and Monastery Church to the Immaculate Conception

Object ID: 22625 Linzer Straße 9, 11

The complex of the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary extends from the Linzer Straße to Schneckgasse, between the Baroque building in the Linzer Straße and the 1929 erected school at the Schneckgasse lies the monastery garden. In 1706 for the first time it has been moved into the baroque monastery wing and this one was continuously expanded in the following decades. From 1748, the Institute got its present appearance, participating artists have included Gottfried Kirschner, the son of Peter Widerins and Bartolomeo Altomonte.

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_der_denkmalgesch%C3%BCtzten_O...(Stadtteil)

(further information is available by clicking on the link at the end of page!)

History of the City St. Pölten

In order to present concise history of the Lower Austrian capital is in the shop of the city museum a richly illustrated full version on CD-ROM.

Tip

On the occasion of the commemoration of the pogroms of November 1938, the Institute for Jewish History of Austria its virtual Memorbuch (Memory book) for the destroyed St. Pölten Jewish community since 10th November 2012 is putting online.

Prehistory

The time from which there is no written record is named after the main materials used for tools and weapons: Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age. Using the latest technologies, archaeologists from archaeological finds and aerial photographs can trace a fairly detailed picture of life at that time. Especially for the time from the settling down of the People (New Stone Age), now practicing agriculture and animal husbandry, in the territory of St. Pölten lively settlement activity can be proved. In particular, cemeteries are important for the research, because the dead were laid in the grave everyday objects and jewelry, the forms of burial changing over time - which in turn gives the archeology valuable clues for the temporal determination. At the same time, prehistory of Sankt Pölten would not be half as good documented without the construction of the expressway S33 and other large buildings, where millions of cubic meters of earth were moved - under the watchful eyes of the Federal Monuments Office!

A final primeval chapter characterized the Celts, who settled about 450 BC our area and in addition to a new culture and religion also brought with them the potter's wheel. The kingdom of Noricum influenced till the penetration of the Romans the development in our area.

Roman period, migrations

The Romans conquered in 15 BC the Celtic Empire and established hereinafter the Roman province of Noricum. Borders were protected by military camp (forts), in the hinterland emerged civilian cities, almost all systematically laid out according to the same plan. The civil and commercial city Aelium Cetium, as St. Pölten was called (city law 121/122), consisted in the 4th Century already of heated stone houses, trade and craft originated thriving urban life, before the Romans in the first third of the 5th Century retreated to Italy.

The subsequent period went down as the Migration Period in official historiography, for which the settlement of the Sankt Pöltner downtown can not be proved. Cemeteries witness the residence of the Lombards in our area, later it was the Avars, extending their empire to the Enns.

The recent archaeological excavations on the Cathedral Square 2010/2011, in fact, the previous knowledge of St.Pölten colonization not have turned upside down but enriched by many details, whose full analysis and publication are expected in the near future.

Middle Ages

With the submission of the Avars by Charlemagne around 800 AD Christianity was gaining a foothold, the Bavarian Benedictine monastery of Tegernsee establishing a daughter house here - as founder are mentioned the brothers Adalbert and Ottokar - equipped with the relics of St. Hippolytus. The name St. Ypolit over the centuries should turn into Sankt Pölten. After the Hungarian wars and the resettlement of the monastery as Canons Regular of St. Augustine under the influence of Passau St. Pölten received mid-11th Century market rights.

In the second half of the 20th century historians stated that records in which the rights of citizens were held were to be qualified as Town Charters. Vienna is indeed already in 1137 as a city ("civitas") mentioned in a document, but the oldest Viennese city charter dates only from the year 1221, while the Bishop of Passau, Konrad, already in 1159 the St. Pöltnern secured:

A St. Pöltner citizen who has to answer to the court, has the right to make use of an "advocate".

He must not be forced to rid himself of the accusation by a judgment of God.

A St. Pöltner citizen may be convicted only by statements of fellow citizens, not by strangers.

From the 13th Century exercised a city judge appointed by the lord of the city the high and low jurisdiction as chairman of the council meetings and the Municipal Court, Inner and Outer Council supported him during the finding of justice. Venue for the public verdict was the in the 13th Century created new marketplace, the "Broad Market", now the town hall square. Originally square-shaped, it was only later to a rectangle reduced. Around it arose the market district, which together with the monastery district, the wood district and the Ledererviertel (quarter of the leather goods manufacturer) was protected by a double city wall.

The dependence of St. Pölten of the bishop of Passau is shown in the municipal coat of arms and the city seal. Based on the emblem of the heraldic animal of the Lord of the city, so the Bishop of Passau, it shows an upright standing wolf holding a crosier in its paw.

Modern Times

In the course of the armed conflict between the Emperor Frederick III . and King Matthias of Hungary pledged the Bishop of Passau the town on the Hungarian king. From 1485 stood Lower Austria as a whole under Hungarian rule. The most important document of this period is the awarding of the city coat of arms by King Matthias Corvinus in the year 1487. After the death of the opponents 1490 and 1493 could Frederick's son Maximilian reconquer Lower Austria. He considered St. Pölten as spoils of war and had no intention of returning it to the diocese of Passau. The city government has often been leased subsequently, for instance, to the family Wellenstein, and later to the families Trautson and Auersperg.

That St. Pölten now was a princely city, found its expression in the coat of arms letter of the King Ferdinand I. from 1538: From now on, the wolf had no crosier anymore, and the from the viewer's point of view left half showed the reverse Austrian shield, so silver-red-silver.

To the 16th Century also goes back the construction of St. Pöltner City Hall. The 1503 by judge and council acquired house was subsequently expanded, rebuilt, extended and provided with a tower.

A for the urban history research important picture, painted in 1623, has captured scenes of the peasant uprising of 1597, but also allows a view to the city and lets the viewer read some of the details of the then state of construction. The economic inconveniences of that time were only exacerbated by the Thirty Years War, at the end of which a fifth of the houses were uninhabited and the citizenry was impoverished.

Baroque

After the successful defense against the Turks in 1683, the economy started to recover and a significant building boom began. Lower Austria turned into the land of the baroque abbeys and monasteries, as it is familiar to us today.

In St. Pölten, the change of the cityscape is closely connected to the Baroque architect Jakob Prandtauer. In addition to the Baroquisation of the interior of the cathedral, a number of buildings in St. Pölten go to his account, so the reconstruction of the castle Ochsenburg, the erection of the Schwaighof and of the core building of the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Englische Fräuleins - English Maidens) - from 1706 the seat of the first school order of St.Pölten - as well as of several bourgeois houses.

Joseph Munggenast, nephew and co-worker of Prandtauer, completed the Baroquisation of the cathedral, he baroquised the facade of the town hall (1727) and numerous bourgeois houses and designed a bridge over the Traisen which existed until 1907. In the decoration of the church buildings were throughout Tyroleans collaborating, which Jakob Prandtauer had brought along from his homeland (Tyrol) to St. Pölten, for example, Paul Troger and Peter Widerin.

Maria Theresa and her son Joseph II: Their reforms in the city of the 18th Century also left a significant mark. School foundings as a result of compulsory education, the dissolution of the monasteries and hereinafter - from 1785 - the new role of St. Pölten as a bishop's seat are consequences of their policies.

1785 was also the year of a fundamental alteration of the old Council Constitution: The city judge was replaced by one magistrate consisting of five persons, at the head was a mayor. For the first mayor the painter Josef Hackl was chosen.

The 19th century

Despite the Napoleonic Wars - St. Pölten in 1805 and 1809 was occupied by the French - and despite the state bankruptcy of 1811, increased the number of businesses constantly, although the economic importance of the city for the time being did not go beyond the near vicinity.

Against the background of monitoring by the state secret police, which prevented any political commitment between the Congress of Vienna and the 1848 revolution, the citizens withdrew into private life. Sense of family, fostering of domestic music, prominent salon societies in which even a Franz Schubert socialized, or the construction of the city theater were visible signs of this attitude.

The economic upswing of the city did not begin until after the revolution of the year 1848. A prerequisite for this was the construction of the Empress Elisabeth Western Railway, moving Vienna, Linz, soon Salzburg, too, in a reachable distance. The city walls were pulled down, St. Pölten could unfold. The convenient traffic situation favored factory start-ups, and so arose a lace factory, a revolver factory, a soap factory or, for example, as a precursor of a future large-scale enterprise, the braid, ribbon and Strickgarnerzeugung (knitting yarn production) of Matthias Salcher in Harland.

In other areas, too, the Gründerzeit (years of rapid industrial expansion in Germany - and Austria) in Sankt Pölten was honouring its name: The city got schools, a hospital, gas lanterns, canalization, hot springs and summer bath.

The 20th century

At the beginning of the 20th Century the city experienced another burst of development, initiated by the construction of the power station in 1903, because electricity was the prerequisite for the settlement of large companies. In particular, the companies Voith and Glanzstoff and the main workshop of the Federal Railways attracted many workers. New Traisen bridge, tram, Mariazell Railway and other infrastructure buildings were erected; St. Pölten obtained a synagogue. The Art Nouveau made it repeatedly into the urban architecture - just think of the Olbrich House - and inspired also the painting, as exponents worth to be mentioned are Ernst Stöhr or Ferdinand Andri.

What the outbreak of the First World War in broad outlines meant for the monarchy, on a smaller scale also St. Pölten has felt. The city was heavily impacted by the deployment of army units, a POW camp, a military hospital and a sick bay. Industrial enterprises were partly converted into war production, partly closed. Unemployment, housing emergency and food shortages long after the war still were felt painfully.

The 1919 to mayor elected Social Democrat Hubert Schnofl after the war tried to raise the standard of living of the people by improving the social welfare and health care. The founding of a housing cooperative (Wohnungsgenossenschaft), the construction of the water line and the establishment of new factories were further attempts to stimulate the stiffening economy whose descent could not be stopped until 1932.

After the National Socialist regime had stirred false hopes and plunged the world into war, St. Pölten was no longer the city as it has been before. Not only the ten devastating bombings of the last year of the war had left its marks, also the restrictive persecution of Jews and political dissidents had torn holes in the structure of the population. Ten years of Russian occupation subsequently did the rest to traumatize the population, but at this time arose from the ruins a more modern St. Pölten, with the new Traisen bridge, district heating, schools.

This trend continued, an era of recovery and modernization made the economic miracle palpable. Already in 1972 was - even if largely as a result of incorporations - exceeded the 50.000-inhabitant-limit.

Elevation to capital status (capital of Lower Austria), 10 July 1986: No other event in this dimension could have become the booster detonation of an up to now ongoing development thrust. Since then in a big way new residential and commercial areas were opened up, built infrastructure constructions, schools and universities brought into being to enrich the educational landscape. East of the Old Town arose the governmental and cultural district, and the list of architects wears sonorous names such as Ernst Hoffmann (NÖ (Lower Austria) Landhaus; Klangturm), Klaus Kada (Festspielhaus), Hans Hollein (Shedhalle and Lower Austrian Provincial Museum), Karin Bily, Paul Katzberger and Michael Loudon ( NÖ State Library and NÖ State Archive).

European Diploma, European flag, badge of honor, Europe Price: Between 1996 and 2001, received St. Pölten numerous appreciations of its EU commitment - as a sort of recognition of the Council of Europe for the dissemination of the EU-idea through international town twinnings, a major Europe exhibition or, for example, the establishment and chair of the "Network of European medium-sized cities".

On the way into the 21st century

Just now happened and already history: What the St. Pöltnern as just experienced sticks in their minds, travelers and newcomers within a short time should be told. The theater and the hospital handing over to the province of Lower Austria, a new mayor always on the go, who was able to earn since 2004 already numerous laurels (Tags: polytechnic, downtown enhancement, building lease scheme, bus concept) - all the recent changes are just now condensed into spoken and written language in order to make, from now on, the history of the young provincial capital in the 3rd millennium nachlesbar (checkable).

www.st-poelten.gv.at/Content.Node/freizeit-kultur/kultur/...

I've splashed out on a new mobile mainly because the old one was getting very tired. Whilst this is not the latest technology the Samsung S6 does seem to be stable and proven technology including being able to take DNG photos, a phone doing raw! I'm impressed. However all these are taken using the camera's jpeg engine and have been sharpened slightly after resizing but little else done to them. Why can't folk clear up behind themselves!

+++ DISCLAIMER +++

Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based historical facts. BEWARE!

Some background

A review by the Australian Government's Defense Committee held after World War II recommended that the post-war forces of the RAN be structured around a Task Force incorporating multiple aircraft carriers. Initial plans were for three carriers, with two active and a third in reserve. A Fleet Air Arm was established on 3 July 1947 by the Commonwealth Defense Council to operate aircraft from these. The first, HMAS Sydney, entered service in 1948.

All RAN Corsairs served exclusively with 806 Squadron alongside Hawker Sea Furies and later De Havilland See Venom all-weather fighters. After the Korean War the squadron was quickly relocated to HMAS Melbourne when HMAS Sydney was to be decommissioned in the late 50ies. The robust machines were withdrawn from carrier use in 1965 but remained in land-based service at Nowra Air Station until 1968, when the squadron was disbanded and the last machines retired. They were effectively replaced by A-4 Skyhawks.

General characteristics

• Crew: 1 pilot

• Length: 37 ft (11.09 m)

• Wingspan: 41 ft 0 in (12.5 m)

• Height: 17 ft 1 1/2 in (5.11 m)

• Empty weight: 9,205 lb (4,174 kg)

• Loaded weight: 14,670 lb (6,653 kg)

Powerplant:

• 1 × water-cooled V12 Rolls Royce Griffon RG.25.SM engine with 2.625 hp (1.955 kW)

Performance

• Maximum speed: 426 mph (350 kn, 688 km/h)

• Range: 900 mi (783 nmi, 1,450 km)

• Service ceiling: 41.500ft (12.649 m)

• Rate of climb: 3,870ft/min (19.7 m/s)

Armament:

4 × 20 mm (.79 in) Hispano Mk V cannons

4.000 pounds (1.800 kg) of external ordnance, including drop tanks, iron bombs of up to 1.000 lbs. calibre or up to 16× 3" (76.2 mm) rockets

The kit and its assembly:

Another whiffy 'science fiction' model. I found the idea of an après-WWII-Corsair in Commonwealth use interesting, since the type had a very long and successful career, and the 2012 “Aussierama” group build at whatifmodelers.com fuelled this project further.

Neither a RAN Corsair ever existed, nor a V12 engine variant, though. My initial idea was a Corsair with a Centaurus engine and a five-bladed propeller. But this is a rather common whif conversion, you find a lot of these – easy to do and it looks great, too. But I wanted "something more".

An early concept element was the bubble canopy with the lowered rear fuselage, but the Griffon entered the scene relatively late, just when I found a resin conversion set from Red Roo Models of Australia with RAAF Avro Lincoln engine nacelles. That engine would make the difference I had been looking for – and it was furthermore a nice ‘excuse’ for fitting a massive contraprop… ;)

The basis kit for this conversion is a French F4U-7 from Italeri. It is a very good kit which is still around in several permutations and re-boxings, e .g. from Revell o. G.. Wings, horizontal stabilizers and landing gear were taken OOB, but the fuselage saw heavy modification:

a) The resin Griffon from Red Roo was implanted just in front of the wing's leading edge. The fuselage was simply cut off and the former exhaust niches filled with putty. Easier than expected, even though tedious and time-consuming!

The Red Roo engines come without any props, so that the propeller is a donation part: it comes from a vintage Plasticart Tu-20/95 bomber in 1:100 scale. The blade tips were clipped for a modern look, matching the diameter of the original F4U propeller. Ground clearance would not be a problem, since the propeller sits higher on the fuselage than with the original radial engine.

b) The original round fin was completely replaced by a new horizontal stabilizer. This piece is the outer section of a vintage 1:100 scale An-12(!), also from Plasticart. As a side note: this donation part is probably 35 years old, but here it finally found a new and good use! It is a simple but very effective change – with the new fin the converted Corsair now looks a little like a Blackburn Firebrand or later Firecrest?

c) The complete upper fuselage was replaced by a lower, scratch-built/hand-welded polystyrene piece. It received a new cockpit opening and a scratch-built fairing for the new bubble canopy. The latter comes from a Hasegawa Vought XF5U-1 (the 'Flying Pancake') and makes the Corsair look pretty fast and streamlined. A pilot (Italeri?) was added to the cockpit, which was otherwise kept OOB since it is nicely detailed, just like the rest of the OOB kit.

I guess that only 50% of the original fuselage survived this major surgery! A wonder that the thing still holds together...

Further minor mods include the radar housing (leftover from another Italeri F4U kit), new guns in the wings and the unguided 3" missiles with launch rails instead of USN HVARs. They add IMHO much to the British look of the aircraft. The RPs come from a Matchbox Bristol Beaufighter, the racks, too, but the original, massive four-missile-pallets were separated into single launch rails, for a more delicate look.

The drop tank comes from the original kit, even though its centerline position is individual. The bomb hardpoints under the wing roots were retained, but left empty. You can IMHO easily ‘kill’ a whif plane with too much and/or too exotic ordnance, and there's already enough extra about this model to discover.

Painting and markings:

To make the plane a bit exotic (and for the aforementioned group build) I decided to build it in Australian Navy colors, with Kangaroo Roundels. Initially I wanted to place the RAN Corsair into the Korean War era, but at that time the Kangaroo roundels had not been in use yet (they were introduced in July 1956, after the war). On the downside of that time window, quick ID "invasion stripes" from the Korean War era would not be plausible anymore - and they'd only go together with RAF-style roundels, which I did not want to use since I wanted a clear identification of the Corsair's (fictional) user. Therefore, the model was placed in the late 50ies.

I kept the Corsair in typical RAN colors of that era, though. Sea Furies and Gannets were benchmarks, not only for the paint scheme but also for the markings/decals. Basic colors are Extra Dark Sea Grey (Humbrol 123) from above and Sky Type S (Testors 2049) from below, with a high waterline and with EDSG wrapped around the leading edges – a detail I copied from RAN Gannets.

As a little design twist I tried to make some areas look as if Korean War ID stripes on wings and fuselage had recently been painted over - and approprtaiet detail for 1957, and just after the RAAF/RAN introduced the Kangaroo Roundels. Therefore, upper sides of wings and fuselage were painted with Testors 2079 (RLM 66) and Humbrol 90 (Beige Green, actually Sky Type S, too, but with a kore yellow-ish hue than the Testors paint). I think it worked well, and makes the simple two-tone livery a bit more attractive?

Cockpit interior was painted in RAF Cockpit Green (Humbrol 78), the landing gear as well as its wells were left in aluminum (Humbrol 56).

The kit was only slightly weathered, with a very thin black ink wash, some dry painting with lighter shades of the basic tones in order to emphasize panel lines, and even less dry painting with silver on leading edges.

Additionally, some light exhaust and gun soot stains were added, simple dry painting with matt black and some dark grey.

The decals were puzzled together from several Xtracedal aftermarket sheets (for Fairey Gannets and Hawker Sea Furys) and the scrap box. In order to add a colorful contrast I decided to add some bold squadron colors on fin and spinner, since I have seen similar markings on RAN Gannets of that time. I went for black and yellow, as complementary colors to the red/white/blue roundels. The checkered rudder was cut from an aftermarket sheet for small-scale tabletop vehicles. The spinner was painted by hand.

Finally, everything was sealed under stain varnish (Tamiya), and a slightly sprayed some matt varnish onto the upper front areas, so that the paint looks a bit dull and worn without sacrificing the sheen look.

All in all, a major conversion with little problems – waiting for the resin parts from Australia to arrive was the biggest challenge. I think that the aircraft looks pretty plausible? A subtle whif. ^^

Walter Gropius, founder of the German design school known as the Bauhaus, was one of the most influential architects of the twentieth century. He designed Gropius House as his family home when he came to Massachusetts to teach architecture at Harvard's Graduate School of Design.

Modest in scale, the house was revolutionary in impact. It combined the traditional elements of New England architecture—wood, brick, and fieldstone—with innovative materials rarely used in domestic settings at that time, including glass block, acoustical plaster, chrome banisters, and the latest technology in fixtures.

In keeping with Bauhaus philosophy, every aspect of the house and its surrounding landscape was planned for maximum efficiency and simplicity of design. The house contains a significant collection of furniture designed by Marcel Breuer and fabricated in the Bauhaus workshops. With the family's possessions still in place, Gropius House has a sense of immediacy and intimacy.

Visit Gropius House

Wednesday – Sunday, June 1 - October 15

Saturday and Sunday, October 16 - May 31

Latest technology includes: AM/FM radio, automatic choke, coal-fired thermos heater.

Wohn- und Geschäftshaus

Objekt ID: 285, Riemerplatz 2

Katastralgemeinde: St. Pölten. Anstelle des heutigen Baus standen seit zumindest 1367 zwei Häuser. Ab dem Ende des 15. Jahrhunderts wurde die Bauflucht einige Meter nach Süden erweitert. Nach einem Brand wurde 1792 die heutige Fassadengestaltung im spätjosephinistischem Stil vorgenommen.

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_der_denkmalgesch%C3%BCtzten_O...(Stadtteil)

(further information is available by clicking on the link at the end of page!)

History of the City St. Pölten

In order to present concise history of the Lower Austrian capital is in the shop of the city museum a richly illustrated full version on CD-ROM.

Tip

On the occasion of the commemoration of the pogroms of November 1938, the Institute for Jewish History of Austria its virtual Memorbuch (Memory book) for the destroyed St. Pölten Jewish community since 10th November 2012 is putting online.

Prehistory

The time from which there is no written record is named after the main materials used for tools and weapons: Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age. Using the latest technologies, archaeologists from archaeological finds and aerial photographs can trace a fairly detailed picture of life at that time. Especially for the time from the settling down of the People (New Stone Age), now practicing agriculture and animal husbandry, in the territory of St. Pölten lively settlement activity can be proved. In particular, cemeteries are important for the research, because the dead were laid in the grave everyday objects and jewelry, the forms of burial changing over time - which in turn gives the archeology valuable clues for the temporal determination. At the same time, prehistory of Sankt Pölten would not be half as good documented without the construction of the expressway S33 and other large buildings, where millions of cubic meters of earth were moved - under the watchful eyes of the Federal Monuments Office!

A final primeval chapter characterized the Celts, who settled about 450 BC our area and in addition to a new culture and religion also brought with them the potter's wheel. The kingdom of Noricum influenced till the penetration of the Romans the development in our area.

Roman period, migrations

The Romans conquered in 15 BC the Celtic Empire and established hereinafter the Roman province of Noricum. Borders were protected by military camp (forts), in the hinterland emerged civilian cities, almost all systematically laid out according to the same plan. The civil and commercial city Aelium Cetium, as St. Pölten was called (city law 121/122), consisted in the 4th Century already of heated stone houses, trade and craft originated thriving urban life, before the Romans in the first third of the 5th Century retreated to Italy.

The subsequent period went down as the Migration Period in official historiography, for which the settlement of the Sankt Pöltner downtown can not be proved. Cemeteries witness the residence of the Lombards in our area, later it was the Avars, extending their empire to the Enns.

The recent archaeological excavations on the Cathedral Square 2010/2011, in fact, the previous knowledge of St.Pölten colonization not have turned upside down but enriched by many details, whose full analysis and publication are expected in the near future.

Middle Ages

With the submission of the Avars by Charlemagne around 800 AD Christianity was gaining a foothold, the Bavarian Benedictine monastery of Tegernsee establishing a daughter house here - as founder are mentioned the brothers Adalbert and Ottokar - equipped with the relics of St. Hippolytus. The name St. Ypolit over the centuries should turn into Sankt Pölten. After the Hungarian wars and the resettlement of the monastery as Canons Regular of St. Augustine under the influence of Passau St. Pölten received mid-11th Century market rights.

In the second half of the 20th century historians stated that records in which the rights of citizens were held were to be qualified as Town Charters. Vienna is indeed already in 1137 as a city ("civitas") mentioned in a document, but the oldest Viennese city charter dates only from the year 1221, while the Bishop of Passau, Konrad, already in 1159 the St. Pöltnern secured:

A St. Pöltner citizen who has to answer to the court, has the right to make use of an "advocate".

He must not be forced to rid himself of the accusation by a judgment of God.

A St. Pöltner citizen may be convicted only by statements of fellow citizens, not by strangers.

From the 13th Century exercised a city judge appointed by the lord of the city the high and low jurisdiction as chairman of the council meetings and the Municipal Court, Inner and Outer Council supported him during the finding of justice. Venue for the public verdict was the in the 13th Century created new marketplace, the "Broad Market", now the town hall square. Originally square-shaped, it was only later to a rectangle reduced. Around it arose the market district, which together with the monastery district, the wood district and the Ledererviertel (quarter of the leather goods manufacturer) was protected by a double city wall.

The dependence of St. Pölten of the bishop of Passau is shown in the municipal coat of arms and the city seal. Based on the emblem of the heraldic animal of the Lord of the city, so the Bishop of Passau, it shows an upright standing wolf holding a crosier in its paw.

Modern Times

In the course of the armed conflict between the Emperor Frederick III . and King Matthias of Hungary pledged the Bishop of Passau the town on the Hungarian king. From 1485 stood Lower Austria as a whole under Hungarian rule. The most important document of this period is the awarding of the city coat of arms by King Matthias Corvinus in the year 1487. After the death of the opponents 1490 and 1493 could Frederick's son Maximilian reconquer Lower Austria. He considered St. Pölten as spoils of war and had no intention of returning it to the diocese of Passau. The city government has often been leased subsequently, for instance, to the family Wellenstein, and later to the families Trautson and Auersperg.

That St. Pölten now was a princely city, found its expression in the coat of arms letter of the King Ferdinand I. from 1538: From now on, the wolf had no crosier anymore, and the from the viewer's point of view left half showed the reverse Austrian shield, so silver-red-silver.

To the 16th Century also goes back the construction of St. Pöltner City Hall. The 1503 by judge and council acquired house was subsequently expanded, rebuilt, extended and provided with a tower.

A for the urban history research important picture, painted in 1623, has captured scenes of the peasant uprising of 1597, but also allows a view to the city and lets the viewer read some of the details of the then state of construction. The economic inconveniences of that time were only exacerbated by the Thirty Years War, at the end of which a fifth of the houses were uninhabited and the citizenry was impoverished.

Baroque

After the successful defense against the Turks in 1683, the economy started to recover and a significant building boom began. Lower Austria turned into the land of the baroque abbeys and monasteries, as it is familiar to us today.

In St. Pölten, the change of the cityscape is closely connected to the Baroque architect Jakob Prandtauer. In addition to the Baroquisation of the interior of the cathedral, a number of buildings in St. Pölten go to his account, so the reconstruction of the castle Ochsenburg, the erection of the Schwaighof and of the core building of the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Englische Fräuleins - English Maidens) - from 1706 the seat of the first school order of St.Pölten - as well as of several bourgeois houses.

Joseph Munggenast, nephew and co-worker of Prandtauer, completed the Baroquisation of the cathedral, he baroquised the facade of the town hall (1727) and numerous bourgeois houses and designed a bridge over the Traisen which existed until 1907. In the decoration of the church buildings were throughout Tyroleans collaborating, which Jakob Prandtauer had brought along from his homeland (Tyrol) to St. Pölten, for example, Paul Troger and Peter Widerin.

Maria Theresa and her son Joseph II: Their reforms in the city of the 18th Century also left a significant mark. School foundings as a result of compulsory education, the dissolution of the monasteries and hereinafter - from 1785 - the new role of St. Pölten as a bishop's seat are consequences of their policies.

1785 was also the year of a fundamental alteration of the old Council Constitution: The city judge was replaced by one magistrate consisting of five persons, at the head was a mayor. For the first mayor the painter Josef Hackl was chosen.

The 19th century

Despite the Napoleonic Wars - St. Pölten in 1805 and 1809 was occupied by the French - and despite the state bankruptcy of 1811, increased the number of businesses constantly, although the economic importance of the city for the time being did not go beyond the near vicinity.

Against the background of monitoring by the state secret police, which prevented any political commitment between the Congress of Vienna and the 1848 revolution, the citizens withdrew into private life. Sense of family, fostering of domestic music, prominent salon societies in which even a Franz Schubert socialized, or the construction of the city theater were visible signs of this attitude.

The economic upswing of the city did not begin until after the revolution of the year 1848. A prerequisite for this was the construction of the Empress Elisabeth Western Railway, moving Vienna, Linz, soon Salzburg, too, in a reachable distance. The city walls were pulled down, St. Pölten could unfold. The convenient traffic situation favored factory start-ups, and so arose a lace factory, a revolver factory, a soap factory or, for example, as a precursor of a future large-scale enterprise, the braid, ribbon and Strickgarnerzeugung (knitting yarn production) of Matthias Salcher in Harland.

In other areas, too, the Gründerzeit (years of rapid industrial expansion in Germany - and Austria) in Sankt Pölten was honouring its name: The city got schools, a hospital, gas lanterns, canalization, hot springs and summer bath.

The 20th century

At the beginning of the 20th Century the city experienced another burst of development, initiated by the construction of the power station in 1903, because electricity was the prerequisite for the settlement of large companies. In particular, the companies Voith and Glanzstoff and the main workshop of the Federal Railways attracted many workers. New Traisen bridge, tram, Mariazell Railway and other infrastructure buildings were erected; St. Pölten obtained a synagogue. The Art Nouveau made it repeatedly into the urban architecture - just think of the Olbrich House - and inspired also the painting, as exponents worth to be mentioned are Ernst Stöhr or Ferdinand Andri.

What the outbreak of the First World War in broad outlines meant for the monarchy, on a smaller scale also St. Pölten has felt. The city was heavily impacted by the deployment of army units, a POW camp, a military hospital and a sick bay. Industrial enterprises were partly converted into war production, partly closed. Unemployment, housing emergency and food shortages long after the war still were felt painfully.

The 1919 to mayor elected Social Democrat Hubert Schnofl after the war tried to raise the standard of living of the people by improving the social welfare and health care. The founding of a housing cooperative (Wohnungsgenossenschaft), the construction of the water line and the establishment of new factories were further attempts to stimulate the stiffening economy whose descent could not be stopped until 1932.

After the National Socialist regime had stirred false hopes and plunged the world into war, St. Pölten was no longer the city as it has been before. Not only the ten devastating bombings of the last year of the war had left its marks, also the restrictive persecution of Jews and political dissidents had torn holes in the structure of the population. Ten years of Russian occupation subsequently did the rest to traumatize the population, but at this time arose from the ruins a more modern St. Pölten, with the new Traisen bridge, district heating, schools.

This trend continued, an era of recovery and modernization made the economic miracle palpable. Already in 1972 was - even if largely as a result of incorporations - exceeded the 50.000-inhabitant-limit.

Elevation to capital status (capital of Lower Austria), 10 July 1986: No other event in this dimension could have become the booster detonation of an up to now ongoing development thrust. Since then in a big way new residential and commercial areas were opened up, built infrastructure constructions, schools and universities brought into being to enrich the educational landscape. East of the Old Town arose the governmental and cultural district, and the list of architects wears sonorous names such as Ernst Hoffmann (NÖ (Lower Austria) Landhaus; Klangturm), Klaus Kada (Festspielhaus), Hans Hollein (Shedhalle and Lower Austrian Provincial Museum), Karin Bily, Paul Katzberger and Michael Loudon ( NÖ State Library and NÖ State Archive).

European Diploma, European flag, badge of honor, Europe Price: Between 1996 and 2001, received St. Pölten numerous appreciations of its EU commitment - as a sort of recognition of the Council of Europe for the dissemination of the EU-idea through international town twinnings, a major Europe exhibition or, for example, the establishment and chair of the "Network of European medium-sized cities".

On the way into the 21st century

Just now happened and already history: What the St. Pöltnern as just experienced sticks in their minds, travelers and newcomers within a short time should be told. The theater and the hospital handing over to the province of Lower Austria, a new mayor always on the go, who was able to earn since 2004 already numerous laurels (Tags: polytechnic, downtown enhancement, building lease scheme, bus concept) - all the recent changes are just now condensed into spoken and written language in order to make, from now on, the history of the young provincial capital in the 3rd millennium nachlesbar (checkable).

www.st-poelten.gv.at/Content.Node/freizeit-kultur/kultur/...

HYPERFORGED HF-C7

Disk finish：Brushed side Polish

Rim outer finish：HighPolish

Rim inner finish：Anodized Black

F： 9.0J×20 SemiConcave　

R：13.0J×21 DeepConcave　

Pirelli P Zero

F：255/30/20　 R：355/25/21

Lamborghini Aventador LP700-4

Auto Plaza Dank

www.ap-dank.com

Perfomance rest assured HYPERFORGED is utilizing the latest technology

and made entirely in the　JAPAN． HYPER FORGED www.hyperforgedwheels.com

+++ DISCLAIMER +++

Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based historical facts. BEWARE!

Some background

A review by the Australian Government's Defense Committee held after World War II recommended that the post-war forces of the RAN be structured around a Task Force incorporating multiple aircraft carriers. Initial plans were for three carriers, with two active and a third in reserve. A Fleet Air Arm was established on 3 July 1947 by the Commonwealth Defense Council to operate aircraft from these. The first, HMAS Sydney, entered service in 1948.

All RAN Corsairs served exclusively with 806 Squadron alongside Hawker Sea Furies and later De Havilland See Venom all-weather fighters. After the Korean War the squadron was quickly relocated to HMAS Melbourne when HMAS Sydney was to be decommissioned in the late 50ies. The robust machines were withdrawn from carrier use in 1965 but remained in land-based service at Nowra Air Station until 1968, when the squadron was disbanded and the last machines retired. They were effectively replaced by A-4 Skyhawks.

General characteristics

• Crew: 1 pilot

• Length: 37 ft (11.09 m)

• Wingspan: 41 ft 0 in (12.5 m)

• Height: 17 ft 1 1/2 in (5.11 m)

• Empty weight: 9,205 lb (4,174 kg)

• Loaded weight: 14,670 lb (6,653 kg)

Powerplant:

• 1 × water-cooled V12 Rolls Royce Griffon RG.25.SM engine with 2.625 hp (1.955 kW)

Performance

• Maximum speed: 426 mph (350 kn, 688 km/h)

• Range: 900 mi (783 nmi, 1,450 km)

• Service ceiling: 41.500ft (12.649 m)

• Rate of climb: 3,870ft/min (19.7 m/s)

Armament:

4 × 20 mm (.79 in) Hispano Mk V cannons

4.000 pounds (1.800 kg) of external ordnance, including drop tanks, iron bombs of up to 1.000 lbs. calibre or up to 16× 3" (76.2 mm) rockets

The kit and its assembly:

Another whiffy 'science fiction' model. I found the idea of an après-WWII-Corsair in Commonwealth use interesting, since the type had a very long and successful career, and the 2012 “Aussierama” group build at whatifmodelers.com fuelled this project further.

Neither a RAN Corsair ever existed, nor a V12 engine variant, though. My initial idea was a Corsair with a Centaurus engine and a five-bladed propeller. But this is a rather common whif conversion, you find a lot of these – easy to do and it looks great, too. But I wanted "something more".

An early concept element was the bubble canopy with the lowered rear fuselage, but the Griffon entered the scene relatively late, just when I found a resin conversion set from Red Roo Models of Australia with RAAF Avro Lincoln engine nacelles. That engine would make the difference I had been looking for – and it was furthermore a nice ‘excuse’ for fitting a massive contraprop… ;)

The basis kit for this conversion is a French F4U-7 from Italeri. It is a very good kit which is still around in several permutations and re-boxings, e .g. from Revell o. G.. Wings, horizontal stabilizers and landing gear were taken OOB, but the fuselage saw heavy modification:

a) The resin Griffon from Red Roo was implanted just in front of the wing's leading edge. The fuselage was simply cut off and the former exhaust niches filled with putty. Easier than expected, even though tedious and time-consuming!

The Red Roo engines come without any props, so that the propeller is a donation part: it comes from a vintage Plasticart Tu-20/95 bomber in 1:100 scale. The blade tips were clipped for a modern look, matching the diameter of the original F4U propeller. Ground clearance would not be a problem, since the propeller sits higher on the fuselage than with the original radial engine.

b) The original round fin was completely replaced by a new horizontal stabilizer. This piece is the outer section of a vintage 1:100 scale An-12(!), also from Plasticart. As a side note: this donation part is probably 35 years old, but here it finally found a new and good use! It is a simple but very effective change – with the new fin the converted Corsair now looks a little like a Blackburn Firebrand or later Firecrest?

c) The complete upper fuselage was replaced by a lower, scratch-built/hand-welded polystyrene piece. It received a new cockpit opening and a scratch-built fairing for the new bubble canopy. The latter comes from a Hasegawa Vought XF5U-1 (the 'Flying Pancake') and makes the Corsair look pretty fast and streamlined. A pilot (Italeri?) was added to the cockpit, which was otherwise kept OOB since it is nicely detailed, just like the rest of the OOB kit.

I guess that only 50% of the original fuselage survived this major surgery! A wonder that the thing still holds together...

Further minor mods include the radar housing (leftover from another Italeri F4U kit), new guns in the wings and the unguided 3" missiles with launch rails instead of USN HVARs. They add IMHO much to the British look of the aircraft. The RPs come from a Matchbox Bristol Beaufighter, the racks, too, but the original, massive four-missile-pallets were separated into single launch rails, for a more delicate look.

The drop tank comes from the original kit, even though its centerline position is individual. The bomb hardpoints under the wing roots were retained, but left empty. You can IMHO easily ‘kill’ a whif plane with too much and/or too exotic ordnance, and there's already enough extra about this model to discover.

Painting and markings:

To make the plane a bit exotic (and for the aforementioned group build) I decided to build it in Australian Navy colors, with Kangaroo Roundels. Initially I wanted to place the RAN Corsair into the Korean War era, but at that time the Kangaroo roundels had not been in use yet (they were introduced in July 1956, after the war). On the downside of that time window, quick ID "invasion stripes" from the Korean War era would not be plausible anymore - and they'd only go together with RAF-style roundels, which I did not want to use since I wanted a clear identification of the Corsair's (fictional) user. Therefore, the model was placed in the late 50ies.

I kept the Corsair in typical RAN colors of that era, though. Sea Furies and Gannets were benchmarks, not only for the paint scheme but also for the markings/decals. Basic colors are Extra Dark Sea Grey (Humbrol 123) from above and Sky Type S (Testors 2049) from below, with a high waterline and with EDSG wrapped around the leading edges – a detail I copied from RAN Gannets.

As a little design twist I tried to make some areas look as if Korean War ID stripes on wings and fuselage had recently been painted over - and approprtaiet detail for 1957, and just after the RAAF/RAN introduced the Kangaroo Roundels. Therefore, upper sides of wings and fuselage were painted with Testors 2079 (RLM 66) and Humbrol 90 (Beige Green, actually Sky Type S, too, but with a kore yellow-ish hue than the Testors paint). I think it worked well, and makes the simple two-tone livery a bit more attractive?

Cockpit interior was painted in RAF Cockpit Green (Humbrol 78), the landing gear as well as its wells were left in aluminum (Humbrol 56).

The kit was only slightly weathered, with a very thin black ink wash, some dry painting with lighter shades of the basic tones in order to emphasize panel lines, and even less dry painting with silver on leading edges.

Additionally, some light exhaust and gun soot stains were added, simple dry painting with matt black and some dark grey.

The decals were puzzled together from several Xtracedal aftermarket sheets (for Fairey Gannets and Hawker Sea Furys) and the scrap box. In order to add a colorful contrast I decided to add some bold squadron colors on fin and spinner, since I have seen similar markings on RAN Gannets of that time. I went for black and yellow, as complementary colors to the red/white/blue roundels. The checkered rudder was cut from an aftermarket sheet for small-scale tabletop vehicles. The spinner was painted by hand.

Finally, everything was sealed under stain varnish (Tamiya), and a slightly sprayed some matt varnish onto the upper front areas, so that the paint looks a bit dull and worn without sacrificing the sheen look.

All in all, a major conversion with little problems – waiting for the resin parts from Australia to arrive was the biggest challenge. I think that the aircraft looks pretty plausible? A subtle whif. ^^