Sacred Geometry Art Society
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Ayer siete de julio defendí con éxito el trabajo final de la Maestría de Cábala dirigida e impartida por Mario Javier Sabán. Después de dos años de un profundo estudio ya puedo celebrar que soy maestra de cábala. Durante este periplo presenté en el primer cuatrimestre mi análisis sobre la irrupción del misticismo judío en su contexto histórico y el examen del Árbol de la Vida, en el segundo abordé la meditación de los 72 Nombres de Dios y en el tercero la del Ana Becoaj. En este último cuatrimestre en una presentación oral diserté acerca de la incidencia de la cábala y especialmente de su teoría de la reencarnación en la filosofía moral.
Información completa: ibizamelian.com/cabala/por-fin-culmine-mi-maestria-de-cab...
On the left is Uriel (?) with a sword and fire. But maybe Mikhail (?)
After all, the Archangel Michael, the leader (Archangel) of the Heavenly Forces, was most often depicted among the angels. He wore armor, a blue-green chiton and a red sagi (a red cloak. The cloak was fastened on his chest with a rectangular tablion. A heavenly warrior is always armed with a steel or fire sword.
Uriel or Uriel ("fire of God") is a mythological Jewish figure of one of the seven highest angels (archangels), which appears mainly in the Jewish Kabbalah, in various Jewish prayers, as well as in the Christian non-canonical tradition.
According to Jewish tradition, Uriel is one of the main four angels: Michael, Gabriel, Uriel and Raphael, who stand before the throne of glory and whose role is to watch over and guard the four sides of the earth.
Зліва Уріель (?) з мечем та вогнем. Але можливо і Михаель (?)
Адже найчастіше з ангелів зображувався Архангел Михаель- ватажок (Архістратиг) Небесних Сил. Він носив обладунки, синьо-зелений хітон і червоний сагій (червоний плащ). На грудях плащ кріпився прямокутним табліоном. Небесний воїн завжди озброєний сталевим чи вогненним мечем.
Урііл або Уріель («вогонь Божий») — міфологічна єврейська постать одного з семи вищих ангелів (архангелів), який з'являється в основному в єврейській кабалі, у різних єврейських молитвах, а також у християнській неканонічній традиції.
Згідно з єврейською традицією, Уріель є одним із головних чотирьох ангелів: Міхаель, Габріель, Уріель і Рафаель, які стоять перед престолом слави і чия роль полягає в тому, щоб спостерігати та охороняти чотири сторони землі.
Ангел з лабарумом і пальмовою гілкою (?) - what is name?
Праворуч. З високою вірогідністю можу припустити, що в образі Ангела /Архангела/ з лабарумом і пальмовою гілкою зображено Гавриїла, адже його називають як Ангела Смерті або Сили, так і Ангелом Світу або Миру.
Red string bracelets, spotted on Hollywood celebrities who practice Kabbalah, are a ritual artifact, not a fashion statement. And they are not limited to Kabbalah; red strings represent an article of faith in a number of different beliefs. The practice is an ancient one in Central Asia and is shrouded in mythological mist in countries like China. Controversial, as in Kabbalah, or commonly accepted, as in Hindu culture, the ritual of the red string is tied to traditional beliefs.
classroom.synonym.com/what-is-the-meaning-of-red-string-b...
~This one red/orange was a gift from a friend long time ago, the photo is the closure of the bracelet.~
A complicated numerology from which the world is visually recreated. So, crazy, but very beautiful (after Simon Schama in his entry on the Kabbalah in his book "Belonging"). Fuji X-Pro3 plus Pergear fish-eye lens.
Because it is about bananas and noses, weil es um Bananen und Nasen geht: "Guy in a banana suit playing Lady Gaga's "Telephone" with his nose on 2 flutes" (youtube)
Um Flöten ging es heute Nachmittag nicht, darum wird es aber demnächst hier in meinem Stream gehen. Tipps und Hinweise zur Lösung des Rätsels: wie auch beim noch ungelösten Rätsel des 3. Adventsonntags: die Nummern führen ans Ziel, kein Orakel löst das Rätsel, weder Numerologie noch i ging, und auch die Kabbalah hilft nicht weiter.
Den Satz "Wenn die Banane eine Nase hat dann ist es der Mond" habe ich dort gesagt und er hat durchaus einen Sinn ergeben auch wenn ich keinen Banana Moonshine getrunken habe.
Part of "res noscenda note notiz sketch skizze material sammlung collection entwurf überlegung gedanke brainstorming musterbogen schnittmuster zwischenbilanz bestandsaufnahme rückschau vorschau" Advent: 4. Adventsonntag / colours blue + yellow = green Farben blau + gelb = grün // "Picture Puzzles Bilderrätsel Riddle Rebus Rätsel"
#farbstift #buntstift #pencil #crayon #planung #planning #draft #map #abstrakt #konkret #nachmittag #advent #adventsonntag #red #rot #schrift #handschrift #zahl #ziffer #nummer #number #esoterik #entlarvung #222 #223 #221 #14 #letter #buchstabe #dezember #december #herbst #autumn #winter #weihnachten #christmas #apfel #apple #granatapfel #pomegranate #kreis #circle #wasser #water #design #paper #papier #zeichnung #absurd #text #drawing #nose #nase #face #gesicht #portrait #schrei #gähnen #lächeln #lachen #schlaf #sleep #müdigkeit #traum #dream #porträt #buntstift #rätsel #riddle #mond #moon #banane #vergnüglich #banana #unterwegs #heiter #rundgang
Since the 16th century, Safed has been considered one of Judaism's Four Holy Cities, along with Jerusalem, Hebron and Tiberias. Since that time, the city has remained a center of Kabbalah, also known as Jewish mysticism.
Tipps und Hinweise zur Lösung des Rätsels, was ich hier für den 3. Adventsonntag nachmittags geplant habe: die Nummer führt ans Ziel kein Orakel löst das Rätsel, weder Numerologie noch i ging und auch die Kabbalah hilft nicht weiter. Qualtinger, nicht der Herr Karl, sondern ein Heiliger, kein Hof sondern eine Halle, kein Krieg trotzdem Schlacht, da wurde geschrieen, echte Schreie nicht verwechselbar mit Gähnen, aber in vergangenen Zeiten denn heutzutage wird da kein Blut mehr vergossen, Kuh sowohl das Vieh als auch der Anton, Farkas aber kein Grünbaum weit und breit nur Baum ohne Grün, kein Taxi, trotzdem
"Doppelcónference: Taxifahrer" (youtube), ohne Koarl und auch nicht der Mars, Leber reimt sich auf Erne Seder, der Bart hat ein h, Hochner.
Und all das paßt zusammen, wenn man die richtige Lösung gefunden hat.
Part of "res noscenda note notiz sketch skizze material sammlung collection entwurf überlegung gedanke brainstorming musterbogen schnittmuster zwischenbilanz bestandsaufnahme rückschau vorschau" Advent: 3. Adventsonntag // "Picture Puzzles Bilderrätsel Riddle Rebus Rätsel"
#plan #planung #planning #draft #map #abstrakt #konkret #nachmittag #afternoon #advent #adventsonntag #gelb #yellow #gold #red #rot #blut #blutig #blutrot #green #grün #schrift #handschrift #18 #zahl #ziffer #nummer #number #numerologie #letter #buchstabe #U #dezember #december #herbst #autumn #winter #weihnachten #christmas #apfel #apple #granatapfel #pomegranate #skizze #sketch #design #black #schwarz #paper #papier #ölpastell #ölkreide #passepartout
when you walk across the fields
with your mind pure and holy
then from all the stones
and all growing things
and all animals
the sparks of their soul come out
and cling to you, and then
they are purified
and become a holy fire in you
Kabbalah
1st-2nd of Tishrei, 5781 - 18-19 September 2020, at sundown.
! שנה טובה לכל החברים שלי
Shanah Tovah to all my friends !
The photo is part of my photographic exhibition featuring 21 laminated panels. The images of the exhibit represent the symbols of Jewish festivals throughout the year.
The exhibition has been shown in various places.
See on flickr : "Light and Tradition"
www.flickr.com/photos/studiodobs/albums/72157689952244162
Rosh ha-Shanah is the first day of the Jewish New Year.
According to Judaism, Rosh ha-Shanah marks the beginning of the year because it is held on the traditional anniversary of the creation of Adam and Eve, the first man and woman according to the Hebrew Bible, and their inauguration of humanity's role in God's world.
Rosh ha-Shanah customs include sounding the shofar, a hollowed-out ram's horn, as prescribed in the Torah, following the prescription of the Hebrew Bible to "raise a noise" on days of public prayers. Among rabbinical customs is attending synagogue services and reciting special liturgy, as also enjoying festive meals. Like eating traditional foods and fruits such as the pomegranate, a symbol of prosperity and fertility.
Pomegranates are one of the Seven Species (Hebrew: שבעת המינים, Shiv'at Ha-Minim) of fruits and grains enumerated in the Hebrew Bible (Deuteronomy 8:8) as special products of the Land of Israel, and the Songs of Solomon contains this quote: "Thy lips are like a thread of scarlet, and thy speech is comely, thy temples are like a piece of a pomegranate within thy locks." (Song of Solomon 4:3).
Additionally, pomegranates symbolize the mystical experience in the Jewish mystical tradition, or kabbalah, with the typical reference being to entering the "garden of pomegranates" or "pardés rimonim".
1st-2nd of Tishrei, 5783 * 25-27 September 2022, at sundown.
! שנה טובה לכל החברים שלי
Shanah Tovah to all my friends !
Rosh ha-Shanah customs include sounding the shofar, a hollowed-out ram's horn, as prescribed in the Torah, following the prescription of the Hebrew Bible to "raise a noise" on days of public prayers. Among rabbinical customs is attending synagogue services and reciting special liturgy, as also enjoying festive meals. Like eating traditional foods and fruits such as the pomegranate, a symbol of prosperity and fertility.
Pomegranates are one of the Seven Species (Hebrew: שבעת המינים, Shiv'at Ha-Minim) of fruits and grains enumerated in the Hebrew Bible (Deuteronomy 8:8) as special products of the Land of Israel, and the Songs of Solomon contains this quote: "Thy lips are like a thread of scarlet, and thy speech is comely, thy temples are like a piece of a pomegranate within thy locks." (Song of Solomon 4:3).
Additionally, pomegranates symbolize the mystical experience in the Jewish mystical tradition, or kabbalah, with the typical reference being to entering the "garden of pomegranates" or "pardés rimonim".
Lag BaOmer (Hebrew: ל״ג בעומר), also Lag B'Omer, is a Jewish holiday celebrated on the 33rd day of the Counting of the Omer, which occurs on the 18th day of the Hebrew month of Iyar.
This day marks the hillula (celebration, interpreted by some as anniversary of death) of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai, a Mishnaic sage and leading disciple of Rabbi Akiva in the 2nd century, and the day on which he revealed the deepest secrets of kabbalah in the form of the Zohar (Book of Splendor), a landmark text of Jewish mysticism. This association has spawned several well-known customs and practices on Lag BaOmer, including the lighting of bonfires, pilgrimages to the tomb of Bar Yochai in the northern Israeli town of Meron, and various customs at the tomb itself.[1]
This is how it begins,
Open your heart and let the light shine through.
It's so easy to do,
Just close your eyes,
And feel the love arond you.
You've just got to believe,
What a waste of a life,
What a waste of our time.
Yes, in you I believe.
Oh we're gonna change the world.
-dave davies-
“Force never moves in a straight line, but always in a curve vast as the universe, and therefore eventually returns whence it issued forth, but upon a higher arc, for the universe has progressed since it started.”
Kabbalah
from dust we came and to dust we return
(...)
Sediento de saber lo que Dios sabe,
Judá León se dio a permutaciones
de letras y a complejas variaciones
Y al fin pronunció el Nombre que es la Clave.
La Puerta, el Eco, el Huésped y el Palacio,
Sobre un muñeco que con torpes manos
labró, para enseñarle los arcanos
De las Letras, del Tiempo y del Espacio.
(...) Jorge Luis Borges
My inspiration : La Chaulis
____________________________________________________________________
MIÉRCOLES 3 DE FEBRERO DE 2010
La violencia no es caos sin rumbo. El terrorismo no es locura al azar.
Los terremotos no son actos de Dios. Todos estos fenómenos negativos son generados cuando nuestra conducta reactiva colectiva crea caos.
Asimilar esta verdad difícil es el prerrequisito para efectuar un cambio real.
Si esto suena verdadero, entonces considera cómo hoy tu comportamiento puede impactar positivamente al mundo. (Conciencia de la Kabbalah)
Never giving up, still going strong :)
A little study of how PoV changes (perceived) shapes of objects: compare both frontal shots.
A word to the wise:
Must be viewed Large to see and read the words.
This appears to be an unusual attempt to combine the wisdom of Judaism, Christianity, and Buddhism.
It reminds me of an excellent book that I studied, on my own, many years ago. "The Meeting of East And West" by F. S. C. Northrop. I wonder if it's still in print.
I love art communities:
I will have to look in my notes to see exactly I took this in July of 2012. I think it was in the mountain town of Jerome in central Arizona. I love that town. It may have been in the Jerome Grand Hotel.
Jerome Historic District
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jerome Historic District
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic Landmark District
Jerome Grand Hotel
Jerome Historic District is located in Arizona's Jerome Historic District
LocationJerome, Arizona
Coordinates34°45′13″N 112°6′41″WCoordinates: 34°45′13″N 112°6′41″W
Built1876
NRHP Reference #66000196
Significant dates
Added to NRHPNovember 13, 1966
Designated NHLDNovember 13, 1966
Jerome Historic District, in Jerome, Arizona, is a historic district that is significant for its association with copper mining.
It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1966.
Sephirot [or "enumerations", Sephiroth, Sefiroth (סְפִירוֹת), singular: Sephirah, also Sefirah (סְפִירָה "enumeration" in Hebrew)], in the Kabbalah of Judaism, are the ten attributes that God (who is referred to as אור אין סוף Aur Ain Soph, "Limitless Light, Light Without End") created through which he can manifest not only the physical but the metaphysical universe.
Through a careful study of the Tanakh, Jewish sages identified ten Sephirot (ten being the number of divine perfection) known by the following names/characteristics from highest to lowest:
1. Keter - Divine Plan/Creator/infinite light/Ehyeh Asher Ehyeh - I AM THAT I AM (Supreme/Total Consciousness)
2. Chokmah - Divine Reality/revelation/Yesh me-ayin - being from nothingness (Power of Wisdom)
3. Binah - Understanding/repentance/reason (Power of Love)
4. Chesed - Mercy/Grace/Love of (intention to emulate) God (Power of Vision)
5. Gevurah - Judgment/strength/determination (Power of Intention)
6. Tipheret - Symmetry/balance/compassion (Creative Power)
7. Netzach - Contemplation/Initiative/persistence (Power of the Eternal Now)
8. Hod - Surrender/sincerity/steadfastness (Intellectual/Observational Power)
9. Yesod - Foundation/wholly remembering/coherent knowledge
(Power of Manifesting)
10. Malkuth/Lower Crown - Kingdom/physical presence/vision and illusion
(Power of Healing/Accomplishment/Level of Realization of Divine Plan)
Das Postamt Schöneberg ist ein Postamt in der Hauptstraße im Berliner Ortsteil Schöneberg. Das denkmalgeschützte Gebäude wurde 1901/1902 im Stil der Neorenaissance für die Deutsche Reichspost erbaut und bis 1927 mehrfach an- und ausgebaut. Das Postamt wurde nach Plänen der Architekten Otto Spalding und Louis Ratzeburg auf dem Grundstück einer ehemaligen Villa eines Schöneberger „Millionenbauern“ errichtet. Seine Entstehung fiel in die Zeit eines rapiden Wachstums der damaligen Stadt Schöneberg. Auf der gegenüberliegenden Straßenseite, am damaligen Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz, stand das im Zweiten Weltkrieg zerstörte alte Rathaus Schöneberg. Für das Postamt kam 1907 ein Maschinenhaus für die Rohrpostanlage hinzu. 1926–1933 folgte der Anbau des Fernsprechamtes Süd unter Leitung von Fritz Nissle. Die Schmuckelemente an der Fassade sind aus Warthauer Sandstein. Ab September 1935 befand sich im Postamt eine der ersten 15 Fernsehstuben für den Empfang des vom Fernsehsender Paul Nipkow ausgestrahlten Programms. Das Postamt war damit einer der ersten Orte in Deutschland, an denen Interessenten fernsehen konnte (→ Geschichte des Fernsehens in Deutschland).
Nach dem Brand der Messehalle auf der Funkausstellung am 19. August 1935 wurde das Programm des Senders Paul Nipkow vom nahegelegenen Fernamt Winterfeldtstraße gesendet. Da die Reichweite von dort nur rund zwei Kilometer betrug, ließ die Reichspost in seiner Nähe drei Fernsehstuben einrichten. Die Stube in Schöneberg war mit einem einfachen Heimempfänger ausgestattet und konnte nur wenige Zuschauer aufnehmen.
Im Erdgeschoss befindet sich immer noch (Stand: 2022) eine Filiale der Deutschen Post. In den Höfen und in geplanten Neubauten auf dem Gelände entsteht in den 2010er Jahren das Gewerbezentrum Bricks. Die Umbauplanungen erfolgen durch das Architekturbüro Graft, später sollen Gewerbebetriebe einziehen. Als Hauptmieter für den Vermittlungssaal des Telegrafenamtes ist unter anderem eine Zweigstelle des Kabbalah Centres vorgesehen. Zusätzlich sollen zwei Neubauten mit insgesamt 128 Mietwohnungen entstehen. de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postamt_Sch%C3%B6neberg
This final set of four shots from the series at Greens Beach in northern Tasmania is easily the most Metaphysical work I have done. If you want to understand the mood I was in when I took them, you can read the description under my photograph, "Man with Beanie".
Since then I have consciously allowed my unconscious to shape the way I have edited the shots. Some you have already picked up on that. For me the meaning of these photographs is in their titles. But they are just clues for you to build on.
Meaning in any art comes from the interplay of our social context or surface reality (Habermas' life-world) and our subconscious mythic or deeper reality (Jung saw this as our dream-world). Which is the best path to truth? Which can we trust?
Alchemists sought through their "metaphysical science" not to turn base metals into gold quite literally, but searched for the "philosopher's stone" (no, not the Harry Potter version!). They wanted the elixir of life. They wanted a return to the "Tree of Life".
In the Jewish mystical tradition this is called The Kabbalah. In the ancient Greek traditions this was called Gnosis.
* "gnosis" means true knowledge that comes from the depths of our true inner self.
Italian artist Tobia Rava, mystic, numerologist and cabbalist.
His personal creation he performs, respectively - through the possibilities of numerical and alphabetic combinations. Two things concern him at the same time: first - how to put painting on the service for human mind, and not just for the eyes, and the second - how to force the viewer to pass the rite of initiation by art.
Tobia Rava carefully covers all his works by numbers and letters of the Hebrew alphabet. Thus, he calls for a review of the relationship between a person and his environment through a visual conversion of gematria. Otherwise, Jewish numerology. Namely, a method that allows you to find secret matches between words using the numerical value of the letters.
The artists of the Italian Renaissance, who were interested in Kabbalah, still believed that the world was created with the letters of the Hebrew alphabet. Therefore, this world can be read, they argued, moreover - with the help of letters on it can be influenced. He considered Hebrew to be the language of creation, the original language.
Итальянский художник Тобиа Рава, мистик, нумеролог и каббалист. Свое личное творение он совершает соответственно – через бесконечные возможности числовых и буквенных комбинаций. Заботят его при этом две вещи: первая – как поставить живопись на службу разуму, а не просто оку плоти, и вторая – как заставить зрителя пройти обряд инициации искусством.
Тобиа Рава заботливо покрывает все свои работы цифрами и буквами еврейского алфавита. Тем самым он призывает пересмотреть связь между человеком и его окружением через визуальную конверсию гематрии. Иначе – еврейской нумерологии. А именно, метода, который позволяет найти тайные соответствия между словами с помощью численного значения букв, их составляющих. Художники итальянского Возрождения, интересовавшиеся Каббалой, еще во времена оны считали, что мир был создан при помощи букв ивритского алфавита. Следовательно, этот мир может быть прочитан, утверждали они, более того – с помощью букв на него можно повлиять. Сам иврит они считали языком творения.
LUNES 25 DE ENERO DE 2010:
" Mucha gente busca revivir las emociones del pasado en lugar de renovar el misterio del momento. Comparan su vida de ahora con lo que alguna vez fue.
¡Hola, estás vivo ahora! Éste es el momento más importante y potencialmente emocionante de tu vida.
Hoy, está abierto a la alegría y emoción que la vida quiere que experimentes. Ahora, justo ahora, en este momento" . (Afinación diaria de la conciencia de la Kabbalah)
QUE MEJOR MANERA DE EMPEZAR LA SEMANA??? ESTAMOS VIVOS AQUI Y AHORA !!!!
FELIZ SEMANA Y MUCHA BUENA VIBRA !!
______________________________________________________________________________
Mi primera foto para l' Atelier :
Esta es una imagen mas que común en el lugar que vivo, el escenario es muy típico............. día sombrío, pisos mojados de mucha lluvia/nieve, mucho frío, mucho bosque y muchos animalitos !!!
Este caballo es de algún vecino, que literalmente sacó a pasear a su caballo como quién saca a un perrito a caminar !!
Anima Series 5
Sitting No. 191
Lismore NSW, Australia 2018
Model: Naomi Grant
Please feel free to give some feedback by visiting the 'About' page on this site and leaving a testimonial. Your words are much valued by me and I'm open to hearing what YOU think.
La frase del día :
¿Quién eres para no vivir a la altura de tu potencial?
Somos creados a semejanza del Creador por una razón. Podemos notar la magia que hay en nosotros de muchas formas y, aun así, nos atoramos sintiendo que no estamos listos, o que no somos dignos de ello.
Pero cuando retrocedemos un paso y preguntamos "¿Quién soy yo para no hacer lo que se supone que debo hacer? ¿Quién más puede ofrecer lo que yo puedo ofrecer?", permitimos que nuestra verdadera naturaleza se revele.
Hoy, cuando dudes de tu valor ¡duda de la duda!
Afinación diaria de la conciencia de Kabbalah
Existe um dito popular que os maçons colocam em suas assinaturas três pontinhos em forma de um triângulo; é real, embora esta característica é uma "opção" para cada um em usá-la ou não.
O significado desta simbologia para os iniciados na "Sublime Ordem", dentre vários, cito aqui alguns:
Do tempo: Passado-presente-futuro.
Da vida: Nascimento-existência-morte.
Da Família: Pai-mãe-filho.
Da Kabbalah Hebraica:Coroa-sabedoria-inteligência.
Do Egito:Osíris-Ísis-Horus.
O mais conhecido: Liberdade-Igualdade-Fraternidade.
Existem outras simbologias... as quais só os iniciados tem entendimeno, por ser conhecimento passado "de boca a ouvido".
Counting The Omer:: For 49 days after Passover we count the Omer. This was the barley offering in the Temple In Yerushalayim.
This is Jewish Kabbalah.✡️ Each day we focus on improving a single attribute of our emotional structure or nature within a particular attribute for that day. It is a process in Seven weeks of Seven days. That process purifies us and the universe as well. Isn’t that an amazing thought❣️
At the end, we will be worthy of receiving The Torah 🎶👏🎶 on Mount Sinai. Hallelujah🌄
"Rhythm is the basis of life, not steady forward progress. The forces of creation, destruction, and preservation have a whirling, dynamic interaction." -
-- Kabbalah
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" La razón por la que a veces nos sentimos estancados es que queremos tan poco. Nos volvemos precavidos a medida que envejecemos y aprendemos a hacer las cosas de forma segura. Nos olvidamos de soñar.
Hoy, ¡agita tu mundo! Haz cosas que no harías normalmente. Cuando empiezas a moverte y a exponerte, empezarán a suceder realmente las cosas. " (conciencia de la Kabbalah)
Safed or Tzfas is a city in the Northern District of Israel. Located at an elevation of 900 metres (2,953 ft), Safed is the highest city in the Galilee and in Israel. Since the 16th century, Safed has been considered one of Judaism's Four Holy Cities, since that time, the city has remained a center of Kabbalah, also known as Jewish mysticism.
So excited to be able to share my new painting with you! Enjoy. :)
Remember, sharing artwork is very intimate, please be kind with comments to your fellow artists. Thank you! :)
"The Tree of Life & The River of Life (Rev. 22:1-2)"
Original Oil on Canvas 18 x 24
by Shannon Day © 2016
Safed or Tzfas is a city in the Northern District of Israel. Located at an elevation of 900 metres (2,953 ft), Safed is the highest city in the Galilee and in Israel. Since the 16th century, Safed has been considered one of Judaism's Four Holy Cities, since that time, the city has remained a center of Kabbalah, also known as Jewish mysticism.
The photo is part of my photographic exhibition featuring 21 laminated panels. The images of the exhibit represent the symbols of Jewish festivals throughout the year.
The exhibition has been shown in various places.
See on flickr : "Light and Tradition"
www.flickr.com/photos/studiodobs/albums/72157689952244162
Lag Ba-Omer, Hebrew: ל״ג בעומר, also Lag B'Omer, is a Jewish holiday celebrated on the 33rd day of the Counting of the Omer, which occurs on the 18th day of the Hebrew month of Iyar.
This day marks the "hillula" or celebration (interpreted by some as anniversary of death) of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai, a Mishnaic sage and leading disciple of Rabbi Akiva in the 2nd century, and the day on which he revealed the deepest secrets of kabbalah in the form of the Zohar, the Book of Splendor, a landmark text of Jewish mysticism.
This association has spawned several well-known customs and practices on Lag Ba-Omer, including the lighting of bonfires, pilgrimages to the tomb of Bar Yochai in the northern Israeli town of Meron, and various customs at the tomb itself.
Lag Ba-omer in 2021 falls on Friday, April 30
view of the old town, Zamek Lubelski (Lublin Castle) and the Castle Tower (Donjon) from Zaułek Władysława Panasa (Władysław Panas's alley)
One of the most charming places in Lublin is Panas's Zaułek (Panas's Alley), a staircase that leads from Po Farze Square toward St. Adalbert's Church located on Podwale Street. The alley was named after the well-known Lublin literary theorist and expert on Jewish culture Professor Władysław Panas in 2006. Above the staircase on the left in place of today's tenements, there used to be a defensive wall leading to Grodzka Gate.
Władysław Ludwik Panas, literature theoretician and historian, was born on 28th March, 1947, in Western Pomerania. He was born in Dębica, in Kołobrzeg poviat. He passed matura exam in 1966 in a High School in Kołobrzeg.
He started studies on Polish Philology in the University of Adam Mickiewicz in Poznań. There, he took part in famous March demonstrations. In March 1968 he took part in students' protest – which led to his arrest by SB (communist Security Service) on the second day. He was sentenced to two years in prison, and later relegated from the university.
Then, he came to continue his studies in Lublin in The Catholic University of Lublin (KUL). His debut was a critical essay on Tadeusz Gajcy's poetry in "Polonista" magazine. In 1972, he completed the faculty of Polish Philology and defended his MA thesis – On the Concept of Language in Bruno Schulz prose.
In the 1970s he cooperated with the underground periodical "Spotkania".
He was editing staff member of "Miesiące" in the period when the "Solidarity" was forming. During the martial law he wrote articles under different pseudos.
The professor was fascinated by vanished world of Lublin Jewish culture. He was inspired by Hasidic Judaism and mistical Kabbalah. He gave a particular contribution to revealing the intriguing history of Grodzka Gate and its multicultural tradition. He saw it as the center of the world and read its magical space, seeing analogies in equal distances from the Grodzka Gate to Po Farze Square and from the Gate to the tzadik's house at Szeroka 28 St.
He died on 24 January, 2005. He was buried on the cemetary at Lipowa St.
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El error más grande que cometemos es creer que hay errores. O accidentes. O azar. No hay errores, ni casualidades, ni accidentes. Nada sucede repentinamente. Todo sucede por una razón. Y cada razón es una oportunidad.
Hoy, mientras transcurre tu día, nota como muchos eventos parecen suceder "sin razón aparente". (conciencia de la Kabbalah)
Hasidism, sometimes Hasidic Judaism (Hebrew: חסידות, translit. hasidut, [χaˈsidus]; originally, "piety"), is a Jewish religious group. It arose as a spiritual revival movement in contemporary Western Ukraine during the 18th century, and spread rapidly throughout Eastern Europe.
Today, most affiliates reside in Israel and the United States. Israel Ben Eliezer, the "Baal Shem Tov", is regarded as its founding father, and his disciples developed and disseminated it. Present-day Hasidism is a sub-group within Ultra-Orthodox ("Haredi") Judaism, and is noted for its religious conservatism and social seclusion. Its members adhere closely both to Orthodox Jewish practice – with the movement's own unique emphases – and the traditions of Eastern European Jews, so much so that many of the latter, including various special styles of dress and the use of the Yiddish language, are nowadays associated almost exclusively with Hasidism.
Hasidic thought draws heavily on Lurianic Kabbalah, and, to an extent, is a popularization of it. Teachings emphasize God's immanence in the universe, the need to cleave and be one with Him at all times, the devotional aspect of religious practice, and the spiritual dimension of corporeality and mundane acts. Hasidim, the adherents of Hasidism, are organized in independent sects known as "courts" or dynasties, each headed by its own hereditary leader, a Rebbe. Reverence and submission to the Rebbe are key tenets, as he is considered a spiritual authority with whom the follower must bond to gain closeness to God. The various "courts" share basic convictions, but operate apart, and possess unique traits and customs. Affiliation is often retained in families for generations, and being Hasidic is as much a sociological factor – entailing, as it does, birth into a specific community and allegiance to a dynasty of Rebbes – as it is a purely religious one. There are several "courts" with many thousands of member households each, and hundreds of smaller ones. As of 2016, there were over 130,000 Hasidic households worldwide, about 5% of the global Jewish population.
The Holocaust hit the Hasidim, easily identifiable and almost unable to disguise themselves among the larger populace due to cultural insularity, particularly hard today represent 5% of the Jewish population worldwide
There is a Hasidim population in Stamford Hill, London
Kavala (Greek: Καβάλα) is a city in northern Greece, the principal seaport of eastern Macedonia and the capital of Kavala regional unit. It is situated on the Bay of Kavala, across from the island of Thasos. Kavala is located on the Egnatia motorway and is a one and a half-hour drive to Thessaloniki (160 kilometres (99 miles) west) and a forty-minute drive to Drama (37 km (23 miles) north) and Xanthi (56 km (35 miles) east). Its nickname is The cyan city (Η γαλάζια πόλη).
History
Antiquity
The city was founded at about the end of the 7th century BC by settlers from Thassos, who called it Neapolis (Νεάπολις; "new city" in Greek). It was one of the colonies that the Thassians founded along the coastline in order to take advantage of the rich gold and silver mines of the territory, especially those located in the nearby Pangaion mountain (which were eventually exploited by Phillip the Second of Macedonia).
The worship of "Parthenos", a female deity of Greek–Ionian origin, is archaeologically attested in the archaic period. At the end of the 6th century BC Neapolis claimed its independence from Thassos and cut its own silver coins with the head of Gorgo (γοργὀνειο) on the one side. At the beginning of the 5th century BC a large Ionic temple made from thassian marble replaced the archaic one. Parts of it can now be seen in the archaeological museum of Kavala.
In 411 BC, during the Peloponnesian War, Neapolis was besieged by the allied armies of the Spartans and the Thassians but remained faithful to Athens. Two Athenian honorary decrees in 410 and 407 BC rewarded Neapolis for its loyalty.
Neapolis was a town of Macedonia, located 14 km (9 mi) from the harbor of Philippi. Neapolis was a member of the Athenian League; a pillar found in Athens mentions the contribution of Neapolis to the alliance.
Roman Era
The military Roman road Via Egnatia passed through the city helped commerce to flourish. It became a Roman civitas in 168 BC, and was a base for Brutus and Cassius in 42 BC, before their defeat in the Battle of Philippi. (Appian, B.C. iv. 106; Dion Cass. xlvii. 35.). The Apostle Paul landed at Kavala on his first voyage to Europe (Acts, xvi. 11).
Byzantine Era
In the 6th century, Byzantine emperor Justinian I fortified the city in an effort to protect it from barbaric raids. In later Byzantine times the city was called Christoupolis (Χριστούπολις, "city of Christ") and belonged to the theme of Macedonia. The first mention of the new name is recorded in a taktikon of the early 9th century. The city is also mentioned in the "Life of St. Gregory of Dekapolis". In the 8th and 9th century, Bulgarian attacks forced the Byzantines to reorganize the defense of the area, giving great care to Christoupolis with fortifications and a notable garrison. In 926 the Byzantine general (strategos) Basil Klaudon reconstructed the fallen walls of the city, ("τα πριν φθαρέντα και πεπτωκότα τείχη") according to an inscription that is now in the archaeological museum of Kavala. Due to the location of Christoupolis, the city experienced an economic resurgence, securing the contact between Constantinople and Thessaloniki. During the Norman raid of Macedonia in 1185, the city was captured and burned. In 1302, the Catalans failed to capture the city. In order to prevent them from coming back, the Byzantine emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos built a new long defensive wall ("το παρά την Χριστούπολιν τείχισμα"). In the 13th century the Byzantine Greek historian George Akropolites writes that the city and the area around the city is highly populated with Bulgarians and this makes it more difficult to keep the city as a part of Bizantium.[2] In 1357 it is mentioned that the Byzantine officers and brothers Alexios and John controlled the city and its territory. Recent excavations have revealed the ruins of an early Byzantine basilica under an old Ottoman mosque in the old part of the city (Panagia peninsula). This Christian temple was used until the late Byzantine era, as the also recently revealed small cemetery around it shows. The Ottoman Turks first captured the city in 1387 and completely destroyed it in 1391, as a Mount Athos chronicle testifies.
Ottoman Era
Kavala was part of the Ottoman Empire from 1387 to 1912. In the middle of the 16th century, Ibrahim Pasha, Grand Vizier of Suleiman the Magnificent, contributed to the prosperity and growth of Kavala by the construction of an aqueduct.[3] The Ottomans also extended the Byzantine fortress on the hill of Panagia. Both landmarks are among the most recognizable symbols of the city today.
Mehmet Ali, the founder of a dynasty that ruled Egypt, was born in Kavala in 1769. His house has been preserved as a museum.
Modern Kavala
Kavala was briefly occupied by the Bulgarians during the first Balkan War in 1912, but was finally captured by Greece in 1913 during a successful landing operation by the Greek Navy that was commanded by the famous admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis. During World War I Kavala suffered from the Bulgarian military occupation with many victims among its Greek population.[citation needed] After the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922, the city entered a new era of prosperity because of the labour offered by the thousands of refugees that moved to the area from Asia Minor. The development was both industrial and agricultural. Kavala became greatly involved in the processing and trading of tobacco. Many buildings related to the storage and processing of tobacco from that era are preserved in the city.
During World War II and after the fall of Athens, the Nazis awarded Kavala to their Bulgarian allies in 1941, causing the city to suffer once again, but finally was liberated in 1944.
In the late 1950s Kavala expanded towards the sea by reclaiming land from the area west of the port.
In 1967, King Constantine II left Athens for Kavala in an unsuccessful attempt to launch a counter-coup against the military junta.
Etymology
In antiquity the name of the city was Neapolis. During the Middle Ages it was Christoupolis. The etymology of the modern name of the city is disputed. There are some explanations, either from the Italian cavallo (=horse), or from the Hebrew Kabbalah due to the large Jewish population of the city.
Climate
Kavala has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification "Cfa") that borders on an semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification "BSk" or "BSh" depending on the system used) with annual average precipitation of 460 mm (18.1 in). Snowfalls are sporadic, but happen more or less every year. The humidity is always very high
The absolute maximum temperature ever recorded was 38.0 °C (100 °F), while the absolute minimum ever recorded was −5.8 °C (22 °F).
Education/Research
The Technological Educational Institute (panoramic view).TEI of Kavala: The Technological Educational Institute of Kavala (Greek: ΤΕΙ Καβάλας) is a public institute providing education at university level in the region of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace. The main campus of the institute located in St. Lukas, Kavala and is approximately 132,000 m2 with buildings covering an area of 36,000 m2.The campus is home for 2 faculties (Faculty of Engineering Sciences and Faculty of Business and Economics) with totally 9 departments.
Fisheries Research Institute:[5] Fisheries Research Institute (F.R.I) is one of the five specialized research institutes of N.AG.RE.F, being responsible to conduct research and to promote technological development in the fishery sector. The Institute is located 17 km (11 mi) away from Kavala, in Nea Peramos, at the centre of a marine area with rich fishery grounds and high biodiversity in the surrounding lagoons, lakes and rivers.
Institute of Mohamed Ali for the Research of the Eastern Tradition (I.M.A.R.E.T.):[6] I.M.A.R.E.T. is a registered NGO with the Hellenic Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which was established several months ago by concerned citizens in Kavala, Greece. Its aims include the study of the Egyptian influence in Greece and vice versa. The intra-cultural exchange and dialogue, as well as the promotion of art as a means of intra-cultural understanding. The first major co-operation partner is Cultnat of Bibliotheca Alaxandrina with the aim of documenting and digitizing the architectural heritage of the Mohamed Ali era in Egypt and Greece. Most important event that take place every year at the institute is the International Roman Law Moot Court Competition.
Historical & Literary Archives of Kavala:[7] It is purely a non-profiteering, public utility foundation. The foundation of the Historical & Literary Archives of Kavala is not subsidized by the Greek State, neither by any other enterprise of the private sector. Its operational cost is covered only by its founders and by infrequent aids of the local self-government.
Egnatia Aviation:[8] It is a private training college for pilots that started training in Greece in July 2006. The facilities of Egnatia Aviation mostly located in the former passenger’s terminal of the Kavala International Airport "Alexander the Great".
Culture
Festivals and events
Kavala hosts a wide array of cultural events, which mostly take place during the summer months. The top festival is the Festival of Philippi,[9] which lasts from July to September and includes theatrical performances and music concerts. Since 1957, it has been the city's most important cultural event and one of the most important of Greece.
Cosmopolis is an International Festival held in the Old Town of Kavala that offers an acquaintance with cultures around the world through dancing and musical groups, traditional national cuisines, cinema, and exhibits at the kiosks of the participant countries.
Giannis Papaioannou’s Festival includes concerts and music seminars.[10]
Ilios ke Petra (Sun and Stone)(July): a Festival held in “Akontisma” of Nea Karvali. The event is of folkloric character, with the participation of traditional dancing groups from all over the world.
Wood Water Wild Festival:[11] Wood Water Wild is an outdoor activities festival, inspired by nature. It includes live bands & DJ sets, body&mind activities, a book fair, outdoor theatre, ecology, camping, and debates.
Kavala AirSea Show:[12] An annual air show, which takes place during the last days of June
Besides, various cultural events are held in all municipalities of Kavala during the summer months.
Cuisine
Fish and sea food, as well as the products of the local livestock breeding and agricultural sectors are the prevailing elements of Kavala courses. In Kavala, the traditional local recipes have been influenced by the cuisine of the refugees from Pontos, Asia Minor and Kappadokia. Fresh fish and sea food, salted food, mackerel "gouna" (sun dried mackerel on the grill), sardine pantremeni, mussels with rice, herring saganaki, anchovies wrapped in grape leaves, Stuffed eggplant: these are some very renowned recipes in Kavala and the coastal settlements of the region. The grapes, wine and tsipouro produced in the area, as well as the kourabiedes (sugar-coated almond biscuits) from Nea Karvali are particularly famous.
Municipality
The municipality of Kavala was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 2 former municipalities, that became municipal units:[13]
Municipal units (former municipalities):
Kavala
Filippoi
Municipal unit
Kavala 58,790
Filippoi 11,711
The population of the new municipality is 70,501 and the area is 350,61 km2. The seat of the municipality is in Kavala. Some of the most important communities inside new municipality are:
Population
Kavala 56,371
Krinides 3,365
Amigdaleonas 2,724
Nea Karvali 2,225
Zygos 2,057
Subdivisions
Kavala is built amphitheatrically, with most residents enjoying superb views of the coast and sea. Some of the regions inside Kavala are:
Agia Varvara Agios Athanasios Agios Ioannis Agios Loukas Chilia
Dexameni Kalamitsa Kentro Neapolis Panagia
Perigiali Potamoudia Profitis Ilias Timios Stavros Vyronas
Province
The province of Kavala (Greek: Επαρχία Καβάλας) was one of the provinces of the Kavala Prefecture. Its territory corresponded with that of the current municipality Kavala, and part of the municipal unit Eleftheroupoli.[14] It was abolished in 2006.
Transport
Highway Network
European route E90 runs through the city and connects Kavala with the other cities. The Egnatia Motorway (A2) lies north of the city. One can enter the city from one of two Junctions; 'Kavala West' and 'Kavala East'.Kavala has regular connection with Interregional Bus Lines (KTEL) from and to Thessaloniki and Athens.
Airport
The Kavala International Airport "Alexander the Great" (27 km (17 mi) from Kavala) is connected with Athens by regularly scheduled flights and with many European cities by scheduled and charter flights.
Port
Kavala is connected with all the islands of the Northern Aegean Sea with frequent itineraries of various ferry lines.
Bus
The city is connected with all of the large Greek cities such as Thessaloniki and Athens. All of the local villages are also connected via bus lines. The cost of tickets is very cheap. There is also a shuttle bus in Kavala with these lines : 1. Vironas - Kallithea 2. Dexameni 3. Cemetery 4. Kipoupoli - Technological Institute 5. Agios Loukas 6. Profitis Ilias 7. Stadium 8. Kalamitsa - Batis ( only in summer ) 9. Agios Konstantinos 10. Neapoli 11. Hospital - Perigiali
Sports
Kavala F.C.: AO Kavala (Greek: Athlitikos Omilos Kavala, Αθλητικός Όμιλος Καβάλα), the Athletic Club Kavala, is a professional association football club based in the city of Kavala, Greece.The club plays in the Municipal Kavala Stadium "Anthi Karagianni".[15]
Kavala B.C.: Enosi Kalathosfairisis Kavalas (Greek: Ένωση Καλαθοσφαίρισης Καβάλας - Basketball Union of Kavala) is a Greek professional basketball club that is located in Kavala, Greece. The club is also known as E.K. Kavalas. The club's full Greek name is Ένωση Καλαθοσφαίρισης Καβάλας. Which means, Kavala Basketball Union or Kavala Basketball Association in English. The club competes in the Greek League.
Kavala '86: A women football club, founded in 1986, with panhellenic titles in Greek women football.
Kavala Chess Club:[16] Chess is very popular in Kavala and the local chess club ranks top in Greece, enjoying plenty of success both domestically and internationally. The highlight has to be the club's annual International Open, that takes place every August in Kavala and attracts the biggest names in chess from all over the globe
Nautical Club of Kavala (1945, Ναυτικός Ομιλος Καβάλας, ΝΟΚ). Sports of sea (swimming, yachting,water-polo,diving e.t.c.)
Kavala Titans (2009, Τιτάνες Καβάλας). Rugby Union
International relations
Twin towns – Sister cities
Kavala is twinned with:
Bulgaria Gabrovo, Bulgaria (1975)
Bosnia and Herzegovina Gradiška, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1994)
Germany Nuremberg, Germany (1998)
Partnerships
Morocco Agadir, Morocco (2001)
Armenia Martuni, Armenia (2001)
Turkey Tekirdağ, Turkey (2003)
Bulgaria Gotse Delchev, Bulgaria (2003)
Serbia Vranje, Serbia (2009)
Postage stamps
Austria opened a post office in Kavala before 1864.[18] Between 1893 and 1903, the French post office in the city issued its own postage stamps; at first stamps of France overprinted with "Cavalle" and a value in piasters, then in 1902 the French designs inscribed "CAVALLE".
Historical population
1961 44,517 44,978 -
1971 46,234 46,887 -
1981 56,375 56,705 -
1991 56,571 58,025 -
2001 58,663 63,293 -
2011 54,027 58,790 70,501
Notable figures
Muhammad Ali Pasha of Kavala, the Albanian Wali (governor) of Egypt between 1805–1848 and founder of the modern state of Egypt
Theodore Kavalliotis, Greek Orthodox priest, teacher and a figure of the Greek Enlightenment
Vassilis Vassilikos, Greek writer and diplomat
George Georgiadis, Greek footballer
Giorgos Heimonas (1938–2000), writer and translator
Nikos Karageorgiou, (born December 9, 1962) Manager of Greek football team Ergotelis, based in Heraklion, Crete
Anthi Karagianni, silver medalist in the Athens 2004 and Beijing 2008 Paralympic Games; the city's Municipal stadium is named after her
Vasilis Karas, Greek singer
Nikos Kourkoulis, Greek singer
Mitsos Partsalidis, first elected "red" (communist) mere in modern Greek history, back in 1.4.1934
Antigone Valakou, actress
Despina Vandi, a Top Greek singer
Thanasis Euthimiadis, a Greek actor
Anna Verouli, 1982 Gold Medalist, European Championship, javelin thrower
Zisis Vryzas (born November 9, 1973), former footballer, currently vicepresident of PAOK FC
Theodoros Zagorakis (born October 27, 1971), former footballer, captain of national team of Greece-European champion 2004, currently president of PAOK FC
Anna Gerasimou, a Greek tennis player
Kleon Krantonellis, Αrchitect
one of the 72 names of god according to kabbalah. the specific name that contains the energy of inspiration and dream-state
A Hasid was once appointed to blow the shofar or ram’s horn on New Year’s day. He began to make elaborate inner preparations in order to experience the intimate mystical contemplations prescribed for this moment by the Kabbalah. Whereupon Reb Bunam turned to him and said, “The prayer book says, ‘S.B.’ This abbreviation means, ‘Simpleton, blow!’ You need not indulge in contemplations. Just think ‘blow’ to carry out God’s will.”
-Abraham Joshua Heschel, A Truth for Passion-Hasidism and Kabbalah
Kavala (Greek: Καβάλα) is a city in northern Greece, the principal seaport of eastern Macedonia and the capital of Kavala regional unit. It is situated on the Bay of Kavala, across from the island of Thasos. Kavala is located on the Egnatia motorway and is a one and a half-hour drive to Thessaloniki (160 kilometres (99 miles) west) and a forty-minute drive to Drama (37 km (23 miles) north) and Xanthi (56 km (35 miles) east). Its nickname is The cyan city (Η γαλάζια πόλη).
History
Antiquity
The city was founded at about the end of the 7th century BC by settlers from Thassos, who called it Neapolis (Νεάπολις; "new city" in Greek). It was one of the colonies that the Thassians founded along the coastline in order to take advantage of the rich gold and silver mines of the territory, especially those located in the nearby Pangaion mountain (which were eventually exploited by Phillip the Second of Macedonia).
The worship of "Parthenos", a female deity of Greek–Ionian origin, is archaeologically attested in the archaic period. At the end of the 6th century BC Neapolis claimed its independence from Thassos and cut its own silver coins with the head of Gorgo (γοργὀνειο) on the one side. At the beginning of the 5th century BC a large Ionic temple made from thassian marble replaced the archaic one. Parts of it can now be seen in the archaeological museum of Kavala.
In 411 BC, during the Peloponnesian War, Neapolis was besieged by the allied armies of the Spartans and the Thassians but remained faithful to Athens. Two Athenian honorary decrees in 410 and 407 BC rewarded Neapolis for its loyalty.
Neapolis was a town of Macedonia, located 14 km (9 mi) from the harbor of Philippi. Neapolis was a member of the Athenian League; a pillar found in Athens mentions the contribution of Neapolis to the alliance.
Roman Era
The military Roman road Via Egnatia passed through the city helped commerce to flourish. It became a Roman civitas in 168 BC, and was a base for Brutus and Cassius in 42 BC, before their defeat in the Battle of Philippi. (Appian, B.C. iv. 106; Dion Cass. xlvii. 35.). The Apostle Paul landed at Kavala on his first voyage to Europe (Acts, xvi. 11).
Byzantine Era
In the 6th century, Byzantine emperor Justinian I fortified the city in an effort to protect it from barbaric raids. In later Byzantine times the city was called Christoupolis (Χριστούπολις, "city of Christ") and belonged to the theme of Macedonia. The first mention of the new name is recorded in a taktikon of the early 9th century. The city is also mentioned in the "Life of St. Gregory of Dekapolis". In the 8th and 9th century, Bulgarian attacks forced the Byzantines to reorganize the defense of the area, giving great care to Christoupolis with fortifications and a notable garrison. In 926 the Byzantine general (strategos) Basil Klaudon reconstructed the fallen walls of the city, ("τα πριν φθαρέντα και πεπτωκότα τείχη") according to an inscription that is now in the archaeological museum of Kavala. Due to the location of Christoupolis, the city experienced an economic resurgence, securing the contact between Constantinople and Thessaloniki. During the Norman raid of Macedonia in 1185, the city was captured and burned. In 1302, the Catalans failed to capture the city. In order to prevent them from coming back, the Byzantine emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos built a new long defensive wall ("το παρά την Χριστούπολιν τείχισμα"). In the 13th century the Byzantine Greek historian George Akropolites writes that the city and the area around the city is highly populated with Bulgarians and this makes it more difficult to keep the city as a part of Bizantium.[2] In 1357 it is mentioned that the Byzantine officers and brothers Alexios and John controlled the city and its territory. Recent excavations have revealed the ruins of an early Byzantine basilica under an old Ottoman mosque in the old part of the city (Panagia peninsula). This Christian temple was used until the late Byzantine era, as the also recently revealed small cemetery around it shows. The Ottoman Turks first captured the city in 1387 and completely destroyed it in 1391, as a Mount Athos chronicle testifies.
Ottoman Era
Kavala was part of the Ottoman Empire from 1387 to 1912. In the middle of the 16th century, Ibrahim Pasha, Grand Vizier of Suleiman the Magnificent, contributed to the prosperity and growth of Kavala by the construction of an aqueduct.[3] The Ottomans also extended the Byzantine fortress on the hill of Panagia. Both landmarks are among the most recognizable symbols of the city today.
Mehmet Ali, the founder of a dynasty that ruled Egypt, was born in Kavala in 1769. His house has been preserved as a museum.
Modern Kavala
Kavala was briefly occupied by the Bulgarians during the first Balkan War in 1912, but was finally captured by Greece in 1913 during a successful landing operation by the Greek Navy that was commanded by the famous admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis. During World War I Kavala suffered from the Bulgarian military occupation with many victims among its Greek population.[citation needed] After the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922, the city entered a new era of prosperity because of the labour offered by the thousands of refugees that moved to the area from Asia Minor. The development was both industrial and agricultural. Kavala became greatly involved in the processing and trading of tobacco. Many buildings related to the storage and processing of tobacco from that era are preserved in the city.
During World War II and after the fall of Athens, the Nazis awarded Kavala to their Bulgarian allies in 1941, causing the city to suffer once again, but finally was liberated in 1944.
In the late 1950s Kavala expanded towards the sea by reclaiming land from the area west of the port.
In 1967, King Constantine II left Athens for Kavala in an unsuccessful attempt to launch a counter-coup against the military junta.
Etymology
In antiquity the name of the city was Neapolis. During the Middle Ages it was Christoupolis. The etymology of the modern name of the city is disputed. There are some explanations, either from the Italian cavallo (=horse), or from the Hebrew Kabbalah due to the large Jewish population of the city.
Climate
Kavala has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification "Cfa") that borders on an semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification "BSk" or "BSh" depending on the system used) with annual average precipitation of 460 mm (18.1 in). Snowfalls are sporadic, but happen more or less every year. The humidity is always very high
The absolute maximum temperature ever recorded was 38.0 °C (100 °F), while the absolute minimum ever recorded was −5.8 °C (22 °F).
Education/Research
The Technological Educational Institute (panoramic view).TEI of Kavala: The Technological Educational Institute of Kavala (Greek: ΤΕΙ Καβάλας) is a public institute providing education at university level in the region of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace. The main campus of the institute located in St. Lukas, Kavala and is approximately 132,000 m2 with buildings covering an area of 36,000 m2.The campus is home for 2 faculties (Faculty of Engineering Sciences and Faculty of Business and Economics) with totally 9 departments.
Fisheries Research Institute:[5] Fisheries Research Institute (F.R.I) is one of the five specialized research institutes of N.AG.RE.F, being responsible to conduct research and to promote technological development in the fishery sector. The Institute is located 17 km (11 mi) away from Kavala, in Nea Peramos, at the centre of a marine area with rich fishery grounds and high biodiversity in the surrounding lagoons, lakes and rivers.
Institute of Mohamed Ali for the Research of the Eastern Tradition (I.M.A.R.E.T.):[6] I.M.A.R.E.T. is a registered NGO with the Hellenic Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which was established several months ago by concerned citizens in Kavala, Greece. Its aims include the study of the Egyptian influence in Greece and vice versa. The intra-cultural exchange and dialogue, as well as the promotion of art as a means of intra-cultural understanding. The first major co-operation partner is Cultnat of Bibliotheca Alaxandrina with the aim of documenting and digitizing the architectural heritage of the Mohamed Ali era in Egypt and Greece. Most important event that take place every year at the institute is the International Roman Law Moot Court Competition.
Historical & Literary Archives of Kavala:[7] It is purely a non-profiteering, public utility foundation. The foundation of the Historical & Literary Archives of Kavala is not subsidized by the Greek State, neither by any other enterprise of the private sector. Its operational cost is covered only by its founders and by infrequent aids of the local self-government.
Egnatia Aviation:[8] It is a private training college for pilots that started training in Greece in July 2006. The facilities of Egnatia Aviation mostly located in the former passenger’s terminal of the Kavala International Airport "Alexander the Great".
Culture
Festivals and events
Kavala hosts a wide array of cultural events, which mostly take place during the summer months. The top festival is the Festival of Philippi,[9] which lasts from July to September and includes theatrical performances and music concerts. Since 1957, it has been the city's most important cultural event and one of the most important of Greece.
Cosmopolis is an International Festival held in the Old Town of Kavala that offers an acquaintance with cultures around the world through dancing and musical groups, traditional national cuisines, cinema, and exhibits at the kiosks of the participant countries.
Giannis Papaioannou’s Festival includes concerts and music seminars.[10]
Ilios ke Petra (Sun and Stone)(July): a Festival held in “Akontisma” of Nea Karvali. The event is of folkloric character, with the participation of traditional dancing groups from all over the world.
Wood Water Wild Festival:[11] Wood Water Wild is an outdoor activities festival, inspired by nature. It includes live bands & DJ sets, body&mind activities, a book fair, outdoor theatre, ecology, camping, and debates.
Kavala AirSea Show:[12] An annual air show, which takes place during the last days of June
Besides, various cultural events are held in all municipalities of Kavala during the summer months.
Cuisine
Fish and sea food, as well as the products of the local livestock breeding and agricultural sectors are the prevailing elements of Kavala courses. In Kavala, the traditional local recipes have been influenced by the cuisine of the refugees from Pontos, Asia Minor and Kappadokia. Fresh fish and sea food, salted food, mackerel "gouna" (sun dried mackerel on the grill), sardine pantremeni, mussels with rice, herring saganaki, anchovies wrapped in grape leaves, Stuffed eggplant: these are some very renowned recipes in Kavala and the coastal settlements of the region. The grapes, wine and tsipouro produced in the area, as well as the kourabiedes (sugar-coated almond biscuits) from Nea Karvali are particularly famous.
Municipality
The municipality of Kavala was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 2 former municipalities, that became municipal units:[13]
Municipal units (former municipalities):
Kavala
Filippoi
Municipal unit
Kavala 58,790
Filippoi 11,711
The population of the new municipality is 70,501 and the area is 350,61 km2. The seat of the municipality is in Kavala. Some of the most important communities inside new municipality are:
Population
Kavala 56,371
Krinides 3,365
Amigdaleonas 2,724
Nea Karvali 2,225
Zygos 2,057
Subdivisions
Kavala is built amphitheatrically, with most residents enjoying superb views of the coast and sea. Some of the regions inside Kavala are:
Agia Varvara Agios Athanasios Agios Ioannis Agios Loukas Chilia
Dexameni Kalamitsa Kentro Neapolis Panagia
Perigiali Potamoudia Profitis Ilias Timios Stavros Vyronas
Province
The province of Kavala (Greek: Επαρχία Καβάλας) was one of the provinces of the Kavala Prefecture. Its territory corresponded with that of the current municipality Kavala, and part of the municipal unit Eleftheroupoli.[14] It was abolished in 2006.
Transport
Highway Network
European route E90 runs through the city and connects Kavala with the other cities. The Egnatia Motorway (A2) lies north of the city. One can enter the city from one of two Junctions; 'Kavala West' and 'Kavala East'.Kavala has regular connection with Interregional Bus Lines (KTEL) from and to Thessaloniki and Athens.
Airport
The Kavala International Airport "Alexander the Great" (27 km (17 mi) from Kavala) is connected with Athens by regularly scheduled flights and with many European cities by scheduled and charter flights.
Port
Kavala is connected with all the islands of the Northern Aegean Sea with frequent itineraries of various ferry lines.
Bus
The city is connected with all of the large Greek cities such as Thessaloniki and Athens. All of the local villages are also connected via bus lines. The cost of tickets is very cheap. There is also a shuttle bus in Kavala with these lines : 1. Vironas - Kallithea 2. Dexameni 3. Cemetery 4. Kipoupoli - Technological Institute 5. Agios Loukas 6. Profitis Ilias 7. Stadium 8. Kalamitsa - Batis ( only in summer ) 9. Agios Konstantinos 10. Neapoli 11. Hospital - Perigiali
Sports
Kavala F.C.: AO Kavala (Greek: Athlitikos Omilos Kavala, Αθλητικός Όμιλος Καβάλα), the Athletic Club Kavala, is a professional association football club based in the city of Kavala, Greece.The club plays in the Municipal Kavala Stadium "Anthi Karagianni".[15]
Kavala B.C.: Enosi Kalathosfairisis Kavalas (Greek: Ένωση Καλαθοσφαίρισης Καβάλας - Basketball Union of Kavala) is a Greek professional basketball club that is located in Kavala, Greece. The club is also known as E.K. Kavalas. The club's full Greek name is Ένωση Καλαθοσφαίρισης Καβάλας. Which means, Kavala Basketball Union or Kavala Basketball Association in English. The club competes in the Greek League.
Kavala '86: A women football club, founded in 1986, with panhellenic titles in Greek women football.
Kavala Chess Club:[16] Chess is very popular in Kavala and the local chess club ranks top in Greece, enjoying plenty of success both domestically and internationally. The highlight has to be the club's annual International Open, that takes place every August in Kavala and attracts the biggest names in chess from all over the globe
Nautical Club of Kavala (1945, Ναυτικός Ομιλος Καβάλας, ΝΟΚ). Sports of sea (swimming, yachting,water-polo,diving e.t.c.)
Kavala Titans (2009, Τιτάνες Καβάλας). Rugby Union
International relations
Twin towns – Sister cities
Kavala is twinned with:
Bulgaria Gabrovo, Bulgaria (1975)
Bosnia and Herzegovina Gradiška, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1994)
Germany Nuremberg, Germany (1998)
Partnerships
Morocco Agadir, Morocco (2001)
Armenia Martuni, Armenia (2001)
Turkey Tekirdağ, Turkey (2003)
Bulgaria Gotse Delchev, Bulgaria (2003)
Serbia Vranje, Serbia (2009)
Postage stamps
Austria opened a post office in Kavala before 1864.[18] Between 1893 and 1903, the French post office in the city issued its own postage stamps; at first stamps of France overprinted with "Cavalle" and a value in piasters, then in 1902 the French designs inscribed "CAVALLE".
Historical population
1961 44,517 44,978 -
1971 46,234 46,887 -
1981 56,375 56,705 -
1991 56,571 58,025 -
2001 58,663 63,293 -
2011 54,027 58,790 70,501
Notable figures
Muhammad Ali Pasha of Kavala, the Albanian Wali (governor) of Egypt between 1805–1848 and founder of the modern state of Egypt
Theodore Kavalliotis, Greek Orthodox priest, teacher and a figure of the Greek Enlightenment
Vassilis Vassilikos, Greek writer and diplomat
George Georgiadis, Greek footballer
Giorgos Heimonas (1938–2000), writer and translator
Nikos Karageorgiou, (born December 9, 1962) Manager of Greek football team Ergotelis, based in Heraklion, Crete
Anthi Karagianni, silver medalist in the Athens 2004 and Beijing 2008 Paralympic Games; the city's Municipal stadium is named after her
Vasilis Karas, Greek singer
Nikos Kourkoulis, Greek singer
Mitsos Partsalidis, first elected "red" (communist) mere in modern Greek history, back in 1.4.1934
Antigone Valakou, actress
Despina Vandi, a Top Greek singer
Thanasis Euthimiadis, a Greek actor
Anna Verouli, 1982 Gold Medalist, European Championship, javelin thrower
Zisis Vryzas (born November 9, 1973), former footballer, currently vicepresident of PAOK FC
Theodoros Zagorakis (born October 27, 1971), former footballer, captain of national team of Greece-European champion 2004, currently president of PAOK FC
Anna Gerasimou, a Greek tennis player
Kleon Krantonellis, Αrchitect