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Common chicory is a somewhat woody, perennial herbaceous plant of the family Asteraceae, usually with bright blue flowers, rarely white or pink. Native to the Old World, it has been introduced to North America and Australia. Many varieties are cultivated for salad leaves, chicons (blanched buds), or roots (var. sativum), which are baked, ground, and used as a coffee substitute and food additive. In the 21st century, inulin, an extract from chicory root, has been used in food manufacturing as a sweetener and source of dietary fiber. Chicory is also grown as a forage crop for livestock. (Wikipedia)
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Common along almost any trail in Ontario, Chicory provides a spot of colour later in the summer.
NCC Trail 10, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. July 2022.
Dahlia pinnata (D. × pinnata) is a species in the genus Dahlia, family Asteraceae, with the common name garden dahlia. It is the type species of the genus and is widely cultivated.
Used as an ornamental plant, and was cultivated by the Aztecs before the discovery of America, and was introduced to Spain in 1798. Modern dahlias are often the product of hybridisation between D. pinnata and D. coccinea. As cutflowers, dahlia have a long lifespan.[6]
Besides being used for their outside appearance, dahlias tend to be used for their medicinal properties as well. This plant's roots contain some "nutritious inulin stored inside them" and they even have "antibiotic compounds concentrated in the skin of the tubers." This was so much so that this garden dahlia was before such an "important root crop and medicinal plant among the pre-Columbian Indians of central Mexico, Yucatan and Guatemala."
Diente de león al viento (Taxacum officinale) despreciado y desconocido.
Me atrevo a relatar alguna de sus múltiples utilidades:Distribución y hábitat
Hay indicios serios sobre una procedencia europea. En la actualidad se ha extendido prácticamente por todos los continentes.
Se encuentra fácilmente en los caminos, pastizales, prados, siembra directa, y sobre todo en jardines, tanto que es considerada mala hierba o "maleza", por los jardineros.
Usos
Es una planta depurativa, indicada para purificar el organismo de elementos tóxicos. Puede actuar en el hígado, riñón y la vesícula biliar, y con su efecto diurético evita la aparición de piedras en el riñón. También es un tónico digestivo contra el estreñimiento y la resaca de alcohol.
Para uso tópico es eficaz para limpiar la impurezas de la piel, acné, urticaria. Estas propiedades son por su contenido de inulina, ácidos fenólicos, sales minerales, entre otras sustancias que aportan beneficios en la piel.4
En algunos periodos de escasez, la raíz seca se ha utilizado como sustituto de la achicoria, que a su vez era sustituto del café. Sus hojas silvestres o cultivadas son comestibles, se prefieren las que son jóvenes y tiernas para ensaladas mientras que las maduras al ser más amargas se consumen cocidas aunque está sin confirmarse la existencia de cultivos para este fin.
Sin embargo, Font Quer en su Dioscórides renovado comenta de la existencia de cultivos en León por el látex de la raíz, rico en caucho (sin especificar la especie de Taraxacum de que se tratara).
Es una de las principales especies de flora de interés apícola en las praderas, las abejas visitan sus flores indefectiblemente, entregando muy buena cantidad de néctar y polen. Por su distribución prácticamente cosmopolita es conocido en todo el mundo por los apicultores.
Uso en medicina popular
Se llega a hablar de una taraxoterapia en cuanto al uso medicinal de esta planta; en medicina popular es usado para diversas recetas y composiciones con otros fitoremedios, principalmente como:
hepático / biliar
antirreumático, espasmolítico, anaflogístico, diurético
antidiscrático
Fitoquímica
Entre los compuestos más importantes de Taraxacum se encuentran las sesquiterpenlactonas (a las cuales se les atribuyen las propiedades antiinflammatorias y anticancerígenas), fenilpropanoides (se les atribuyen propiedades antiinflamatorias), saponinas triterpenoides y polisacáridos. Las sesquiterpenlactonas normalmente se encuentran como glucósidos, por ejemplo los taraxacósidos, taraxacólidos, dihidrolactucina, ixerina, ácidos taraxínicos, y ainsliósido. Entre los fenilpropanoides se destacan el ácido cicórico, el ácido monocafeoiltartárico, el ácido 4-cafeoilquínico, ácido clorogénico, ácido cafeico y compuestos relacionados. La inulina se encuentra en cantidades considerables en la raíz.5
Uso en fitoterapia
En fitoterapia (herbolaria) se usa también los principios activos puros mediante infusiones o decoctos, principalmente para inapetencia, indigestión y disturbios hepáticos.
Sus hojas contienen gran cantidad de vitamina A, C, hierro, llevando más hierro y calcio que las espinacas u otras hortalizas.6
Uso culinario
En las artes culinarias de países del Mediterráneo es apreciada la ensalada primaveral depurativa hecha ya sea sólo con la hojas de taraxacum o mezclada con otras verduras.
También los pétalos de las flores pueden contribuir a dar sabor y color a ensaladas mixtas. Los botones de las flores son apreciados si se preparan con aceite de oliva. Las flores también se pueden preparar en pastel e incluso fritas (rehogadas). Los tiernos brotes basales se pueden consumir al natural o con aceite de oliva extravirgen o salteados en una sartén con ajo (o aún mejor con ajo ursino).
En muchas regiones de Europa se preparaba una mermelada de estas flores. También se prepara un vino de diente de león.
Las hojas de esta planta son uno de los ingredientes del preboggion, mezcla de hierbas típica de la cocina de Liguria.
En Primavera a la Carta, un cuento de O. Henry incluido en Los cuatro millones, tal vez su obra narrativa más importante, se incluye al taraxacum officinale (Dandelion en inglés y diente de león en español) como uno de los platos primaverales (Dandelions with hard-boiled egg) en un restaurante de Nueva York y viene a ser el protagonista involuntario de una breve y simpática historia de amor, que puede leerse, en inglés, en Wikisource.
FUENTE WIKIPEDIA
La Chicorée sauvage ou Chicorée amère (Cichorium intybus L.) est une espèce de plantes herbacées vivaces de la famille des Astéracées. Elle est à l'origine de salades comme la barbe de capucin.
Elle fait partie des plantes dont la culture est recommandée dans les domaines royaux par Charlemagne dans le capitulaire De Villis (fin du VIIIè ou début du IXè siècle).
Il faut prendre garde de ne pas confondre cette espèce cultivée avec l'espèce proche : la Chicorée endive (Cichorium endivia) qui donne les chicorées frisées et chicorées scaroles.
Nom vulgaire : Chicorée amère ou Chicorée sauvage, Chicorée commune, Chicorée ordinaire, Chicorée intybe,
Noms vernaculaires : chicorée, barbe-de-capucin, fausse gerbe, yeux-de-chat, lacheta, laideron, sautorna, etc. Autrefois on l'appelait aussi écoubette, écoubette bleue ou cheveux de paysan.
Usage médicinal :
La Chicorée sauvage est un tonique amer, cholagogue, dépuratif et légèrement laxatif.
Certaines variétés de chicorée à café sont également cultivées pour la production d'inuline, dont on tire un édulcorant et de l'amidon à usage diététique.
Au Moyen Âge, la Chicorée sauvage était considérée comme une plante magique, anaphrodisiaque. La plante était broyée puis appliquée. Elle était censée diminuer voire ôter toute ardeur de luxure :
« Le 26 janvier 1709, on sait que la princesse de Soubise, qui languit depuis longtemps, et qui s’est trouvée inopinément soulagée par l'usage de la chicorée crue, est retombée dans ses premiers accidents. » (Comte de Cosnac & Edouard Pontal, Mémoires du marquis de Sourches sur le règne de Louis XIV).
D'après :
Picture taken with Laowa 100mm f/2.8 2:1 Ultra Macro
Common chicory (Cichorium intybus) is a somewhat woody, perennial herbaceous plant of the family Asteraceae, usually with bright blue flowers, rarely white or pink. Many varieties are cultivated for salad leaves, chicons (blanched buds), or roots, which are baked, ground, and used as a coffee substitute and food additive. In the 21st century, inulin, an extract from chicory root, has been used in food manufacturing as a sweetener and source of dietary fiber (Wikipedia).
CATALÀ
La xicoira (Cichorium intybus) és una planta de la família de les Asteraceae. Arreu dels Països Catalans es coneix com a cama-roja, masteguera, màstec bord, xicòria, xicòria amarga, xicòria de cafè, xicoia, xicoina o escarola borda.
ENGLISH
Common chicory (Cichorium intybus) is a somewhat woody, perennial herbaceous plant of the daisy family Asteraceae, usually with bright blue flowers, rarely white or pink. Many varieties are cultivated for salad leaves, chicons (blanched buds), or roots (var. sativum), which are baked, ground, and used as a coffee substitute and food additive. In the 21st century, inulin, an extract from chicory root, has been used in food manufacturing as a sweetener and source of dietary fiber.
Chicory is grown as a forage crop for livestock.It lives as a wild plant on roadsides in its native Europe, and is now common in North America, China, and Australia, where it has become widely naturalized."Chicory" is also the common name in the United States for curly endive (Cichorium endivia); these two closely related species are often confused.
THANKS FOR YOUR VISIT AND FAVES
ON THE REACTIONS I WILL TRY TO RESPOND BACK
*Werkzame stoffen van de Paardenbloem
Inuline
Choline
Looizuur
Bitterstoffen
Het melksap bevat eiwit, hars en taraxine.
De paardenbloem is bloedzuiverend, eetlustopwekkend, urineuitdrijvend en laxerend, bevat veel vitamine C en heeft een gunstige uitwerking op de spijsverteringsorganen, lever en nieren.
*Kruidengeneeskunde
De wortel in gedroogde vorm wordt wel tegen nier- en galkwalen gebruikt.
Afkooksel van de wortels, verse worteltinctuur of vers geperst wortelsap van de paardenbloem wordt gebruikt voor de behandeling van artritis.
De wortels en bladeren hebben door de aanwezige bitterstoffen een eetlustopwekkende werking.
De melk van de plant kan gebruikt worden tegen puistjes door ze rechtstreeks aan te brengen.
Het sap van de bloem zou helpen tegen wratten.
Van de bloemen kan een honingachtige siroop worden gekookt. Ook kan er jam mee worden gemaakt. In Engeland bestaat een traditionele frisdrank (dandelion and burdock) waaraan deze siroop is toegevoegd
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*Active substances of the dandelion
Inulin
Choline
Tannic acid
Bitters
The milk juice contains protein, resin and taraxin.
The dandelion is blood purifying, appetizing, diuretic and laxative, contains a lot of vitamin C and has a beneficial effect on the digestive organs, liver and kidneys.
*Herbal medicine
The root in dried form is used against kidney and gall ailments.
Decoction of the roots, fresh root tincture or freshly squeezed dandelion root juice is used to treat arthritis.
The roots and leaves have an appetizing effect due to the bitter substances present.
The milk of the plant can be used against pimples by applying it directly.
The juice of the flower is said to help against warts.
A honey-like syrup can be cooked from the flowers. Jam can also be made with it. In England there is a traditional soft drink (dandelion and burdock) to which this syrup has been added
Dahlia (les dahlias) est un genre de plantes à fleurs de la famille des Astéracées.
Ce sont des plantes tubéreuses.
Le dahlia est originaire des régions chaudes du Mexique, d'Amérique centrale ainsi que de la Colombie. Les Mexicas l'appelaient acocoxochitl (traduit approximativement en « canne d'eau » en raison de sa tige creuse) et utilisaient quotidiennement ses feuilles, pourtant amères, et leurs tubercules comestibles pour nourrir leurs animaux mais aussi pour leurs supposées vertus diurétiques ou anti-épileptiques. Ainsi que le décrit en 1570 Francisco Hernández, les Mexicains le cultivent aussi comme plante ornementale. Il est introduit en France en 1802 par le docteur Thibaud, botaniste lui-même en poste à l'ambassade de Madrid où son tubercule est préconisé comme féculent (au goût d'artichaut mais plus âcre et fibreux) pouvant remplacer la pomme de terre. Mais ses vertus alimentaires sont rapidement supplantées par ses valeurs décoratives lorsque les doubles fleurs de dahlia sont hybridées à partir de 1806 et que des espèces de dahlia cactus (issues de Dahlia juarezii appelé « Étoile du Diable » ou « Corne du Diable » aux fleurs aux ligules longues, effilées et contournées), sont importées du Mexique vers la Hollande en 1872 puis en France en 1876. Aujourd'hui offert commercialement, pour ses qualités ornementales, le dahlia compte plus de quarante mille variétés hybrides (Dahlia × hortensis ou Dahlia × cultorum). Les fleurs, aux formes et aux dimensions variées, sont de tous les coloris sauf le bleu.
Dahlia is a genus of bushy, tuberous, herbaceous perennial plants native to Mexico and Central America. Dahlias are members of the Asteraceae family of dicotyledonous plants, its relatives include the sunflower, daisy, chrysanthemum, and zinnia. There are 49 species of dahlia, with flowers in almost every hue (except blue), with hybrids commonly grown as garden plants.
Dahlias were known only to the Aztecs and other southern North American peoples until the Spanish conquest, after which the plants were brought to Europe.
The tubers of some varieties are of medicinal and dietary value to humans because, in common with species of Inula and many other flowering plants, they use inulin, a polymer of the fruit sugar fructose, instead of starch as a storage polysaccharide.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
_5D44460_1
Dahlia (les dahlias) est un genre de plantes à fleurs de la famille des Astéracées.
Ce sont des plantes tubéreuses.
Le dahlia est originaire des régions chaudes du Mexique, d'Amérique centrale ainsi que de la Colombie. Les Mexicas l'appelaient acocoxochitl (traduit approximativement en « canne d'eau » en raison de sa tige creuse) et utilisaient quotidiennement ses feuilles, pourtant amères, et leurs tubercules comestibles pour nourrir leurs animaux mais aussi pour leurs supposées vertus diurétiques ou anti-épileptiques. Ainsi que le décrit en 1570 Francisco Hernández, les Mexicains le cultivent aussi comme plante ornementale. Il est introduit en France en 1802 par le docteur Thibaud, botaniste lui-même en poste à l'ambassade de Madrid où son tubercule est préconisé comme féculent (au goût d'artichaut mais plus âcre et fibreux) pouvant remplacer la pomme de terre. Mais ses vertus alimentaires sont rapidement supplantées par ses valeurs décoratives lorsque les doubles fleurs de dahlia sont hybridées à partir de 1806 et que des espèces de dahlia cactus (issues de Dahlia juarezii appelé « Étoile du Diable » ou « Corne du Diable » aux fleurs aux ligules longues, effilées et contournées), sont importées du Mexique vers la Hollande en 1872 puis en France en 1876. Aujourd'hui offert commercialement, pour ses qualités ornementales, le dahlia compte plus de quarante mille variétés hybrides (Dahlia × hortensis ou Dahlia × cultorum). Les fleurs, aux formes et aux dimensions variées, sont de tous les coloris sauf le bleu.
Dahlia is a genus of bushy, tuberous, herbaceous perennial plants native to Mexico and Central America. Dahlias are members of the Asteraceae family of dicotyledonous plants, its relatives include the sunflower, daisy, chrysanthemum, and zinnia. There are 49 species of dahlia, with flowers in almost every hue (except blue), with hybrids commonly grown as garden plants.
Dahlias were known only to the Aztecs and other southern North American peoples until the Spanish conquest, after which the plants were brought to Europe.
The tubers of some varieties are of medicinal and dietary value to humans because, in common with species of Inula and many other flowering plants, they use inulin, a polymer of the fruit sugar fructose, instead of starch as a storage polysaccharide.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
_5D44449 50
Dahlia is a genus of bushy, tuberous, herbaceous perennial plants native to Mexico and Central America. Dahlias are members of the Asteraceae (synonym name: Compositae) family of dicotyledonous plants, its relatives include the sunflower, daisy, chrysanthemum, and zinnia. There are 49 species of dahlia, with flowers in almost every hue (except blue), with hybrids commonly grown as garden plants.
Dahlias were known only to the Aztecs and other southern North American peoples until the Spanish conquest, after which the plants were brought to Europe.
The tubers of some varieties are of medicinal and dietary value to humans because, in common with species of Inula and many other flowering plants, they use inulin, a polymer of the fruit sugar fructose, instead of starch as a storage polysaccharide.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Chicory flowers on the lawn in my housing estate. Here are many of them now :)
Smile on Saturday - theme: "Flora in June" :)
Common chicory (Cichorium intybus), is a bushy perennial herbaceous plant with blue, lavender, or occasionally white flowers. It lives as a wild plant on roadsides in its native Europe, and in North America and Australia, where it has become naturalized. It is also grown as a forage crop for livestock. Various varieties are cultivated for salad leaves, chicons (blanched buds), or for roots (var. sativum), which are baked, ground, and used as a coffee substitute and additive. Chicory (especially the flower) was used as a treatment in Germany, and is recorded in many books as an ancient German treatment for everyday ailments. It is variously used as a tonic and as a treatment for gallstones, gastro-enteritis, sinus problems and cuts and bruises. (Howard M. 1987). Chicory contains inulin, which may help humans with weight loss, constipation, improving bowel function, and general health. In rats, it may increase calcium absorption and bone mineral density.
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Kwiaty cykorii na osiedlowym trawniku. Całkiem sporo ich tu teraz kwitnie :)
Cykoria podróżnik (Cichorium intybus) – gatunek rośliny należący do rodziny astrowatych. Znany też jako podróżnik błękitny. Rodzimy obszar jego występowania to znaczna część Europy, Azji oraz Algieria i Tunezja w Afryce Północnej, ale rozprzestrzenił się szeroko i obecnie występuje na wszystkich kontynentach z wyjątkiem Antarktydy. Jest także uprawiany w Azji, Europie, Australazji, Afryce i Ameryce Północnej. W polskiej florze jest rośliną pospolicie występującą na całym obszarze. Cykoria podróżnik to roślina lecznicza, korzeń łagodnie pobudza wytwarzanie soku żołądkowego, żółci oraz ma działanie moczopędne. Jest stosowany w wielu mieszankach ziołowych do leczenia zaburzeń trawienia i przy ogólnym osłabieniu. Młode listki cykorii można wiosną dodawać do sałatek, ze względu na zawartość witamin C, B i mikroelementów.
Topinambur ist nicht nur schmackhaft, sondern auch besonders gesund. Die Knollen enthalten den Mehrfachzucker Inulin, der probiotische Eigenschaften hat und den Stoffwechsel positiv beeinflussen kann – ideal für Diabetiker! Außerdem ist Topinambur reich an Vitaminen und wertvollen Nährstoffen, die deine Gesundheit unterstützen.
Topinambur ist eines der vielseitigsten Gemüse, das es gibt. Egal, ob Du es als Heilpflanze für den Stoffwechsel schätzt, es als Delikatesse in der Küche verwendest oder den klaren Schnaps daraus genießt – Topinambur hat für jeden etwas zu bieten. Die leuchtenden Blüten im Herbst sind ein Highlight für den Garten, und auch im Wildacker erfüllt die Pflanze eine wichtige Funktion für das Wild und den Waldschutz. Vom Kraut als Biomasse bis hin zum Tierfutter – Topinambur ist eine wahre Allrounder-Pflanze.
Mit seiner enormen Lebenskraft hat Topinambur in der traditionellen Heilkunde eine besondere Bedeutung. In der Volksmedizin wird er seit langem zur Behandlung von verschiedenen Krankheiten eingesetzt. Die Pflanze bietet eine sanfte und natürliche Selbsthilfe.
Besonders bewährt hat sich Topinambur bei:
Diabetes und Diät
Verdauungsproblemen
Erhöhter Magensäureproduktion
Kraftlosigkeit und Schlafstörungen
Hautproblemen wie Ekzemen und trockener Haut
Alle Teile der Pflanze können verwendet werden – getrocknet als Pulver, als frische Knolle oder als Tee. Das enthaltene Inulin ist der Schlüssel zu den gesundheitsfördernden Eigenschaften von Topinambur.
Dandelion Appearance: Dandelions are perennial herbaceous plants that can reach a height of 10 to 30 cm. All parts of the plant contain a white, milky sap.
Flower: The inflorescence is a composite flower, consisting of many yellow ray florets grouped into a saucer-shaped head. The image shows a fully open flower, a flower that is still closing, and a bud.
Uses: All parts of the dandelion are edible and non-toxic. The leaves are suitable for salads or smoothies, while the root can be prepared as a vegetable.
Constituents: Dandelions contain bitter substances such as taraxacin, the dietary fiber inulin, as well as vitamins (e.g., vitamin C, vitamin A, and B vitamins) and minerals (e.g., potassium, copper, zinc).
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Löwenzahn Erscheinungsbild: Löwenzahn ist eine ausdauernde krautige Pflanze, die eine Wuchshöhe von 10 bis 30 cm erreichen kann. Alle Pflanzenteile enthalten einen weißen Milchsaft.
Blüte: Der Blütenstand ist eine Scheinblüte, die aus vielen gelben Zungenblüten besteht, die zu einem tellerförmigen Körbchen zusammengefasst sind. Im Bild sind eine voll geöffnete Blüte, eine Blüte, die sich noch schließt, und eine Knospe zu sehen.
Verwendung: Alle Teile des Löwenzahns sind essbar und nicht giftig. Die Blätter eignen sich für Salate oder Smoothies, während die Wurzel als Gemüse zubereitet werden kann.
Inhaltsstoffe: Löwenzahn enthält Bitterstoffe wie Taraxacin, den Ballaststoff Inulin sowie Vitamine (z. B. Vitamin C, Vitamin A und B-Vitamine) und Mineralstoffe (z. B. Kalium, Kupfer, Zink).
Deze azuurblauwe bloemen gaan alleen open als de zon schijnt. Ze bloeien maar één dag.
De gemalen wortels, vooral in de negentiende eeuw, werden als koffiesubstituut gebruikt door het hoge gehalte aan inuline.
Ook in de oorlog werd er heerlijke surrogaatkoffie van gemaakt
Common chicory (Cichorium intybus) is a somewhat woody, perennial herbaceous plant of the family Asteraceae, usually with bright blue flowers, rarely white or pink. Native to the Old World, it has been introduced to the Americas and Australia. Many varieties are cultivated for salad leaves, chicons (blanched buds), or roots (var. sativum), which are baked, ground, and used as a coffee substitute and food additive. In the 21st century, inulin, an extract from chicory root, has been used in food manufacturing as a sweetener and source of dietary fiber.
Chicory is grown as a forage crop for livestock. "Chicory" is also the common name in the United States for curly endive (Cichorium endivia); these two closely related species are often confused.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Die Knolle kann roh in Salaten als auch in Salzwasser gekocht verzehrt werden. Bekannt ist der Topinambur-Verdauunsgsschnaps.
Wird Inulin regelmäßig mit der Nahrung aufgenommen, senkt das die Blutfettwerte und fördert die Anwesenheit von Bifidobakterien.
Topinambur ist eine aus Nordamerika stammende, mehrjährige Staude (Helianthus tuberosus), die wegen ihrer knolligen Sprossachsen, auch als Knollen-Sonnenblume bezeichnet, angebaut wird. Die Knollen haben eine dünne, variable Schale und ein weißes bis gelbliches Inneres. Sie sind reich an Inulin, einem Ballaststoff, und werden wegen ihres nussig-süßen Geschmacks als Gemüse roh, gekocht, in Suppen oder als Salat zubereitet.
de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topinambur#:~:text=Topinambur%20(IPA:%20%5B%CB%8Ctopinam%CB%88bu%C9%90%5D,s%C3%BC%C3%9Fe%20Knollen%20%C3%A4hnlich%20genutzt%20werden.&text=L.
The dahlia (Dahlia pinnata) is a beautiful plant belonging to the genus Dahlia and the family Asteraceae. It is a tuberous plant, similar to potatoes, and is native to Mexico, where it is considered the national flower. The dahlia was named in honor of the Swedish botanist Anders Dahl by Antonio José Cavanilles, the Spanish abbot and director of the Royal Gardens of Madrid, in 1791.
Dahlias are known for their large, colorful flowers that bloom from the beginning of summer until late autumn. These flowers can be used to add elegance and glamour to gardens and are often used to make bouquets due to their longevity once cut.
In Mexico, dahlias have a rich cultural significance. They were used by the Aztecs for decorative purposes and were named "xicamiti" or "xicami," possibly due to their tuberous roots resembling bulbs. The dahlia was officially designated as the national flower of Mexico in 1963 by President Adolfo López Mateos.
Cultivation of dahlias does not require many inputs and they can adapt to various zones. They thrive in sandy soil with good drainage and full sun exposure.
The dahlia is also valued for its medicinal and nutritional properties. It contains inulin, a prebiotic that aids digestion and helps in the assimilation of certain minerals like calcium and magnesium.
ALGUNAS CURIOSIDADES SOBRE LAS DALIAS
La dalia es originaria de México donde el pueblo azteca utilizaba el término Atlcocotlixochitl para referirse a ella, traducido a nuestro lenguaje sería “tubo de agua”.
Desde 1963 es en su país la flor nacional de su país de origen
La primera descripción de la planta la encontramos en la obra “Historia general de las cosas de la Nueva España”, que en el siglo XVI escribió el fraile franciscano Bernadino de Sahagún, considerado uno de los precursores de la etnografía.
Las primeras semilla de dalias llegaron a España desde México a finales del siglo XVIII. Desde el Jardín Botánico de la Nueva España se enviaron al Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid, donde se plantaron y obtuvieron ejemplares de espectacular floración.
Cavanilles describió y clasificó la planta en 1791, le dió el nombre Dahlia en honor al botánico sueco Anders Dahl. Desde el Real Jardín Botánico de repartieron semillas por diferentes botánicos europeos.
Las dalias despertaron gran interés en la sociedad europea. A principios del siglo XIX se cultivaban unas 100 variedades de dalias pero en un par de décadas, el número de variedades distintas se multiplicó y hacia 1840 se cultivaban unas 2000 distintas
El cultivo de las dalias se convirtió en un gran negocio en todo el mundo. En Holanda el comercio de dalias ocupa la segunda posición en el comercio de floricultura, detrás del tulipán.
Estudios científicos en la Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, en México, han descubierto que los tubérculos de la dalia son ricos en inulina, un polisacárido formado por moléculas de fructosa que ayuda a equilibrar los niveles de insulina en sangre y a controlar la diabetes.
(He subido esta información a título de curiosidad, NO CONSUMIR NINÙN VEGETAL COMO MEDICAMENTO, SALVO ESTAR RECETADO POR UN MÉDICO, FARMACEUTICO O HERBOLARIO.
Chicory flower with an insect, seen on the lawn in my hometown :)
Common chicory (Cichorium intybus), is a bushy perennial herbaceous plant with blue, lavender, or occasionally white flowers. Various varieties are cultivated for salad leaves, chicons (blanched buds), or for roots (var. sativum), which are baked, ground, and used as a coffee substitute and additive. It is also grown as a forage crop for livestock. It lives as a wild plant on roadsides in its native Europe, and in North America and Australia, where it has become naturalized. Chicory (especially the flower) was used as a treatment in Germany, and is recorded in many books as an ancient German treatment for everyday ailments. It is variously used as a tonic and as a treatment for gallstones, gastro-enteritis, sinus problems and cuts and bruises. (Howard M. 1987). Chicory contains inulin, which may help humans with weight loss, constipation, improving bowel function, and general health. In rats, it may increase calcium absorption and bone mineral density.
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Kwiat cykorii z jakąś muszką (niestety, nie wiem co to za owad), pstryknięty na trawniku :)
Cykoria podróżnik (Cichorium intybus) – gatunek rośliny należący do rodziny astrowatych. Znany też jako podróżnik błękitny. Rodzimy obszar jego występowania to znaczna część Europy, Azji oraz Algieria i Tunezja w Afryce Północnej, ale rozprzestrzenił się szeroko i obecnie występuje na wszystkich kontynentach z wyjątkiem Antarktydy. Jest także uprawiany w Azji, Europie, Australazji, Afryce i Ameryce Północnej. W polskiej florze jest rośliną pospolicie występującą na całym obszarze. Cykoria podróżnik to roślina lecznicza, korzeń łagodnie pobudza wytwarzanie soku żołądkowego, żółci oraz ma działanie moczopędne. Jest stosowany w wielu mieszankach ziołowych do leczenia zaburzeń trawienia i przy ogólnym osłabieniu. Młode listki cykorii można wiosną dodawać do sałatek, ze względu na zawartość witamin C, B i mikroelementów.
Van oorsprong komt de plant uit het Middellandse Zeegebied. In Nederland en België is de plant echter al vele eeuwen lang aanwezig en waarschijnlijk door de Romeinen meegebracht. Komt voor in wegbermen, maar ook langs dijken, in droog grasland, bij muren en op vuilnisbelten kan ze worden aangetroffen. De bloeiperiode loopt van juli tot augustus.
De gemalen wortels werden, vooral in de negentiende eeuw, als koffiesubstituut gebruikt door het hoge gehalte aan inuline. Nu wordt deze cichorei weer op vrij grote schaal verbouwd voor de productie van inuline.
De bloeistengels kunnen gekookt gebruikt worden. Vaak worden ze dan met een vinaigrette, room of een andere saus overgoten. Soms worden ze ook gegratineerd geserveerd.
Tijdens het Paasfeest werden de bladeren gegeten bij het gebraden lam.
Cichorei kan gebruikt worden bij maag- en leverklachten, verstoppingen en een gebrek aan eetlust
Uit de plant kan een versterkings- en kalmeringsmiddel worden gemaakt in de vorm van een likkepot. Hiervoor moet één deel verse bloemen worden kleingesneden en in een vijzel worden fijngestampt. Daarna dienen drie delen suiker te worden toegevoegd totdat er een mengsel ontstaat. Dit moet in een goed afgesloten pot enige tijd in de zon worden gezet en daarna koel en donker worden bewaard.
mogelijkheden genoeg dus!
boccioli e frutti insieme del Senecione comune (nome scientifico Senecio vulgaris L., 1753)
Sostanze presenti: senecionina, resine varie, inulina, glucosio e sali di potassio.
Proprietà curative:
antielmintica (elimina svariati tipi di vermi o elminti parassiti);
antiscorbutica (combatte lo scorbuto con la presenza di vitamine);
emmenagoga (regola il flusso mestruale);
vasocostrittrice (restringe i vasi sanguigni aumentandone la pressione);
cardiotonica (regola la frequenza cardiaca);
diaforetica (agevola la traspirazione cutanea).
Parti usate: la pianta intera sotto forma di infusi, tinture e sciroppi.
(da Wikipedia)
Thanks Bárbol for the ID!
Sorry, to me is very difficult to visit people that always only leave a fav without commenting...
Do not use any of my images on websites, blogs or other media without my explicit written permission.
All rights reserved - Copyright © fotomie2009 - Nora Caracci
Surprisingly, Dandelions are full of nutrition!They are packed with Vitamins A, C, K; they also have minerals like Iron, calcium, magnesium, and potassium! Plus don't forget fiber! The roots contain inulin which support healthy gut bacteria and digestion.. In addition, they are an Antioxidant, and have anti-inflammatory properties!
That is a tall bill to fill for such a little flower!
Enjoy your day and keep it healthy! :-))
Dahlia is a genus of bushy, tuberous, herbaceous perennial plants native to Mexico and Central America. As a member of the Asteraceae (synonym name: Compositae) family of dicotyledonous plants, its relatives include the sunflower, daisy, chrysanthemum, and zinnia. There are 49 species of dahlia, with flowers in almost every hue (except blue), with hybrids commonly grown as garden plants.
Dahlias were known only to the Aztecs and other southern North American peoples until the Spanish conquest, after which the plants were brought to Europe. The (high in sugar) tubers of some varieties are of value to humans. There is also a special polysaccharide of Fructan obtained known as Inulin.
The genus Dahlia is situated in the Asteroideae subfamily of the Asteraceae, in the Coreopsideae tribe. Within that tribe it is the second largest genus, after Coreopsis, and appears as a well defined clade within the Coreopsideae.
The naming of the plant itself has long been a subject of some confusion. Many sources state that the name "Dahlia" was bestowed by the pioneering Swedish botanist and taxonomist Carl Linnaeus to honor his late student, Anders Dahl, author of Observationes Botanicae. However, Linnaeus died in 1778, more than eleven years before the plant was introduced into Europe in 1789, so while it is generally agreed that the plant was named in 1791 in honor of Dahl, who had died two years before, Linnaeus could not have been the one who did so. It was probably Abbe Antonio Jose Cavanilles, Director of the Royal Gardens of Madrid, who should be credited with the attempt to scientifically define the genus, since he not only received the first specimens from Mexico in 1789, but named the first three species that flowered from the cuttings.
Es la temporada de esta verdura. Bien sea al horno, hervidas o a la plancha son un excelente diurético y fuente de inulina que favorecerá una microbiota intestinal saludable. ¡Además por su textura son muy fotogénicas!
És la temporada d'aquesta verdura. Bé siga al forn, bollides o a la planxa són un excel·lent diürètic i font d'inulina que afavorirà una microbiota intestinal saludable. A més per la seua textura són molt fotogèniques!
It is the season of this vegetable. Whether baked, boiled or grilled, they are an excellent diuretic and source of inulin that will promote a healthy intestinal microbiota. Also because of their texture they are very photogenic!
#nikonD850 #tamron70200g2 #carxofa #robisa #godoxlighting #vanguardworldes #neewer #alcachofas #comidasaludable #valència #gastronomia #food #stilllife #bodegon @nikonespana_official @robisa.es @godoxlighting @neewer @vanguardworldes @natgeoesp
In Damwoude is een cichorei-museum. Cichorei werd tot voor de tweede wereldoorlog in de Noordelijke Friese Wouden veel geteelt, om een namaak-koffie te produceren als alternatief voor de dure echte koffie (tegenwoordig zou de productie van de namaak-koffie veel duurder zijn dan die van de echte koffie). Wel wordt cichorei nog gekweekt om er medicijn uit te winnen o.a. tegen malaria.
www.natuurlijkerwijs.com/cichorei.htm
Op drie grote reliëfs in een openbaar plantsoen in Damwoude wordt de kweek en productie van cichorei toegelicht:
CICHOREI
De plant
Cichorei is een tweejarige plant. Het eerste jaar wordt deze verbouwd voor de worteloogst, het tweede jaar groeit uit de wortel een steel met blauwe bloemetjes, hier werd zaad van gewonnen. De wortel bevat vaten met melksap-koolhydraten (vooral inuline).
De teelt
De zaaitijd was in mei. Na het eggen trok men voren met een cichoreiploeg (2) met vier bulkjes (1) In de voren werd met een zaaimachine (3) het zaad gezaaid. Rijenafstand circa 30 centimeter. Na het uitdunnen werd de plantafstand ongeveer 30 centimeter, zodat er per hectare ongeveer 100.000 planten groeiden. Er moest regelmatig geschoffeld en gewied worden.
De oogst
De planten werden in oktober- november gerooid, in rijen gelegd en van het loof ontdaan. De wortels waren 15 – 20 centimeter lang.
I have blue agave plants in my Tucson but this plant is courtesy of Wikipedia which help I support. With an ongoing small donation.
Agave tequilana, commonly called blue agave (agave azul) or tequila agave, is an agave plant that is an important economic product of Jalisco, Mexico, due to its role as the base ingredient of tequila, a popular distilled beverage. The high production of sugars named agavins, mostly fructose, in the core of the plant is the main characteristic that makes it suitable for the preparation of alcoholic beverages.
Blue agave
Agave tequilana 1.jpg
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom:
Plantae
Clade:
Tracheophytes
Clade:
Angiosperms
Clade:
Monocots
Order:
Asparagales
Family:
Asparagaceae
Subfamily:
Agavoideae
Genus:
Agave
Species:
A. tequilana
Binomial name
Agave tequilana
F.A.C.Weber
Synonyms[1]
Agave angustifolia subsp. tequilana (F.A.C.Weber) Valenz.-Zap. & Nabhan
Agave palmeris Trel.
Agave pedrosana Trel.
Agave pes-mulae Trel.
Agave pseudotequilana Trel.
Agave subtilis Trel.
The tequila agave is native to the states of Jalisco, Colima, Nayarit and Aguascalientes in Mexico. The plant favors altitudes of more than 1,500 metres (5,000 ft) and grows in rich and sandy soils. Blue agave plants grow into large succulents, with spiky fleshy leaves, that can reach over 2 metres (7 ft) in height. Blue agaves sprout a stalk (quiote) when about five years old that can grow an additional 5 metres (16 ft); they are topped with yellow flowers.[2][3] The stalk is cut off from commercial plants so the plant will put more energy into the heart.[4]
The flowers are pollinated by the greater long-nosed bat (and by insects and hummingbirds) and produce several thousand seeds per plant, many of them sterile. The plant then dies. Cultivated plants are reproduced by planting the previously removed shoots; this has led to a considerable loss of genetic diversity in cultivated blue agave.
It is rarely kept as a houseplant, but a 50-year-old blue agave in Boston grew a 9 m (30 ft) stalk requiring a hole in the greenhouse roof and flowered in the summer of 2006.[5]
Tequila production
Edit
Agave azul
Agave tequilana 'Weber's Azul'
Tequila is made only from a specific cultivar of Agave tequilana called 'Weber Azul'. The plant is from the Asparagaceae family. This cultivar is larger and blue-gray in color compared to the smaller and green normal A. tequilana. It is a rapid grower and prolific offsetter in keeping with its agricultural advantages. Tequila is produced by removing the heart (piña) of the plant in its seventh to fourteenth year (depending on growth rate and whims of harvester). Harvested piñas normally weigh 40–90 kg (80–200 lb).[4] This heart is stripped of its leaves and heated to convert the inulin to sugars. Then the roasted core is pressed or crushed to release the sugary clear liquid called aguamiel, which is, in turn, fermented and distilled into alcohol. Tequila is also made with a sugar formulation 51% agave and 49% other sugars. These tequilas are referred to as Mixtos.[6]
Barbe de capucin (Cichorium intybus) ou chicorée sauvage est une plante vivace rustique touffue ayant une grosse racine pivotante. Elle est extrêmement commune dans les prés et au bord des chemins, particulièrement autour du bassin méditerranéen. Les jeunes feuilles qui contiennent des vitamines A, B et C se dégustent en salade sauvage qui est apéritive. Mais, parmi les vertus de Cichorium intybus, il faut noter qu’elle est sudorifique et déconstipante. La racine qui contient de l’inuline qui est diurétique et aide le système digestif à se remettre en .
**
Capuchin beard (Cichorium intybus) or wild chicory is a bushy, hardy perennial with a large taproot. It is extremely common in meadows and roadsides, especially around the Mediterranean basin. Young leaves that contain vitamins A, B and C can be enjoyed in a wild salad that is an aperitif. But among the virtues of Cichorium Intybus, it should be noted that it is sudorific and deconstipating. The root that contains inulin that is diuretic and helps the digestive system to recover.
**
La barba capuchina (Cichorium intybus) o la achicoria silvestre es una planta perenne tupida y resistente con una raíz grande. Es extremadamente común en prados y carreteras, especialmente alrededor de la cuenca mediterránea. Las hojas jóvenes que contienen vitaminas A, B y C se pueden disfrutar en una ensalada silvestre que es un aperitivo. Pero entre las virtudes de Cichorium Intybus, hay que señalar que es sudorífico y desconcentrador. La raíz que contiene inulina es diurética y ayuda a que el sistema digestivo se recupere.
Not 100% certain but I believe these to be chicory flowers.
"Common chicory (Cichorium intybus)[4] is a somewhat woody, perennial herbaceous plant of the dandelion family Asteraceae, usually with bright blue flowers, rarely white or pink. Many varieties are cultivated for salad leaves, chicons (blanched buds), or roots (var. sativum), which are baked, ground, and used as a coffee substitute and food additive. In the 21st century, inulin, an extract from chicory root, has been used in food manufacturing as a sweetener and source of dietary fiber."
USOS:
La Dalia contiene inulina que es un prebiótico, que beneficia la digestión además de colaborar en la asimilación de ciertos minerales como el calcio y el magnesio.
También es una fuente de alimento innocua, contribuye a disminuir triglicéridos, el colesterol así como bajar el peso. Los camotes de dalia tienen fibra dietética y fibra natural, aporta agua, proteínas y su consumo beneficia a la flora intestinal.
Tanto las flores como los tubérculos son comestibles
Hay mucha información muy interesante sobre ellas en google.
UN DÍA MAS TERAPIANDO POR ESTAS GALERÍAS.
MUCHAS GRACIAS POR ESTAR AHÍ.
FUERZA Y SEGUIMOS....
👍💪💪💪💖💖💖🌟⭐
Etimología
Taraxacum: palabra Latín derivada del persa tharakhchakon o talj chakuk (تلخ چکوک), que significa "hierba amarga" y que designa un cierto tipo de achicoria.
No fue hasta el año 1000 que el vocablo pasó al latín medieval a través del médico persa Avicena.
También se le atribuye la etimología griega taraxos, mal, enfermedad, y akon, remedio, en alusión a su propiedades medicinales
Diente de león
Taraxacum officinale, considerada maleza, sus raíces han sido usado medicinalmente en Europa desde el siglo XV.
Las tribus de nativos americanos Iroquois, Ojibwe y Rappahannock preparaban la raíz del diente de león para tratar enfermedades renales, malestar y acidez estomacal.
En la medicina tradicional árabe, el diente de león se ha usado para tratar las enfermedades del hígado y del bazo.
Además de aquellas funciones, la medicina tradicional china combina el diente de león con otras hierbas para mejorar la respuesta inmunológica a las infecciones del tracto respiratorio superior, bronquitis o neumonía y en compresas para tratar la inflamación de la mama.40
Las hojas de las plantas de diente de león son ricas en potasio y es un diurético más potente que la raíz.
También dan un gran sabor en las ensaladas.
Tanto las hojas como la raíz son tónicos para el hígado y son útiles en el tratamiento de muchos problemas digestivos, indigestión y la pérdida del apetito.40
Los principales compuestos en la raíz del diente de león son lactonas, un alcohol llamado taraxasterol, fitoesteroles y mucílagos. También poseen altas concentraciones de inulina durante el otoño.
En algunas personas sensibles, el contacto con la planta causa dermatitis.
CUIDADO: No consumir plantas si no son supervisadas por un especialista, un médico o un farmacéutico.
AQUÍ ENCONTRAREIS MAS INFORMACIÓN SI OS INTERESA.
Nederlands: Paardenbloem (Gewone paardenbloem, Paardebloem)
English: Dandelion (Common dandelion, Broad-lobe dandelion)
Français: Pissenlit
Deutsch: Löwenzahn
Wetenschappelijk: Taraxacum officinale (Leontodon taraxacum)
Familie: Composietenfamilie, Asteraceae (Compositae)
Geslacht: Taraxacum, Paardenbloem
Opmerking: Er worden veel soorten of microsoorten onderscheiden. In ons gebied komen er minstens 250 voor. Enkele daarvan zijn:
Zandpaardenbloem (Taraxacum laevigatum)
Oranjegele paardenbloem (Taraxacum obliquum)
Duinpaardenbloem (Taraxacum erythrospermum)
Schraallandpaardenbloem (Taraxacum celticum)
Haakpaardenbloem (Taraxacum hamatum)
Moeraspaardenbloem (Taraxacum palustre).
English
The health benefits of dandelion include relief from liver disorders, diabetes, urinary disorders, acne, jaundice, cancer and anemia. It also helps in maintaining bone health, skin care and is a benefit to weight loss programs. These and other health benefits are currently being studied for complete validation by a number of international institutions.
Despite the health benefits of dandelions, they are traditionally more popular as ornamental flowering plants than as medicine, because the flowers of dandelions look brilliant and are frequently seen in gardens and parks. There are many varieties of dandelion, but the common dandelion is scientifically known as Taraxacum Officinale. In terms of history, the plant is believed to have evolved about 30 million years ago in Eurasia.
Dandelion, which literally translates into “lion’s tooth” in French, is rich in vitamin A, vitamin C, iron and calcium and detoxifiers which explains its common inclusion in medicines. Below, we will discuss the different things that benefit can do for us, besides decorating our gardens.
Health Benefits Of Dandelion
The health benefits of dandelions include the following:
Bone Health: Dandelions are rich in calcium, which is essential for the growth and strength of bones, and they are rich in antioxidants like vitamin-C and Luteolin, which protect bones from age-related damage. This inevitable damage is often due to free radicals, and is frequently seen as bone frailty, weakness, and decreased density.
Liver Disorders: Dandelions can help the liver in many ways. While the antioxidants like vitamin-C and Luteolin keep the liver functioning in optimal gear and protect it from aging, other compounds in dandelions help treat hemorrhaging in the liver. Furthermore, dandelions aid in maintaining the proper flow of bile, while also stimulating the liver and promoting digestion. Proper digestion can reduce the chances of constipation, which in turn reduces the risk of more serious gastrointestinal issues.
Diabetes: Dandelion juice can help diabetic patients by stimulating the production of insulin from the pancreas, thereby keeping the blood sugar level low. Since dandelions are diuretic in nature, they increase urination in diabetic patients, which helps remove the excess sugar from the body. Diabetics are also prone to renal problems, so the diuretic properties of dandelion can help removing the sugar deposition in the kidneys through increased urination. Furthermore, dandelion juice is slightly bitter to taste, which effectively lowers the sugar level in the blood, as all bitter substances do. Consistently lower blood sugar and a more regulated system of insulin release prevents dangerous spikes and plunges for diabetic patients, so dandelion extracts can be a perfect solution!
Urinary Disorders: Dandelions are highly diuretic in nature, so they help eliminate deposits of toxic substances in the kidneys and the urinary tract. The disinfectant properties of dandelions also inhibit microbial growth in the urinary system. In fact, the diuretic properties of dandelions are so strong that in France, the flower is also called “pissenlit” which means “urinate in bed”.
Skin Care: Dandelion sap, also known as dandelion milk, is useful in treating skin diseases which are caused by microbial and fungal infections. This treatment stems from the fact that the sap is highly alkaline and has germicidal, insecticidal and fungicidal properties. You should be careful while using this sap, and avoid any contact with the eyes. This sap can be used on itches, ringworm, eczema, and other skin conditions without the risk of side effects or hormonal disturbances commonly caused by pharmaceutical skin treatments.
Acne: Dandelion juice is a good detoxifier, diuretic, stimulant and antioxidant. These four properties make it a great treatment for acne. Before we know how it treats acne, we must know what causes it. Acne typically arises during the teenage years, when the body undergoes many physiological and hormonal changes. The flood of new hormones that bring about the changes in the body must be regulated, but if they don’t remain at a healthy ratio, they tend to deposit somewhat toxic substances into the body. These toxins tend to come out along with sweat through the sweat glands or sebaceous glands on the skin.
uring these hormonal changes, these glands secrete more oils which, when mixed with dead skin, block the pores and the secretion of toxins is obstructed. Therefore, the toxic substances cannot escape and eventually result in acne. This situation is exacerbated by the microbial infections on the effected places. Dandelion juice, being a stimulant, diuretic and detoxifier in nature, can help regulate proper secretion of hormones, increase sweating and widen the pores. All of these factors help to facilitate the removal of toxins through sweat and urine. Furthermore, dandelion sap, if externally applied to areas with acne, can inhibit microbial infection and reduce the frustrating signs of acne. Also, it can speed up healing due to its vitamin-C content, so the scars and ugly red inflammation that traditionally follows acne treatment will be less noticeable.
Weight Loss: Our urine consists of up to 4% fat, so the more we urinate, the more water and fats are lost from the body. Dandelions, being diuretic in nature, promotes urination and thereby helps lose the dreaded “water weight” without causing any side effects. Furthermore, dandelions are low in calories, like most leafy greens, but for the small expense of calories (~1oo cal./4 cups), you get a huge amount of beneficial side effects. This is also why dandelions are sometimes used as sweeteners, because they are not packed with unhealthy sugars.
Cancer: Dandelions are high in antioxidants, such as vitamin-C and Luteolin, which reduce the free radicals (major cancer-causing agents) in the body, thereby reducing the risk of cancer. It also detoxifies the body, which further helps protect from the development of tumors and various cancers. Luteolin actually poisons essential components of cancer cells when it binds to them, rendering them ineffective and unable to reproduce. This characteristic has been demonstrated most notably with prostate cancer, although there are other studies being done.
Jaundice: Jaundice is primarily a disorder of the liver in which the organ starts overproducing bile, which ultimately enters the bloodstream and wreaks havoc on the body’s metabolism. The excess bile is also reflected through color of the skin, and eyes, which typically develop a yellow tint. The treatment of jaundice includes three main steps. First, you need to curb the production of bile. Second, you must remove the excess bile from the body, and third, you have to fight the underlying viral infection.
Dandelions are very helpful in all of these steps. It promotes liver health and regulates bile production. Being diuretic in nature, it promotes urination, where the excess bile can be eliminated. Finally, as an antioxidant and disinfectant due to the presence of vitamin-C and Luteolin, it fights viral infections as well. It is most beneficial when taken with sugarcane juice, since it replaces the sugar in the body that is significantly lowered due to the impact of excess bile. A lack of sugar can cause extreme fatigue and weakness, so dandelions help boost your energy levels after infection!
Gall Bladder Disorders: Dandelions are very beneficial for the gall bladder and liver, because they improve their general functioning, protects them from ill effects of oxidants and infections, and regulates the various secretions from both organs.
Constipation: Certain components of dandelion, namely the high levels of dietary fiber, make it a beneficial aid for digestion and proper intestinal health. Dietary fiber stimulates healthy bowel movements by adding bulk to stool, and also reduces chances of constipation as well as diarrhea. It regulates bowel movements, which can prevent more serious gastrointestinal issues. It is commonly prescribed for children who are experiencing constipation, as it is relatively soothing on the stomach. It has also been used to stimulate the appetite, particularly following trauma or surgery.
Anemia: Dandelions have relatively good levels of iron, vitamins, and protein content. While iron is the integral part of hemoglobin in the blood, vitamins like vitamin-B and protein are essential for the formation of red blood cells and certain other components of the blood. This way dandelion can help anemic people keep their condition in check.
High Blood Pressure: Urination is an effective way of lowering blood pressure. In fact, most of the modern medicines for lowering blood pressure are based on this phenomenon. Dandelion juice, being diuretic in nature, increases urination, both in quantity and frequency. Therefore, it helps lower high blood pressure. The fiber in dandelion is also helpful in reducing cholesterol and thereby assists in lowering blood pressure, since cholesterol is one of the factors that increases blood pressure. Finally, there is the high potassium content of dandelions, which is very effective in lowering blood pressure by replacing sodium.
Other Benefits: Dandelions can also be used as a vegetable and is a good source of fiber. It promotes digestion, and in the past, it was used to treat scurvy, because of its high levels of vitamin-C. It also has healing effects on dyspepsia, infections in the stomach, intestines and urinary system.
A Few Words of Warning: Dandelions can be helpful to diabetics by lowering blood sugar, but for patients already taking blood-sugar modulators, this can result in hypoglycemia, an equally dangerous condition. Consult your doctor before adding dandelion supplements on top of your normal treatment. Also, the milk sap of dandelions has been known to cause itchiness, irritation, or allergic reactions on the skin, and should be kept away from the eyes. Finally, there is a rare type of fiber in dandelions called inulin, and some people have a predisposed sensitivity or allergy to it which can be quite severe. When first adding dandelion greens to your diet in any way, start small and closely monitor your body’s response.
Other than that, pick some delicious dandelion greens and get healthy!
Borde de camino
Ventas de Zafarraya.
Alhama de Granada.
Ecología: Vegetación ruderal y viaria. Se cría entre los herbazales que se forman en los márgenes de caminos y bordes de carreteras, también en los barbechos y bancales abandonados o en los claros del matorral. Indiferente al substrato, prefiere los lugares de suelos más o menos nitrificados, profundos, pedregosos o arenosos y secos. Crece en exposiciones soleadas en áreas abiertas no demasiado frías.
Etnobotánica: Esta alcachofilla como todas las especies del género Cynara, ha sido utilizada desde la más remota antigüedad por los pastores de la cuenca mediterránea para obtener sus quesos tradicionales. Para ello recogen los filamentos de las inflorescencias de donde se puede obtener un excelente cuajo vegetal.
Al igual que las otras alcachofas, sus hojas tiernas antes de la maduración de las espinas, son muy apreciadas para consumir hervidas o en ensaladas. Incluso las grandes pencas de la base de las hojas son comestibles. Como posee unos principios amargos, a toda la planta se le atribuyen interesantes propiedades diuréticas y digestivas.
La presencia de grandes cantidades de inulina, hace que sea apta para el consumo por diabéticos.
Etimología: El epíteto genérico Cynara fue creado por Tounefort como Cinara allá por el 1700 y cambiado a Cynara por S. Vaillant, para posteriormente ser validado por Linneo en 1753.
Para algunos autores al vocablo se le supone un origen desconocido. Otros autores piensan que su origen está en el término griego kynára, -as o en su forma latina cynára, -ae que con toda probabilidad era el nombre empleado para denominar la alcachofera.
Por su parte el término humilis proviene del latín humílis, -e = humilde, bajo; haciendo referencia a su corta talla.
Península Ibérica y NW de África, Marruecos y Argelia, rara en Mauritania. C y sobre todo S de la Penísula, y Baleares.
Tomado de floressilvestresdelmediterraneo.blogspot.com/2017/04/aste...
Proprietà del tarassaco
La radice del tarassaco possiede proprietà depurative, in quanto stimola la funzionalità biliare, epatica e renale, cioè attiva gli organi emuntori (fegato reni pelle) adibiti alla trasformazione delle tossine, nella forma più adatta alla loro eliminazione (feci, urina, sudore). I principali componenti del suo fitocomplesso sono alcoli triterpenici (tarasserolo); steroli; vitamine (A,B,C,D); inulina, principi amari (tarassacina), sali minerali che conferiscono alla pianta proprietà amaro-toniche e digestive.
Queste sostanze anche proprietà purificanti, antinfiammatorie e disintossicanti nei confronti del fegato: favoriscono l’eliminazione delle scorie (zuccheri, trigliceridi, colesterolo e acidi urici) rendendo il tarassaco una pianta epatoprotettiva, indicata in caso di insufficienza epatica, itterizia e calcoli biliari.
Stimola, inoltre, le secrezioni di tutte le ghiandole dell’apparato gastroenterico (saliva, succhi gastrici, pancreatici, intestinali) e la muscolatura dell’apparato digerente producendo un’azione lassativa secondaria.
Nella tradizione contadina il tarassaco è anche conosciuto come “piscialetto”, appellativo che suggerisce le proprietà diuretiche della droga. Di tali proprietà sono responsabili i flavonoidi e in parte i sali di potassio, che stimolano la diuresi favorendo l’eliminazione dei liquidi in eccesso. La sua assunzione è perciò indicata in caso di ritenzione idrica, cellulite e ipertensione.
Infine il tarassaco è in grado di riattivare la funzione immunologica e potenziare la risposta immunitaria del sistema linfatico. L’ossido nitrico (NO), in esso contenuto, è implicato nei processi di regolazione e difesa del sistema immunitario: agisce infatti come un messaggero intracellulare stimolando l’attività fagocitaria delle cellule.
Jerusalem artichoke
Dug last week and they are part of Sunday dinner this evening.
I have been growing these for >20 years and quite like them. Very easy to grow and they persist in the same ground for years without any looking after. They are, however fiddly to clean and peel as they are smaller than anything I routinely peel!
They are unusual (among commonly eaten vegetable tubers) in that they store their carbs in the form of inulin (a polymer of fructose), famously relatively indigestible by humans and a source of flatulence. I have never found that they make me fart any more than I usually do!
From Wikipedia:
This article is about the cultivated vegetable called chicon. For the Worldcons named Chicon, see Chicon (Worldcon).
Common chicory, Cichorium intybus,[3] is a somewhat woody, perennial herbaceous plant usually with bright blue flowers, rarely white or pink. Many varieties are cultivated for salad leaves, chicons (blanched buds), or for roots (var. sativum), which are baked, ground, and used as a coffee substitute and additive.
Common chicory is also known as blue daisy, blue dandelion, blue sailors, blue weed, bunk, coffeeweed, cornflower, hendibeh, horseweed, ragged sailors, succory, wild bachelor's buttons, and wild endive.
...Some beer brewers use roasted chicory to add flavor to stouts (commonly expected to have a coffee-like flavour). Others have added it to strong blond Belgian-style ales, to augment the hops, making a "witlofbier", from the Dutch name for the plant.
Medicinal use: Root chicory contains volatile oils similar to those found in plants in the related genus Tanacetum which includes Tansy, and is similarly effective at eliminating intestinal worms. All parts of the plant contain these volatile oils, with the majority of the toxic components concentrated in the plant's root.
Chicory is well known for its toxicity to internal parasites. Studies indicate that ingestion of chicory by farm animals results in reduction of worm burdens, which has prompted its widespread use as a forage supplement. Only a few major companies are active in research, development, and production of chicory varieties and selections, most in New Zealand.
Chicory (especially the flower), used as a folk medicine in Germany, is recorded in many books as an ancient German treatment for everyday ailments. It is variously used as a tonic and as a treatment for gallstones, gastro-enteritis, sinus problems and cuts and bruises. Chicory contains inulin, which may help humans with weight loss, constipation, improving bowel function, and general health. In rats, it may increase calcium absorption and bone mineral density.
Chicory has demonstrated antihepatotoxic potential in animal studies.
Alternative medicine: Chicory has been listed as one of the 38 plants that are used to prepare Bach flower remedies, a kind of alternative medicine. However according to Cancer Research UK, "there is no scientific evidence to prove that flower remedies can control, cure or prevent any type of disease, including cancer"
Flakebridge only a short walk from Dufton.
Do you want some interesting facts about bluebells?
The bulb contains inulin and muelage used in the past as a glue by fletchers to fasten feathers to arrows and by book binders.
Dahlia pinnata is a species in the genus Dahlia, family Asteraceae, with the common name garden dahlia. It is the type species of the genus and is widely cultivated.
Description
Dahlia pinnata is a perennial herbaceous plant with a rhizome and tuberous roots, reaching a height of 70 to 120 centimetres (28 to 47 inches), rarely 160 cm. The stem is erect, and branched only in the inflorescence. The leaves are usually simple, with leaflets that are ovate and 5–10 centimetres (2–4 in) long. The plant is slightly shaggy.
Between July and October, atop stems 5 to 15 cm in length are two to eight flower heads, 6 to 10 cm in diameter. The eight florets have a length of 3 to 5 cm, are ovate and coloured pink to deep purple.
Taxonomy
Hansen and Hjerting in (1996) demonstrated that Dahlia pinnata should more properly be designated D. x pinnata. D. x pinnata was shown to actually be a variant of D. sorensenii that had acquired hybrid qualities before it was introduced to Europe in the sixteenth century and formally named by Cavanilles. The original wild D. pinnata is presumed extinct.
Distribution and habitat
It is geographically located in Central America, tending to grow at borders. The plant occurs in Mexico in the mountains around Mexico City.
Ecology
Dahlias tend to attract quite a bit of insects, some which are dangerous and harmful to their survival. Insects like slugs, earwigs, the red spider, snails, caterpillars, aphids, and thrips threaten dahlias because they can eat the petals, leave slime trials, leave tattered petals, etc. Dahlias can also become infected with the following diseases: Sclerotinia disease, fungal diseases, mildew, Botrytis, Crown Gall, etc. If dahlias do become infected with these they can wilt, have spots on the leaves, the leaves can get irregular coloring/ patterning, etc.
A study on Dahlia pinnata showed that this D. pinnata was able to accumulate high levels of arsenic from the soil through its roots.
Cultivation
Used as an ornamental plant, and was cultivated by the Aztecs before the discovery of America, and was introduced to Spain in 1798. Modern dahlias are often the product of hybridisation between D. pinnata and D. coccinea. As cutflowers, dahlias have a long lifespan.
Besides being used for their outside appearance, dahlias tend to be used for their medicinal properties as well. According to Glenn Ross Whitley, this plant's roots contain some inulin and the tubers have "antibiotic compounds concentrated in [their] skin". This apparently contributed to the status of the plant as an "important root crop and medicinal plant among the pre-Columbian Indians of central Mexico, Yucatan and Guatemala".
Dahlias prefer rich soil (pH level estimated at around 6.5–7.5) with enough organic matter. The roots must be kept moist since they are very shallow rooted which means they usually become dry fairly frequently and quickly. They bloom around mid-summer through the beginning of winter, they are able to survive a light frost, but anything colder/harsher than that, they will not be able to keep thriving. When the harsh weather of winter is approaching, the dahlias should be dug up and stored in a safer place for them.
Many dahlia pinnata types can grow from seeds but more often they are cultivated by division of the tuberous roots or by stem cuttings. Providing the flower with some kind of plant food (mulch, growing media, nutrient food, etc.) can really make the dahlia healthier and more likely to survive.
Uses
The plant's phytostabilization properties regarding arsenic could lower the risk of the harmful carcinogen to humans.
Dahlia pinnata is a species in the genus Dahlia, family Asteraceae, with the common name garden dahlia. It is the type species of the genus and is widely cultivated.
Description
Dahlia pinnata is a perennial herbaceous plant with a rhizome and tuberous roots, reaching a height of 70 to 120 centimetres (28 to 47 inches), rarely 160 cm. The stem is erect, and branched only in the inflorescence. The leaves are usually simple, with leaflets that are ovate and 5–10 centimetres (2–4 in) long. The plant is slightly shaggy.
Between July and October, atop stems 5 to 15 cm in length are two to eight flower heads, 6 to 10 cm in diameter. The eight florets have a length of 3 to 5 cm, are ovate and coloured pink to deep purple.
Taxonomy
Hansen and Hjerting in (1996) demonstrated that Dahlia pinnata should more properly be designated D. x pinnata. D. x pinnata was shown to actually be a variant of D. sorensenii that had acquired hybrid qualities before it was introduced to Europe in the sixteenth century and formally named by Cavanilles. The original wild D. pinnata is presumed extinct.
Distribution and habitat
It is geographically located in Central America, tending to grow at borders. The plant occurs in Mexico in the mountains around Mexico City.
Ecology
Dahlias tend to attract quite a bit of insects, some which are dangerous and harmful to their survival. Insects like slugs, earwigs, the red spider, snails, caterpillars, aphids, and thrips threaten dahlias because they can eat the petals, leave slime trials, leave tattered petals, etc. Dahlias can also become infected with the following diseases: Sclerotinia disease, fungal diseases, mildew, Botrytis, Crown Gall, etc. If dahlias do become infected with these they can wilt, have spots on the leaves, the leaves can get irregular coloring/ patterning, etc.
A study on Dahlia pinnata showed that this D. pinnata was able to accumulate high levels of arsenic from the soil through its roots.
Cultivation
Used as an ornamental plant, and was cultivated by the Aztecs before the discovery of America, and was introduced to Spain in 1798. Modern dahlias are often the product of hybridisation between D. pinnata and D. coccinea. As cutflowers, dahlias have a long lifespan.
Besides being used for their outside appearance, dahlias tend to be used for their medicinal properties as well. According to Glenn Ross Whitley, this plant's roots contain some inulin and the tubers have "antibiotic compounds concentrated in [their] skin". This apparently contributed to the status of the plant as an "important root crop and medicinal plant among the pre-Columbian Indians of central Mexico, Yucatan and Guatemala".
Dahlias prefer rich soil (pH level estimated at around 6.5–7.5) with enough organic matter. The roots must be kept moist since they are very shallow rooted which means they usually become dry fairly frequently and quickly. They bloom around mid-summer through the beginning of winter, they are able to survive a light frost, but anything colder/harsher than that, they will not be able to keep thriving. When the harsh weather of winter is approaching, the dahlias should be dug up and stored in a safer place for them.
Many dahlia pinnata types can grow from seeds but more often they are cultivated by division of the tuberous roots or by stem cuttings. Providing the flower with some kind of plant food (mulch, growing media, nutrient food, etc.) can really make the dahlia healthier and more likely to survive.
Uses
The plant's phytostabilization properties regarding arsenic could lower the risk of the harmful carcinogen to humans.
Wilde cichorei, ook wel wegenwachter genoemd.
Omstreeks de langste dag zie je in wegbermen en op ruigteplekken of verwaarloosde industrieterreinen waar wat kalk in de grond zit de blauw bloeiende Wilde cichorei, Cichorium intybus. De kleur van deze composiet valt meteen op. De plant heeft een stakige vorm door de vertakte stengel. Vooral in het zuiden van Limburg staat de Wilde cichorei veel in de bermen van de landelijke wegen en langs de randen van akkers.
De bloeiperiode loopt van juli tot augustus. Op de vruchtjes staat als een kroontje een rij van kleine tandjes. Daarmee blijven ze aan de vacht van dieren hangen en worden zo verspreid.
Omdat de blauwe kleurstof gemakkelijk in water oplost, zie je na een regenbui wel verbleekte bloemhoofdjes.
Eetbaar ? Ja
De jonge bladeren kunnen rauw of gestoofd gegeten worden. Om de smaak van de bladeren wat te verzachten wordt cichorei wel eens gebleekt, in de culinaire wereld spreekt men dan over molsla. Dit gebleekte blad is net als witlof te eten. Ook de bloemen zijn eetbaar en een mooie toevoeging aan salades.
Medicinaal? Ja
Cichorei stond al sinds de oudheid bekend om zijn waardevolle eigenschappen. De wortel van deze plant is een uitstekende bron van inuline, een natuurlijk prebioticum, waardoor het de immuniteit van het lichaam versterkt, de darmen beschermt en helpt bij het verwijderen van gifstoffen.
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Chicory
Cichorium intybus, commonly known as chicory, is well known as a coffee substitute but is also widely used medicinally to treat various ailments ranging from wounds to diabetes.
SALUD, DINERO, AMOR.... EL QUE TENGA LAS TRES COSAS QUE............. SE PONGA A REIR Y GASTE ALEGRÍA Y BUEN HUMOR, JAJAJAAA.
"DIGAN LO QUE DIGAN.... LOS DEMÁS"
^_^
LAS DALIAS SON COMESTIBLES .
USOS EN MEDICINA NATURAL:
Las dalias silvestres son conocidas comúnmente con el nombre de acocoxochitl por los pueblos indígenas de México, (acoco=hueco, xochitl=flor, flor de tallo hueco), pero poca gente sabe que posee grandes propiedades alimenticias para el consumo humano, comentó José Merced Mejía Muñoz, jefe del departamento de floricultura de la institución académica.
Después de varios estudios se dieron cuenta de que la raíz de esta planta no sólo se reproduce con facilidad, sino que es comestible y un alimento funcional que en sus raíces tienen una concentración de carbohidratos superior al 70%, un aporte de proteínas que llega al 12%, y fibra cruda de hasta un 17%.
Los carbohidratos, refieren los autores del estudio, son aprovechados por la flora benéfica del intestino, lo que ayuda a facilitar la digestión y permite la absorción de calcio, magnesio y otros minerales. Además, contiene ácido benzoico en sus raíces y fuertes cantidades de antioxidantes en sus flores.
El potencial de la inulina
En tanto la estructura de la inulina que se encuentra en sus tubérculos es parecida al almidón, y cuando es consumida por el organismo humano no es digerida, debido a que no cuenta con las enzimas necesarias para su degradación, y por ello no suben los niveles de glucosa en la sangre.
La raíz de esta planta se puede comer en infinidad de platillos. Su preparación es como la de cualquier tubérculo, se cuece en agua sin ningún otro condimento. El agua se puede utilizar como té y luego de quitar la cáscara que envuelve el tubérculo se pica en cubos pequeños para combinarla y preparar diferentes platillos.
El sabor, señalan los investigadores, es peculiar, parecido a una mezcla de apio, alcachofa y jicama.
Y hay mas propiedades en la página:
holadoctor.com/es/hierbas-a-z/dalia-una-flor-con-potencia...
Some Dahlia Trivia
The common garden variety dahlia was once an important root crop and medicinal plant among the pre-Columbian Indians of central Mexico, Yucatan and Guatemala. Its roots were valued both for the nutritious inulin stored inside them and for the antibiotic compounds concentrated in the skin of the tubers. The dahlia flower was a solar symbol worn by Moctezuma and his nobles. In the modern world, dahlias cultivated as a crop might prove to be a worthy food supplement in subtropical areas. (Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
Загадочная красота цветка объясняет сравнение с ним луны: «Стоит луна, как желтый георгин» (В. Ходасевич)
Dahlia is a genus of bushy, tuberous, herbaceous perennial plants native to Mexico and Central America. Dahlias are members of the Asteraceae (synonym name: Compositae) family of dicotyledonous plants, its relatives include the sunflower, daisy, chrysanthemum, and zinnia. There are 49 species of dahlia, with flowers in almost every hue (except blue), with hybrids commonly grown as garden plants.
Dahlias were known only to the Aztecs and other southern North American peoples until the Spanish conquest, after which the plants were brought to Europe. The tubers of some varieties are of medicinal and dietary value to humans because they contain inulin, a polymer of the fruit sugar, fructose.
As members of the family Asteraceae, dahlias have composite flower heads called capitula that are composed of multiple florets arranged in a central disc with surrounding petal-like rays. Each floret is a flower in its own right. The modern name Asteraceae comes from the type genus Aster and the Ancient Greek word for "star", referring to the appearance of a star with surrounding rays.
Cichorium intybus
Many varieties are cultivated for salad leaves, chicons (blanched buds), or roots (var. sativum), which are baked, ground, and used as a coffee substitute and food additive. In the 21st century, inulin, an extract from chicory root, has been used in food manufacturing as a sweetener and source of dietary fiber.
Common chicory is a somewhat woody, perennial herbaceous plant of the dandelion family Asteraceae, usually with bright blue flowers, rarely white or pink. Many varieties are cultivated for salad leaves, chicons, or roots, which are baked, ground, and used as a coffee substitute and food additive. In the 21st century, inulin, an extract from chicory root, has been used in food manufacturing as a sweetener and source of dietary fiber.
Dahlia is a genus of bushy, tuberous, herbaceous perennial plants native to Mexico and Central America. As a member of the Asteraceae (former name: Compositae) family of dicotyledonous plants, its relatives include the sunflower, daisy, chrysanthemum, and zinnia. There are 49 species of dahlia, with flowers in almost every hue (except blue), with hybrids commonly grown as garden plants.
Dahlias were known to the Aztecs until their Spanish conquest, after which the plants were brought to Europe. The (high in sugar) tubers of some varieties are of value to humans.
Description
Dahlias are perennial plants with tuberous roots, though they are grown as annuals in some regions with cold winters. While some have herbaceous stems, others have stems which lignify in the absence of secondary tissue and resprout following winter dormancy, allowing further seasons of growth. As a member of the Asteraceae, the dahlia has a flower head that is actually a composite (hence the older name Compositae) with both central disc florets and surrounding ray florets. Each floret is a flower in its own right, but is often incorrectly described as a petal. The modern name Asteraceae refers to the appearance of a star with surrounding rays.
The stems are leafy, ranging in height from as low as 30 centimetres (12 inches) to more than 1.8–2.4 metres (6–8 feet). Flower forms are variable, with one head per stem; these can be as small as 5 cm (2 in) in diameter or up to 30 cm (1 ft) ("dinner plate"). The majority of species do not produce scented flowers. Like most plants that do not attract pollinating insects through scent, they are brightly colored, displaying most hues, with the exception of blue.
The great variety in species results from garden dahlias being octoploids, having eight sets of homologous chromosomes. In addition, dahlias also contain many transposons—genetic pieces that move from place to place upon an allele—which contributes to their manifesting such great diversity.
Taxonomy
Spaniards reported finding the plants growing in Mexico in 1525, but the earliest known description is by Francisco Hernández, physician to Philip II, who was ordered to visit Mexico in 1570 to study the "natural products of that country". They were used as a source of food by the indigenous peoples, who both gathered wild specimens and cultivated crops. The indigenous peoples variously identified the plants as "Chichipatl" (Toltecs) and "Acocotle" or "Cocoxochitl" (Aztecs). From Hernandez's perception of Nahuatl to Spanish (through various other translations) the word is "water cane", "water pipe", "water pipe flower", "hollow stem flower", or "cane flower", all referring to the hollow plant stems.
Hernandez described two varieties of dahlias (the pinwheel-like Dahlia pinnata and the huge Dahlia imperialis) as well as other medicinal plants of New Spain. Francisco Dominguez, an Hidalgo gentleman who accompanied Hernandez on part of his seven-year study, made a series of drawings to supplement the four volume report. Three of his drawings showed plants with flowers: two resembled the modern bedding dahlia, and one resembled the species Dahlia merckii; all displayed a high degree of doubleness. In 1578, a manuscript titled Nova Plantarum, Animalium et Mineralium Mexicanorum Historia, was sent back to the Escorial in Madrid. It was translated into Latin by Francisco Ximenes in 1615. In 1640, Francisco Cesi, President of the Academia dei Lincei of Rome, bought the Ximenes translation and, after annotating it, published it in 1649–1651 as two volumes, Rerum Medicarum Novae Hispaniae Thesaurus Seu Nova Plantarium, Animalium et Mineralium Mexicanorum Historia. The original manuscripts were destroyed in a fire in the mid-1600s.
European introduction
In 1787, the French botanist Nicolas-Joseph Thiéry de Menonville, sent to Mexico to steal the cochineal insect valued for its scarlet dye, reported the strangely beautiful flowers he had seen growing in a garden in Oaxaca. In 1789, Vicente Cervantes, director of the Botanical Garden at Mexico City, sent "plant parts" to Abbe Antonio José Cavanilles, director of the Royal Gardens of Madrid. Cavanilles flowered one plant that same year, then the second one a year later. In 1791 he called the new growths "Dahlia" for Anders Dahl.[1] The first plant was called Dahlia pinnata after its pinnate foliage; the second, Dahlia rosea for its rose-purple color. In 1796, from the parts sent by Cervantes, Cavanilles flowered a third plant, which he named Dahlia coccinea for its scarlet color.
In 1798, Cavanilles sent D. pinnata seeds to Parma, Italy. That year, the Marchioness of Bute, wife of the Earl of Bute, the English Ambassador to Spain, obtained a few seeds from Cavanilles and sent them to Kew Gardens, where they flowered but were lost after two to three years.
The Dahlia Garden at Holland House in 1907
In the following years Madrid sent seeds to Berlin and Dresden in Germany, and to Turin and Thiene in Italy. In 1802, Cavanilles sent tubers of "these three" (D. pinnata, D. rosea, D. coccinea) to Swiss botanist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle at University of Montpelier in France, Andre Thouin at the Jardin des Plantes in Paris and Scottish botanist William Aiton at Kew Gardens. That same year, John Fraser, English nurseryman and later botanical collector to the Czar of Russia, brought D. coccinea seeds from Paris to the Apothecaries Gardens in England, where they flowered in his greenhouse a year later, providing Botanical Magazine with an illustration.
In 1804, a new species, Dahlia sambucifolia, was successfully grown at Holland House, Kensington. Whilst in Madrid in 1804, Lady Holland was given either dahlia seeds or tubers by Cavanilles. She sent them back to England, to Lord Holland's librarian at Holland House, who successfully raised the plants and produced two double flowers a year later. The plants raised in 1804 did not survive; new stock was brought from France in 1815. In 1824, Lord Holland sent his wife a note containing the following verse:
The dahlia you brought to our isle
Your praises for ever shall speak;
Mid gardens as sweet as your smile,
And in colour as bright as your cheek.
In 1805, German naturalist Alexander von Humboldt sent more seeds from Mexico to Aiton in England, Thouin in Paris, and Christoph Friedrich Otto, director of the Berlin Botanical Garden. More significantly, he sent seeds to botanist Carl Ludwig Willdenow in Germany. Willdenow now reclassified the rapidly growing number of species, changing the genus from Dahlia to Georgina; after naturalist Johann Gottlieb Georgi. He combined the Cavanilles species D. pinnata and D. rosea under the name of Georgina variabilis; D. coccinea was still held to be a separate species, which he renamed Georgina coccinea.
Classification
Since 1789 when Cavanilles first flowered the dahlia in Europe, there has been an ongoing effort by many growers, botanists and taxonomists, to determine the development of the dahlia to modern times. At least 85 species have been reported: approximately 25 of these were first reported from the wild; the remainder appeared in gardens in Europe. They were considered hybrids, the results of crossing between previously reported species, or developed from the seeds sent by Humboldt from Mexico in 1805, or perhaps from some other undocumented seeds that had found their way to Europe. Several of these were soon discovered to be identical with earlier reported species, but the greatest number are new varieties. Morphological variation is highly pronounced in the dahlia. William John Cooper Lawrence, who hybridized hundreds of families of dahlias in the 1920s, stated: "I have not yet seen any two plants in the families I have raised which were not to be distinguished one from the other. Constant reclassification of the 85 reported species has resulted in a considerably smaller number of distinct species, as there is a great deal of disagreement today between systematists over classification.
In 1829, all species growing in Europe were reclassified under an all-encompassing name of D. variabilis, Desf., though this is not an accepted name. Through the interspecies cross of the Humboldt seeds and the Cavanilles species, 22 new species were reported by that year, all of which had been classified in different ways by several different taxonomists, creating considerable confusion as to which species was which. As of now Dahlias are classified into 15 different species by botanist Liberty Hyde Bailey.
In 1830 William Smith suggested that all dahlia species could be divided into two groups for color, red-tinged and purple-tinged. In investigating this idea Lawrence determined that with the exception of D. variabilis, all dahlia species may be assigned to one of two groups for flower-colour: Group I (ivory-magenta) or Group II (yellow-orange-scarlet).
Modern classification
The genus Dahlia is situated in the Asteroideae subfamily of the Asteraceae, in the Coreopsideae tribe. Within that tribe it is the second largest genus, after Coreopsis, and appears as a well defined clade within the Coreopsideae.
Subdivision
Infrageneric subdivision
See also: List of Dahlia species
Sherff (1955), in the first modern taxonomy described three sections for the 18 species he recognised, Pseudodendron, Epiphytum and Dahlia. By 1969 Sørensen recognised 29 species and four sections by splitting off Entemophyllon from section Dahlia. By contrast Giannasi (1975) using a phytochemical analysis based on flavonoids, reduced the genus to just two sections, Entemophyllon and Dahlia, the latter having three subsections, Pseudodendron, Dahlia, and Merckii. Sørensen then issued a further revision in 1980, incorporating subsection Merckii in his original section Dahlia. When he described two new species in the 1980s (Dahlia tubulata and D. congestifolia), he placed them within his existing sections. A further species, Dahlia sorensenii was added by Hansen and Hjerting in (1996). At the same time they demonstrated that Dahlia pinnata should more properly be designated D. x pinnata. D. x pinnata was shown to actually be a variant of D. sorensenii that had acquired hybrid qualities before it was introduced to Europe in the sixteenth century and formally named by Cavanilles. The original wild D. pinnata is presumed extinct. Further species continue to be described, Saar (2003) describing 35 species. However separation of the sections on morphological, cytologal and biocemical criteria has not been entirely satisfactory.
To date these sectional divisions have not been fully supported phylogenetically, which demonstrate only section Entemophyllon as a distinct sectional clade. The other major grouping is the core Dahlia clade (CDC), which includes most of the section Dahlia. The remainder of the species occupy what has been described as the variable root clade (VRC) which includes the small section Pseudodendron but also the monotypic section Epiphytum and a number of species from within section Dahlia. Outside of these three clades lie D. tubulata and D. merckii as a polytomy.
Horticulturally the sections retain some usage, section Pseudodendron being referred to as 'Tree Dahlias', Epiphytum as the 'Vine Dahlia'. The remaining two herbaceous sections being distinguished by their pinnules, opposing (Dahlia) or alternating (Entemophyllon).
Sections
Sections (including chromosome numbers), with geographical distribution;
Epiphytum Sherff (2n = 32)
10 m tall climber with aerial roots 5 cm thick and up to more than 20 m long; pinnules opposite
1 species, D. macdougallii Sherff
Mexico: Oaxaca
Entemophyllon P. D. Sorensen (2n = 34)
6 species
Mexico: Hidalgo, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, Querétaro, Durango, San Luis Potosí
Pseudodendron P. D. Sorensen (2n = 32)
3 species + D. excelsa of uncertain identity
Mexico: Chiapas, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacan, Oaxaca, and Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala & Colombia
Dahlia (2n = 32, 36 or 64)
24 species
Mexico: Distrito Federal, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Morelos, Nuevo León, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Oaxaca, Puebla, Chiapas, México, Huehuetenango, Chihuahua, Durango, Michoacan & Guatemala
Only Pseudodendron (D. imperialis) and Dahlia (D. australis, D. coccinea) occur outside Mexico.
Species
Main article: List of Dahlia species
There are currently 42 accepted species in the genus Dahlia but new species continue to be described.
Etymology
The naming of the plant itself has long been a subject of some confusion. Many sources state that the name "Dahlia" was bestowed by the pioneering Swedish botanist and taxonomist Carl Linnaeus to honor his late student, Anders Dahl, author of Observationes Botanicae. However, Linnaeus died in 1778, more than eleven years before the plant was introduced into Europe in 1789, so while it is generally agreed that the plant was named in 1791 in honor of Dahl, who had died two years before, Linnaeus could not have been the one who did so. It was probably Abbe Antonio Jose Cavanilles, Director of the Royal Gardens of Madrid, who should be credited with the attempt to scientifically define the genus, since he not only received the first specimens from Mexico in 1789, but named the first three species that flowered from the cuttings.
Regardless of who bestowed it, the name was not so easily established. In 1805, German botanist Carl Ludwig Willdenow, asserting that the genus Dahlia Thunb. (published a year after Cavanilles's genus and now considered a synonym of Trichocladus) was more widely accepted, changed the plants' genus from Dahlia to Georgina (after the German-born naturalist Johann Gottlieb Georgi, a professor at the Imperial Academy of Sciences of St. Petersburg, Russia). He also reclassified and renamed the first three species grown, and identified, by Cavanilles. It was not until 1810, in a published article, that he officially adopted the Cavanilles's original designation of Dahlia. However, the name Georgina still persisted in Germany for the next few decades. In Russian, it is still named Georgina (Russian: георгинa).
Distribution and habitat
Dahlia is found predominantly in Mexico, but some species are found ranging as far south as northern South America. D. australis occurs at least as far south as southwestern Guatemala, while D. coccinea and D. imperialis also occur in parts of Central America and northern South America. Dahlia is a genus of the uplands and mountains, being found at elevations between 1,500 and 3,700 m (4,900 and 12,100 ft), in what has been described as a "pine-oak woodland" vegetative zone. Most species have limited ranges scattered throughout many mountain ranges in Mexico
Ecology
The most common pollinators are bees and small beetles.
Pests and diseases
Main article: List of Dahlia diseases
Slugs and snails are serious pests in some parts of the world, particularly in spring when new growth is emerging through the soil. Earwigs can also disfigure the blooms and foliage. The other main pests likely to be encountered are aphids (usually on young stems and immature flower buds), red spider mite (causing foliage mottling and discolouration, worse in hot and dry conditions) and capsid bugs (resulting in contortion and holes at growing tips). Diseases affecting dahlias include powdery mildew, grey mould (Botrytis cinerea), verticillium wilt, dahlia smut (Entyloma calendulae f. dahliae), phytophthora and some plant viruses. Dahlias are a source of food for the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including angle shades, common swift, ghost moth and large yellow underwing.
Cultivation
Dahlias grow naturally in climates that do not experience frost (the tubers are hardy to USDA Zone 8), consequently they are not adapted to withstand sub-zero temperatures. However, their tuberous nature enables them to survive periods of dormancy, and this characteristic means that gardeners in temperate climates with frosts can grow dahlias successfully, provided the tubers are lifted from the ground and stored in cool yet frost-free conditions during the winter. Planting the tubers quite deep (10–15 cm or 4–6 in) also provides some protection. When in active growth, modern dahlia hybrids perform most successfully in well-watered yet free-draining soils, in situations receiving plenty of sunlight. Taller cultivars usually require some form of staking as they grow, and all garden dahlias need deadheading regularly, once flowering commences.
History
The inappropriate term D. variabilis is often used to describe the cultivars of Dahlia since the correct parentage remains obscure, but probably involves Dahlia coccinea. In 1846 the Caledonia Horticultural Society of Edinburgh offered a prize of 2,000 pounds to the first person succeeding in producing a blue dahlia. This has to date not been accomplished. While dahlias produce anthocyanin, an element necessary for the production of the blue, to achieve a true blue color in a plant, the anthocyanin delphinidin needs six hydroxyl groups. To date, dahlias have only developed five, so the closest that breeders have come to achieving a "blue" specimen are variations of mauve, purples and lilac hues.
By the beginning of the twentieth century, a number of different types were recognised. These terms were based on shape or colour, and the National Dahlia Society included cactus, pompon, single, show and fancy in its 1904 guide. Many national societies developed their own classification systems until 1962 when the International Horticultural Congress agreed to develop an internationally recognised system at its Brussels meeting that year, and subsequently in Maryland in 1966. This culminated in the 1969 publication of The International Register of Dahlia Names by the Royal Horticultural Society which became the central registering authority.
This system depended primarily on the visibility of the central disc, whether it was open-centred or whether only ray florets were apparent centrally (double bloom). The double-bloom cultivars were then subdivided according to the way in which they were folded along their longitudinal axis: flat, involute (curled inwards) or revolute (curling backwards). If the end of the ray floret was split, they were considered fimbriated. Based on these characteristics, nine groups were defined plus a tenth miscellaneous group for any cultivars not fitting the above characteristics. Fimbriated dahlias were added in 2004, and two further groups (Single and Double orchid) in 2007. The last group to be added, Peony, first appeared in 2012.
In many cases the bloom diameter was then used to further label certain groups from miniature to giant. This practice was abandoned in 2012.
Modern system (RHS)
There are now more than 57,000 registered cultivars, which are officially registered through the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS). The official register is The International Register of Dahlia Names 1969 (1995 reprint) which is updated by annual supplements. The original 1969 registry published about 14,000 cultivars adding a further 1700 by 1986 and in 2003 there were 18,000. Since then about a hundred new cultivars are added annually.[
Flower type
The official RHS classification lists fourteen groups, grouped by flower type, together with the abbreviations used by the RHS;
Group 1 – Single-flowered dahlias (Sin) – Flower has a central disc with a single outer ring of florets (which may overlap) encircling it, and which may be rounded or pointed.
(e.g. 'Twyning's After Eight')
Group 2 – Anemone-flowered dahlias (Anem) – The centre of the flower consists of dense elongated tubular florets, longer than the disc florets of Single dahlias, while the outer parts have one or more rings of flatter ray florets. Disc absent.
(e.g. 'Boogie Woogie')
'
Group 3 – Collerette dahlias (Col) – Large flat florets forming a single outer ring around a central disc and which may overlap a smaller circle of florets closer to the centre, which have the appearance of a collar.
(e.g. 'Starsister', 'Lilian Alice', 'Apple Blossom')
'
Group 4 – Waterlily dahlias (WL) – Double blooms, broad sparse curved, slightly curved or flat florets and very shallow in depth compared with other dahlias. Depth less than half the diameter of the bloom.
(e.g. 'Cameo')
Group 5 – Decorative dahlias (D) – Double blooms, ray florets broad, flat, involute no more than seventy five per cent of the longitudinal axis, slightly twisted and usually bluntly pointed. No visible central disc.
(e.g. 'Berliner Kleene')
Group 6 – Ball dahlias (Ba) – Double blooms that are ball shaped or slightly flattened. Ray florets blunt or rounded at the tips, margins arranged spirally, involute for at least seventy five percent of the length of the florets. Larger than Pompons.
(e.g. 'Barbarry Ball')
Group 7 – Pompon dahlias (Pom) – Double spherical miniature flowers made up entirely from florets that are curved inwards (involute) for their entire length (longitudinal axis), resembling a pompon.
(e.g. 'Small World')
Group 8 – Cactus dahlias (C) – Double blooms, ray florets pointed, with majority revolute (rolled) over more than fifty percent of their longitudinal axis, and straight or incurved. Narrower than Semi cactus.
(e.g. 'Nuit d'Eté')
Group 9 – Semi cactus dahlias (S–c) – Double blooms, very pointed ray florets, revolute for greater than twenty five percent and less than fifty percent of their longitudinal axis. Broad at the base and straight or incurved, almost spiky in appearance.
(e.g. 'Mick's Peppermint')
'Mick's Peppermint' (Semi Cactus)
'
Group 10 – Miscellaneous dahlias (Misc) – not described in any other group.
(e.g. 'Moonfire', 'Carolina Burgundy')
'
Hybrid
Group 11 – Fimbriated dahlias (Fim) – ray florets evenly split or notched into two or more divisions, uniformly throughout the bloom, creating a fimbriated (fringed) effect. The petals may be flat, involute, revolute, straight, incurving or twisted.
(e.g. 'Marlene Joy')
'Marlene Joy' (Fimbriated)
Group 12 – Single Orchid (Star) dahlias (SinO) – single outer ring of florets surround a central disc. The ray florets are either involute or revolute.
(e.g. 'Alloway Candy)
'Alloway Candy' (Single Orchid (Star))
Group 13 – Double Orchid dahlias (DblO) – Double blooms with triangular centres. The ray florets are narrowly lanceolate and are either involute or revolute. The central disc is absent.
(e.g. 'Pink Giraffe')
'Pink Giraffe' (Double Orchid)
Group 14 – Peony-flowered dahlias (P) – Large flowers with three or four rows of rays that are flattened and expanded and arranged irregularly. The rays surround a golden disc similar to that of Single dahlias.
(e.g. 'Bishop of Llandaff')
Flower size
Earlier versions of the registry subdivided some groups by flower size. Groups 4, 5, 8 and 9 were divided into five subgroups (A to E) from Giant to Miniature, and Group 6 into two subgroups, Small and Miniature. Dahlias were then described by Group and Subgroup, e.g. 5 ‘Ace Summer Sunset’. Some Dahlia Societies have continued this practice, but this is neither official nor standardised. As of 2013 The RHS uses two size descriptors
Dwarf Bedder (Dw.B.) – not usually exceeding 600 mm (24 in) in height, e.g. 'Preston Park' (Sin/DwB)
Lilliput dahlias (Lil) – not usually exceeding 300 mm (12 in) in height, with single, semi-double or double florets up to 26 mm (1.0 in) in diameter. ("baby" or "top-mix" dahlias), e.g. 'Harvest Tiny Tot' (Misc/Lil)
Sizes can range from tiny micro dahlias with flowers less than 50mm to giants that are over 250mm in diameter. The groupings listed here are from the New Zealand Society:
Giant-flowered cultivars have blooms with a diameter over 250 mm.
Large-flowered cultivars have blooms with a diameter of 200–250 mm.
Medium-flowered cultivars have blooms with a diameter of 155–350 mm.
Small-flowered cultivars have blooms with a diameter of 115–155 mm.
Miniature-flowered cultivars have blooms with a diameter of 50–115 mm.
Pompom-flowered cultivars have blooms with a diameter less than 50 mm.
In addition to the official classification and the terminology used by various dahlia societies, individual horticulturalists use a wide range of other descriptions, such as 'Incurved' and abbreviations in their catalogues, such as CO for Collarette.
Branding
Some plant growers include their brand name in the cultivar name. Thus Fides (part of the Dümmen Orange Group) in the Netherlands developed a series of cultivars which they named the Dahlinova series, for example Dahlinova 'Carolina Burgundy'. These are Group 10 Miscellaneous in the RHS classification scheme.
Double dahlias
In 1805, several new species were reported with red, purple, lilac, and pale yellow coloring, and the first true double flower was produced in Belgium. One of the more popular concepts of dahlia history, and the basis for many different interpretations and confusion, is that all the original discoveries were single-flowered types, which, through hybridization and selective breeding, produced double forms Many of the species of dahlias then, and now, have single-flowered blooms. D. coccinea, the third dahlia to bloom in Europe, was a single. But two of the three drawings of dahlias by Dominguez, made in Mexico between 1570 and 1577, showed definite characteristics of doubling. In the early days of the dahlia in Europe, the word "double" simply designated flowers with more than one row of petals. The greatest effort was now directed to developing improved types of double dahlias.
During the years 1805 to 1810 several people claimed to have produced a double dahlia. In 1805 Henry C. Andrews made a drawing of such a plant in the collection of Lady Holland, grown from seedlings sent that year from Madrid. Like other doubles of the time it did not resemble the doubles of today. The first modern double, or full double, appeared in Belgium; M. Donckelaar, Director of the Botanic Garden at Louvain, selected plants for that characteristic, and within a few years secured three fully double forms. By 1826 double varieties were being grown almost exclusively, and there was very little interest in the single forms. Up to this time all the so-called double dahlias had been purple, or tinged with purple, and it was doubted if a variety untinged with that color was obtainable.
In 1843, scented single forms of dahlias were first reported in Neu Verbass, Austria. D. crocea, a fragrant variety grown from one of the Humboldt seeds, was probably interbred with the single D. coccinea. A new scented species would not be introduced until the next century when the D. coronata was brought from Mexico to Germany in 1907.
The exact date the dahlia was introduced in the United States is uncertain. One of the first dahlias in the USA may have been the D. coccinea speciosissima grown by William Leathe, of Cambridgeport, near Boston, around 1929. According to Edward Sayers, "it attracted much admiration, and at that time was considered a very elegant flower, it was however soon eclipsed by that splendid scarlet, the Countess of Liverpool". However, 9 cultivars were already listed in the catalog from Thornburn, 1825. And even earlier reference can be found in a catalogue from the Linnaean Botanical Garden, New York, 1820, that includes one scarlet, one purple, and two double orange Dahlias for sale.
Sayers stated that "No person has done more for the introduction and advancement of the culture of the Dahlia than George C. Thorburn, of New York, who yearly flowers many thousand plants at his place at Hallet's Cove, near Harlaem. The show there in the flowering season is a rich treat for the lovers of floriculture : for almost every variety can be seen growing in two large blocks or masses which lead from the road to the dwelling-house, and form a complete field of the Dahlia as a foreground to the house. Mr. T. Hogg, William Read, and many other well-known florists have also contributed much in the vicinity of New York, to the introduction of the Dahlia. Indeed so general has become the taste that almost every garden has its show of the Dahlia in the season." In Boston too there were many collections, a collection from the Messrs Hovey of Cambridgeport was also mentioned.
In 1835 Thomas Bridgeman, published a list of 160 double dahlias in his "Florist's Guide". 60 of the choicest were supplied by Mr. G. C. Thornburn of Astoria, New York, who got most of them from contacts in the UK. Not a few of them had taken prizes "at the English and American exhibitions".
"Stars of the Devil"
In 1872 J. T. van der Berg of Utrecht in the Netherlands received a shipment of seeds and plants from a friend in Mexico. The entire shipment was badly rotted and appeared to be ruined, but van der Berg examined it carefully and found a small piece of root that seemed alive. He planted and carefully tended it; it grew into a plant that he identified as a dahlia. He made cuttings from the plant during the winter of 1872–1873. This was an entirely different type of flower, with rich, red color and a high degree of doubling. In 1874 van der Berg catalogued it for sale, calling it Dahlia juarezii to honor Mexican President Benito Pablo Juarez, who had died the year before, and described it as "...equal to the beautiful color of the red poppy. Its form is very outstanding and different in every respect of all known dahlia flowers."
This plant has perhaps had a greater influence on the popularity of the modern dahlia than any other. Called "Les Etoiles du Diable" (Stars of the Devil) in France and "Cactus dahlia" elsewhere, the edges of its petals rolled backwards, rather than forward, and this new form revolutionized the dahlia world. It was thought to be a distinct mutation since no other plant that resembled it could be found in the wild. Today it is assumed that D. juarezii had, at one time, existed in Mexico and subsequently disappeared. Nurserymen in Europe crossbred this plant with dahlias discovered earlier; the results became the progenitors of all modern dahlia hybrids today.
Award of Garden Merit (RHS)
Main article: List of Award of Garden Merit dahlias
As of 2015, 124 dahlia cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit, including:-
"Bednall beauty"
"Bishop of Llandaff"
"Clair de lune"
"David Howard"
"Ellen Huston"
"Fascination"
"Gallery Art Deco"
"Gallery Art Nouveau"
"Glorie van Heemstede"
"Honka"
"Moonfire"
"Twyning's After Eight"
Uses
The Aztecs used dahlias to treat epilepsy, and employed the long hollow stem of the D. imperialis for water pipes. Europeans attempted to introduce the tubers as a food crop, but this was unpopular.
The dahlia is considered one of the native ingredients in Oaxacan cuisine; several cultivars are still grown especially for their large, sweet potato-like tubers. Dacopa, an intense mocha-tasting extract from the roasted tubers, is used to flavor beverages throughout Central America.
Medicine
In Europe and America, prior to the discovery of insulin in 1923, diabetics—as well as consumptives—were often given a substance called Atlantic starch or diabetic sugar, derived from inulin, a naturally occurring form of fruit sugar, extracted from dahlia tubers. Inulin is still used in clinical tests for kidney functionality.
In culture
Founded in 1936, the Bloemencorso Zundert is the largest flower parade in the world entirely made by volunteers using the dahlia. The parade takes place on the first Sunday of September in Zundert, Netherlands. The floats are large artworks made of steel wire, cardboard, papier-mâché and flowers. In the Bloemencorso Zundert, mostly dahlias are used to decorate the objects and it takes thousands of them just to cover one float. Around 8 million dahlias are needed for the entire corso. Of these, around 6 million are cultivated in Zundert.
The dahlia was declared the national flower of Mexico in 1963.
Topinambur, il fiore dell'autunno è giallo e sa di carciofo Giallo a ricordare il sole dell'estate che ci ha salutato da poco: è questo il colore dei capolini del Topinambur Il Topinambur però ha un plus in più: è un'erbacea perenne, vive dunque per molti anni.”
Le virtù del topinambour sono molteplici: questo tubero ha un eccezionale contenuto di inulina, una fibra alimentare che, a differenza dell’amido contenuto nelle patate, è particolarmente consigliato nei trattamenti per la perdita di peso o anti-obesità.
Dahlia pinnata is a species in the genus Dahlia, family Asteraceae, with the common name garden dahlia. It is the type species of the genus and is widely cultivated.
Description
Dahlia pinnata is a perennial herbaceous plant with a rhizome and tuberous roots, reaching a height of 70 to 120 centimetres (28 to 47 inches), rarely 160 cm. The stem is erect, and branched only in the inflorescence. The leaves are usually simple, with leaflets that are ovate and 5–10 centimetres (2–4 in) long. The plant is slightly shaggy.
Between July and October, atop stems 5 to 15 cm in length are two to eight flower heads, 6 to 10 cm in diameter. The eight florets have a length of 3 to 5 cm, are ovate and coloured pink to deep purple.
Taxonomy
Hansen and Hjerting in (1996) demonstrated that Dahlia pinnata should more properly be designated D. x pinnata. D. x pinnata was shown to actually be a variant of D. sorensenii that had acquired hybrid qualities before it was introduced to Europe in the sixteenth century and formally named by Cavanilles. The original wild D. pinnata is presumed extinct.
Distribution and habitat
It is geographically located in Central America, tending to grow at borders. The plant occurs in Mexico in the mountains around Mexico City.
Ecology
Dahlias tend to attract quite a bit of insects, some which are dangerous and harmful to their survival. Insects like slugs, earwigs, the red spider, snails, caterpillars, aphids, and thrips threaten dahlias because they can eat the petals, leave slime trials, leave tattered petals, etc. Dahlias can also become infected with the following diseases: Sclerotinia disease, fungal diseases, mildew, Botrytis, Crown Gall, etc. If dahlias do become infected with these they can wilt, have spots on the leaves, the leaves can get irregular coloring/ patterning, etc.
A study on Dahlia pinnata showed that this D. pinnata was able to accumulate high levels of arsenic from the soil through its roots.
Cultivation
Used as an ornamental plant, and was cultivated by the Aztecs before the discovery of America, and was introduced to Spain in 1798. Modern dahlias are often the product of hybridisation between D. pinnata and D. coccinea. As cutflowers, dahlias have a long lifespan.
Besides being used for their outside appearance, dahlias tend to be used for their medicinal properties as well. According to Glenn Ross Whitley, this plant's roots contain some inulin and the tubers have "antibiotic compounds concentrated in [their] skin". This apparently contributed to the status of the plant as an "important root crop and medicinal plant among the pre-Columbian Indians of central Mexico, Yucatan and Guatemala".
Dahlias prefer rich soil (pH level estimated at around 6.5–7.5) with enough organic matter. The roots must be kept moist since they are very shallow rooted which means they usually become dry fairly frequently and quickly. They bloom around mid-summer through the beginning of winter, they are able to survive a light frost, but anything colder/harsher than that, they will not be able to keep thriving. When the harsh weather of winter is approaching, the dahlias should be dug up and stored in a safer place for them.
Many dahlia pinnata types can grow from seeds but more often they are cultivated by division of the tuberous roots or by stem cuttings. Providing the flower with some kind of plant food (mulch, growing media, nutrient food, etc.) can really make the dahlia healthier and more likely to survive.
Uses
The plant's phytostabilization properties regarding arsenic could lower the risk of the harmful carcinogen to humans.
HARDNESS AND SOFTNESS - Tragopogon Porrifolius (L.) is a herbaceous plant of the Asteraceae family, of the genus Tragopogon. it is a species with Euro-Mediterranean distribution. The nominal subspecies is the one with the greatest diffusion in Italy. It grows in arid, uncultivated meadows, along the roads and at the edges of the fields, below the mountain belt.
It is a biennial plant, reaching heights of one meter, with very elongated narrow leaves of green-gray color. The flowers are single flower heads with violet flowers. The envelope, which bears 5 to 12 bracts joined at the base, is conspicuously protruding from the flowers. It blooms between May and June.
The generic name derives from the Greek 'trágos' (billy goat) and 'pogón' (beard), alluding to the fruits with a long beak surmounted by a pappus of hair. The specific name "Porrifolius" refers to the leaves similar to those of the leek (Allium ampeloprasum, IT "porro").
Once, the plant was grown for food. It deserves to be rediscovered because it is very easy to grow, and above all because its roots are very tender and tasty, rich in minerals and vitamins. Their sweet taste is due to inulin (also present in Jerusalem artichoke - Helianthus tuberosus [IT Topinambur] and chicory - Cichorium intybus [IT Cicoria Comune]), a natural prebiotic that cannot be digested by man, but which, by the action of the enzyme inulase, produces fructose.
Even the leaves are edible and they can be eaten in salads. They have a flavor reminiscent of oysters, so much so that, in England, a common name for the plant is "Oyster plant".
A latex derived from the root can be used as a chewing gum. The flowering shoots can be used like asparagus, either raw or cooked, and the flowers can be added to salad, while the sprouted seeds can be used in salads or sandwiches.
IT: Barba di becco violetta, Salsefica, Raperonzolo selvatico;
De: Haferwurzel, Purpur-Bocksbart;
En: Common salsify, goatsbeard, Jerusalem star, oyster plant;
Es: Salsifí, barba cabruna;
Fr: Salsifis de Provence;
SOURCES:
- "Tragopogon porrifolius" on "floraitaliae.actaplantarum.org";
- "Tragopogon porrifolius L." on "dryades.units.it";
- "Scorzobianca" on "cercatoridisemi.com";
- "Inulina" and "Tragopogon porrifolius" on "wikipedia.org";
- Drawing table by Johann Georg and Jacob Sturm, "Weisswurzel, Tragopogon porrifolius, 1796", in "Deutschlands Flora in Abbildungen";
Sony a6000 with Tokina 80-400 and CPL filter. Minimum edit in Adobe Lightroom and Photoshop.
Simone Pelatti 2020
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#fiore; #soffione; #pianta; #erba; #spontanea; #antico; #dimenticato; #vento; #soffio; #desiderio; #silhouette; #scuro;
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ART meets Photography
Manchmal muss nur die Stimmung stimmen!
dandelion - Dent-de-lion - Löwen-zahn - dientes de león - Dente-de-leão
„Verwandlung“ - Metamorphosis
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Celly
Exif data
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Settings: 1/33 ƒ/2.8 ISO 100
GPS Altitude 364 m
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Der Löwenzahn möcht sich heute Nacht gerne verändern, und er kann !
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Hauptwirkstoffe sind Sesquiterpenlactone
(Tetrahydroridentin B, Taraxacolid-b-D-glucosid und andere), ein Phenolcarbonsäurederivat (Taraxacosid) und
Triterpene (Taraxasterol und Derivate);
ferner hohe Kaliumkonzentrationen (bis zu 4,5%) und Inulin (bis zu 40% im Herbst).
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Die harntreibende Wirkung (im französischen „Pissenlit” und im luxemburgischen „Bettseechers” angedeutet) ist allgemein bekannt.
Für die diuretische Wirkung ist fast ausschliesslich der ungewöhnlich hohe Kaliumgehalt verantwortlich zu machen.
Die gallenflussfördernde Eigenschaft geht vermutlich auf die bitteren Sesqui- und Triterpene zurück.
source: