April 26, 2008, Navy Lt. Rachel M. Anderson, a dentist attached to 3rd Medical Battalion, 3rd Marine Logistics Group, injects anesthesia into a patient at the field dental clinic in Tmar Pok, Banteay Meanchey, Kingdom of Cambodia. The patient is being numbed in preparation of a tooth extraction. Marines and sailors of 3rd Medical Battalion are deployed in support of Cambodia Interoperability Program '08, a bilateral Medical and Dental Civil Action Program which is intended to build on the relationship between the U.S. and Cambodian governments and develop interoperability between U.S. forces and the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces. (Official USMC photograph by Cpl. Thomas Lew)

This is what CAmbodia

This is what Cambodia is like, kind of.

During the week of June 19-23, members of the Tennessee Army and Air National Guard, along with their Bulgarian counterparts, participate in a series of readiness exercises in Thracian Sentry 2023 in Sofia, Bulgaria. Thracian Sentry 2023 highlights the 30-year-long partnership between the Bulgarian Ministry of Defense and the Tennessee National Guard and commemorates many years of military cooperation. During the exercise, the two teams exchanged knowledge and best practices to help develop interoperability and improve readiness for full-spectrum operations in complex combat medical care environments. (U.S. Air National Guard photo by Senior Airman Yonette Martin)

Workshop on Voice and Video Services Interoperability Over Fixed-Mobile Hybrid Environments, Including IMT-Advanced (LTE)

Multinational soldiers from KFOR Regional Command - East secured a helicopter landing zone and conducted slingload operations in the vicinity of Kleçke, Kosovo demonstrating interoperability of forces in the KFOR area of operations. Operation Amber Castle is being conducted to showcase the joint capability and multinational interoperability of KFOR RC-East's commitment to providing a safe and secure environment and freedom of movement for the people and institutions of Kosovo. (U.S. Army photos by Staff Sgt. Nicholas Young, RC-East Public Affairs)

Multinational soldiers from KFOR Regional Command - East secured a helicopter landing zone and conducted slingload operations in the vicinity of Kleçke, Kosovo demonstrating interoperability of forces in the KFOR area of operations. Operation Amber Castle is being conducted to showcase the joint capability and multinational interoperability of KFOR RC-East's commitment to providing a safe and secure environment and freedom of movement for the people and institutions of Kosovo. (U.S. Army photos by Staff Sgt. Nicholas Young, RC-East Public Affairs)

Marines and Sailors with Black Sea Rotational Force 13 hold an opening ceremony for the start of exercise Summer Shield 10 aboard Camp Adazi, April 15, 2013. Exercise Summer Shield 10 focuses on integration of fires and maneuver in a joint environment to build partner nation capacity while enhancing our interoperability between the United States and Latvia.(U.S. Marine Corps photo by Lance Cpl. Michael Dye/released)

Soldiers from the U.S, Serbia, Romania and Montenegro observe proper body search techniques during the cordon and search portion of Exercise Platinum Wolf 2018, June 13, 2018. The Serbian Armed Forces-led two-week, multinational peacekeeping exercise brings more than 500 soldiers from 10 nations together to enhance military cooperation and interoperability at Serbia’s South Base and Borovac Training Area, June 11-22. (Ohio National Guard photo by Senior Master Sgt. Beth Holliker)

ZOUTKAMP, NETHERLANDS-- Col. Jeroen Cox of the Dutch Army briefs volunteers from twenty different countries who gather to fill sandbags in preparation of a severe wind storm at Camp Willem Lodewijk Van Nassaukazerne, the Netherlands, Sept. 3, 2009 during Combined Endeavor 2009. Combined Endeavor 2009 is a Headquarters U.S. European Command Sponsored communications and information systems interoperability test between and among Partnership for Peace, NATO, and other nations focusing on the deliberate planning process, communications information systems and human interoperability and development of a road map for future improvement among participants. (U.S. Air Force photo by Staff Sgt. Joshua L. DeMotts)

Polish tanks, British Jackals, and U.S. Strykers are staged in line during interoperability training April 18. This training is aimed at solidifying war fighting practices and ensuring joint knowledge across the multinational battle group. The unique formation, comprised of U.S., U.K., Romanian and Polish soldiers, will serve as a deterrence force in northeast Poland in support of NATO's Enhanced Forward Presence. (U.S. Army Photo by Staff Sgt. Zackary Cowher/Released)

Soldiers assigned to Alpha Company, 1st Battalion, 111th Aviation Regiment, 77th Combat Aviation Brigade, conducted deck landings in the Arabian Gulf, Oct. 11-12. The UH-60 Blackhawk and AH-64 Apache crews took turns landing their aircraft aboard the USNS Alan Shepard to qualify their crews in this type of maneuver. Upon completion of the qualification each set of aircraft was refueled by the vessel and flown back to Camp Buehring, Kuwait. Training exercises like these play an important role in mission readiness and total force capability by increasing interoperability between branches, which is vital for joint collaboration missions.(U.S. Army photos by Sgt. Aaron Ellerman)

Multinational soldiers from KFOR Regional Command - East secured a helicopter landing zone and conducted slingload operations in the vicinity of Kleçke, Kosovo demonstrating interoperability of forces in the KFOR area of operations. Operation Amber Castle is being conducted to showcase the joint capability and multinational interoperability of KFOR RC-East's commitment to providing a safe and secure environment and freedom of movement for the people and institutions of Kosovo. (U.S. Army photos by Staff Sgt. Nicholas Young, RC-East Public Affairs)

1st Lt. James Rozak briefs defensive operations to Battle Group Poland soldiers during interoperability training April 18. This training is aimed at solidifying war fighting practices and ensuring joint knowledge across the multinational battle group. The unique formation, comprised of U.S., U.K., Romanian and Polish soldiers, will serve as a deterrence force in northeast Poland in support of NATO's Enhanced Forward Presence. (U.S. Army Photo by Staff Sgt. Zackary Cowher/Released)

Navy Capt. Eric Johnson passed command of the Joint Interoperability Test Command to Navy Capt. Shawn Roberts in a ceremony with Navy bells and whistles and a little bit of Army flair at the Joint Interoperability Test Command headquarters on Fort Huachuca, July 19, 2018. Vice Admiral Nancy Norton, Director of the Defense Information Systems Agency and Commander of the Joint Force Headquarters-Department of Defense Information Network, was the presiding officer. (U.S. Army photo by Tanja Linton)

Navy Capt. Eric Johnson passed command of the Joint Interoperability Test Command to Navy Capt. Shawn Roberts in a ceremony with Navy bells and whistles and a little bit of Army flair at the Joint Interoperability Test Command headquarters on Fort Huachuca, July 19, 2018. Vice Admiral Nancy Norton, Director of the Defense Information Systems Agency and Commander of the Joint Force Headquarters-Department of Defense Information Network, was the presiding officer. (U.S. Army photo by Tanja Linton)

Joint Interoperability Testing Command ushers in new command and senior enlisted leadership with a ceremony July 26 at the JITC Compound, Fort Huachuca, Arizona. (U.S. Army Photo by Karen Sampson)

U.S. Army Sgt. Edmound Petties from Battle Group Poland conducts 60mm mortar training near the Bemowo Piskie Training Area during Saber Strike 17 June 9, 2017. Saber Strike 17 is a U.S. Army Europe-led multinational combined forces exercise conducted annually to enhance the NATO alliance throughout the Baltic region and Poland. This year’s exercise includes integrated and synchronized deterrence-oriented training designed to improve interoperability and readiness of the 20 participating nations’ militaries. (U.S. Army photo by Charles Rosemond, Training Support Team Orzysz)

April 27, 2008, Navy Lt. Rachel M. Anderson, a dentist attached to 3rd Medical Battalion, 3rd Marine Logistics Group, extracts a tooth from a patient at the field dental clinic in Tmar Pok, Banteay Meanchey, Kingdom of Cambodia. Marines and sailors of 3rd Medical Battalion are deployed in support of Cambodia Interoperability Program '08, a bilateral Medical and Dental Civil Action Program which is intended to build on the relationship between the U.S. and Cambodian governments and develop interoperability between U.S. forces and the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces. (Official USMC photograph by Cpl. Thomas Lew)

This is what CAmbodia

This is what Cambodia is like, kind of.

Joint Interoperability Testing Command ushers in new command and senior enlisted leadership with a ceremony July 26 at the JITC Compound, Fort Huachuca, Arizona. (U.S. Army Photo by Karen Sampson)

U.S. Air Force F-16C Block 52 Fighting Falcons assigned to the Air National Guard’s 169th Fighter Wing from McEntire Joint National Guard Base, S.C., are lined up and ready for flying operations in support of Arctic Challenge Exercise 2019 at Kallax Air Base, Luleå, Sweden, June 3, 2019. ACE 19 is a Nordic aviation exercise that provides realistic, scenario-based training to prepare forces for enemy defensive systems. U.S. forces are engaged, postured and ready to deter and defend in an increasingly complex security environment. (U.S. Air National Guard photo by Capt. Rebecca Roodhouse)

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SHOALWATER BAY TRAINING AREA, Queensland, Australia (Jul 16, 2011) Australian Soldiers prepare lunch for Soldiers based at Camp Sam Hill on Shoalwater Bay Training Area during Talisman Sabre 2011. TS11 is a biennial combined training activity, designed to train Australian and U.S. forces in planning and conducting Combined Task Force operations to improve Australian Defense Force/U.S. combat readiness and interoperability. The exercise reflects the closeness of the alliance and the strength and flexibility of the ongoing military-military relationship. (Photo/ U.S. Army Specialist Mitchell Ternay, 4th Stryker Brigade 2nd Infantry Division Public Affairs)

Joint Interoperability Testing Command ushers in new command and senior enlisted leadership with a ceremony July 26 at the JITC Compound, Fort Huachuca, Arizona. (U.S. Army Photo by Karen Sampson)

Joint Interoperability Testing Command ushers in new command and senior enlisted leadership with a ceremony July 26 at the JITC Compound, Fort Huachuca, Arizona. (U.S. Army Photo by Karen Sampson)

Gen. Vincent K. Brooks, United Nations Commander, Combined Forces Commander, and United States Forces Korea commander; Gen. Leem Ho Young, Combined Forces Command deputy commander; and Gen. Lee Sun-jin, Gen. Lee, Sun-Jin, Chairman of the Republic of Korea Joint Chiefs of Staff, attended the Pacific Amphibious Leaders Symposium (PALS) welcome dinner in Seongnam, South Korea, Apr. 1, 2017. PALS brings together senior leaders of allied and partner nations throughout the Indo-Asia-Pacific region to focus on maritime/amphibious operations interoperability. PALS 2017 is being hosted by the ROK Marine Corps, and is the first iteration to be hosted outside of the United States. U.S. Army photo by SFC Sean K. Harp

Navy Capt. Eric Johnson passed command of the Joint Interoperability Test Command to Navy Capt. Shawn Roberts in a ceremony with Navy bells and whistles and a little bit of Army flair at the Joint Interoperability Test Command headquarters on Fort Huachuca, July 19, 2018. Vice Admiral Nancy Norton, Director of the Defense Information Systems Agency and Commander of the Joint Force Headquarters-Department of Defense Information Network, was the presiding officer. (U.S. Army photo by Tanja Linton)

Multinational soldiers from KFOR Regional Command - East secured a helicopter landing zone and conducted slingload operations in the vicinity of Kleçke, Kosovo demonstrating interoperability of forces in the KFOR area of operations. Operation Amber Castle is being conducted to showcase the joint capability and multinational interoperability of KFOR RC-East's commitment to providing a safe and secure environment and freedom of movement for the people and institutions of Kosovo. (U.S. Army photos by Staff Sgt. Nicholas Young, RC-East Public Affairs)

A British army soldier prepares for a rapid air assault exit from a Serbian Mi-8 helicopter, June 20, 2018, during Exercise Platinum Wolf. Nearly 30 soldiers from the United Kingdom participated in the Serbian-led, two-week multinational peacekeeping exercise that brought 10 nations together to enhance military cooperation and interoperability at Serbia’s South Base and Borovac Training Area, June 11-22. (Ohio National Guard photo by Senior Master Sgt. Beth Holliker)

Navy Capt. Eric Johnson passed command of the Joint Interoperability Test Command to Navy Capt. Shawn Roberts in a ceremony with Navy bells and whistles and a little bit of Army flair at the Joint Interoperability Test Command headquarters on Fort Huachuca, July 19, 2018. Vice Admiral Nancy Norton, Director of the Defense Information Systems Agency and Commander of the Joint Force Headquarters-Department of Defense Information Network, was the presiding officer. (U.S. Army photo by Tanja Linton)

Multinational soldiers from KFOR Regional Command - East secured a helicopter landing zone and conducted slingload operations in the vicinity of Kleçke, Kosovo demonstrating interoperability of forces in the KFOR area of operations. Operation Amber Castle is being conducted to showcase the joint capability and multinational interoperability of KFOR RC-East's commitment to providing a safe and secure environment and freedom of movement for the people and institutions of Kosovo. (U.S. Army photos by Staff Sgt. Nicholas Young, RC-East Public Affairs)

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PACIFIC OCEAN (July 24, 2010) The Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS Ronald Reagan (CVN 76) leads a formation of ships from Korea, Taiwan, Japan, Singapore, France, Canada, Australia and the U.S. during Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) 2010. RIMPAC is a biennial, multinational exercise designed to strengthen regional partnerships and improve interoperability. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class Scott Taylor/Released)

Soldiers assigned to the Bulgarian Armed Forces, Armed Forces of Montenegro, Serbian Armed Forces and the U.S. Army National Guard discuss an offensive operations plan prior to a field training exercise, June 18, 2018, during Exercise Platinum Wolf. About 90 Soldiers from both the 269th Military Police Company, Tennessee National Guard, and the 838th Military Police Company, Ohio National Guard, participated in the the two-week, multinational peacekeeping exercise, which brought 10 nations together to enhance military cooperation and interoperability at Serbia’s South Base and Borovac Training Area, June 11-22. (Ohio National Guard photo by Senior Master Sgt. Beth Holliker)

190807-N-BM428-0025 MEDITERRANEAN SEA (Aug. 7, 2019) Gunner’s Mate 2nd Class Edward Guity fires a .50 caliber machine gun at a “killer tomato” while aboard the Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer USS Donald Cook (DDG 75) during exercise Mighty Waves 2019, Aug. 7, 2019. Mighty Waves is an annual disaster response exercise lead by Israel designed to enhance interoperability and promote cooperation among regional Eastern Mediterranean naval forces. Donald Cook, forward deployed to Rota, Spain, is on its ninth patrol in the U.S. 6th fleet area of operations in support of U.S. national security interests in Europe and Africa. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Damon Grosvenor/Released)

Joint Interoperability Testing Command ushers in new command and senior enlisted leadership with a ceremony July 26 at the JITC Compound, Fort Huachuca, Arizona. (U.S. Army Photo by Karen Sampson)

Inter-American Defense College Leadership welcomed United States Coast Guard Vice Admiral Steven D. Poulin, Atlantic Area Commander, Coast Guard Defense Force East Commander and Director of DHS Joint Task Force-East, to the IADC on Fort Lesley J. McNair, Washington, D.C., Feb. 12, 2021. During his visit, the Vice Admiral spoke to the students of Class 60. His briefing on the wide-reaching effects of Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated fishing, the presentation provided insightful and relevant information to the student body. (U.S. Air Force photo by Staff Sgt. Mozer O. Da Cunha)

A Philippine Army Tech. Sgt. sights in an M101A1 105mm howitzer artillery piece while rehearsing for a combined arms live-fire exercise (CALFEX) at Colonel Ernesto Ravina Air Base, Tarlac, Philippines, May 10, 2018, during Exercise Balikatan. The CALFEX is designed to demonstrate cooperation and interoperability between Philippine and U.S. forces as the two militaries continue their commitment to train and share information to improve their ability to coordinate a multilateral response to crisis. Exercise Balikatan, in its 34th iteration, is an annual U.S.-Philippine military training exercise focused on a variety of missions, including humanitarian assistance and disaster relief, counterterrorism, and other combined military operations held from May 7 to May 18. (U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. David Beckstrom)

An Egyptian M1A1 Abrams Main Battle tank crew manuevers to a battle position at the culminating joint combined arms live-fire exercise of Exercise Bright Star 2017 at Mohamed Naguib Military Base, Egypt, Sept. 16. The exercise allows the U.S. military the chance to sustain readiness while strengthening partnership and promoting interoperability. (U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Leah R. Kilpatrick)

U.S. Air Force Airmen assigned to the Air National Guard’s 169th Fighter Wing from McEntire Joint National Guard Base, S.C., prepare for the morning go before launch in support of flying operations for the Arctic Challenge Exercise 2019 at Kallax Air Base, Luleå, Sweden, June 3, 2019. ACE 19 is a Nordic aviation exercise that provides realistic, scenario-based training to prepare forces for enemy defensive systems. U.S. forces are engaged, postured and ready to deter and defend in an increasingly complex security environment. (U.S. Air National Guard photo by Capt. Rebecca Roodhouse)

During the week of June 19-23, members of the Tennessee Army and Air National Guard, along with their Bulgarian counterparts, participate in a series of readiness exercises in Thracian Sentry 2023 in Sofia, Bulgaria. Thracian Sentry 2023 highlights the 30-year-long partnership between the Bulgarian Ministry of Defense and the Tennessee National Guard and commemorates many years of military cooperation. During the exercise, the two teams exchanged knowledge and best practices to help develop interoperability and improve readiness for full-spectrum operations in complex combat medical care environments. (U.S. Air National Guard photo by Senior Airman Yonette Martin)

Multinational soldiers from KFOR Regional Command - East secured a helicopter landing zone and conducted slingload operations in the vicinity of Kleçke, Kosovo demonstrating interoperability of forces in the KFOR area of operations. Operation Amber Castle is being conducted to showcase the joint capability and multinational interoperability of KFOR RC-East's commitment to providing a safe and secure environment and freedom of movement for the people and institutions of Kosovo. (U.S. Army photos by Staff Sgt. Nicholas Young, RC-East Public Affairs)

190807-N-BM428-0272 MEDITERRANEAN SEA (Aug. 7, 2019) Chief Gunner’s Mate Chad Dorsey demonstrates how to use a .50 caliber machine gun to Sailors on the missile deck of the Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer USS Donald Cook (DDG 75), Aug. 7, 2019. Donald Cook, forward deployed to Rota, Spain, is on its ninth patrol in the U.S. 6th fleet area of operations in support of U.S. national security interests in Europe and Africa. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Damon Grosvenor/Released)

Ohio National Guard Soldiers Lt. Col. James Sizemore (from left), Sgt. 1st Class Jason Molodec, 2Lt. Timothy Kurfiss and Col. Andrew Aquino (right) stop for a photo with Col. Saša Milutinović (second from right), head of religious services for the Serbian Armed Forces chaplaincy program, June 16, 2018, during Exercise Platinum Wolf. The Serbian-led two-week multinational peacekeeping exercise brought 10 nations together to enhance military cooperation and interoperability at Serbia’s South Base and Borovac Training Area, June 11-22. (Ohio National Guard photo by Senior Master Sgt. Beth Holliker)

A Romanian Naval Special Operations Force member holds a hooked ladder before vessel boarding, search and seizure training with U.S. Naval Special Warfare (SEALS) in Constanta, Romania, May 7, 2022. The training in port allowed both teams to plan, execute and discuss techniques. Exercise Trojan Footprint is the premier special operations forces exercise in Europe that focuses on improving the ability of SOF to counter myriad threats, increases integration with conventional forces and enhances interoperability with our NATO allies and European partners. (U.S. Army video by Spc. Michael Germundson)

Results of a group exercise from my WikiWednesday talk last Wednesday at CitizenSpace in San Francisco.

COLONEL ERNESTO RAVINA AIR BASE, Philippines (May 15, 2018) - Philippine Army M113 Armored Personnel Carriers participate in a combined arms live-fire exercise (CALFEX) at Colonel Ernesto Ravina Air Base, Tarlac as part of Exercise Balikatan. The CALFEX is designed to demonstrate cooperation and interoperability between Philippine and U.S. forces as the two militaries continue their commitment to train and share information to improve their ability to coordinate a multilateral response to crisis. Exercise Balikatan, in its 34th iteration, is an annual U.S.-Philippine military training exercise focused on a variety of missions, including humanitarian assistance and disaster relief, counterterrorism, and other combined military operations held from May 7 to May 18. (U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. David Beckstrom) 180515-A-NU445-0055

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Navy Capt. Eric Johnson passed command of the Joint Interoperability Test Command to Navy Capt. Shawn Roberts in a ceremony with Navy bells and whistles and a little bit of Army flair at the Joint Interoperability Test Command headquarters on Fort Huachuca, July 19, 2018. Vice Admiral Nancy Norton, Director of the Defense Information Systems Agency and Commander of the Joint Force Headquarters-Department of Defense Information Network, was the presiding officer. (U.S. Army photo by Tanja Linton)

Interoperability between EU information systems (borders and visa, and police and judicial cooperation, asylum and migration)

Inter-American Defense College Leadership welcomed United States Coast Guard Vice Admiral Steven D. Poulin, Atlantic Area Commander, Coast Guard Defense Force East Commander and Director of DHS Joint Task Force-East, to the IADC on Fort Lesley J. McNair, Washington, D.C., Feb. 12, 2021. During his visit, the Vice Admiral spoke to the students of Class 60. His briefing on the wide-reaching effects of Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated fishing, the presentation provided insightful and relevant information to the student body. (U.S. Air Force photo by Staff Sgt. Mozer O. Da Cunha)

An Amphibious Assault Vehicle is offloaded from the USNS 1st Lt. Baldomero Lopez, a Maritime Prepositioning ship, during Exercise Eager Lion 2014, at the Port of Aqaba. Eager Lion is a recurring, multinational exercise designed to strengthen military-to-military relationships, increase interoperability between partner nations and enhance regional security and stability. (U.S. Marine Corps photo by Sgt. Laura Gauna/Released)

Inter-American Defense College Leadership hosts a Convocation Ceremony for Class 62 students on Fort Lesley J. McNair, Washington, D.C., Aug. 2, 2022. The event is a college tradition symbolizing the coming together of students from the Western Hemisphere to a unified body as Class 62. (U.S. Air Force photo by Tech. Sgt. Mozer O. Da Cunha)

During the week of June 19-23, members of the Tennessee Army and Air National Guard, along with their Bulgarian counterparts, participate in a series of readiness exercises in Thracian Sentry 2023 in Sofia, Bulgaria. Thracian Sentry 2023 highlights the 30-year-long partnership between the Bulgarian Ministry of Defense and the Tennessee National Guard and commemorates many years of military cooperation. During the exercise, the two teams exchanged knowledge and best practices to help develop interoperability and improve readiness for full-spectrum operations in complex combat medical care environments. (U.S. Air National Guard photo by Senior Airman Yonette Martin)