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Originally opened as a US Custom House in 1859, this building, which served as the state capitol building of the Reorganized Government of Virginia from 1861 to 1863, is now better known as the West Virginia Independence Hall Museum. In 1907, a new federal building was erected in Wheeling and the old Custom House was sold to Joseph Speidel and Associates in 1912. At this time, a three-story addition was made to the south side of the building, and it became known as the Conservative Life Building.
▶ Learn more about West Virginia Independence Hall
- image from “The Ohio Architect, Engineer & Builder,” Vol. XXVI, No. 5, November 1915. From the Beverly Fluty Collection of the Ohio County Public Library Archives.
▶ Visit the Library's Wheeling History website
The photos on the Ohio County Public Library's Flickr site may be freely used by non-commercial entities for educational and/or research purposes as long as credit is given to the "Ohio County Public Library, Wheeling WV." These photos may not be reproduced in any format for profit or other presentation without the permission of The Ohio County Public Library.
Independence Hall is the centerpiece of Independence National Historical Park in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, on Chestnut Street between 5th and 6th Streets. It is known primarily as the location where both the Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution were debated and adopted.
The building was completed in 1753 as the colonial legislature (later Pennsylvania State House) for the Province of Pennsylvania. It became the principal meeting place of the Second Continental Congress from 1775 to 1783 and was the site of the Constitutional Convention in the summer of 1787. The building is part of Independence National Historical Park and is listed as a World Heritage Site.
From May 10, 1775 to 1783, the Pennsylvania State House served as the principal meeting place of the Second Continental Congress, a body of representatives from each of the thirteen British North American colonies.
On June 14, 1775, delegates of the Continental Congress nominated George Washington as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army in the Assembly Room of the Pennsylvania State House. The Congress appointed Benjamin Franklin to be the first Postmaster General of what would later become the United States Post Office Department on July 26.
The United States Declaration of Independence was approved there on July 4, 1776, and the Declaration was read aloud to the public in the area now known as Independence Square. This document unified the colonies in North America who declared themselves independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain and explained their justifications for doing so.
In September 1786, commissioners from five states met in the Annapolis Convention to discuss adjustments to the Articles of Confederation that would improve commerce. They invited state representatives to convene in Philadelphia to discuss improvements to the federal government. After debate, the Congress of the Confederation endorsed the plan to revise the Articles of Confederation on February 21, 1787. Twelve states, Rhode Island being the exception, accepted this invitation and sent delegates to convene in June 1787 at Independence Hall.
The resolution calling the Convention specified its purpose as proposing amendments to the Articles, but the Convention decided to propose a rewritten Constitution. The Philadelphia Convention voted to keep deliberations secret, and to keep the Hall's windows shut throughout the hot summer. The result was the drafting of a new fundamental government design. On September 17, 1787, the Constitution was completed, and took effect on March 4, 1789, when the new Congress met for the first time in New York's Federal Hall.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Hall
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_...
The 72 stone steps before the entrance of the Philadelphia Museum of Art in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania have become known as the "Rocky Steps" as a result of their appearance in the triple-Oscar-winning film Rocky and four of its sequels, Rocky II, III, V and Rocky Balboa, in which the eponymous character runs up the steps to the song "Gonna Fly Now". Tourists often mimic Rocky's famous climb, a metaphor for an underdog or an everyman rising to a challenge. A bronze statue of Rocky was briefly situated at the top of the steps for the filming of Rocky III. This statue, now located at the bottom right of the steps, is a popular photo opportunity for visitors. The top of the steps offers a commanding view of Eakins Oval, the Benjamin Franklin Parkway, and Philadelphia City Hall.
In 2006, Rocky creator Sylvester Stallone recounted the genesis of the iconic scene: (while filming the 1976 movie) the film crew, bound by a tight budget, identified the steps one night while searching for filming locations around the city. Stallone first thought Rocky should carry his dog Butkus up the steps, but the big bull mastiff proved too heavy for the scene to work. Still, the view from the top of the stairs inspired him to reshoot the scene without the dog. In Rocky Balboa, Rocky lifts his dog Punchy when he reaches the top of the steps.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky_Steps
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_...
Philadelphia. Although the largest and oldest city of Pennsylvania, it is not the capital- that is Harrisburg (pop. 500,000.) which became the capital in 1812. Philly, as it is known, has 1.5 million people but the metropolitan area has 5.5 million. The city is the fifth largest in the USA. Nearly half of the 1.5m inner city population are African Americans. The city straddles the Delaware River (named after the local Indian tribe) and the Schuylkill River. It started out as part of William Penn’s Commonwealth (i.e. Pennsylvania is not a state, like Massachusetts) but prior to this Dutch (hence Schuylkill) and Swedish traders had settlements here. The Quaker Penn founded his Commonwealth in 1682 to provide religious toleration for all, including Catholic Calverts, Dutch Mennonites (now called Amish) and many German settlers. The city grew as a trading centre and by the time of the troubles that led to the War of Independence in the 1770s it was the largest city of the colonies with around 30,000 inhabitants. (At that time Boston had around 18,000 inhabitants, and New York, 22,000 residents) Because of its geographic location mid way between Massachusetts and the Carolinas it became the focal point for the War against England. The first and second Continental Congresses to discuss grievances against the English were held in Liberty Hall in Philadelphia, and Philadelphia became the national capital in 1790 until that was moved to Washington DC in 1799. It was the leading financial, trading and cultural centre of 18th century America.
Benjamin Franklin was a leading citizen of Philly. He became a Founding Father, and was a noted scientist (electricity), inventor (the lightening arrestor) and philosopher. He edited the local newspaper that helped to incite fury against the British. During the War of Independence he was the Ambassador to France securing financial and other assistance for the rebelling colonies. In his day he was esteemed second to Washington in the New Nation. He was the first US Post Master and is depicted on the $100 note.
During the War of Independence the British twice attacked Philadelphia. The Continental Congress which was meeting there fled to Baltimore and General George Washington defeated the English at the battles of Trenton and Princeton. The British attacked again in 1777 and then the Continental Congress fled to Lancaster; Washington was beaten at the Battle of Brandywine (near Wilmington) and the citizens of Philadelphia fled. The French helped the Americans drive the English out 10 months later! Some of the old cobblestone streets that would have witnessed this drama still exist in Philadelphia. The Historic City area was declared a National Monument in 1972.
Independence Hall. The ‘Founding Fathers’ were wealthy businessmen and politicians from all the colonies. It was an unheard of thing and revolutionary for the colonies to come together to discuss any issue. However, these business men and politicians were furious about the Boston Tea Party (the tax on tea) and other trading issues. Their first meeting, named ‘First Continental Congress’ was in 1774 and they agreed upon a set of resolves and petitioned George III, expressing loyalty but wanting their grievances remedied. Those present included Washington, John Dickinson (we visit his plantation later), Ben Franklin, Sam Adams, etc. At the Second Continental Congress in 1775 they established a Continental Army, and after a yearlong deliberation, agreed upon and signed the Declaration of Independence. The declaration was primarily written by Thomas Jefferson. It was signed in Philadelphia on 4th July 1776. The Founding Fathers met here again in 1787 to draft the formal Constitution which was later ratified by the colonies. After independence the meeting was known as the Confederation Congress. After the peace treaty with England in 1783 it became known as the Articles of Confederation. Almost all meetings were held in Philadelphia. Once the failures of the style of weak national government known as the Articles of Confederation were realised the politicians met again to formulate a Constitution with much stronger national powers. The first Constitutional Convention was held in Philadelphia in 1787. The Constitution was primarily written by James Madison (a later President from 1809-17.) It took several years before the required 9 colonies of the original 13 had ratified it. The United States with a Congress came into operation in 1789. Washington was the first President. The old Pennsylvania colonial Assembly Hall which became the Continental Congress is now known as Liberty Hall. It is a great example of American Georgia style architecture.
Betsy Ross House. This is the most visited building in Philadelphia and it claims to be the home for Betsy Ross who is claimed to have sewn the first American flag- the stars and stripes. The Georgian style house was built around 1740 and Betsy Ross and her husband lived there during the War of Independence era. She is credited with presenting the flag to Washington but there is no evidence for this. She was a Quaker and she and her first husband established an upholstery business. During the War she sewed blankets and made tents for the Continental Army. A grandson of Betsy Ross promoted the idea that she designed the flag in 1876 for the centenary of the Declaration of Independence. She was one of several flag makers in Philadelphia. The Flag Act was passed by the Continental Congress in Philadelphia in 1876. No designer is given credit for the flag. But Betsy Ross is still held up as a model for young American girls.
Valley Forge and the War of Independence and Red Coats.
Valley Forge, just minutes away from the largest shopping centre in the US- the King of Prussia Centre, was not a battlefield of the War of Independence but the place where General George Washington established a camp for the soldiers of the Continental Army during the winter of 1777-78. Washington and his troops had finished a nearby battle against the British and needed a secure place to camp for the winter, and they chose a spot 25 miles from Philadelphia. The valley was easily defended and 1,000 log huts were built. A total of 12,000 poorly clothed, equipped and fed troops stayed here for six months. But food was often short and consisted of not much more than a flour and water loaf -what we would call damper. Most of the horses starved to death. Dampness and diseases like dysentery and typhoid killed 2,500 troops. Uniforms began to fall apart with use and there was nothing with which to replace them despite the snow and rain. But Washington persisted and Baron Von Steuben arrived from Prussia (hence the name ‘King of Prussia Shopping Mall’) to drill and train the remaining troops. The French government paid Von Steuben’s fare to Valley Forge to train the American troops. He wrote the Revolutionary war Drill Manual, used by US troops until the War of 1812. Camp followers helped nurse the sick and dying and gradually morale was lifted as the summer weather approached. Washington and Von Steuben marched towards New York City in June 1778 to fight the advancing British. This time their troops were trained and in good spirits and by then they had an alliance with the French. Washington and Von Steuben had transformed a group of raggedy farmers into a disciplined fighting army ready for a five year war against the supposedly superior British Red Coats.
Valley Forge National Historical Park covers 3,500 acres of encampment sites, reconstructed dwellings, fortifications and a chapel. The key attraction is the charming restored two storey house used by Washington as his headquarters during the nearly 7 months that the camp at Valley Forge operated. The Welcome Centre includes a museum with artefacts from the camp and various displays. There is a chapel and a National Memorial Arch in the park. The words of General Washington express some of the sentiments many American people have for this site.
Since damiec insisted: Here's a bold little city sparrow who kept hopping around me looking for food. And some bokeh people.
.Philadelphia. Although the largest and oldest city of Pennsylvania, it is not the capital- that is Harrisburg (pop. 500,000.) which became the capital in 1812. Philly, as it is known, has 1.5 million people but the metropolitan area has 5.5 million. The city is the fifth largest in the USA. Nearly half of the 1.5m inner city population are African Americans. The city straddles the Delaware River (named after the local Indian tribe) and the Schuylkill River. It started out as part of William Penn’s Commonwealth (i.e. Pennsylvania is not a state, like Massachusetts) but prior to this Dutch (hence Schuylkill) and Swedish traders had settlements here. The Quaker Penn founded his Commonwealth in 1682 to provide religious toleration for all, including Catholic Calverts, Dutch Mennonites (now called Amish) and many German settlers. The city grew as a trading centre and by the time of the troubles that led to the War of Independence in the 1770s it was the largest city of the colonies with around 30,000 inhabitants. (At that time Boston had around 18,000 inhabitants, and New York, 22,000 residents) Because of its geographic location mid way between Massachusetts and the Carolinas it became the focal point for the War against England. The first and second Continental Congresses to discuss grievances against the English were held in Liberty Hall in Philadelphia, and Philadelphia became the national capital in 1790 until that was moved to Washington DC in 1799. It was the leading financial, trading and cultural centre of 18th century America.
Benjamin Franklin was a leading citizen of Philly. He became a Founding Father, and was a noted scientist (electricity), inventor (the lightening arrestor) and philosopher. He edited the local newspaper that helped to incite fury against the British. During the War of Independence he was the Ambassador to France securing financial and other assistance for the rebelling colonies. In his day he was esteemed second to Washington in the New Nation. He was the first US Post Master and is depicted on the $100 note.
During the War of Independence the British twice attacked Philadelphia. The Continental Congress which was meeting there fled to Baltimore and General George Washington defeated the English at the battles of Trenton and Princeton. The British attacked again in 1777 and then the Continental Congress fled to Lancaster; Washington was beaten at the Battle of Brandywine (near Wilmington) and the citizens of Philadelphia fled. The French helped the Americans drive the English out 10 months later! Some of the old cobblestone streets that would have witnessed this drama still exist in Philadelphia. The Historic City area was declared a National Monument in 1972.
Independence Hall. The ‘Founding Fathers’ were wealthy businessmen and politicians from all the colonies. It was an unheard of thing and revolutionary for the colonies to come together to discuss any issue. However, these business men and politicians were furious about the Boston Tea Party (the tax on tea) and other trading issues. Their first meeting, named ‘First Continental Congress’ was in 1774 and they agreed upon a set of resolves and petitioned George III, expressing loyalty but wanting their grievances remedied. Those present included Washington, John Dickinson (we visit his plantation later), Ben Franklin, Sam Adams, etc. At the Second Continental Congress in 1775 they established a Continental Army, and after a yearlong deliberation, agreed upon and signed the Declaration of Independence. The declaration was primarily written by Thomas Jefferson. It was signed in Philadelphia on 4th July 1776. The Founding Fathers met here again in 1787 to draft the formal Constitution which was later ratified by the colonies. After independence the meeting was known as the Confederation Congress. After the peace treaty with England in 1783 it became known as the Articles of Confederation. Almost all meetings were held in Philadelphia. Once the failures of the style of weak national government known as the Articles of Confederation were realised the politicians met again to formulate a Constitution with much stronger national powers. The first Constitutional Convention was held in Philadelphia in 1787. The Constitution was primarily written by James Madison (a later President from 1809-17.) It took several years before the required 9 colonies of the original 13 had ratified it. The United States with a Congress came into operation in 1789. Washington was the first President. The old Pennsylvania colonial Assembly Hall which became the Continental Congress is now known as Liberty Hall. It is a great example of American Georgia style architecture.
Canon 11-24mm f/4L USM "Real World Review"
froknowsphoto.com/canon-11-24mm-f4l-usm-real-world-review/
The
Canon 11-24 F4L USM is one of the widest full frame lenses you will ever see on the market. This lens clocks in at $3,000 but if your a full time professional this is a must have lens in your bag.
In this “Real World Review” of the Canon 11-24 F4L USM lens I took it for a spin out at Independence Mall here in Philadelphia. Independence Mall is where the Liberty Bell and Independence Hall are located. This area lends well to testing out camera gear and as many of you know, in my opinion the only way to truly test out gear is to use it in the “Real World”.
To download four sample RAW Files please click the link above (100 meg zip file).
Canon’s widest zoom rectilinear (they have a 14mm 2.8 prime) prior to this lens was the 16-35 F2.8 II. This is a fantastic wide lens but many photographers including myself wanted/needed something wider. That’s why I love my Nikon 14-24 2.8, because it’s wide and fast.
Canon decided to go with an F4 aperture which to be honest is not a deal breaker when you are shooting so wide. If that lens was going to be a 2.8 could you imagine how much larger/heavier it would be as well as more expensive.
Who is this lens for? This is a photojournalists dream lens for shooting in tight spaces but wanting to maximize filling the frame with your subjects. Take shooting at the liberty bell for example. I was able to shoot down low on the ground with the bell out of focus and a edge to edge image of the people there to see it.
One thing you have to be careful about is putting people on the edge of the frame at 11mm. Whatever is on the edge is going to bow out due to how these type of lenses are constructed. This is not a deal breaker, it’s simply something you have to be cognizant of when you’re shooting ultra wide.
You can’t forget about talking about this lens as it pertains to video. For establishing shots, this lens is fantastic with video. Wether you need those ultra wide panning shots or slightly tighter detail shots this lens can do it. It does not have IS or image stabilization which for shooting video does came in handy. Since it doesn’t have that you may want to shoot video on a tripod or another stabilizer.
Keep in mind this lens is not for everyone, it’s meant for the full time pros who can one afford it and two use it to it’s full potential. If I were a Canon shooter I would have ordered this lens day one to round out my Canon Hebrew Trinity.
Joseph Alexis Bailly's statue of George Washington was dedicated in front of Independence Hall, on the south side of Chestnut between 5th and 6th Streets, in October 1910. The marble original was erected on the spot in 1908, but moved inside city Hall and replaced by the $14,000, 8-foot tall bronze cast copy, founded by Roman Bronze Works, which sits atop a 6'8" marble and granite base.
Independence Hall was built by Edmund Woolley and Andrew Hamilton, the Speaker of the Pennsylvania Assembly, in 1753 as the Pennsylvania State House. But it was the events that took place between 1775 and 1787 that earned it the name Independence Hall, and reinforce its iconic status as the Birthplace of the Nation. It is within its walls that the delegates to the Second Continental Congress met, the Declaration of Independence was approved, and the Constitution of the United States was debated, drafted and signed.
Construction on the redbrick Georgian style building, at the time the most ambitious public work in the colonies, began in 1732. The five-part plan included a 105-foot long main block, two covered arcades, and two 50-foot long wing buildings at the end of the arcades. The Provincial government paid for construction as it went along--piecemeal for 21 years. The building has undergone many restorations, notably by Greek revival architect John Haviland in 1830, and by a committee from the National Park Service, in 1950, returning it to its 1776 appearance. The bell tower, consisting of a wooden steeple set atop the three-story brick house, was the original home of the Liberty Bell and today holds the Centennial Bell, created for the United States Centennial Exposition in 1876.
Independence National Historical Park preserves several sites associated with the American Revolution. Administered by the National Park Service, the 45-acre park was authorized in 1948, and established on July 4, 1956.
Independence Hall was designated a World Heritage Site on October 24, 1979.
Independence National Park Historic District National Register #66000675 (1966)
Philadelphia. Although the largest and oldest city of Pennsylvania, it is not the capital- that is Harrisburg (pop. 500,000.) which became the capital in 1812. Philly, as it is known, has 1.5 million people but the metropolitan area has 5.5 million. The city is the fifth largest in the USA. Nearly half of the 1.5m inner city population are African Americans. The city straddles the Delaware River (named after the local Indian tribe) and the Schuylkill River. It started out as part of William Penn’s Commonwealth (i.e. Pennsylvania is not a state, like Massachusetts) but prior to this Dutch (hence Schuylkill) and Swedish traders had settlements here. The Quaker Penn founded his Commonwealth in 1682 to provide religious toleration for all, including Catholic Calverts, Dutch Mennonites (now called Amish) and many German settlers. The city grew as a trading centre and by the time of the troubles that led to the War of Independence in the 1770s it was the largest city of the colonies with around 30,000 inhabitants. (At that time Boston had around 18,000 inhabitants, and New York, 22,000 residents) Because of its geographic location mid way between Massachusetts and the Carolinas it became the focal point for the War against England. The first and second Continental Congresses to discuss grievances against the English were held in Liberty Hall in Philadelphia, and Philadelphia became the national capital in 1790 until that was moved to Washington DC in 1799. It was the leading financial, trading and cultural centre of 18th century America.
Benjamin Franklin was a leading citizen of Philly. He became a Founding Father, and was a noted scientist (electricity), inventor (the lightening arrestor) and philosopher. He edited the local newspaper that helped to incite fury against the British. During the War of Independence he was the Ambassador to France securing financial and other assistance for the rebelling colonies. In his day he was esteemed second to Washington in the New Nation. He was the first US Post Master and is depicted on the $100 note.
During the War of Independence the British twice attacked Philadelphia. The Continental Congress which was meeting there fled to Baltimore and General George Washington defeated the English at the battles of Trenton and Princeton. The British attacked again in 1777 and then the Continental Congress fled to Lancaster; Washington was beaten at the Battle of Brandywine (near Wilmington) and the citizens of Philadelphia fled. The French helped the Americans drive the English out 10 months later! Some of the old cobblestone streets that would have witnessed this drama still exist in Philadelphia. The Historic City area was declared a National Monument in 1972.
Independence Hall. The ‘Founding Fathers’ were wealthy businessmen and politicians from all the colonies. It was an unheard of thing and revolutionary for the colonies to come together to discuss any issue. However, these business men and politicians were furious about the Boston Tea Party (the tax on tea) and other trading issues. Their first meeting, named ‘First Continental Congress’ was in 1774 and they agreed upon a set of resolves and petitioned George III, expressing loyalty but wanting their grievances remedied. Those present included Washington, John Dickinson (we visit his plantation later), Ben Franklin, Sam Adams, etc. At the Second Continental Congress in 1775 they established a Continental Army, and after a yearlong deliberation, agreed upon and signed the Declaration of Independence. The declaration was primarily written by Thomas Jefferson. It was signed in Philadelphia on 4th July 1776. The Founding Fathers met here again in 1787 to draft the formal Constitution which was later ratified by the colonies. After independence the meeting was known as the Confederation Congress. After the peace treaty with England in 1783 it became known as the Articles of Confederation. Almost all meetings were held in Philadelphia. Once the failures of the style of weak national government known as the Articles of Confederation were realised the politicians met again to formulate a Constitution with much stronger national powers. The first Constitutional Convention was held in Philadelphia in 1787. The Constitution was primarily written by James Madison (a later President from 1809-17.) It took several years before the required 9 colonies of the original 13 had ratified it. The United States with a Congress came into operation in 1789. Washington was the first President. The old Pennsylvania colonial Assembly Hall which became the Continental Congress is now known as Liberty Hall. It is a great example of American Georgia style architecture.
Betsy Ross House. This is the most visited building in Philadelphia and it claims to be the home for Betsy Ross who is claimed to have sewn the first American flag- the stars and stripes. The Georgian style house was built around 1740 and Betsy Ross and her husband lived there during the War of Independence era. She is credited with presenting the flag to Washington but there is no evidence for this. She was a Quaker and she and her first husband established an upholstery business. During the War she sewed blankets and made tents for the Continental Army. A grandson of Betsy Ross promoted the idea that she designed the flag in 1876 for the centenary of the Declaration of Independence. She was one of several flag makers in Philadelphia. The Flag Act was passed by the Continental Congress in Philadelphia in 1876. No designer is given credit for the flag. But Betsy Ross is still held up as a model for young American girls.
Valley Forge and the War of Independence and Red Coats.
Valley Forge, just minutes away from the largest shopping centre in the US- the King of Prussia Centre, was not a battlefield of the War of Independence but the place where General George Washington established a camp for the soldiers of the Continental Army during the winter of 1777-78. Washington and his troops had finished a nearby battle against the British and needed a secure place to camp for the winter, and they chose a spot 25 miles from Philadelphia. The valley was easily defended and 1,000 log huts were built. A total of 12,000 poorly clothed, equipped and fed troops stayed here for six months. But food was often short and consisted of not much more than a flour and water loaf -what we would call damper. Most of the horses starved to death. Dampness and diseases like dysentery and typhoid killed 2,500 troops. Uniforms began to fall apart with use and there was nothing with which to replace them despite the snow and rain. But Washington persisted and Baron Von Steuben arrived from Prussia (hence the name ‘King of Prussia Shopping Mall’) to drill and train the remaining troops. The French government paid Von Steuben’s fare to Valley Forge to train the American troops. He wrote the Revolutionary war Drill Manual, used by US troops until the War of 1812. Camp followers helped nurse the sick and dying and gradually morale was lifted as the summer weather approached. Washington and Von Steuben marched towards New York City in June 1778 to fight the advancing British. This time their troops were trained and in good spirits and by then they had an alliance with the French. Washington and Von Steuben had transformed a group of raggedy farmers into a disciplined fighting army ready for a five year war against the supposedly superior British Red Coats.
Valley Forge National Historical Park covers 3,500 acres of encampment sites, reconstructed dwellings, fortifications and a chapel. The key attraction is the charming restored two storey house used by Washington as his headquarters during the nearly 7 months that the camp at Valley Forge operated. The Welcome Centre includes a museum with artefacts from the camp and various displays. There is a chapel and a National Memorial Arch in the park. The words of General Washington express some of the sentiments many American people have for this site.
Canon 11-24mm f/4L USM "Real World Review"
froknowsphoto.com/canon-11-24mm-f4l-usm-real-world-review/
The
Canon 11-24 F4L USM is one of the widest full frame lenses you will ever see on the market. This lens clocks in at $3,000 but if your a full time professional this is a must have lens in your bag.
In this “Real World Review” of the Canon 11-24 F4L USM lens I took it for a spin out at Independence Mall here in Philadelphia. Independence Mall is where the Liberty Bell and Independence Hall are located. This area lends well to testing out camera gear and as many of you know, in my opinion the only way to truly test out gear is to use it in the “Real World”.
To download four sample RAW Files please click the link above (100 meg zip file).
Canon’s widest zoom rectilinear (they have a 14mm 2.8 prime) prior to this lens was the 16-35 F2.8 II. This is a fantastic wide lens but many photographers including myself wanted/needed something wider. That’s why I love my Nikon 14-24 2.8, because it’s wide and fast.
Canon decided to go with an F4 aperture which to be honest is not a deal breaker when you are shooting so wide. If that lens was going to be a 2.8 could you imagine how much larger/heavier it would be as well as more expensive.
Who is this lens for? This is a photojournalists dream lens for shooting in tight spaces but wanting to maximize filling the frame with your subjects. Take shooting at the liberty bell for example. I was able to shoot down low on the ground with the bell out of focus and a edge to edge image of the people there to see it.
One thing you have to be careful about is putting people on the edge of the frame at 11mm. Whatever is on the edge is going to bow out due to how these type of lenses are constructed. This is not a deal breaker, it’s simply something you have to be cognizant of when you’re shooting ultra wide.
You can’t forget about talking about this lens as it pertains to video. For establishing shots, this lens is fantastic with video. Wether you need those ultra wide panning shots or slightly tighter detail shots this lens can do it. It does not have IS or image stabilization which for shooting video does came in handy. Since it doesn’t have that you may want to shoot video on a tripod or another stabilizer.
Keep in mind this lens is not for everyone, it’s meant for the full time pros who can one afford it and two use it to it’s full potential. If I were a Canon shooter I would have ordered this lens day one to round out my Canon Hebrew Trinity.
Independence Hall, on Chestnut Street bwetween 5th and 6th Streets, was built by Edmund Woolley and Andrew Hamilton, the Speaker of the Pennsylvania Assembly, in 1753 as the Pennsylvania State House. But it was the events that took place between 1775 and 1787 that earned it the name Independence Hall, and reinforce its iconic status as the Birthplace of the Nation. It is within its walls that the the delegates to the Second Continental Congress met, the Declaration of Independence was approved, and the Constitution of the United States was debated, drafted and signed.
Construction on the redbrick Georgian style building, at the time the most ambitious public work in the colonies, began in 1732. The five-part plan included a 105-foot long main block, two covered arcades, and two 50-foot long wing buildings at the end of the arcades. The Provincial government paid for construction as it went along--piecemeal for 21 years. The building has undergone many restorations, notably by Greek revival architect John Haviland in 1830, and by a committee from the National Park Service, in 1950, returning it to its 1776 appearance. The bell tower, consisting of a wooden steeple set atop the three-story brick house, was the original home of the Liberty Bell and today holds the Centennial Bell, created for the United States Centennial Exposition in 1876.
From 1775 to 1783, the Hall served as the principal meeting place of the Second Continental Congress, a body of a body of representatives from each of the thirteen colonies. The Declaration of Independence, which was authored by Thomas Jefferson and declared the unified colonies independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain, was approved there on July 4, 1776, though the vote was held two days earlier and the Declaration was read aloud to the public in the area now known as Independence Square. On June 14, 1775, delegates nominated George Washington as commander of the Continental Army; and on July 26, they appointed Benjamin Franklin the first Postmaster General of what would later become the United States Post Office Department.
During September of 1777, Philadelphia was occupied by the British Army, and the Continental Congress was forced to abandon the State House and flee to York, Pennsylvania where the Articles of Confederation were approved in November. The Congress returned on July 2, 1778, after the end of the British occupation.
In the summer of 1787, Independence Hall hosted the Philadelphia Convention, now also known as the Constitutional Convention. The original intent was to discuss adjustments to the Articles of Confederation, but the Convention decided to propose a rewritten Constitution, resulting in a new fundamental government design. On September 17, 1787, the Constitution was completed, and took effect on March 4, 1789, when the new Congress met for the first time in New York's Federal Hall.
In 1790, the Congress moved back into Philadelphia and first met in Congress Hall, the small adjoining east east wing. Philadelphia would remain the seat of the federal government until 1800, with Independence Hall serving as the Capitol Building with executive offices, and the Supreme Court assembling in Old City Hall, the small adjoining west wing. These three buildings, togetyher with Philosophical Hall, today make up Independence Square.
Here the first foreign minister to visit the United States was welcomed; the news of Cornwallis's defeat was announced, signaling the end of the Revolutionary War; and, later, John Adams and Abraham Lincoln lay in state. On October 26, 1918, Tomáš Masaryk proclaimed the independence of Czechoslovakia on the steps of Independence Hall. On July 4, 1962, President John F. Kennedy gave an address here on Independence Day.
Independence Hall is pictured on the back of the U.S. $100 bill, as well as the bicentennial Kennedy half dollar. The Assembly Room is pictured on the reverse side of the U.S. two dollar bill, from the original painting by John Trumbull entitled Declaration of Independence.
Independence National Historical Park preserves several sites associated with the American Revolution. Administered by the National Park Service, the 45-acre park was authorized in 1948, and established on July 4, 1956.
Independence Hall was designated a World Heritage Site on October 24, 1979.
Independence National Park Historic District National Register #66000675 (1966)
Canon 11-24mm f/4L USM "Real World Review"
froknowsphoto.com/canon-11-24mm-f4l-usm-real-world-review/
The
Canon 11-24 F4L USM is one of the widest full frame lenses you will ever see on the market. This lens clocks in at $3,000 but if your a full time professional this is a must have lens in your bag.
In this “Real World Review” of the Canon 11-24 F4L USM lens I took it for a spin out at Independence Mall here in Philadelphia. Independence Mall is where the Liberty Bell and Independence Hall are located. This area lends well to testing out camera gear and as many of you know, in my opinion the only way to truly test out gear is to use it in the “Real World”.
To download four sample RAW Files please click the link above (100 meg zip file).
Canon’s widest zoom rectilinear (they have a 14mm 2.8 prime) prior to this lens was the 16-35 F2.8 II. This is a fantastic wide lens but many photographers including myself wanted/needed something wider. That’s why I love my Nikon 14-24 2.8, because it’s wide and fast.
Canon decided to go with an F4 aperture which to be honest is not a deal breaker when you are shooting so wide. If that lens was going to be a 2.8 could you imagine how much larger/heavier it would be as well as more expensive.
Who is this lens for? This is a photojournalists dream lens for shooting in tight spaces but wanting to maximize filling the frame with your subjects. Take shooting at the liberty bell for example. I was able to shoot down low on the ground with the bell out of focus and a edge to edge image of the people there to see it.
One thing you have to be careful about is putting people on the edge of the frame at 11mm. Whatever is on the edge is going to bow out due to how these type of lenses are constructed. This is not a deal breaker, it’s simply something you have to be cognizant of when you’re shooting ultra wide.
You can’t forget about talking about this lens as it pertains to video. For establishing shots, this lens is fantastic with video. Wether you need those ultra wide panning shots or slightly tighter detail shots this lens can do it. It does not have IS or image stabilization which for shooting video does came in handy. Since it doesn’t have that you may want to shoot video on a tripod or another stabilizer.
Keep in mind this lens is not for everyone, it’s meant for the full time pros who can one afford it and two use it to it’s full potential. If I were a Canon shooter I would have ordered this lens day one to round out my Canon Hebrew Trinity.
Canon 11-24mm f/4L USM "Real World Review"
froknowsphoto.com/canon-11-24mm-f4l-usm-real-world-review/
The
Canon 11-24 F4L USM is one of the widest full frame lenses you will ever see on the market. This lens clocks in at $3,000 but if your a full time professional this is a must have lens in your bag.
In this “Real World Review” of the Canon 11-24 F4L USM lens I took it for a spin out at Independence Mall here in Philadelphia. Independence Mall is where the Liberty Bell and Independence Hall are located. This area lends well to testing out camera gear and as many of you know, in my opinion the only way to truly test out gear is to use it in the “Real World”.
To download four sample RAW Files please click the link above (100 meg zip file).
Canon’s widest zoom rectilinear (they have a 14mm 2.8 prime) prior to this lens was the 16-35 F2.8 II. This is a fantastic wide lens but many photographers including myself wanted/needed something wider. That’s why I love my Nikon 14-24 2.8, because it’s wide and fast.
Canon decided to go with an F4 aperture which to be honest is not a deal breaker when you are shooting so wide. If that lens was going to be a 2.8 could you imagine how much larger/heavier it would be as well as more expensive.
Who is this lens for? This is a photojournalists dream lens for shooting in tight spaces but wanting to maximize filling the frame with your subjects. Take shooting at the liberty bell for example. I was able to shoot down low on the ground with the bell out of focus and a edge to edge image of the people there to see it.
One thing you have to be careful about is putting people on the edge of the frame at 11mm. Whatever is on the edge is going to bow out due to how these type of lenses are constructed. This is not a deal breaker, it’s simply something you have to be cognizant of when you’re shooting ultra wide.
You can’t forget about talking about this lens as it pertains to video. For establishing shots, this lens is fantastic with video. Wether you need those ultra wide panning shots or slightly tighter detail shots this lens can do it. It does not have IS or image stabilization which for shooting video does came in handy. Since it doesn’t have that you may want to shoot video on a tripod or another stabilizer.
Keep in mind this lens is not for everyone, it’s meant for the full time pros who can one afford it and two use it to it’s full potential. If I were a Canon shooter I would have ordered this lens day one to round out my Canon Hebrew Trinity.
Canon 11-24mm f/4L USM "Real World Review"
froknowsphoto.com/canon-11-24mm-f4l-usm-real-world-review/
The
Canon 11-24 F4L USM is one of the widest full frame lenses you will ever see on the market. This lens clocks in at $3,000 but if your a full time professional this is a must have lens in your bag.
In this “Real World Review” of the Canon 11-24 F4L USM lens I took it for a spin out at Independence Mall here in Philadelphia. Independence Mall is where the Liberty Bell and Independence Hall are located. This area lends well to testing out camera gear and as many of you know, in my opinion the only way to truly test out gear is to use it in the “Real World”.
To download four sample RAW Files please click the link above (100 meg zip file).
Canon’s widest zoom rectilinear (they have a 14mm 2.8 prime) prior to this lens was the 16-35 F2.8 II. This is a fantastic wide lens but many photographers including myself wanted/needed something wider. That’s why I love my Nikon 14-24 2.8, because it’s wide and fast.
Canon decided to go with an F4 aperture which to be honest is not a deal breaker when you are shooting so wide. If that lens was going to be a 2.8 could you imagine how much larger/heavier it would be as well as more expensive.
Who is this lens for? This is a photojournalists dream lens for shooting in tight spaces but wanting to maximize filling the frame with your subjects. Take shooting at the liberty bell for example. I was able to shoot down low on the ground with the bell out of focus and a edge to edge image of the people there to see it.
One thing you have to be careful about is putting people on the edge of the frame at 11mm. Whatever is on the edge is going to bow out due to how these type of lenses are constructed. This is not a deal breaker, it’s simply something you have to be cognizant of when you’re shooting ultra wide.
You can’t forget about talking about this lens as it pertains to video. For establishing shots, this lens is fantastic with video. Wether you need those ultra wide panning shots or slightly tighter detail shots this lens can do it. It does not have IS or image stabilization which for shooting video does came in handy. Since it doesn’t have that you may want to shoot video on a tripod or another stabilizer.
Keep in mind this lens is not for everyone, it’s meant for the full time pros who can one afford it and two use it to it’s full potential. If I were a Canon shooter I would have ordered this lens day one to round out my Canon Hebrew Trinity.
Canon 11-24mm f/4L USM "Real World Review"
froknowsphoto.com/canon-11-24mm-f4l-usm-real-world-review/
The
Canon 11-24 F4L USM is one of the widest full frame lenses you will ever see on the market. This lens clocks in at $3,000 but if your a full time professional this is a must have lens in your bag.
In this “Real World Review” of the Canon 11-24 F4L USM lens I took it for a spin out at Independence Mall here in Philadelphia. Independence Mall is where the Liberty Bell and Independence Hall are located. This area lends well to testing out camera gear and as many of you know, in my opinion the only way to truly test out gear is to use it in the “Real World”.
To download four sample RAW Files please click the link above (100 meg zip file).
Canon’s widest zoom rectilinear (they have a 14mm 2.8 prime) prior to this lens was the 16-35 F2.8 II. This is a fantastic wide lens but many photographers including myself wanted/needed something wider. That’s why I love my Nikon 14-24 2.8, because it’s wide and fast.
Canon decided to go with an F4 aperture which to be honest is not a deal breaker when you are shooting so wide. If that lens was going to be a 2.8 could you imagine how much larger/heavier it would be as well as more expensive.
Who is this lens for? This is a photojournalists dream lens for shooting in tight spaces but wanting to maximize filling the frame with your subjects. Take shooting at the liberty bell for example. I was able to shoot down low on the ground with the bell out of focus and a edge to edge image of the people there to see it.
One thing you have to be careful about is putting people on the edge of the frame at 11mm. Whatever is on the edge is going to bow out due to how these type of lenses are constructed. This is not a deal breaker, it’s simply something you have to be cognizant of when you’re shooting ultra wide.
You can’t forget about talking about this lens as it pertains to video. For establishing shots, this lens is fantastic with video. Wether you need those ultra wide panning shots or slightly tighter detail shots this lens can do it. It does not have IS or image stabilization which for shooting video does came in handy. Since it doesn’t have that you may want to shoot video on a tripod or another stabilizer.
Keep in mind this lens is not for everyone, it’s meant for the full time pros who can one afford it and two use it to it’s full potential. If I were a Canon shooter I would have ordered this lens day one to round out my Canon Hebrew Trinity.
Independence Hall, which forms the centerpiece for of the Independence National Park on Chestnut Street between 5th and 6th Streets, was built between 1732 and 1753 to the Georgian style design of Edmund Woolley and Andrew Hamilton, the Speaker of the Pennsylvania Assembly. It initially served as the Pennsylvania State House from and served as the capitol for the Province and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania until the state capital moved to Lancaster in 1799. But was the events that took place between 1775 and 1787 that earned it the name Independence Hall and its iconic status as the Birthplace of the Nation. It was the principal meeting place of the Second Continental Congress from 1775 to 1781 and the Constitutional Convention in 1787, where the United States Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution were respectively debated and adopted by America's Founding Fathers.
Facaded in red brick, the hall consists of a central building with bell tower and steeple, reaching 168-feet and 7-1/4 inches at the tip of the spire, attached to two smaller wings which were demolished and replaced twice, most recently in 1898, via arcaded hyphens. The bell tower, consisting of a wooden steeple set atop the three-story brick house, was added in 1828 by William Strickland replacing an earlier rotted wooden one, was the original home of the Liberty Bell
Pennsylvania State Building. World's Columbian Exposition. 1896.
Digitial Identifier: GN90799d_CON_158w
Lundi 31 août 2015. Independence Hall est construit en briques rouges entre 1732 et 1753 pour abriter l’assemblée coloniale de Pennsylvanie avant la Révolution.
Philadelphie (en anglais Philadelphia, prononcé [ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə], du grec philèin, aimer, adelphos, frère et adelphè, sœur, Φιλαδελφία peut être traduit par « amour fraternel et sororal », « amitié pour un frère ou une sœur »), surnommée Philly, est une ville du Commonwealth de Pennsylvanie, située dans le Nord-Est des États-Unis, entre New York et Washington DC. Cinquième ville du pays selon le recensement fédéral de 2010, Philadelphie compte 1 526 006 habitants dans la municipalité (Philadelphia City) et 5 965 343 habitants dans son aire métropolitaine (PMSA de Philadelphie–Camden–Wilmington). C'est la cinquième municipalité la plus peuplée des États-Unis (après New York, Los Angeles, Chicago et Houston) et la sixième agglomération du pays.
Centre historique, culturel et artistique majeur aux États-Unis, Philadelphie est également un grand port industriel sur le fleuve Delaware qui se jette dans l’océan Atlantique. Fondée en 1682, elle fut au XVIIIe siècle la ville la plus peuplée des treize colonies avant de devenir pour un temps la capitale des États-Unis et d'alimenter pendant quelques décennies la rivalité financière et politique entre New York et Philadelphie, avant d'être éclipsée par sa rivale puis de perdre son statut de capitale au profit de Washington.
À présent, Philadelphie est la principale métropole de l'État de Pennsylvanie, dont la capitale est Harrisburg, mais aussi le siège du comté de Philadelphie. Enfin, le nom de la ville, choisi par William Penn, signifie « amitié fraternelle », car elle devait être un îlot de tolérance religieuse.
Avant l'arrivée des Européens, environ 20 000 Amérindiens Lenapes, appartenant à la nation algonquine habitaient dans la vallée du Delaware et le village de Shackamaxon était situé à l'emplacement actuel du quartier de Kensington, au nord du centre-ville.
L’exploration de la vallée du Delaware commença au début du XVIIe siècle. Les premiers colons suédois, néerlandais et anglais revendiquèrent tour à tour les rives du fleuve : la Nouvelle-Suède, fondée en 1638, fut annexée à la Nouvelle-Hollande en 1655. Puis la région passa définitivement dans le giron britannique en 1674.
En 1681, le roi d’Angleterre Charles II octroya une charte à William Penn en échange de l’annulation d’une dette que le gouvernement devait à son père. Par ce document, la colonie de Pennsylvanie était officiellement fondée. William Penn (1644–1718) était un quaker anglais : il appartenait à ce groupe religieux dissident, persécuté en Angleterre, qui rejetait la hiérarchie ecclésiastique et prônait l’égalité, la tolérance, la non-violence. La Pennsylvanie devint rapidement un refuge pour tous ceux qui étaient opprimés pour leur foi. William Penn partit ainsi en Amérique en 1682 et fonda la ville de Philadelphie. Il souhaitait que cette cité servît de port et de centre politique. Même si Charles II lui en avait donné la propriété, William Penn acheta la terre aux Amérindiens afin d’établir avec eux des relations pacifiques. Il aurait signé un traité d’amitié avec le chef lenape Tamanend à Shackamaxon en 1682.
Philadelphie fut aménagée selon un plan en damier, le plus ancien des États-Unis, avec des rues larges et cinq parcs. Mais surtout, William Penn voulait rendre cette ville et la Pennsylvanie plus humaines, en supprimant la peine de mort pour les vols et en garantissant la liberté de culte. Le nom de la ville, emprunté au grec Φιλαδέλφια (« amour fraternel »), reflétait cette ambition. Lorsque William Penn revint d’Angleterre en 1699 après une absence de quinze ans, il trouva une ville agrandie et qui se plaçait juste derrière Boston par sa population. De nombreux immigrants européens, anglais, néerlandais, huguenots, étaient en effet arrivés, attirés par la prospérité de la ville et sa tolérance religieuse. Un premier groupe d’Allemands s’installa en 1683 dans le quartier actuel de Germantown. William Penn donna une charte à la cité le 25 octobre 1701 afin de créer des institutions municipales : un maire, des conseillers et une assemblée.
Dans la deuxième moitié du XVIIIe siècle, Philadelphie était devenue la cité la plus peuplée des Treize colonies (45 000 habitants en 1780), dépassant Boston. Elle disputait même à Dublin la place de deuxième ville de l’empire britannique, en dehors de l'Angleterre.
À la fin du XVIIIe siècle, Philadelphie était le « véritable centre des Lumières révolutionnaires », notamment sous l’impulsion de Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790). Ce savant, né à Boston, vécut à Philadelphie à partir de 1723 et fut l’un des fondateurs de la Library Company of Philadelphia (1731), de l’Université de Pennsylvanie (1740) et de la société américaine de philosophie (1743). En 1752, il inventa le paratonnerre. En 1728, John Bartram créa un jardin botanique, le premier de ce genre en Amérique du Nord. C’est également au XVIIIe siècle que Philadelphie devint le principal centre d’édition des Treize colonies : le premier journal, The American Weekly Mercury, parut en 1719. La Pennsylvania Gazette (1723) joua un grand rôle pendant la Révolution américaine. En 1739 fut publié le premier traité contre l’esclavage et la ville devint, avec Boston, l’un des centres anti-esclavagistes du pays.
Le savoir et la culture connurent un développement important au XVIIIe siècle, ce qui vaut à la ville d'être parfois appelée « l'Athènes de l'Amérique ». Dans les années 1760 s’ouvrirent une école d’anatomie, une école de médecine en 1765 et, l'année suivante, un théâtre permanent. C’est en 1790 que fut inaugurée la Law School of the University of Pennsylvania, la plus ancienne école de droit des États-Unis. Plusieurs artistes de la ville fondèrent en 1794 le Columbianum, qui constituait alors la première société pour la promotion des beaux-arts.
Enfin, Philadelphie se dota d’équipements, de bâtiments publics et d’infrastructures urbaines avant les autres cités américaines et sous l'impulsion de Benjamin Franklin : un hôpital et une compagnie de pompiers dès les années 1730 ; plusieurs banques furent fondées dans les années 1780. La Pennsylvania State House (actuel Independence Hall), où siégeait l’assemblée coloniale, fut achevée en 1753. Les rues furent progressivement pavées et éclairées au gaz.
Dans les années 1770, Philadelphie devint l'un des principaux foyers de la Révolution américaine. Les Fils de la Liberté, une organisation de patriotes américains, étaient très actifs dans la ville : ils résistaient aux mesures fiscales imposées par la métropole et incitaient les colons à boycotter les marchandises anglaises.
Philadelphie fut choisie à cause de sa position centrale au sein des Treize colonies pour accueillir le Premier Congrès continental qui se réunit du 5 septembre au 26 octobre 1774 au Carpenters' Hall. Le Second Congrès continental se tint entre 1775 et 1781, date de la ratification des Articles de la Confédération. Pendant la guerre d’indépendance, cette assemblée organisa l'armée continentale, émet du papier monnaie et s'occupe des relations internationales du pays. Les délégués signèrent la Déclaration d'indépendance le 4 juillet 1776. Cependant, à la suite de la défaite américaine de Brandywine en 1777, le Congrès dut quitter la ville, ainsi que les 2/3 de la population. Les habitants durent cacher la « cloche de la liberté ».
Plusieurs batailles opposèrent les Américains commandés par George Washington aux troupes britanniques en Pennsylvanie. Après avoir investi Philadelphie en septembre 1777, les Britanniques concentrèrent 9 000 hommes à Germantown, que Washington ne réussit pas à vaincre. En juin 1778, les Anglais abandonnèrent Philadelphie pour protéger New York, exposée à la menace française. Dès juillet, le Congrès revenait à Philadelphie. Une Convention constitutionnelle se réunit à Philadelphie en 1781 afin de rédiger une constitution. Ce texte organisant les institutions du nouveau pays, fut signée à l’Independence Hall en septembre 1787. C’est dans le Congress Hall que fut élaborée la Déclaration des droits en 1790, les dix premiers amendements à la Constitution américaine.
Le Congrès continental s'installa à New York en 1785 mais, sous la pression de Thomas Jefferson, il déménagea à Philadelphie en 1790, qui fit office pendant dix ans de capitale provisoire des États-Unis, pendant que Washington D.C. était en chantier.
En 1793, une terrible épidémie de fièvre jaune ravagea la ville. On compta plus de 5 000 victimes, soit près de 10 % de la population.
En 1799, Washington devint capitale fédérale. Philadelphie perdit aussi, la même année, son statut de capitale d’État, au profit de Lancaster.
La ville fut aussi la capitale de la finance américaine. Pendant quatre décennies, la Bourse de Philadelphie, ouverte sur Chestnut Street en 1790, fut en effet le premier centre boursier de la fédération. C'est l'année de l'émission d'un grand emprunt obligataire public de 8 millions de dollars pour restructurer la dette des nouveaux États-Unis28. En 1791, la First Bank of the United States, au capital de 10 millions de dollars dont 20 % détenus par l'État, est la première action cotée. Le premier banquier de la ville, le Français Stephen Girard, la rachète en 1811 pour financer la guerre de 1812.
Le commerce maritime de Philadelphie fut perturbé par l’Embargo Act de 1807 puis par la guerre de 1812 contre l'Angleterre. Après cette date, New York dépassa la cité et le port de Pennsylvanie29.
Au début du XIXe siècle, Philadelphie connut un important essor économique grâce aux richesses agricoles et minières (charbon) présentes dans son arrière-pays ; la construction de routes, de canaux et de voies ferrées permit à la ville de maintenir son rang dans la Révolution industrielle. Le textile, la confection, la métallurgie, la fabrication du papier et du matériel ferroviaire, la construction navale, l’agro-alimentaire étaient les principales industries du XIXe siècle. Philadelphie était également un centre financier de première importance. Pendant la guerre de Sécession (1861-1865), les usines de la ville fournirent les armées de l’Union en matériel militaire et en ressources diverses. Les hôpitaux jouèrent également un rôle en accueillant de nombreux blessés lors du conflit.
En raison de la mécanisation de l’agriculture dans le sud des États-Unis, des milliers d’Afro-Américains commencèrent à migrer vers le nord et Philadelphie devint l’une des destinations privilégiées de cet afflux. Comme dans d’autres cités américaines, les années qui précédèrent la guerre de Sécession furent marquées par des violences contre les nouveaux migrants, comme lors des émeutes anti-catholiques de mai-juin 1844. Avec l’Acte de Consolidation (Act of Consolidation) de 1854, la municipalité de Philadelphie annexa plusieurs districts, townships et quartiers périphériques. Cette décision permit de faire correspondre les limites de la ville avec celle du comté et d’améliorer la gestion des problèmes urbains. Cependant, la municipalité républicaine continuait à être corrompue et les fraudes et les intimidations lors des élections étaient fréquentes.
En 1876, Philadelphie accueillit la première exposition universelle organisée sur le sol américain (la Centennial International Exhibition en anglais). Elle commémorait le centenaire de la Déclaration d'indépendance et se tint dans le Fairmount Park, près de la Schuylkill River. Elle attira quelque 9 789 392 visiteurs. La plupart des bâtiments de l'exposition furent conservés par la Smithsonian Institution à Washington DC. Parmi les innovations qui furent montrées au public, on peut citer le téléphone d'Alexander Graham Bell, la machine à écrire de Remington, le ketchup Heinz, la Root beer, ou encore l'automate à fabriquer des vis d'horlogerie et la chaîne de montage horlogère (Waltham Watch Company).
Des milliers d’immigrants venus d’Allemagne, d’Italie, d’Irlande et d’Europe de l'Est vinrent travailler dans les industries de la ville au tournant du XXe siècle et se regroupèrent dans des quartiers distincts. Pendant la Première Guerre mondiale, l’arrivée des Afro-Américains fuyant la ségrégation raciale du Sud modifia la structure de la population. Avec le développement du transport ferroviaire puis du métro en 1907, et de l’automobile, les classes moyennes commencèrent à quitter le centre-ville pour résider en banlieue. Les premiers gratte-ciels firent leur apparition et le pont Benjamin Franklin fut construit. Après la Grande Dépression, Philadelphie était connue pour la vigueur de son syndicalisme et pour ses multiples grèves. Le chômage augmenta fortement et se maintint à un haut niveau dans les années 1930, malgré les emplois créés par la Work Projects Administration. Il fallut attendre la Seconde Guerre mondiale pour que la ville sortît de la crise, grâce aux industries de l'armement.
En 1950, Philadelphie atteignit son apogée démographique, avec un peu plus de deux millions d’habitants ; les logements étaient alors souvent insuffisants et insalubres. Dans les années 1960, des émeutes raciales éclatèrent, au moment du mouvement pour les droits civiques (Civil Rights Movement en anglais). Les problèmes sociaux s’aggravèrent avec la montée du chômage, la drogue et la violence des gangs. Les classes moyennes blanches fuirent le centre vers les comtés environnants : ainsi la ville perdit plus de 13 % de sa population dans les années 1970.
La municipalité adopta une nouvelle charte en 1951 donnant plus de pouvoirs au maire. Le maire Joseph S. Clark, Jr. inaugura une politique de renouvellement urbain : amélioration des routes et du système des transports (SEPTA, 1965), réhabilitation urbaine, création de centres commerciaux et de parcs. Mais la ville était alors à la limite de la banqueroute au début des années 1990, à l'instar d'autres grandes villes de la côte est comme New York, qui connut une crise et une situation de faillite similaire. Depuis, la situation du logement et de l'emploi s'est améliorée dans plusieurs quartiers, mais la violence reste toujours à un niveau élevé.
Philadelphie se trouve dans le Nord-Est des États-Unis, dans la région industrielle de la Manufacturing Belt, à la même latitude que les Baléares ou que la Calabre, en Italie du Sud. Elle appartient à un espace urbanisé en continu, le BosWash, qui va de Boston au nord à Washington, D.C. au sud. La ville se targue de se trouver à moins de 100 miles de New York, 99 exactement (environ 160 km). La ville se trouve entre les montagnes Appalaches au nord et l'ouest, et l'océan Atlantique au sud et à l'est.
Philadelphie est construite dans le Sud-Est de la Pennsylvanie et la banlieue s'est développée en partie sur le New Jersey vers l'est, grâce aux ponts Benjamin Franklin et Walt Whitman. Le centre-ville s'étend principalement sur la rive droite du fleuve Delaware, dont elle commande l'estuaire situé au sud. La rivière Schuylkill se jette dans le Delaware au sud de la ville : c'est sur ce site de confluence que se sont développés les chantiers navals. D'autres cours d'eau moins importants traversent la ville : Cobbs Creek, Wissahickon Creek et Pennypack Creek.
Selon le Bureau du recensement des États-Unis, la ville a une superficie totale de 369,4 km2, dont 349,9 km2 de terre et 19,6 km2 de plans d'eau, soit 5,29 % du total. Le territoire de la municipalité (Philadelphia City) est 3,5 fois plus étendu que celui de Paris. L'agglomération occupe un site de plaine fluviale plat et peu élevé. L'altitude moyenne est de 13 mètres au-dessus du niveau de la mer. La zone métropolitaine de Philadelphie, qui occupe la vallée du Delaware, compte près de six millions d'habitants.
L'urbanisme de Philadelphie est caractéristique d'une grande ville américaine, à ceci près qu'elle possède un quartier historique comme Boston ou La Nouvelle-Orléans.
Le centre-ville (Center City) suit un plan orthogonal depuis sa fondation ; il forme un quadrilatère délimité à l'est par le Delaware au nord par Vine Street, à l'ouest par la Schuylkill et au sud par South Street. Le centre de ce quadrilatère est occupé par l'Hôtel de ville. Ce bâtiment se trouve dans l'axe de deux rues, Broad Street et Market Street, qui se coupent à angle droit à la manière d'un cardo et d'un decumanus romains. Les rues orientées est-ouest, portent des noms d'arbres. La Benjamin Franklin Parkway, sorte de Champs-Élysées de Philadelphie, est une avenue radiale qui relie l'Hôtel de ville au Fairmount Park et au Philadelphia Museum of Art. Le centre historique se trouve à l'est, le centre des affaires à l'ouest. Le quartier de Center City compte de nombreuses institutions culturelles, des galeries et des centres commerciaux.
Le plan d'urbanisme de la fin du XVIIe siècle a disposé quatre places aux coins du Center City : Washington Square West, Rittenhouse Square, Logan Square et Franklin Square. La Fairmount Park Commission regroupe un ensemble de jardins publics dispersés dans l'agglomération, pour une superficie totale de 3 723 hectares – soit 37,23 km². Le principal, Fairmount Park, se trouve le long de la Schuylkill River et du Wissahickon Creek, au nord-ouest de Center City, et s'étend sur 17 km2, soit cinq fois la superficie du Central Park de New York et deux fois le Bois de Boulogne à Paris.
Autour du centre-ville se trouvent des ghettos (West Philadelphia, Camden) ainsi que le quartier universitaire (University City, à l'ouest de la Schuylkill). Cette première auréole est également constituée de quartiers intermédiaires et mixtes, qui ont chacun leur identité. La plupart correspondent aux anciens villages ou villes du comté de Philadelphie avant leur annexion par la ville. Les quartiers de classes moyennes et aisées s'étendent assez loin du centre-ville et sont reliées à lui par un système de voies rapides et de trains de banlieue.
...otherwise known today as West Virginia Independence Hall (1528 Market Street).
The Conservative Life Insurance Company was incorporated in Wheeling in 1906, issuing its first policy in April of 1907.
According to The History of West Virginia, Old and New
Published 1923, The American Historical Society, Inc.
Chicago and New York, Volume 111, "The home offices of the Conservative Life Insurance Company are established
in a fine building that bears the company's name and that is owned by the company. This is an enlarged and remodeled structure, the base of which was the old post office or Federal Building at Wheeling, and with the purchase more recently of adjoining property on which was situated the Colonial Theater the company now owns a block 132 feet square-one of the most valuable properties in the city."
Postcard published by Nicoll's Art Store, Wheeling W. Va. Postmarked August 13, 1910
-from the Postcard Collection of the Ohio County Public Library Archives. Donated by Mrs. Neva Wagener Colbert
▶ Visit the Library's Wheeling History website
The photos on the Ohio County Public Library's Flickr site may be freely used by non-commercial entities for educational and/or research purposes as long as credit is given to the "Ohio County Public Library, Wheeling WV." These photos may not be reproduced in any format for profit or other presentation without the permission of The Ohio County Public Library.
When the Henry Ford museum was constructed, the facade included replicas of several Philadelphia buildings including most prominently Independence Hall.
I have combined two pictures that I took, one of the original Independence Hall in Philadelphia and one of the Henry Ford museum in Dearborn, Michigan. Can you tell which is which?
Independence Hall is the centerpiece of Independence National Historical Park in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, on Chestnut Street between 5th and 6th Streets. It is known primarily as the location where both the Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution were debated and adopted.
The building was completed in 1753 as the colonial legislature (later Pennsylvania State House) for the Province of Pennsylvania. It became the principal meeting place of the Second Continental Congress from 1775 to 1783 and was the site of the Constitutional Convention in the summer of 1787. The building is part of Independence National Historical Park and is listed as a World Heritage Site.
From May 10, 1775 to 1783, the Pennsylvania State House served as the principal meeting place of the Second Continental Congress, a body of representatives from each of the thirteen British North American colonies.
On June 14, 1775, delegates of the Continental Congress nominated George Washington as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army in the Assembly Room of the Pennsylvania State House. The Congress appointed Benjamin Franklin to be the first Postmaster General of what would later become the United States Post Office Department on July 26.
The United States Declaration of Independence was approved there on July 4, 1776, and the Declaration was read aloud to the public in the area now known as Independence Square. This document unified the colonies in North America who declared themselves independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain and explained their justifications for doing so.
In September 1786, commissioners from five states met in the Annapolis Convention to discuss adjustments to the Articles of Confederation that would improve commerce. They invited state representatives to convene in Philadelphia to discuss improvements to the federal government. After debate, the Congress of the Confederation endorsed the plan to revise the Articles of Confederation on February 21, 1787. Twelve states, Rhode Island being the exception, accepted this invitation and sent delegates to convene in June 1787 at Independence Hall.
The resolution calling the Convention specified its purpose as proposing amendments to the Articles, but the Convention decided to propose a rewritten Constitution. The Philadelphia Convention voted to keep deliberations secret, and to keep the Hall's windows shut throughout the hot summer. The result was the drafting of a new fundamental government design. On September 17, 1787, the Constitution was completed, and took effect on March 4, 1789, when the new Congress met for the first time in New York's Federal Hall.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Hall
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_...
Canon 11-24mm f/4L USM "Real World Review"
froknowsphoto.com/canon-11-24mm-f4l-usm-real-world-review/
The
Canon 11-24 F4L USM is one of the widest full frame lenses you will ever see on the market. This lens clocks in at $3,000 but if your a full time professional this is a must have lens in your bag.
In this “Real World Review” of the Canon 11-24 F4L USM lens I took it for a spin out at Independence Mall here in Philadelphia. Independence Mall is where the Liberty Bell and Independence Hall are located. This area lends well to testing out camera gear and as many of you know, in my opinion the only way to truly test out gear is to use it in the “Real World”.
To download four sample RAW Files please click the link above (100 meg zip file).
Canon’s widest zoom rectilinear (they have a 14mm 2.8 prime) prior to this lens was the 16-35 F2.8 II. This is a fantastic wide lens but many photographers including myself wanted/needed something wider. That’s why I love my Nikon 14-24 2.8, because it’s wide and fast.
Canon decided to go with an F4 aperture which to be honest is not a deal breaker when you are shooting so wide. If that lens was going to be a 2.8 could you imagine how much larger/heavier it would be as well as more expensive.
Who is this lens for? This is a photojournalists dream lens for shooting in tight spaces but wanting to maximize filling the frame with your subjects. Take shooting at the liberty bell for example. I was able to shoot down low on the ground with the bell out of focus and a edge to edge image of the people there to see it.
One thing you have to be careful about is putting people on the edge of the frame at 11mm. Whatever is on the edge is going to bow out due to how these type of lenses are constructed. This is not a deal breaker, it’s simply something you have to be cognizant of when you’re shooting ultra wide.
You can’t forget about talking about this lens as it pertains to video. For establishing shots, this lens is fantastic with video. Wether you need those ultra wide panning shots or slightly tighter detail shots this lens can do it. It does not have IS or image stabilization which for shooting video does came in handy. Since it doesn’t have that you may want to shoot video on a tripod or another stabilizer.
Keep in mind this lens is not for everyone, it’s meant for the full time pros who can one afford it and two use it to it’s full potential. If I were a Canon shooter I would have ordered this lens day one to round out my Canon Hebrew Trinity.
I could help but capture some history while being in Philly.
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I was in Philadelphia, “The City of Brotherly Love”, recently for business. In the short time that I was there my scheduled only allowed me a few hours of light in the evening. I was limited to walking a 5 mile radius around my hotel and was fortunate to find that it was located in the center of town giving me access to many historical monuments and museums. Because it was about 5PM when I got started on my way, many of the museums were already closed for the day for the exception of the Liberty Bell and Independence Hall. As an American and this being my first time to Philadelphia it was eye opening and in some cases jaw dropping. You could not walk around without having a great sense of patriotism. I loved the American Flags against many of the historic buildings throughout the city. The city hall building in Philadelphia is one of the most magnificent buildings I have ever seen. Because it was literally right across the street from my hotel gave me more time to examine closer. It’s no wonder that the Mason’s building is the second largest building next to it in the center of the city. The masonry work is amazing.
This album is a representation of capturing what I could in a very limited amount of time and light. I did not have a tripod so evening shots was not in the cards. I am however very pleased I brought my camera with me as I had contemplated not lugging it around with me.
Independence Hall is the centerpiece of Independence National Historical Park in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, on Chestnut Street between 5th and 6th Streets. It is known primarily as the location where both the Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution were debated and adopted.
The building was completed in 1753 as the colonial legislature (later Pennsylvania State House) for the Province of Pennsylvania. It became the principal meeting place of the Second Continental Congress from 1775 to 1783 and was the site of the Constitutional Convention in the summer of 1787. The building is part of Independence National Historical Park and is listed as a World Heritage Site.
From May 10, 1775 to 1783, the Pennsylvania State House served as the principal meeting place of the Second Continental Congress, a body of representatives from each of the thirteen British North American colonies.
On June 14, 1775, delegates of the Continental Congress nominated George Washington as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army in the Assembly Room of the Pennsylvania State House. The Congress appointed Benjamin Franklin to be the first Postmaster General of what would later become the United States Post Office Department on July 26.
The United States Declaration of Independence was approved there on July 4, 1776, and the Declaration was read aloud to the public in the area now known as Independence Square. This document unified the colonies in North America who declared themselves independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain and explained their justifications for doing so.
In September 1786, commissioners from five states met in the Annapolis Convention to discuss adjustments to the Articles of Confederation that would improve commerce. They invited state representatives to convene in Philadelphia to discuss improvements to the federal government. After debate, the Congress of the Confederation endorsed the plan to revise the Articles of Confederation on February 21, 1787. Twelve states, Rhode Island being the exception, accepted this invitation and sent delegates to convene in June 1787 at Independence Hall.
The resolution calling the Convention specified its purpose as proposing amendments to the Articles, but the Convention decided to propose a rewritten Constitution. The Philadelphia Convention voted to keep deliberations secret, and to keep the Hall's windows shut throughout the hot summer. The result was the drafting of a new fundamental government design. On September 17, 1787, the Constitution was completed, and took effect on March 4, 1789, when the new Congress met for the first time in New York's Federal Hall.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Hall
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_...
Independence Hall, which forms the centerpiece for of the Independence National Park on Chestnut Street between 5th and 6th Streets, was built between 1732 and 1753 to the Georgian style design of Edmund Woolley and Andrew Hamilton, the Speaker of the Pennsylvania Assembly. It initially served as the Pennsylvania State House from and served as the capitol for the Province and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania until the state capital moved to Lancaster in 1799. But was the events that took place between 1775 and 1787 that earned it the name Independence Hall and its iconic status as the Birthplace of the Nation. It was the principal meeting place of the Second Continental Congress from 1775 to 1781 and the Constitutional Convention in 1787, where the United States Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution were respectively debated and adopted by America's Founding Fathers.
Facaded in red brick, the hall consists of a central building with bell tower and steeple, reaching 168-feet and 7-1/4 inches at the tip of the spire, attached to two smaller wings which were demolished and replaced twice, most recently in 1898, via arcaded hyphens. The bell tower, consisting of a wooden steeple set atop the three-story brick house, was added in 1828 by William Strickland replacing an earlier rotted wooden one, was the original home of the Liberty Bell