Islam ☪
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Mr. Shihab, one of two Imams at Ikmulan Islam Mosque. Mr. Shihab studied in Cairo, Egypt for ten years. He offered some coffee and graciously let me take his photograph.
El conjunto Khazret-Imam de Tashkent es uno de los ejemplos más convincentes del cuidado minucioso con los monumentos arquitectónicos y del interés por la historia de Uzbekistán.
La edificación empezó en el siglo XVI. Como resultado de frecuentes terremotos, guerras, y simplemente bajo el influjo del tiempo muchos edificios del conjunto han perdido parte de su decoración. En 2007 después de la restauración de algunos edificios antiguos, construcción de los nuevos y adecuación del entorno, los habitantes y huéspedes de Tashkent lo pudieron ver en todo su encanto y grandeza.
The Khazret-Imam complex in Tashkent is one of the most compelling examples of meticulous care taken with architectural monuments and a deep interest in Uzbekistan's history.
Construction began in the 16th century. As a result of frequent earthquakes, wars, and simply the ravages of time, many buildings in the complex lost some of their decoration. In 2007, after the restoration of some older buildings, the construction of new ones, and the landscaping of the surrounding area, the residents and visitors of Tashkent were able to appreciate it in all its charm and grandeur.
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The Barak-khan Madrasah was built in the XVI century by Suyunidzh-khan, a grandson of Ulugbek. The Barak-khan madrasah is located in a former Sebzar part of the Old Town in the territory of Khast Imam, Tashkent.
photo rights reserved by Ben
From the cool shadows of an entrance at the Hazrati Imam Complex in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, the view opens onto the sunlit square and the monumental Hazrati Imam Jome Mosque. The richly carved wooden door and geometric latticework above the entrance form a natural frame around the turquoise dome and slender minaret in the distance. The contrast between the dark passage and the bright square creates a strong sense of depth, almost as if the doorway marks the transition between two different worlds. On the vast open square, several workers appear almost insignificant beside the monumental architecture. A red safety helmet and a small bucket reveal that maintenance work is being carried out, reminding us that even historic and religious monuments require everyday care. The Hazrati Imam Complex, also known as Khast Imam, is the religious heart of Tashkent’s Old City. It developed around the mausoleum of Abu Bakr Kaffal Shashi, a highly respected Islamic scholar who lived in the 10th century. The complex contains several important religious buildings, including the Barak Khan Madrasah, Tillya Sheikh Mosque, Muyi Muborak Madrasah and the large Hazrati Imam Mosque. The present mosque was completed in 2007 and was designed in the traditional architectural style of Central Asia. Its warm brickwork, blue tile decorations, turquoise domes and tall minarets form a striking contrast with the clear sky above Tashkent.
From shadow into sunlight — a richly decorated doorway frames the turquoise dome and minaret of Hazrati Imam, while everyday work continues across the square.
Vanuit de koele schaduw van een ingang van het Hazrati Imam-complex in Tashkent, Oezbekistan, opent zich het uitzicht op het zonovergoten plein en de monumentale Hazrati Imam Jome-moskee. De rijk uitgesneden houten deur en het geometrische vlechtwerk boven de ingang vormen een natuurlijk kader rond de turquoise koepel en slanke minaret in de verte. Het contrast tussen de donkere doorgang en het lichte plein zorgt voor een sterk gevoel van diepte, alsof de deuropening de overgang vormt tussen twee verschillende werelden. Op het enorme plein lijken de enkele arbeiders bijna nietig naast de monumentale architectuur. Een rode veiligheidshelm en een klein emmertje verraden dat er onderhoudswerkzaamheden plaatsvinden. Ze herinneren ons eraan dat ook historische en religieuze monumenten dagelijks onderhoud nodig hebben. Het Hazrati Imam-complex, ook bekend als Khast Imam, vormt het religieuze hart van de oude stad van Tashkent. Het complex ontwikkelde zich rond het mausoleum van Abu Bakr Kaffal Shashi, een zeer gerespecteerde islamitische geleerde uit de 10e eeuw. Het omvat verschillende belangrijke religieuze gebouwen, waaronder de Barak Khan-madrassa, Tillya Sheikh-moskee, Muyi Muborak-madrassa en de grote Hazrati Imam-moskee. De huidige moskee werd voltooid in 2007 en ontworpen in de traditionele bouwstijl van Centraal-Azië. Het warme baksteen, de blauwe tegeldecoraties, turquoise koepels en hoge minaretten vormen een prachtig contrast met de heldere hemel boven Tashkent.
ALI ~ Commander of the Faithful~
Full name: Ali ibn Abu Talib
Titles-Nicknames:
- Father of Hasan (Arabic: Abu al-Hasan)
- Father of Dust/Soil (Arabic: Abu Turab)
- Murtadha ("One Who Is Chosen and Contented")
- Lion of God (Arabic: Asad-ullah)
- Lion (Arabic: Haydar)
Born:
October 23, 598, March 17, 599(599-03-17) or March 17, 600(600-03-17) in Mecca -KSA-
Died:
January 28, 661 in Kufa -Iraqu-
Buried Imam Ali Mosque, Najaf, Iraq
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Ali ibn Abi Talib
(Arabic: علي بن أﺑﻲ طالب; Transliteration: ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib,
13th Rajab, 24 BH–21st Ramaḍān, 40 AH; approximately October 23, 598 or 600 or March 17, 599 – January 27, 661) was the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and ruled over the Islamic Caliphate from 656 to 661, and was the first male convert to Islam.
Sunni Muslims consider Ali the fourth and final of the Rashidun (rightly guided Caliphs), while Shi'a Muslims regard Ali as the first Imam and consider him and his descendants the rightful successors to Muhammad, all of which are members of the Ahl al-Bayt, the household of Muhammad. This disagreement split the Ummah (Muslim community) into the Sunni and Shi'a branches.
Muslim sources, especially Shi'a ones, state that during Muhammad's time, Ali was the only person born in the Kaaba sanctuary in Mecca, the holiest place in Islam. His father was Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib and his mother was Fatima bint Asad, but he was raised in the household of Muhammad, who himself was raised by Abu Talib, Muhammad's uncle. When Muhammad reported receiving a divine revelation, Ali was the first male to accept his message, dedicating his life to the cause of Islam.
Ali migrated to Medina shortly after Muhammad did. Once there Muhammad told Ali that God had ordered Muhammad to give his daughter, Fatimah, to Ali in marriage. For the ten years that Muhammad led the community in Medina, Ali was extremely active in his service, leading parties of warriors on battles, and carrying messages and orders. Ali took part in the early caravan raids from Mecca and later in almost all the battles fought by the nascent Muslim community.
Ali was appointed Caliph by the Companions of Muhammad (the Sahaba) in Medina after the assassination of the third caliph, Uthman ibn Affan. He encountered defiance and civil war during his reign. In 661, Ali was attacked one morning while worshipping in the mosque of Kufa, and died a few days later.
In Muslim culture, Ali is respected for his courage, knowledge, belief, honesty, unbending devotion to Islam, deep loyalty to Muhammad, equal treatment of all Muslims and generosity in forgiving his defeated enemies, and therefore is central to mystical traditions in Islam such as Sufism. Ali retains his stature as an authority on Qur'anic exegesis, Islamic jurisprudence and religious thought. Ali holds a high position in almost all Sufi orders which trace their lineage through him to Muhammad. Ali's influence has been important throughout Islamic history.
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Sayings of Imam Ali (A.S.)
One of the Iwan of the Imam Mosque in Isfahan. The Mosque is considered one of the masterpiece of Persian architecture and was built at the beginning of the 17th Century. Its construction was part of the Naqsh-e Jahan Square.
I return here to my series of photographs of the magnificent Nizimiya Turkish Turkish Mosque in Midrand. The Mosque is famous not just as an extraordinarily beautiful architectural marvel, but as both a warm and friendly, welcoming, space and for its broad community service. Behind such a project are people. Here is a portrait of the genial Imam and one of the mosque's welcoming personnel. They were delighted to be photographed, and this is one of several lovely portraits I got. Thank you to them both!
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The Meridionali Ro.37 Lince (Italian: "Lynx") was a small two-seater reconnaissance biplane, designed and built by the IMAM company in Italy in 1934. It was armed with two 7.7 mm (0.303 in) fixed forward firing Breda-SAFAT machine guns and one 7.7 mm (0.303 in) flexibly mounted machine gun in the rear cockpit; a small bombload of around 180kg could be carried under the wings for ground attack missions.
Powered by a Piaggio Stella P.IX R.C.40 9-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine with 561 hp of power, it had a maximum speed of 330km/h and a range of 1120km which was comparable to most biplane light bombers in service with European Countries around that time.
Operationally it was unreliable and since it lacked armor, it became easy kill for the rapidly improving Allied air power over the Mediterranean during the Second World War. Still, it was generally liked by it´s crews and some examples were sold to foreign nations. Some (possibly as many as 58) were sent to the Nationalist Forces fighting during the Spanish Civil War.
To know more about their combat use during the war, click here for the next photo:
www.flickr.com/photos/einon/52094619100
Eínon
The Imam Khomeini Mosque (Persian: مسجد امام , Masjed-e Shah) is a mosque in Isfahan (Esfahān), Iran standing in south side of Naghsh-i Jahan Square.
Built during the Safavids period, it is an excellent example of Islamic architecture of Iran, and regarded as the masterpiece of Persian Architecture. The Shah Mosque of Esfahan is one of the everlasting masterpieces of architecture in Iran and all over the world. It is registered along with the Naghsh-i Jahan Square as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Its construction began in 1611, and its splendor is mainly due to the beauty of its seven-color mosaic tiles and calligraphic inscriptions.
The mosque is depicted on the reverse of the Iranian 20,000 rials banknote.
Measurements
The port of the mosque measures 27 m (89 ft) high, crowned with two minarets 42 m (138 ft) tall. The Mosque is surrounded with four iwans and arcades. All the walls are ornarnented with seven-color mosaic tile. The most magnificent iwan of the mosque is the one facing the Qibla measuring 33 m (108 ft) high. Behind this iwan is a space which is roofed with the largest dome in the city at 52 m (171 ft) height. The dome is double layered.
The acoustic properties and reflections at the central point under the dome is an amusing interest for many visitors. There are two seminaries at the southwest and southeast sections of the mosque...more
مسجد شاه که به مسجد جامع عباسی نیز شهرت دارد یکی از مساجد میدان نقش جهان اصفهان است که در طی دوران صفوی ساخته شد و از بناهای مهم معماری اسلامی ایران بهشمارمیرود. این بنا شاهکاری جاویدان از معماری، کاشیکاری و نجاری در قرن یازدهم هجری است.
این مسجد که در ضلع جنوبی میدان امام قرار دارد در سال ۱۰۲۰ هجری به فرمان شاه عباس اول در بیست و چهارمین سال سلطنت وی شروع شده و تزئینات و الحاقات آن در دوره جانشینان او به اتمام رسیده است.
معمار مهندس آن استاد علیاکبر اصفهانی و ناظر ساختمان محبعلی بیک الله بودهاند. و خوشنویسانی چون علیرضا عباسی، عبدالباقی تبریزی، محمد رضا امامی، محمد صالح امامی در آن کتیبهنگاری کردهاند.
* موقعیت: ضلع جنوبی میدان نقش جهان
* سال تأسیس: ۱۰۲۰ (قمری) (دوره شاه عباس اول)
* معمار: استاد علی اکبر اصفهانی و ناظر ساختمان محب علی بیک الله
* خطاطان: علیرضا عباسی، عبدالباقی تبریزی، محمد رضا امامی، محمد صالح امامی...بیشتر
The Badshahi Mosque (Urdu: بادشاھی مسجد), or the 'Emperor's Mosque', was built in 1673 by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in Lahore, Pakistan. It is one of the city's best known landmarks, and a major tourist attraction epitomising the beauty and grandeur of the Mughal era.
Capable of accommodating over 55,000 worshipers, it is the second largest mosque in Pakistan, after the Faisal Mosque in Islamabad. The architecture and design of the Badshahi Masjid is closely related to the Jama Masjid in Delhi, India, which was built in 1648 by Aurangzeb's father and predecessor, emperor Shah Jahan.
Badshahi Masjid is one of the locations where Qari' Abdul Basit recited the Qur'an.[citation needed] The Imam-e-Kaaba (Sheikh Abdur-Rahman Al-Sudais of Saudi Arabia) has also led prayers in this mosque in 2007.
The mosque was built under the patronage of the sixth Mughal Emperor, Aurangzeb Alamgir. It was completed in 1673 under the supervision of Aurangzeb's foster brother Muzaffar Hussain (also known as Fidaie Khan Koka) who was appointed governor of Lahore in May 1671 and held this post until 1675. He was also Master of Ordnance to the emperor. The construction of the mosque took about two years from May 1671 to April 1673. The mosque was built opposite the Lahore Fort, illustrating its stature in the Mughal Empire. In conjunction with the building of the mosque, a new gate was built at the fort, named Alamgiri Gate after the Emperor.
Badshahi Mosque was badly damaged and was misused during Sikh Rule. During the reign of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the mosque was used as a stable for the army's horses.[1][2] They also would steal the jewels from the mosque, such as marble, rubies, gold, and other valuables. Muslims were not allowed to enter the mosque to worship; they were only given a small place outside the mosque where they could worship.
Even when the British took control of India, they would use the mosque for their military practices by using the mosque for gun practices, cannons, etc. Even when they sensed Muslim hate for the British, they demolished a large portion of the wall of the mosque so the Muslims could not use it as a kind of "fort" for anti-British reasons. After a while, they finally returned it to the Muslims as a good will gesture even though it was in terrible condition. It was then given to Badshahi Mosque Authority to restore it to its original glory.
From 1852 onwards, piecemeal repairs were carried out under the supervision of the Badshahi Mosque Authority. Extensive repairs were carried out from 1939 to 1960 at a cost of about 4.8 million rupees, which brought the mosque to its original shape and condition. The blueprint for the repairs was prepared by the late architect Nawab Zen Yar Jang Bahadur.
In 2000, the repair work of marble inlay in the main vault was repaired under the supervision of Saleem Anjum Qureshi.
On the occasion of the second Islamic Summit held at Lahore on February 22, 1974, thirty-nine heads of Muslim states offered their Friday prayers in the Badshahi Masjid, led by Maulana Abdul Qadir Azad, the 'Khatib' of the mosque.
Recently a small museum has also been added to the mosque complex. It contains relics of Muhammad (peace be upon him), his cousin Hazrat Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), and his daughter, Hazrat Fatima Zahra (may Allah be pleased with her). On August 14, 1947, the Pakistani people celebrated their independence from the British command.
Pakistan(Urdu: "land of the pure"), a country of 160 million people, is now the second most populous country in the Muslim world.
Hailed as the country's cultural capital, Lahore – also known as the "Heart of Pakistan" – is rich with many examples of Moghul architecture.[3]
Like the character of its founder, the mosque is bold, vast and majestic in its expression. It was the largest mosque in the world for a long time.
The interior has rich embellishment in stucco tracery (Manbatkari) and paneling with a fresco touch, all in bold relief, as well as marble inlay.
The exterior is decorated with stone carving as well as marble inlay on red sandstone, specially of loti form motifs in bold relief. The embellishment has Indo-Greek, Central Asian and Indian architectural influence both in technique and motifs.
The skyline is furnished by beautiful ornamental merlons inlaid with marble lining adding grace to the perimeter of the mosque. In its various architectural features like the vast square courtyard, the side aisles (dalans), the four corner minars, the projecting central transept of the prayer chamber and the grand entrance gate, is summed up the history of development of mosque architecture of the Muslim world over the thousand years prior to its construction in 1673.
The north enclosure wall of the mosque was laid close to the Ravi River bank, so a majestic gateway could not be provided on that side and, to keep the symmetry the gate had to be omitted on the south wall as well. Thus a four aiwan plan like the earlier Delhi Jamia Masjid could not be adopted here.
The walls were built with small kiln-burnt bricks laid in kankar, lime mortar (a kind of hydraulic lime) but have a veneer of red sandstone. The steps leading to the prayer chamber and its plinth are in variegated marble.
The prayer chamber is very deep and is divided into seven compartments by rich engraved arches carried on very heavy piers. Out of the seven compartments, three double domes finished in marble have superb curvature, whilst the rest have curvilinear domes with a central rib in their interior and flat roof above. In the eastern front aisle, the ceiling of the compartment is flat (Qalamdani) with a curved border (ghalatan) at the cornice level.
The original floor of the courtyard was laid with small kiln-burnt bricks laid in the Mussalah pattern. The present red sandstone flooring was laid during the last thorough repairs (1939-60). Similarly, the original floor of the prayer chamber was in cut and dressed bricks with marble and Sang-i-Abri lining forming Mussalah and was also replaced by marble Mussalah during the last repairs.
There are only two inscriptions in the mosque:
•one on the gateway
•the other of Kalimah in the prayer chamber under the main high vault.
•Courtyard: 528'-8" x 528'-4" (Area: 278,784 ft2), divided into two levels: the upper and the lower. In the latter, funeral prayers can also be offered.
•Prayer Chamber: 275'-8" x 83'-7" x 50'-6" high, with its main vault 37'-3" x 59'-4" high but with the merlons 74'-6". (Area: 22,825 ft2)
•Corner Minars: 67' in circumference, 176'-4" high are in four stages and have a contained staircase with 204 steps.
•Central Dome: Diameter 65' at bottom (at bulging 70'-6"); height 49'; pinnacle 24 ft and neck 15 ft high.
•Side Domes: Diameter 51'-6" (at bulging 54'-2"); height 32 ft; pinnacle 19 ft; neck 9'-6" high.
•Gateway: 66'-7" x 62'-10" x 65 high including domelets; vault 21'-6" x 32'-6" high. Its three sided approach steps are 22 in number.
•Side aisles (Dalans): 80 in number. Height above floor 23'-9"; plinth 2'-7".
•Central Tank: 50' x 50' x 3' deep (Area: 2,500 ft2)