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The Gäuboden is a region in Lower Bavaria that covers an area about 15 kilometers wide south of the River Danube and the Bavarian Forest, beginning opposite Wörth an der Donau and stretching as far as Künzing. The largest town in the region is Straubing, which is often called the center of the Gäuboden. The Gäuboden is one of the largest loess regions in southern Germany and thus became a center of industrialized farming. As a consequence, only few hedges or alleys survived. Even solitary trees, like this one, are rare.
A locomotive on Mount Brocken in the background the dying forest. 150 years of mono culture and acid rain killed larger parts of the whole forest in the Harz Mountains. Shot from my 2020 black and white street photography set.
Sunbirds are small birds that belong to the family of spiderhunters. There are 132 species of sunbirds that can be found in Africa, Asia and Australia. Sunbirds inhabit forests, open scrublands, savannas, coastal areas, plantations, gardens and agricultural fields. Some species of sunbirds facilitate dispersal of parasitic plants, such as mistletoe, which decrease yield of commercially important plants. Seven species of sunbirds (mostly those that inhabit islands and remote or restricted areas) are endangered due to accelerated habitat loss (deforestation due to development of agriculture and industrialization).
Sunbirds can reach 4 to 10 inches in length and 0.2 to 1.6 ounces of weight. Males are larger than females.
Sunbirds are brightly colored birds, covered with various combination of green, purple, blue, red and yellow feathers. Males are more intensely colored than females (plumage often has metallic sheen).
Sunbirds have thin, downward curved bill and tubular tongue covered with bristles. They have direct, fast type of flight thanks to short wings and long tail (longer in males).
Sunbirds are diurnal birds (active during the day).
Diet of sunbirds is based mostly on nectar. They occasionally consume fruit, insects and spiders. Insects are basic source of food for the young birds (they provide proteins which are essential for growth and development).
Sunbirds can hover in front of the flowers (like hummingbirds) or perch on the branches when they extract nectar from the flowers. Despite great similarity with hummingbirds, sunbirds and hummingbirds are not closely related. Similar morphology is result of convergent evolution: unrelated species develop same morpho-anatomical features due to similar lifestyle.
Sunbirds play important role in the pollination of many tubular flowers (bees and butterflies cannot reach nectar hidden on the bottom of the "tube").
Sunbirds are non-migratory birds (sedentary birds). They reside in same habitats all year round and travel short distances toward the areas that provide more food.
Some species of sunbirds decrease body temperature and lower their metabolic rate during the night. State of decreased physiological activity, known as torpor, preserves energy.
Sunbirds produce unpleasant, insect-like calls for communication. This is one of the reasons why these birds are not popular as cage birds.
Sunbirds live in pairs or small family groups. Males are often territorial and aggressive.
Mating season of sunbirds takes place during the wet period of year. Formed couples of sunbirds mate for a lifetime (monogamous birds).
Female lays 1 to 3 eggs in the purse-shaped nest made of plant fibers, moss and spider webs. Nest hangs from the branches and holds eggs 18 to 19 days (until they hatch). Both parents participate in the rearing of the chicks.
Cuckoos and honeyguides often lay eggs in the nest of sunbirds.
Sunbirds can survive up to 7 years in the wild.
Thousands of years ago, the area’s native people inhabited Antelope Island; some of their prehistoric artifacts have been found at the ranch. In modern times, the ranch house is the oldest Anglo building still standing on its original foundation in Utah.
Fielding Garr Ranch is located at Garr Springs. Indigenous people and wildlife used this water source long before Fielding Garr built the ranch.
The first permanent structure at this site was a small log cabin built in 1848 by Fielding Garr. Garr had been assigned by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) to establish a ranch on the island as a stronghold for managing the church tithing herds. Within two years, Garr had expanded the ranch compound to include the adobe ranch house and other out buildings. The ranch was continually inhabited from that time until 1981.
The LDS Church operated the ranch until the mid-1870s. During this era, ranching operations encompassed the entire island. In 1869, the railroad came to Utah, and with it came the first federal surveys of the land. Because the only improvements on the island were around the ranch itself, the federal government opened the rest of the island to homesteading. By the turn of the century, most of the homesteaders had failed to prove their claims. John Dooly Sr., and enterprising businessman and rancher, purchased the entire island and a price of $1,000,000 (approximately $27,800,000 in 2018), and it became the home of his Island Improvement Company.
The ranching operation continued uninterrupted through several owners. Just after the turn of the 20th century, the focus of the ranch turned to sheep. Under the direction of John Dooly Jr., the sheep operation expanded to more than 10,000 sheep to become one of the largest and most industrialized ranching efforts in the western United States. When sheep ranching became unprofitable in the 1950s due to a failing wool market, the operation turned again to cattle. The island ranch continued to function as part of one of the largest commercial cattle operations in the state until the island became a state park in 1981.
I wanna meet a friend
In a bar tonight
The evening is long
So long I hardly move
A can in my hand
A picture in my mind
A voice I need to hear
A laugh I need to show
We're lonely, babe
In a boat, again
🎧 In a Bar
✈ Location - Elysion
__________________________________________________
C R E D I T S
▷ Skirt - Vision - Shade Skirt - December Group Gift @ Mainstore
▷ Boots - Breathe - Fiona Heels @ FaMESHed
▷ Necklace - Just Because - Abby @ Paying it Forward
▷ Jacket - Blueberry - Ela - Fur Jacket @ Mainstore
▷ Hair - Doux - Megan
▷ Pose - Bauhaus Movement - Industrialized Consciousness 09 @ TLC
[- Outfit -]
☑ Group Gift
Body: CURELESS[+] Cadavre Exquis / GROUP GIFT
Body Piercing: [CX] Thoracic Hook - Abyss ' CerberusXing '
Ring: [CX] Aeshma's Reign (Maitreya+Black)
Hair: [RA] Amber Hair - Fatpack ' RunAway '
Mask: Le Morte - BunBun Mask - Black
Piercing: -SU!- Bento Piercing Set 03 ' Suicidal Unborn '
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Halo: *{( konpeitou )}* rose halo [noir]
Eyes: ANTINATURAL[+] Post-Human / Unholy Sight / EYE @Gacha
Nails: *PL* bento nail #044 ' PINK LION '
Tattoo: -[TWC]- Survivor. ' The White Crow '
Pose: Bauhaus Movement - Industrialized Consciousness 55
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☑ Eclipse
Fox: {-Maru Kado-} Skull head Fox_black
Cage: DISORDERLY. / Antiqued / Key Cage @Gacha
Tree: LB_GiantCedar{Animated}*Seasons_Box ' Little Branch '
Blog...~ le soleil ~
For more information have to blog <33
Thanks so much for your time !!
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Genesis 11:2-4
New International Version
2 As people moved eastward, they found a plain in Shinar and settled there.
3 They said to each other, “Come, let’s make bricks and bake them thoroughly.” They used brick instead of stone, and tar for mortar. 4 Then they said, “Come, let us build ourselves a city, with a tower that reaches to the heavens, so that we may make a name for ourselves; otherwise we will be scattered over the face of the whole earth.”
Former parish church of the village of Pfersee near Augsburg, which has been part of the city since 1911. From 1907 to 1910, a new and much larger parish church, namely the Herz-Jesu Kirche, was built because the population had grown enormously due to industrialization.
St. Michael was rebuilt in 1685 on the remains of a medieval church. The onion-shaped tower dome from 1693 was constructed by Hans Georg Mozart, a master mason from Augsburg in the Baroque period and great-granduncle of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, whose ancestors all originate from the Augsburg area.
The Dutch Open Air Museum near Arnhem came about thanks to the historian F. A. Hoefer, who in April 1912 suggested the plan to build an open air museum, following similar museums he had visited in Scandinavia. Due to industrialization and urbanization, regional differences disappeared and traditions and crafts threatened to be lost. By moving historically important buildings to a museum site, where knowledgeable people show visitors how people used to live and work, the past can be kept alive. The "Vereniging voor Volkskunde Het Nederlands Openluchtmuseum" was founded that same month, and it opened its doors on July 13, 1918.
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Het Nederlands Openluchtmuseum bij Arnhem kwam tot stand mede dankzij de historicus F. A Hoefer., die in april 1912 het plan opperde om een openluchtmuseum te bouwen, in navolging van soortgelijke musea die hij in Scandinavië had bezocht. Door industrialisatie en verstedelijking verdwenen de regionale verschillen en dreigden tradities en ambachten verloren te gaan. Door historisch belangrijke gebouwen naar een museumterrein te verplaatsen, waar mensen met kennis van zaken aan bezoekers tonen hoe men vroeger leefde en werkte, kan het verleden levend worden gehouden. De "Vereniging voor Volkskunde Het Nederlands Openluchtmuseum" werd nog dezelfde maand opgericht, en deze opende op 13 juli 1918 haar deuren
Rothenburg only started to recover when, in 1873, it was connected to the German railway network. Prior to this, the city had been “rediscovered” by artists, writers and academics and was presented to a broader national and international public as the epitome of “old German” urban architecture. Tourism began to play a key role in the town’s economic life. Industrialization also made its mark, albeit at a modest level, the population increased and the town prospered.
From 1871 onwards, a small Jewish community settled in Rothenburg once again. The expulsion of this group in 1938 was a black day in the history of the town, which was glorified by the Third Reich as a perfect example of German culture from 1933 onwards. Another black day came in the shape of an American air raid during the last weeks of World War II, when around 45 per cent of the old walled town was destroyed. The successful rebuilding of the town in the post-war period is the most significant achievement in Rothenburg’s recent history.
Parc Gallet La Chaux-de-Fonds 21 10 2015 33
Merci à A.Raphaël.
Léon L. Gallet (1832–1899), watchmaker, entrepreneur, philanthropist, and past family patriarch of the Gallet Watch Company of Switzerland,[1] is considered as one of the primary architects and founders of the 19th century industrialization of the Swiss watchmaking industry.
The son of Julien Gallet (1806–1849), who moved the family watchmaking business from Geneva, Switzerland, to the manufacturing district of La Chaux-de-Fonds in 1826, Léon L. Gallet was responsible for the creation of numerous Swiss and American watch brands.[2] Among these was the prestigious Fabrique Electa, which became the upscale line of the jewelry department at Macy’s Department store in New York City during the first quarter of the 20th century. Léon L. Gallet also established the brands National Park, Continental Watch Company, Jerome Park, Bridgeport, Eureka, Commodore, Union Square, and Lady Racine.[3] While the appearance and function of many of Gallet’s timepieces were tailored to the tastes of the American consumers, all of the movements in these watches were manufactured in Switzerland.
Léon Gallet played a philanthropic role in the business, cultural, and social life of his native home. As well as his prominent position as a member of both the legislature of Neuchâtel and the Council of La Chaux-de-Fonds, he was for many years, the president of the Société des Amis des Arts (Fine Arts Society) and Grand Master of the Free Masons. Together with Louis & Jules Courvoisier, Ernest Francillon of Longines, and Constant Girard-Perregaux, Léon Gallet founded the Société Intercantonale des Industries du Jura (Intercantonal Society for the Industries of the Jura Area) in 1876. The purpose of this organization was to assist in the promotion and distribution of products from Switzerland's Watch Valley while addressing the growing threat of competition in European markets from American watch manufacturers.
Upon his death in 1899, Léon Gallet bequeathed a sum of 43,000 Swiss Francs (today equivalent to 1,000,000 Swiss Francs or approx. 1,000,000 US dollars) to his hometown of La Chaux-de-Fonds, of which 25,000 Swiss Francs were earmarked to build the Musée International d'Horlogerie (International Watch Making Museum).[4] Donated by Léon Gallet’s son Georges, the museum’s collection was started with a body of over 100 of Gallet's most complicated and valuable timepieces, including the world's first wristwatch produced for mass consumption in 1892. The balance of the bequeathed funds was used to construct the Musée des beaux-arts de La Chaux-de-Fonds (Beaux Arts Museum of La-Chaux-de-Fonds), designed by renowned painter Charles l’Eplattenier and architect René Chapallaz, Le Corbusier's architecture teacher.
Prior to his passing, Léon Gallet commissioned René Chapallaz, to design "Villa Gallet". Situated in "Parc Gallet" in the southern part of La Chaux-de-Fonds, "Villa Gallet" still retains its original name and is considered as an important historic contribution to the Swiss Art Nouveau movement of the late 19th century.
This informations was found at : Wikipédia.
Thousands of years ago, the area’s native people inhabited Antelope Island; some of their prehistoric artifacts have been found at the ranch. In modern times, the ranch house is the oldest Anglo building still standing on its original foundation in Utah.
Fielding Garr Ranch is located at Garr Springs. Indigenous people and wildlife used this water source long before Fielding Garr built the ranch.
The first permanent structure at this site was a small log cabin built in 1848 by Fielding Garr. Garr had been assigned by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) to establish a ranch on the island as a stronghold for managing the church tithing herds. Within two years, Garr had expanded the ranch compound to include the adobe ranch house and other out buildings. The ranch was continually inhabited from that time until 1981.
The LDS Church operated the ranch until the mid-1870s. During this era, ranching operations encompassed the entire island. In 1869, the railroad came to Utah, and with it came the first federal surveys of the land. Because the only improvements on the island were around the ranch itself, the federal government opened the rest of the island to homesteading. By the turn of the century, most of the homesteaders had failed to prove their claims. John Dooly Sr., and enterprising businessman and rancher, purchased the entire island and a price of $1,000,000 (approximately $27,800,000 in 2018), and it became the home of his Island Improvement Company.
The ranching operation continued uninterrupted through several owners. Just after the turn of the 20th century, the focus of the ranch turned to sheep. Under the direction of John Dooly Jr., the sheep operation expanded to more than 10,000 sheep to become one of the largest and most industrialized ranching efforts in the western United States. When sheep ranching became unprofitable in the 1950s due to a failing wool market, the operation turned again to cattle. The island ranch continued to function as part of one of the largest commercial cattle operations in the state until the island became a state park in 1981.
Saint-Jorioz, Haute-Savoie, Auvernia-Ródano-Alpes, France.
Saint-Jorioz es una ciudad de Haute-Savoie, en la región de Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, a unos diez kilómetros al sur de Annecy.
El territorio del municipio de un área de 21 km² se encuentra parcialmente en las montañas medias y altas, limita al oeste con el macizo de Semnoz que se eleva a 1660 m de altitud y al este con la orilla oeste del Lago de Annecy (443 m sobre el nivel del mar).
Habitado desde el Neolítico, vestigios de aldeas a orillas del lago que fueron descubiertos en la década de 1980, el sitio está atravesado por una vía romana en la antigüedad, pero una primera aldea no se desarrolló realmente en el siglo IX con el establecimiento de un priorato
Compuesta por muchas aldeas, la localidad que vive hasta entonces de la agricultura y la pesca se industrializa con el establecimiento de tileries que no cesaron su actividad hasta 1953. Mientras tanto, Saint-Jorioz que pertenecía al Ducado de Saboya tiene Fue adscrito a Francia en 1860.
La proximidad de Annecy y el desarrollo del turismo relacionado con el lago y las estaciones de deportes de invierno que lo rodean durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX impulsan la demografía de la ciudad, que ahora cuenta con casi 6.000 habitantes.
Su playa, su puerto, su ocio relacionado con su entorno preservado hacen de Saint-Jorioz, que pertenece al Parque Natural Regional del Massif des Bauges, un paso o un popular destino turístico.
Saint-Jorioz is a town in Haute-Savoie, in the Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes region, about ten kilometers south of Annecy.
The territory of the municipality of an area of 21 km² is located partly in the middle and high mountains, bounded to the west by the Semnoz massif which rises to 1660 m altitude and to the east by the west shore of Lake Annecy (443 m above sea level).
Inhabited since Neolithic times, traces of lakeside villages that were discovered in the 1980s, the site is crossed by a Roman road in antiquity, but a first village did not really develop in the 9th century with the establishment of a priory
Composed of many villages, the town that lived until then from agriculture and fishing became industrialized with the establishment of tileries that did not cease their activity until 1953. Meanwhile, Saint-Jorioz which belonged to the Duchy of Savoy has been attached to France in 1860.
The proximity of Annecy and the development of tourism related to the lake and the winter sports resorts that surround it during the second half of the 20th century boost the demography of the city, which now numbers almost 6,000 inhabitants.
Its beach, its port, its leisure linked to its preserved environment make Saint-Jorioz, which belongs to the Massif des Bauges Regional Natural Park, a step or a popular tourist destination.
St. Petersburg is famous as a city of palaces and cathedrals, of emperors and poets. For over two centuries, however, it was also Russia's main industrial centre, home to many of the country's largest plants and factories.
Although less celebrated, this aspect of the city's life has produced some extraordinary architecture, particularly in the boom years of industrialization in the late 19th century. Near the old city limits along and around the Obvodny Canal, there are numerous masterpieces of industrial architecture, and even in the city centre there are several former factories and warehouses that deserve the attention of visitors.
Europe, The Netherlands, Noord Brabant, Den Bosch, Design museum, 'Goth - designing darkness' exhibition (uncut)
The 'Goth – designing darkness' exhibition explores the dark side of the human mind and the human imagination & culture. The side that’s both fascinated and fearful of death, the occult and supernatural phenomena. That fascination has always been there. But in the middle of the 18th century, it came to the forefront due to the anxiety about the changing of society thru rapid urbanization and early industrialization. It was translated in funerary culture, painting and the plastic arts. It would later develop into the neurasthenia of the beginning of the 20th century. And literature brought us Mary Shelley (Frankenstein). In architecture Neo-Gothicism appeared too. It basically never went away. So it still inspires contemporary photography, cinema, video clips (Anton Corbijn), popular music (Siouxsie & the Banshees) and fashion. The exhibition offers an intriguing and eclectic historical overview. Displaying film clips featuring Bela Lugosi a.o. alongside Cuypers' neo-gothic architectural drawings.
Check it out and hurry, the exhibition closes on April 18.
This large model (beginning 20th century) shown here is informed by the fear of the urban with it high density and loss of individuality.
This is number 272 of the Museum album.
The Dutch Open Air Museum near Arnhem came about thanks to the historian F. A. Hoefer, who in April 1912 suggested the plan to build an open air museum, following similar museums he had visited in Scandinavia. Due to industrialization and urbanization, regional differences disappeared and traditions and crafts threatened to be lost. By moving historically important buildings to a museum site, where knowledgeable people show visitors how people used to live and work, the past can be kept alive. The "Vereniging voor Volkskunde Het Nederlands Openluchtmuseum" was founded that same month, and it opened its doors on July 13, 1918.
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Het Nederlands Openluchtmuseum bij Arnhem kwam tot stand mede dankzij de historicus F. A Hoefer., die in april 1912 het plan opperde om een openluchtmuseum te bouwen, in navolging van soortgelijke musea die hij in Scandinavië had bezocht. Door industrialisatie en verstedelijking verdwenen de regionale verschillen en dreigden tradities en ambachten verloren te gaan. Door historisch belangrijke gebouwen naar een museumterrein te verplaatsen, waar mensen met kennis van zaken aan bezoekers tonen hoe men vroeger leefde en werkte, kan het verleden levend worden gehouden. De "Vereniging voor Volkskunde Het Nederlands Openluchtmuseum" werd nog dezelfde maand opgericht, en deze opende op 13 juli 1918 haar deuren
This is a reworking of "Swansea Bay: Where the sea meets the clouds" (flic.kr/p/2ncGfgk). This time I have stitched some of the photographs I took later that day into a panorama, and put less emphasis on the clouds post-production.
As before, the image tries to capture the expanse of Swansea Bay, as seen from Mumbles, at low tide. To the left of the picture is the town of Mumbles, which is on the western edge of the bay. The City of Swansea and the Meridian Tower (flic.kr/p/2ndfB2Q) is in the center of the image, while to the right, hidden under the cloud, lies the river Neath, Baglan Bay, and the industrialized area around Port Talbot.
The Dutch Open Air Museum near Arnhem came about thanks to the historian F. A. Hoefer, who in April 1912 suggested the plan to build an open air museum, following similar museums he had visited in Scandinavia. Due to industrialization and urbanization, regional differences disappeared and traditions and crafts threatened to be lost. By moving historically important buildings to a museum site, where knowledgeable people show visitors how people used to live and work, the past can be kept alive. The "Vereniging voor Volkskunde Het Nederlands Openluchtmuseum" was founded that same month, and it opened its doors on July 13, 1918.
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Het Nederlands Openluchtmuseum bij Arnhem kwam tot stand mede dankzij de historicus F. A Hoefer., die in april 1912 het plan opperde om een openluchtmuseum te bouwen, in navolging van soortgelijke musea die hij in Scandinavië had bezocht. Door industrialisatie en verstedelijking verdwenen de regionale verschillen en dreigden tradities en ambachten verloren te gaan. Door historisch belangrijke gebouwen naar een museumterrein te verplaatsen, waar mensen met kennis van zaken aan bezoekers tonen hoe men vroeger leefde en werkte, kan het verleden levend worden gehouden. De "Vereniging voor Volkskunde Het Nederlands Openluchtmuseum" werd nog dezelfde maand opgericht, en deze opende op 13 juli 1918 haar deuren
Conrail Alco 's and MLW's from CN (leased to CR during the early years of the merger ) mingle with Cleveland Electric GP38s at the Mingo Jct. diesel service tracks.
As I took the shot the sun actually broke through the gloom. creating a welcome splash of color contrasting with the normally grey industrialized environment .
Mingo Jct. Mingo Jct. OH
Valley Division Central Region CR 1976
Peat, also known as turf, is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation or organic matter. It is unique to natural areas called peatlands, bogs, mires, moors, or muskegs.
The peatland ecosystem is the most efficient carbon sink on the planet, because peatland plants capture CO2 naturally released from the peat, maintaining an equilibrium. In natural peatlands, the "annual rate of biomass production is greater than the rate of decomposition", but it takes "thousands of years for peatlands to develop the deposits of 1.5 to 2.3 m [4.9 to 7.5 ft], which is the average depth of the boreal [northern] peatlands".
Sphagnum moss, also called peat moss, is one of the most common components in peat, although many other plants can contribute. The biological features of Sphagnum mosses act to create a habitat aiding peat formation, a phenomenon termed 'habitat manipulation'. Soils consisting primarily of peat are known as histosols. Peat forms in wetland conditions, where flooding or stagnant water obstructs the flow of oxygen from the atmosphere, slowing the rate of decomposition.
Peatlands, particularly bogs, are the primary source of peat, although less-common wetlands including fens, pocosins, and peat swamp forests also deposit peat. Landscapes covered in peat are home to specific kinds of plants including Sphagnum moss, ericaceous shrubs, and sedges (see bog for more information on this aspect of peat). Because organic matter accumulates over thousands of years, peat deposits provide records of past vegetation and climate by preserving plant remains, such as pollen. This allows the reconstruction of past environments and study changes in land use.
Peat is harvested as an important source of fuel in certain parts of the world. By volume, there are about 4 trillion cubic metres (5.2 trillion cubic yards) of peat in the world, covering a total of around 2% of the global land area (about 3 million square kilometres or 1.2 million square miles), containing about 8 billion terajoules of energy. Over time, the formation of peat is often the first step in the geological formation of other fossil fuels such as coal, particularly low-grade coal such as lignite.
Depending on the agency, peat is not generally regarded as a renewable source of energy, due to its extraction rate in industrialized countries far exceeding its slow regrowth rate of 1 mm per year, and as it is also reported that peat regrowth takes place only in 30-40% of peatlands. Because of this, the UNFCCC, and another organization affiliated with the United Nations classified peat as a fossil fuel.
However, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has begun to classify peat as a "slowly renewable" fuel. This is also the classification used by many in the peat industry. At 106 g CO2/MJ, the carbon dioxide emission intensity of peat is higher than that of coal (at 94.6 g CO2/MJ) and natural gas (at 56.1) (IPCC).
Butte began in the late 1800s as a gold and silver mining camp. At the turn of the century, the development of electricity and the industrialization of America resulted in a massive copper boom, and Butte flourished. As copper mining ramped up and the city grew, it attracted workers from all over the globe, creating a unique cosmopolitan setting against the backdrop of the Continental Divide of the Rocky Mountains. The influx of miners also gave Butte its hardscrabble reputation as a place where anything was possible, spawning a famous saloon and red light district, 'Venus Alley,' along Mercury Street. Today the main remnant of the wild old days is the Dumas Brothel, which operated until 1982, but the cultures of the many ethnic groups who came to work in Butte can still be found throughout the community, primarily in foods like the Cornish pasty, Slavic povitica and Scandinavian lefse, just to name a few.
The increasing demand for copper caused the copper mining industry in Butte to become one of the first centralized and industrialized businesses in the world. By the first decade of the 1900s,
The consolidation of mining interests placed heavy demands on the immigrant workers who toiled in the mines under harsh conditions. This situation led Butte to the forefront of labor organization and unionism, and it was one of the first cities in the world where the battle between labor and management played out.
Strikes and other conflicts sometimes turned violent, and conflicts were not only labor vs management. At times, unions vying for control turned against one another. Tensions broke loose during flashpoint events, such as the dynamiting of the Butte Miner's Union Hall in 1914 and the lynching of labor activist and International Workers of the World(IWW) organizer Frank Little in 1917. At the peak of the labor conflict, martial law was declared in Butte from 1914 until 1921, the longest period of military occupation in the U.S. since the reconstruction era.
While numbers vary, the Butte population peaked in 1920 at more than 60,000. Some reports claim as many as 100,000 lived in the area. However, increasing industrialization of the mining process caused the town's growth to level off and then enter a long period of decline that became the most pronounced in 1955 with the opening of the Berkeley Pit. The Pit marked a transition from primarily underground mining to the much less labor-intensive open pit mining.
The Berkeley Pit operated until 1982, when increasing costs and low copper prices resulted in a full shutdown. Most underground mines had been closed in the 1970s, so for the first time in its history, Butte was a mining town without a mine. During the 1980s, the population declined before stabilizing around 32,000 in the early 1990s.
High energy costs and low copper prices again caused mining to cease in 2000, but the closure did not last long. Montana Resources resumed operations at the Continental Pit in 2002 on the heels of sharply rising copper prices, and that facility continues to operate today.
The late 1990s and early 21st century also marked a turning point for the mining-scarred environment of Butte. While the city still bears many prominent visual remnants of mining, the environmental effects of that century of industry are being actively remediated and restored through the federal Superfund program and a unique State of Montana lawsuit against the responsible companies. The net result is over $1 billion (yes, billion) dollars toward environmental restoration in the Butte area,
ENG: A frontal view of the anonymity of the metropolis Berlin. Industrialized Apartment Block idyll in the Berlin district of Reinickendorf.
GER: Ein frontal Blick auf die Anonymität der Metropole Berlin. Plattenbau idylle im Berliner Bezirke Reinickendorf.
Merci à A.Raphaël.
Léon L. Gallet (1832–1899), watchmaker, entrepreneur, philanthropist, and past family patriarch of the Gallet Watch Company of Switzerland,[1] is considered as one of the primary architects and founders of the 19th century industrialization of the Swiss watchmaking industry.
The son of Julien Gallet (1806–1849), who moved the family watchmaking business from Geneva, Switzerland, to the manufacturing district of La Chaux-de-Fonds in 1826, Léon L. Gallet was responsible for the creation of numerous Swiss and American watch brands.[2] Among these was the prestigious Fabrique Electa, which became the upscale line of the jewelry department at Macy’s Department store in New York City during the first quarter of the 20th century. Léon L. Gallet also established the brands National Park, Continental Watch Company, Jerome Park, Bridgeport, Eureka, Commodore, Union Square, and Lady Racine.[3] While the appearance and function of many of Gallet’s timepieces were tailored to the tastes of the American consumers, all of the movements in these watches were manufactured in Switzerland.
Léon Gallet played a philanthropic role in the business, cultural, and social life of his native home. As well as his prominent position as a member of both the legislature of Neuchâtel and the Council of La Chaux-de-Fonds, he was for many years, the president of the Société des Amis des Arts (Fine Arts Society) and Grand Master of the Free Masons. Together with Louis & Jules Courvoisier, Ernest Francillon of Longines, and Constant Girard-Perregaux, Léon Gallet founded the Société Intercantonale des Industries du Jura (Intercantonal Society for the Industries of the Jura Area) in 1876. The purpose of this organization was to assist in the promotion and distribution of products from Switzerland's Watch Valley while addressing the growing threat of competition in European markets from American watch manufacturers.
Upon his death in 1899, Léon Gallet bequeathed a sum of 43,000 Swiss Francs (today equivalent to 1,000,000 Swiss Francs or approx. 1,000,000 US dollars) to his hometown of La Chaux-de-Fonds, of which 25,000 Swiss Francs were earmarked to build the Musée International d'Horlogerie (International Watch Making Museum).[4] Donated by Léon Gallet’s son Georges, the museum’s collection was started with a body of over 100 of Gallet's most complicated and valuable timepieces, including the world's first wristwatch produced for mass consumption in 1892. The balance of the bequeathed funds was used to construct the Musée des beaux-arts de La Chaux-de-Fonds (Beaux Arts Museum of La-Chaux-de-Fonds), designed by renowned painter Charles l’Eplattenier and architect René Chapallaz, Le Corbusier's architecture teacher.
Prior to his passing, Léon Gallet commissioned René Chapallaz, to design "Villa Gallet". Situated in "Parc Gallet" in the southern part of La Chaux-de-Fonds, "Villa Gallet" still retains its original name and is considered as an important historic contribution to the Swiss Art Nouveau movement of the late 19th century.
This informations was found at : Wikipédia.
A long Louisville & Indiana grain train snakes through an industrialized section of Louisville, KY as it shoves back under I-64 and along the waterfront at 18th Street. The cut will eventually interchange with NS at "DI Tower" interlocking.
It's nice to see the old and new paint schemes working together for a little while longer. Note the camera mounted above the left number board.
Butte began in the late 1800s as a gold and silver mining camp. At the turn of the century, the development of electricity and the industrialization of America resulted in a massive copper boom, and Butte flourished. As copper mining ramped up and the city grew, it attracted workers from all over the globe, creating a unique cosmopolitan setting against the backdrop of the Continental Divide of the Rocky Mountains. The influx of miners also gave Butte its hardscrabble reputation as a place where anything was possible, spawning a famous saloon and red light district, 'Venus Alley,' along Mercury Street. Today the main remnant of the wild old days is the Dumas Brothel, which operated until 1982, but the cultures of the many ethnic groups who came to work in Butte can still be found throughout the community, primarily in foods like the Cornish pasty, Slavic povitica and Scandinavian lefse, just to name a few.
The increasing demand for copper caused the copper mining industry in Butte to become one of the first centralized and industrialized businesses in the world. By the first decade of the 1900s,
The consolidation of mining interests placed heavy demands on the immigrant workers who toiled in the mines under harsh conditions. This situation led Butte to the forefront of labor organization and unionism, and it was one of the first cities in the world where the battle between labor and management played out.
Strikes and other conflicts sometimes turned violent, and conflicts were not only labor vs management. At times, unions vying for control turned against one another. Tensions broke loose during flashpoint events, such as the dynamiting of the Butte Miner's Union Hall in 1914 and the lynching of labor activist and International Workers of the World(IWW) organizer Frank Little in 1917. At the peak of the labor conflict, martial law was declared in Butte from 1914 until 1921, the longest period of military occupation in the U.S. since the reconstruction era.
While numbers vary, the Butte population peaked in 1920 at more than 60,000. Some reports claim as many as 100,000 lived in the area. However, increasing industrialization of the mining process caused the town's growth to level off and then enter a long period of decline that became the most pronounced in 1955 with the opening of the Berkeley Pit. The Pit marked a transition from primarily underground mining to the much less labor-intensive open pit mining.
The Berkeley Pit operated until 1982, when increasing costs and low copper prices resulted in a full shutdown. Most underground mines had been closed in the 1970s, so for the first time in its history, Butte was a mining town without a mine. During the 1980s, the population declined before stabilizing around 32,000 in the early 1990s.
High energy costs and low copper prices again caused mining to cease in 2000, but the closure did not last long. Montana Resources resumed operations at the Continental Pit in 2002 on the heels of sharply rising copper prices, and that facility continues to operate today.
The late 1990s and early 21st century also marked a turning point for the mining-scarred environment of Butte. While the city still bears many prominent visual remnants of mining, the environmental effects of that century of industry are being actively remediated and restored through the federal Superfund program and a unique State of Montana lawsuit against the responsible companies. The net result is over $1 billion (yes, billion) dollars toward environmental restoration in the Butte area,
Gridalo is the title of Roberto Saviano's last book, an essay which is going to be among my favourites.
It is an exhortation to shout out one's indignation and to rebel against situations that one no longer wishes to tolerate.
With 30 short stories and reflexions about major figures in History, Mr Saviano, tries to help us to find our own way to escape the traps that have been surrounding us through centuries, to decipher all kind of manipulation and propaganda, or fake news; which should be the goal of every parent or teacher.
− it : www.bompiani.it/catalogo/gridalo-9788830109629
− fr : www.gallimard.fr/Catalogue/GALLIMARD/Hors-serie-Connaissa...
if you know about other translations, please post them in comment, thank you!
Visit this location at Hashima Island - a Skrunda sim in Second Life
Hashima Island
[Quote= wikipedia ] Hashima Island (端島, or simply Hashima, as -shima is a Japanese suffix for island), commonly called Gunkanjima (軍艦島, meaning Battleship Island), is a tiny abandoned island off Nagasaki, lying about 15 kilometres (8 nautical miles) from the centre of the city. It is one of 505 uninhabited islands in Nagasaki Prefecture. The island's most notable features are its abandoned concrete buildings, undisturbed except by nature, and the surrounding seawall. While the island is a symbol of the rapid industrialization of Japan, it is also a reminder of Japanese war crimes as a site of forced labour prior to and during World War II. [...]
Peat, also known as turf, is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation or organic matter. It is unique to natural areas called peatlands, bogs, mires, moors, or muskegs.
The peatland ecosystem is the most efficient carbon sink on the planet, because peatland plants capture CO2 naturally released from the peat, maintaining an equilibrium. In natural peatlands, the "annual rate of biomass production is greater than the rate of decomposition", but it takes "thousands of years for peatlands to develop the deposits of 1.5 to 2.3 m [4.9 to 7.5 ft], which is the average depth of the boreal [northern] peatlands".
Sphagnum moss, also called peat moss, is one of the most common components in peat, although many other plants can contribute. The biological features of Sphagnum mosses act to create a habitat aiding peat formation, a phenomenon termed 'habitat manipulation'. Soils consisting primarily of peat are known as histosols. Peat forms in wetland conditions, where flooding or stagnant water obstructs the flow of oxygen from the atmosphere, slowing the rate of decomposition.
Peatlands, particularly bogs, are the primary source of peat, although less-common wetlands including fens, pocosins, and peat swamp forests also deposit peat. Landscapes covered in peat are home to specific kinds of plants including Sphagnum moss, ericaceous shrubs, and sedges (see bog for more information on this aspect of peat). Because organic matter accumulates over thousands of years, peat deposits provide records of past vegetation and climate by preserving plant remains, such as pollen. This allows the reconstruction of past environments and study changes in land use.
Peat is harvested as an important source of fuel in certain parts of the world. By volume, there are about 4 trillion cubic metres (5.2 trillion cubic yards) of peat in the world, covering a total of around 2% of the global land area (about 3 million square kilometres or 1.2 million square miles), containing about 8 billion terajoules of energy. Over time, the formation of peat is often the first step in the geological formation of other fossil fuels such as coal, particularly low-grade coal such as lignite.
Depending on the agency, peat is not generally regarded as a renewable source of energy, due to its extraction rate in industrialized countries far exceeding its slow regrowth rate of 1 mm per year, and as it is also reported that peat regrowth takes place only in 30-40% of peatlands. Because of this, the UNFCCC, and another organization affiliated with the United Nations classified peat as a fossil fuel.
However, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has begun to classify peat as a "slowly renewable" fuel. This is also the classification used by many in the peat industry. At 106 g CO2/MJ, the carbon dioxide emission intensity of peat is higher than that of coal (at 94.6 g CO2/MJ) and natural gas (at 56.1) (IPCC).
Where Sumas Lake once existed industrialized farms now grow crops in the rich fertile soil of the former lake bottom. Here can be found turf farms, tulip growers, vegetable gardens along with irrigation streams and soil carved into perfectly straight rows.
The US is alone among industrialized nations in not having universal health care insurance. This car parade is being set up in my small town of Ukiah, California, to demonstrate in favor of a California bill that would change that.
A physical and material symbol of the industrialization of the big cities in the beginning of the 20th century, it was here that those that were going downtown parked their cars in the 1940s. A project by architect Mário Abreu, inaugurated in 1939, it is right in front of Porto’s Coliseum. The building has four floors and its lines are art deco, and it distinguishes itself by the neon sign that depicts the roads that would connected the north to the south of the country back then. The ground floor is occupied by services that kept changing along the years, but we can highlight the barbershop that resisted to the several transformations of society. On top of the building, on the fourth floor, the bar, cultural association and residency space Maus Hábitos settled around the year 2000 – it is the apartment space with a privileged view over the city of Porto.
Als physisches und materielles Symbol der Industrialisierung der Großstädte zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts parkten hier in den 1940er Jahren die Autos, die in die Innenstadt fuhren. Das 1939 eingeweihte Projekt des Architekten Mário Abreu befindet sich direkt gegenüber dem Kolosseum von Porto. Das vierstöckige Gebäude ist im Art-déco-Stil gehalten und zeichnet sich durch eine Leuchtreklame aus, auf der die Straßen dargestellt sind, die damals den Norden mit dem Süden des Landes verbanden. Im Erdgeschoss befinden sich Dienstleistungen, die sich im Laufe der Jahre immer wieder änderten, wobei der Friseurladen hervorzuheben ist, der den verschiedenen gesellschaftlichen Veränderungen standhielt. Auf dem Dach des Gebäudes, im vierten Stock, hat sich um das Jahr 2000 die Bar, Kulturvereinigung und Wohnstätte Maus Hábitos niedergelassen - eine Wohnung mit einem privilegierten Blick auf die Stadt Porto.
openhouseporto
Former coal mine Consolidation (reflection)
Die Zeche bestand von 1848-1993. Das Verbundbergwerk Consolidation/Nordstern verfügte über 15 Schächte. Die Hauptfördersohlen lagen bei 1040 m (Nordschacht) und 1100 m (Consolidation). Das Verbundbergwerk erzielte 1988 noch eine Förderung von 3,4 Mill. t.
Der Grund warum viele Zechen im Ruhrgebiet einen englichen Namen haben liegt darin begründet, das die Industrialisierung ab Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts häufig von englischen und irischen Unternehmern finanziert wurde. Englische Ingenieurskunst im Schachtbau war damals unglaublich weit fortgeschritten. Daher stammen auch Zechennamen wie Consolidation, Erin, Hibernia oder Shamrock.Ein Name ist besonders mit dem Ruhrgebiet verbunden: Thomas Mulvany, ein irischer Unternehmer nach dem viele Strassen und Plätze benannt wurden.
The mine existed from 1848-1993. The consolidated mine Consolidation / Nordstern had 15 shafts. The main production levels were 1040 m (north shaft) and 1100 m (Consolidation). In 1988 the composite mine still achieved a production of 3.4 million t.
The reason why many mines in the Ruhr area have an English name is due to the fact that the industrialization from the middle of the 19th century was often financed by English and Irish entrepreneurs. English engineering in shaft construction was incredibly advanced at the time. This is where mining names such as Consolidation, Erin, Hibernia or Shamrock come from. One name is particularly associated with the Ruhr area: Thomas Mulvany, an Irish entrepreneur after whom many streets and squares were named.
ENG: The big anonymity in a big city. So many windows that light up in the evening. Everyone is so close and yet so far away. The Industrialized Apartment Block idyll in the Berlin district of Reinickendorf.
GER: Die große Anonymität in einer Millionenstadt. So viele Fenster die abends Leuchten. Alle sind sich so nah und doch so fern. Die Plattenbau idylle im Berliner Bezirke Reinickendorf.
Explore Date: Mar. 06, 2021
Ranking: 430
Un'idea del mondo industrializzato di 100-150 anni fa.
An idea of the industrialized world of 100-150 years ago.
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naviglireloading.eu/le-filature-de-schappe/
www.scoprirozzano.info/storia_filature.html
milanoneisecoli.blogspot.com/2015/02/le-filatures-de-scha...
The Zeche Zollern II/IV (translated: Zollern II/IV Colliery) is located in the northwestern suburb of Bövinghausen of Dortmund, Germany. The Gelsenkirchener Bergwerks-AG projected Zollern in 1898 as a model colliery.
Ground up construction began in 1898 on a new site. Most of the buildings of the colliery were built in solid brickwork by the architect Paul Knobbe and were completed in 1904 with the central engine house, in which the most up-to-date generators and machinery used in the colliery were housed. The architecture and state-of-the-art technology support the transition of Gothic-revival to Art Nouveau and the industrialization of the early 1900s.
Due to deadline pressure, the central engine house was built in iron framework construction with infilling of red brickwork, planned and executed by the Gutehoffnungshütte. The Art Nouveau styled main entrance was designed by the Berlin architect Bruno Möhring, it shows a lead glazing of blue, green and-glass. Counterpart of the main entrance is the big control board of polished marble in brass mounting, with a brass clock hanging from above.
Other buildings on the site include administration bureaus, blacksmith's shop and carpenter's shop, first-aid and fire station with stable, pithead baths, tools store and the central gateway.
In 1969, three years after it closed down, the colliery was recognized as Germany's first technical building monument of international importance. Since 1981, it has been the headquarters of the Westphalian Industrial Museum.
The original pit frames had been scrapped before 1969, two similar constructions from other collieries were reconstructed on this site in the 1980s.
The museum is an anchor point on the European Route of Industrial Heritage.
Kommentar nicht möglich-comment disabled
Der aus dem 16. Jahrhundert stammende Fresenhof (Nienburg/Weser)wurde 2014 umfangreich modernisiert. Seit der Neueröffnung zeigt die Dauerausstellung einen chronologischen Rundgang durch die Archäologie der Region sowie die Stadtgeschichte Nienburgs. Es sind drei Ausstellungsbereiche eingerichtet: Paläolithikum bis Frühmittelalter, Mittelalter bis Gegenwart und das Schaudepot, in dem Exponate aus der Frühzeit der Industrialisierung Nienburgs gezeigt werden. Außerdem finden hier Sonderausstellungen statt.
The 16th century Fresenhof (Nienburg/Weser) was extensively modernized in 2014. Since its reopening, the permanent exhibition has shown a chronological tour through the archeology of the region and the history of Nienburg. Three exhibition areas have been set up: the Paleolithic to the Early Middle Ages, the Middle Ages to the present day, and the display depot, in which exhibits from the early days of Nienburg's industrialization are shown. There are also special exhibitions here.
(Wikipedia)
All of the industrialized section of the picture is in Bayonne, New Jersey and the area of dark blue and green is Staten Island which is connected by the dark colored Bayonne Bridge, All further land in the distance is in New Jersey.
SONY A7 II + Sonnar T* FE 55mm F1.8 ZA
Can we stop global warming?
蘇澳鎮龍德工業區
Long Te Industrial Park, Yilan County, Taiwan
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For iron smelting, iron ore and additives were continuously transported in wagons by the inclined lift to the filling openings of six blast furnaces, located 27 metres higher up.
Völklinger Hütte, Völklingen
Saarland, Germany 14 .04.2025
voelklinger-huette.org/en/weltkulturerbe/orte-und-schaupl...
Schrägaufzug
Für die Eisenverhüttung wurden Eisenerz und Zuschlagsstoffe in Loren mit dem Schrägaufzug durchlaufend auf das 27 Meter höher gelegene Niveau der Einfüllöffnungen von sechs Hochöfen gebracht.
Völklinger Hütte, Völklingen
Saarland, Deutschland 14.04.2025
voelklinger-huette.org/de/weltkulturerbe/orte-und-schaupl...
The Zeche Zollern II/IV (translated: Zollern II/IV Colliery) is located in the northwestern suburb of Bövinghausen of Dortmund, Germany. The Gelsenkirchener Bergwerks-AG projected Zollern in 1898 as a model colliery.
Ground up construction began in 1898 on a new site. Most of the buildings of the colliery were built in solid brickwork by the architect Paul Knobbe and were completed in 1904 with the central engine house, in which the most up-to-date generators and machinery used in the colliery were housed. The architecture and state-of-the-art technology support the transition of Gothic-revival to Art Nouveau and the industrialization of the early 1900s.
Due to deadline pressure, the central engine house was built in iron framework construction with infilling of red brickwork, planned and executed by the Gutehoffnungshütte. The Art Nouveau styled main entrance was designed by the Berlin architect Bruno Möhring, it shows a lead glazing of blue, green and-glass. Counterpart of the main entrance is the big control board of polished marble in brass mounting, with a brass clock hanging from above.
Other buildings on the site include administration bureaus, blacksmith's shop and carpenter's shop, first-aid and fire station with stable, pithead baths, tools store and the central gateway.
In 1969, three years after it closed down, the colliery was recognized as Germany's first technical building monument of international importance. Since 1981, it has been the headquarters of the Westphalian Industrial Museum.
The original pit frames had been scrapped before 1969, two similar constructions from other collieries were reconstructed on this site in the 1980s.
The museum is an anchor point on the European Route of Industrial Heritage.
Otto Haesler (1880–1962)
German pioneer of industrialized housing construction and member of Der Ring from 1926. He designed buildings on the Dammerstock Estate, Karlsruhe (1927–8), collaborating with Gropius, and also designed numerous Modern Movement developments at Celle (1920–31), Kassel (1929–31), Misburg (1931) and Rathenow (1946–51).
Explore 451 on Tuesday, November 25, 2008