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If you considering seven years a long time, then I’ve been using Twitter for a long time. Even if you don’t, that’s longer than most people have been on the site. It’s probably longer than the user @AdmForrestal has been using it, but he’s brought the weirdness in a major way. I would applaud his weirdness or laugh at it if it wasn’t so ridiculous and, to some degree, frightening. This racist human being1 has decided that I defend the opinions that I have so vehemently because I’m working for someone. That’s right. I have a particular opinion because I’m a shill for some company or government agency. Yes, just what any contrarian would do with their life: conform to a particular idea to make money. Because contrarians are all about the Benjamins and not about the whole thinking-for-themselves thing. Uh-huh.
But really this guy claimed I’m a shill.
@janersm You clearly have been told to ind this post on the internet and make shit up who do you work for?
— JamesForrestal (@AdmForrestal) November 9, 2015
And why did he do this?
Because he’s nuts. No, I shouldn’t say that, especially since I would chide anyone else who promoted stigma when they were encountering someone who behaved in a difficult manner. His reason was that he believed that I lied about my experiences in hospital emergency rooms. He said that patients don’t get visitors until they’ve been stabilized. That’s not always true. One of my examples of that not being true was back in July of 2012 when a mound of fire ants decided to make me their bitch. I was at the park with my mom and my dad waiting between doctor appointments. We sat under a shady tree because it was hot as hell outside and we happened to sit next to a fire ant mound. We didn’t know that my predisposed-to-atopy2 body had decided that fire ants were just so out of style and that it wanted nothing more to do with them, so it just had to respond with anaphylaxis. Clearly, no other reaction would have been appropriate for that situation.
My parents, as witnesses to my fall and the first people that I mentioned the ant bites to,3 were essential to my care that day and to keeping me alive. They were the ones who told the doctors about my medical history. And they were the ones who eventually told the doctors about the ant bites. Before that happened, they thought that my fall and my two fainting spells were a result of the heat4.
But the fainting, the hospital visit, and everything associated with that day was all clearly a part of a conspiracy to upset @AdmForrestal.
When I mentioned before I “fainted” that we were hanging out at the Park, I was clearly just setting up this ruse.
Dad decided we could spend some time under a tree at the park; so did the birds t.co/ujNyLHij
— Janet Morris (@janersm) July 24, 2012
The geese in the picture included with that tweet were clearly provided by PETA and were part of a liberal media conspiracy to upset this one random Twitter user over three years later.
The original caption for that faked picture was “More lazy geese”, which, again, was all part of my clearly faked fall. No one in their right mind would ever insult geese by calling them lazy.5
My first tweet from the ER? Clearly, it was also a big old hoax.
I know absolutely nothing about having anaphylaxis.
Took 7 or so sticks to get IV started. Pulse being monitored. It was 139 at the park.
— Janet Morris (@janersm) July 24, 2012
Obviously, I’ve never ever talked about being a hard stick over the last almost 15 years of having this website. And I’ve never mentioned that I have tachycardia. Those were all totally new occurrences and haven’t happened since. Except on that one day. That’s how you can totally tell that I’m a shill. Because that isn’t an ongoing issue for me.
@janersm Idiot, the shock of hives and vomiting is not life threatening after stabilization them bringing them into a room after that haps
— JamesForrestal (@AdmForrestal) November 9, 2015
If I did know anything about anaphylaxis, I would have vomited instead of just fainting, having my heart rate go up, developing hives, and being extremely dizzy. And my life wouldn’t have been in danger even when my parents were in the room with me.
And when I mentioned that I hadn’t been tweeting during the rest of my visit? Clearly, that was me covering my ass. I must have needed some time to come up with the whole story.
I wanted to update when I got discharged but my phone was completely dead, so it's been charging for a few hours.
— Janet Morris (@janersm) July 25, 2012
When I talked that night about how hard my father took the trip, I was obviously continuing the hoax. When he had to be hospitalized the next day for stress that included that ER visit, I was also continuing the ruse on this poor Twitter user that I wouldn’t talk to for another three years.
Other than that, I'm itchy, sore, have a headache, and have been trying to reassure my dad that it isn't his fault this happened.
— Janet Morris (@janersm) July 25, 2012
When I talked about the people who helped me after I fainted, I must have been making that up, too.
Oh, and when I fell the principals of Ed White & Hampton Cove did the first aid while Dad called 911. They also helped keep me from
— Janet Morris (@janersm) July 25, 2012
getting up. I was stubborn enough that I kept thinking I was okay to get up. The four of them managed to keep me still.
— Janet Morris (@janersm) July 25, 2012
I mentioned two random schools in Huntsville in my shout-out for shits and giggles. I even lied about how disoriented I was after the falls, which was why I kept getting up. I thought I would be okay if I could just get to the car. I didn’t realize that I was going to fall if I moved or that my heart was going nuts or that my body was not operating properly because it was overreacting6 to the ant bites.
There I go, sounding like this all really happened again. Sorry.
Uh-oh, another picture that I must have faked. It had the caption, “the left knee…can’t see where the foot is discolored on the picture” because I needed to emphasize that I had actual injuries from a hoax of a fall. That’s also why I still have horrible scarring on both of my knees–the right one is worse than the left and the new scarring covering a gash from where I fell under a merry-go-round at a different park in the city and had my knee sliced open. Oops. That was probably made up, too. Because I don’t ever scar. Ever. That’s a special perk of being a shill.
Here‘s another faked picture of the damage of my “allergy” with the also faked caption of “my right knee…aka the gross one”:
When I mentioned that the paramedic used faceplanted, I was clearly lying.
There was a funny moment right as I got to the ER where the paramedic was describing what happened & said I faceplanted. #funmedicalterms
— Janet Morris (@janersm) July 25, 2012
I definitely never provided picture evidence of a head injury.
And when I documented my mom and I trying to get me in to see a doctor the next day?7 Lies.
We couldn't wait 5 minutes so I could call the family doctor on Nana's phone. Instead, I was told to use the cell…in the middle of nowhere
— Janet Morris (@janersm) July 25, 2012
Three dropped calls later, still no appt. I'd call on my phone, but I can't afford to pay for actual calls.
— Janet Morris (@janersm) July 25, 2012
Mom was able to call once and get an appointment for me. (I gave up after the 3 dropped ones.) Today at 1:45.
— Janet Morris (@janersm) July 25, 2012
They tried to get her to make it for 10:45. That's 15 minutes into my 30 minute infusion. I don't think that would have worked.
— Janet Morris (@janersm) July 25, 2012
I probably lied about having anemia, too. You know, just to upset some random right-wing guy on the internet. And since I had shingles diagnosed at one of my infusions in 2013 for the anemia, then I obviously never had shingles, which is why I don’t really have that gnarly scar that has shown up in pictures of me since then.
I have to take Doxycycline in case an infection starts developing. And I have to watch for blood clots.
— Janet Morris (@janersm) July 25, 2012
Blood clots were definitely not a worry for me, since I obviously didn’t hit my head on the concrete. No pictures of my head injury have ever been shared, even earlier in this post. And why would I need Doxycycline? Fire ants never present with pustules.8 I probably made up my multiple antibiotic allergies just to upset this one dude.
Officially, my foot pain and yesterday's falling/fainting was due to an allergy to fire ants.
— Janet Morris (@janersm) July 25, 2012
And, of course, THAT NEVER HAPPENED. It was just a well-timed tweet by my obviously devious mind.
And tweets since then that have mentioned my allergy to ants and newly-established fear of them? All lies to upset this guy who I never talked to until just a few hours ago.
I'm surprised I don't have nightmares involving ants now. Of course, the thought of watching "Honey, I Shrunk the Kids" terrifies me.
— Janet Morris (@janersm) August 6, 2012
Every time I itch (anywhere), I start to panic about ants.
— Janet Morris (@janersm) August 7, 2012
I want to go get my frozen mac & cheese out of the big freezer, but I'm afraid to go past the ants.
— Janet Morris (@janersm) August 19, 2012
Dear ants, If you don't move yourselves away from me, I will squish you until you pop. Kthxbai.
— Janet Morris (@janersm) September 6, 2012
Okay, I'm allergic to ants and caffeine, which is funny because ants are also intolerant of caffeine. Okay, maybe not funny, but weird.
— Janet Morris (@janersm) November 12, 2014
@SoulThatMatters And fire ants.
— Janet Morris (@janersm) November 27, 2014
#Instagram :: Always good to have around, especially when you're allergic to ants and ha… t.co/BQMcBSWDt2 pic.twitter.com/0bDwYMCqIv
— Janet Morris (@janersm) December 25, 2014
In that one, I obviously wasted money on generic Benadryl because I was faking new ant bites.
Unlike #VeronicaMars, I'm never up for being strapped down to an ant hill, especially if they're fire ants. #allergy
— Janet Morris (@janersm) July 7, 2015
I may never watch Ant-Man because I'm allergic to ants. I get creeped out by the promos.
— Janet Morris (@janersm) October 14, 2015
It was all fake. My allergy. My health issues. All of it.
Today’s blog entry is brought to you by the concept of….
Sarcasm.
Obviously.
This guy also thinks that he can explain away mental illness as being a problem with the soul and evil910 and all kinds of stigmatized bullshit that even most outright religious weirdos have disavowed. Quite frankly, I should be embarrassed at how much time I spent playing with this particular trolling ignoramus, but I did have a little fun, plus I got to write a very sarcastic blog entry, which is always a special treat.
Uh-huh. Do you feel this anxious or paranoid normally? t.co/8j2B3SAi4h
— Janet Morris (@janersm) November 9, 2015
So, @AdmForrestal, I understand that your conspiracies are a result of a need for safety & for human companionship and that they give your explanations for things you don’t understand, but they’re actually making you more upset. Anxiety drives some people to develop or accept conspiracy theories, but the ones you have are unhealthy for you and those around you, so you need to step away from them and into reality.11
Welcome to reality, dude.
This is where the fun12 is at.
Oh, and lose the racism & Holocaust denying. That much hate really doesn’t look good on anyone.
I’m assuming ↩
Allergies. ↩
I didn’t mention them before because I thought they were unimportant. ↩
It was 93.9°F that day and very humid. ↩
The shirt my dad is wearing in that picture is the same shirt he wore today, which is technically yesterday now. ↩
That’s what an allergy is. ↩
Something that the doctors in the ER said I needed to do. ↩
They’re typically sterile, but they had to make sure that I didn’t develop some horrible skin infection that killed me. ↩
@janersm NO they had something wrong with their souls and minds because of evil, and having their world shattered
— JamesForrestal (@AdmForrestal) November 9, 2015
↩
@janersm The brain does not control the mind, btw all the things listed down their are made up by Big Pharma, to poison people
— JamesForrestal (@AdmForrestal) November 9, 2015
↩
And that’s a reality where patients are often accompanied by their families or their friends while in the ER and before they are fully stabilized. ↩
By fun, I mean sarcasm, because it’s so awesome. ↩
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Taken at the Minnosota Science Museum: Human Body Gallery.
Creative Commonse Licensed photo by ideonexus.com. Please feel free to take and reuse for any purpose!
Human Rights Week at the University of Essex, organised by our Human Rights Society, The week starts on 1 December with the students’ annual ‘chalking of the steps’ event where they write the articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, in numerous languages, on the concrete steps of the University’s Colchester Campus. More information here: www.essex.ac.uk/news/event.aspx?e_id=7125
As stated by the famous modern artist Kurt Schwitters in 1926, art is nothing more than rhythm. This group exhibition, curated by AV Festival 10, presents six contemporary artist rooms, including three new commissions, on the theme of energy and sound. Sculptural objects are brought to life by electrical, mechanical and human energy, uniting technology with the forces of nature. Featuring Rhodri Davies, Alec Finlay, Felix Hess, Pe Lang, Liliane Lijn and Charlemagne Palestine.
Charlemagne Palestine’s debut UK installation beardemonium tintinnabulum features his signature motif of soft toy bears that absorb human energy and transmit it into the gallery like sponges or magnets. Commissioned by AV Festival 10.
Room Harp by Rhodri Davies is a series of new harp sculptures played by mechanical fans, turning the harps into musical wind machines. Commissioned by AV Festival 10.
sky-wheels is a new work by Alec Finlay, a field of sixteen model wind turbines featuring poems by the artist on their colourful kinetic blades. Commissioned by AV Festival 10.
It’s in the Air by artist and physicist Felix Hess is an installation of 500 floor-based small paper vanes that respond to subtle air flow in the room.
In Pe Lang’s series of thermocromatic paintings, A line determining the limits of an area, an input of thermal energy to the canvas alters its molecular structure and slowly changes its colour.
Liliane Lijn’s work represents the world as energy. Her installations made from copper wire create fluid moving lines of light and her drawings of wind turbines from 1970 predict a future of renewable energy.
Biography
Charlemagne Palestine is an American composer, performer, and visual artist. A contemporary of Philip Glass, Terry Riley, Phill Niblock, and Steve Reich, Palestine wrote intense, ritualistic music in the 1970s. A composer-performer originally trained to be a cantor he always performed his own works as soloist. His earliest works were compositions for carillon and electronic drones, and he is perhaps best known for his intensely performed piano works. He also performs as a vocalist, singing long tones with gradually shifting vowels and overtones while moving through the performance space.
Rhodri Davies was born in 1971 in Aberystwyth, Wales and now lives in Gateshead. He plays harp, electric harp, live-electronics and builds wind, water and fire harp installations. His regular groups include: a duo with John Butcher, The Sealed Knot, a trio with David Toop and Lee Patterson, Common Objects, Cranc, a trio with John Tilbury and Michael Duch, SLW and Apartment House. In 2008 he collaborated with the visual artist Gustav Metzger on Self-cancellation, a large-scale event in London and Glasgow. New pieces for harp have been composed for him by: Eliane Radigue, Christian Wolff, Ben Patterson, Alison Knowles, Michael Pisaro, Carole Finer, Mieko Shiomi, Radu Malfatti and Yasunao Tone.
Alec Finlay is a Scottish artist, poet and publisher, after working in Newcastle for ten years he is now based in Edinburgh. He has undertaken artist residencies at Yorkshire Sculpture Park and Narec, and commissions for Milton Keynes Gallery, Kielder Partnership and Bluecoat. His work has been exhibited at venues including: BALTIC, Gateshead; Royal Scottish Academy, Edinburgh; Yorkshire Sculpture Park; Turner Contemporary, Margate; Sainsbury Centre for Visual Art, Norwich; John Hansard Gallery, Southampton; Bickachsen 6, Bad Homburg; EAST, Norwich; Leeds City Art Gallery; and the Sydney Biennial.
Felix Hess is a Dutch physicist-turned-artist, known for his semi-autonomous sound devices and small audio machines. He has been active in this field for almost 20 years and has exhibited his work all over the world. His scientific research includes groundbreaking studies of aerodynamics and the movement of boomerangs (1975) and the communication of bullfrogs (1979). This lead to his installation work, making autonomous sound sculptures which are connected to nature. In 2003 he won the Witteveen + Bos Art + Technology Prize for his work. The jury described Hess as an artist who "reopens our senses and our distillate stand in wonder."
Pe Lang is a Swiss artist, who lives and works in Zurich and Berlin. He creates installations by assembling magnetic, electrical and mechanical devices into minimal kinetic sculptures and devices. His work has been exhibited and performed in several important museums, galleries and festivals, including Transmediale, Berlin; Elektra, Montreal; Sonic Acts XII, Amsterdam; Växjö Kunsthalle, Sweden; Dissonanze, Rome; bitforms gallery, New York; ISEA 2008, Singapore; and Netherlands Media Art Institute, Amsterdam. Selected awards and residencies include the Swiss Art Award (2009 and 2010).
Liliane Lijn moved from New York City to London in 1966. She studied archaeology at the Sorbonne and art history at the École du Louvre, Paris (1958). She became an artist in residence in a plastics factory, experimenting with fire and acids and working with light, poetry, movement and liquids between 1961 and 1963, rapidly establishing herself as a leading kinetic artist through many international exhibitions. She is recognised as an early pioneer of art and science, and in 2005 was awarded an Arts Council International Fellowship to become the first artist in Residence at the Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley. Her work is in the collections of The British Museum, Musée de la Ville de Paris, Museum of Modern Art, New York, Tate Gallery, London, Victoria and Albert Museum, London, amongst others.
Credit
Curated and produced by AV Festival 10, in partnership with Hatton Gallery. Supported by Arts Council England.
hanging on the robe behind the boat is fun for both - dolphin and human. and a really close encounter :)
I can never bring myself to put the same clothes back on after a mid-day shower.. Thus, outfit #2.
Today I learned that I look stupid in this headscarf. Ah well. Also, I have no boobs.
Tank - Fairweather
Sweats - Fairweather (best EVER, I love them & wear them way too much)
Headscarf - dug it out of the dress-up box in our basement
Belt - vintage via mom
Shoes - mom's
Pearls - Ardene
Bag - Canal Street
adidas NMD HU Pharrell Human Race 'Yellow' (2016)
Producer and musician Pharrell Williams first worked with Adidas in 2014 and has heavily affected the brand's NMD silhouette. This shoe is an extension of his HU (Human Race) collection, and the uppers of the sneakers in this range are frequently adorned with impactful messages on the forefoot.
[Design Museum]
Sneakers Unboxed: Studio to Street
(May - September 2021)
From trainers originally designed for specific athletic activities like the Converse Chuck Taylor All Star, the Puma Disc, and Nike Air Zoom Alphafly Next%, discover how sneakers such as the Reebok InstaPump Fury, the Vans Half Cab and the Asics Gel Lyte III have become cultural symbols of our times.
Take a journey through the design process behind some of the most technically inventive shoes of today with the Adidas FutureCraft.Strung shoe-making robot designed by Kram/Weisshaar, Satoshi, a brand using blockchain certification and the world’s first biologically active shoes developed by MIT Design Lab and Biorealize for Puma.
Then delve into the lucrative resale market that is currently valued at $10 billion in data visualisations from Stock X, before reliving the streetwear staple's high-fashion reinvention including sneakers by Balenciaga, Comme des Garçons and Y-3 and runway looks from A-COLD-WALL* and CRAIG GREEN.
Uncover the icons and collaborations that have shaped the sneaker scene over the years from Michael Jordan and Run-DMC to Kanye West, experience visuals and graphic work from Jamel Shabazz, Grace Ladoja, Simon Wheatley and Reuben Dangoor, and meet the designers working to make the industry more sustainable, Stella McCartney, Helen Kirkum and Alexander Taylor.
[Design Museum]
Taken in the Design Museum
Varna, Bulgaria. Identified as a major origin area for trafficking victims and destination for sex exploitation during summer months
The palanquin is a class of wheelless vehicles, a type of human-powered transport, for the transport of persons. Examples of litter vehicles include lectica (ancient Rome), kiệu [轎] (Vietnam), sedan chair (Britain), litera (Spain), palanquin (France, India, Ghana), jiao (China), liteira (Portugal), wo (วอ, Chinese style known as kiao เกี้ยว) (Thailand), gama (Korea), koshi, ren and kago [駕籠] (Japan) and tahtırevan (Turkey).
Smaller litters may take the form of open chairs or beds carried by two or more carriers, some being enclosed for protection from the elements. Larger litters, for example those of the Chinese emperors, may resemble small rooms upon a platform borne upon the shoulders of a dozen or more people. To most efficiently carry a litter, porters will attempt to transfer the load to their shoulders, either by placing the carrying poles upon their shoulders, or the use of a yoke to transfer the load from the carrying poles to the shoulder.
DEFINITIONS
A simple litter, often called a king carrier, consists of a sling attached along its length to poles or stretched inside a frame. The poles or frame are carried by porters in front and behind. Such simple litters are common on battlefields and emergency situations, where terrain prohibits wheeled vehicles from carrying away the dead and wounded.
Litters can also be created by the expedient of the lashing of poles to a chair. Such litters, consisting of a simple cane chair with maybe an umbrella to ward off the elements and two stout bamboo poles, may still be found in Chinese mountain resorts such as the Huangshan Mountains to carry tourists along scenic paths and to viewing positions inaccessible by other means of transport.
A more luxurious version consists of a bed or couch, sometimes enclosed by curtains, for the passenger or passengers to lie on. These are carried by at least two porters in equal numbers in front and behind, using wooden rails that pass through brackets on the sides of the couch. The largest and heaviest types would be carried by draught animals.
Another form, commonly called a sedan chair, consists of a chair or windowed cabin suitable for a single occupant, also carried by at least two porters in front and behind, using wooden rails that pass through brackets on the sides of the chair. These porters were known in London as "chairmen". These have been very rare since the 19th century, but such enclosed portable litters have been used as an elite form of transport for centuries, especially in cultures where women are kept secluded.
Sedan chairs, in use until the 19th century, were accompanied at night by link-boys who carried torches. Where possible, the link boys escorted the fares to the chairmen, the passengers then being delivered to the door of their lodgings. Several houses in Bath, Somerset, England still have the link extinguishers on the exteriors, shaped like outsized candle snuffers. In the 1970s, entrepreneur and Bathwick resident, John Cuningham, revived the sedan chair service business for a brief amount of time.
ANTIQUITY
In pharaonic Egypt and many oriental realms such as China, the ruler and divinities (in the form of an idol) were often transported in a litter in public, frequently in procession, as during state ceremonial or religious festivals.
The ancient Hebrews fashioned the Ark of the Covenant to resemble and function as a litter for the ten commandments and presence of God.
In Ancient Rome, a litter called lectica or "sella" often carried members of the imperial family, as well as other dignitaries and other members of the rich elite, when not mounted on horseback.
The habit must have proven quite persistent, for the Third Council of Braga in 675 AD saw the need to order that bishops, when carrying the relics of martyrs in procession, must walk to the church, and not be carried in a chair, or litter, by deacons clothed in white.
In the Catholic Church, Popes were carried the same way in Sedia gestatoria, which was replaced later by the Popemobile.
IN ASIA
CHINA
In Han China the elite travelled in light bamboo seats supported on a carrier's back like a backpack. In the Northern Wei Dynasty and the Northern and Southern Song Dynasties, wooden carriages on poles appear in painted landscape scrolls.
A commoner used a wooden or bamboo civil litter (Chinese: 民轎; pinyin: min2 jiao4), while the mandarin class used an official litter (Chinese: 官轎; pinyin: guan1 jiao4) enclosed in silk curtains.
The chair with perhaps the greatest importance was the bridal chair. A traditional bride is carried to her wedding ceremony by a "shoulder carriage" (Chinese: 肩輿; pinyin: jiān yú), usually hired. These were lacquered in an auspicious shade of red, richly ornamented and gilded, and were equipped with red silk curtains to screen the bride from onlookers.
Sedan chairs were once the only public conveyance in Hong Kong, filling the role of cabs. Chair stands were found at all hotels, wharves, and major crossroads. Public chairs were licensed, and charged according to tariffs which would be displayed inside. Private chairs were an important marker of a person's status. Civil officers' status was denoted by the number of bearers attached to his chair. Before Hong Kong's Peak Tram went into service in 1888, wealthy residents of The Peak were carried on sedan chairs by coolies up the steep paths to their residence including Sir Richard MacDonnell's (former Governor of Hong Kong) summer home, where they could take advantage of the cooler climate. Since 1975 an annual sedan chair race has been held to benefit the Matilda International Hospital and commemorate the practice of earlier days.
KOREA
In Korea, royalty and aristocrats were carried in wooden litters called gama. Gamas were primarily used by royalty and government officials. There were six types of gama, each assigned to different government official rankings. In traditional weddings, the bride and groom are carried to the ceremony in separate gamas. Because of the difficulties posed by the mountainous terrain of the Korean peninsula and the lack of paved roads, gamas were preferred over wheeled vehicles.
JAPAN
As the population of Japan increased, less and less land was available as grazing for the upkeep of horses. With the availability of horses restricted to martial uses, human powered transport became more important and prevalent.
Kago (Kanji: 駕籠, Hiragana: かご) were often used in Japan to transport the non-samurai citizen. Norimono were used by the warrior class and nobility, most famously during the Tokugawa period when regional samurai were required to spend a part of the year in Edo (Tokyo) with their families, resulting in yearly migrations of the rich and powerful (Sankin-kōtai) to and from the capital along the central backbone road of Japan.
Somewhat similar in appearance to kago are the portable shrines that are used to carry the "god-body" (goshintai), the central totemic core normally found in the most sacred area of Shinto Shrines, on a tour to and from a shrine during some religious festivals.
THAILAND
In Thailand, the royalty were also carried in wooden litters called wo ("พระวอ" Phra Wo, literally, "Royal Sedan") for large ceremonies. Wos were elaborately decorated litters that were delicately carved and colored by gold leaves. Stained glass is also used to decorate the litters. Presently, Royal Wos and carriages are only used for royal ceremonies in Thailand. They are exhibited in the Bangkok National Museum.
INDONESIA
In traditional Javanese society, the generic palanquin or joli was a wicker chair with a canopy, attached to two poles, and borne on men's shoulders, and was available for hire to any paying customer. As a status marker, gilded throne-like palanquins, or jempana, were originally reserved solely for royalty, and later co-opted by the Dutch, as a status marker: the more elaborate the palanquin, the higher the status of the owner. The joli was transported either by hired help, by nobles' peasants, or by slaves.
Historically, the palanquin of a Javanese king (raja), prince (pangeran), lord (raden mas) or other noble (bangsawan) was known as a jempana; a more throne-like version was called a pangkem. It was always part of a large military procession, with a yellow (the Javanese colour for royalty) square canopy. The ceremonial parasol (payung) was held above the palanquin, which was carried by a bearer behind and flanked by the most loyal bodyguards, usually about 12 men, with pikes, sabres, lances, muskets, keris and a variety of disguised blades. In contrast, the canopy of the Sumatran palanquin was oval-shaped and draped in white cloth; this was reflective of greater cultural permeation by Islam. Occasionally, a weapon or heirloom, such as an important keris or tombak, was given its own palanquin. In Hindu culture in Bali today, the tradition of using palanquins for auspicious statues, weapons or heirlooms continues, for funerals especially; in more elaborate rituals, a palanquin is used to bear the body, and is subsequently cremated along with the departed.
INDIA
A palanquin, also known as palkhi, is a covered sedan chair (or litter) carried on four poles. It derives from the Sanskrit word for a bed or couch, pa:lanka.
Palanquins are mentioned in literature as early as the Ramayana (c. 250BC).
Palanquins began to fall out of use after rickshaws (on wheels, more practical) were introduced in the 1930s.
The doli (also transliterated from Hindi as dhooly or dhoolie) is a cot or frame, suspended by the four corners from a bamboo pole. Two or four men would carry it. In the time of the British in India, dhooly-bearers were used to carry the wounded from the battlefield and transport them.
Today in numerous areas of India including at the Hindu pilgrimage site of Amarnath Temple in Kashmir, palanquins can be hired to carry the customer up steep hills.
IN AFRICA
GHANA
In Southern Ghana the Akan and the Ga-Dangme carry their chiefs and kings in palanquins when they appear in their state durbars. When used in such occasions these palanquins may be seen as a substitutes of a state coach in Europe or a horse used in Northern Ghana. The chiefs of the Ga (mantsemei) in the Greater Accra Region (Ghana) use also figurative palanquins which are built after a chief's family symbol or totem. But these day the figurative palanquins are very seldom used. They are related with the figurative coffins which have become very popular among the Ga in the last 50 years. Since these figurative coffins were shown 1989 in the exhibition "Les magicians de la terre" in the Centre Pompidou in Paris they were shown in many art museums around the world.
ANGOLA
From at least the 15th century until the 19th century, litters of varying types known as tipoye were used in the Kingdom of Kongo as a mode of transportation for the elites. Seat-style litters with a single pole along the back of the chair carried by two men (usually slaves) were topped with an umbrella. Lounge-style litters in the shape of a bed were used to move one to two people with porter at each corner. Due to the tropical climate, horse were not native to the area nor could they survive very ong once introduced by the Portuguese. Human portage was the only mode of transportation in the region and became highly adept with missionary accounts claiming the litter transporters could move at speeds 'as fast as post horses at the gallop'.
IN THE WEST
EUROPE
Portuguese and Spanish navigators and colonistics encountered litters of various sorts in India, Mexico, and Peru. They were imported into Spain and spread into France and then Britain. All the names for these devices are ultimately derived from the root sed- in Latin sedere, "sit," which gave rise to seda ("seat") and its diminutive sedula ("little seat"), the latter of which was contracted to sella, the traditional Latin name for a carried chair.The carried chair met instant success in Europe, whose city streets were often a literal mess of mud and refuse: Where cities and towns did not enjoy the presence of sewage systems left over from Imperial Roman days, it was common to empty chamber pots and discard kitchen refuse from windows down into the adjacent streets. Affluent and well-to-do citizens often found it hazardous and impractical to negotiate those avenues, and sedan chairs allowed them to remain prim and spotless while the carrying valets had to contend with the mud and the filth.In Europe, Henry VIII of England was carried around in a sedan chair — it took four strong chairmen to carry him towards the end of his life — but the expression "sedan chair" was not used in print until 1615. It does not seem to take its name from the city of Sedan. Trevor Fawcett notes (see link) that British travellers Fynes Moryson (in 1594) and John Evelyn (in 1644-5) remarked on the seggioli of Naples and Genoa, which were chairs for public hire slung from poles and carried on the shoulders of two porters.From the mid-17th century, visitors taking the waters at Bath would be conveyed in a chair enclosed in baize curtains, especially if they had taken a heated bath and were going straight to bed to sweat. The curtains kept off a possibly fatal draft. These were not the proper sedan chairs "to carry the better sort of people in visits, or if sick or infirmed" (Celia Fiennes). In the 17th and 18th centuries, the chairs stood in the main hall of a well-appointed city residence, where a lady could enter and be carried to her destination without setting foot in a filthy street. The neoclassical sedan chair made for Queen Charlotte remains at Buckingham Palace.
By the mid-17th century, sedans for hire were a common mode of transportation. In London, "chairs" were available for hire in 1634, each assigned a number and the chairmen licensed because the operation was a monopoly of a courtier of Charles I. Sedan chairs could pass in streets too narrow for a carriage and were meant to alleviate the crush of coaches in London streets, an early instance of traffic congestion. A similar system was later used in Scotland. In 1738, a fare system was established for Scottish sedans, and the regulations covering chairmen in Bath are reminiscent of the modern Taxi Commission's rules. A trip within a city cost six pence and a day's rental was four shillings. A sedan was even used as an ambulance in Scotland's Royal Infirmary.
Chairmen moved at a good clip. In Bath they had the right-of-way and pedestrians hearing "By your leave" behind them knew to flatten themselves against walls or railings as the chairmen hustled through. There were often disastrous accidents, upset chairs, and broken glass-paned windows.
Sedan chairs were also used by the wealthy in the cities of colonial America. Benjamin Franklin used a sedan chair late in the 18th century.
COLONIAL PRACTICE
In various colonies, litters of various types were maintained under native traditions, but often adopted by the white colonials as a new ruling and/or socio-economic elite, either for practical reasons (often comfortable modern transport was unavailable, e.g. for lack of decent roads) and/or as a status symbol. During the 17-18th centuries, palanquins (see above) were very popular among European traders in Bengal, so much so that in 1758 an order was issued prohibiting their purchase by certain lower-ranking employees.
THE END OF A TRADITION
In Great Britain, in the early 19th century, the public sedan chair began to fall out of use, perhaps because streets were better paved or perhaps because of the rise of the more comfortable, companionable and affordable hackney carriage. In Glasgow, the decline of the sedan chair is illustrated by licensing records which show twenty-seven sedan chairs in 1800, eighteen in 1817, and ten in 1828. During that same period the number of registered hackney carriages in Glasgow rose to one hundred and fifty.
THE TRAVELING SILLA OF LATIN AMERICA
A similar but simpler palanquin was used by the elite in parts of 18th- and 19th-century Latin America. Often simply called a silla (Spanish for seat or chair), it consisted of a simple wooden chair with an attached tumpline. The occupant sat in the chair, which was then affixed to the back of a single porter, with the tumpline supported by his head. The occupant thus faced backwards during travel. This style of palanquin was probably due to the steep terrain and rough or narrow roads unsuitable to European-style sedan chairs. Travellers by silla usually employed a number of porters, who would alternate carrying the occupant.
A chair borne on the back of a porter, almost identical to the silla, is used in the mountains of China for ferrying older tourists and visitors up and down the mountain paths. One of these mountains where the silla is still used is the Huangshan Mountains of Anhui province in Eastern China.
WIKIPEDIA
In late 1997, this area of Koh Kong, near Cambodia's coastal border with Thailand, was the site of extensive human trafficking. People were brought to houses similar to this one, many were drugged to keep them calm and quiet, as the traffickers waited to ship them on.
We give each other so many labels, then discriminate based on them even though we're all just Human.
Blogged here: raevenfea.com/quilting/society-label-template/
The Eastern end of Lake Ullswater, Cumbria. A fellow Tog with Dog, attached to the Lady's body armour ..!
Tonight is improv regionals so I'm wearing my improv team T-shirt :) They were designed by my friend Freddie & printed on American Apparel t-shirts.
Black "imp/ro/v" shirt
Purple velvet blazer - thrifted
Black leather bag - H&M
Green pleated miniskirt - thrifted
Black leggings - H&M
Black rubber boots - Michael Kors
Green bracelet - gift