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The purpose of this inquiry is to consider the funding of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Wales, the financial impact of the Welsh Government’s tuition fee grant policy on HEIs and students in Wales, and whether the Welsh Government is delivering value for money in this area.
The new part time Higher Education funding policy does not come into effect until 2014 and therefore this enquiry focuses on full time Higher Education funding.
www.senedd.assemblywales.org/mgIssueHistoryHome.aspx?IId=...
Diben yr ymchwiliad hwn yw rhoi ystyriaeth i gyllido Sefydliadau Addysg Uwch yng Nghymru, i effaith ariannol polisi grant ffioedd dysgu Llywodraeth Cymru ar sefydliadau addysg uwch a myfyrwyr yng Nghymru, a gofyn, i ba raddau y mae Llywodraeth Cymru’n darparu gwerth am arian yn y maes hwn.
Nid yw’r polisi cyllido Addysg Uwch rhan-amser yn dod i rym tan 2014, ac felly mae’r ymchwiliad hwn yn canolbwyntio ar gyllido Addysg Uwch amser llawn.
www.senedd.cynulliadcymru.org/mgIssueHistoryHome.aspx?IId...
The purpose of this inquiry is to consider the funding of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Wales, the financial impact of the Welsh Government’s tuition fee grant policy on HEIs and students in Wales, and whether the Welsh Government is delivering value for money in this area.
The new part time Higher Education funding policy does not come into effect until 2014 and therefore this enquiry focuses on full time Higher Education funding.
www.senedd.assemblywales.org/mgIssueHistoryHome.aspx?IId=...
Diben yr ymchwiliad hwn yw rhoi ystyriaeth i gyllido Sefydliadau Addysg Uwch yng Nghymru, i effaith ariannol polisi grant ffioedd dysgu Llywodraeth Cymru ar sefydliadau addysg uwch a myfyrwyr yng Nghymru, a gofyn, i ba raddau y mae Llywodraeth Cymru’n darparu gwerth am arian yn y maes hwn.
Nid yw’r polisi cyllido Addysg Uwch rhan-amser yn dod i rym tan 2014, ac felly mae’r ymchwiliad hwn yn canolbwyntio ar gyllido Addysg Uwch amser llawn.
www.senedd.cynulliadcymru.org/mgIssueHistoryHome.aspx?IId...
The purpose of this inquiry is to consider the funding of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Wales, the financial impact of the Welsh Government’s tuition fee grant policy on HEIs and students in Wales, and whether the Welsh Government is delivering value for money in this area.
The new part time Higher Education funding policy does not come into effect until 2014 and therefore this enquiry focuses on full time Higher Education funding.
www.senedd.assemblywales.org/mgIssueHistoryHome.aspx?IId=...
Diben yr ymchwiliad hwn yw rhoi ystyriaeth i gyllido Sefydliadau Addysg Uwch yng Nghymru, i effaith ariannol polisi grant ffioedd dysgu Llywodraeth Cymru ar sefydliadau addysg uwch a myfyrwyr yng Nghymru, a gofyn, i ba raddau y mae Llywodraeth Cymru’n darparu gwerth am arian yn y maes hwn.
Nid yw’r polisi cyllido Addysg Uwch rhan-amser yn dod i rym tan 2014, ac felly mae’r ymchwiliad hwn yn canolbwyntio ar gyllido Addysg Uwch amser llawn.
www.senedd.cynulliadcymru.org/mgIssueHistoryHome.aspx?IId...
On the lower eastern slopes of Trencrom Hill, these shady woods are dotted with mossy granite boulders. The 'Higher' part of the name distinguishes it from 'Lower' Hill Wood on the other side of the road.
The Church of St Oswald, Filey, is a parish church in the North Yorkshire town of Filey, England. The church dates from the 12th and 13th centuries, with some embattlements added in the 15th century. The building is now grade I listed and was described by Pevsner as "easily the finest church in the north-east corner of the East Riding".
St Oswald's church building sits at the northern edge of a ravine that divides the town of Filey in two; the church being located in the North Riding of Yorkshire, whereas historically, the rest of the town was in the East Riding of Yorkshire. The Norman tower has been a wayfaring point for mariners who were sailing between the Tyne and London, and the tower also provided a good point to aim at for those who were landing on the sands at Filey.
The position and design of the church, coupled with its size (over 130 feet (40 m)), have led some historians to suggest that the church had a higher importance than a mere parish church and may be older than contemporary thought had given it. Its size, given the sparse population it served, has led to it being called "a cathedral in miniature".
The church is also listed in Simon Jenkins' England's Thousand Best Churches.
The basic design of St Oswald's is a cruciform church, which has been dated as far back as 1150, though some modern historians attest that integral features of the church point to an earlier period. However, the architectural design of Norman transitioning to Early English, has led many to date the church somewhere between 1180 and 1230. Sleight argues that the salient angles and structure of the tower predate the Early English nave, chancel and transepts below it, which was common in the eleventh century churches. The position of the church on a clifftop and its overall length (140 feet (42.8 m)),[note 1] have led some to suggest that the church was a minster in the former Manor of Falsgrave, and has also led to it being labelled as "a cathedral in miniature".
Before the Conquest, the Manor of Falsgrave was owned by Tostig, who, along with his wife Judith, were adherents of the cult of Oswald, and so the church is dedicated to the Northumbrian king, Oswald. After The Conquest, the land was gifted to the de Gant family who gave the church at Filey to the monks of Bridlington Priory. The monks later rebuilt the church. The importance of Filey may go even further back in history; its location has been noted as one of the possible sites of the Roman Praetorium as described by Ptolemy, though several other sites are known to have been suggested. Roman coins have been discovered at Filey Brigg.
No vicarage was installed at Filey, rather the monks at Bridlington served it with one of the canons, and this arrangement was confirmed by Archbishop Greenfield in 1310, and was carried on until the dissolution. A record from 1353 states that the "Chapel of Filey is exempt from archidiaconal visitations, but dependent on the church of Whitby.
The basic structure of the church has remained largely unaltered since the thirteenth century, though the pitch of the roofs have been lowered, (which can be evidenced from the photograph above). The overall style is Norman transitioning into Early English with parts being Perpendicular in nature, thus the clerestory windows are circular headed, but the arches beneath are more pointed. The nave consists of six bays and the chancel is lower than the rest of the church, having a descent of two steps down into it. The church underwent a substantial renovation in 1839, which cost over £1,500. A carved figure in the south wall of the nave is said to represent a boy bishop who died in office, though it could also celebrate a member of the laity. There are three sedilia in the Early English style in the transept, with three more in the chancel. There was a sundial outside the priest's door that was inscribed with the motto of Nyx Epetai (Greek: The night cometh). It is believed to have been rare, if not unique, use of Greek rather than Latin in the area for a sundial affixed to a church. The sundial was noted as having been stolen, sometime in the early 2000s.
In the 19th century, Filey developed as a tourist resort and coupled with the arrival of the railway, the New Town area developed Filey into a larger settlement. Between 1870 and 1871, St John's Church was built in the town to cope with the increased population, and was designated a chapel of ease to St Oswald's. The ecclesiastical parish and benefice of Filey now includes both St John's and St Oswald's, with St Thomas' church in nearby Gristhorpe. The church was first renovated in the 19th century for £1,500 in 1840. It was refurbished again between May 1885 and August 1866 at a cost of £3,600. The architect was William Swinden Barber, and the works involved lowering the floors to their original level and repairing the decaying walls. The restored church was opened by the Archbishop of York in August 1886.
The roof was partially rebuilt in 1908 after it was destroyed in a fire.
Pevsner described St Oswald's as "easily the finest church in the north-east corner of the East Riding". The church is now a grade I listed structure. Simon Jenkins lists the church in his book England's Thousand Best Churches, giving it two stars out of a possible five. Jenkins describes the church as having a massive crossing tower and of Filey as being Scarborough's sedate Edwardian sister; "though there is nothing sedate about its architecture".
Filey is a seaside town and civil parish in the Borough of Scarborough in North Yorkshire, England. Historically part of the East Riding of Yorkshire, it is located between Scarborough and Bridlington on Filey Bay. Although it was a fishing village, it has a large beach and became a popular tourist resort. According to the 2011 UK census, Filey parish had a population of 6,981, in comparison to the 2001 UK census population figure of 6,819, and a population of 6,870 in 1991.
Filey is at the eastern end of the Cleveland Way, a long-distance footpath; it starts at Helmsley and skirts the North York Moors. It was the second National Trail to be opened (1969). The town is at the northern end of the Yorkshire Wolds Way National Trail which starts at Hessle and crosses the Yorkshire Wolds. Filey is the finishing point for Great Yorkshire Bike Ride. The 70-mile (110 km) ride begins at Wetherby Racecourse.
Filey has a railway station on the Yorkshire Coast Line. A second station at Filey Holiday Camp railway station to the south of the town served the former Butlins holiday camp. The camp has since been re-developed into a 600-home holiday housing development, The Bay Filey. It is one of the largest coastal developments of this kind in the UK and the first homes were completed in 2007.
In July 2007 Filey was hit by flash floods which caused major problems.
In 1857 the foundations of a 4th-century Roman signal station were discovered at the Carr Naze cliff edge at the northern end of Filey Bay. The structure is 50 metres long with a square tower 14 metres wide, a defensive ditch and ramparts from a later era. Excavations at the time of the find and subsequently in the 1920s and 1990s uncovered Roman pottery and hoards of coins. The site is a protected Scheduled Monument. The find of Roman remains supports the case for Filey being the Roman settlement of Portus Felix.
The 12th century parish church dedicated to St Oswald, on Church Hill in the north of the town, is a Grade I listed building. It is the oldest building in Filey and Nicholas Pevsner wrote "This is easily the finest church in the NE corner of the East Riding" (Buildings of England). St Oswald's has nearly 1,500 pieces of well-preserved medieval graffiti on the roof of the tower, ranging from initials up to complicated images of fully rigged sailing vessels, including one known as a Whitby Cat. The graffiti covers around 400 years of Filey's history, and maps out identifiable people, their occupations, changes in literacy and coastal shipping, the start of tourism in the area, and even a possible record of 17th century plague. The graffiti was recorded and analysed by Historic England in 2016.
Filey was a small village until the 18th century when visitors from Scarborough arrived seeking the peace and quiet that Filey then offered. In 1835 a Birmingham solicitor called John Wilkes Unett bought 7 acres (2.8 ha) of land and built the Crescent, later known as the Royal Crescent, which was opened in the 1850s.[18] On several occasions in the mid-19th century, the novelist Charlotte Brontë visited Filey with the aim of recovering her faltering health. In June 1852 she wrote to her father: "The Sea is very grand. Yesterday it was a somewhat unusually high tide - and I stood about an hour on the cliffs yesterday afternoon - watching the tumbling in of great tawny turbid waves - that make the whole shore white with foam and filled the air with a sound hollower and deeper than thunder.
Fishing at Filey has been tradition, going on for a multitude of centuries, with most of those undertaking it coming from a long line of fishermen and women in their families. The fishing boats at Filey are cobles, like most of the others along the Yorkshire and North East coasts, and the catch is mostly sea trout. Limitations have been placed upon how and where they use their nets which also trap salmon; some fear this may lead to the end of the fishing industry in Filey. In 1804, a lifeboat was procured for the town and it became a Royal National Lifeboat Institution asset in 1852. Filey Lifeboat Station is still in existence and has an inshore and an all-weather boat on station. The all-weather lifeboat was replaced in early 2021 with an Atlantic 85 vessel.[22]
English composer Frederick Delius stayed as a boy on the Crescent with his family at Miss Hurd's boarding house (number 24) in 1876 and 1877, and then at Mrs Colley's (number 24) in 1897.
In 1931 the spire of a church was damaged by the Dogger Bank earthquake.
For more than 40 years Butlin's Filey Holiday Camp was a major factor in Filey's economy. Building began in 1939 and continued during the Second World War when it became an air force station known as RAF Hunmanby Moor. In 1945 it became a popular holiday resort with its own railway station and by the late 1950s could cater for 10,000 holiday makers. It closed in 1984, causing a decrease in the holiday makers visiting Filey.
Filey was historically split between the North Riding of Yorkshire and the East Riding of Yorkshire, with the boundary running along Filey Beck. When County Councils were formed by the Local Government Act 1888, the whole of Filey was placed in the East Riding.
Filey also boasts the Grade II listed Langford Villa on The Crescent (c. 1830) which was often chosen by the famous chocolatier Sir Joseph Terry as his place to "summer"; it is situated next door but one to The White Lodge Hotel.
In 2018, the town was featured in the Tour de Yorkshire for the first time.
At the lowest level of governance is Filey Town Council, electing a total of thirteen councillors. These councillors are responsible for burial grounds, allotments, play areas and some street lighting. Elections to the town council are held every four years and the most recent elections were held in May 2019. The Mayor of Filey is elected annually by the members of the town council.
At district level, the town was part of the Scarborough Borough Council area. The town was represented by three councillors on the Borough Council. On the North Yorkshire County Council the town elected one representative. Both councils were abolished in 2023 and replaced with a unitary authority, North Yorkshire Council.
Filey was in the Ryedale constituency until the 2010 general election when it became part of the newly formed Thirsk and Malton constituency. Proposed boundary changes to the constituencies, would see Filey be moved from Thirsk and Malton into the Scarborough and Whitby constituency.
Coast & Country Housing Limited plan to build 300 houses in Filey. Scarborough council has approved plans for the £45 million housing project off Muston Road by Coast & Country. Independent councillor Sam Cross, who represents Filey on the borough council, said: "The infrastructure of the town can't cope with it." Coast and Country replied to the concerns by stating that the houses are being built to meet a pent-up latent demand for affordable housing and other housing within the town.
Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC Yorkshire and ITV Yorkshire. Television signals are received from the Oliver's Mount and via a local relay transmitter at Hunmanby. BBC North East and Cumbria and ITV Tyne Tees can also be received from the Bilsdale TV transmitter.
Filey’s local radio stations are BBC Radio York on 95.5 FM, Yorkshire Coast Radio on 96.2 FM, Coast & County Radio on 97.4 FM and This is The Coast that broadcasts online and on DAB.
Local newspapers are Filey Bay Today and The Scarborough News.
Notable people
Leo Blair, the father of Tony Blair, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom was born in Filey.
Edmund Crawford, footballer, Liverpool & Clapton Orient
Andy Crawford, footballer, Derby County & Blackburn Rovers
Honor Fell (1900–1986), zoologist, was born at Fowthorpe, near Filey.
The East Riding of Yorkshire, often abbreviated to the East Riding or East Yorkshire, is a ceremonial county in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England. It borders North Yorkshire to the north and west, South Yorkshire to the south-west, and Lincolnshire to the south across the Humber Estuary. The city of Kingston upon Hull is the largest settlement.
The county has an area of 2,479 km2 (957 sq mi) and a population of 600,259. Kingston upon Hull is by far the largest settlement, with population of 267,014, and is a major port and the county's economic and transport centre. The rest of the county is largely rural, and the next largest towns are the seaside resort of Bridlington (35,369) and the historic town of Beverley (30,351). The county is governed by two unitary authorities, East Riding of Yorkshire Council and Hull City Council. It takes its name from the East Riding, a historic subdivision of Yorkshire.
In the east of the county the low-lying plain of Holderness is enclosed by a crescent of low chalk hills, the Yorkshire Wolds. The Wolds meet the sea at Flamborough Head, a chalk headland, while the Holderness coast to the south is characterised by clay cliffs. The west of the county is part of the Vale of York, the wide plain of the River Ure/Ouse; the south-west is part of the Humberhead Levels.
The East Riding of Yorkshire is a local government district with unitary authority status, and is a ceremonial county of England. It is named after the historic East Riding of Yorkshire which was one of three ridings alongside the North Riding and West Riding, which were constituent parts a Yorkshire ceremonial and administrative county until 1974. From 1974 to 1996 the area of the modern East Riding of Yorkshire constituted the northern part of Humberside.
As a ceremonial county, the East Riding of Yorkshire borders North Yorkshire, South Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, and includes the city of Kingston upon Hull, which is a separate unitary authority. As a district it borders North East Lincolnshire (over the Humber estuary), North Lincolnshire (over the Humber and on land), Hull, Doncaster, Selby, York, Ryedale and Scarborough.
The East Riding originated in antiquity. Unlike most counties in Great Britain, which were divided anciently into hundreds, Yorkshire was divided first into three ridings and then into numerous wapentakes within each riding. The ancient wapentake system is not used in the modern day, though it is an important part of Yorkshire's cultural heritage. Within the East Riding of Yorkshire there were seven wapentakes (including Hull), two of these were further sub-divided into divisions, thus;
1. Ouse and Derwent
2. Buckrose
3. Harthill – Wilton Beacon Division
4. Harthill – Holme Beacon Division
5. Howdenshire
6. Harthill – Hunsley Beacon Division
7. Harthill – Bainton Beacon Division
8. Dickering
9. Holderness – North Division
10. Kingston upon Hull (county corporate)
11. Holderness – Middle Division
12. Holderness – South Division
The separate Lieutenancy for the riding was established after the Restoration, and the ridings each had separate Quarter Sessions.
For statistical purposes in the 19th century an East Riding of Yorkshire registration county was designated, consisting of the entirety of the poor law unions of Beverley, Bridlington, Driffield, Howden, Hull, Patrington, Pocklington, Sculcoates, Skirlaugh and York, thus excluding parts of the historic riding around Norton and Sherburn (which are also excluded from the modern district), but also including the city of York and environs (more usually associated with the West Riding). These poor law unions formed the basis of rural sanitary districts in 1875.
A county council for the East Riding of Yorkshire was set up in 1889, covering an administrative county which did not cover the county borough of Hull, but otherwise had the same boundaries as the historic riding. Apart from Hull the East Riding contained two municipal boroughs, Beverley and Hedon.
Under the Local Government Act 1894 the rest of the administrative county was divided into rural districts and urban districts. The rural districts were based on the rural sanitary districts, with Beverley Rural District, Bridlington Rural District, Driffield Rural District, Howden Rural District, Patrington Rural District, Pocklington Rural District, Riccal Rural District, Sculcoates Rural District and Skirlaugh Rural District being formed as-is.
Several other rural districts were formed by divisions of rural sanitary districts to conform to the administrative county borders : Sherburn Rural District and Norton Rural District came from Scarborough and Malton RSDs respectively (otherwise in North Riding); Riccal Rural District from Selby RSD (otherwise in the West Riding); and Escrick Rural District which was previously part of York RSD (which covered all three ridings). Urban districts were Cottingham, Great Driffield, Filey, Hessle (from 1899), Hornsea, Norton, Pocklington and Withernsea (from 1898).
The East Riding's only large town is Hull, a major port. Hull's population of which rose rapidly in the late 19th century : quadrupling from about 60,000 in 1851 to 240,000 in 1901. Other towns in the riding did not have similar growth and remain small: Bridlington's permanent population remained largely static in the same period, increasing from 6,000 to around 7,000. By 1971 the riding had a population of slightly over 500,000. In comparison, the West Riding (including county boroughs) saw extensive urbanisation and the formation of several conurbations, and had a population of nearly 4,000,000 in 1971, and the North Riding a population of about 700,000. Beverley was once a town of some importance, with St. John's College and Beverley Minster. The college was suppressed along with the monastery in the 16th century (see Dissolution of the Monasteries) and the town entered a decline in relative importance, although gaining a charter of incorporation in 1573, having previously been under the Archbishop of York. Beverley benefited somewhat from the proximity of Hull during the Industrial Revolution, and became the county town for the East Riding administrative county in 1892.
Bridlington obtained municipal borough status in 1899, having become a resort town (as had Hornsea and Withernsea), although not matching the population growth of Scarborough further up the coast in the North Riding.
The county districts underwent a major reorganisation in 1935 :Derwent Rural District formed from most of Escrick RD, Riccal RD and part of Howden RD (which continued in existence)
Holderness Rural District formed from Patrington RD and Skirlaugh RD
Sherburn RD abolished, split between Bridlington RD, Norton RD and part to Filey UD
Sculcoates RD abolished, mostly to Beverley RD
Great Driffield urban district made smaller and renamed Driffield, the rural part going to Nafferton parish in Driffield
Rural District
an urban district of Haltemprice formed to cover the urbanised area west of Hull, from Cottingham and Hessle urban districts, and parts of Sculcoates Rural District (including Haltemprice, West Ella and parts of other parishes)
Pocklington urban district abolished and added to Pocklington RD
Both the administrative county and the historic Lieutenancy were abolished under the Local Government Act 1972, on 1 April 1974, with most of the riding going to form the northern part of Humberside. Some parts became part of North Yorkshire, with the borough of Scarborough taking in Filey UD and part of the Bridlington Rural District, the district of Ryedale taking in Norton and the former Norton Rural District, and the district of Selby taking in the former Derwent Rural District. Humberside also included northern Lincolnshire, and Goole and the former Goole Rural District, which are in the historic West Riding.
The creation of a cross-Humber authority was unpopular, despite the promise of the Humber Bridge (which ultimately opened in 1981), and identification with Yorkshire and the East Riding remained strong (for example, North Wolds District Council change its name to East Yorkshire Borough Council in the early 1980s, with Beverley also taking the name 'East Yorkshire Borough of Beverley'). This culminated with the local government review in the 1990s, which saw Humberside abolished and the northern part form two unitary authorities.
The East Riding district was formed on 1 April 1996 from the former districts of East Yorkshire, Beverley and Holderness, along with the northern part of the Boothferry district, including the Goole area which forms part of the historic West Riding (attaching it to the districts of Selby or Doncaster were proposed but rejected). The ceremonial county, the area in which the Lord Lieutenant of the East Riding of Yorkshire represents the Crown, was re-established the same day, covering Hull as well as the district.
The East Riding has two quite distinctive and contrasting archaeological areas, the Yorkshire Wolds and the Humber Wetlands. The Yorkshire Wolds form an upland arc of chalk hills stretching from Flamborough head on the coast to the Humber Estuary at its southern end. The Humber Wetlands consist of all the land in the Humber basin that lies below 10 metres above sea level which encompasses a large part of Holderness and the valleys of the Rivers Hull and Derwent and the lower part of the River Ouse valley.
The Arctic conditions associated with the last ice age started to improve and the climate gradually became warmer about 10,000 BC. This warming-up process suffered several temporary setbacks as short, cool spells occurred which disrupted the overall momentum. By about 9,000 BC the vegetation had changed from tundra to a closed woodland, of pine and birch.
Evidence from Gransmoor, to the east of Driffield, in Holderness indicates that Late Palaeolithic people were present in East Yorkshire during the climatic transition. In 1992, a small barbed antler harpoon point was found lodged in a preserved log, thought to be either birch or rowan. This find has been dated to around 9,500 BC.
Between 8,300 and 4,000 BC, Mesolithic communities occupied the area. In the GreatWold Valley, at Willow Garth, to the west of Boynton, pollen samples of Mesolithic date, indicate that the forest cover in this area was being altered by man, and that open grasslands were being made to create grazing areas to which animals would be attracted thus making hunting easier.
In the Yorkshire Wolds there are thousands of Iron Age square barrows and hundreds of farmsteads and settlements, droveways, tracks and field systems. There is a profusion of Neolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age and Romano-British sites extending across the entire Wolds area. Some Mesolithic sites are known on the chalklands of the Yorkshire Wolds, at Craike Hill (Eastburn Warren), Garton Slack, Huggate Dykes, Huggate Wold, and Octon Wold. The Yorkshire Wolds has a wide range of favourable natural resources and so became a major focus for human settlement during the Neolithic period. Two of the most recently excavated earthen long barrows in the region are to be found at Fordon, on Willerby Wold, and at Kilham, both of which have provided radiocarbon dates of around 3,700 BC. An extensive Neolithic ritual complex, the principal elements of which are four large cursus monuments and a henge, is situated near the eastern end of the Great Wold Valley. More than 1,400 Bronze Age round barrows, are known to exist on the Yorkshire Wolds, occurring either in isolation or, more usually, grouped together to form cemeteries. In the Iron Age the distinctive local tradition known as the Arras Culture emerged and was named after the type-site, found near Market Weighton, and excavated in 1815–17. Romano British villa sites are known on the Wolds at Rudston, Harpham, Brantingham, Welton, and Wharram-le-Street. Anglo-Saxon cemeteries are known from East Yorkshire.
The Humber Wetlands Project which took place between 1992 and 2001 identified numerous prehistoric wetland sites in Holderness, the Hull Valley, the Humberhead Levels and the Vale of York. A boat found at North Ferriby, near Kingston upon Hull, has been dated as 2030 BC, which makes it the oldest of its kind in western Europe. New scientific research carried out on the remains shows it is at least 4,000 years old. The boat was one of three discovered by amateur archaeologist Ted Wright on the banks of the Humber. Historians knew that the boats were old, but only now do they know how old. New scientific techniques suggest the boat Mr Wright found in 1963 is 500 years older than everyone thought. That means it date backs more than 4,000 years to the early Bronze Age. The Ferriby site was an ideal point of departure for east/west travel along the Humber or as a crossing-point to the south bank. The Ferriby Boats were a means by which ideas, such as the decorative design of pottery, and goods such as Baltic amber and metals could arrive on the Humber shore. It has also been suggested that it may have been used to carry stones to Stonehenge.
The Battle of Stamford Bridge took place at the village of Stamford Bridge, East Riding of Yorkshire on 25 September 1066. In the battle the majority of the invading Norwegian forces were killed by the forces of King Harold Godwinson of England. It was the final fall of the Vikings in England. A fortnight after the battle, on 14 October 1066, after having marched his forces to the south coast of England, Harold was defeated and killed by Norman forces under William the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings. This began the Norman Conquest of England.
In Holderness the extensive Lordship was granted by King William I of England to Drogo de la Beuvirere, a Flemish follower. Drogo built a castle at Skipsea before 1087 but he was disgraced and his estates were confiscated by the king. The area was then given to Odo, Count of Champagne, but was taken from him when he rebelled against King William II of England in 1095. It was returned to Odo's son Stephen of Aumale in 1102. Large estates in Holderness were held by the Bishop of Durham and the Archbishop of York. Other large landowners in the area included the abbeys of Meaux and Thornton and the priories of Swine, Nunkeeling and Bridlington. These ecclesiastical estates were confiscated and became crown property when King Henry VIII of England dissolved the monasteries in the 16th century. The Yorkshire Wolds is rich in medieval sites, and is particularly well known for its deserted villages, like those at Wharram Percy and Cottam. Settlement on the Wolds during the medieval period was concentrated on the most suitable agricultural soils. The two major settlement zones are, the Great Wold Valley villages, such as Helperthorpe, Weaverthorpe, Butterwick, Foxholes, Burton Flemming and Rudston, and the east-facing slope of the Wolds including villages such as Carnaby, Haisthorpe, Thornholme, Burton Agnes, and Nafferton, all of which are sited so as to take advantage of a ration of both heavier and lighter agricultural soils.
Detail: Stained glass fragments survive in the north chapel with a faceless bishop holding a book & staff; & St Gabriel holding a scroll inscribed, "Ave gra plena dins tecum," kneeling to a now lost BVM in an Annunciation scene. This can be dated to 1420 - 1455, the period of Bishop Lacy
(According Marion Glasscoe who wrote the Church guide, the figures depicted are from left to right: St Sidwell, a the well known local Saint of Exeter, identified by the symbol of her martyrdom consisting of a large scythe; St Gabriel with luxuriant wing feathers, bearing a scroll whose inscription reads : 'Ave grac[ia] plena d[e]us tecum' which proclaims Gabriel as part of an Annunciation scene; to the right, the kneeling figure in armour with an ermine surcoat at a prayer desk with a book open before him, is most likely a member of the Chudleigh family, and a donor of the window. INFO KINDLY SUPPLIED BY STUART BIRD)
- Church of St John the Baptist, Higher Ashton Devon
Rasty Knayles, Curio & Myza420 painted this monster wall in three days. This is the biggest Converse Clash mural in the world - more than ten stories high. Well done guys, you did yourself and all Jozi painters proud. Huge respect.
The purpose of this inquiry is to consider the funding of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Wales, the financial impact of the Welsh Government’s tuition fee grant policy on HEIs and students in Wales, and whether the Welsh Government is delivering value for money in this area.
The new part time Higher Education funding policy does not come into effect until 2014 and therefore this enquiry focuses on full time Higher Education funding.
www.senedd.assemblywales.org/mgIssueHistoryHome.aspx?IId=...
Diben yr ymchwiliad hwn yw rhoi ystyriaeth i gyllido Sefydliadau Addysg Uwch yng Nghymru, i effaith ariannol polisi grant ffioedd dysgu Llywodraeth Cymru ar sefydliadau addysg uwch a myfyrwyr yng Nghymru, a gofyn, i ba raddau y mae Llywodraeth Cymru’n darparu gwerth am arian yn y maes hwn.
Nid yw’r polisi cyllido Addysg Uwch rhan-amser yn dod i rym tan 2014, ac felly mae’r ymchwiliad hwn yn canolbwyntio ar gyllido Addysg Uwch amser llawn.
www.senedd.cynulliadcymru.org/mgIssueHistoryHome.aspx?IId...
The purpose of this inquiry is to consider the funding of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Wales, the financial impact of the Welsh Government’s tuition fee grant policy on HEIs and students in Wales, and whether the Welsh Government is delivering value for money in this area.
The new part time Higher Education funding policy does not come into effect until 2014 and therefore this enquiry focuses on full time Higher Education funding.
www.senedd.assemblywales.org/mgIssueHistoryHome.aspx?IId=...
Diben yr ymchwiliad hwn yw rhoi ystyriaeth i gyllido Sefydliadau Addysg Uwch yng Nghymru, i effaith ariannol polisi grant ffioedd dysgu Llywodraeth Cymru ar sefydliadau addysg uwch a myfyrwyr yng Nghymru, a gofyn, i ba raddau y mae Llywodraeth Cymru’n darparu gwerth am arian yn y maes hwn.
Nid yw’r polisi cyllido Addysg Uwch rhan-amser yn dod i rym tan 2014, ac felly mae’r ymchwiliad hwn yn canolbwyntio ar gyllido Addysg Uwch amser llawn.
www.senedd.cynulliadcymru.org/mgIssueHistoryHome.aspx?IId...
Something very Ted Hughes about this exposed hawthorn root, snapped on a Boxing Day walk along obscure field paths in the uplands south of Praze.
The purpose of this inquiry is to consider the funding of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Wales, the financial impact of the Welsh Government’s tuition fee grant policy on HEIs and students in Wales, and whether the Welsh Government is delivering value for money in this area.
The new part time Higher Education funding policy does not come into effect until 2014 and therefore this enquiry focuses on full time Higher Education funding.
www.senedd.assemblywales.org/mgIssueHistoryHome.aspx?IId=...
Diben yr ymchwiliad hwn yw rhoi ystyriaeth i gyllido Sefydliadau Addysg Uwch yng Nghymru, i effaith ariannol polisi grant ffioedd dysgu Llywodraeth Cymru ar sefydliadau addysg uwch a myfyrwyr yng Nghymru, a gofyn, i ba raddau y mae Llywodraeth Cymru’n darparu gwerth am arian yn y maes hwn.
Nid yw’r polisi cyllido Addysg Uwch rhan-amser yn dod i rym tan 2014, ac felly mae’r ymchwiliad hwn yn canolbwyntio ar gyllido Addysg Uwch amser llawn.
www.senedd.cynulliadcymru.org/mgIssueHistoryHome.aspx?IId...
Governor Kay Ivey gave remarks to Higher Education Day lunch on the South Lawn of the State Capitol Thursday April 13, 2023 in Montgomery, Ala. (Governor’s Office /Hal Yeager)
The purpose of this inquiry is to consider the funding of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Wales, the financial impact of the Welsh Government’s tuition fee grant policy on HEIs and students in Wales, and whether the Welsh Government is delivering value for money in this area.
The new part time Higher Education funding policy does not come into effect until 2014 and therefore this enquiry focuses on full time Higher Education funding.
www.senedd.assemblywales.org/mgIssueHistoryHome.aspx?IId=...
Diben yr ymchwiliad hwn yw rhoi ystyriaeth i gyllido Sefydliadau Addysg Uwch yng Nghymru, i effaith ariannol polisi grant ffioedd dysgu Llywodraeth Cymru ar sefydliadau addysg uwch a myfyrwyr yng Nghymru, a gofyn, i ba raddau y mae Llywodraeth Cymru’n darparu gwerth am arian yn y maes hwn.
Nid yw’r polisi cyllido Addysg Uwch rhan-amser yn dod i rym tan 2014, ac felly mae’r ymchwiliad hwn yn canolbwyntio ar gyllido Addysg Uwch amser llawn.
www.senedd.cynulliadcymru.org/mgIssueHistoryHome.aspx?IId...
The University of Santo Tomas will launch the two-volume “A History of the University of Santo Tomas: Four Centuries of Higher Education in the Philippines (1611-2011)” by the highly respected Spanish Dominican historian Fr. Fidel Villarroel, OP, on Jan. 24, 6 p.m., at the UST Miguel de Benavides Central Library.
Published by the UST Publishing House, the history volumes promise to become the most comprehensive and most definitive yet of UST, Asia’s oldest university.
Because of their scope and exhaustiveness, the history books are also a veritable history of education in the Philippines.
In the book, Father Villarroel, who systematized the UST Archives and is mentor to several historians and researchers, corrects a number of “faulty” items of history.
Villarroel, for example, corrects certain details about the assassination on Oct. 11, 1719, of Gov. Fernando Bustamante, whose “character and…administration of the Islands have been judged differently by various historians.”
Villarroel takes issue with Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo’s mural at the National Art Gallery of the National Museum, which illustrates a mob of Dominican friars murdering the governor.
Villarroel writes to straighten this anomaly in history: “[Hidalgo was] misled by some advisers [to] wrongly [portray] the Spanish missionaries as the promoters of the tragic murder.” Antonio Regidor, a mason prominent for his anticlerical sentiments, was the painter’s adviser, he explains.
Villarroel said the governor and the Church came into conflict when the governor’s soldiers stormed the Manila Cathedral, thereby violating the right of sanctuary. The violation was due to the governor’s orders to recover the government inventories and official records held by a notary public who was then taking refuge in the cathedral.
Upon consultation by Bishop Francisco de la Cuesta, the Dominican experts of canon law from UST declared that “under no circumstances or conditions could civil authorities exercise jurisdiction within sacred places, even under the orders of the governor and of the audiencia.”
The governor responded by imprisoning the prelate and higher ecclesiastics, including Dominicans, Villarroel writes.
The historian’s conclusion: “At the moment of the assassination of the governor, [the friars] were far away from the scene. They were in jail.”
‘Sad Night’ account
After taking up his masters in history from the University of London, Villarroel was assigned to the Philippines to head the Spanish department of UST in 1957 and university archivist in 1959.
Villarroel also became for more than 20 years a secretary at the Apostolic Nunciature.
But perhaps Villarroel’s highest achievement would be the positio, or historical research, that he made for the beatification of Lorenzo Ruiz and companion-martyrs. As a result of Villarroel’s solid historical research, Pope John Paul II beatified Lorenzo Ruiz in 1981 in the first beatification in history outside of Rome. (Lorenzo Ruiz de Manila and his companions were canonized by the same pope in 1987.)
In 2010, the Order of Preachers (the Dominican Order) made Father Villarroel a “Master of Theology,” along with Peruvian Dominican Fr. Gustavo Gutierrez, “the Father of Liberation Theology.”
He was responsible for transforming the university archives situated in a small room—“unkempt, very dusty, disorganized and dark, with termites eating up some of the books”—in front of the UST Fathers’ Residence into one of the best facilities of research in the country where scholars, even from abroad, would do their work.
Among the important records that Villarroel catalogued were student records of UST between 1619 and 1673. The records indicated the beginnings of higher education in the Philippines.
“The degree was earned after passing a series of tests and examinations, which were prescribed by the colegio’s statutes…,” Villarroel writes about the exams in the 17th century.
There was an air of sacredness in the examination rites and practices, he writes. “These were, in fact, faithfully followed with occasional updating, until the end of the Spanish period.”
Before the conferment of a degree, he writes, the candidate must undergo the “lengthy proceedings leading to the much-feared examination, [which] was so dreaded that the examination period was referred to as the Noche Triste (Sad Night).”
The tests, Villarroel writes, required proving a candidate’s competence to a panel of experts, who would not stop throwing questions until they were satisfied.
World-class mind
The history book highlights the achievement of Cardinal Zeferino Gonzalez, “the best philosopher the [UST] has ever produced.”
“His philosophical writings contributed greatly to the historic revival of scholasticism and Thomism in Spain and in the Spanish-speaking world in the 19th century,” Villarroel writes. “In fact, he was one of the most prominent philosophers in Europe.”
A rather extensive chapter is devoted to the Thomasian cardinal in Volume II, which tackles the decline of Scholasticism that followed the Age of Enlightenment.
The restoration of Thomism (the philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas), which was spearheaded by Gonzalez, “received ecclesiastical approval and support when the Holy See officially recognized its merits,” Villarroel explains.
“Fifteen years after the publication of [Gonzalez’] ‘Estudios sobre la Filosofia de Santo Tomás,’ Pope Leo XIII issued a historic encyclical letter, Aeteni Patris, dated Aug. 4, 1879, a document considered as the Magna Carta of the revival of Thomism,” Villarroel continues.
The longtime university archivist also tells about the encyclical’s “unmistakable references to Zeferino’s [‘Estudios’],” that when it arrived in the country in 1880, the university rejoiced and, in the traditional way of Dominicans in celebrating momentous events, conducted literary programs (writing contests, performance arts and classical debate on philosophical issues), pageantry and elaborate festivals.
Meanwhile, the university press (the oldest in Asia and the second oldest in the world up to this day) immediately reprinted the encyclical in “an elegantly ornamented edition,” which was sent to the Pope as a form of thanksgiving.
While the series, of course, includes the usual narratives such as the foundation of the university and alumni like José Rizal, Villarroel objectively provides perspective and goes in-depth.
In the chapter “Student Unrest and Gom-Bur-Za (1869-1872),” the historian traces the connection between the national hero and Fr. Jose Burgos, who had received all his degrees from UST where he was also a professor.
In sum, “A History of the University of Santo Tomas,” with its 68 chapters, deserves to be the highlight of the conclusion of the fourth centennial of UST, as it affords everyone a look back and forward of a glorious institution that has withstood the test of time.
Source:
lifestyle.inquirer.net/32045/2-volume-ust-history-charts-...