Indian Railway
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The Malvaceae, or the mallows, are a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 243 genera with 4225+ species. Well-known members of this family include okra, cotton, and cacao. The largest genera in terms of number of species include Hibiscus (300 species), Sterculia (250 species), Dombeya (250 species), Pavonia (200 species), and Sida (200 species).
Large deciduous tree, occasionally on deciduous forested hills and slopes. The tree is commonly known as Kullu (in Hindi), Kandol (in Marathi) and Indian Ghost Tree (in English).
Gum karaya is exuded from Sterculia urens, a large bushy tree growing to about 30 ft (10 m) in height on the dry rocky hills and plateaus of central and northern India. Originally introduced as a substitute for gum tragacanth, many uses were found and commercial quantities increased rapidly until its use became second only to that of gum arabic.
Kavalama urens or Sterculia urens
Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Miami FL
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INDIEN, Fort Amber bei Jaipu/
Amer Palace (Hindi, also spelled and pronounced as Amber) is located in Amer, a town with an area of 4 square kilometres located 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) from Jaipur, Rajasthan state, India. Located high on a hill, it is the principal tourist attractions in the Jaipur area. The town of Amer was originally built by Meenas, and later it was ruled by Raja Man Singh.
Amer Fort is known for its artistic Hindu style elements. With its large ramparts and series of gates and cobbled paths, the fort overlooks Maota Lake. It is the main source of water for the Amer palace.
The aesthetic ambiance of the palace is seen within its walls. Constructed of red sandstone and marble, the attractive, opulent palace is laid out on four levels, each with a courtyard.
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I love that along with the usual "sa is for seb, the apple" and "bha is for bhalu, the bear," this chart also has "ya is for yajña, the Vedic fire sacrifice," and "ksha is for kshatriya, the warrior caste."
View big for full kitschy detail.
Hindu Free Hindi Geeta saar Wallpapers Wallpapers, Free Hindu Free Hindi Geeta saar Wallpapers Wallpapers, free Indian Free Hindi Geeta saar Wallpapers pics Wallpapers, Religious desktop wallpaper, Wallpapers religions, Free Religious Images, Religious pictures, Free Hindi Geeta saar Wallpaperss Wallpapers, Different religions, Religious desktop wallpaper, Wallpapers religions
I finally finished the processing of my daughter's dance show ! I guess this one deserves to be displayed. I hope you will like it.
Please view in Lightbox mode (type L) and fullscreen (F11).
Gingee (India) - Une scène pour deux mondes que tout oppose. Les énormes affiches des stars de Kollywood cinéma de l’Inde du sud dont les films sont tournés en langue tamoule. Ce nom de Kollywood est en opposition à Bollywood dont les acteurs parlent en hindi pour le nord du pays. Au pied des affiches (des célébrités qui font de la publicité pour des vêtements), manutentionnaires et livreurs en charrettes à zébus, attendent qu’on fasse appelle à leurs services. Ces travailleurs mettent rarement les pieds dans une salle de cinéma, mais, comme tout indien qui se respecte, consomment énormément de films à la télévision ou en vidéo.
Two worlds oppose each other
Gingee (India) - A scene for two completely opposing worlds. The huge posters of Kollywood cinema stars from South India whose films are shot in Tamil language. This name of Kollywood is in opposition to Bollywood whose actors speak in Hindi for the north of the country. At the foot of the posters, handlers and delivery people in zebu carts wait for their services to be called upon. These workers rarely set foot in a cinema, but, like any self-respecting Indian, consume a lot of films on television or video.
Even though Nepal has many many Buddists you occasionally see Hindus. Most of the Hindus can be picked out from the crowds by the bright clothing they wear. Most of them that I have seen have snakes of some kind. This charmer had at least 3 cobras (that I was able to count). They do not seem to be as devout as the Buddists. Its more that they are Hindis because they can charm snakes and make money at the same time.
The last refuge of Mughal Emperor Humayun reminds rather of a luxurious palace, than a tomb.
Located in the eastern part of Dehli, Humayun’s tomb is one of the best preserved Mughal monuments. This spellbinding mausoleum is the first example of Mughal architecture in India.
After a century from its construction Humayun’s tomb inspired the construction of the more famous Taj Mahal. From the point of view of the history of architecture this building is the unique connecting link between the Gur Emir, where Humayun’s ancestor Tamerlane is buried, and the mausoleum of his grandson Shah Jahan, i.e. Taj Mahal.
Humayun’s tomb was built thanks to the initiative of his widow Hamida Banu Begum, who commenced the construction of a mausoleum for her deceased husband in 1565, nine years after his death. The construction was finished in 1572.
The architecture of the tomb is strongly influenced by Persian architecture. The architect of the building Mirak Mirza Ghiyas himself was of Persian origin. Ghiyas constructed the tomb in the center of a Persian-style chaharbagh garden (translated from Farsi - four gardens) with quadrilateral form. The garden, divided in four main parts by walkways or flowing water is created to resemble the paradise garden described in the Quran. These four main parts on their turn are separated by channels to 36 parts.
From the 17th to the 19th centuries the garden was gradually filled with the tombs of Humayun’s descendants and his entourage. Several Mughal emperors are even buried inside Humayun’s mausoleum. Humayun’s mausoleum has earned the title of necropolis of the Mughal dynasty. No sepulcher in India or elsewhere contains such a high number of tombs of the Mughal emperors and their relatives. Moreover, Humayun’s tomb is the first garden-tomb on the Indian subcontinent.
The mausoleum stands on a massive platform which has a height of up to 7 meters. The building is constructed from red sandstone, while the tomb itself is made of yellow and black marble. The two-storied mausoleum is crowned with white Persian style marble dome that seems weightless and imponderable. The height of Humayun's Tomb is 47 meters, and its breadth is 91 meters.
The lower tier of this rectangular construction is decorated with graceful arches, which are located around the whole perimeter of the building. The cenotaph of the ruler is located in the center of the upper tier in a large room decorated with several rows of arched windows.
The central chamber is octagonal with corner-chambers which house the graves of other members of the royal family. The real grave of the emperor is on the basement floor.
The architecture of the mausoleum has details both from Persian architecture and Indian architectural traditions. The Persian influence can be seen in the arched alcoves, corridors and the high double dome, while Indian traditions have inspired the creation of the kiosks, which give it a pyramidal outline from distance.
Baro Bazar in Bengali , Bara Bazar in Hindi. Meaning : Big Bazar , Big Market. The biggest wholesale market in eastern India.
From Posta in the north to Canning Street in the south, and from Strand Road in the west to Chitpur Road in the east , covering almost 16 Sq.Km area.
Burrabazar expanded from a yarn and textile market into one of the largest wholesale markets in India.Burrabazar is divided into highly specialised sub-markets, according to the commodity it deals in – Dhotipatti, Fancypatti, Tulapatti, Chinipatti etc. Further subdivisions are katra, chowk or kothi. A popular saying goes, “Anything and everything is available at Burrabazar. Even the tiger's eye is available here if you pay the right price.” Each katra (market) is known for a particular item. There are approximately 25 katras in Burrabazar. At Raja Katra, which originally belonged to the Maharaja of Bardhaman, most of the shops deal in spices. At Manohar Das Katra it is mostly hardware and textile. Vikram Chand Market and Khangrapatti sell mostly electronic goods and artificial ornaments.
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Following is the Description of Burrabazar in mid-nineteenth century by Colesworthy Grant in his book Anglo-India Sketches.
"For oriental traffic, oriental tongues and oriental heads, commend me to the Burrabazar, a mart tailed on to the north end of the China bazaar and occupied and visited by traders from all parts of the east. Here may be seen the jewels of Golkanda and Bundelkhand, the shawls of Cashmere, the broad cloths of England, silks of Murshidabad and Benaras, muslins of Dacca, Calicoes, ginghams, Chintzes and beads from Coromandel, fruits and firs of Cabul, silk fabrics and brocades of Persia, spices and myrch from Ceylon, Spice Islands and Arabia, shells from the eastern coast and straits, drugs, dried fruit and sweetmeats from Arabia and Turkey, cow’s tails from Tibet and ivory from Ceylon; a great portion of these and various other articles too numerous to mention are either sold or bought by the natives from the countries where they are obtained who together with visitors, travellers and beggars form diversified group of Persians, Arabs, Jews, Marwarees, Armenians, Madrasees, Sikhs, Turks, Parsees, Chinese, Burmese and Bengalees. ". – Colesworthy Grant
Acholi – Mot ki Yomcwing Botwo Me Mwaka Manyen
Adhola – Wafayo Chamo Mbaga & Bothi Oro Manyeni
Aeka- Keremisi jai be
Afrikaans – Geseende Kerfees en ‘n gelukkige nuwe jaar
Ahtna – C’ehwggelnen Dzaenh
Aklanon – Malipayon nga Paskwa ag Mahigugmaon nga Bag-ong Dag-on
Albanian – Gëzuar Krishlindjet Vitin e Ri!
Aleut – Kamgan Ukudigaa
Alsatian – E gueti Wïnâchte & E glecklichs Nej Johr!
Alur – Wafoyo Kado Oro & Wafoyo Tundo Oro manyeni
Alutiiq – Spraasnikam & Amlertut Kiaget!
American Sign Language
Amharic – Melkam Yelidet Beaal
Amuesha – Yomprocha’ ya’ nataya
Andalusian – Felíce Pahjcua y Felí Año, or Felí Navidá y Próhjpero Año Nuevo
Angami – U kenei Christmas mu teicie kes a-u sie teicie
kesa-u sie niepete keluo shuzaie we
Apache (Western) – Gozhqq Keshmish
Arabic – I’D Miilad Said ous Sana Saida
Aragonese – Nabidà! & Goyosa Añada benién.
Aramaic – Edo bri’cho o rish d’shato brich’to!
Aranés – Bon Nadau!
Arawak – Aba satho niw jari da’wisida bon
Armenian – Shenoraavor Nor Dari yev Soorp Janunt
Aromanian – Crãciunu hãriosu shi unu anu nãu, bunu!
Araucanian – Wi tripantu in che
Asturian – Bones Navidaes & Gayoleru anu nuevu!
Assamese – Rongaali Bihur xubhessaa lobo
Ata – Maroyan na Pasko woy kaopia-an ng Bag-ong
Tuig kaniyo’t langon mga sulod
Aukan – Wi e winsi i wan bun nyun yali
Aymara – Sooma Nawira-ra
Azeri – Tezze Iliniz Yahsi Olsun
Bafut – Mboni Chrismen & Mboni Alooyefee
Bahasa/Malaysia – Selamat Hari Natal dan Tahun Baru
Bamoun – Poket Kristmet & Poket lum mfe
Banen – Enganda ye hiono mes & Hion Hios Hes
Bandang – Mbung Mbung Krismie & Mbung Mbung Ngouh Suiie
Basque – Zorionak eta Urte Berri On!
Bassa – Ngand Nwi Lam & Mwi Lam
Batak Karo – Mejuah-juah Ketuahen Natal
Bemba – Kristu abe nenu muli ino nshiku nkulu ya Mwezi
Belorussian – Winshuyu sa Svyatkami i z Novym godam!
Bengali – Shuvo Baro Din – Shuvo Nabo Barsho
Bhojpuri – Naya Sal Mubarak Ho
Bicolano – Maugmang Capascuhan asin Masaganang Ba-gong Taon!
Bislama – Mi wisim yufala eerywan one gutfala Krismas
& mo wan hapi New Year long
Blaan – Pye duh di kaut Kristo klu munt ug Felemi Fali!
Blackfoot – I’Taamomohkatoyiiksistsikomi
Bohemian/Czech – Prejeme Vam Vesele Vanoce a Stastny novy rok
Brahui – Arkas caik xuda are
Breton – Nedeleg laouen na bloav ezh mat
Bulgarian – Chestita Koleda i Shtastliva Nova Godina
Bulu – Duma e bo’o
Bura – e be Zambe e Usa ma ka Kirisimassu
Catalan – Bon Nadal i feliç any nou!
Cantonese – Seng Dan Fai Lok, Sang Nian Fai Lok
Carib – Sirito kypoton ra’a
Carrier – Zoo dungwel & Soocho nohdzi doghel
Carolinian – Ameseighil ubwutiiwel Layi Luugh me raagh fee
Cebuano – Malipayong Pasko ug Bulahang Bag-ong Tuig!
Chamorro – Filis Pasgua & Filis Anu Nuebo
Chaha Bogem h n mh m & Boxem as nana-h m
Chamba – Wi na ge nyare Su dome Kirismass
Chavacano – Felices Pascua y Prospero Anyo Nuevo
Cherokee – Danistayohihv & Aliheli’sdi Itse Udetiyvsadisv
Cheyenne – Hoesenestotse & Aa’e Emona’e
Chichewa – Moni Wa Chikondwelero Cha Kristmasi
Chiga – Mwebare khuhika – Ha Noel
Choctaw – Yukpa, Nitak Hollo Chito
Cornish – Nadelik looan na looan blethen noweth
Corsican – Bon Natale e Bon capu d’ annu
Cree – Mitho Makosi Kesikansi
Creek – Afvcke Nettvcakorakko
Creole/Seychelles – Bonn e Erez Ane
Croatian – Sretan Bozic
Dagbani – Ni ti Burunya Chou & Mi ti yuun
Damara/Nama – Khiza
Danish – Glædelig Jul og godt nytår
Dibabawon – Marayaw na Pasko aw Bag-ong Tui g kaniyo tibo na mga soon
Dinka – Miet puou yan dhiedh Banyda tene Yin
Dine/Navajo – Ya’at’eeh Keshmish
Divehi – Ufaaveri aa ahareh
Dschang – Chrismi a lekah Nguo Suieh
Duri – Christmas-e- Shoma Mobarak
Dutch – Vrolijk Kerstfeest en een Gelukkig Nieuwjaar!
Egyptian – Colo sana wintom tiebeen
English – Merry Christmas & Happy New Year
Eritrean – Rehus-Beal-Ledeat
Esperanto – Gajan Kristnaskon & Bonan Novjaron
Estonian – Rõõmsaid Jõulupühi ja Head uut aastat
Ethiopian – enkuan le berhane ledtu adrswo
Éwé – Blunya na wo
Ewondo – Mbemde abog abyali nti! Mbembe Mbu!
Faroese – gleðilig jól og eydnuríkt nýggjár!
Fali – Use d’h Krismass
Farsi – Sal-e no mubarak
Fijian – Me Nomuni na marau ni siga ni sucu dei na yabaki vou
Finnish – Hyvää Joulua or Hauskaa Joulua – 0nnellista uutta vuotta
Flemish – Zalig Kerstfeest en Gelukkig nieuw jaar
French – Joyeux Noël et Bonne Année!
Frisian – Noflike Krystdagen en in protte Lok en Seine yn it Nije Jier!
Friulian – Bon Nadâl e Bon An Gnûf
Fulfulde – Jabbama be salla Kirismati
Gaddang – Mangamgam Bawa a dawun sikua diaw amin
Galician – Bon Nadal e Bo Ani Novo
Gari – !Soalokia God i gotu vasau, mi lao ke ba na
rago vanigira ara dou i matana!
Gciriku – Mfiyawidi yaKrisimisa & Marago ghaMwaka waUpe
Georgian – Gilotsavt Krist’es Shobas & Gilosavt akhal ts’els
German – Fröhliche Weihnachten und ein glückliches Neues Jahr!
Gikuyu – Gia na Thigukuu njega Na MwakaM weru wi Gikeno
Gitskan – Hisgusgitxwsim Ha’niisgats Christ gankl Ama Sii K’uuhl!
Golin – Yesu kule nongwa kaun umaribe ongwa ena mone di mile wai wen milo
Greek – Kala Christougenna Ki’eftihismenos O Kenourios Chronos
Greenlandic – Juullimi Ukiortaassamilu Pilluarit
Guahibo – Pexania Navidadmatacabi piginia pexaniapejanawai paxainaename
Guambiano – Navidadwan Tabig tugagunrrigay & Sru pilawan kasrag utunrrigay
Guarani – Avyaitete ahi ko Tupa ray arape qyrai Yy Kapyryin rira
Guarayu – Imboeteipri tasecoi Tupa i vave! & Ivve ava Tupa
rembiaisu toyuvirecoi turpi oyeaisusa pipe!
Gujarati – Natal ni shub kaamnao & Saal Mubarak
Gwere – Osusuku Omusa & Masuke Omwaka
Gwich’in – Drin tsal zhit shoh ohlii & Drin Choo zhit zhoh ohlii
Han – Drin tsul zhit sho ahlay & Drin Cho zhit sho ahlay
Hausa – Barka da Kirsimatikuma Barka da Sabuwar Shekara!
Hawaiian – Mele Kalikimaka & Hauoli Makahiki Hou
Haya – Waihuka na Noeli & Waihhuka n ‘Omwaka
Hebrew – Mo’adim Lesimkha. Shanah Tova
Heiban – Ati kalo gathje uwa gigih
Herero- Okresmesa ombwa Ombura ombe ombwa
Hiligaynon – Malipayon nga paskua & Malipayon Nga Bag-ong tuig
Hindi – Shubh Naya Baras
Holo – Seng-tan khoai-lok!
Hmong – Nyob Zoo Xyoo Tahiab
Hungarian – Kellemes karácsonyi ünnepeket és Boldog újévet!
Hungduan – Maphon au nitungawan. Apo Dios Kituwen baron di toon
Iban – Selamat Ari Krismas enggau Taun Baru
Ibanag – nga Pascua
Icelandic – Gleðileg Jól og Farsaelt Komandi ár!
Igbo – Ekelere m gi maka Keresimesi na ubochi izizi afo ozo
Ikiribati – Te Mauri, Te Raoi ao Te Tabomoa nakoimi nte Kirimati ao te Ririki ae Bou
Ilocano – Naimbag a Pascua ken Naragsac nga Baro nga Tawen!
Imbongu – Gotenga malo Jisasi Karaist
Indonesian – Selamat Hari Natal & Selamat Tahun Baru
Inuktitut- quviasupvisiutsiarit arraagurmilu nutaami !
Inupiaq – Annaurri Aniruq & Paglaun Ukiutchiaq
Inupiatun – Quvianaq Agaayuniqpak
Iraqi – Idah Saidan Wa Sanah Jadidah
Irish – Nollaig Shona Dhuit
Iroquois – Ojenyunyat Sungwiyadeson homungradon nagwutut & Ojenyunyat osrasay
Italian – Buon Natale e Felice Anno Nuovo
Japanese – Shinnen omedeto. Kurisumasu Omedeto
Javanese – Sugeng Natal lan warsa enggal
Jèrriais – Bouan Noué et Bouanne Année
Kabyle – Assegwas ameggaz
Kadazan – Kotobian Tadau Do Krimas om Toun Vagu
Kahua – Na vagevageha surireua na Kirisimasi ma na harisi naoru
Kala Lagaw Ya – Ngi ngayka Koei trimal Kaz
Kambaata – eman haaro wegga illisholce
Kamba – Ithiwa na Kisimsi Kiseo & Na Mwaka Mweu Museo
Kannada – Hosa Varushada Subhasayagalu
Karelian – Rastawanke Sinun, Uvven Vuvenke Sinun
Kaqchiquel – Dios tik’ujie’ avik’in
Kashmiri – Christmas Id Mubarak
Kawalib – Amirnar Krismas Gi
Khasi – Krismas basuk & Snem thymmai basuk
Kimeru – ugie na thigunku ijega na mwaka jumweru
Kinyarwanda – Umunsi Mwiza
Kirundi – Noeli Nziza & Umwaka Mwiza
Kom – Isangle Krismen & Isangle beng i fue
Konkoni – Khushal borit Natalam
Korafe – Keremisi ewewa
Korean Sung Tan Chuk Ha
Kosraean – Tok Tapeng & Engan ya sasu
Koyukon – Denaahto’ Hoolaank Dedzaanh Sodeelts’eeyh
Krio – Appi Krismes en Appi Niu Yaa
Kuanua – A Bona Lukara na Kinakava
Kurdish – Seva piroz sahibe u sersala te piroz be
Kwangali – Kerekemisa zongwa & Erago moMumvho gomupe
Kyrghyz – JangI jIlIngIz guttuu bolsun!
Ladin – Bon Nadel y Bon Ann Nuef
Lakota – Wanikiya tonpi wowiyuskin & Omaka teca oiyokipi
Lamnsó – Kisheri ke Kisimen & Vijung ve kiya kefiyki
Lango – Afoyo Chamo Mwake & Apoyo Mwaka Manyeni
Latin – Pax hominibus bonae voluntatis
Latvian – Prieci’gus Ziemsve’tkus un Laimi’gu Jauno Gadu!+
Lausitzian – Wjesole hody a strowe nowe leto
Lebanese – Milad Saeed wa Sanaa Mubarakah
Limburgisch – ne gooie keersmès en e zaolig nujjaor!
Lithuanian – Linksmu Kaledu ir laimingu Nauju metu
Livonian – Jovi talshpivdi un Vondzist uto aigasto
Lower Tanana – Bet’oxdilt’ayi bedena’ ch’exulanhde dranh ninoxudedhet
Lozi – Kilisimasi ya nyakalalo & Silimo se sinca sa tabo
Luganda – Amazalibwa Agesanyu & N’Omwaka Omujaa Ogwemirembe
Lugbara – Enyaa Krismas moke dika efii eli o’diru ria moke
Luhya – Isuguku Indahi & Nu Muhiga Musha
Luo – Sikuku Mar Higa Kod Mor & Mar Kiga Manyien
Luritja – Wai! Nyuntu Larya?
Luxembourgeois – Schéi Krëschtdeeg an e Schéint Néi Joer
Macedonian – Srekan Bozik I Nova Godina
Madura – Pada salamet sabhala bengko areja
Makassar – Salama’ Natal & Selamat Tahun baru
Arahaba tratry ny Krismasy
Mambwe – Kristu aye namwe umu nsikunkulu ino iya Mwezi
Malayan – Selamat Hari Natal
Malayalam – Christumas Mangalangalangal & Puthuvalsara Aashamsakal
Maltese – Nixtieqlek Milied Tajjeb u Sena Tajba
Mandarin – Kung His Hsin Nien bing Chu Shen Tan
Mandobo – Mepiya Pagasaulog sa pagka-otawni Jesus aw maontong kaling Omay!
Mangyan – Mayad paq Pasko kag
Mansaka – Madyaw na Pasko aw malipayong Bag-ong Tuig kamayo, mga lumon
Manx – Nollick ghennal as blein vie noa
Maori – Kia orana e kia manuia rava i teia Kiritimeti e te Mataiti Ou
Marathi – Shub Naya Varsh
Margi – Use aga Kirismassi
Marshallese – Monono ilo raaneoan Nejin & Jeramman ilo iio in ekaal
Mataco-Mataguayo – Lesilatyaj ihi Dios ta i ppule ye, Letamsek ihi wichi ta Dios ikojejthi ta i honat e
Maya/Yucateco – Utzul mank’inal
Medlpa – Enim Mutuiyo!
Meithei – Krismas Hlomum & Kumthar Lawmum
Mingrelian – k’irses mugoxuamant & axal ts’anas mugoxuamant
Mongolian – Zul saryn bolon shine ony mend devshuulye
Monégasque – Festusu Natale e Bona ana noeva
Moro – Nidli pred naborete nano
Moru – Medu amiri ovuru Yesu opi amaro
Muyu – Lip Ki amun aa Natal Kowe
Naasioi – Tampara Kirisimaasi
Naskapi – miywaaitaakun mikusaanor & kiyaa maamiyupiyaakw minuwaach pipuun
Ndjem – Mbeya mbeya Ebiel & Mbeya mbeya mbu
Ndogo – Esimano olyaKalunga gwokombandambanda! & Nombili kombanda yevi maantu e ya hokwa!
Ndonga – Okrismesa iwa & Omude Mupe wa Punikwa
Nepali – krist Yesu Ko Shuva Janma Utsav Ko Upalaxhma Hardik Shuva & Naya Barsa Ko harkik Shuvakamana
Newari – Nhu Da Ya Vintuna
Nii – Nim Ono
Niuean – Monuina a Aho Kilisimasi mo e Tau Foou
Norweigan/Nynorsk – eg ynskjer hermed dykk alle ein god jul og godt nyttår
Norweigan/Bokmål – God Jul og Godt Nyttår
Notu/Ewage – Keremisi dave be
Nyanja – Kristu akhale ndi inu munyengo ino ya Christmas
Nyankore Mukhulukhe Omwaka
Occitan – Polit nadal e bona annada
Ojibwe (Chippewa) – Niibaa’ anami’egiizhigad & Aabita Biboon
Oneida – Wanto’wan amp; Hoyan
Oriya – Sukhamaya christmass ebang khusibhara naba barsa
Orokaiva – Keremisi javotoho
Oromo – baga wagaa hara isinin gaye
Palauan – Ungil Kurismas
Pompangan – Malugud Pascu at saca Masayang Bayung Banua!
Pangasinan – Maabig ya pasko & Maliket ya balon taon
Papiamento – Bon Pasco i Feliz Aña Nobo
Pashto – De Christmas akhtar de bakhtawar au newai kal de mubarak sha.
Pennsylvania German – En frehlicher Grischtdaag unen hallich Nei Yaahr!
Pohnpeian – Peren en Krismas & Peren en Parakapw
Polish – Wesolych Swiat i Szczesliwego Nowego Roku.
Portuguese – Boas Festas e um feliz Ano Novo
Punjabi – Nave sal di mubaraka
Pashto – Christmas Aao Ne-way Kaal Mo Mobarak Sha
Q’anjob’al – chi woche swatx’ilal hak’ul yet yalji Komami’
Quechua – Sumaj kausay kachun Navidad ch’sisipi & Mosoi Watapi sumaj kausay kachun
Quiche’ – Dioa kkje’ awuk’
Rapa-Nui – Mata-Ki-Te-Rangi & Te-Pito-O-Te-Henua
Rarotongan – Kia akakakaia te Atua i runga i te rangi Teitei,
e ei au to to teianei ao, e kia aroaia mai te tangata nei.
Rengma – Anu keghi Christmas nu amapi kethighi wa salam pi nthu chupenle
Rheto-Romance – Bella Festas daz Nadal ed in Ventiravel Onn Nov
Romani – Bachtalo krecunu Thaj Bachtalo Nevo Bers
Romanian – Craciun fericit si un An Nou fericit!
Rongmei – Mei kathui nata neila mei Khrisrmas akhatni gai mei tingkum kathan tu-na arew we
Roviana – Mami tataru Kirisimasi koa gamu doduru meke qetu qetu vuaheni vaqura ia
Russian – Pozdrevlyayu s prazdnikom Rozhdestva i s Novim Godom
Salar – YangI yilingiz gotlI bulsIn!
Sambal – Maligayang Pasko at Masayang Ba-yon Taon!
Sámi – Buorit Juovllat ja Buorre Oddajahki
Saamia – Muwule Omwaka Enjaya
Samoan – Ia manuia le Kilisimasi ma le tausaga fou
Sango -Gloire na Nzapa na ndouzou aho kouè, Na siriri na ndo sessé na popo ti ajo so amou nguia na Lo.
Santali – Raska nawa Serma
Saramaccan – Nuan wan suti jai o!
Sardinian – Bonu nadale e prosperu annu nou
Scots Gaelic – Nollaig chridheil agus Bliadhna mhath ur!
Secoya -Sihuanu’u Ejaerepa aide’ose’ere & Sihuana’u huaje ametecahue
Semandang – Selemat gawai Natal
Seneca – a:o’-e:sad yos-ha:-se:’
Serbian – Sretan Bozic. Vesela Nova Godine
Sicilian – Bon Natali e Prosperu Annu Novu !
Sinhala – Subha nath thalak Vewa. Subha Aluth Awrudhak Vewa
Slavey – Teyatie Gonezu
Soga – Mwisuka Sekukulu
Songe – Kutandika kua Yesu kuibuwa! & Kipua kipia kibuwa!
Sorani – Newroz le to Piroz be
Sorbian – Wjesole hody a strowe Nowe leto.
Somali – ciid wanaagsan iyo sanad cusub oo fiican.
Sotho/North – Mahlatsi a Matswalo a Morena le Ngwaga o Moswa
Sotho/South – Litakalerso Tse Monate Tsa Kere Semese Le Mahlohonolo a Selemo Se Secha
Slovakian – Vesele Vianoce a stastny novy rok
Slovene – Vesele bozicne praznike in srecno novo leto
Sorbian – Wjesole hody a strowe Nowe leto
Spanish – Feliz Navidad y Próspero Año Nuevo
Sranan – Wan switi kresneti nanga wan bun nyun yari!
Subanen – Piak Pasko Pu Piag Bago Tawn
Sudanese – Wilujeng Natal Sareng Warsa Enggal
Suena – Kerisimsi kokopai
Surigaonon – Malipayon na pasko sanan bag-on tuig!
Swahili – ºKrismas Njema Na Heri Za Mwaka Mpyaº
Swazi – sinifisela khisimusi lomuhle nemnyaka lomusha lomuhle
Swedish – God Jul och Gott Nytt År
Tagalog – Maligayang Pasko at Manigong Bagong Taon
Tahitian – Ia ora i te Noere e ia ora na i te matahiti ‘api
Tagakaulu – Madyaw Pagsalog sa Pagka-otaw ni Jesus & Aw mauntong na bago Umay!
Tala Andig – Maayad ha pasko daw bag-ong tuig
Tamazight – Asseggwas Ameggaz
Tarifit – Asuggas Asa’di
Tamil – Nathar Puthu Varuda Valthukkal
Tanaina – Natukda Nuuphaa
Tasmanian – munto ag lag unti frinto ling dum ach tak
Tayal – Pqaquasta ta. Pquasta hentang na Jesu
Telugu – Christmas Shubhakaankshalu & Nootana Samvatchara Subhakanshalu
Thai – Suksan Wan Christmas lae Sawadee Pee Mai
Tlingit – Xristos Khuwdziti kax sh kaxtoolxetl
Tok Pisin – Meri Krismas & Hepi Nu Yia
Tokelau – Ke whakamanuia te Kirihimahi & Tauhaga Fou fiafia
Tonga – Kristo abe anduwe muciindo ca Christmas
Tongan – Kilisimasi Fiefia & Ta’u fo’ou monu ia
Toraja – Salama’ Natal & Selama’ taun baru
Trukese – Neekirissimas annim oo iyer seefe feyiyeech!
Tshiluba – Diledibua dilenga dia Mfumu – Tshidimu tshipia – tshipia th silenga
Tswana – Keresemose o monate le masego a ngwaga o montsha
Tubetube – Yayaliyaya Yesu sikabi kaiwena
Tumbuka – Kristu wabe namwe munyengo ya Christmas
Turkish – Noeliniz Ve Yeni Yiliniz Kutlu Olsun
Tutchone/Northern – Ut’ohudinch’i Hulin Dzenu & Eyum nan ek’an nenatth’at danji te yesohuthin ch’e hadaatle sh’o
Ukrainian – Veseloho Vam Rizdva i Shchastlyvoho Novoho Roku!
Umbundu – Natale, Natale, Oyo O Natale & Eteke Lio Bowano, Illimo Ciwa
Urdu – Naya Saal Mubarak Ho
Uvean – Italo fa ide tau fou nei eseke
Uyghur – YanghI yiling ahlqIs bolgey!
Valencian – Bon Nadal i millor any nou
Vespi – Rastvoidenke i Udenke Vodenke
Vietnamese – Chuc Mung Giang Sinh – Chuc Mung Tan Nien
Votian – Yvaa rashtagoa! & Yvaa uutta vootta!
Waray-Waray – Maupay nga Pasko ngan Mainuswagon nga Bag-o nga Tuig!
Warlpiri – Miri Kirijimiji & Nyuntunpa Ngurrju nyayirni yapa
Welsh – Nadolig LLawen a Blwyddyn Newydd Dda
Yup’ik/Central – Alussistuaqegcikici
Yupik/Siberian – Quyanalghii Kuusma & Quyangalleq Nutaghamun Aymiqulleq
Xhosa – Siniqwenelela Ikrisimesi EmnandI Nonyaka Omtsha Ozele Iintsikelelo Namathamsanqa
Yiddish – Gute Vaynakhtn un a Gut Nay Yor
Yoruba – E ku odun, e ku iye’ dun!
Zarma – Barka da Issa hay-yan hann & Barka da djiri barey-yan
Zaza – Newroz’a tu Piroz be
Zia – Kerisimasi wosewa
Zime – El ma ka bar vra aso vei Lu & El ma ka kim na mireu
Zulu – Sinifesela Ukhisimusi Omuhle Nonyaka Omusha Onempumelelo
शहद एक प्राकृतिक मधुर पदार्थ है जो मधुमक्खियों द्वारा फूलों के रस को चूसकर तथा उसमें अतिरिक्त पदार्थों को मिलाने के बाद छत्ते के कोषों में एकत्र करने के फलस्वरूप बनता है। शहद का स्वाद बहुत ही मीठा होता है। शहद के प्रयोग से हमारे शरीर के कई रोग दूर हो सकते है। शहद का इस्तेमाल प्राकृतिक सौंदर्य पा...
++++++++ FROM WIKIPEDIA ++++++++++
Kalimpong is a hill station in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is located at an average elevation of 1,250 metres (4,101 ft). The town is the headquarters of the Kalimpong district.The Indian Army's 27 Mountain Division is located on the outskirts of the town.
Kalimpong is known for its educational institutions, many of which were established during the British colonial period.[5] It used to be a gateway in the trade between Tibet and India before China's annexation of Tibet and the Sino-Indian War. Kalimpong and neighbouring Darjeeling were major centres calling for a separate Gorkhaland state in the 1980s, and more recently in 2010.
The municipality sits on a ridge overlooking the Teesta River and is a tourist destination owing to its temperate climate, magnificent Himalayan beauty and proximity to popular tourist locations in the region. Horticulture is important to Kalimpong: It has a flower market notable for its wide array of orchids; nurseries, which export Himalayan grown flower bulbs, tubers and rhizomes, contribute to the economy of Kalimpong.[2] Home to Nepalisindigenous Lepchas, other ethnic groups and non-native immigrants from other parts of India, the town is a religious centre of Buddhism. The Tibetan Buddhist monastery Zang Dhok Palri Phodang holds a number of rare Tibetan Buddhist scriptures.[6]
The Kalimpong Science Centre, established under the Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council (DGHC) in 2008 is a recent addition to its many tourist attractions. The Science Centre, which provides for scientific awareness among the students of the town and the locals sits atop the Deolo Hill.
Name origin
The precise etymology of the name Kalimpong remains unclear. There are many theories on the origin of the name. One widely accepted theory claims that the name "Kalimpong" means "Assembly (or Stockade) of the King's Ministers" in Tibetan, derived from kalon ("King's ministers") and pong ("stockade"). It may be derived from the translation "ridge where we play" from Lepcha, as it was known to be the place for traditional tribal gatherings for summer sporting events. People from the hills call the area Kalempung ("the black spurs").[7]
According to K.P. Tamsang, author of The Untold and Unknown Reality about the Lepchas, the term Kalimpong is deduced from the name Kalenpung, which in Lepcha means "Hillock of Assemblage";[8] in time, the name was distorted to Kalebung, and later further contorted to Kalimpong. Another possible derivation points to Kaulim, a fibrous plant found in abundance in the region.[9]
History
Katherine Graham Memorial Chapel, Dr. Graham's Homes
The Clock Tower of Kalimpong.
Until the mid-19th century, the area around Kalimpong was ruled in succession by the Sikkimese and Bhutanese kingdoms.[8][10] Under Sikkimese rule, the area was known as Dalingkot.[11] In 1706, the king of Bhutan won this territory from the Sikkimese monarch and renamed it Kalimpong.[11] Overlooking the Teesta Valley, Kalimpong is believed to have once been the forward position of the Bhutanese in the 18th century. The area was sparsely populated by the indigenous Lepcha community and migrant Bhutia and Limbu tribes.
After the Anglo-Bhutan War in 1864, the Treaty of Sinchula (1865) was signed, in which Bhutanese held territory east of the Teesta River was ceded to the British East India Company.[8] At that time, Kalimpong was a hamlet, with only two or three families known to reside there.[12] The first recorded mention of the town was a fleeting reference made that year by Ashley Eden, a government official with the Bengal Civil Service. Kalimpong was added to district of Darjeeling in 1866. In 1866–1867 an Anglo-Bhutanese commission demarcated the common boundaries between the two, thereby giving shape to the Kalimpong subdivision and the Darjeeling district.[13]
After the war, the region became a subdivision of the Western Duars district, and the following year it was merged with the district of Darjeeling.[8] The temperate climate prompted the British to develop the town as an alternative hill station to Darjeeling, to escape the scorching summer heat in the plains. Kalimpong's proximity to the Nathu La and Jelep La passes (La means "pass"), offshoots of the ancient Silk Road, was an added advantage. It soon became an important trading outpost in the trade of furs, wools and food grains between India and Tibet.[14] The increase in commerce attracted large numbers of Nepali's from the neighbouring Nepal and the lower regions of Sikkim, the areas where, Nepali's were residing since the Gorkha invasion of Sikkim in 1790. The movement of people into the area, transformed Kalimpong from a small hamlet with a few houses, to a thriving town with increased economic prosperity. Britain assigned a plot within Kalimpong to the influential Bhutanese Dorji family, through which trade and relations with Bhutan flowed. This later became Bhutan House, a Bhutanese administrative and cultural centre.[15][16][17]
The arrival of Scottish missionaries saw the construction of schools and welfare centres for the British.[12] Rev. W. Macfarlane in the early 1870s established the first schools in the area.[12] The Scottish University Mission Institution was opened in 1886, followed by the Kalimpong Girls High School. In 1900, Reverend J.A. Graham founded the Dr. Graham's Homes for destitute Anglo-Indian students.[12] The young missionary (and aspiring writer and poet) Aeneas Francon Williams, aged 24, arrived in Kalimpong in 1910 to take up the post of assistant schoolmaster at Dr. Graham's Homes,[18] where he later became Bursar and remained working at the school for the next fourteen years.[19] From 1907 onwards, most schools in Kalimpong had started offering education to Indian students. By 1911, the population comprised many ethnic groups, including Nepalis, Lepchas, Tibetans, Muslims, the Anglo-Indian communities. Hence by 1911, the population had swollen to 7,880.[12]
Following Indian independence in 1947, Kalimpong became part of the state of West Bengal, after Bengal was partitioned between India and East Pakistan. With China's annexation of Tibet in 1959, many Buddhist monks fled Tibet and established monasteries in Kalimpong. These monks brought many rare Buddhist scriptures with them. In 1962, the permanent closure of the Jelep Pass after the Sino-Indian War disrupted trade between Tibet and India, and led to a slowdown in Kalimpong's economy. In 1976, the visiting Dalai Lama consecrated the Zang Dhok Palri Phodang monastery, which houses many of the scriptures.[12]
Most large houses in Kalimpong were built during the British era. In the background is Mount Kangchenjunga.
Morgan House is a classic example of colonial architecture in Kalimpong.
Between 1986 and 1988, the demand for a separate state of Gorkhaland and Kamtapur based on ethnic lines grew strong. Riots between the Gorkha National Liberation Front (GNLF) and the West Bengal government reached a stand-off after a forty-day strike. The town was virtually under siege, and the state government called in the Indian army to maintain law and order. This led to the formation of the Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council, a body that was given semi-autonomous powers to govern the Darjeeling district, except the area under the Siliguri subdivision. Since 2007, the demand for a separate Gorkhaland state has been revived by the Gorkha Janmukti Morcha and its supporters in the Darjeeling hills.[20] The Kamtapur People's Party and its supporters' movement for a separate Kamtapur state covering North Bengal have gained momentum.[21]
Geography
A view from the Deolo Resort, atop Deolo Hill, Kalimpong's highest point
The town centre is on a ridge connecting two hills, Deolo Hill and Durpin Hill,[12] at an elevation of 1,247 m (4,091 ft). Deolo, the highest point in Kalimpong, has an altitude of 1,704 m (5,591 ft) and Durpin Hill is at an elevation of 1,372 m (4,501 ft). The River Teesta flows in the valley below and separates Kalimpong from the state of Sikkim. The soil in the Kalimpong area is typically reddish in color. Occasional dark soils are found due to extensive existence of phyllite and schists.[22] The Shiwalik Hills, like most of the Himalayan foothills, have steep slopes and soft, loose topsoil, leading to frequent landslides in the monsoon season.[22] The hills are nestled within higher peaks and the snow-clad Himalayan ranges tower over the town in the distance. Mount Kanchenjunga at 8,586 m (28,169 ft) the world's third tallest peak,[23] is clearly visible from Kalimpong.[2]
View of the Himalaya range
Kalimpong has five distinct seasons: spring, summer, autumn, winter and the monsoons. The annual temperature ranges from a high of 30 °C (86 °F) to a low of 9 °C (48 °F). Summers are mild, with an average maximum temperature of 30 °C (86 °F) in August.[24] Summers are followed by the monsoon rains which lash the town between June and September. The monsoons are severe, often causing landslides which sequester the town from the rest of India. Winter lasts from December to February, with the maximum temperature being around 15 °C (59 °F). During the monsoon and winter seasons, Kalimpong is often enveloped by fog.[25]
Economy
Oranges grown in the hillsides are exported to many parts of India.
Tourism is the most significant contributor to Kalimpong's economy.[26] The summer and spring seasons are the most popular with tourists, keeping many of town's residents employed directly and indirectly. The town—earlier an important trade post between India and Tibet—hopes to boost its economy after the reopening of the Nathu La (pass) in April 2006.[27] Though this has resumed Indo–China border trades,[28] it is expected that Kalimpong will have a better chance of revival as a hub for Indo–China trades if the demand of local leaders for reopening of Jelep La pass also is met.[28]
Kalimpong is a major ginger growing area of India. Kalimpong and the state of Sikkim together contribute 15 percent of ginger produced in India.[29] The Darjeeling Himalayan hill region is internationally famous for its tea industry.[30] However, most of the tea gardens are on the western side of Teesta river (towards the town of Darjeeling) and so tea gardens near Kalimpong contribute only 4 percent of total tea production of the region. In Kalimpong division, 90 percent of land is cultivable but only 10 percent is used for tea production.[31] Kalimpong is well known for its flower export industry—especially for its wide array of indigenous orchids and gladioli.[32]
A significant contributor to the town's economy is education sector.[26] The schools of Kalimpong, besides imparting education to the locals, attract a significant number of students from the plains, the neighbouring state of Sikkim and countries such as Bhutan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Thailand.[26]
Many establishments cater to the Indian army bases near the town, providing it with essential supplies. Small contributions to the economy come by the way of the sale of traditional arts and crafts of Sikkim and Tibet. Government efforts related to sericulture, seismology, and fisheries provide a steady source of employment to many of its residents.
Kalimpong is well renowned for its cheese, noodles and lollipops. Kalimpong exports a wide range of traditional handicrafts, wood-carvings, embroidered items, bags and purses with tapestry work, copper ware, scrolls, Tibetan jewellery and artifacts.[32][33]
Transport
NH31A winds along the banks of the river Teesta near Kalimpong.
Kalimpong is located off the National Highway 31A (NH31A), which links Sevok to Gangtok. The NH31A is an offshoot of the NH 31, which connects Sevok to Siliguri.[34] These two National Highways together, via Sevok, links Kalimpong to the plains.[35] Regular bus services and hired vehicles connect Kalimpong with Siliguri and the neighbouring towns of Kurseong, Darjeeling and Gangtok. Four wheel drives are popular means of transport, as they can easily navigate the steep slopes in the region. However, road communication often get disrupted in the monsoons due to landslides. In the town, people usually travel by foot. Residents also use bicycle, two-wheelers and hired taxis for short distances.
The nearest airport is in Bagdogra near Siliguri, about 80 kilometres (50 mi) from Kalimpong. Air India, Jet Airways and Druk Air (Bhutan) are the four major carriers that connect the airport to Delhi, Kolkata, Paro (Bhutan), Guwahati and Bangkok (Thailand). The closest major railway station is New Jalpaiguri, on the outskirts of Siliguri,[2] which is connected with almost all major cities of the country.
Demographics
Population growth
At the 2011 India census,[37] Kalimpong town area had a population of 42,988, of which 52% were male and 48% female.[37]
At the 2001 census,[38] Kalimpong had an average literacy rate of 79%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy was 84%, and female literacy was 73%. In Kalimpong, 8% of the population was under 6 years of age. The Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes population for Kalimpong was 5,100 and 5,121 respectively.[39]
Civic administration
Kalimpong is the headquarters of the Kalimpong district. The semi-autonomous Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council (DGHC), set up by the West Bengal government in 1988, administers this district as well as the Darjeeling Sadar and Kurseong subdivisions.[40] Kalimpong elects eight councillors to the DGHC, who manages the departments of Public Health, Education, Public Works, Transport, Tourism, Market, Small scale industries, Agriculture, Agricultural waterways, Forest (except reserved forests), Water, Livestock, Vocational Training and Sports and Youth services.[41] The district administration of Darjeeling, which is the authoritative body for the departments of election, panchayat, law and order, revenue, etc., also acts as an interface of communication between the Council and the State Government.[41] The rural area in the district covers three community development blocks Kalimpong I, Kalimpong II and Gorubathan consisting of forty-two gram panchayats.[42] A Sub-Divisional Officer (SDO) presides over the Kalimpong subdivision. Kalimpong has a police station that serves the municipality and 18 gram panchayats of Kalimpong–I CD block.[43]
The Kalimpong municipality, which was established in 1945,[39] is in charge of the infrastructure of the town such as potable water and roads. The municipal area is divided into twenty-three wards.[44] Kalimpong municipality is constructing additional water storage tanks to meet the requirement of potable water, and it needs an increase of water supply from the 'Neora Khola Water Supply Scheme' for this purpose.[45] Often, landslides occurring in monsoon season cause havoc to the roads in and around Kalimpong.[46] The West Bengal State Electricity Distribution Corporation Limited (WBSEDCL) provides electricity here.[47] Renewable Energy Development Agency of the state has plans to promote usage of solar street lights in Kalimpong and proposed an energy park here to sell renewable energy gadgets.[48] The Public Works Department is responsible for the road connecting the town to the National Highway–NH-31A.[49] The Kalimpong municipality has a total of 10 health care units, with a total of 433 bed capacity.[50]
The Kalimpong assembly constituency, which is an assembly segment of the Darjeeling parliamentary constituency, elects one member of the Vidhan Sabha of West Bengal.[51]
People, culture, and cuisine
The Zang Dhok Palri Phodang monastery atop Durpin Hill
The original settlers of Kalimpong are the Lepchas, although the majority of the populace are ethnic Nepali, having migrated from Nepal to Kalimpong in search of jobs while it was under British rule.[52]
Indigenous ethnic groups include the Newars, Bhutia, Sherpas, Limbus, Rais, Magars,[53] Chettris, Bahuns, Thakuris, Gurungs, Tamangs, Yolmos, Bhujels, Sunuwars, Sarkis, Damais and the Kamis.[54] The other non-native communities as old as the Nepalese are the Bengalis, Muslims, Anglo-Indians, Chinese, Biharis and Tibetans who escaped to Kalimpong after fleeing the Communist Chinese invasion of Tibet. Kalimpong is home to Trinley Thaye Dorje—one of the 17th Karmapa incarnations.[55] Kalimpong is the closest Indian town to Bhutan's western border, and has a small number of Bhutanese nationals residing here. Hinduism is the largest religion followed by Nijananda Sampradaya, Buddhism and Christianity.[53] Islam has a minuscule presence in this region, The Oldest settlers include people residing since the mid of 19th Century and also mostly Tibetan Muslims who fled in 1959 after Chinese invasion of Tibet.[56] The Buddhist monastery Zang Dhok Palri Phodang holds a number of rare Tibetan Buddhist scriptures.[6] There is a Mosque, Kalimpong Anjuman Islamia Established in 1887 in the bazaar area of Kalimpong.[57]
Popular Hindu festivals include Dashain, Tihar, Cultural Programme and the Tibetan festival of Losar. Languages spoken in Kalimpong include Nepali, which is the predominant language; Lepcha, Limbu, Tamang, Kirat, Hindi, English and Bengali.[2] Though there is a growing interest in cricket as a winter sport in Darjeeling Hills, football still remains the most popular sport in Kalimpong.[58] Every year since 1947, the Independence Shield Football Tournament is organized here as part of the two-day-long Independence Day celebrations.[59] Former captain of India national football team, Pem Dorjee hails from Kalimpong.[60]
A popular snack in Kalimpong is the momo, steamed dumplings made of pork, beef or vegetable cooked in a wrapping of flour and served with watery soup. Wai-Wai is a packaged Nepalese snack made of noodles which are eaten either dry or in soup form. Churpee, a kind of hard cheese made from yak's or chauri's (a hybrid of yak and cattle) milk, is sometimes chewed.[61] A form of noodle called Thukpa, served in soup form is popular in Kalimpong.[62] There are a large number of restaurants which offer a wide variety of cuisines, ranging from Indian to continental, to cater to the tourists. Tea is the most popular beverage in Kalimpong, procured from the famed Darjeeling tea gardens. Kalimpong has a golf course besides Kalimpong Circuit House.[2][63]
The cultural centres in Kalimpong include, the Lepcha Museum and the Zang Dhok Palri Phodang monastery. The Lepcha Museum, a kilometre away from the town centre, showcases the culture of the Lepcha community, the indigenous peoples of Sikkim. The Zang Dhok Palri Phodong monastery has 108 volumes of the Kangyur, and belongs to the Gelug of Buddhism.
Media
Kalimpong has access to most of the television channels aired in the rest of India. Cable Television still provides service to many homes in the town and it's outskirts, while DTH connections are now practically mandatory throughout the country. Besides mainstream Indian channels, many Nepali-language channels such as Dainandini DD, Kalimpong Television KTv, Haal Khabar (an association of the Hill Channel Network), Jan Sarokar, Himalayan People's Channel (HPC), and Kalimpong Times are broadcast in Kalimpong. These channels, which mainly broadcast locally relevant news, are produced by regional media houses and news networks, and are broadcast through the local cable network, which is now slowly becoming defunct due to the Indian government's ruling on mandatory digitization of TV channels. The movie production houses like JBU films produces the movies on the nepali and other languages.
Newspapers in Kalimpong include English language dailies The Statesman and The Telegraph, which are printed in Siliguri,[65][66] and The Economic Times and the Hindustan Times, which are printed in Kolkata.
Among other languages, Nepali, Hindi and Bengali are prominent vernacular languages used in this region.[25] Newspapers in all these four languages are available in the Darjeeling Hills region. Of the largely circulated Nepali newspapers Himalay Darpan, Swarnabhumi and some Sikkim-based Nepali newspapers like Hamro Prajashakti and Samay Dainik are read most.[67] The Tibet Mirror was the first Tibetan-language newspaper published in Kalimpong in 1925.[68] while Himalayan Times was the first English to have come out from Kalimpong in the year 1947, it was closed down in the year 1962 after the Chinese aggression but was started once again and is now in regular print. Internet service and Internet cafés are well established; these are mostly served through broadband, data card of different mobile services, WLL, dialup lines,[69][70] Kalimpong News, Kalimpong Online News, Kalimpong Times and KTV are the main online news sites that collect and present local and North Bengal & Sikkim news from its own agencies like KalimNews and other newspapers. Besides this there are others like kalimpong.info, kalimpongexpress.blogspot.com and several others. All India Radio and several other National and Private Channels including FM Radio are received in Kalimpong.
The area is serviced by major telecommunication companies of India with most types of cellular services in most areas.
Education
There are fifteen major schools in Kalimpong, the most notable ones being Scottish Universities Mission Institution, Dr. Graham's Homes, St Joseph's Convent, St. Augustine's School, Rockvale Academy, Saptashri Gyanpeeth, Springdale Academy, St. Philomenas School, Kalimpong Girls' High School, Kumdini Homes, Chandramaya High School, Lolay Sampu High School and Gandhi Ashram School. The Scottish Universities Mission Institution was the first school that was opened in 1886. The schools offer education up to high secondary standard, following which students may choose to join a Junior College or carry on with additional two years of schooling.
Kalimpong College, Cluny Women's College and Rockvale Management College are the main colleges in the town. Former two are affiliated to the North Bengal University and the latter affiliated to West Bengal University of Technology and apart from these, Good Shepherd IHM (Hotel management Institution) offers courses on hospitality sectors. Most students however, choose to further their studies in Siliguri, Kolkata, and other colleges in the Indian metropolis. The Tharpa Choling Monastery, at Tirpai Hill near Kalimpong, is managed by Yellow Hat sect and has a library of Tibetan manuscripts and thankas.
Flora and fauna
The area around Kalimpong lies in the Eastern Himalayas, which is classified as an ecological hotspot, one of only three among the ecoregions of India. Neora Valley National Park lies within the Kalimpong subdivision and is home to tigers.[72] Acacia is the most commonly found species at lower altitudes, while cinnamon, ficus, bamboo and cardamom, are found in the hillsides around Kalimpong. The forests found at higher altitudes are made up of pine trees and other evergreen alpine vegetation. Seven species of rhododendrons are found in the region east of Kalimpong. The temperate deciduous forests include oak, birch, maple and alder. Three hundred species of orchid are found around Kalimpong.
The Red panda, Clouded leopard, Siberian weasel, Asiatic black bear,[75] barking deer,[76] Himalayan tahr, goral, gaur[76] and pangolin are some of the fauna found near Kalimpong. Avifauna of the region include the pheasants, cuckoos, minivets, flycatchers, bulbuls, orioles, owls, partridges, sunbirds, warblers, swallows, swifts and woodpeckers.
Kalimpong is a major production centre of gladioli in India,[78] and orchids, which are exported to many parts of the world. The Rishi Bankim Chandra Park is an ecological museums within Kalimpong Citrus Dieback Research Station at Kalimpong works towards control of diseases, plant protection and production of disease free orange seedlings.
Kalimpong is also famous for their rich practice of cactus cultivation. Its nurseries attract people from far and wide for the absolutely stunning collection of cacti they cultivate. The strains of cacti, though not indigenous to the locale, have been carefully cultivated over the years, and now the town boasts one of the most fascinating and exhaustive collections of the Cactaceae family. The plants have adapted well to the altitude and environment, and now prove to be one of the chief draws of tourism to the township.
West Bengal (/bɛŋˈɡɔːl/, Bengali: Paschim Banga [ˈpoʃtʃim ˈbɔŋgo] (About this soundlisten)) is a state in the eastern region of India along the Bay of Bengal. With over 91 million inhabitants, it is the fourth-most populous state and the fourteenth-largest state by area in India. Covering an area of 88,752 km2 (34,267 sq mi), it is also the eighth-most populous country subdivision of the world. Part of the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent, it borders Bangladesh in the east, and Nepal and Bhutan in the north. It also borders the Indian states of Odisha, Jharkhand, Bihar, Sikkim and Assam. The state capital is Kolkata, the third-largest metropolis, and seventh largest city by population in India. West Bengal includes the Darjeeling Himalayan hill region, the Ganges delta, the Rarh region and the coastal Sundarbans. The state's main ethnic group are the Bengalis, with the Bengali Hindus forming the demographic majority.
The area's early history featured a succession of Indian empires, internal squabbling, and a tussle between Hinduism and Buddhism for dominance. Ancient Bengal was the site of several major Janapadas, while the earliest cities date back to the Vedic period. The region was part of several ancient pan−Indian empires, including the Vangas, Mauryans, and the Guptas. The citadel of Gauḍa served as the capital of the Gauḍa Kingdom, the Pala Empire, and the Sena Empire. Islam was introduced through trade with the Abbasid Caliphate, but following the Ghurid conquests led by Bakhtiyar Khalji and the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate, the Muslim faith spread across the entire Bengal region. During the Bengal Sultanate, the territory was a major trading nation in the world, and was often referred by the Europeans as the "richest country to trade with". It was absorbed into the Mughal Empire in 1576. Simultaneously, some parts of the region were ruled by several Hindu states, and Baro-Bhuyan landlords, and part of it was briefly overrun by the Suri Empire. Following the death of Emperor Aurangzeb in the early 1700s, the proto-industrialised Mughal Bengal became a semi-independent state under the Nawabs of Bengal, and showed signs of the first Industrial revolution.[8][9] The region was later conquered by the British East India Company at the Battle of Plassey in 1757 and became part of the Bengal Presidency.[10][11]
The region was a hotbed of the Indian independence movement and has remained one of India's great artistic and intellectual centres.[12] Following widespread religious violence, the Bengal Legislative Council and the Bengal Legislative Assembly voted on the Partition of Bengal in 1947 along religious lines into two independent dominions: West Bengal, a Hindu-majority Indian state, and East Bengal, a Muslim-majority province of Pakistan which later became the independent Bangladesh.
Post Indian independence, West Bengal's economy is based on agricultural production and small and medium-sized enterprises.[13] For many decades the state underwent political violence and economic stagnation.[14] Today, the economy of West Bengal is the sixth-largest state economy in India with a gross state domestic product (GSDP) of ₹12.54 lakh crore (US$180 billion),[3] and has the country's 23rd-highest GSDP per capita of ₹115,748 (US$1,600).[3] West Bengal also has the 28th-highest ranking among Indian states in human development index, with the index value being less than that of India.[5] The state government debt of ₹4.0 lakh crore (US$56 billion), or 32.6% of GSDP, is fifth highest India, but has dropped from 40.65% since 2010–11.[15][16] There is moderate unemployment.[17] West Bengal has two World Heritage sites and ranks as the seventh-most visited tourist destination in India.
अपने से विपरीत सेक्स के प्रति आकर्षित होना एक स्वाभाविक प्रक्रिया है, लेकिन पुरूषों में यह बात देखी गई है कि वह अक्सर ही अपने से बड़ी उम्रदराज की महिलाओं के प्रति एक अजीब सा आकर्षण महसूस करते हैं। एक शोध में यह भी पाया गया है कि पुरूष अपने से बड़ी उम्र की औरतों से संबंध बनाने के बाद ज्यादा मानसिक औ...
इस मानव जगत में सभी धर्म,जाति संप्रदाय एक समान है। कोई छोटा, बड़ा नहीं है। धर्म मनुष्य को नहीं बदलता न ही उसे नीचे गिराता मनुष्य तो खुद अपने कर्मों से अच्छा या बुरा स्थान पाता है। धर्म न किसी की आलोचना करने को कहता न किसी जीव की हत्या यह सब तो मनुष्य के मानसिक विकार है।
कुछ इस तरह से बदलता है जी...
Agra. India.
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The Taj Mahal ( /ˈtɑːdʒ/ or /ˈtɑːʒ məˈhɑːl/;[1] Hindi: ताज महल, from Persian/Urdu: تاج محل "crown of palaces", pronounced [ˈt̪aːdʒ mɛˈɦɛl]; also "the Taj"[2]) is a white Marble mausoleum located in Agra, India. It was built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal. The Taj Mahal is widely recognized as "the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage."[3]
Taj Mahal is the finest example of Mughal architecture, a style that combines elements from Persian, Turkish and Indian architectural styles.[4][5]
In 1983, the Taj Mahal became a UNESCO World Heritage Site. While the white domed marble mausoleum is the most familiar component of the Taj Mahal, it is actually an integrated complex of structures. The construction began around 1632 and was completed around 1653, employing thousands of artisans and craftsmen.[6] The construction of the Taj Mahal was entrusted to a board of architects under imperial supervision, including Abd ul-Karim Ma'mur Khan, Makramat Khan, and Ustad Ahmad Lahauri.[7][8] Lahauri[9] is generally considered to be the principal designer.
होली की पूर्व संध्या में होलिका दहन किया जाता है। प्राचीन पौराणिक कथा के अनुसार होली से हिरण्यकश्यप की कहानी जुड़ी है। असुराधिपति राजा हिरण्य कश्यप भगवान विष्णु से घोर शत्रुता रखता था। इसने अपनी शक्ति के घमंड में आकर स्वयं को भगवान कहना शुरू कर दिया और ऐलान कर दिया कि राज्य में केवल उसी की पूजा की...
Rangoon first look posters, pics, hd photos, images, pictures of Shahid Kapoor, Kanagana Ranaut, Saif Ali Khan in Rangoon movie. Check working stills from Hindi movie Rangoon. Movie is Directed by Vishal Bhardwaj and produced by Sajid Nadiadwala, Vishal Bhardwaj, Rekha Bhardwaj, Siddharth Roy...
www.reviewrating.org/rangoon-first-look-poster-pics-hd-ph...
I was walking around a lake near Matheran Hill Station (Maharashtra, India) and met a married couple. Seeing the woman's decorated hands I asked her if I could take a photo and she didn't mind. I am pretty pleased with the result, especially with the different tones of red.
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Familiar collection of quotation expressing your feeling.
you may download it for free about friendship quotes in hindi .
The following are some of the best quotes from famous people :
Why do I love you? Because you are and always have been my dream.
A man’s love cannot be...
Shri Sarvodaya Digamber JAIN TEMPLE
Five years later stil under construction
Wikipedia:
The world's biggest ashtadathu Jain idol of Bhagawan Adinatha The new temple is being built at Amarkantak is similar to the Aksharadhama temple of Gujarat. About more that Rs. 20 crores is expected to be spent on this mega project which is spread over an area of 4 acres (16,000 m2). The temple is designed and constructed by more than 300 artists since 2 years under the guidance of Sri C.B.Somapura the Chief architect of the Aksharadhama temple. The ashtadathu idol of Bhagawan Adinatha measuring about 24 ft (7.3 m) in height and weighing 28,000 kilograms will be installed on the Kamala Simhasan made of ashtadathu weighing around 24,000 kilograms. The foundations of the temple are being worked out with the advanced engineering skills so that the temple survives for centuries to come. The temple measuring around 144 feet (44 m) height, 424 feet (129 m) length and 111 feet (34 m) width will be constructed here. Shree Sarvoday Digamber Jain Mandir, Amarkantak is situated at a hill station of Madhya Pradesh from where the largest river of western India Narmada gets started. Param Pujya Aacharya Shree Vidyasagarji Maharajaji's one of the important "Atishay Kshetra" Temple is gating its shape at Amatkantak. a very huge temple of India designed by Shree C.B.Sompura is made with the use of 225,000 cubic feet (6,400 m3) of Bansipahadpur's pink sand stone.
Date 8 January 2012
न्यूयॉर्क। ब्रोकली में पाया जाने वाला यौगिक स्तन कैंसर की कोशिकाओं की वृध्दि मंद कर सकता है। खासकर प्रारंभिक चरणों में यह अधिक असरदार होता है। एक नए शोध से यह बात सामने आई है। अमरीका की ऑरेगन स्टेट युनिवर्सिटी (ओएसयू) और ऑरेगन हेल्थ एंड साइंस युनिवर्सिटी के शोधार्थियों ने एक नए अध्ययन में सुझाव द...
The #Hindu goddess #Shakti known as Durga. More on Hinduism www.amazon.com/Shalu-Sharma/e/B00E2NQBEA
हैंगिंग पुल- बेंत और बांस से हस्तनिर्मित एक हजार फीट लंबा यह पुल भारत अरूणाचल प्रदेश के दामरों गांव में सियांग घाटी में यामने नदी पर बना है।अरूणाचल प्रदेश के दामरों गांव में सीढ़ीदार खेतों के बीच कम उंचाई पर बना यह सबसे हैंगिंग पुल है इसे वहां की स्थानीय ‘आदी पदम’ जनजाति ने बनाया है।
इ...
Meaning of demist in Hindi
SYNONYMS AND OTHER WORDS FOR demist
पद त्यागना→demist पदत्याग करना→demist,step down,go out
Definition of demist
defog
Example Sentences of demist0
Tag:- What is the answer of in hindi, what is the definiation of in hindi, englishinhindi site gives yo...
Meaning of demist matlab, meaning demist hindi, synonyms demist hindi
#DemistMatlab, #MeaningDemistHindi, #SynonymsDemistHindi
My husband travels to Indonesia and Thailand on a regular basis and many times the gifts he brings home are wrapped in newspaper pages.
I tore this graphically interesting Hindi segment out and sprayed it with a shimmering coating then inked the edges with sepia stamp ink.
I plan to use it as the base for a traditional paper collage, but decided to scan and post it for those who like to make digital collages.
I think it will make a wonderful overlay. If you find a way to utilize this piece, please leave a sample of your work in the comments! Enjoy!