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Veterans' Memorial Plaza (foreground, with fountain) and Mall B (rearground) in Cleveland, Ohio.
In 1903, the city of Cleveland hired architects Daniel Burnham, John Carrère, and Arnold Brunner to help redesign the city's downtown. The city had been impressed with Burnham's work on the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893, and with the McMillan Plan crafted for Washington, D.C. in 1902. Carrère was one of the nation's foremost Neoclassical architects, and Brunner was a well-known city planner. All were advocated of the City Beautiful movement.
The three essentially replicated the McMillan Plan for downtown Cleveland, creating a vast "tapi verdt" (lawn) stretching for 1,600 feet (0.3 miles) north toward Lake Erie. These three lawns, known as Mall A, Mall B, and Mall C, were to be surrounded by Neoclassical governmental buildings. A new Union Station was to be built at the north end. Although the train station was never built, the government buildings were. Despite the incomplete nature of the "Group Plan", the Cleveland Mall remains one of the most complete City Beautiful plans ever built in the United States.
The Mall was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.
The southernmost lawn, Mall A, was informally named Memorial Plaza (beginning about 1935) and War Memorial Plaza beginning about 1942), before being formally named Memorial Plaza about 1986. (War Memorial Plaza seems to be the name that stuck, however.) The name Veterans' Memorial Plaza began to be used in 1991.
The northernmost, Mall C, was renamed Strawbridge Plaza in 2003.
In 1964, the Cleveland Convention Center was built beneath Mall B and C. Cuyahoga County purchased the convention center from the city in 2010, and in 2013 opened the Global Center for Health Innovation on the west side of Mall B. The county then financed construction of a Hilton Hotel on the west side of Mall C, which opened on June 1, 2016. Mall B and C were completely reconstructed during this period. Mall B now has a 27-foot-high hump in the middle over the entrance to the Convention Center on Lakeside Avenue.
Justice; Designed 1913; Frederick Wilson & Charles Schweinfurth, artists; Executed by Gorham Glass, New York.
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