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Monsanto Company is a publicly traded American multinational agricultural biotechnology corporation headquartered in Creve Coeur, Missouri. It is a leading producer of genetically engineered (GE) seed and of the herbicide glyphosate, which it markets under the Roundup brand. Founded in 1901 by John Francis Queeny, by the 1940s it was a major producer of plastics, including polystyrene and synthetic fibers. Notable achievements by Monsanto and its scientists as a chemical company included breakthrough research on catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation and being the first company to mass-produce light emitting diodes (LEDs). The company also formerly manufactured controversial products such as the insecticide DDT, PCBs, Agent Orange, and recombinant bovine somatotropin.
Monsanto was among the first to genetically modify a plant cell, along with three academic teams, which was announced in 1983, and was among the first to conduct field trials of genetically modified crops, which it did in 1987. It remained one of the top 10 U.S. chemical companies until it divested most of its chemical businesses between 1997 and 2002, through a process of mergers and spin-offs that focused the company on biotechnology.
Monsanto was a pioneer in applying the biotechnology industry business model to agriculture, using techniques developed by Genentech and other biotech drug companies in the late 1970s in California. In this business model, companies invest heavily in research and development, and recoup the expenses through the use and enforcement of biological patents. Monsanto's application of this model to agriculture, along with a growing movement to create a global, uniform system of plant breeders' rights in the 1980s, came into direct conflict with customary practices of farmers to save, reuse, share and develop plant varieties. Its seed patenting model has also been criticized as biopiracy and a threat to biodiversity. Monsanto's role in these changes in agriculture (which include its litigation and its seed commercialization practices), its current and former agbiotech products, its lobbying of government agencies, and its history as a chemical company, have made Monsanto controversial.
Legal actions and controversies
Monsanto is notable for its involvement in high profile lawsuits, as both plaintiff and defendant. It has been involved in a number of class action suits, where fines and damages have run into the hundreds of millions of dollars, usually over health issues related to its products. Monsanto has also made frequent use of the courts to defend its patents, particularly in the area of agricultural biotechnology.
On 25 May 2013, rallies against Monsanto took place. According to organizers, rallies were planned in 52 countries and 436 cities, and their goal was to protest against Monsanto and the genetically modified food it produces.
Olive fruit fly pupae are washed and dried before being sterilized with gamma rays. The pupae are then transported to the release site. IAEA Entomology Unit, Seibersdorf, Austria
Photo Credit: Andrew John Jessup / IAEA
Documenting the impact of improved climbing beans in Rwanda.
Credit: ©2011CIAT/NeilPalmer
Please credit accordingly and leave a comment when you use a CIAT photo.
For more info: ciat-comunicaciones@cgiar.org
Bean farmer Richard Hatungimana. The Pan-Africa Bean Research Alliance works with the Institut des Siences Agronomique du Burundi (ISABU), to give farmers access to improved beans. The beans have been bred with characteristics like high iron; some yield more produce and some are more resilient to drought. Researchers at ISABU are working with key farmers, to produce more beans. And they are linking producers who are adding value, for example by grinding beans into bean flour, to feed to children as part of a school feeding program to tackle malnutrition with World Vision. www.ciat.cgiar.org or www.pabra-africa.org
Credit: ©2017CIAT/GeorginaSmith
Please credit accordingly and leave a comment when you use a CIAT photo.
For more info: ciat-comunicaciones@cgiar.org
Work as part of CIAT's Genetic resources program.
Credit: ©2010CIAT/NeilPalmer
Please credit accordingly and leave a comment when you use a CIAT photo.
For more info: ciat-comunicaciones@cgiar.org
Work as part of CIAT's Genetic resources program.
Credit: ©2010CIAT/NeilPalmer
Please credit accordingly and leave a comment when you use a CIAT photo.
For more info: ciat-comunicaciones@cgiar.org
The Pan-Africa Bean Research Alliance works with the Institut des Siences Agronomique du Burundi (ISABU), to give farmers access to improved beans. The beans have been bred with characteristics like high iron; some yield more produce and some are more resilient to drought. Researchers at ISABU are working with key farmers, to produce more beans. And they are linking producers who are adding value, for example by grinding beans into bean flour, to feed to children as part of a school feeding program to tackle malnutrition with World Vision. www.ciat.cgiar.org or www.pabra-africa.org
Credit: ©2017CIAT/GeorginaSmith
Please credit accordingly and leave a comment when you use a CIAT photo.
For more info: ciat-comunicaciones@cgiar.org
CIAT’s bean genebank at Kawanda research station, Uganda, receives new varieties from Colombia and safeguards beans across Africa. Researchers use the beans to breed more resilient varieties which are not only more drought and heat tolerant, but also more resistant to harmful pests and diseases, protecting the important bean staple.
Credit: ©2016CIAT/GeorginaSmith
Please credit accordingly and leave a comment when you use a CIAT photo.
For more info: ciat-comunicaciones@cgiar.org
Improved bush beans perform better than local varieties, but delivery systems to get them to farmers are key. Visit: www.pabra-africa.org
Credit: ©2015CIAT/StephanieMalyon
Please credit accordingly and leave a comment when you use a CIAT photo.
For more info: ciat-comunicaciones@cgiar.org
Work as part of CIAT's Genetic resources program.
Credit: ©2010CIAT/NeilPalmer
Please credit accordingly and leave a comment when you use a CIAT photo.
For more info: ciat-comunicaciones@cgiar.org
The Mattson cooker measures the time it takes for beans to cook. This research is screening beans that cook faster -
the ones that cook fastest will be selected for releasing for farmers. CIAT’s bean genebank at Kawanda research station, Uganda, receives new varieties from Colombia and safeguards beans across Africa. Researchers use the beans to breed more resilient varieties which are not only more drought and heat tolerant, but also more resistant to harmful pests and diseases, protecting the important bean staple.
Credit: ©2016CIAT/GeorginaSmith
Please credit accordingly and leave a comment when you use a CIAT photo.
For more info: ciat-comunicaciones@cgiar.org
(A genome is) ‘the complete set of genes in a particular organism.’ [Wikipedia/Introduction to genetics]
Hooded Sweatshirt, Sweatshirt, Long Sleeve T-shirt, T-shirt, Sleeveless T-shirt.
Go to online store: www.printfection.com/brainfood-clothing
Stephen Musoke. CIAT’s bean genebank at Kawanda research station, Uganda, receives new varieties from Colombia and safeguards beans across Africa. Researchers use the beans to breed more resilient varieties which are not only more drought and heat tolerant, but also more resistant to harmful pests and diseases, protecting the important bean staple.
Credit: ©2016CIAT/GeorginaSmith
Please credit accordingly and leave a comment when you use a CIAT photo.
For more info: ciat-comunicaciones@cgiar.org
Work as part of CIAT's Genetic resources program.
Credit: ©2010CIAT/NeilPalmer
Please credit accordingly and leave a comment when you use a CIAT photo.
For more info: ciat-comunicaciones@cgiar.org
Samples of tropical forages conserved in vitro at CIAT gene bank in Colombia. Seeds of these plants were recently sent for conservation to the Global Seed Vault in Svalbard, Norway.
Credit: ©2012CIAT/NeilPalmer
Please credit accordingly and leave a comment when you use a CIAT photo.
For more info: ciat-comunicaciones@cgiar.org
(A genome is) ‘the complete set of genes in a particular organism.’ [Wikipedia/Introduction to genetics]
Hooded Sweatshirt, Sweatshirt, Long Sleeve T-shirt, T-shirt, Sleeveless T-shirt.
Go to online store: www.printfection.com/brainfood-clothing
"Androidification" is a neologism for the evolutionary bio-technological procedures of Genetic Engineering and Artificial Intelligence/Robotics that take place on the contemporary Anthropotype of Homo Universalis, transforming him/her/it to Homo Superius.
After Homo Sapiens, Catholicus and Universalis, Homo Superius is the first Anthropotype that will evolve and dominate not by Natural Selection, but Androidification
Ringiers farbige Kinderbücher / Kinderbuchserie
> Ringgi + Zofi / Spannende Abenteuer in Genikon
von Robi Reinfrank und Röbu Schnieper
Ringier & Co AG / Zürich 1988
ex libris MTP
The larvae (grubs) hatch from the eggs and then while still in the special diet (the feed) turn into pupae (like a cocoon) from which the adult flies emerge. IAEA Entomology Unit, Seibersdorf, Austria
Photo Credit: Andrew John Jessup / IAEA
Work as part of CIAT's Genetic resources program.
Credit: ©2010CIAT/NeilPalmer
Please credit accordingly and leave a comment when you use a CIAT photo.
For more info: ciat-comunicaciones@cgiar.org
he has very beady eyes, and a dodgy way about him. But i think I prefer these black eyed mice to those googly red-eyed ones.. which would be worse?
shifty sneaky beady eyed mice? or crazed red eyed mice with bulging eyes?
Documenting the impact of improved climbing beans in Rwanda.
Credit: ©2011CIAT/NeilPalmer
Please credit accordingly and leave a comment when you use a CIAT photo.
For more info: ciat-comunicaciones@cgiar.org
HarvestPlus work on biofortified beans in east DR Congo.
Credit: ©2013CIAT/NeilPalmer
Please credit accordingly and leave a comment when you use a CIAT photo.
For more info: ciat-comunicaciones@cgiar.org
Monsanto Company is a publicly traded American multinational agricultural biotechnology corporation headquartered in Creve Coeur, Missouri. It is a leading producer of genetically engineered (GE) seed and of the herbicide glyphosate, which it markets under the Roundup brand. Founded in 1901 by John Francis Queeny, by the 1940s it was a major producer of plastics, including polystyrene and synthetic fibers. Notable achievements by Monsanto and its scientists as a chemical company included breakthrough research on catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation and being the first company to mass-produce light emitting diodes (LEDs). The company also formerly manufactured controversial products such as the insecticide DDT, PCBs, Agent Orange, and recombinant bovine somatotropin.
Monsanto was among the first to genetically modify a plant cell, along with three academic teams, which was announced in 1983, and was among the first to conduct field trials of genetically modified crops, which it did in 1987. It remained one of the top 10 U.S. chemical companies until it divested most of its chemical businesses between 1997 and 2002, through a process of mergers and spin-offs that focused the company on biotechnology.
Monsanto was a pioneer in applying the biotechnology industry business model to agriculture, using techniques developed by Genentech and other biotech drug companies in the late 1970s in California. In this business model, companies invest heavily in research and development, and recoup the expenses through the use and enforcement of biological patents. Monsanto's application of this model to agriculture, along with a growing movement to create a global, uniform system of plant breeders' rights in the 1980s, came into direct conflict with customary practices of farmers to save, reuse, share and develop plant varieties. Its seed patenting model has also been criticized as biopiracy and a threat to biodiversity. Monsanto's role in these changes in agriculture (which include its litigation and its seed commercialization practices), its current and former agbiotech products, its lobbying of government agencies, and its history as a chemical company, have made Monsanto controversial.
Legal actions and controversies
Monsanto is notable for its involvement in high profile lawsuits, as both plaintiff and defendant. It has been involved in a number of class action suits, where fines and damages have run into the hundreds of millions of dollars, usually over health issues related to its products. Monsanto has also made frequent use of the courts to defend its patents, particularly in the area of agricultural biotechnology.
On 25 May 2013, rallies against Monsanto took place. According to organizers, rallies were planned in 52 countries and 436 cities, and their goal was to protest against Monsanto and the genetically modified food it produces.
Credit: ©2010CIAT/NeilPalmer
Please credit accordingly and leave a comment when you use a CIAT photo.
For more info: ciat-comunicaciones@cgiar.org
Samples of tropical forages conserved in vitro at CIAT gene bank in Colombia. Seeds of these plants were recently sent for conservation to the Global Seed Vault in Svalbard, Norway.
Credit: ©2012CIAT/NeilPalmer
Please credit accordingly and leave a comment when you use a CIAT photo.
For more info: ciat-comunicaciones@cgiar.org
Work as part of CIAT's Genetic resources program.
Credit: ©2010CIAT/NeilPalmer
Please credit accordingly and leave a comment when you use a CIAT photo.
For more info: ciat-comunicaciones@cgiar.org
Work as part of CIAT's Genetic resources program.
Credit: ©2010CIAT/NeilPalmer
Please credit accordingly and leave a comment when you use a CIAT photo.
For more info: ciat-comunicaciones@cgiar.org
Suliman Sebuliba – Research Technician. CIAT’s bean genebank at Kawanda research station, Uganda, receives new varieties from Colombia and safeguards beans across Africa. Researchers use the beans to breed more resilient varieties which are not only more drought and heat tolerant, but also more resistant to harmful pests and diseases, protecting the important bean staple.
Credit: ©2016CIAT/GeorginaSmith
Please credit accordingly and leave a comment when you use a CIAT photo.
For more info: ciat-comunicaciones@cgiar.org
Documenting the impact of improved climbing beans in Rwanda.
Credit: ©2011CIAT/NeilPalmer
Please credit accordingly and leave a comment when you use a CIAT photo.
For more info: ciat-comunicaciones@cgiar.org
Work as part of CIAT's Genetic resources program.
Credit: ©2010CIAT/NeilPalmer
Please credit accordingly and leave a comment when you use a CIAT photo.
For more info: ciat-comunicaciones@cgiar.org
Fruit fly emergence test for quality control. (Entomology Unit, Seibersdorf, Austria, 2 June 2006)
Photo Credit: Dean Calma / IAEA
A female mosquito (Anopheles arabiensis) draws blood from a human hand. The IAEA is at the forefront of the fight against malaria. (IAEA Entomology Unit, Seibersdort, Austria, 1 June 2006)
Photo Credit: Dean Calma / IAEA
Genetic engineering laboratory, School of Art and Science at the National University Mongolia.
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The fruits of scientific research. A scientist checks a banana stem, or cluster, at the IAEA's Plant Breeding Unit in Seibersdorf. (IAEA Seibersdorf, Austria, 4 August 2000)
Copyright: IAEA Imagebank
Photo Credit: Dean Calma / IAEA