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Some of the fumaroles at Hverir.
Krafla is a caldera of about 10 km in diameter with a 90 km long fissure zone, in the north of Iceland in the Mývatn region. Its highest peak reaches up to 818 m and it is 2 km in depth. There have been 29 reported eruptions in recorded history.
South of the Krafla area, but not actually within the caldera is Námafjall, a mountain, beneath which is Hverir, a geothermal area with boiling mudpools and steaming fumaroles.
Bubbling mudpots, fumaroles, steaming vents, boiling springs and sulphur deposites at the slpoes of Namafjall, Myvatn, Iceland, July 2010
I am having to search the internet for the names of these features. If there was a sign that labeled them then I missed it.
I believe the steaming thing in the background is Big Boiler, but I'm not sure. At up to 161 degrees C, it is "one of the hottest hydrothermal fumaroles in the world," according to this website pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/fs101-02/
Lassen Volcanic National Park, California. Compared to Yellowstone the geothermal activity on display is quite minor.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_areas_in_Lassen_Volcanic...
Nps.gov: Along Fountain Paint Pot Trail you will see various hydrothermal features that are expressions of Yellowstone’s still active volcano. Within this geologic system, each type of thermal feature is represented. They can be grouped into two general categories—those with a great deal of water (hot springs and geysers) and those with limited water (mudpots and fumaroles). Despite their structural similarities, no two features are exactly alike:
Silex Spring, Fountain Paint Pot, Red Spouter, Fumaroles, Twig Geyser, Fountain Geyser, Morning Geyser, Jet Geyser, Spasm Geyser, Clepsydra Geyser, Jelly Geyser.
Notes: Thermal activity throughout this entire area. Stay on the boardwalk at all times.
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Three ski patrollers fell in this thing a few years ago and died from poisonous fumes. Well actually one fell in, his partner jumped in after him, and a third fell in during the rescue. Skiers used to hang out in the snow-cave but that was a pretty long time ago. Nice fence they got around it now.
Steam emanating from numerous bores in the Owakudani area. The bores tap hot geothermal water and take them to those wonderful steam baths in the various hotels.
A mudpot, mud pool or paint pot is a sort of hot spring or fumarole consisting of a pool of usually bubbling mud.
Mudpots form in high-temperature geothermal areas where water is in short supply. The little water that is available rises to the surface at a spot where the soil is rich in volcanic ash, clay and other fine particulates. The thickness of the mud usually changes along with seasonal changes in the water table.
The mud takes the form of a viscous, often bubbling, slurry. As the boiling mud is often squirted over the brims of the mudpot, a sort of mini-volcano of mud starts to build up, sometimes reaching heights of 3-5 feet. Although mudpots are often called "mud volcanoes", true mud volcanoes are very different in nature.
The mud is generally of white to greyish color, but is sometimes stained with reddish or pink spots from iron compounds. When the slurry is particularly colorful, the feature is then called a "paint pot".
The geothermal areas of Yellowstone National Park contain several notable examples of both mudpots and paint pots
Noxious gases escaping from the crater wall of Vulcano. The first time I visited Vulcano was some years ago, in the company of a friend. As we approached the mountain we came to a man sitting in a little thatched hut beside the path. "Good morning", he said, "are you going to the crater? Two concessions? That will be 2 euros each. Thank you. And by the way, you are not allowed to walk right round the rim of the crater." "Why not?", I asked. "Because it's dangerous", he said, "there are scalding hot fumaroles and poisonous gases." Now, the very reason we had come to Vulcano was to walk right round the crater rim. So I said, "Well, my companion here is a professional geologist and I am studying for a degree in geology". (Which was absolutely true). "Oh, that's all right then", was the reply, "YOU are allowed to walk round the rim." So we did. Very carefully, And survived to tell the tale. This time round, there was no man in a little thatched hut beside the path collecting admission fees, and the group I was with did not attempt to walk right round the rim.
Steam, water, gas bubbles and sulphuric acid escaping from beneath the eart'h crust leave a multi-coloured rim round these mudpots. There is a risk of falling through the surface if you venture into the roped-off danger areas.
Scanned slide from 2000.