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Biertan (German: Birthälm, Romani: Biyertan, Hungarian: Berethalom) is a commune in central Romania, in the north of the Sibiu County, 80 km north of Sibiu (formerly Hermannstadt in German) and 15 km east of Mediaş. Biertan is one of the most important Saxon villages with fortified churches in Transylvania, having been on the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites since 1993
Italien / Toskana - Chianti
Gaiole in Chianti
Chianti (Italian pronunciation: [ˈkjanti]), in Italy also referred to as Monti del Chianti ("Chianti Mountains") or Colline del Chianti ("Chianti Hills"), is a mountainous area of Tuscany in the provinces of Florence, Siena and Arezzo, composed mainly of hills and mountains. It is known for the wine produced in and named for the region, Chianti.
History
The territory of Chianti was initially limited, in the thirteenth century, by the municipalities of Gaiole in Chianti, Radda in Chianti and Castellina in Chianti and thus defined the "Chianti League" (Lega di Chianti).
Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, even decided in 1716 to issue an edict in which he officially recognized the boundaries of the Chianti district, which was the first legal document in the world to define a wine production area.
The villages of Chianti are often characterized by Romanesque churches and fortified medieval castles, signs of the ancient wars between Siena and Florence or as Monteriggioni, a fortified village north of Siena, on the ancient Via Cassia that leads to Florence.
In 1932, the wine designation specified the production limits for Chianti Classico, which is a DOCG (in Italian "Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita", governed by Italian regulations).
Geography
In addition to the cities already mentioned at the origin of this region, the city of Greve in Chianti radically expresses its connection directly in its name or as Impruneta which claims the name Impruneta in Chianti although it is not an official designation.
Agriculture
Like all rural regions of Tuscany, there is no monoculture and there are vineyards, olive trees, cereals and potatoes.
Silviculture
In the lower hills, there is the exploitation of oak woods, on the higher hills those of chestnut and holm oaks. Everywhere there are cypresses.
Viticulture
The name of Chianti wine refers to a region strictly located in the provinces of Florence, Siena, Arezzo, Pistoia, Pisa and Prato.
Cities in the region with explicit reference in their names:
Greve in Chianti and its hamlets: Panzano in Chianti, San Polo in Chianti
Radda in Chianti
Gaiole in Chianti
Castellina in Chianti
(Wikipedia)
Das Chianti-Gebiet [ˈkjantigəˌbiːt], auch Colline del Chianti (Chianti-Hügel) oder Monti del Chianti (Chianti-Berge) genannt, ist eine Hügelkette (Gebirgskette) im Zentrum der Toskana, in der schon seit Jahrhunderten Chianti-Wein produziert wird. Das Weinbaugebiet macht ca. ein Drittel der gesamten Toskana aus.
Geografie
Das Kerngebiet der Hügelkette teilt sich in die Gebiete Chianti fiorentino und Chianti senese auf. Hierbei liegt der fiorentinische Teil am südöstlichen Rand der Metropolitanstadt Florenz und umfasst die Gemeinden Barberino Val d’Elsa, Greve in Chianti, San Casciano in Val di Pesa und Tavarnelle Val di Pesa. Der senesische Teil liegt im Nordosten der Provinz Siena und umfasst Castellina in Chianti, Castelnuovo Berardenga, Gaiole in Chianti, Poggibonsi und Radda in Chianti. Der sogenannte Chianti aretino ist der westliche Teil der Provinz Arezzo zwischen Arno und Chianti und gehört nicht zum Kerngebiet. Ihm gehören die Gemeinden Cavriglia, Bucine, Pergine Valdarno, Montevarchi und San Giovanni Valdarno an. Diese liegen geografisch gesehen im westlichen Valdarno[ (Arnotal).
Das Chianti-Gebiet umfasst im Westen Teile des Elsatals (Val d’Elsa) und des Pesatals (Val di Pesa), im Norden das Grevetal (Val di Greve), im Osten Teile des Arnotals (Valdarno) und des Ambratals (Val d’Ambra bzw. Valdambra). Im Südosten grenzt der Chianti an die Crete Senesi, im Südwesten an die Montagnola Senese.
In den Hügeln des Chianti entspringen die Flüsse bzw. Torrenti Ambra, Arbia, Bozzone, Greve, Ombrone, Pesa und Staggia. Zudem durchfließt im Westen der Elsa aus Süden und der Montagnola Senese kommend das Gebiet, das im Norden und Nordosten teilweise an den Arno grenzt.
Höchste Erhebung im Chianti-Gebiet ist der Berg Monte San Michele, der im Gemeindegebiet von Greve in Chianti liegt. Er erreicht eine Höhe von 893 Metern.
Geschichte
Das Gebiet wurde zuerst von den Etruskern und danach von den Römern besiedelt. Beide Kulturen hinterließen viele Spuren – auch, was den Weinbau angeht. Erstmals dokumentiert wurde das Gebiet als Clanti im 8. Jahrhundert. Im Mittelalter kämpften Florenz und Siena um die Vorherrschaft in diesem Gebiet. Der Name "Chianti" (Lega del Chianti) stand ursprünglich für einen Militärbund der Städte Radda, Castellina und Gaiole, der im 13. Jahrhundert entstand. Später wurde der Name auf immer größere Gebiete ausgeweitet. Dörfer und Klöster, Burgen und Festungen wurden in dieser Zeit errichtet, die dann später, als es wieder friedlicher wurde, in Landgüter und Villen umgewandelt wurden. In dieser Zeit fanden umfangreiche Waldrodungen statt, um Olivenhaine und Weinberge anzulegen. Diese Veränderungen brachten wirtschaftliche Erfolge und internationalen Ruhm für die Region.
Gesamtes Chianti-Gebiet (Weinbau)
Das gesamte Chianti-Gebiet erstreckt sich von Pisa (im Nordwesten) bis Montalcino (im Südosten) und ist offiziell in neun Untergebiete geteilt:
Chianti Classico (siehe unten)
Chianti Rufina (um Pontassieve)
Chianti Colline Pisane (um Pisa)
Chianti Montalbano (um Carmignano)
Chianti Colli Fiorentini (um Florenz)
Chianti Colli Senesi (um Siena)
Chianti Aretini (um Arezzo)
Chianti Montespertoli
Weinbau im Chianti-Classico-Gebiet
Es ist im Norden begrenzt von den Vororten von Florenz, im Osten von den Chianti-Bergen, im Süden von Siena und im Westen von den Tälern der Flüsse Pesa und Elsa. Es ist das Kernland des Chianti-Gebietes. Eine 70 km lange Weinstraße (die „Via Chiantigiana“, SS 222) verbindet die beiden großen Städte und führt durch eine großartige Kulturlandschaft. An der Straße liegen viele bekannte Weinorte aufgereiht wie an einer Perlenkette. Nur ein Zehntel des sehr waldigen Gebiets (insgesamt ca. 70.000 Hektar) wird für Weinbau verwendet. Der Gallo Nero (= „Schwarzer Hahn“) ist das Kennzeichen der Chianti-Classico-Weine. Das Consorzio del Marchio Storico Chianti Classico wacht über die Einhaltung der Regeln für guten Chianti.
(Wikipedia)
Walled town of Počitelj is a medieval fortified nucleus of Počitelj historic village in Bosnia, about a 45 minute drive from Mostar. Due to its significant architectural and urbanistic historical value, it is considered an open-air museum.
The Walled town is nested in a natural karst amphitheater along the left bank of the Neretva river, on the main road Mostar-Metković.
The most representative building within the walls is Šišman Ibrahim Pasha Mosque or Hajji Alija Mosque, built in 1563 by Hajji-Alija, son of Musa. It was repaired in the 17th century by Šišman Ibrahim Pasha. The locals gave the mosque afterwards pasha's name. The domed mosque is notable for its special acoustics. The mosque was restored in the 1970s, but badly damaged during the Bosnian War in 1993. It was restored again in 2002
Fortified cluster of ruined stone buildings with a long history, in a dramatic clifftop setting. Near Stonehaven, NE Scotland
The medieval ruins of a fortified castle in Flossenbürg rise on the geotope of a bare granite dome.
The summit castle at an altitude of 732m. NN is accessible at all times. On the picture you can see the architecturally particularly exposed residential tower.
St. Margaret's Church: The fortified church was built in gothic style in 1488, with time it went through different modifications. The feeble ground structure made its tower, built in 1460, incline. 1550 the church was raised with three storeys and in 1551 four smaller towers were added to show that the city had a court. It was at that time that it gained its 68.5 meters height. In 1783 the roof-structure was changed and the small towers renovated, it was also then that the golden globe, dating from 1550, was brought down from the tower and according to tradition its content was read aloud. The tower proved to be a good spotting post. In those times the trumpeter in the tower had a great function, alerting about the approaching danger. If he made a mistake, he would've been thrown out from the top of the tower. From this does the towers name derive, Trumpeters tower. In this tower was ordered to be locked Vlad Ţepeş, a.k.a. Dracula, by King Matyas in 1476. On the inside walls of the church you can see 14th- or 15th-century frescoes. The altar was made in 1480 in gothic style, and portrays the sufferings of Jesus. On the portrait, below the crucified Jesus' arm, a Wien panorama can be observed, this indicates the portray origin. The church walls are also decorated with eastern wall carpets given to the church by Christians, some date back to the 16th century. In the church there is the oldest brazen baptistry of the country made at the beginning of the 19th century.The canopy of the pulpit was made in 1679 by master Sigismund Moess. Its pipe-organ, from 1755, is appropriate for symphony concerts. While these concerts last the church benches are turned to face the pipe-organ.
A well-fortified military base. Don't worry about that ICBM launch. It is is filled with cheese and crackers. It is essentially a nuclear-powered Lunchable.
Fortified church complex St. Oswald . Eisenerz . Styria . Austria . Europe
I LOVE THIS PLACE: kirchenburg.at/en/kirchenburg-home-en/
...in Evessen, a small, but lovely village marginal to the hillrange Elm (Lower Saxony, Germany).
Built in the 11th century and named after St. John Baptist.
One of the most important things at interior is a crucifix, created in the 13th century.
Romanische Wehrkirche in Evessen, einem zwar kleinen, aber sehr schmucken Dorf am Rande des Höhenzuges Elm (Niedersachsen).
Die Kirche wurde bereits im 11. Jh. errichtet und nach dem Heiligen Johannes dem Täufer benannt.
Ein bedeutungsvolles Detail im Innenraum ist ein Kruzifix, welches aus dem 13.Jh. stammt.
The fortified church of the Holy Mother of God in the Serbian village of Donja Kamenica, near the Bulgarian borders, during a stormy evening.
It is an impressive Medieval Eastern Orthodox church, built in the 14th century in Byzantine style with Hungarian and Transylvanian influences.
Suecia - Göteborg - Sörhallskajen
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ENGLISH
Gothenburg (Swedish: Göteborg) is the second-largest city in Sweden and the fifth-largest in the Nordic countries, and part of Västra Götaland County. It is situated by Kattegat, on the west coast of Sweden, and has a population of approximately 570,000 in the city center and about 1 million inhabitants in the metropolitan area.
Gothenburg was founded as a heavily fortified, primarily Dutch, trading colony, by royal charter in 1621 by King Gustavus Adolphus. In addition to the generous privileges (e.g. tax relaxation) given to his Dutch allies from the then-ongoing Thirty Years' War, the king also attracted significant numbers of his German and Scottish allies to populate his only town on the western coast. At a key strategic location at the mouth of the Göta älv, where Scandinavia's largest drainage basin enters the sea, the Port of Gothenburg is now the largest port in the Nordic countries.
Gothenburg is home to many students, as the city includes the University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology. Volvo was founded in Gothenburg in 1927. The original parent Volvo Group and the now separate Volvo Car Corporation are still headquartered on the island of Hisingen in the city. Other key companies are SKF and Astra Zeneca.
Remarkable buildings:
The Gothenburg Central Station is in the centre of the city, next to Nordstan and Drottningtorget. The building has been renovated and expanded numerous times since the grand opening in October 1858. In 2003, a major reconstruction was finished which brought the 19th-century building into the 21st century expanding the capacity for trains, travellers, and shopping. Not far from the central station is the Skanskaskrapan, or more commonly known as "The Lipstick". It is 86 m (282 ft) high with 22 floors and coloured in red-white stripes. The skyscraper was designed by Ralph Erskine and built by Skanska in the late 1980s as the headquarters for the company.
By the shore of the Göta Älv at Lilla Bommen is The Göteborg Opera. It was completed in 1994. The architect Jan Izikowitz was inspired by the landscape and described his vision as "Something that makes your mind float over the squiggling landscape like the wings of a seagull."
Feskekörka, or Fiskhallen, is an indoor fishmarket by the Rosenlundskanalen in central Gothenburg. Feskekörkan was opened on 1 November 1874 and its name from the building's resemblance to a Gothic church. The Gothenburg city hall is in the Beaux-Arts architectural style. The Gothenburg Synagogue at Stora Nygatan, near Drottningtorget, was built in 1855 according to the designs of the German architect August Krüger.
The Gunnebo House is a country house located to the south of Gothenburg, in Mölndal. It was built in a neoclassical architecture towards the end of the 18th century. Created in the early 1900s was the Vasa Church. It is located in Vasastan and is built of granite in a neo-Romanesque style.
Another noted construction is Brudaremossen TV Tower, one of the few partially guyed towers in the world.
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ESPAÑOL
Gotemburgo (en sueco, Göteborg) es la segunda ciudad en importancia y tamaño de Suecia, después de la capital, Estocolmo. Ubicada en la provincia de Västra Götaland en la costa oeste del país, en la desembocadura del río Göta älv en el estrecho de Kattegat.
Su puerto es el más grande entre los países nórdicos ya que tiene sus aguas descongeladas durante todo el año. Es el lugar de tránsito de la mayor parte de las exportaciones e importaciones de Suecia.
Grandes industrias como SKF y AB Volvo tienen sus oficinas principales en esta ciudad. Sede de dos universidades, tiene la población universitaria más numerosa de Escandinavia. En las últimas décadas se ha desarrollado el turismo y los eventos culturales.
Fue fundada y fortificada en 1621 por el rey Gustavo II Adolfo, después de varios intentos fallidos de fundación debido a los ataques de daneses y noruegos.
The fortified evangelical church of Viscri (Brașov county), was built in the 13th century on the basis of an ancient Roman basilica dating from the 12th century. The parish hall was built by the Szeklers and then taken over by the Saxons. The church was transformed into a fortified church in the 15th century with a gate tower, two towers, two bastions and two defensive walls. The building, like that of the neighboring village of Homorod, is one of the few well-preserved Romanesque buildings in the region.
Since 1999, the church has been part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Fortified by a fine braai and a wine tasting session at a local winery tour participants still manage to safely record 19D No. 3334 and its mixed consist at Halfmanshof whilst returning down the Portersville branch back to Hermon where the Union Limited train will provide a welcome shower, evening meal, and beer !
The fortified town of Decapolis stands upon a rocky plateau. It serves as a stopping point for the silk caravans, and merchants from all over the world can be found here. Even though it sits in the harshest of deserts, water is abundant, because of an underground river located just below the town. It provides an oasis of life for the desert of Loreos.
Check out the Lands of Classic Castle project over at Classic Castle.com
www.classic-castle.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=21649
I tried to put more time into this MOC I was rather hasty in the last one ;) .
I think I need more tan bricks! I was running out of them near the end of this build.
I will post better views of the caves soon.
C&C welcome!
Have a blessed day!
~Mark
Small tower, Church, Torture tower.
The fortified evangelical church of Nocrich was built at the beginning of the 13th century with three ships and a watchtower, the patron saint of Saint Ladislau.
The fortifications of the church were built in the 16th - 17th centuries, leaving only ruins on the left side of the church. The enclosure wall, built in the fifteenth century around the Romanic church, delimited an irregular pentagonal perimeter, and was strengthened with towers in every corner.
Four medieval fortifications are preserved: officials tower in the Northwest, the Turkish tower in West, the small tower in the south-west, the torture tower in the south-east.
In 1800, the old church burns, and the villagers decide to build a new church. An important part of the fortifications disappeared with the construction of the present church. It was built between 1803 and 1806 according to the plans of the architect Karl Steinbach. The workers were guided by the mason master Josef Pfeifer and the carpenter Johann Georg Rastl from Turnişor. Inside the new church was installed an organ by Samuel Metz and a painting by Franz Neuhauser in the altar. In 1901 the eastern part of the fortification was demolished, and from the resulting materials was erected an administrative building.
The Allersmaborg is a Borg (fortified house or farm) in the hamlet of Allersma between Ezinge and Aduarderzijl in the province of Groningen. This borg dates back to medieval times, and is situated within a spacious moat with a drawbridge and is surrounded by an English garden and woods. Around the borg area is an estate of approximately 2 hectares, including an orchard with old Groningen fruit varieties, including Groninger Kroon and Zigeunerin. The borg and surroundings are managed by Staatsbosbeheer and is lent out to the Rijksuniversiteit Groningen (RuG).
A section of the wonderful ruin of Raglan Castle, Wales. The castle is in the care of Cadw, the Welsh Governnent's historic service. Cadw is an old Welsh word meaning "to keep" or "to protect". It's a marvellously atmospheric place to see, perhaps even more so on a rainy day, such as on my visit.
La Torre Negra és un castell o més aviat masía fortificada, situat a les afores de Sant Cugat del Vallès. Data del s. XII i formava part de les defenses del territori del monestir de Sant Cugat.
També dona nom a tot el seu entorn i al polemic intent fa uns anys de urbanitzar com fos tota aquesta zona per part sobretot de Nuñez y Navarro, emprant metodes legals i segurament no tant legals. Mafia.
www.naciodigital.cat/santcugat/noticia/4387/familia-rabad...
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The fortified countryhouse known as La Torre Negra ("Black Tower") dates from the XII Century, when it defended the dominions of Sant Cugat abbey. It's not open to the public.
Here you can see pictures from the inside:
www.naciodigital.cat/santcugat/flaix/1124/secrets-torre-n...
The last of my trip images, thanks for your comments and taking the time to travel with me! Hopefully the weather will perk up soon and I can take some more photos on home turf!
Korykos Castle, locally known as Korykos Kalesi, lies at the beach next to the town of Kizkalesi in the province of Mersin in Turkey.
Together with the opposite Kizkalesi Castle, a supplementary castle on a small island in the bay of Kizkalesi, this coastal castle protected the port of Korykos and of course their histories are linked closely together and almost identical. Korykos Castle was also the principal guardian of the strategic coastal road between the towns of Silifke and Tarsus.
In ancient times there was an antique harbor city named Korykos or Corycus here. It is possible that the site of Korykos was heavily fortified prior to the Arab invasions, but there is no evidence to confirm this.
Around 1099 Korykos was conquered by the Byzantines. The erection of the castles can probably be credited to the reign of the Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos. Except for reconstruction during and after the Armenian period of occupation in the late 12th century(far more extensive in the sea castle than in the land castle), the circuit walls and towers of both castles date from the early 12th century.
The emperor's daughter, Anna Comnena, tells us that the royal eunuch Eustathius was dispatched as an admiral and was directed to fortify Korykos and more southerly Silifke. The strategy was to defend it from any possible seizure by the Crusader Bohemund I de Guiscard. A large garrison was maintained at Korykos and Silifke under the command of a certain Strategus Strabo. Exactly when the Armenians occupied the Byzantine castles at Korykos is unknown.
By 1198/99 the site seems to have been under the control of Leo I, King of Armenian Cilicia, as Simon, the Baron of Korykos, was in attendance at his coronation. Following Vahram's brief tenure as Lord of Korykos (1210-12), the Hethumid Baron Oshin held the position until the late 1260's. In the 4th quarter of the 13th century the Armenian historian Hethum followed Grigoris as master of the port. Some years later he died tragically in a battle against the Mamluks. In 1318 Hethum's son, another Oshin, took 300 troops from the garrison at Korykos Castle and succeeded (temporarily) in driving out a band of Turks.
In 1360 Peter I, the King of Cyprus, assumed control over Korykos when it became clear that the Mamluks were soon to conquer all of Cilicia. Robert of Lusignan was dispatched from Cyprus to administer the port. With Cypriot assistance the residents of Korykos were able to repulse a Karamanid attack in 1367. This fortified port proved to be a profitable toll station until its capture by the Karamanids in 1448.
Korykos Castle is built on the relatively flat ground of the rocky shore and is characterized by the almost square shape of a tight double trace with square towers. This is the only fully concentric plan for a fortification in Cilicia. In the southern corner there is a sea gate and the north east side of the castle is protected by a deep ditch cut out of the rock.
At present Korykos Castle can be visited for a small fee. This is a great castle ruin with lots to explore.
Mdina (also known by its titles Città Vecchia or Città Notabile), is a fortified city in the Northern Region of Malta, which served as the island's capital from antiquity to the medieval period. The city is still confined within its walls, and has a population of just under 300, but it is contiguous with the town of Rabat, which takes its name from the Arabic word for suburb, and has a population of over 11,000 (as of March 2014).
The city was founded as Maleth in around the 8th century BC by Phoenician settlers, and was later renamed Melite by the Romans. Ancient Melite was larger than present-day Mdina, and it was reduced to its present size during the Byzantine or Arab occupation of Malta. During the latter period, the city adopted its present name, which derives from the Arabic word medina. The city remained the capital of Malta throughout the Middle Ages, until the arrival of the Order of St. John in 1530, when Birgu became the administrative centre of the island. Mdina experienced a period of decline over the following centuries, although it saw a revival in the early 18th century. At this point, it acquired several Baroque features, although it did not lose its medieval character.
Mdina remained the centre of the Maltese nobility and religious authorities (and property continues to largely be passed down from families and from generation to generation), but it never regained its pre-1530 importance, giving rise to the popular nickname the "Silent City" by both locals and visitors. Mdina is on the tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites,
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Here's a shot I grabbed during a shoot of a Stage 2 GT-R I helped work on over in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil at the local Heliport. This heli pilot was cool enough to hover around the car for a minute once he noticed I was shooting it.
Love Brazil!
In March 2020, I took a three-week photo trip through some parts of central France, mostly in the Causses region. These photos are part of the selection of shots from that trip.
The priory of Saint-Jean-de-Balmes (or “des-Balmes”) on the Causse Noir was founded by Benedictine monks around Year 1000, and subsequently fortified both against bad weather and passing people up to no good. It is now mostly in ruins, having been pillaged during the Wars of Religion. Volunteers take care of it, have rebuilt the top of the bell tower and put a new roof on it.
Those ruins are delightful and very atmospheric, especially out of season, when one is all alone up there... Of course, at times like that, it is better not to remind oneself of the priest that was assassinated there in 1630, and whose soul may still be haunting the place...
Marvão (Portugal) est une ville fortifiée du Haut Alentejo, au sommet de la serra de Sapoio dans le district de Portalegre, Située en haut d'un rocher à plus de 860 mètres d'altitude, ce charmant village médiévale possède des ruelles escarpées aux nombreuses marches. Le château fort a été construit au XIIIe siècle puis repris au XVIIe siècle. Le chemin de ronde est en parfait état.